Fire Risk Management

UNIVERSITY OF WALES
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANT OF FIRE RISK MANAGEMENT IN TAMESIS DOCK
ASHOK KUMAR PERUMAL (ST0008719)
MBA
UNIVERSITY OF WALES APRIL 2011
Supervised by Mr. Narinderjit Pangli
STUDENT ID - ST0008719
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Executive summary
How does risk management prevents the occurrence of fire in the Tamesis dock and how does it provides awareness to employees and customers. Risk management is a management that helps to manage the several risks associated to the organization. The several risks comprises financial-, marketing-, information and technology-, operational-, health and safety-, security- risk etc. The type of risk may vary from industry to industry. The current research work is focused on health and safety risk management, preferably fire and safety risk connected to the Tamesis dock. Tamesis dock is a Dutch-built barge (boat - 1933). After several years, it has been permanently moored on the River Thames and located between Vauxhall Bridge and Lambeth Bridge. At present, it is modified into pub and restaurant. The researcher identifies various possibilities of fire occurrence on the boat. The research data indicates the boat is at high risk of the fire occurrence and the severity of the fire would be very high. The research analysis creates an opportunity to discover various fire protective measures. The research conclusion provides appropriate mitigation to the Tamesis dock. The mitigation comprises installation of suitable fire safety devices in the premises and creates awareness among employees by arranging fire protective training from firefighter. The mandatory fire protective devices for the Tamesis dock are: manual fire alarm; fire and safety sign stickers; smoke alarm; fire blanket; and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. The fire protective training comprises alert procedure, evacuation procedure, demonstration of fire blanket and fire extinguisher. The main value of the research work is to provide awareness to the employees, customers and vendors. In other words, the implementation of risk management improves the business of Tamesis dock and the research work would provide standard protocol to Tamesis dock as well as it would be used for forecasting the fire risk. Besides, the current research work allows a scope for the future researcher on risk management in various aspects such as security risk.
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Acknowledgment
It is a wonderful opportunity to thank everyone who encouraged, assisted and motivated to write this dissertation successfully. There are few specific persons who initiated and helped for the dissertation from the initial stage to final stage. The specific and most important persons are Mr. Nithin Rai (The director of Tamesis dock), Mrs. Neema Rai (Tamesis dock - Manager), Mr. Narinderjit Pangli (supervisor), Mr. Lee McLaughlin (colleague), and Mr. Suresh T (former colleague). It is a great time to thank specifically, specially, significantly to one person and this dissertation would not be possible without the support and assistance of that person - Mr. Nithin Rai. It has been a real pleasure to work with them (Tamesis dock), and it has been very positive and innovate for this dissertation. In addition, Mr. Tony Surridge; Mr. Narinderjit Pangli; London School of Accountancy and Management College; and University of Wales are supported and guided for the MBA course and special thanks to them. Besides, it is a chance to thank - the London Fire Brigade team (Lambeth) for assisting on the risk assessment techniques. Once again, it is a pleasure to thank everyone and sincere blessings to everyone who motivated and supported for the whole period of the dissertation.
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Researchers biography
Ashok Kumar, Perumal graduated from University of Madras (Chennai, INDIA) in 2002 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry. Ashok started his career as a research analyst in food industry and invented organic cosmetic cream that uses to treat skin rashes. He didnt get any further opportunities to do research work, and he was decided to change his career into IT/KPO industries. He had employed into Intellectual patent office (Lapizs digital service) and worked as patent abstractor for UK clients. After a period of time, he had employed into Cognizant Technology Solution (IT Company) as HR executive. Besides, he had worked in Connecticut, USA for the same Company. Currently, he is pursuing Master in Business Administration from University of Wales at London, United Kingdom. Furthermore, he is working (part-time) as Administrator in Tamesis dock. Ashok has hope that he will get a professional job, after completion of MBA, successfully. The detailed researchers profile has been updated fully on his website - http://ashokkumarperumal.co.cc/
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PREFACE.. . ... A. CERTIFICATE PAGE .I B. DECLARATION ..II C. SUMMARY PAGE .III D. EEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.. ..2 E. ACKNOWLEGEMENT .3 F. RESEARCHERS BIOGRAPHY .....4 CHAPTER I..................................................................................................10 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:........................................................................................ 10 1.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Background:........................................................................................................ 10 1.3. Research aim: ..................................................................................................... 11 1.4. Research objectives:........................................................................................... 11 1.5. Research focus: .................................................................................................. 12 1.6. Company profile: ............................................................................................... 12 1.7. Importance of this research or research value:...................................................15 1.8. Limitation in research work:................................................................................15 1.9. Scope of the dissertation:....................................................................................16 1.10. Conclusion:........................................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER II.................................................................................................17 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: ...................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Risk management:............................................................................................... 17 2.2 Health and safety at work:...................................................................................18 2.4 Prevention of natural fire: ....................................................................................19 2.5 Importance of fire risk management:...................................................................20 2.6 Fire sources: ........................................................................................................ 21
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2.7 Risk Assessment................................................................................................... 22 2.8 Fire risk assessment at work:...............................................................................23 2.9 Limitation of automated risk assessment:............................................................24 2.10 Fire risk awareness: ........................................................................................... 24 2.11 Research gap:.................................................................................................... 25 2.12 Conclusion:......................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER III ...............................................................................................27 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:.............................................................................................. 27 3.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Research aim and objectives:...............................................................................27 3.3 Research questions.............................................................................................. 28 3.4 Data collection technique:....................................................................................29
3.4.1 Primary data: .............................................................................................................. 29 3.4.2. Secondary data:.......................................................................................................... 29
3.5 Inductive and deductive approach: .....................................................................30 3.6 Data collection design:......................................................................................... 30 3.7 Interview:............................................................................................................. 31
3.7.1 Interview design: ......................................................................................................... 31 3.7.2 Interview schedule:...................................................................................................... 32 3.7.3 Interview questions:..................................................................................................... 33 3.7.3.1 Kitchen / bar staff members:................................................................................. 33 3.7.3.2 Director / Manager:................................................................................................ 33 3.7.4 Interview limitation: .................................................................................................... 34
3.8 Questionnaires: ................................................................................................... 34

3.8.1 Questionnaires design:................................................................................................. 34 3.8.1.1 General areas: ...................................................................................................... 35 3.8.1.2 Critical areas:........................................................................................................ 35 3.8.1.3 Boat infrastructure:............................................................................................... 35
3.9 Customers and vendors:.......................................................................................36 3.10 London fire brigade:........................................................................................... 36 3.11 Sampling method: ............................................................................................. 36 3.12 Conclusion:......................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER IV................................................................................................37 4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION:..............................................................................................37 4.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Analysis of staff members perspectives:.............................................................38 4.3 Analysis of work areas:......................................................................................... 39
4.3.1 Kitchen area analysis:................................................................................................. 40 4.3.2 Bar area analysis:......................................................................................................... 40 4.3.3 Alcohol and gas storage:.............................................................................................. 41 4.3.4 Floor analysis:.............................................................................................................. 41 4.3.5 Engine room: .............................................................................................................. 41
4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
Risk Assessment - Work area findings:.................................................................42 Risk assessment graph:........................................................................................ 43 Electrical risk assessment ...................................................................................44 Boat floating ........................................................................................................ 45 Results of the fire risk analysis:............................................................................46
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4.9 Findings or determinations:..................................................................................47 4.10 Fire risk management:.......................................................................................47 4.11 Fire protection: .................................................................................................. 48
4.11.1 Active fire protection: ................................................................................................ 48 4.11.2 Passive fire protection:............................................................................................... 49
4.12 Fire safety devices for Tamesis dock:.................................................................49

4.12.1 Fire alarm:.................................................................................................................. 49 4.12.2 Fire assembly point: .................................................................................................. 50 4.12.3 Fire exit stickers: ....................................................................................................... 50 4.12.4 Fire and safety signs:................................................................................................. 51 4.12.5 No smoking sign:........................................................................................................ 52 4.12.6 Fire hydrant systems:................................................................................................. 52 4.12.7 Smoke alarm: ............................................................................................................ 54 4.12.8 Sprinkler system: ...................................................................................................... 54 4.12.9 Fire stop pillow:.......................................................................................................... 55 4.12.10 Fire blanket: ........................................................................................................... 55 4.12.11 Fire extinguisher: .................................................................................................... 56
4.13 Fire safety training:............................................................................................ 57 4.14 Limitations: ........................................................................................................ 57

4.14.1 Cost effective: ........................................................................................................... 57 4.14.2 Customers:................................................................................................................. 58
4.15 Conclusion:......................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER V.................................................................................................59 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:................................................................................59 5.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................... 59 5.2 Conclusion or recommendation: ..........................................................................60
5.2.1 Importance of risk management: ................................................................................ 60 5.2.2 Effectiveness of risk management:............................................................................... 60 5.2.3 Fire risk areas in the boat: ........................................................................................... 61 5.2.4 Fire protective device:.................................................................................................. 61 5.2.4.1 Lower deck: .......................................................................................................... 62 5.2.4.2 Middle deck: ......................................................................................................... 63 5.2.4.2 Upper deck: .......................................................................................................... 64 5.2.5 Fire and safety awareness training:.............................................................................. 65 5.2.5.1 Alert procedure:.................................................................................................... 66 5.2.5.2 Evacuation procedure:........................................................................................... 66 5.2.5.3 How to use fire blanket:......................................................................................... 68 5.2.5.4 How to use fire extinguisher:................................................................................. 69
5.3 Limitation: ........................................................................................................... 70

5.3.1 Customers and vendors: .............................................................................................. 70
5.4 Recommendation for future:................................................................................71

5.4.1 Scope for future research:............................................................................................ 71
CHAPTER VI................................................................................................72 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY:............................................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER VII............................................................................................... 76 7. APPENDIXES:................................................................................................................. 76 7.1 Appendix A:.......................................................................................................... 76
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3.8.1.1 General areas ....................................................................................................... 76 3.8.1.2 Critical areas......................................................................................................... 77 3.8.1.3 Boat infrastructure................................................................................................ 77
7.2 Appendix B:.......................................................................................................... 79

3.9.1 Customers information:............................................................................................... 79
7.3 Appendix C:.......................................................................................................... 79

4.3.1.1 Kitchen area analysis:............................................................................................ 79
7.4 Appendix D:.......................................................................................................... 80

4.3.1.2 Bar area analysis:.................................................................................................. 80
7.5 Appendix E:.......................................................................................................... 80

4.3.3.1 Alcohol and gas storage:....................................................................................... 80
7.6 Appendix F:.......................................................................................................... 81

4.3.4.1 Floor analysis:....................................................................................................... 81
7.7 Appendix G:.......................................................................................................... 81

