CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY PATNA - 800001

A PROJECT WORK ON Welfare Measures In Naxal Areas

Submitted To: Dr. Sangeet Kumar

Subject: - SOCIOLOGY

Submitted By: PRANAV KUMAR

Roll No. Course Year :

: 773 B.A.LL.B(Hons.) : 1st Year, 1st Semester

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
FOR THIS RESEARCH WORK THE RESEARCHER WILL TAKE BOTH DOCTRINAL AND NON DOCTRINAL RESEARCH . HE WILL TAKE HELP OF BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES WHICH IS RELATED TO WELFARE MEASURES IN NAXAL AREAS

AIMS THE AIM OF THE PROJECT IS TO PRESENT A DETAILED STUDY OF WELFARE MEASURES IN NAXAL AREAS. THROUGH THE SCULPTORS, BOOKS, SUGGESTIONS AND DIFFERENT
WRITINGS AND ARTICLES OBJECTIVES

THE

RESEARCHER BY THIS RESEARCH WORK WANT TO EXPLORE THE WELFARE MEASURES

IN NAXAL AREAS . HE ALSO WANTS TO KNOW ABOUT HOW WE CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF NAXAL AND ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT IN NAXAL AREAS . THE RESEARCHER ALSO WANTS TO KNOW ABOUT GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE ABOUT NAXALISM .

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS: THOUGH

THIS IS AN IMMENSE PROJECT AND PAGES CAN BE WRITTEN OVER THE TOPIC BUT

BECAUSE OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS TOPIC IN GREAT DETAIL.

I WAS NOT ABLE TO DEAL WITH THE

SOURCES OF DATA: THE FOLLOWING SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA HAVE BEEN USED IN THE PROJECT1. ARTICLES
2

2. BOOKS 3. WEBSITES METHOD OF WRITING: THE

METHOD OF WRITING FOLLOWED IN THE COURSE OF THIS RESEARCH PAPER IS

PRIMARILY ANALYTICAL .

MODE OF CITATION : THE RESEARCHER HAS FOLLOWED A UNIFORM MODE OF CITATION THROUGHOUT THE CO
HYPOTHESIS THE HYPOTHESIS OF THIS RESEARCH WORK IS THAT THE NAXALISM IS A BIG PROBLEM FOR SOCIETY. IT CAN BE SOLVED BY WELFARE WORKS IN NAXAL AREAS BY GOVERNMENT OR COOPERATION OF PEOPLES. DUE TO THE LACK OF SOURCES LIKE

ROAD , SCHOOLS ,

UNEMPLOYMENT PEOPLE ARE JOIN NAXALISM .

~Acknowledgment~
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to my sociology teacher for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for her support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & my friends for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to seniors for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.. 05 NAXAL PROBLEM IN INDIA 06 MEASURES TO CONTROLE ON NAXALISM 09

