Straightforward ltering to phase demodulation by a Fourier normalized-fringe approach

R. Juarez-Salazar , C. Robledo-Sanchez, C. Meneses-Fabian, G. Rodriguez-Zurita, W. Guerrero Sanchez, and J. Gonzalez-Garcia Benemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla - Facultad de Ciencias Fsico-Matemticas rjuarezsalazar@gmail.com

Abstract
The fringe-pattern normalization method by parameter estimation is used to relieve the critical lters requirements in the Fourier transform method to phase demodulation. By the normalization procedure, the zero order spectrum is suppressed. Thus, the simple half-plane lter is sucient for the ltering stage.

Fourier normalized-fringe analysis

We consider a fringe-pattern modelled as I (p) = a(p) + b(p) cos[(p) + 2f p]. (1)

Phase demodulation
(3) leads to The Fourier transformation of I I () = C ( f ) + C ( + f ),

The phase distribution (p) is recovered through two stage: fringe pattern normalization, and phase demodulation by the standard Fourier method.

(4)

Introduction
The Fourier transform method is an important tool for fringe pattern analysis [1]. In this approach the carrier frequency is introduced in order to separates the desired 1 lobe from undesired zero and higher frequencies [2]. However, the spectrum orders are in general not well separated. This leads to an inecient ltering. In this work a fringe-pattern normalization approach [3] is presented to implement it for Fourier fringe analysis. With this proposal, the lter design is no critical because the normalization procedure deal to a zeroorder spectrum suppression. Thus, the overlapping of the zero-order lobe with the 1-order lobes is solved and the leakage spectrum is avoided.

where the zero order (the spectrum A() associated with Fringe-pattern normalization the background illumination a) is not present. The simWe consider the nite degree polynomial representation ple half-spectrum lter is sucient to carried out the of the parameters a and b. These polynomials are tted ltering procedure. to the fringe-pattern data. Thus, the fringe-pattern (1) After moving the selected spectrum lobe toward the origin of -plane, the inverse Fourier transform is calculated is normalized as [3]: to obtain the complex function c. Finally, the wrapped I a (p) = sat = cos[ + 2f p] (2) phase distribution w is obtained by I b = c exp[i2f p] + c exp[i2f p].

(3)

w (p) = arg c(p).

(5)

Simulation and optical experiments

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Conclusion
It was shown that the Fourier normalized-fringe analysis is a more advanced technique to phase demodulation. The fringe-pattern normalization method by parameter estimation was suggested. In this scheme, the spectrum leakage is avoided by the normalization procedure because the zero order spectrum is eectively removed. With this normalization approach, the ltering procedure is less critical; thus, even the simple half-plane lter is sucient. Moreover, the phase demodulation from a single fringe-pattern and real-time higher sensitivity evaluations are kept.

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Figure 1: Simulation results. (a) Background light, (b) modulation light, (c) phase distribution, (d) wrapped phase distribution. Phase demodulation using the half-plane lter in the standard Fourier transform (second row) and the Fourier fringe-normalized analysis (third row).

References
[1] Malacara, D., Servin, M., and Malacara, Z., [Interferogram analysis for optical testing ], Taylor & Francis Group, second ed. (2005). [2] Takeda, M., Ina, H., and Kobayashi, S., Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 156160 (Jan 1982). [3] Juarez-Salazar, R., Robledo-Sanchez, C., Meneses-Fabian, C., Guerrero-Sanchez, F., and Aguilar, L. A., Generalized phase-shifting interferometry by parameter estimation with the least squares method, Optics and Lasers in Engineering 51(5), 626 632 (2013).

Figure 2: Experimental results. Phase demodulation using the half-plane lter in the standard Fourier transform (rst row) and the Fourier normalized-fringe analysis (second row). (1st column) Fringe-pattern to be processed, (2nd column) Fourier spectrum, (3rd column) ltering, and (4th column) recovered wrapped phase.