4.3.5.1 Engine room: ....................................................................................................... 81
LIST OF FIGURES.. ... 1.1 TAMESIS DOCK PICTURE AND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM.. ...11 1.2 THREE DECKS DIAGRAMS .12 3.1 DATA COLLECTION DESIGN ...28 3.2 INTERVIEW FLOWCHART. ...29 4.1 RESPONDERS DETAILS ......38 4.2 RISK ASSESSMENT GRAPH. .40 4.3 FIRE RISK ANALYSIS GRAPH. ...43 4.4 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS ...45 4.5 FIRE ASSEMBLY POINT.. ...46 4.6 FIRE EXIT SIGN.. ...46
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4.7 FIRE AND SAFETY SIGNS ...47 4.8 NO SMOKING SIGN ....47 4.9 FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM. 48 4.10 SMOKE ALARM.. .....49 4.11 SPRINKLER SYSTEM ....49 4.12 FIRE STOP PILLOW ...50 4.13 FIRE BLANKET. ..50 4 14 FIRE EXTINGUISHER.. ..51 5.1 LOWER DECK - SAFETY DEVICES INSTALLATION AREAS.. 56 5.2 MIDDLE DECK - SAFETY DEVICES INSTALLATION AREAS.. .56 5.3 UPPER DECK - SAFETY DEVICES INSTALLATION AREAS.. ..58 5.4 FIRE EVACUATION PROCEDURE ..59 5.5 FIRE EXTINGUISHER .61 LIST OF TABLES ... 3.1 INTERVIEW TIMETABLE .......30 4.1 RESPONDERS DETAILS. .......35 4.2 RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE ...39
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4.3 ELECTRICAL RISK ANALYSIS. .....41 4.4 FLOATING RISK ANALYSIS. ......42 4.5 FIRE RISK ANALYSIS TABLE. ....43 LIST OF VIDEOS ... 4.1 Fire exit video ..46
CHAPTER I
1. Introduction and objectives:
1.1 Introduction: The major purpose of this chapter is to provide a detailed explanation of research aim and research objectives. The introduction chapter also explains about the research background, which includes historical data related to risk management; research focus; and the value of the research or importance of the research work. The company profile (Tamesis dock Bar and restaurant) has been described in this part. Besides, it permits to discuss about few limitations in research and other scopes for future research work. The conclusion of the research work would provide specific mitigation for Tamesis dock. 1.2. Background: In 1970s and 1980s, there was a lack of significant knowledge on the risk management among companies. However, there were few banking industries managed their risks related to currency saving, mortgage, interest rate, loans, etc., by
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using risk management technique. Even though the other industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, food, engineering, automotive, retail, etc., did not focus on the risk management during 1980s (Michel, Dan and Robert, 2006). After a period of time, everyone in the industries and businesses initiated to understand the importance of the risk management and awareness. Since, each industry or company has its unique risk factors or hazards in their work environment or business (Donald, 2008). Nowadays, all organizations have an exclusive unit to manage their risk. It is known as a risk management team. The team identifies the possibilities of risk and severity of risk in the organization using companys historical data. Besides, the team also identifies external threats by applying risk assessment techniques (Christopher, 2001). The risk management can be enforced into any types of industries or domains. However, the current research work has been aimed on health and safety aspects (preferably fire occurrence). The reason is that the health and safety features are involved in any kind of companies and business. Ultimately, the risk management controls the risks that lead to prevent losses of money. For example - the few aspects include financial risk, retail risk, marking risk, etc. However, the health and safety risk management controls the risk that leads to prevent money losses and also used as a lifesaver (prevent damage to the properties and save human life during fire occurrence). 1.3. Research aim: The aim of the research is to prevent the occurrence of fire in the boat (Tamesis dock) by implementing risk management; and create fire awareness to the employees and customers. 1.4. Research objectives: The research work has various objectives to achieve the aim of the research. The each objective has its own question and answer, which are followed.
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1. Identification of the possibility of fire risk areas in the Tamesis dock. The identification is carried out by conducting an interview with employees, those who work on that particular area. 2. Analysis of identified areas to find out the severity of the fire risk, by using fire risk assessment techniques. The analysis is accomplished by collecting answers for specific risk questionnaires. 3. Examination of the information from questionnaires and interview. The examination permits to understand the severity and possibility of fire risks in the Tamesis dock. 4. Investigation of different fire safety methods and test the selected fire safety measure in the Tamesis dock. 5. Implementation of the selected and suitable fire safety measures on those specified areas in the Tamesis dock. 6. Education of various fire extinguisher devices to the staff members and provide training for the usage the fire extinguisher devices. 7. Creation of awareness to the customer, vendor and employees, by providing proper fire safety instructions. 8. Introduction of risk management into the team or management to monitor the risk at a regular period of time. 1.5. Research focus: The researcher is currently working in the Tamesis dock. Therefore, the research work is focused on the Tamesis dock. The researcher felt that there are various possibilities of fire occurrence in the boat. Hence, he started his research work to identify the possibility of fire occurrence and severity of risk; and determine the fire risk measures by using risk management. 1.6. Company profile:
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Tamesis dock is a Dutch-built barge (1933). In 1900s, Tamesis dock was called as The English maid. Tamesis is a Greek name and it is an ancient name of River Thames. The dimension of Tamesis dock comprises 30 meters length and 5 meters width. After several years, Tamesis dock has been permanently moored on the River Thames and located between Vauxhall Bridge and Lambeth Bridge (South East London). Tamesis dock provides good views of London eye, Parliament houses, to the customers. The picture of Tamesis dock and diagrammatic figure are shown below.
Figure 1.1: Tamesis dock picture and schematic diagram. The old Dutch-built barge (boat Tamesis dock) is converted or modified into pub and restaurant. Tamesis dock is a small pub and restaurant. The director of Tamesis dock is Mr. Nithin Rai and the Manager is Mrs. Neema Rai (both are sibling).
Upper Deck
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After/rear open deck deck gas store Middle Deck
Beer store down ramp up ramp
ford open
After drinks Lower DeckCabin
Engine Waste bar spirit kitchen Room room toilets store
main deck below deck store
Figure 1.2: Three decks diagrams In an overall, Tamesis dock has adequate space, which occupies 200 250 customers. In Tamesis dock, there are more than ten employees are working and each employee has different shift timing. Tamesis dock is very busy pub and restaurant during weekends and holidays. Tamesis dock provides luxury aqua life to
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the customers with affordable price and also arranges live entertainment such as music, games, etc. Tamesis dock comprises three different decks including upper deck, middle deck and lower deck. The upper deck includes a rear open space, beer storage place, down ramp, up ramp, ford open deck and gas storage space. The middle deck comprises a cabin space, bar and main deck. The lower deck includes engine room, waste or pump room, toilets, spirit storage room, lower main hall, kitchen storage and kitchen. Each deck has its own risk factors on their areas. The schematic diagrams of these three decks are shown above. 1.7. Importance of this research or research value: The conclusion of this dissertation would provide proper mitigation for fire risk hazards in the Tamesis dock. This would reduce or avoid the possibility of fire risk and prevent the hazards in the Tamesis dock. The main value of this research work gives awareness to the employees, customers and vendors. In other words, the implementation of risk management improves the business of Tamesis dock. This dissertation would provide standard protocol to the Tamesis dock as well as it would be used for forecasting the fire risk. 1.8. Limitation in research work: In general, the limitation of research work concerns with different problems faced during the research time. The problems include reliable data availability, time limitation, collection of answers from customers, etc. The investigation through interview and questionnaire at Tamesis dock was not so comfortable. There are various difficulties challenged by the researcher as shown below. The scope of the research work has been narrowed because of time restriction. The researcher was planned to do research on risk management in various risks including information technology, security, health and safety, and financial domains associated to the Tamesis dock. Finally, researcher narrow down the scope into health and safety, for example, fire occurrence.
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The data collections from the employees are easier than the data collection from the customers. There are few customers are not comfortable for answering the questionnaires. There are few difficulties to get an interview appointment from London Fire Brigade for conducting fire awareness training session in the Tamesis dock. 1.9. Scope of the dissertation: The significant of this dissertation permits various dissertation scopes for the future researchers. The future scope comprises implementation of security devices such as a burglar alarm that prevents the theft in Tamesis dock, using the security - risk management. Besides, risk management also permits to implement an automated system or database for operation or finance. In other hands, there are more scopes to do research on risk management, which includes financial risk, market risk, operational risk, other health and safety risk, technology risk, etc. 1.10. Conclusion: The most important step in this dissertation is reviewing the literature that permits to understand about the risk management and current knowledge or related research work. It also gives an opportunity to know about different authors perspectives on the risk management in various fields. Next, the identification and implementation of suitable research methodology and analysis of specific or sample data would provide research mitigation or conclusion that answers for all research objective questions. The result of research objectives would achieve the aim of the research that gives appropriate fire mitigation to the Tamesis dock and also creates awareness to staff members and customers. Besides, this dissertation provides various scopes on the risk management for the future researchers.
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CHAPTER II
2. Literature review:
2.1 Introduction: The main objective of this chapter is to review the significant point associated to the present knowledge that includes hypothetical and practical findings related to the risk management. It also reviews the different authors perspectives on the risk management for health and safety field. This chapter provides various proofs that how authors discussed and explained about risk management. Besides, the literature review assesses the previous research work on the risk management in the health and safety field. The term risk is a probability of an event or action, which will cause a loss. Majorly, the outcome of the risk will leads to financial (money) loss. Risks are involved in all over the place including house, industries, businesses etc. Risk may be established in different ways, such as expectation, distributions, single probability of specific effects etc. Most preferably used are expectations. There is an effective ways of calculating risk. The researcher invented a risk calculation, by multiplying probability of accident for each sequence and effects of accidents for each sequence, over period of time. Where RP is risk probability, RS is severity of the risk and n is number of time. Risk = (RPn x RSn) 2.2 Risk management: The possibility of risk and severity of risk can be reduced by implementing the risk management. For example, the vehicles are insured to an insurance company. The insurance company takes the risks related to vehicles from the insured. As a result, the insured transfer or manages their risk to insurance company by paying the premium amount. The risk management comprises two stages or steps. The first step is the method of assessing, categorizing, and identifying the severity of the risk. The second step is the mitigation process that comprises control, reduce and monitor the probability of the event or actions. In other words, increase the probability of the
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realization. Health and safety risk management modifies the organizations to encounter their official responsibility to check safe and healthy functioning surroundings for their staffs and the management also alerts the organization, before the occurrence of the risk. In risk management, the most important factor is risk assessment that allows examining the probability of risk, which could happen in future. The risk assessments help to identify the severity of the risk and it provides possible measures to control or prevent the risk. All organization needs to know their possible risk in their work area and the severity of the risk. In that case, the risk can be avoided or prevented or reduced by applying standard protocol. It is called as risk management. The risk management has been classified into several types, which are based on the domains or fields such as architecture risk management, engineering risk management, sociology risk management, financial risk management, health and safety risk management, market risk management etc. The type of risks is different from one domain or field to another and the risks are unique in each domain, which needs to be managed by creating standard protocol. The standard protocol various from one domain to another, for example the risk analysis or assessment for financial domain differs from the risk analysis or assessment for health and safety field. However, in most cases, the final results of the risk will lead into loss or damage that associates directly to financial loss. 2.2 Health and safety at work: According to Furness and Muckett (2007), the safety risk management has been categorised into five key elements. The key elements are: prevention rules; risk control hierarchy; monitoring; safe systems and procedures for emergency. The authors explained serious prevention rules including avoiding risks, assessing the risks that cannot be avoided, combating the risks, adapting risk free techniques, replacing risky factors into non-risky or less risky factors, and providing awareness to the staffs. In risk control hierarchy, they have arranged few elements that comprise
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elimination, substitution, reduction, isolation and control. The monitoring and emergency procedure gives awareness to the staffs. The author Gohs had been investigated into several important incidents, which indicate poor or bad safety features as one of the main causal factors. The investigation and other information are systematically captured by using causal systematic testing tool. The testing tool has various limitations that cannot design to analysis active complexity of main incidents and safety features. According to author perspective, the creation of testing tools and other safety measures are not important. However, the author suggested that the identification of the possibilities of the bad safety features, assessment of risk involvement on the bad safety features, provide control measure for the bad safety features, and monitor continuously on the bad safety features (Goh, 2010). 2.4 Prevention of natural fire: Does risk management prevents abnormal fire risks (for example wildfire)? The Laughlin stated that the risk is a mixed statement of the probability, which causes damage and unfavorable effects from the damage. The wildfire causes abnormal flames all over the Western United States. It can harm the ecosystems and create unfavorable effects to the environment. The risk management is applied to reduce or minimize the wildfire and the author is recommended for pre-fire fuel treatment. The treatment reduces the risk of wildfire. However, this treatment causes its own environmental risks (Laughlin, 2010). According to Yue et al., there are 220,000 forest fire occurs in every year, according to historical data. Since 1950, there are approximately 700,000 forest fires have happened in China. The possibilities of the occurrence of fire cannot be avoided in forest. However, they have recommended the risk management technique to reduce, prevent and control the occurrence of the fire in forest. The risk management includes finding the risk, risk examination, assessment of risk and risk control (Yue, Feng, Jiang and Yang, 2006).
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The events of wildfire can be managed that requires various management objectives. The objectives include a high level of complication to make decision and uncertainty, increasing the possibilities, which information has been obtained from the historical data. The authors Wilson et al. reported three most important risk based factors, which determine the managing of wildfire events. The risk based factors are loss aversion, ignorance (in most case, the short term risk has been consider than the long term risk), and determination of control measures. The result of the research shows that making decision process to manage wildfire is much more important than managing risk only. There are various factors affect the decision to manage the risk, the factors are overconfident of historical data, individual attitudes, and fear to adopt new and relevant information to make decision. (Wilson, Winter, Maguire, and Ascher, 2010). 2.5 Importance of fire risk management: The fire risk management becomes essential for all business having any operations. All business has unique fire hazards that may cause major loss to the business. The fire risk management is primarily implemented to prevent the occurrence of fire and the fire risk management provides safe measure. The safety measure reduces and controls the risks of fire, where safety measures are fire or smoke detector and alarm, sprinkler alarm etc. The main purpose of the fire risk management is to provide significant protocol to manage fire. The objective is to make a point that there is no fire hazard in the premises. If there is any fire hazard in the premises, then provide preventive and control measure for the hazards by using risk assessment technique. The assessment needs to be updated at regular period of time, since the risk could changes, increase from past. The risks of fire need to be decreased to minimum. In addition, all staff members working in the premises need to be educated with guides to handle any type of risk during fire. Additional safety measure needs to be applied at specific premises, which contains flammable or explosive materials. There should be a standard and extra emergency procedure in those specific premises (Ricky Hussey 2010).
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The fire risk management can be applied in any places and any organization. Michael and Nigel (1993) investigated the implementation of fire risk management in psychiatric hospital. The purpose of the examinations is to reducing the risk in patients to a satisfactory level. The first steps starts with education or creation of awareness to all patients and hospital staff members. It has been found that the risk management and fire awareness trainings are mandatory for the hospital staff members. But there is no standard fire awareness education or schedule for the patients. The investigator found the information from the hospital staff member that one of chronic schizophrenia patients clothes had holes, caused by cigarette burns. The investigator concerned about patient safety and that patient could create risk to other patients. After investigation, the authors recommended to the hospital, that the fire awareness education and risk management training needs to be mandatory for the patients. In particularly, when patients are moving from one place to another, they need to be educated about fire extinguishers, fire procedures, escapes doors etc. The authors further recommended that the risk assessment for individual patients such as chronic patients and disable patents. 2.6 Fire sources: The authors Anderson et al. studied the historical data regarding fire and they identified that there are 48 percentage of fire occurred in companies or commercial buildings, by electrical imbalance. They have determined that the electrical imbalance caused by improper connection of cables and related to quality of cables. The electrical fire leads to loss of power supply and property loss in the premises. Most commonly, there are various acidic gases eliminate from fire. The authors investigated deeply about the acidic gases and identified that the PVC electrical cables produces acidic product such as hydrochloric gas, during fire. The hydrochloric gas or acid is strong acid and capable to destroy any kind of substance. The investigator experimented from a sequence of small and large scale type of power supply used in commercial buildings or companies. They have identified the results that there are two type of substance (inorganic and organic species) produced in the time of fire. The authors had been assessed the fire risk related to electrical supply
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and invented a new life cycle assessment method. This fire life cycle assessment method reports the life cycle of the electrical cables. The fire risk management provides an additional safety or control measures that allows for changing the electrical cable after their life cycle or life span. The measures prevent the premises from electrical fire (Anderson, Rosell, Simonson and Emanuelsson 2004). According to Splinter (2008), the fire safety educating course is how does fire occurs or starts. The answer for that question would provide an increased awareness of possible hazards. It also provides knowledge about how fire extinguishers work. There are three elements need to be identified in companies or any premises and it helps to understand the possibilities of fire occurrence. The three elements are flammable material such as fuel etc., heat and oxygen. The occurrence of fire can be reduced by the removal of these elements from the fire place. In other words, the elements are called fire triangle and it has been substituted recently from the industries as fire tetrahedron. The removal of flammable materials would stop the fire. The flammable material comprises fuel including kerosene or paraffin, diesel, petrol, oil, paint, plastics that produce toxic substance during fire, paper, alcohol, wood etc. The second important element is oxygen, lack of oxygen stops the fire and minimize the risk. The fire cannot ignite without the generation of heat. Water can be used to reduce the heat for some fires. However, water can increase fire in some instance because of oxygen in water (H2O). Therefore, it is significant to used correct type of extinguisher for different type of fires. 2.7 Risk Assessment The risk can be assessed in both quantitative and qualitative method. However, the author Vinnem interested to deal with quantitative way. The quantitative method comprises several steps comprising: identification of hazard related to risk; analysis of probability and causes; analysis of fortuitous scenarios; analysis of damage, consequences and impairment; analysis of rescue, escape and elimination; assessment of risk; analysis of health and safety arrangement; analysis of emergency system; and analysis of risk controlling and reducing measures (Vinnem, 2007).
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The organization or business has more than five staff members in their team and it is mandatory to carry out recognized health and safety risk assessment. The risk assessment helps to find out their important hazards. According to Hughes Phil and Ferrett Ed (2009), the risk assessment has been classified into more comprehensive manner. The broader assessment comprises identification of hazards in the organization, where the hazard could be anything that potentially cause harm to others, for example electrical devices, materials that catch up with fire easily, wet floors, lifting heavy material etc. After identification of hazards, find the people who directly work from the hazards such as staffs, customers, vendors etc. The risk assessments further comprises: estimation of the identified risks and assess the severity and probability of the risk; addition of resulted measure on a standard form; and supervision of the risk assessment frequently. The investigation had been carried out on qualitative fire risk assessment in hotel industries. The objectives of the investigation are to identifying the risk factors in hotel industries, eliminating fire hazards, and maintaining current legislation requirements. The author applied various research activities and identified a methodology or design for the risk assessment. The research activities comprise: identification of different fire factors (flammable materials), which create high risk in hotel industries; investigation of possible high risk places to fire in hotel industries, where the risk places include kitchen, storage area, etc.; exploration of functions of hotel managers to staff members for providing safe operation; explanation of the functions of fire safety examination and models of fire risk management; implementation of risk mitigation strategy to provide fire safety legislation in hotel industries; and creation of awareness from hotel managers to customers for achieving safe environment (Hassanain, 2009). 2.8 Fire risk assessment at work: The fire risk assessment at work has been classified into five steps. The fire risk assessment comprises: identification of fire hazards; identification of people or employee at risk; evaluation of the risks; record the findings; and review and revise (Castino and Harmathy 1982). The author Hirschler (1990) stated that the most of the