MEASURES TO CONTROLE ON NAXALISM. 13

FIELD WORK. 16

CONCLUSION .. 19

BIBILIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION

The word Naxal, Naxalite or Naksalvadi is a generic term used to refer to various militant Communist groups operating in different parts of India under different organizational envelopes. In the eastern states of the mainland India (Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa), they are usually known as, or refer to themselves as Maoists while in southern states like Andhra Pradesh they are known under other titles. They have been declared as a terrorist organization under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of India (1967).[1][2][3] Leaders of the movement have been found to have hideout located in China.[4] The term 'Naxal' derives from the name of the village Naxalbari in the state of West Bengal, India, where the movement had its origin. The Naxals are considered far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology. Their origin can be traced to the split in 1967 of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), leading to the formation of the Communist Party of India (MarxistLeninist). Initially the movement had its centre in West Bengal. In later years, it spread into less developed areas of rural central and eastern India, such as Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh through the activities of underground groups like the Communist Party of India (Maoist).[5] For the past 10 years, it has grown mostly from displaced tribals and natives who are fighting against exploitation from major Indian corporations and local corrupt officials. In 2006 India's intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing estimated that 20,000 armed cadre Naxalites were operating in addition to 50,000 regular cadres[6] and their growing influence prompted Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to declare them to be the most serious internal threat to India's national security.[7] In February 2009, the Indian Central government announced a new nationwide initiative, to be called the "Integrated Action Plan" (IAP) for broad, co-ordinated operations aimed at dealing with the Naxalite problem in all affected states, namely (Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal). Importantly, this plan included funding for grass-roots economic development projects in Naxalite affected areas, as well as increased special police funding for better containment and reduction of Naxalite influence in these areas.[8][9] In 2009, Naxalites were active across approximately 180 districts in ten states of India.[10] In August 2010, after the first full year of implementation of the national IAP program, Karnataka was removed from the list of naxal affected states.[11] In July 2011, the number of Naxal affected areas was reduced to (figure includes proposed addition of 20 districts) 83 districts across nine states.[12][13][14] In December of 2011, the national government reported that the number of Naxalite related deaths and injuries nationwide had gone down by nearly 50% from 2010 levels.[15]

NAXAL PROBLEM IN INDIA

The term Naxalites comes from Naxalbari, a small village in West Bengal, where a section of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On May 18, 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless.[16] The following week, a sharecropper near Naxalbari village was attacked by the landlord's men over a land dispute. On May 24, when a police team arrived to arrest the peasant leaders, it was ambushed by a group of tribals led by Jangal Santhal, and a police inspector was killed in a hail of arrows. This event encouraged many Santhal tribals and other poor people to join the movement and to start attacking local landlords.[17] Charu Majumdar, inspired by the doctrines of Mao Zedong, provided ideological leadership for the Naxalbari movement, advocating that Indian peasants and lower class tribals overthrow the government and upper classes by force. A large number of urban elites were also attracted to the ideology, which spread through Majumdar's writings, particularly the 'Historic Eight Documents' which formed the basis of Naxalite ideology.[18] In 1967, Naxalites organized the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR), and later broke away from CPM. Violent uprisings were organized in several parts of the country. In 1969, the AICCCR gave birth to the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI(ML)). Practically all Naxalite groups trace their origin to the CPI(ML). A separate offshoot from the beginning was the Maoist Communist Centre, which evolved out of the Dakshin Desh group. The MCC later fused with the People's War Group to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist). A third offshoot was that of the Andhra revolutionary communists, mainly represented by the UCCRI(ML), following the mass line legacy of T. Nagi Reddy, which broke with the AICCCR at an early stage. During the 1970s, the movement was fragmented into disputing factions. By 1980, it was estimated that around 30 Naxalite groups were active, with a combined membership of 30,000.[19]

2002 The People's War Group (PWG) intensified its attacks against politicians, police officers, and land and business owners in response to a July ban imposed on the group by the Andhra Pradesh government. The government responded by tightening security, allegedly ordering attacks on suspected PWG members by state police and the "Green Tigers". Police forces continued to have virtual impunity for the killing of PWG rebels during police encounters. The Maoist Communist Center rebels intensified their armed campaign against Indian security forces following the killing of their leader by police in December. .. 2003 The conflict in Andhra Pradesh intensified as Naxalite rebel groups, in particular the PWG, continued guerrilla attacks on police and government targets while the security forces stepped up counter-insurgency efforts. An October assassination attempt on Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu was consistent with the PWGs practice of targeting government officials to draw attention to their cause. 2004 Sporadic, low-intensity fighting between the PWG and government forces continued for most of the year. Attacks on police and TDP party officials, believed to be carried out by the PWG, accounted for most major incidents and deaths. A three-month cease-fire, announced in late June, led to failed negotiations between the government and the PWG. A few days into the cease-fire, an attack attributed to the PWG placed the cease-fire in jeopardy. 2005 Violent clashes between Maoist rebels and state security forces and paramilitary groups increased following the breakdown of peace talks between the PWG and the state government of Andhra Pradesh. Rebels continued to employ a wide-range of low-intensity guerrilla tactics against government institutions, officials, security forces and paramilitary groups. For the first time in recent years, Maoist rebels launched two large scale attacks against urban government targets. Fighting was reported in 12 states covering most of south, central and north India with the exception of Indias northeast and northwest. 2006