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companies use plastic pipe for water supply, electric pipe and sewage excretion. The plastic pipe is made of polyvinylchloride (PVC), poplypropylene (PP) and other plastic polymer that is flammable. Therefore, the assessment also considers the usage of plastic pipes at work. 2.9 Limitation of automated risk assessment: David Dean and Paul Barker (2002) invented questionnaires and computerized system for providing fire risk measures. The risk assessment has been carried out manually to find the severity of the risk of fire. The invention provides automated safety measure according to the severity of the risk. The automated risk assessment is accomplished for commercial premises, specific area or whole premises. The risk assessment comprises: recording the premises or specific area; determining the nature of the premises data; inputting the premises data or information into computer system; and using the data, the system compute the safety risk measure. The result of the fire safety risk assessment is used to determine the acceptability of the fire risk at specified premises. This risk assessment method avoids the necessity for some knowledge on the element of the information recording force in the relative implication of the various issues contributing to that result. The data and specific premises information are documented on a written questionnaire that has different shaded sections low level to high level. The shaded sections start from 4 to 8, where section 4 is the least risk factors and 8 is highest risk factors. However, the invention has various limitations that premises differ from one organization to another and questionnaires should not be the same for different organization in different geographical region. 2.10 Fire risk awareness: The international meeting has been arranged to discuss about the fire risk management and fire risk awareness in Latin America. The author Alice, Oshins (1995) reported that the conference provides an opportunity to share and exchange the various data from different countries about the fire risk management. The risk manager from Latin America stated that their country faces different problem such as
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lack of awareness of security and safety measure, deficiency of high cost or advance technology, insufficient, lack of standard risk management process in industries and most important need for fire risk management as business deal increases among the countries. The risk manager from Mexico explains that the risk management is significant position in any organization and it would focus on employees accidents, fire risk and liabilities. In addition, the Mexico president stated that the risk managements are a successful action in competitive environment. The employers should be aware about the fire safety measures and training courses. This activities enhance the fire awareness to employees, customers etc. The employer should be full responsible for firefighting tools and protective devices such as fire alarm, fire extinguishers etc. The author advised five important steps or points for employer about fire awareness. The five points comprises gathering all employees for awareness, conducting a speech by fire fighter, arranging fire extinguisher training program for employees, creating escape plan during emergency, and holding fire drills. These steps would give sufficient knowledge and awareness about fire safety measures (Rogers Henry 2010). 2.11 Research gap: The authors are clearly representing that the risk management could prevent the occurrence of fire as well as provide fire awareness to the employees. However, the there is a small gap between previous research from different authors and current research work. The previous research had been accomplished on different fire risk management in buildings and forest. But, the current research work is planned to achieve in the boat, which is moored on the River Thames. 2.12 Conclusion: There are various researches, investigations and theses have been accomplished by different authors from different countries. The result or conclusion of the research work shows that the risk management prevents the occurrence of fire. Besides, the risk management could control the occurrence of fire risk and also provides fire
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education or awareness to the employees, customers, vendors etc. The summary of the all authors research work indicates that the identification of possibility of the risk and the severity of the risk. The identified risk hazards need to be prioritized and the prioritization step various from one industry to another and one region to another. The next step is assessment, in which the prioritized risk has been assessed into different ways by using historical data and other standard fire management procedures. The risk assessment provides mitigation or preventive measure depending upon the severity of the risk. The mitigation or preventive measure includes installing fire extinguisher, fixing smoke or fire detector/alarm, placing sprinkler in house, companies or commercial buildings. The final and most important steps in risk management are fire training course and educate fire awareness to the employees and other related persons. The fire awareness course or training provides knowledge about how fire begins and spreads; describe the various types of fire that could occur in work premises; explain the necessary activities and duties, when the event of fire; understand the different kind of fire extinguishers; and knowledge of how to use the fire extinguishers. As a result, the fire risk management could prevent occurrence of fire effectively. Also, all authors stated that the risk management prevent fire occurrence and create awareness. However, there are few questions need to be answered. The research questions are followed. 1. Is the risk management important for small industry? 2. Does the risk management have any effective for the boat (Tamesis dock)? 3. What are risk areas that have fire hazards in the boat? 4. Is it mandatory to install all type of fire protecting device? 5. Is the fire extinguisher training and risk awareness courses required for all employees? and 6. How does it is possible to provide training to the customer and vendors?
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CHAPTER III
3. Research Methodology:
3.1 Introduction: The research methodology is a technique that is used to collect the ideas, assumptions, different applicable data, etc. The collected information should be relevant to current research work. The research methodology can be classified into two types quantitative research methodology and qualitative research methodology. The quantitative research methodology is a general scientific technique, which is used to evaluate the ideas of different people and different perspectives. It can be measureable, and it is called as quantitative data. This technique is used to collect relevant data for the research work or thesis, etc. The collection of data comprises collecting answers for structured questionnaires, and conducting interview by one on one or telephonic. This is a method extremely used for quantitative research (Wayne and Melville 2004). The qualitative research methodology is used to obtain detailed knowledge into particular matters, which affects human attitudes. It is also used to make a decision by using different people perspectives. This type of technique is mostly used in market research because it provides correct business decision using the current expectation among people. In this technique, the collection of data is different from quantitative data. It is based on unorganized interviews, feedback and recordings. The main purpose of this chapter is to collect the relevant information associated to fire risk in the boat. The data can be collected from a different way. However, the quantitative data collection provides more scope for the current research work. In other words, empirical technique is used for data collection in this research work. The empirical technique comprises observation, experiments, formal or informal interviews, and questionnaires. 3.2 Research aim and objectives:
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The aim of the research is to prevent the occurrence of fire in the boat (Tamesis dock) by implementing risk management; and create fire awareness to the employees and customers. The research has various objectives to achieve the aim of the research. The various objectives are followed. a. The possible risk areas need to be identified in the boat. The risk areas can be identified by conducting interview with employees in those particular areas. b. The severity of the risk needs to be analysed by using risk assessment techniques. c. The testing of different methods by using the risk assessment measures. d. The mitigation needs to be implicated according to the results of various testing. e. The training needs to be provided for the usage of various fire extinguisher devices. f. The creation of awareness to the employees and customer by providing proper fire safety instructions. g. The risk needs to be monitored at a regular period of time by risk management team or manager. 3.3 Research questions 7. Is the risk management important for small industry? 8. Does the risk management have any effective for the boat (Tamesis dock)? 9. What are risk areas that have fire hazards in the boat? 10. Is it mandatory to install all types of fire protecting device? 11. Is the fire extinguisher training and risk awareness courses required for all employees? and 12. How does it is possible to provide training to the customer and vendors?
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3.4 Data collection technique: According to Roger and Victor (2006), the data collection is the observation of any particular issues, analysis and recording the observed information. The observations are various from individual to another. However, the analysis of the observed information gives accurate data. There are various methods to collection data from the Tamesis dock. The methods include interview, questionnaires, observation comprising participant observation and non-participant observation, case studies, and diaries. The interview, questionnaires and participant observation (researcher) methods are applied to collect full and detailed information related to fire risk. The data collection is classified into two types, including primary data and secondary data. 3.4.1 Primary data: The primary data is collected or gathered at the time of the research work. The type of primary data has been varied depending upon the requirement of the current work. This type comprises: lifestyle such as personalities, interests etc.; opinions for example, feelings, preference, etc.; knowledge or awareness such as uses, price features, etc.; socioeconomic or demographic, for example, occupation, sex, age, income, etc. In general, the major resource for the research work is primary data. The major data collecting resources include survey method such as formal or informal interviews, questionnaire surveys etc.; and observation method such as a participant, notice etc. The primary data has various advantages and limitation. The primary data can be collected easily and quick, if the size is small (Dunsmuir and Williams 1992). The advantage of the primary data includes provide uniform and basic information, give original data and collect data from direct by interview or questionnaires etc. The limitation of primary data is that the large volume data cannot be gathered, and it takes times. It is challenging to get interview from corresponding individuals. 3.4.2. Secondary data: The secondary data is not gathered at the time of the research work. The secondary data can be collected by using various resources. The resources include: published articles, statistics such as housing, census social safety data, books for example
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theoretical work, analysis or report etc.; media such as documentaries; personal documents. It can be collected from the previous literature, interview or research work etc. The advantage of collecting secondary data is that it can be collected very easily; it saves time and more economical. The secondary data is used to get familiarity of the data, which prevents the gaps in the research work. It is also used to compare with primary data for the forecasting recommendations (Rajendar, 2008). The limitation of secondary data is lack of reliability of perspective. The published statistics regularly increases more questions, which is not required for the current work. Besides, the accuracy of data is unknown and the information may be old or outdated. 3.5 Inductive and deductive approach: According to Randall and James (2004), the inductive approach is accomplished on particular area in the Tamesis dock to disclose the possible risk gap; and the deductive approach is accomplished on general area to disclose detailed awareness. In current research work, both approaches need to identify the risk hazards. However, inductive approach needs to be used majorly for the Tamesis dock. 3.6 Data collection design: The current research work required both primary data and secondary data. The primary data collection allows to direct interview to the corresponding person who works in the risky areas in the boat. It also permits to get feedback or suggestion from the employees, those who work in those particular areas. This helps researcher to Kitchen Kitchen understand the severity of the risk and possibility of risk in those areas. Besides, the primary data collection method allows producing questionnaires for the customers about the risk. The secondary data is also used to understand current knowledge about the risk management in the boat. The interview would give direct or indirect DATA answers for the research questions.COLLECTION The schematic design has been created for the Bar / Alcohol Bar / Alcohol data collection as follows. distribution distribution Figure 3.1: Data collection design Tamesis dock management Tamesis dock management
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3.7 Interview: 3.7.1 Interview design: The interview creates an opportunity to interact researcher and Tamesis dock management including Manager and employees, verbally. The interview permits to prepare appropriate questionnaires for the next step and it provides direct and quick response (Wayne and Stuart, 2004). The voice, expression, or the way of answering would help researcher to understand more about the risk involved in the Tamesis Researcher Researcher dock. The important task is to get an appointment from each person in the Tamesis dock. The next is to engender interview schedule according to their availability and it is scheduled into four different days. The researcher has categorized a general hierarchy of flowchart for the research interview. This flowchart would help to arrange questionnaires according to their role. Junior staff Junior staff Senior staff Senior staff Manager Manager Director Director
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Subject 11 Subject
Subject 22 Subject
Subject 33 Subject
Subject 44 Subject
Subject 55 Subject
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Figure 3.2: Interview flowchart 3.7.2 Interview schedule: The researcher created a series of interview questions and these questions differs from one individual to another. In other words, the interview questions for kitchen workers and bar workers various from the manager and the director. According to Gillham (2000), the research interview is used to understand the relevant issues concomitant to the research aim. Besides, the author Gillham emphasize the interview create a standard and generic visual about research issues. The researcher prepared appropriate interview plan as shown below.
Name Subject 1
Position The director
Date 25/3/2011
Researcher comment
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Subject 2 Subject 3 Subject 4 Subject 5 Subject 6
Manager Bar employee Bar employee Bar / Kitchen staff Kitchen staff
23/3/2011 18/3/2011 18/3/2011 16/3/2011 16/3/2011
Table 3.1: Interview timetable. 3.7.3 Interview questions: The interview questions are very important to gather information related to fire risk from the Tamesis dock. Therefore, the questions need to be very clear, narrow and precise to research aim and objective. If the questions are unclear and broader then the answers will not mitigate the aim and objective. The interview questions instigated from the junior level staff to higher officer in the Tamesis dock. The different interview questions have been enumerated as below. 3.7.3.1 Kitchen / bar staff members: 1. What is the employee position, role and duties in the Tamesis dock? 2. In everyday, is there any risk involved in the kitchen / bar areas? 3. Have the staff member ever handled any fire crisis in the kitchen / bar areas? 4. Does the employee find any flammable materials in kitchen / bar and kitchen- / bar- storage areas? 5. Did the employee have fire evaluation training or other fire protection courses in the Tamesis dock? 6. Are there any fire protective device installed in the kitchen / bar areas? 7. What does the employee feel about fire risk in the Tamesis dock? 3.7.3.2 Director / Manager: 1. Does the Tamesis dock need fire risk management? 2. In the past, is there any fire accident occurred in the Tamesis dock?
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3. Does the Tamesis dock have any membership or estimation about London fire brigade? 4. How do manage the fire risk hazards in the Tamesis dock (boat)? 5. Does the Tamesis dock have any standard protocol during fire occurrence? 6. How do control the fire and how do assist the customers during fire incident? 7. How do maintain stock - more spirit or flammable materials in the bar storage room? 8. Did the Tamesis dock organise any fire evaluation training or other fire protection courses? 9. Is there any fire protective devices installed in the Tamesis dock? 10. Is the Tamesis dock has any strategy to implement risk management? 11. Would the management interested to get fire protection training from firefighters? 3.7.4 Interview limitation: The perspective of each interviewer differs from other person. Therefore, the interview questions and answers would differ that affect the research aim and objectives. The way in which the interview questions and questionnaires are developed can also effect in inaccurate answers. If interviewer knows interviewee personally or officially (such as colleague, friend, manager, and supervisor), it is easy and simple to collect the data during interview. Otherwise, the interviewee would hide or ignore some significant information that may be the key data for the research work. 3.8 Questionnaires: 3.8.1 Questionnaires design: John (1994) stated that the questionnaires designs are very essential portion for accomplishing effective research. In addition, the author John stated specific guidelines for developing a questionnaire as follows.
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The required information needs to be specified. The question needs to be directly or indirectly related to research aim (fire risk hazards). The question needs to yes or no type that reduces time, and very rarely detailed questions. The questionnaires should be validated and necessary correction needs to be made.
The subsequent step is preparation of questionnaires according to the feedback or answers from the interview. The questionnaires have been formulated after completion of all interviews with corresponding persons in the Tamesis dock. The advantages of questionnaires allow an option to answer at their suitable times, and it helps to get many respondents at a particular time. The questionnaires are developed into five areas based on the risk. The five areas include: general risks, infrastructure, standard protocol and training, detection or suppression system, and critical areas. The classification is based on the fire hazards in the Tamesis dock. The most significant questionnaires are and other secondary questionnaires are located in Appendix A (page no - 67). 3.8.1.1 General areas: The general area questionnaires comprise general questions associated with flood zone, flammable materials stored in the premises, fire department distance, and general awareness among the employees and the management. 3.8.1.2 Critical areas: The researcher noticed as a participant observer that there are various critical areas in the boat, and the possibilities of the fire occurrence are high on the critical area. Therefore, he has designed separate questionnaires for critical areas in the boat that will create alert to anyone in the premises. 3.8.1.3 Boat infrastructure: The boat infrastructure is most important information needs to collect from the management. It is not possible that the all employees in the Tamesis dock know about the complete infrastructure and free exits. Hence, the questionnaires
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associated to the boat infrastructure would give clear idea about the different possible exits and more fire hazards places. These questionnaires are designed for the Tamesis dock management. 3.9 Customers and vendors: It is most important to collection information from customers and vendors. Since, the fire will affect to customers without knowing the severity of fire risk in the boat, and cause major impact to them. This information might helpful to provide mitigation on customer awareness. The detailed data collection from customers and vendors has been located in Appendix B (page no 69). 3.10 London fire brigade: The data collection from London fire brigade is important to understand severity of the fire risk, and classify the fire risk hazards. The London fire brigade provides various fire safety directions, which would help to provide appropriate mitigation for the Tamesis dock. Besides, the London fire brigade offers free fire awareness instructions that would assists added advantage to the Tamesis dock for conducting fire safety awareness training. The London fire brigade provides different fire safety information and instruction, which will be discussed in the next chapter. 3.11 Sampling method: A technique of choosing appropriate or suitable sample data, it is called as data sampling (Johnson, 2009). In research methodology, the data sampling is a significant process. The whole research work depends on the selected data. It is called as key information for the dissertation. The main advantages of data sampling are to reduce the cost and collection of data is faster. It helps to identify the mistake since the data are smaller and help to improve the quality and accuracy of the data. However, the current research work does not required sampling, because the Tamesis dock is very small company consisting 5 to 10 employees. 3.12 Conclusion:
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This chapter provides detailed knowledge about research techniques and design. In current research, the quantitative techniques and few design comprising interview, questionnaires and participant observation are applied to find out the fire risk, hazards in the Tamesis dock. Besides, this chapter allows direction to analysis the fire risk and provide appropriate conclusion for the fire hazards. The researcher collected information from London fire brigade that provides fire awareness. The research interview contributes major portion to identify mitigations for the research aim and objectives, and it originates better understanding about the fire risk and identify the requirement for fire awareness in the Tamesis dock. Besides, the questionnaires give added information to empathize detail about the fire hazards in the Tamesis dock. The combination of interview and questionnaires would help researcher to make answers for the research questions. Also it will create an opportunity to interact with management that allows researcher to suggest or recommend mitigation. As a result, the research methodology: collect the data from the Tamesis dock employees and management to identify the possibilities of fire risks; and gathers information from London fire brigade to identify severity of fire. These identifications permit a direction for further research analysis and findings in the next chapter.
CHAPTER IV
4. Findings and discussion:
4.1 Introduction: This chapter is classified or focused into two major sections that include analysis of findings and discussion. This chapter allows an opportunity to: analysis the data received from research techniques such as interview answers, participant observations and questionnaires answer; derive or find different possible solutions; and discussion the different solution for suitable mitigation for fire hazards in Tamesis dock. In the findings and discussion chapter, the researcher has chance to write his perspectives by applying current knowledge from literature review. The analysis is
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totally based on statistical information, questionnaires, participant observation and interview used for research data collection. The risk assessment and risk analysis have been accomplished to find the possibility and severity of the fire. The critical areas are identified in the Tamesis dock by using risk assessment from collected research data. The appropriate fire preventive measures are categorized from various fire safety measures. The fire preventive measures are gathered from the London Fire brigade. The participant observation data provides major support to find and discuss fire risk in the Tamesis dock. Besides, the researcher has scope to more critical areas in the Tamesis dock. As a result, this chapter gives clear analysis of collected data and gathers desirable information to conclude. 4.2 Analysis of staff members perspectives: The analysis of staff members perspectives is carried out from collected data such as questionnaires and interview feedbacks. Each staff member has different opinion about fire risk and hazards in the Tamesis dock. The researcher distinguish the staff members answers, feedbacks and opinions based on their work place, for example the data from chef and kitchen assistances are categorized into kitchen area. There are totally 10 staff members and management that includes researcher (participant observation), are responded for the survey in various work areas in the Tamesis dock. Therefore, the sampling data is not required for this research work. The survey responders details have been demonstrated below.
Survey - responders details Work Area or Place Kitchen staff members Bar staff members Number of employees 2 4 Percentage 20 % 40 %
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Floor staff members Management
2 2
20 % 20 %
Table: 4.1 Responders details.
The below pie chart will give the graphical representation of responders (staff members) in different areas.
Figure 4.1 Responders details 4.3 Analysis of work areas:

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The analysis of each work area is focused to establish better understanding of the fire hazards and its severity. Each area has its unique risk of fire and different anonymous hazards. The researcher distinguished the work areas into five areas that comprise kitchen, bar, alcohol-, and gas- storage; floor; and engine room. 4.3.1 Kitchen area analysis: The data collected from the kitchen staff members are the vital source for the analysis. The analysis permits to identify the risk of fire in the kitchen. The analysis result is demonstrated that the kitchen area has more flammable materials. The flammable materials comprise cooking oil, gas, paper and plastic boxes, wooden frames, uncovered electrical cables and freezer compressed with gas. The severity of the fire would be high due to the large portion of flammable materials placed in the kitchen. Besides, there is no fire preventive device such as fire extinguisher, placed in the kitchen. The most important information is encountered that the chef and kitchen staff members are unawareness about the fire risk. The detailed data collected from chef and kitchen assistance have been located in Appendix C (page no 68). 4.3.2 Bar area analysis: The researcher had chance to collect significant information from the bar staff members. The data shows various type of alcohol, spirits, gas cylinders, wooden boxes, and other flammable materials, are placed in front of the bar area. Also, there are numerous people (customers) wait in front of bar to collect the drinks. The analysis is indicated that the bar area has more risk of fire; and the bar staff members and customers are intimately associated to fire risk without knowing the awareness of fire hazards. The severity of the fire would be high due to the alcohols. There is no fire preventive device placed in the bar area. It has been established that the bar staff members (four employees) are unaware of fire risk in the Tamesis dock and ignorance of fire safety education or training. The bar attender and bar staff members answer and feedbacks have been situated in Appendix D (page no 69).
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4.3.3 Alcohol and gas storage: The management and staff members are answered that the Tamesis dock bar is very busy every four days (Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday) in a week. Therefore, the alcohols, and other spirits and gas cylinders are stocked in separated alcohol and gas storage room, which is located very close to the customers seating area (floor area). The severity of the fire would be extremely high because of gases, spirits, and other alcohols. There is no fire extinguisher and other fire protective device installed inside the storage room or entrance of the room. The comments and collected data are updated in Appendix E (page no 69). 4.3.4 Floor analysis: The lower dock and middle dock - floors are covered by wooden frame and painted. The tables, chairs, sofas and other customers seating places are formed by wooden material, leather, cotton, clothes and other flammable materials. The most essential information has been gather from the bar attender that there are few customers smoke inside the Tamesis dock (boat). The severity of the fire will not be high. However, the fire majorly affects the customers. It indicates the ignorance of smoking awareness inside the boat. Besides, there are no fire extinguisher and fire protective devices placed in the floor area. The floor analysis and collected data are located in Appendix F (page no 70). 4.3.5 Engine room: The participant observer (researcher) had an opportunity to check the engine room of the boat (Tamesis dock). It has been established that the boat engine is not working and rusted. However, there are few old fuels such as diesel, gas cylinders, paint tins and other flammable materials are placed inside the engine cabin. The severity of the fire would be high due to the old fuels, gases and other flammable materials. There is no fire safety device in the engine room. There is no access or permission to anyone to enter into the engine room, apart from the director of the Tamesis dock. The elaborated engine room feedbacks and answers are placed in Appendix G (page no 70).
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4.4 Risk Assessment - Work area findings: The analysis of each work area is indicated that there is more possibility of fire occurrence in the boat at different premises. The severity of fire is different from one work area to another. In general, the boat is at high risk of fire and severity of fire. Besides, the analysis is demonstrated that there is lack of fire awareness among the staff members, management and customers. The possibility of fire occurrence and the severity of fire have been converted into percentage to represent in a graph. The conversion is accomplished by computing the weightage of feedbacks and answers from the responders. The risk assessment of work area comprises consolidation of each work area analysis (Appendix C, D, E, F and G). The following table represents the conversion and risk assessment.
Summary - work area risk assessment table Total Number of responders 2 4 2 4 2 1-NR 1-NR 1-NR 2-NR 1-NR 1-NR Risk range (RW) 1 -VL 2-L 3M 4-H 1-NR 2-NR 5VH 1-NR 1-NR 2-NR Percentag e 90 % 80 % 100 % 25 % 60 %
Work premises
Kitchen Bar Alcohol storage Floor (common) Engine room
Table: 4.2 - Risk assessment table The above table clearly shows the percentage of fire risk in each premise in the Tamesis dock. The researcher categorized the fire hazards from very low risk to very high risk. The feedbacks, answers and participant observations are structured into risk range, which includes very low risk (VL), low risk (L), medium risk (M), high risk (H) and very high risk (VH). The risk range is represented into numerical order (from 1
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to 5). Each number has a weightage such as 1 = 20; 2 = 40; 3 = 60; 4 = 80; and 5 = 100. Therefore, it is very easy and simply to do the risk assessment. The researcher invented a formula to compute the fire risk percentage as follows.
Formula 4.1 (NR x RW) 1 + (NR x RW) 2 + (NR x RW) 3 + (NR x RW) 4 + (NR x RW) 5 TNR
Where, NR is number of responder answered under each risk range; RW is risk weightage such as 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100; calculation as follows.
0 + 0 + 0 + (1 x 80) 4 + (1 x 100) 5 2 Therefore, the percentage is 90 % (180 / 2)
15
represent risk range; and TNR is total
number of responder in each work premises. For example Kitchen premises
4.5 Risk assessment graph: The detailed analysis of the possibility of fire occurrence and the severity of fire are represented in graph, which is totally based on the weightage of fire risk in different work premises. The red colour indicates the severity of fire risk and the percentage shows the possibility of fire occurrence. The green colour is not considered into risk. However, the risk assessment graph shows the combination of green and red colour. Therefore, the all work premises in the Tamesis dock are exposed into fire risk.
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Figure 4.2 Risk assessment graph 4.6 Electrical risk assessment The researcher is analysed the electrical risks in the Tamesis dock based on the feedback and answers from the responders. The responders are answered that there are various electronic devices using in different premises in the Tamesis dock. The electronic devices include machines such as toaster, grill, electric frier, kettle, microwave oven, dishwasher, coffee maker, and refrigerators; sparking lights; electronic music system; and other electronic devices. In addition, responders are pointed out in the questionnaires that there are many uncovered electronic connection exists in the various premises.
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The participant observer (researcher) is encountered that there are few uncovered electric cables hanging on the walls. There are several possibilities of catching fire in the premises due to contact of two uncovered electric connections or cables. The severity of electric fire is more dangerous to the Tamesis dock and it affects majorly to employees and customers. The researcher argued that the impacts of all uncovered electrical areas are at high fire risk. Whether, if it is in bar, storage room, kitchen or floor area; and the impact and severity of the fire risk will be high. Therefore, the occurrence of fire related to electrical risk, represented as 100 percentage in all uncovered areas. The elaborated data and electrical risk assessment have been demonstrated as below.
Electrical risk analysis Responder Bar staff members Chef and kitchen assistant Participant observer Bar attender Uncovered areas Bar and storage room Kitchen and storage room Bar and kitchen Floor Impact High High High High Percentage 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Table 4.3: Electrical risk analysis 4.7 Boat floating The researcher noticed that the Tamesis dock (boat) is moored on the wall of the River Thames and it will not move. However, the boat will float on the River Thames, when the water level of the river gets increased. There are two times in a day, the water level will get increased on the river. During that time, all things (comprising alcohol bottles, kitchen machines, tables, sofas, glasses, and other movable
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materials) will start to move or shake. It is very common for the employees and the management but it has very dangerous fire risk. The Tamesis dock stores more flammable materials including gases, fuels, oils, paper, wood, alcohol, uncovered electric connections and other flammable stuffs, all over the premises. There is more possibility of catching fire in any place in the boat because of floating. This floating or movement allows an ignition of fire by the collision of flammable materials. The responders are all agreed and answered that there are more flammable materials stored in different places and it will starts to shake during the movement of the boat. Therefore, the impact of the fire risk would be high in the boat and represented into 100 percentage as follows.
Floating risk analysis Responder Bar staff members Chef and kitchen assistant Participant observer Bar attender Flammable materials All areas Kitchen and storage room All areas Most areas Impact High High High High Percentage 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Table 4.4: Floating risk analysis 4.8 Results of the fire risk analysis: The analysis of each work area or premises has its unique fire hazards such as kitchen oil and gases; bar and storage room alcohol, gases and spirits; engine room diesel, paint and varnish; and floor wooden table and other paper works. Besides, the possibilities and the severities of the fire are various from one pace to another. However, the overall impact of the fire occurrence will be very high in the
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Tamesis dock. As a result, the researcher is typified that the fire occurrence causes damage to the properties (boat), injury to employees and customers and loss of money. Besides, the researcher is uttered that it is mandatory to install the fire safety devices in the Tamesis dock. The overall fire risk has been analysed for Tamesis dock and it has been represented as below.
Fire risk analysis S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Average % Work area % 90 80 100 25 60 71 100 100 Electrical % 100 100 100 100 Floating % 100 100 100 100
Table 4.5: Fire risk analysis table graph 4.9 Findings or determinations:
Figure 4.3: Fire risk analysis
The analysis results are demonstrated very clearly that the Tamesis dock is at high fire risk and anonymous about the occurrence of fire. The researcher is observed the fire risk situations and aiming to enforce the risk management in the Tamesis dock. The risk management focus the risk related to the business and the Tamesis dock company; and the management provides mitigation to overcome from the risk situation. In risk management, the researcher is aimed into fire risk. 4.10 Fire risk management:
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Robartalex (2010) stated that the fire risk management is compulsory for property holders for designing and applying the fire safety processes to reduce the risk of fire in the premises. The role of fire risk management is to establish appropriate fire risk assessments and implement the fire preventive mitigations. The significant of fire risk management identify and update the fire hazards at different period of time. Since, the fire hazards may change or increase over a period of time. In general, the fire risk management reduce the fire risk and saves the life and properties (money). The fire risk management provides various methods to prevent the occurrence of fire and provides awareness to employees and the customers. In this way, the fire risk can be managed or reduced in the Tamesis dock. The various methods include: installing fire protective devices comprising fire extinguisher, fire blanket, fire bucket with sand, smoke detector or alarm; and sticking fire awareness figures and instructions. The fire risk management also help to provide the fire awareness training, to employees and the customers. 4.11 Fire protection: The fire risk management permits to document the fire hazards and its corresponding mitigation. It is called as fire protection manual or procedure, which is used to update new fire hazards. The manual provides fire exit notice, which should be fixed on the wall. The fire protection has been classified into active fire protection and passive fire protection. The both fire protections are important in different ways. 4.11.1 Active fire protection: The active fire protection is a significant portion in the prevention of fire occurrence. It is defined as devices that alter or initiate the fire occurrence. It is otherwise called as fire awareness systems. The active fire safety devices include fire alarm, manual call point, false alarm, hydrant systems, smoke alarm, fire sprinkler, sprinkler system, fire alarm system, and fire alarm control panel (David, 2004).
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4.11.2 Passive fire protection: The passive fire protection creates a division in the buildings to prevent the spreading of fire from one premise to another. The division may include fire resistant walls, windows and doors. This fire protection is used to control the severity of fire. The passive fire safety devices comprise fire stop, intumescent, fire stop pillow, fire proofing, fire extinguisher, compartmentation, endothermic, fire door, stair wells, and fire resistance rating (Thomson, 2002). 4.12 Fire safety devices for Tamesis dock: There are various fire safety devices are available and it is used to prevent the occurrence of fire. However, each one of the device has its unique function and properties to protect the fire. The researcher is aimed that the Tamesis dock required the combination of active and passive fire safety devices. The researcher is explained very particular about the function and significant of each safety devices as follows. 4.12.1 Fire alarm: The device is designed to identify the occurrence of fire in the premises, linked by with monitoring changes temperature alarm including automatic fire alarm and manual fire alarm.
Manual fire alarm Automatic fire alarm
combustion. In other words, a system warns or produces fire alert sound, during the occurrence of fire. This fire alert help to evacuate the customer and employees The researcher is focussed into automatic fire it alarm will system because from the Tamesis dock. The fire alarm helps to avoid major damages to the boat. There are two types of fire
intimate the fire very quickly.
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Figure 4.4: Fire alarm systems 4.12.2 Fire assembly point: The most important information is fire assembly point. The employees and the customers in exit the need to know In fire The Figure 4.5: Fire assembly point about the fire assembly point Tamesis guide point. dock. to identification of fire safe place to assemble in the boat is very important. occurrence of the fire, the fire path assembly
assembly point is very safe place, where the people can be gathered. The
4.12.3 Fire exit stickers: The fire exit stickers need to be fixed on the walls of the Tamesis dock and it permits to escape from fire to safer place (fire assembly point). It is economical and has during significant function importance of fire exits and assembly into fire safe place. The internet connection is required to view the fire exit video and double click on the image to view. Otherwise, click on the below image to view the video (direct.gov.uk).
occurrence of fire. Always, the two plans (plan A and plan B) or fire exits need to be designed in the buildings. The fire exit video has been attached demonstrate and it about will the
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dg_ 1 80389.m pg
4.12.4 Fire and safety signs: Alexander (2011) stated that the fire and safety signs help to save the life of the people in the premises, during the occurrence of fire. In fire risk management, the fire and safety signs are essential. It is cost effective. There are various fire and safety signs are available and each sign has different signal or meaning. There is few fire and safety signs are placed in the figure 4.7. The compressed gas sign needs to fix in the bar place and gas storage in the alcohol storage room in the the boat. The electrical sign should be fixed beside uncovered electrical connections areas on the wall. The flammable sign should be fixed on the wall, for example paint and diesel.
Video 4.1: Fire exit (note: internet connection is required to view the video)
Figure 4.6: Fire exit sign
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Figure 4.7: Fire and safety signs 4.12.5 No smoking sign: It is another important sticker needs to stick on the wall of different areas on the boat. It will give a notice that the smoking in the specified areas is an illegal or offence. The no smoking sign provide awareness to the customers and it will of reduce fire the by Figure 4.8: No smoking sign 4.12.6 Fire hydrant systems: Fire hydrant systems comprise hose pipe, which permits water to run from main water source with the operation of the values in order to place out a fire. In
occurrence
smoking. It is cost effective, simple and easy to implement on the Tamesis dock.
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1700s, the fire hydrant are constructed underground in Asia and Europe as shown in figure 4.9; and in 1800s, it has been changed into construction of over ground fire hydrant system. In United State of America, the fire hydrant is called as fire plug or Johnny pump. (Frederic, Agnes, John, 2009). There various required and The components to construct are fire
hydrant for both over ground underground components hydrant. include
water source, hoses, pipes, main hydrant unit, coupling, brass nozzle and post indicator. In most of the buildings preferred to use over ground hydrant. Since, it is easy to to maintain and simple to construct, when compare underground hydrant. It is very expensive and most effective for fire fighting. There are various modification needs to done to install the fire hydrant system on the Tamesis dock.
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Figure 4.9: Fire hydrant system 4.12.7 Smoke alarm: A smoke alarm is a system, which observes smoke and generate or alert sound called smoke different alarm. types There of are smoke buildings. There are various connections of overhead pipes and nozzles linked into the sprinkler system. It is more expensive. It is a significant safety measure for all commercial buildings. The main advantage of the system is that it automatically detects the fire by change in temperature. It needs to be maintained or checked at regular period.
alarms are available in the market to detect smoke. The smoke alarm helps to identify the starting stage of fire occurrence and reduce the fire risk by alerting everyone in the boat. It is cost effective. The smoke alarm can be monitored by local or central system. The smoke alarm is connected management to fire it risk is team;
called as local monitoring system. In central monitoring system, the smoke alarm is connected to the fire department (fire brigade). 4.12.8 Sprinkler system: A sprinkler system is a device that release water automatically with increase in temperature in the floor or
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Figure 4.10: Smoke alarm
Figure system
4.11:
Sprinkler
4.12.9 Fire stop pillow: Fire stop pillow is a passive fire safety device. It is used to prevent the fire by placing the pillow on the holes in the wall. The fire stop pillow comprises non- combustible materials such as fibre cement and fibre glass. It is cost effective. 4.12.10 Fire blanket: A fire blanket is fire protective device. It is mainly used to stop or prevent the initial stage of fire occurrence and it should be placed in the kitchen to stop small fire incidents. The fire blanket
Figure 4.12: Fire stop pillow
comprises a length of sheet, which is made up of fire resistant materials. It is easy to hang on the wall and cost effective. In the occurrence of fire, the fire blanket is used to
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cover the individuals body and escape from the fire. 4.12.11 Fire extinguisher: A fire extinguisher is an active fire safety device that reduces the fire. In general, the fire extinguisher is in the form of cylinders, which is filled with different agents comprising carbon dioxide, water, foam and dry powder. The different fire extinguishers with different agents are used for different fires as
extinguisher is used for fire caused materials fire fire. by such inflammable as is wood, not foam carbon
clothes and paper. The foam extinguisher Since, the The recommended for electrical extinguisher permits electric conductivity. dioxide fire extinguisher is used for most of the fires occurred materials by such flammable as oils,
diesels, fats, solvents and paints. It is also used to fight against the electrical fires. It is cost effective, easy and simple to install or hang anywhere in the buildings. In addition, the user required training about usage of different fire extinguisher for various fire occurrences.
Figure 4.13: Fire blanket
shown in figure 4.14. For example the foam fire