Maoist attacks continued, primarily on government and police targets. Civilians were also affected in landmine attacks affecting railway cars and truck convoys. Clashes between state police and rebels also resulted in deaths of members of both parties, and civilians that were caught in the crossfire. Fighting differs from state to state, depending on security and police force responses. In the state of Andhra Pradesh, security forces have been somewhat successful in maintaining control and combating Maoist rebels. The other state that is most affected, Chhattisgarh, has seen an increase in violence between Maoist rebels and villagers who are supported by the government. 2007 Fighting continued between Naxalite Maoists and government security forces throughout the year. The majority of hostilities took place in Chhattisgarh, which turned especially deadly when over 400 Naxalites attacked a Chhattisgarh police station, seizing arms and killing dozens. Civilians are now wedged between joining the Maoist insurgence or supporting the Salwa Judum and face coercion from both sides. In November 2007 reports emerged that anti-SEZ (Special Economic Zone) movements such as the Bhoomi Uchched Pratirodh Committee in Nandigram in West Bengal, which arose after the land appropriation and human displacement following the SEZ Act of 2005, have joined forces with the Naxalites since February to keep the police out.[53] Recently, police found weapons belonging to Maoists near Nandigram. 2008 Civilians were most affected in the ongoing fighting between Maoist rebels and government security forces. Of the 16 states touched by this conflict, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were the most affected. One positive note for Chhattisgarh was that fatalities, although still high, were significantly down from 2007. Similarly, Andhra Pradesh, the state with the most Maoist activity a few years ago, has improved security with a corresponding drop in fatality rates. Unfortunately, as conditions have improved in Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh, the Maoist forces seem to have shifted their operations to the state of Orissa where conditions have worsened. 2009 In September 2009 India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh admitted that the Maoists had growing appeal among a large section of Indian society, including tribal communities, the rural poor as well as sections of the intelligentsia and the youth. He added that "Dealing with left-wing extremism requires a nuanced strategy - a holistic approach. It cannot be treated simply as a law and order problem." In the first half of 2009, 56 Maoist attacks have been reported.[54] 2010 During February the Silda camp attack killed 24 paramilitary personnel of the Eastern Frontier Rifles in an operation the guerillas stated was the beginning of "Operation Peace
8