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Figure 4 14: Fire extinguisher
4.13 Fire safety training: The fire safety training is mandatory to all employees and the customers in the Tamesis dock. The fire risk management team should allocate proper schedule for all employees to undergo fire safety trainings. Besides, the fire risk management should conduct speech by one of the firefighters from Fire London Brigade. Therefore, the employees and management members will be aware about the fire; and get knowledge about usage of different fire protective devices. 4.14 Limitations: There are few disadvantages on the research determination. The researcher is named as three C (3C) comprising cost effective; customer; and computer programme. The detailed description of each C has been shown below. 4.14.1 Cost effective: There are few fire safety devices are expensive such as fire hydrant, sprinkler system, automatic fire alarm and central monitoring smoke alarm. The implementation of fire hydrant and sprinkler systems required modification of the construction of the
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boat. In addition, there are no safe places in the boat (Tamesis dock) to assembly, during fire occurrence. Therefore, the fire assembly point sticker is not required for Tamesis dock. 4.14.2 Customers: It is very difficult to provide fire safety training and create fire awareness among customers. Since, the customers come to have drink and relax. In addition, the customers are not the same people coming to the Tamesis dock. The fire awareness stickers such as no smoking sign; fire exits sign; and fire and safety signs would help for the customer but the fire protective trainings are insufficient.
4.14.3 Computer programme:

The authors Jouni and Olavi (1996) have investigated the fire safety risk on community centre building. They have assessed the fire hazards in the building and implemented a computer programme for fire. It is called as fire simulation program. The computer programme comprises various codes updated into all doors and windows in the buildings. On the occurrence of fire in any of the room or floor, the computer programme protects the nearest room, floor or compartments, automatically. In addition, the programme announce alert message all over the building. The fire risk analysis and the computer programme are suitable and effective for large buildings. However, this analysis and programme are not suitable for current research because there are no compartments, doors in the Tamesis dock (boat) and it is expensive. 4.15 Conclusion:
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This research analysis and finding chapter distinctly demonstrated that the Tamesis dock is at high level of fire risk. The possibilities of fire occurrence in the various premises in the Tamesis dock are high and the severity of the fire risk is also high. Besides, there is no fire protective devices are installed in the premises. There is lack of fire awareness among employees and the management. As a result, the researcher is aimed to implement few essential fire protective devices in the premises; and planned to arrange speech to the employees and the management, by fire fighter from Fire London Brigade. The conclusion and recommendation chapter will provide accurate mitigation for the Tamesis dock. The detailed scope for the future research work on the risk management will be explained in the next chapter.
CHAPTER V
5. Conclusion and recommendation:
5.1 Introduction: This chapter is categorized into two portions comprising conclusion and recommendation. This chapter creates an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of current research work. In conclusion part, the researcher provides suitable mitigation for fire risk in the Tamesis dock. The mitigations should achieve the research aim and research objectives; and it should provide answers for the research questions, which are raised in the literature review. In recommendation part, the researcher creates a direction for future research work on risk management in the Tamesis dock. The conclusion and recommendation should determine the benefits for the Tamesis dock.
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5.2 Conclusion or recommendation: The researcher aimed to conclude into six various sections, which are based on the research questions as follows. 13. Is the risk management important for small industry? 14. Does the risk management have any effective for the boat (Tamesis dock)? 15. What are risk areas that have fire hazards in the boat? 16. Is it mandatory to install all type of fire protecting device? 17. Is the fire extinguisher training and risk awareness courses required for all employees? and 18. How does it is possible to provide training to the customer and vendors? 5.2.1 Importance of risk management: The risk is all over the place and it is not related to small company or large industry. Each company has its own risk in their environment. The risk management is essential to all organization, to identify their weakness and provide adequate backup plans or mitigation. The risk management is one of the key elements in the business continuity plan and it helps to expand the business without any obstacles. In addition, the risk management creates a path to contribute new business in the organization. Therefore, it is very important to all industries including small company. 5.2.2 Effectiveness of risk management: The analysis of current research work has demonstrated that there various risk associated to the boat (Tamesis dock). The collected data from employees and management also pointed out that the Tamesis dock is at higher fire risk. In addition, the management
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didnt aware about their risk hazards. Thus, the risk management is mandatory and it has major effect for the Tamesis dock, to manage their fire risk and implement fire protective measures. 5.2.3 Fire risk areas in the boat: The research analysis is established that there various areas, which have fire hazards in the Tamesis dock. The various areas comprise lower dock, middle dock and upper dock. These dock includes bar, floor, kitchen and storage room. In the Tamesis dock, the level of fire risk, possibilities of risk and severity of risk is very high. The detailed fire risk level has been explained in the analysis and finding chapter. Besides, there are few uncovered electrical connections all over the premises and it could cause the fire. Therefore, the risk management is required to provide suitable fire risk preventive measures. 5.2.4 Fire protective device: In the research analysis and finding chapter, the researcher explained various types of fire safety devices. The significant and the function of each fire safety device various from other and it has been described in the previous chapter. However, the researcher suggested few fire safety devices for the Tamesis dock; and it is cost effective, suitable, and important fire protection. The concluded fire safety devices for the Tamesis dock and its importance as follows. 1. Manual fire alarm The fire alarm alerts to evacuate the customers and employees from the premises. The fire alarm helps to avoid major damages to the boat. 2. Safety notice or sticker (fire exit, fire and safety signs, and no smoking) The fire safety stickers need to fix various places in the premises. It will guide the customers
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and employees to escape from the fire and it will give general fire awareness. 3. Smoke alarm The smoke alarm helps to identify the starting stage of fire occurrence and reduce the fire risk by alerting everyone in the boat. 4. Fire blanket The fire blanket is very mandatory devices in the kitchen. It helps to stop the initial stage of fire occurrence. 5. Fire extinguisher (Carbon dioxide) The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is used for most of the fires occurred by flammable materials such as oils, diesels, fats, solvents and paints. It is also used to fight against the electrical fires. The above mentioned five fire safety devices are cost effective and it is mandatory to install or implement in the Tamesis dock. The other fire safety devices such as fire hydrant system and sprinkler device are very expensive and it is very difficult to implement into the small boat. Also, the risk management needs to monitor or check the fire safety devices at a regular period of time. The installation of fire safety devices in three different decks (lower deck, middle deck and upper deck) of the Tamesis dock as follows. 5.2.4.1 Lower deck: The lower deck is high fire risk zone in the boat and the five fire safety devices need to be installed in the lower deck in different places. The various components of the lower deck have been demonstrated in the figure 1.2. The manual fire alarm, safety sign sticker, smoke alarm, fire blank, and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher need to install as shown in the figure 5.1. The installation of fire safety sign stickers various from place to place.
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It has been established in numerical order including 1 represents electrical hazard and fire action stickers; 2 denotes no smoking and compressed gas sign stickers; 3 indicates gas, flammable liquid, and no smoking sign stickers; 4 means gas and liquid sign stickers; and 5 represents fire action and fire exits sign stickers. The detailed fire safety sign stickers are explained in the figure 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8.
Fire alarm
4 4 2 2 1 1
Extinguisher Smoke alarm Fire blanket Fire safety sign
3 3 5 5
Figure 5.1: Lower deck - safety devices installation areas 5.2.4.2 Middle deck: The middle deck is the medium fire risk zone in the boat. The different sections of the middle deck have been established in the figure 1.2. There are only four fire safety devices need to be installed in the middle deck. The schematic diagram represents
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the different fire safety devices in various areas in the middle deck.
1 1
3 3
Fire alarm Extinguisher
2 2
4 4
Smoke alarm Fire safety sign
Figure 5.2: Middle deck - safety devices installation areas The numbering of the fire safety sign stickers in the middle deck comprises 1 represents electrical hazard, flammable- gas, liquid, and fire action stickers; 2 denotes no smoking and fire exit; 3 indicates fire actions and electrical hazards; and 4 means no smoking and fire exit. 5.2.4.2 Upper deck: The upper deck is lower fire risk zone in the boat. The various parts have been explained in the figure 1.2. The upper deck
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requires only fire and safety sign sticker. The schematic diagram of the upper deck shows the installation of fire safety devices as below. The number 1 indicates fire action sign and electrical hazards sign sticker; 2 and 3 represents fire exit; and 4 shows flammable liquid and gas sign stickers. In addition, there are few emergency lights need to be installed in three decks.
1 1
4 4
Fire safety signs