Hunt", the Maoist answer to the government "Operation Green Hunt" that was recently launched against them.[55] On 6 April, Naxalite rebels killed 76, consisting of 74 paramilitary personnel of the CPRF and two policemen. Fifty others were wounded in the series of attacks on security convoys in Dantewada district in the central Indian state of Chattisgarh.[56] The attack resulted in the biggest loss of life security forces have suffered since launching a large-scale offensive against the rebels.[56] On 17 May, a Naxalite landmine destroyed a bus in Dantewada district, killing up to 44 people including several Special Police Officers (SPOs) and civilians.[57] On 28 May the derailment of a KolkataMumbai night train killed at least 150 persons. Maoists were responsible for the sabotage which caused the disaster.[58] On 29 June, at least 26 policemen are killed in a Maoist attack in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh.[59] On 29 August, a joint team of BSF and district police was attacked by the rebels in Bhuski village (Chhattisgarh) under Durg Kondal police station in the district while they were conducting routine search operations in the wee hours. Following the attack, the forces retaliated and in the action they lost five security personnel, including three BSF jawans.[60] On 29 and 30 August, rebels ambushed a joint paramilitary-police team in Bihar, killing 10, wounding 10 more, taking 4 prisoners and robbing more than 35 automatic rifles from the state forces.[61][62] The Naxalites later freed 3 of the policemen after Naxal leader Kishenji met with worried family members.[63] On 12 September, Naxalites killed 3 policemen and took 4 more hostage in an ambush in Chhattisgarh. The 4 policemen were later released without conditions after Naxal leaders listened to the appeals of family members. The freed policemen also promised the Naxals to never take up arms against the insurgency again.[64][65] On 5 October, rebels killed 4 Police officers as they were on their way to a market in Maharashtra.[66] On 7 October, Naxalites attempted derailment of Triveni express, a train of Singrauli-Bareilly route, by removing 4 fishplates and 42 sleeper clips.[67][68] On 8 October, Naxalites triggered a landmine in the border area between Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. The attack killed 3 Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) jawans, wounded 2 more and destroyed a military jeep.[69] 2011 During May, Naxalites killed and dismembered ten policemen, including one senior officer in the Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh area on the border with Orissa.[70] In June, the total fatalities of both the police and the paramilitary was 43.[71]
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On 21 July 2011, Maoist rebels in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh blew up a bridge, killing four people and wounding five others. The attack happened when the Congress party chief of the state, Nand kumar Patel, was returning from a party function.[72] Despite the continued violence in 2011, the most recent central government campaign to contain and reduce the militant Naxalite presence appears to be having some success,[26] the 2011 toll of 447 civilians and 142 security personnel killed[26] having been nearly 50% lower than the 2010 toll. Some states experiencing this sharp reduction in Naxalite hostilities, such as Madhya Pradesh, attribute their success to their use of IAP funds for rural development.[73] 2012 In mid-March, Maoist rebels kidnapped two Italians in Orissa. They later released one, while the government of Orissa negotiated for the release of the second one.Maoist released the second hostage on the mid April. The MLA of Laxmipur consituency (Odisha/orissa) Jhin Hikka is abducted by Moist in March.Maoist demanded the release of 30 Maoist cadres (who are in jail now) in exchange to free the MLA.Odisha Govt. is negoting with the cadres by the help of arbitrators to free the MLA.<[74] On March 27, an explosion blamed on Maoists killed 15 Indian policemen in Maharashtra.[74]

10

MEASURES TO CONTROLE OVER NAXALISM

The government has constituted an 'Empowered Group of Ministers' to counter the problem of Naxalism headed by the Home minister and select chief ministers25. The government under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), 1967 amended in 2004 has banned the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) - People's War and all its associated formations, and the Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) and its front organizations.26 The government has also constituted a Task force which will comprise of Nodal officers from the Naxal affected areas and officers from the IB, SSB and the CRPF.27 There is also a Coordination Centre that was set up in 1998 headed by the Union home minister with Chief Secretaries and DGPs of the Naxal affected areas for the coordination of steps taken to control Naxal activities28. The government has laid down a clear plan to tackle the left wing extremism. It has formulated a two pronged strategy to solve the problem of Naxalism. Law and Order approach Modernizing the Police Force The government has launched a Police Modernization Scheme in areas affected by Naxal movements. Under this scheme huge sums of money have been provided to the state governments by the central government to modernize their equipment and tactical gear including latest communication, vehicles and infrastructure facility. States have also been told to determine police stations 30 and outposts that are susceptible to Naxal attacks and have to be fortified.29 Due to increased use of IED by the Naxalites and the increased number of casualties the government has decided to provide the forces with Mine Protected Vehicles (MPV). Central Para Military Forces have been deployed on a long term basis by the government to help the state governments to fight against the Naxals. The states have also been relieved from paying the charges involved in deploying these forces for about 3 years which nearly is about Rs.1100 crores. The government, also to discourage the youth from the path to militancy, has revised the recruiting guidelines to permit 40% recruitment in Central Para
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Military Forces from areas affected by Naxalism30. The government has also raised a special force of 14,000 personnel consisting of Central Paramilitary Forces, state police and exservicemen from areas affected by Naxalism31. At present 36 battalions of Central Para Military 33 Forces are deployed in Naxalite affected areas.32 The government, to strengthen the security network in the states, has set-up the Indian Reserve (IR) battalions. These forces along with providing additional security provide youth with employment opportunities. The Centre has also raised the amount provided to each battalion to Rs.20 crores from the previous Rs.13 crores.33 In April 2006, the government authorized the formation of nine more Indian reserve battalions of 1000 35 personnel each.34 In order to ensure that the activities by the Nepalese Maoists don't affect India, SSB has been deployed along the Indo-Nepal border. They have been given a massive fund of Rs.444 crores for their modernization.35 The revision of the Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme in 2005 which included many security related items which were not included in the Police Modernization Scheme like insurance scheme for police personnel, community policing, expenditure incurred on publicity to counter propaganda of Naxalites, rehabilitation of the Naxals who surrender and the level of imbursement which 37 was raised from 50% to 100%.36 Presently 76 districts in 9 states which are badly affected by Naxal activities are covered in this scheme.37 Plans have been set in motion for the formation of three to four specialized Anti-Maoist Centres at critically important locations at inter-state boundaries which will be equipped with five helicopters each and would be manned by the CRPF and the pilots would be called from the Army/BSF/Air Force. The use of UAV's for reconnaissance missions and collection of intelligence from Naxal affected areas has been authorized by the Centre. Ex-servicemen have also been called for the formation of an auxiliary force which will primarily be supervising the work of detecting mines and explosives laid by Naxalites. Around 4,800 exservicemen have already joined the fight and an expected 5,000 are expected to join. The government of Chhattisgarh started the Counter Terrorism and Jungle Warfare College in Kanker imparts training to counter the well trained and motivated guerrilla force of the Naxals, where police personnel are given rigorous training in guerrilla warfare and are made to live in the open and taught how to live off the land. Even the Army who as such are not very interested in getting themselves dragged into tackling Naxalism have been training 16 companies of paramilitary and state personnel in counter Naxalism operations.38 States have also established their own special security force like Andhra Pradesh has formed the Greyhounds which are said to be one of the most effective police force to combat the Naxal problem and the government of Uttar Pradesh has also raised a battalion of the Provisional Armed Constabulary 40 consisting of the local youth.39 Even the Central government has formed the COBRA which is a special force formed to deal with Naxalism in any state. Social Integration approach:
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Social Economic Development The government started the Backward Districts initiative in 2003-2004 and the Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) under which 55 of the worst affected areas in 9 states were to be provided with funds to the tune of Rs. 2475 crores to tackle the problem of Naxalism. Around 250 districts have been included the BRGF scheme to accelerate socio-economic development in these districts which is to be administered by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.40 Various state governments have allocated funds to the areas affected by Naxalism. The government of Bengal allocated Rs.50 crores for the underdeveloped rural areas of the state. A separate fund of Rs.5 crores was set aside for Paschimanchal comprising of 74 blocks of Bankpura, Purulia, West Midnapore, Burdwan and Birbhum districts. They also created a separate department for Paschimanchal development to expedite the implementation of poverty42 alleviation programs.41 The government of Karnataka also allocated special funds for development in villages affected by Naxal activities. Grama panchayats were provided with Rs.10 lakhs a year for two years to develop the villages within their jurisdiction. Other grants from the government, zilla and taluk panchayats were also included to be used in the development of these villages.42 The government also requested the planning commission to include other Naxal affected areas under the Scheme of Backward Regions Grant Funds for which Rs.5000 crores have been set apart.43 The government of Chhattisgarh has also announced houses worth Rs.1 lakh and employment to the kin of who got killed in the Maoist violence and the Jharkhand government increased the insurance amount to be given to the kin of jawans to 21.5 lakhs 45 from the 10 lakhs.44 Various schemes launched have been launched by the government like the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) which offers tremendous opportunities for rural road connectivity. For certain districts affected by Naxalism which have a population of 500 and above in plain areas and 250 and above in tribal areas 3 years perspective plans are being formulated to cover all habitations. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP) is being implemented in 330 districts affected by Naxalism so as to universalize the demand-driven programme for wage-employment. Other schemes which are in addition to the above mentioned schemes are Bharat Nirman, National Rural Health mission (NRHM), Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and other income generating and social security schemes of the Ministry of Rural Development, Agriculture, Panchayati Raj and Tribal affairs. The central government will also provide 100 percent assistance in the formation of Ashram schools and hostels for girls and boys in 46 tribal areas.45 States like Jharkhand and Orissa have offered huge incentives to the Naxals who surrender themselves. Further, the government has offered cash equivalent to the price of the weapon surrendered. They will provide them with life insurance cover, vocational training, agricultural land, health and 47 educational facilities for their children.46
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THE LAW MADE BY GOVERNMENT REHABILLIATION AND RESETTALMENT POLICY , 2007 The main aim of this act is to minimize the displacement of people and to promote nondisplacing or least displacing alternatives.47 The Government issued a rehabilitation policy on 11 0ctober 2007 for the easy displacement of people who lose their land for industrial growth. Under this policy land in change for land will be given, job prospective to at least one member of the family, vocational training and housing benefits including houses to people in rural areas and urban areas will be some of the benefits.48 FOREST RIGHTS ACT,

The Scheduled Tribe and Other Traditional Forest dwellers (Recognition of forest Rights) Act 2006 or the Forest Rights Act recognizes the rights of the scheduled tribes and forest dwellers who have been living in the forests for years but their rights have still not been recognized.49 The Ministry of Environment and Forests has also allowed use of 1 hectare of land for nonforest purposes and conversion of kutcha roads into pukka roads.50 Chhattisgarh Special Public Securities Act, 2006 This bill provides definition of unlawful activities, declaring an organisation unlawful, formation of an advisory board wherever the state government feels the need for its establishment, procedure of the formation of the advisory board, action of the advisory board, penalties viz punishments even for not committing a crime, the power to notify a place being used for unlawful activities and taking occupation of such place thereof and revision/bar against intervention by the courts.51

14

LIST OF NAXAL AND MAOIST PARTY IN INDIA

Centre of Indian Communists Communist Ghadar Party of India Communist Party of India (Maoist) led by Muppala Lakshmana Rao -- result of the September 2004 merger of the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCC) and the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War, also known as the People's War Group (PWG) Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist) Communist Party of Bharat led by Barnali Mukherje Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Naxalbari led by Rauf Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti led by Koora Rajanna Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti led by Ranadheer Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti led by Chandra Pulla Reddy Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Bhaijee Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Prajashakti Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Praja Pratighatana Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Prathighatana Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) led by Mahadev Mukherjee Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Central Team Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal) led by Kanu Sanyal Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation led by Dipankar Bhattacharya Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag led by Unnichekkan

15

Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy led by Chandra Pulla Reddy and Yatendra Kumar Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Somnath led by Somnath Chatterjee Ukhra and Pradip Banerjee Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Shantipal Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Jan Samvad Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Nai Pahal Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Proletarian Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Maharashtra Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Organizing Committee Communist Party of United States of India Communist Revolutionary Centre Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) led by Satyanarayan Singh and Santosh Rana Communist Party Reorganization Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist) Marxist-Leninist Committee led by K. Venkateswar Rao Re-organizing Committee, Communist League of India (Marxist-Leninist) Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Revolutionary Communist Unity Centre (Marxist-Leninist) Lal Jhanda Dal Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) (D.V. Rao) Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Ajmer group)

16

FIELD WORK

NAME :******* AGE:46 STATE:JHARKHAND

Q: ACCORDING TO YOU ,WHO IS YOUR ENEMY? A: Only those person who cheats with us. Q: WHY DONT YOU TAKE HELP FROM GOVERNMENT? A: They dont listen the poors , thats the reason is why we do our own decision. Q: BUT NOW GOVERNMENT HAS GIVEN MANY RIGHTS TO THE TRIBALS AND POORS. WHY DONT YOU USE THAT RIGHTS? A: No body helps us and now Im happy what im doing ,they will understand only this language. Q: DO YOU THINK BY DOING THIS WORK YOURS FAMILY FUTURE WILL BE SECURED? A: yes they are happy , I get good amount by doing this, and I am also not doing anything wrong . Q: WHAT DO YOU WANT FROM THE GOVERNMENT? A: equality with everyone. Q: BUT THIS HAS BEEN PROVIDED SINCE OUR INDEPENDENCE? A: But we poor dont feel anything like that.
17

NAME:****** AGE :36 STATE :JHARKHAND

Q: ACCORDING TO YOU , WHO IS YOUR ENEMY? A: no body our enemy .,we do only those work which is given us as a task by our head to do and that can be of any thing. Q: WHICH KIND OF WORK YOU DO? A: I have told u that can be of any type. Q: IS THAT WORK IS ILEGAL? A: I dont know . Q:DONT YOU AFFRAID OF POLICE? A: They knew everything , and they also dont disturb us ,and we are not afraid of any one. Q: DO YOU USE THE ARMS AND WEAPONS? A: not all the time ,in some cases,. Q: I WANT TO ASK YOU ONE THING THAT IS ,,,,,DO YOU LIKE THIS WORK ? AND PLEASE BE HONEST. A: No nobody in this world want to do this work, but if I will not do this work than me and my family will suffer. Q: ARE YOU BEEN FORCED TO THIS WORK?
18

A: no , but some how yes. Q:CAN YOU PLEASE ELABORATE THIS SETATEMENT? A: Please I dont want to say about this. Q:OK ,THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND ONE THING I MUST SAY YOU THAT PLEASE STOP THIS WORK , YOUR SOCIETY MEMBERS ARE ALSO AFRAID OF YOU? A:I will try .

NAME:***** AGE:41 STATE :JHARKHAND

Q: WHAT WAS THE MATTER THAT YOU ARE IN JAIL? A: I m here to meet with my friends.

END NOTE

^ http://www.mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292 ^ http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/terrorist_outfits/Janashakti.htm ^ http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/terrorist_outfits/PWG.htm ^ "Cops nail China link with Naxals". The Times Of India. 2011-10-08. Retrieved 201112-31. Times of India describes new findings of China ISI links to Naxal movement. ^ Ramakrishnan, Venkitesh (2005-09-21). "The Naxalite Challenge". Frontline Magazine (The Hindu). Retrieved 2007-03-15.
19

Philip Bowring Published: TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 2006 (2006-04-18). "Maoists who menace India". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2009-03-17. ^ "South Asia | Senior Maoist 'arrested' in India". BBC News. 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2009-03-17. ^ "Special project for Naxal areas to be extended to 18 more districts". The Times Of India. 2011-12-08. Retrieved 2012-01-02. Times of India describes some details of ongoing nationwide Naxalite containment program, its "Integrated Action Plan". ^ Co-ordinated operations to flush out Naxalites soon The Economic Times, February 6, 2009. ^ Handoo, Ashook. "Naxal Problem needs a holistic approach". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 2009-08-08. ^ "Karnataka no longer Naxal infested". The Times Of India. 2010-08-26. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/centre-to-declare-more-districts-naxalhit/812671/ ^ http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69078 ^ "Development plan for Naxal-hit districts shows good response". The Times Of India. 2011-06-23.
ab

ab

"Historic low in terror, Naxal violence". 2012-12-31.

-12-31.

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^ "Sixty five dead after 'sabotage' derails Indian train". British Broadcasting Corporation. 28 May 2010. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Naxals-ambush-kill-26-CRPF-men-inChhattisgarh/Article1-564984.aspx ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/naxals-kill-5-security-personnel-in-encounter/129827-3764.html?from=tn ^ http://sify.com/news/maoists-kill-10-security-men-in-bihar-news-nationalki4suddbjbj.html ^ "Combing operation launched to trace kidnapped policemen". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2010-08-31. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Kishenji-visits-cop-s-kin-assures-release/Article1596475.aspx ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hEgcaxywQ2PAWQMP8ajE_UmEn qwQ ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/After-12-days--Maoists-release-4-abductedcops/690843 ^ http://sify.com/news/maoists-kill-four-maharashtra-cops-news-national-kkflufaichf.html ^ http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4445152&pgnew=false ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/naxalites-hold-lineman-hostage-remove-fishplates/693982/ ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Landmine-blast-leaves-three-ITBP-jawans-dead-inChhattisgarh/Article1-610063.aspx ^ "Indian Maoists 'kill and dismember' 10 policemen". BBC News. 2011-05-24. ^ "Indian Army Raises the Stakes in Its War Against the Maoists". TIME. 2011-06-27. ^ www.bbc.co.uk ^ "MP govt claims positive change in Naxal-hit areas". 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-02. Deccan Chronicle reports success of IAP in Madhya Pradesh.
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CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

Naxalites are not terrorists, naxalites are citizen of our country ,and they are fighting for their needs and demanda but the mode is unacceptable, justice should be given to one and all and by all these measures the naxal problems have been decreased. The threat of naxals of 510 police stations has decreased to 372. The government is ready to talk with the naxalites if they surrendrs . These innovative steps will reduce the naxalism and make them a part of main stream. The state has to do much more than plan counter-insurgency operations or support violent vigilante groups to suppress the Naxalite movement. After close examination of the historical and ideological origins of the movement, it is clear that the movement thrives on the dissatisfaction of the marginalized and alienates the population. The socio-economic perspective of Naxalism talks about how the rebel movement is shaped due to the failure of the institutional mechanisms and frameworks to deliver socio-economic justice. This article outlines the steps taken by the government, but concedes that it is not enough to over-emphasize the 'law and order' approach

Close examination of the movement will enable to understand that the marginalized take up arms only to break down the insensitive establishment, which has failed to deliver an egalitarian society. The Naxalite leaders may talk about 'deliverance of the proletariat from the neo-liberalist bourgeoisie, and the dawn of New Democracy', but such phrases mean little to the tribal and landless labourers who find themselves at the receiving end of state sponsored and non state-sponsored exploitation. They are in the battle only because of their disillusionment with the status quo. It is clear that there is a wide chasm between promises and their eventual deliverance. Until the government implements employment, poverty alleviation and land reform programmes, counterinsurgency measures cannot achieve much. Social justice and inclusive growth are the planks on which the government must build its programme. Only with consolidated efforts on the part of the legal and political framework socio-economic reforms can be implemented, and the problem of Naxalism tackled.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Naxalite Politics in India, by J. C. Johari, Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi, . Published by Research Publications, 1972. The Naxalite Movement, by Biplab Dasgupta. Published by , 1974. The Naxalite Movement: A Maoist Experiment, by Sankar Ghosh. Published by Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1975. ISBN 0883865688. The Naxalite Movement in India: Origin and Failure of the Maoist Revolutionary Strategy in West Bengal, 1967-1971, by Sohail Jawaid. Published by Associated Pub. House, 1979. In the Wake of Naxalbari: A History of the Naxalite Movement in India, by Sumanta Banerjee. Published by Subarnarekha, 1980. India's Simmering Revolution: The Naxalite Uprising, by Sumanta Banerjee. Published by Zed Books, 1984. ISBN 0862320372. Edward Duyker Tribal Guerrillas: The Santals of West Bengal and the Naxalite Movement, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1987, p. 201, SBN 19 561938 2. The Naxalite Movement in India, by Prakash Singh. Published by Rupa, 1995. ISBN 8171672949. Sailen Debnath, West Bengal in Doldrums, ISBN 9788186860342 Sailen Debnath, The Dooars in Historical Transition, ISBN 9788186860441 Sailen Debnath ed. Social and Political Tensions in North Bengal Since 1947,ISBN 81-86860-23-1

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