2 2 3 3
stickers
Figure 5.3: Upper deck - safety devices installation areas 5.2.5 Fire and safety awareness training: The installation of fire safety devices will control the occurrence of fire but the knowledge of the usage of the fire safety devices would provide appropriate fire occurrence. Therefore, the fire awareness training is mandatory to all the employees in the Tamesis dock. The fire awareness training provides adequate
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knowledge about the different fire safety devices and its usages. The fire safety training should be accomplished by firefighter from London Fire Brigade. The fire awareness training comprises alert, evacuation procedure, usage of fire blanket and fire extinguisher. 5.2.5.1 Alert procedure: The fire alert is first step in the fire prevention procedure. If an employee or customers notice the occurrence of fire, fire alarm sounds so that individual can evacuate and the area is left clear. The fire occurrence is at very first stages (small size of fire and no bigger than the chair size) then the individual can attempt to extinguish the flame using carbon dioxide extinguisher and fire blanket can be used in the kitchen. If the fire occurrence has been suppressed, clear the combustible materials from the incident; communicate to the management and document the fire incident report. If the fire occurrence is high and not able to suppress, call to nearest fire department (the emergency number should be displaced on the fire action sign sticker) and start the evacuation procedure. 5.2.5.2 Evacuation procedure: The evacuation procedure must be attempted in the event of fire. The main aim of the procedure is the safety of the customers and the employees. This procedure needs to be monitored at regular period of time and understood by all employees. The evacuation procedure comprises three steps as follows. Step 1: In the event of fire on the premises, sound manual fire alarm and inform to most senior employees. Do not presume somebody is responsible for the evacuation procedure; everyone is answerable when they see the fire occurrence on the boat.
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Step 2:
Senior employee will engage critical personnel to
communicate emergency services, and then enforce the priority area evacuation plan. The priority area evacuation plan comprises executing the sound / music system; and announcing the safe evacuation and fire exit pathway. The senior employees need to announce first at high risk area including lower deck, second and third at low risk area and lowest risk area, respectively. The evacuation procedure demonstrates about the possible safe fire exit pathways by the announcement of senior employee. The people from lower deck, middle deck, and upper deck, need to be cleared within 1 2 minutes, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes, respectively. The schematic diagrams of evaluation procedure in three different decks have been displaced as below. Lower deck
Middle deck
3 2
Upper deck
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Figure 5.4: Fire evacuation procedure Step 3: Once the three decks have been cleared quickly and safely. The customers and the employee can assemble at fire assembly point. There is no proper assembly point on the boat. However, the rescued people can assemble at the street. It is called as fire assembly point. The senior employee should remain close (safe distance) to the entry to liaise with fire emergency services. 5.2.5.3 How to use fire blanket: The fire blankets are made up of non-flammable materials or fireresistant materials, which will not burn. The fire blanket is mainly used to cover on small fires or fire that is beginning to burn. It stops oxygen from fuelling the flames (fire requires oxygen to burn). Therefore, stopping the air supply can prevent fire occurrence. The fire blanket is suitable for electrical fires and fires occurred in the kitchen. The instruction of how to use a fire blanket has been shown below. Step 1: Check and make sure the blanket is exactly designed to be a fire blanket; and it is used for preventing the small fire occurrence. The picture of the fire blanket has been located in the figure 4.13.
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Step 2: Protect the hands, when using the fire blanket. The flames can scorch the arms and hands. Therefore, fold or roll up the shirt sleeves that will prevent catching fire. Wrap the corners of the fire blanket around the hands to prevent being burned. Step 3: The fire blanket needs to be placed or draped carefully over the fire; and check the blanket is covered fire occurred area. Make a point that there is no oxygen supply entering under the fire blanket. If the oxygen supply is cut off from the fire then within a few seconds, the fire should be out. Step 4: After fire stopped, leave the fire blanket to cool for 40 to 60 minutes. It is very important that do not touch any of the burnt materials, as they may still be hot. After an hour, the remove the blanket from the spot, clean it and refold it for future use. 5.2.5.4 How to use fire extinguisher: The fire extinguisher is very simple and easy to use; and it has very significant function in the event of fire occurrence. The fire extinguisher has key word called as PASS. It is very easy to remember when using the extinguisher. The word PASS indicates pull, aim, squeeze and sweep. The procedure comprises: pull the safety nob or pin; aim the hose at particular area, where the fire occurred, at safe distance; squeeze the lever to discharge the extinguishing materials (carbon dioxide); and sweep the hose at different direction until the fire stops completely. The below diagram explains about the PASS.
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Figure 5.5: Fire extinguisher 5.3 Limitation: The current research work has a limitation. The research question or objective includes training or educating the customer and vendors on fire and safety awareness. The data demonstrated that the fire education to the customer and vendors are very difficult for the risk management. However, the risk management can provide awareness notice or stickers. 5.3.1 Customers and vendors: It is very hard to give fire safety training and create fire awareness to customers. Since, the customers come to have drink and relax. In addition, the customers are not the same people coming to the Tamesis dock. The fire awareness stickers such as no smoking sign; fire exits sign; and fire and safety signs would help for the customer but the fire protective trainings are insufficient. The Tamesis dock has different vendors at different period of time, for
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example - gas supplier, beverage supplier and food supplier are different so it inadequate to them. 5.4 Recommendation for future: The researcher has few ideas for the management of the Tamesis dock. This recommendation would helpful for them in a different angle and provide more benefits to the organization in future. In other words, the recommendation is called as scope for the future research and future benefits for the Tamesis dock. 5.4.1 Scope for future research: There is a couple of scopes for the future research work or the dissertation. The future scope is associated to the current research work. The researcher is selected risk management for the current research and he is focused on the fire and safety risk aspects or domain. There are various risk aspects or domains related to the risk management. The various risk aspects or domains comprise financial risk, marketing risk, technology risk, software risk, security risk, and operational risk. The financial, marketing, technology and software risks are not significant for the Tamesis dock. However, the security and operation risks have more scope for the future researchers. In security risk management, the future researcher could discuss or collect information about the security system in the Tamesis dock. In the past, the Tamesis dock had theft experience and it demonstrated that there is more possibility of occurrence of theft in the Tamesis dock. Because the Tamesis dock is one of the good aqua feel bar at South East London; and it is very busy during weekend such parties and other celebrations. Therefore, the management of the Tamesis dock needs to consider the
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security risk system. The future research has past evidence to begin the research work on security risk and provide suitable mitigation such as burglar alarm.
CHAPTER VI
6. Bibliography:
Alexander B (2011). Fire signs importance highlighted In: Health and Safety Signs, Fire Signs accessed (online) on http://www.safetysignsupplies.co.uk/news/fire-signsimportance-highlighted~800474393.html 05/04/2011. Alice, O (1995). Article: Latin America stages first risk management conference. In: Risk Management. Michigan: Risk Management Society Publishing, Inc. Andersson P, Rosell L, Simonson M and Emanuelsson V (2004), Small and Large Scale Fire Experiments with Electric Cables under Well-Ventilated and Vitiated Conditions, In: Fire Technology. 40 (3), pp 247-262.
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Castino and Harmathy (1982). Fire risk assessment. United State of America: Library of congress cataloguing-inpublication data.. Christopher L. C (2001), The risk management process: business strategy and tactics, United State of America: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. David D and Paul B (2002), Computerised system and questionnaire for fire risk measure, United Kingdom: Monitor risk management limited. GB 2376092 A. David D (2004). Principles of Fire Prevention. United State of America: Library of congress cataloguing in publication data (Pg 123 128). Donald H. C (2008), Corporate risk management. New York: Columbia business school publishing ltd. Dunsmuir, A. & L. Williams (1992) How to do social research. Sociology in action series. London: Collins Educational. Frederic P M, Agnes F V, John M (2009). Fire hydrant. United State of America: VDM Publishing House Limited, page 126 135. Furness A, Muckett M (2007). Introduction to fire safety management first edition. Oxford: British library cataloguing in publication data. Gillham B (2000). The research interview. British library cataloguing-in-publication data: London. Goh Y. M (2010), Applying systems thinking concepts in the analysis of major incidents and safety culture. In: Safety Science Volume 48, Issue 3, (Pages 302-309). Hassanain, M. A. (2009). Approaches to qualitative fire safety risk assessment in hotel facilities. Structural survey, 27 (4), pp 287-300.
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Hirschler M. M (1990). Fire hazard and fire risk assessment. United State of America: Library of congress cataloguing-inpublication data. Hughes P and Ferrett E (2009), Introduction to Health and Safety at Work fourth edition, Oxford: Elsevier limited. John W. C (1994), Research design: qualitative & quantitative approaches. United State of America: Sage Publications. Johnson G. (2009). Research Methods for Public
Administrators 2nd edition. New York: Library of congress cataloguing-in-publication data. Jouni B and Olavi K (1996). Fire Safety Risk Analysis of a Community Centre. In: Journal of Fire Sciences. Volume 14, Issue 5, (Pages 346-352). Laughlin J. O (2010). Ecological Risk Assessment to Support Fuels Treatment. In: Pye John M., Rauscher Michael H, Sands Yasmeen, Lee Danny C, and Beatty Jerome S. Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management Volume 2, United State of America: U.S department of agriculture. Michael P ad Nigel F (1993), Fire risk: assessment and management in long-term psychiatric patients, Psychiatric Bulletin, 17, pp 86-88. Michel C, Dan G and Robert M (2006). The essentials of risk management. Companies, Inc. Rajendar K. C (2008). Research Methodology, New Delhi: S.B. Nangia APH Publishing Corporation. Randall R. C, James F. M (2004), Health promotion and education research methods: using the five-chapter 2 nd United State of America: The McGraw-Hill
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edition. United State of America: Library of congress cataloguing-in-publication data. Ricky H (2010), Fire Risk Management for Commercial Buildings. Family Articles (online). from ArticlesFactory. (http://www.articlesfactory.com/articles/family/fire-riskmanagement-for-commercial-buildings.html) (Accessed on 27/02/2011). Robartalex (2010) Fire Safety Through Fire Risk Management (online). http://www.articlealley.com/article_1693245_22.html#YeddaCo mboPosition accessed on 05/04/2011. Rogers H (2010), Increase Fire Safety Awareness among Your Staff. In: articles base risk management (online) http://www.articlesbase.com/management-articles/increasefire-safety-awareness-among-your-staff-3013860.htm Accessed on 01/03/2011. Roger S, Victor J (2006). Data collection and analysis 2nd edition. London: SAGE publication limited. Splinter F (2008). Fire Safety - The Fire Triangle. In Education Articles (online).http://www.articlesfactory.com/articles/educatio n/fire-safety-the-fire-traingle.html. Accessed on 28/02/2011. Thomson N (2002). Fire hazards in industry. United State of America: Reed educational and professional publishing limited (pg 104 106). Vinnem J E (2007). Offshore risk assessment: Principles, modelling and applications of QRA studies 2nd edition. Norway: Springer. Wayne G, Stuart M (2004), Research Methodology: An Introduction - 2nd edition. Lansdowne: Juta and co. ltd.
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Wilson, R. S., Winter, P. L., Maguire, L. A. and Ascher, T. (2010) , Managing Wildfire Events: Risk-Based Decision Making Among a Group of Federal Fire Managers. Risk Analysis, no. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01534.x. Yue J, Feng Z , Jiang W and Yang X (2006). Risk management: A probe and study on forest fires. Frontiers of forestry in China, 2 (3), pp.335-339.
CHAPTER VII
7. Appendixes:
7.1 Appendix A: 3.8.1.1 General areas Is the boat in a flood zone?
Yes
No Yes Yes No No
Does the boat have combustible materials such as wood, paper, sheds and other fire able materials?
Is there any diesel, petrol, fertilizer, gas, alcohol, oil, and other materials or device stored outside of the boat?
Is there any diesel, petrol, fertilizer, gas, alcohol, oil, and other materials or device stored inside of the boat? Are there neighbours next by that would point out a fire activity?
Yes Yes
No No
Are there any public fire hydrants near to the boat?
How long will it take to reach boat from the nearest fire department? < 30 mins < 1 hour Are there any obstacles such as bridges or rail tracks would slow down their arrival?
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Yes
No
Is there any specific way or entrance for emergency vehicles to place?
Yes
Is it placed clear?
No No
Yes
3.8.1.2 Critical areas Are there any places with particularly high focus of values such as kitchen area?
Yes
No Yes No
Are there any areas with larger amount of flammable materials such as spirit and alcohol storage areas?
Is there any major electrical junction on the boat?
Yes
areas?
No No
Are any combustible liquids warehoused in cabinets or locked
Yes
If yes, specify the number of cabinets: Are there particular hazards, such as open flame, areas where flammable materials are used?
Yes
If yes, specify the areas
No
3.8.1.3 Boat infrastructure Are the walls of the boat made by combustible materials? (Wood frames are combustible).
Yes
No
Is roof of the middle deck and lower deck are combustible
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materials?
Yes No
No
Are floors combustible materials?
Yes
Does the boat have various divisions by interior walls, which would show down fire spreading?
Yes Yes No
No
Does the boat floats on the River Thames all the time?
If no, how long does the boat floats on the River Thames in 24 hours? < 5 hrs > 5 hrs Are boiler rooms, cooking areas and other heat generating areas divided by fire walls?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No
No
Does the alcohol, spirit and other flammable material stored in fire wall protected rooms?
If no, is there any fire extinguisher placed in the room?
Does the boat have emergency fire exit doors or windows?
Is the electric connection or devices installed properly in boat?
Is there any possibility of electric connection or uncover wire contacts water on the River Thames?
Does the boat contain major portions of wood, cardboard, plastic, plyboard, cotton, and other flammable substance?
Are the chairs, table and sofa made by wood?
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Yes
7.2 Appendix B:
No
3.9.1 Customers information: Do you visit to Tamesis dock regularly?
Yes
No Do you aware about fire hazards and
risks on the boat?
Yes
No Do you have
knowledge on fire protective devices?
Yes
No Do you smoke inside the premises? Yes

extinguisher? you require fire safety training?
Yes
No Do you know how to use the fire
Yes
No Do
No
7.3 Appendix C: 4.3.1.1 Kitchen area analysis:
Kitchen area
Fire risk computed from very low range to very high range (1 5) Uncover ed electrica l 4 Is there any safety device 4 Other flammable materials 3 Average range (total/5) 4
Number of responders
Oil
Gas
Chef
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Kitchen assistant
7.4 Appendix D: 4.3.1.2 Bar area analysis:
Bar area
Fire risk computed from very low range to very high range (1 5) Alcoh ol / spirits 5 5 3 4 Uncover ed electrica l 5 4 2 4 Is there any safety device 5 5 5 5 Other flammable materials 5 1 3 3 Average range (total/5) 5 4 3 4
Gas
Bar attender 1 Bar attender 2 Bar attender 3 Bar attender 4
5 5 2 4
7.5 Appendix E: 4.3.3.1 Alcohol and gas storage:

Storage area Fire risk computed from very low range to very high range (1 5) Uncover ed electrica l
Alcoh ol / spirits
Gas
Is there any safety device
Other flammable materials
Average range (total/5)
Bar attender 1
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UNIVERSITY OF WALES
Bar attender 2
7.6 Appendix F: 4.3.4.1 Floor analysis:

Floor area
Fire risk computed from very low range to very high rang (1 5) More wood 2 5 3 2 Gas / fuel 0 0 1 0 Uncover ed electrical 0 1 2 0 Is there any safety device 4 5 5 1 Other flammable materials 4 4 4 2
Number of responders Bar attender 1 Bar attender 2 Bar attender 3 Bar attender 4
Average range (total/5) 2 3 3 1
7.7 Appendix G: 4.3.5.1 Engine room:

Engine area
Fire risk computed from very low range to very high range (1 5) Old fuel 2 3 Is there any safety device 3 5 flammable materials 2 4 Average range (total/5) 2 4
Number of responders Management Researcher
Gas 3 4
Paints 0 4
Page 81 of 81

Fire Risk Management

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UNIVERSITY OF WALES

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANT OF FIRE RISK MANAGEMENT IN TAMESIS DOCK

ASHOK KUMAR PERUMAL (ST0008719)

UNIVERSITY OF WALES APRIL 2011

Supervised by Mr. Narinderjit Pangli

3.8 Questionnaires: ................................................................................................... 34

4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

4.12 Fire safety devices for Tamesis dock:.................................................................49

4.13 Fire safety training:............................................................................................ 57 4.14 Limitations: ........................................................................................................ 57

5.3 Limitation: ........................................................................................................... 70

5.4 Recommendation for future:................................................................................71

7.2 Appendix B:.......................................................................................................... 79

7.3 Appendix C:.......................................................................................................... 79

7.4 Appendix D:.......................................................................................................... 80

7.5 Appendix E:.......................................................................................................... 80

7.6 Appendix F:.......................................................................................................... 81

7.7 Appendix G:.......................................................................................................... 81

After/rear open deck deck gas store Middle Deck

Beer store down ramp up ramp

After drinks Lower DeckCabin

Engine Waste bar spirit kitchen Room room toilets store

main deck below deck store

Position The director

Subject 2 Subject 3 Subject 4 Subject 5 Subject 6

23/3/2011 18/3/2011 18/3/2011 16/3/2011 16/3/2011

Floor staff members Management

Table: 4.1 Responders details.

Figure 4.1 Responders details 4.3 Analysis of work areas:

Kitchen Bar Alcohol storage Floor (common) Engine room

represent risk range; and TNR is total

number of responder in each work premises. For example Kitchen premises

Figure 4.3: Fire risk analysis

intimate the fire very quickly.

Figure 4.6: Fire exit sign

hydrant for both over ground underground components hydrant. include

Figure 4.10: Smoke alarm

Figure 4.12: Fire stop pillow

Figure 4.13: Fire blanket

shown in figure 4.14. For example the foam fire

Figure 4 14: Fire extinguisher

4.14.3 Computer programme:

Extinguisher Smoke alarm Fire blanket Fire safety sign

Fire alarm Extinguisher

Smoke alarm Fire safety sign

Fire safety signs

Senior employee will engage critical personnel to

Are there any public fire hydrants near to the boat?

Is there any specific way or entrance for emergency vehicles to place?

Is there any major electrical junction on the boat?

Are any combustible liquids warehoused in cabinets or locked

Is roof of the middle deck and lower deck are combustible

Are floors combustible materials?

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No

If no, is there any fire extinguisher placed in the room?

Does the boat have emergency fire exit doors or windows?

Is the electric connection or devices installed properly in boat?

Are the chairs, table and sofa made by wood?

3.9.1 Customers information: Do you visit to Tamesis dock regularly?

No Do you aware about fire hazards and

risks on the boat?

knowledge on fire protective devices?

No Do you smoke inside the premises? Yes

No Do you know how to use the fire

7.3 Appendix C: 4.3.1.1 Kitchen area analysis: