THE

ATHENIAN AGORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED BY

THE AMERICAN

SCHOOL

OF CLASSICAL

STUDIES

AT ATHENS

VOLUME II

COINS
FROM THE ROMAN THROUGH THE VENETIAN PERIOD BY MARGARET THOMPSON

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY I954

ALL RIGHTS

RESERVED

PRINTED

IN GERMANY

at J.J.AUGUSTIN

GLOCKSTADT

PREFACE
Between the years 1931 and 1949 the Americanexcavations in the Athenian Agora produced 55,492 coins of Roman and later periods. The cataloguedentriesin this publication, ranging in date from the last century of the Roman Republic to the declining years of the Republic of Venice, total 37,090 specimens; the remaining Islamic and Modern Greek pieces have been listed summarily in order that the tally may be complete. This is an overwhelming amount of coinage, which in sheer quantity represents a collection comparableto many in the numismatic museums of the world. Unfortunately very few of the Agora coins are museum pieces, but lamentable as is their general condition to the eye of the coin collector or the cataloguer, they do provide for the historian an invaluable record of the money circulating in one of the chief cities of antiquity from the time of Sulla to our own present. The Agora Excavations are still in progress. Coins have been unearthed since 1949 and more will certainly result from successive years of digging until the project is at last finished. However, the area as a whole has been excavated in depth; what remains to be done is more in the nature of a cleaning-up operation, from which coins emerge in fairly small numbers. There is no reason to suppose that whatever is found in the future will affect the present picture to any appreciable extent. For the classification of the Agora coins an admirable recording system was developed by Mrs. T. Leslie Shear, who has been in charge of the Coin Department from the beginning of the excavation program.Each identifiable coin was given a separate envelope on which were typed details of size, metal, provenance, date of finding, description and reference. These envelopes were filed chronologically by excavation sections. In every case, the same information was transcribed on individual catalogue cards, which were arrangedby emperors and types. While the coins remain in Athens and will eventually form an integral part of the contemplated Agora Museum,the cards were brought to this country for study purposes and are now located at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. It is from these cards that the present publication has been compiled. There is no need to point out the drawbacksinvolved in working from a card catalogue with the documents themselves five thousand miles distant. Ideally each coin should have been checked prior to publication. An undertaking of this sort would require someone thoroughly experienced in excavation material and able to devote several years to a slow and painstaking reexamination. Perhaps such a person could have been found in the course of time. I confess that my spirit quails at the very thought of going back over 3775 coins of Manuel and 1855 of Constantius II, and it seems to me doubtful tha the resulting increase in accuracy would be commensuratewith the labor involved. Without any question there are mistakes in the present tabulation -mistakes of identification and mistakes of transcription. Many individuals worked

vi

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

at one time or another on the classification and on the records. We would all, I think, agree that in the course of our exposure to the swollen, chipped and defaced scraps of metal which excavations invariably produce, we at times saw things we ought not to have seen and left unseen those things which we ought ta have seen. Yet in all sincerity I do not believe that such errors are numerous, and I am confident that those which do exist have no real significance against a background of 37,000 coins. The inaccessibility of the material has in some cases presented particular problems for a detailed tabulation. Where criteria of style determine the attribution of issues identical in type, I have, without the coins before me, been unable even to attempt a distinction between the differentmints. Such pieces have been listed under the city supplying the greater proportion of the Agora coinage for the period, and reference has been made in the commentary to the possibility of an alternative mint. The amount of illustrative material is admittedly slight. Most of the coins are well-known types which need none, but I should have liked to reproduce all variant and unusual specimens. Unfortunately, as will be obvious from even a cursory glance at the plates, the condition of the average excavation piece is so bad that illustration is almost useless. Even if it were otherwise, I could not feel justified in imposing so great a burden of sorting, selecting and cast-making on someone else. To offset in some measure the handicaps, I have been most fortunate in having the help of Mrs. William P. Wallace, who spent the first four months of 1952 in Athens and who generously offered to examine coins whose identification seemed open to question. Mrs.Wallace checked nearly 300 pieces and her effortshave rectified some uncertain readings and verified others. The notation "confirmed"in many sections of the commentary derives from her labors. All of these difficulties were given careful consideration before it was decided to undertake this tabulation. In the end it was felt by the majority of those directly concerned that the advantages of prompt publication, even allowing for inevitable shortcomings, overbalanced the disadvantages. With a few notable exceptions, coins tend to be the stepchildren of excavations. Their publication, if attempted at all, is often delayed beyond the period of greatest utility. For those now working on other Agora material and for anyone concerned with the history of Athens, the coins provide vital evidence for the political and economic vicissitudes of the city, evidence which cannot safely be disregarded. Bringing this fundamental material out in usable form at the earliest possible moment has, therefore, seemed highly desirable. The record in its entirety is here, but it cannot be overemphasizedthat it is intended primarily as a recordand not as a definitive study of the Roman and Byzantine coinage from the Agora. It is to be hoped that whatever sections seem worthy of further research and interpretation will be expanded into special publications as opportunity arises. Attention should also be given to the hoard material. Surprisinglyfew closed deposits of Roman and later periods were found, and in general their chief importance was in dating the contexts in which they Dua-Eurpos.Everyeffotrha ubliationof te cois frm nd usble excelent througly were buried rather than in their intrinsic composition. Nevertheless they should be analyzed and worked over in connection with the excavation records. In this catalogue such coins have been included only as individual pieces without reference to their hoard associations. For the most part the format of the tabulation is borroweddirectly from Alfred R. Bellinger's excellent and thoroughly usable publication of the coins from Dura-Europos. Every effort has

PREFACE

vii

been made to provide sufficient information to make the record useful without compelling the reader to refer constantly to the standard catalogues and at the same time to compress the data into reasonably economical limits. These considerations have influenced the seemingly inconsistent pattern which the arrangement of the descriptive material presents for different periods. All issues of any given emperor are grouped together in a silver, antoniniani, bronze sequence with each category listed chronologically. The catalogue numbers of silver coins are in italic type and the same convention has been used for plated and billon specimens. An asterisk following a number indicates that there is some discussion of that entry in the commentary. Unless otherwise specified, the dates and mint identifications are those of the cited reference works. In some cases, notably with the British Museumpublications of the Roman period, the dates suggested in the introductions are at times more specific than those given in the catalogues proper. Where such restricted datings seem well-established, they have been adopted in preference to broader chronological divisions. Mention has been made in the commentary of some articles supplementing or supersedingthe general referencebooks, but undoubtedly many valuable studies have been overlooked, which would need to be consideredin any final study of the currency. For the later Roman period, where uncertainty exists as to the nomenclature of the various denominations, I have followed Pearce's formula of AE1, AE2, AE3 and AE4. This equates roughly with Cohen and Sabatier in this manner: AE1 = AE2 AE3 = AE4 = Cohen GB Cohen MB - Sabatier AE1 Cohen PB = Sabatier AE2 Cohen PB Q = Sabatier AE3

Such differentiationin size is, of course, only relative within any given period and not absolute in any sense. Mint marks have been omitted from this listing although they are recorded on the catalogue cards. The Agora coins provide additions to the officinae striking certain types, as cited by Maurice for the Constantinian era and by Wroth for the early Byzantine, but such additions are of minor significance and it was felt that little useful purpose would be served by a long and detailed record of the various officinae and their proportionate representation. Where, however, there is a new or unusual form of the mint mark, it has been noted in the commentary. There remains the pleasant duty of sharing whatever merit this publication may possess. The primary credit belongs without question to Mrs. Shear and her co-workersin the Agora whose composite labors created the overall record. Of the many Americans and Greeks who of these coins, I know n cataloguing and tou entyn spent months and years on the cleaning, identifying it to a and unfair them out but I cannot forbear a word of would be single only few by name, appreciation to MissAziza Kokoni who worked with me in 1948 on the residue of coins from earlier excavation seasons. Without her competent aid it would have been impossible to complete the classification of this backlog for inclusion in the tabulation. To my associates at the Agora I should like to express my warm thanks, particularly to Miss Lucy Talcott for her kindness in providing materials and to Professor Homer A. Thompson for the opportunity of publishing this report and for helpful advice in connection with its contents. My debt to Pro-

viii

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

fessor and Mrs. William P. Wallace for casts and the checking of dubious coins is a very real one, for which a brief acknowledgmentsuch as this is entirely inadequate. Mrs. Aline L. A. Boyce, my colleague at the American Numismatic Society, has given me many valuable suggestions and has responded with great patience to my many demandson her time. Above all, I am deeply grateful to Professor Alfred R. Bellinger, whose keen interest helped to initiate this project and whose encouragement and generous assistance have done much to bring it to fruition.
AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY MARGARET THOMPSON

NEW YORK

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ..................................................
ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS INTRODUCTION ..... .................................. .................... .

V
X 1

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE ........................... CATALOGUE ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE ........................... ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE ........... "VANDALIC" COINAGE .................................. ...............

9 10 64

BYZANTINE IMPERIALCOINAGE .......................... FRANKISH COINAGE................... ..................

67
76
78

MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS ............

FRENCH COINAGE ...................................... ITALIAN COINAGE ...................................... VENETIAN COINAGE .................................... NUMERICALSUMMARY ...................................... ............................................. COMMENTARY INDEX RULERS .............................................. MINTS ..............................................

78 79 80

88
87

119 121

ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS

The listing below, relating the amount of Agora coinage of any given emperor with the length of his reign, shows the fluctuations of the currency more clearly than a straight tabulation of coin totals. For the Byzantine era, the anonymous issues have been assigned to definite emperors in line with the commentary discussion. The Roman coinage, because of the complications of posthumous issues, joint reigns and anonymous strikings of indefinite date, has at times been grouped by periods rather than individual reigns.

ROMAN
APPROXIMATE

BYZANTINE
PER YEAR

EMPEROR
Augustus .............

PERIOD

o COINS

EMPEROR AnastasiusI ..........

Justin I ..............

PERIOD

AP:PROXIMATE NO. ,OF COINS 'ER YEAR

27 B.C.-14 A.D. V8 1/s 14-37 A.D. Tiberius .............. 1/11 41-54 A.D. Claudius .............. 1/13 54-68 A.D. Nero ................. /7 2 68-69 A.D. Galba-Otho .......... 1 69-79 A.D. Vespasian ............ 1 Titus ................ 79-81 A.D. 81-96 A.D. 1 Domitian ............. 2 Nerva ................ 96-98 A.D. 2 A.D. 98-117 ............... Trajan 3 Hadrian ............. 117-138 A.D. 138-161 A.D. 3 AntoninusPius ........ M. Aurelius-L.Verus ... 161-180 A.D. 3 180-192 A.D. 1 Commodus ............ Didius Julianus2 193-217 A.D. Caracalla........... 218-222 A.D. 1 Elagabalus............ 3 SeverusAlexander..... 222-285 A.D. 8 Maximinus I-Pupienus . 235-238 A.D. 238-244 A.D. 9 GordianIII ........... 244-249 A.D. 8 Philip I .............. DeciusTrajan 249-251 A.D. 6 Herennius ......... Trebonianus-Aemilian.. 251-253 A.D. 15 13 Valerian I-Gallienus ... 253-260 A.D. 260-268 A.D. 49 Gallienus ............. 7 ClaudiusII-Quintillus . 268-270 A.D. Aurelian.............. 270-275 A.D. 36 275-276 A.D. 16 Tacitus-Florian ....... Probus ............... 276-282 A.D. 16 282-284 A.D. 8 ....... Carus-Numerian Diocletian-Tetrarchies 284-307 A.D. 11 LiciniusI-Constantine . 307-337 A.D. 25 Sons Constantine-Jovian337-364 A.D. 1 109 ValentinianI-Arcadius . 364-408 A.D. 88 II 408-423 A.D. 4 Honorius-Theodosius TheodosiusII9 ValentinianIII ...... 423-450 A.D. Marcian .............. 450-457 A.D. 15 9 Leo I .............. 457-474 A.D. Zeno ................. 474-491 A.D. 1/ "VANDALIC"...... c. 410-530 A.D.
4 40

Justinian I ........... Justin II .............

Tiberius II...........

Maurice ..............
Phocas ...............

Heraclius ............. ConstansII .......... ConstantineIV ........ JustinianII (1st) ...... TiberiusIII ........... Justinian II (2nd) ..... AnastasiusII ......... Leo III ............... ConstantineV ......... Leo IV ............... ConstantineVI ........ Irene ................. Leo V ................ MichaelII ............ Theophilus............ MichaelIII ........... Basil I ............... Leo VI ............... VII ....... Constantine II Nicephorus ......... John I-Basil II and Constantine......... Basil IIConstantineVIII .... RomanusIII .......... MichaelIV ........... ConstantineIX ........ Isaac I ............... ConstantineX ........ RomanusIV .......... MichaelVII........... NicephorusIII ........ Alexius I ............. John II .............. ManuelI ............. I .......... Andronicus Isaac II .............. Alexius III ...........
Philippicus ...........

491-518 A.D. 518-527 A.D. 527-565 A.D. 565-578 A.D. 578-582 A.D. 582-602 A.D. 602-610 A.D. 610-641 A.D. 641-668 A.D. 668-685 A.D. 685-695 A.D. 698-705 A.D. 705-711 A.D. 711-713 A.D. 713-716 A.D. 717-741 A.D. 741-775 A.D. 775-780 A.D. 780-797 A.D. 797-802 A.D. 813-820 A.D. 820-829 A.D. 829-842 A.D. 842-867 A.D. 867-886 A.D. 886-912 A.D. 913-959 A.D. 963-969 A.D. 969-989 A.D.

1 3 13 5
1

6
8

30
2
1/lo
1/7

1 30
2 1
1/17 1/5 1/17 1/ /7 /4 1/3

1/26

3 5
8

989-1028 A.D. 13 1028-1034A.D. 39 1034-1041A.D. 21 1042-1055A.D. 8 6 1057-1059A.D. 1059-1067A.D. 13 1067-1071A.D. 31 1071-1078A.D. 35 1078-1081A.D. 345 1081-1118A.D. 34 6 1118-1143A.D. 1143-1180A.D. 102 1183-1185A.D. 39 1185-1195A.D. 16 2 1195-1203A.D.

INTRODUCTION
o one working over the great mass of coinage from Roman and Byzantine Athens could fail to become interested in its numismatic and historical implications. Any comprehensive appraisal, even had I the competence to undertake it, has no place within the confines of this report, but mention might be made of a few noteworthy considerations,whose full significance can best be appreciated in relation to the outline on the opposite page.' For the most part the picture presented by the Agora coins is entirely consistent with the history of Athens as we know it from other sources. The first Roman piece dates from the time of Sulla; there is nothing from the earlier period of the Republic. Twelve denariihave survived from the sixty years between Sulla and Augustus-five struck by Antony and seven by various moneyers. Consideringthe dearth of silver coinage from the Agora, this is a sizable total, especially when contrasted with the yield of the precedingand succeeding centuries. Of the hundreds of thousands of New Style coins which must have been issued over the span of a hundred or more years, the excavations revealed exactly one tetradrachmand one drachm; only six denarii have come down from the century separating the'reigns of Augustus and Vespasian. Against this background, the twelve denarii of late Republican date would seem to indicate a substantial amount of Roman silver circulating in Athens between 86 and 27 B.C., and the first the h Romans is a factor appearance of this money about the time of the sack of the city by which must be taken into account by anyone studying the Athenian New Style and the Athenian Imperial sequences. Other evidence, literary and archaeological,points to a relatively rapid recovery in Athens from the devastation of 86 B.C. During this period students from Rome came to attend Athenian schools, and the bond between the two cities was greatly strengthened by the visit of Pompey c. 63/2 B.C. in the course of which the Roman general made generous gifts to individual Athenian philosophers and donated fifty talents toward the restoration of the city (Plutarch XLII, 6). Some of this money may have been expended on the erection of new civic offices in the Agora area, the addition of a porch to the Tholos and other building enterprises dating from the first century B.C. N
1. The archaeological material in the discussion which follows is derived from the Agora excavation reports appearing in Hesperia (Vols. I-XX) and to an even greater extent from the observations and suggestions of Professor Homer A. Thompo the Byantine period I am deeply indebted to Professor Kenneth M. Setton for Etions or Excavations. For son, Director ofe theAgora the generosity with which he has shared his knowledge of the literary sources and made available manuscripts now in process of publication. To him I owe the reference to the inflation policy of Nicephorus III (G. Ostrogorsky, Vierteljahrschrift f. Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, XX, pp. 66, 69f.) and the tentative association of the iconoclastic decrees with the scarcity. of coinage for the eighth and ninth centuries. Much of the historical evidence relating to Byzantine Athens is drawn from two of Professor Setton's published articles ("The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the Seventh Century", Speculum, 1950, pp. 502-543 and "Athens in the Later Twelfth Century", Specu,lum,1944, pp. 179-207). While I am aware that there is a difference of opinion as to the date of the occupation of Corinth and the particular Northern tribe which left evidence of its presence in the form of buckles found in Corinthian graves (see Corinth,XII, The Minor Objects,p. 5, note 8), it seems to me that the proportions of coinage from the Agora do substantiate Professor Setton's arguments for a Bulgaric invasion in the mid-seventh century. 1

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

For the first century of the Empire, the number of coins is insignificant although the era was certainly one of material prosperity as is attested by the construction of the Odeion in the Agora and the completion of the Market of Caesar and Augustus. Apparently the ordinary requirementsof the city were adequately met by the local bronze issues, whose chronology and proportions will be fundamental data in any final evaluation of the currency of early Roman Athens. During the second century after Christ the Athenian Imperial coinage begins to be supplemented to a noticeable extent by the silver and bronze of Trajan, Hadrian and the Antonines, a circumstance which undoubtedly reflects the deep interest of those emperors in Athens and their many contributions to her welfare and embellishment. This was a period of splendid civic enterprises: the endowment of great libraries, the erection of the Odeion of Herodes Atticus and the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. In the Agora region it left its imprint in structural improvements to the Tholos and the Odeion and in new housing complexes and baths on the outskirts of the market proper. From the time of Nerva through that of Severus Alexander the coinage shows a consistent pattern in the correlation of the coin totals with the length of the individual reigns. Under Maximinus and his successors there is a marked increase in the Roman money in circulation, culminating during the sole reign of Gallienus in a vast amount of coinage which is not surpassed until the time of Constantius II. One reason for this expansion of the mid-third century must have been the tapering off and cessation of the Athenian Imperial issues; another factor may have been the need for strengthening the city against the barbarianthreat from the North. The high proportion for the sole reign of Gallienus is certainly to be explained by the disaster of 267 A.D. when the Heruli overwhelmed Athens and left an appalling swath of devastation throughout the Agora area. In the burned debris of houses destroyed during the holocaust, the excavators have found Gallienus coins in quantity, unmistakable evidence of the haste with which the inhabitants fled or were overcome by the invaders. Extensive as was the damage of 267 A.D., it seems to have had, judging from the coinage, less lasting and crippling effect on the life of the city than one might suppose. The sole reign coins of Gallienushave been arrangedchronologicallyonly for the mint of Antioch, but of the seventy-eight pieces from that city, Alfoldi assigns ten to the final year of Gallienus' rule and another nine specimens to the 266-268 A.D. period. For Claudius Gothicus' short reign there is a fair quantity of money, and the proportion for Aurelian is not greatly inferior to that for Gallienus. The last quarter of the third century marks a temporary recession in the monetary cycle of Athens, followed in the course of the next hundred years by the tremendous output of the sons of Constantine and the only slightly less impressive totals of the Valentinian-TheodosiusArcadiusera. Since Athens as a whole enjoyed a substantial measure of prosperity and academic renown during the fourth century-the Emperor Julian being only one of many notables whose ties with the city were close and affectionate-one might logically construe the mass of Constantinian and Valentinian coinage as proof of extensive habitation and activity in the Agora region. Such seems not to have been the case at all. Under Probus, blocks and capitals from the celebrated civic buildings were used in the construction of the "Valerian" Wall, a new defense line for the city. Gradually the population withdrew behind this fortification, and for most of the fourth century the Agora area was apparently used as a dump! Thousands of bronzes of the Houses of Constantine and Valentinian would seem to have been tossed away carelessly with the rubbish thrown into the abandoned marketplace.

INTRODUCTION

According to the excavation record, it was only about 400 A.D. that there was a real expansion of habitation outside the narrow confines of the "Valerian"Wall, in some instances in areas left desolate from the time of the Herulian invasion. Construction operations involving the Bouleuterion and the Metroon and the erection of a complex of "University Buildings" on the site of the Odeion also date from the early fifth century. Here the numismatic evidence is seemingly at variance with the archaeological,for after the death of Arcadius in 408 A.D. the imperial issues show a sharp decline. The discrepancy is, I think, merely a superficial one. It is evident that during most of the fifth century and well into the sixth the medium of exchange in Athens consisted of the miserable "Vandalic" chips which are omnipresent in the excavations. In the light of the number found in the Agora (4796pieces) it is impossibleto maintain any longer that all of these coins were struck by the Vandals or any other barbaricpeople. Most of them must, as is indicated more fully in the commentary, be brought into some kind of association with the standard imperial issues, and are probably to be regarded as the work of outlying mints cut off from the direct supervision of the capital during the recurrentbarbarian crises. In any case, whatever the origin of this coinage, the fact remains that it must be included in the fifth century totals if one is to establish a reasonably accurate picture of the amount of money circulating in Athens during that period. There are then roughly 5400 coins, imperial and "Vandalic," representingabout 120 years from Honorius to Justinian, or a yearly average of some 45 pieces. While this representsa falling-offfrom the proportionsof the fourth century, the decline is not so pronouncedas to conflict seriouslywith the topographicalevidence. For the Byzantine era the coins are of special significance because Athenian history during those centuries is often not clearly defined, but the numismatic material should now be evaluated with added caution in view of the fact that restriking becomes a common practice at various periods. One cannot be certain how much money of any given emperor was originally current, since we have no way of knowing what proportionfrom different parts of the empire was called in and reissued by a successor. Furthermore,for the early sixth century the "Vandalic" coinage must still be taken into consideration. The long reigns of Anastasius and Justinian I are represented by relatively few of the new imperial denominations. It is reasonable to assume that the "Vandalic" pieces, many of which belong to the Anastasius-Justinian period, continued to be used extensively and because of their comparatively slight value were less carefully handled than the large new pieces from the imperial mints. One also wonders if the constant pressurefrom the barbariantribes, whose infiltrations apparently extended as far south as Attica during the reign of Justinian, may not have impoverished Athens to such a degree that there was little need for the more valuable currency, only small change being required for the average commercial transaction. With Justin II there is a decided increase in the number of large flan bronzes found in the Agora, but this seemingly reflects a deteriorationrather than an improvement of conditions in the city. The archaeologicalevidence reveals widespread destruction in the Agora area toward the end of the sixth century, resulting in another withdrawal of the inhabitants behind the "Valerian" Wall; the literary tradition indicates that-in 578 A.D. or shortly thereafter a mighty horde of Slavs forced the pass at Thermopylae and descended into Attica. In all probability this Slavic invasion was the occasion for the evacuation of the Agora region, and the Justin coins found there, some in the burned fill of buildings, are to be related to the hasty and enforced departure of its residents. The twenty-seven year reign of Constans II left 817 coins in the Agora, a proportionalmost
1*

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

as striking as that encounteredfour centuries earlierunder Gallienus. Several possible explanations are suggested by the historical record. There is good reason to believe that in the late 640's a Bulgaric army invaded Greece, attacking and capturing Corinth. The logical route of the barbarianswould have been from Thessalonica to Athens and then across the Isthmus to Corinth. More tangible proof that Athens and the Agora came into direct contact with the Bulgars is provided by the remains of fire destruction dating from the seventh century and the discovery of Bulgaric buckles similar to those uncoveredin Corinthiangraves. About 657/8 A.D. Constans organized a relief expedition for Thessalonica, and an auxiliary force may well have been dispatched to the aid of Athens and Corinth.Finally the emperorhimself spent some time in Athens in 662 A.D. prior to his departure for Sicily. The large number of Constans coins from the Agora may plausibly be associated not only with the original Bulgaric invasion but also with the later appearance of Constans and his Byzantine soldiery in the city. After the death of Constans II there is a long period of very scant coinage, broken only once by the phenomenon of sixty-one coins from the two year reign of Philippicus. Some unusual circumstance of which we have no knowledge must have been responsible for this disproportionate amount of money. The situation is all the stranger in that, prior to the Agora Excavations, the bronze I denomination of Philippicus was practically unknown and to the best of my belief specimens have not been found in other excavations. Among the Agora coins there are three varieties of the general I type and almost without exception they are restruck, usually over issues of Justinian II. Because of the Athenian provenance of so many of these coins and their scarcity elsewhere, one is tempted to suggest a local origin. Perhaps some breakdown in communications between capital and province or an attempt on Philippicus' part to decentralize minting operations would account for Athens being permitted or instructed to restrike money of Justinian in current circulation with the types of Philippicus. The remainder of the eighth and most of the ninth century are almost devoid of coinage; only thirteen specimens have survived from the 125 years between Constantine V and Basil I. Significantlyenough there is little in the way of Agorahabitation, in the form of either structural remains or pottery, which can be dated to the same period, and one concludes that Athens had shrunk in area and population to little more than a village. It is a curious coincidence that the absence of coinage in Athens occurs at just about the time that the iconoclastic decrees, so bitterly resented by the Greek iconodules, were being promulgated. It would almost seem as though the province were deliberately cutting itself off from the capital, but one is still hardpressed to explain how even a moderate sized community could exist for so long without monetary replenishments. These "Dark Ages" were not confined to Athens. At Corinth one finds the same lack of coinage for the entire eighth century, but recovery there begins with the reign of Theophilus (829-842 A.D.) whereas in Athens it is only toward the middle of the tenth century that the coins reappear in quantity. The revival of prosperity at Athens may have been delayed by incursions of the Moslem pirates who harassed the Greek mainland and islands and possibly occupied Athens for a brief interval during the first half of the tenth century. After the Aegean had been cleared of piracy through the efforts of Nicephorus II and John Zimisces, Athens experienced a growth in size and population. The eleventh and twelfth centuries have left remains of extensive house foundations and pottery deposits in the Agora, and the abundance of the coinage gives further proof of a flourishing Byzantine community. It is during this period that the Agora coins make what is perhaps their most important contri-

INTRODUCTION

bution of a purely numismaticnature. With the 2200 anonymousissues found in the excavations, it has been possible to develop a chronologicalarrangementof the whole series which rests on a firm basis of overstrike evidence. From the time of John Zimisces to that of Nicephorus III there are 1512 anonymous pieces and 41 signed coins, a contrast which would seem to imply that in the Greek provinces and probably throughout the empire as a whole, the anonymous issues provided the basic currency, the named types representinglittle more than token emissions. Under Nicephorus the situation is reversed in favor of the signed money which now appearsin profusion. In the Agora, 677 named and 359 anonymous coins date from Nicephorus' three year reign between 1078 and 1081 A.D. This proportion is unique for the entire Roman and Byzantine period and quite inexplicable in terms of our present knowledge of Byzantine Athens. Nicephorus, like his successor Alexius, was forced by economic crises to adopt a policy of planned inflation involving a debasement of the currency, but this in itself would not seem an adequate explanation of the overwhelming increase in money for this one short period. The figures for Alexius and Manuel are even higher than those for Nicephorus but less startling because of the longer reigns. Their totals and those of Andronicus and Isaac II point to an era of sustained prosperity throughout the twelfth century, ending with the occupation of the city by the Franks in 1204 A.D. For the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the issues of William of Villehardouinand the de la Roche family and later the Venetian money of Andrea Contariniand Antonio Venier supply the city with a fair amount of currency. From 1400 A.D. there is practically nothing until the Ottoman occupation. Even this cursory attempt to correlate the Agora coinage with the archaeological and historical evidence illustrates the various factors which determine the survival rate of ancient money. It is evident that peak coinages are at times a measure of the size and prosperity of the community. When there is extensive habitation of a site over a considerablenumber of years, as happened in eleventh and twelfth century Athens, a substantial amount of currency is required and in the course of daily living a sizable proportion finds its way into the streets, drains and wells of the city. It is equally clear that a sharp increase in coin totals may be the sign of a sudden catastrophe, such as the Herulian invasion, when money and other possessions are abandoned in a desperate effort to escape destruction. Apart from such external conditions, the coinage statistics from any excavation naturally bear a close relationship to the intrinsic value of the individual coins. One of the startling facts emerging from the tabulation of the Agora material is the trifling representation of gold and silver. The 37,090 catalogued entries include exactly one gold piece of Venice and 135 silver coins, among them plated specimens but no billon. Over the course of fifteen centuries there certainly must have been a fair quantity of gold and silver circulating in Athens, but when such coins were misplaced, the loss was a serious one and the search not lightly abandoned. On the other hand the copious bronze issues of the fourth and fifth centuries were, as contrasted with the silver or even the antoniniani, of comparatively slight value. Their purchasing power must have been low and an individual piece, once dropped or mislaid, would probably have seemed scarcely worth the trouble of retrieval. One of the major contributions of the Agora coinage is its detailed record of the mints from which Athens derived her money at differentperiods. From Augustus through Gallienus,Rome is naturally enough the chief, and at times the only, source of supply, although under Valerian and Gallienusthe Asia mints are increasingly important. With Aurelian and Severina the shift is definitely eastward-Siscia furnishing at least 55 pieces and Cyzicus 38 of 174 coins. Of

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

Probus' 101 specimens, 24 are from Siscia with 27 from Cyzicus; the latter mint provides over one half of the combined totals for Diocletian and Maximianus. From the time of Licinius I through Theodosius II, including all emperors represented by any appreciable amount of coinage, the major identifiable sources are as follows:
Rome Aquileia Siscia Thess. Heraclea Const. Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch Alexandria

Licinius I................ Licinius II .............. ConstantineI ............ Urbs Roma .............. Constantinople........... Crispus ................. ConstantineII ........... ConstantiusII .......... ConstansI .............. ConstantiusGallus ......
Julian II ...............

1 18 1 1 2 16 4 1
3

2 1

6 44 15
10

4 1 1
10

13 2 5 9 18 6 4 3 8 8 16 8 8
11

4 2 21 4
10

19

84 21 14 25 247 64 19 39 92 31 69 12 73 126 169 41 69 49

2 1 2 3 8 5 15 2 1 2

House Constantine ....... ValentinianI ............

Valens .................. Gratian .................

8 4 7
10

ValentinianII ........... TheodosiusI ............ Arcadius ................

Honorius ...............

19
21 10 11

TheodosiusII ............ ValentinianI-III ........

4 22 169 60 6 41 40 53 146 47 161 301 173 5 15 46

3 19 73 15 8 4 16 2 5 7 10 21 21 11 1 2

3 63 6 14 2 18 131 48 12 15 49 7 19 11 28 46 46 19 17 12

6 3 60 18
10

1 2 38 2
2

1 6
1

2 27 220 74 16 23 57 18 45 14 37 156 119 44 29 25

8 87 8
11

17 12 13 2 15 18 35 11 7 18

3 19 5 1 4 4 4 2
1

7 12 17 8

The aggregate for all mints for the same reigns: Thessalonica ... 1864 Constantinople . 1244 1003 Cyzicus ....... Nicomedia ..... 585 Antioch ....... 307 259 Heraclea ...... Rome ......... 139 125 Siscia ......... Alexandria .... Aquileia ....... Sirmium ...... Aries .......... Treves ........ Lyons ......... Ticinum ....... London ....... 95 57 20 17 7 6 5 1

The proportionsfrom Thessalonica,Constantinopleand Cyzicus give the mint nearest Athens only a small margin over the other two. Actually for the Constantinianperiod as a whole the major source of supply is Constantinople,with Cyzicus next and Thessalonica third. It is only from the time of Julian II through the reign of Arcadius that Thessalonica gains and holds preeminence. The only surprising aspect of the general outline is the relative order of Nicomedia, Antioch and Heraclea. One would expect to find Heraclea outranking the two more distant mints. Its small representation may indicate minor importance as a workshop or a channeling of its output to the north rather than the south. During the early Byzantine period the mint marks inscribed on the bronze denominations show this relationship:

INTRODUCTION
Constantinople Thessalonica Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch

7 8

Anastasilis......
Justin I .........

20
11 1

I ...... Justinian JustinII ........ II ...... Tiberius ......... Maurice Phocas.......... Heraclius........

48 29 6 14 19 157

8 108 9 9 13 41

10 13 2 1 8 18

3 7 5 3

15 6 3 1 1

The complete tally of all mints: Constantinople.. Thessalonica .... Nicomedia ...... Antioch ........ Cyzicus ........ 304 188 53 34 18 Carthage ....... Ravenna ....... Rome.......... Alexandria ..... Sicily .......... 7 4 2 2 1

With the exception of a few Sicilian emissions, the coinage from the reign of Constans II to the end of the Byzantine empire is attributed in its entirety to the mint of Constantinople. This is in such sharp contrast to the number of cities striking under the Roman and early Byzantine rulers as to seem quite incredible. Philip Griersonin the course of an article on the solidi of Maurice, Phocas and Heraclius (Num. Chron., 1950, pp. 49-70) argues that the term "Constantinople," indicating the source of the gold coinage of the sixth and seventh centuries, must be understood as meaning Constantinople and other eastern mints, that many of the "Constantinople" issues really belong to Cyzicus, Nicomedia and other workshops. The same situation, it seems to me, is true for the bronze of a somewhat later period. Attempts have been made to allocate some of the bronze coinage of Constans II to a Cyprusmint and, although as indicated in the commentary, the extent of the assignment may be untenable, the suggestion of other sources for Constans' abundant coinage is definitely a step forward. But the need for rearrangementis not limited to the money of Constans. Surely the copious issues of the eleventh and twelfth centuries would have been quite beyond the capacity of any one mint apart from considerations of economy and efficiency in distributing the currency to various parts of the empire. As regards Athens, one would logically expect that a substantial proportion of her coinage continued to come from Thessalonica, a city controlled by the capital at almost all periods and still important enough in the thirteenth century to serve as the seat of an empire established by the princes of the Byzantine royal house after the fall of Constantinople. Any final definition of the later Byzantine mints must rely heavily on the first-handevidence of excavation coins from diverse sections of the eastern empire. As more of this material is made available, one hopes that the pattern will reveal itself.

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE

Berytus B1.-Dieud. BMC Berytus. ArchaeologicalStudies (American University of Beirut, 1934-) A. Blanchet et A. Dieudonn6, Manuel de numismatiquefranQaise(1912-1936) H. Mattingly, Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum (1923-) W. Wroth, Catalogueof the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombardsand of the Empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizondin the British Museum (1911) W. Wroth, Catalogueof the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum (1908) H. Cohen, Description historiquedes monnaies frapp6essous l'Empire romain, 2nd Edition (1880-1892) CorpusNummorum Italicorum (1910-) K. M. Edwards, Corinth,Volume VI, Coins 1896 -1929 (American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1933) O. Voetter, Die Miinzen der romischenKaiser, Kaiserinnen und Caesarenvon Diocletianus bis Romulus. Katalog der hinterlassenenSammlung und Aufzeichnungendes Herrn Paul Gerin (1921) Hesperia. Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1932-) J. Maurice, Numismatique constantinienne(1908-1912) Numismatic Chronicle(1838-) Numismatic Notes and Monographs (American Numismatic Society, 1920-) NumismatischeZeitschrift (1869-) N. Papadopoli, Le Monete di Venezia (1893-1919) J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman Coinagefrom A. D. 364 to 423 (1933) H. Mattingly, E. A. Sydenham, C. H. V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson, The Roman Imperial Coinage (1923-) J. Sabatier, Description g6enraledes monnaies byzantines (1862) G. Schlumberger, Numismatique de l'Orient latin (1878) D. Spinelli, Monete cufiche (1844) Edward A. Sydenham, The Coinageof the Roman Republic (1952) J. Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines (1912-1914)

C. CNI Edwards Gerin Hesperia M. NC NNM NZ Pap. Pearce

Poeyd'AvantF. Poey d'Avant, Monnaies feodales de France (1858-1862) RIC Sab. Schlumb. Spinelli Syd. Tolstoi

Italic type has been used for the catalogue numbers of silver and billon coins. An asterisk after a number indicates discussion of the issue in the commentary.

CATALOGUE
ROMANREPUBLICAN COINAGE
(15)
Q. TITIUS Head of Janus/Prow r. 88 B.C. Syd., p. 107, 694a 1

1*

As

Rome or Italy

Den.

Rome

C. NORBANUS c. 80 B.C. Head of Venus r. with number XXXVI/ Fasces between corn-ear and caduceus

Syd., p. 118, 739

Den.

Italy

TI. CLAUDIUS 78-77 B.C. Bust of Diana r./Victory in biga r. with number CXXIII

Syd., p. 126, 770a

Den. (PI.)

Spain

CN. CORNELIUS LENTULUS MARCELLINUS Bust of Genius of Roman People r./Globe

c. 76-74 B.C. Syd., p. 122, 752a

Den.

Rome

M. AEMILIUS SCAURUS 58 B.C. King Aretas kneeling r. beside camel/ Jupiter in quadriga 1.

Syd., p. 152, 914

Den.

Rome

CN. PLANCI US c. 54 B.C. Head of Diana r./Cretangoat r.

Syd., p. 156, 933

Den.

Rome

D. JUNIUS BRUTUS ALBINUS Head of Pietas r./Clasped hands

49-48 B.C. Syd., p. 158, 942

Den.

Rome

P. SEPULLIUS MACER c. 44 B.C. Veiled head of Caesar r./Venus 1.

Syd., p. 178, 1074

9* 10 1I 12 13*

Den. (P1.) Den. (1 Pl.) Den. Den. As

Ephesus Ephesus Ephesus Ephesus Uncertain

M. ANTONIUS c. 37-31 B.C. Galley/Three standards LEGV Same/Same with LEGXI Same/Same with LEGXII ANTIQVAE Same/Same with LEGXV Heads of Antony and Octavia r./Galley

Syd., p. 196, 1221 Syd., p. 196, 1229 Syd., p. 196, 1231 Syd., p. 196, 1235 Syd., p. 199, 1268

1 2 1 1 2

10

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE

(18,674; 9 imit.) AUGUSTUS
Rome

27 B.C.-14 A.D.

(5) jBMC, I, p. 13, 71-73 J 3MC, I, p. 50, 275f.

14 15

Den. As

17 B.C. 11-12 A.D.

M SANQVINIVSIIIVIR Head of Julius Caesar r. PONTIF MAXIMTRIBVN POT XXXIIII around SC

1
2

16

Den.

Lyons 2 B.C.-11 A.D.

C L CAESARES AVGVSTIF COS DESIG PRINC IWENT Gaius and Lucius Caesar facing AVGVSTVS in wreath

BMC, I, p. 89, 519-525

17*

As

The East After 27 B.C.

BMC, I, p. 117, 731-733

TIBERIUS 18 Den. Lyons c. 26-37 A.D.

14-37 A.D.

(2)
J BMC,

PONTIF MAXIM Livia seated r.

I, pp. 126f., 48-60

CLAUDIUS 19 Quad. Rome 42 A.D.

41-54 A.D.

(1) BMC, I, p. 190,181 J I

1

PON M TR P IMPPP COS II around SC

NERO 54-68 A.D. 20 Quad. Rome 64-66 A.D. Uncertain 20a AE Uncertain type PM TR P IMPPP SC

(2) BMC, I, p. 257, 288f.

Laurel branch

1 1

GALBA 21 Den. Rome 68-69 A.D.

68-69 A.D.

(1) BMC, I, p. 312, 23 1

IMP Emperor riding r.

OTHO 69 A.D.
Rome

(1) BMC, I, p. 367,19

22

Den.

69 A.D.

1. P R Securitas SECVRITAS
69-79 A.D.

VESPASIAN
Rome

(11) BMC, II, p. 11, 64 BMC, II, p. 19, 98 BMC, II, p. 49, 276-278 1 1 1 1 1 1

23 24 25 26 27 28

Den. Den. Den. Den. As As

72-73 A.D. 73 A.D. 75-79 A.D. 80-81 A.D. 71 A.D. 74 A.D. Tarraco 71 A.D.

AVGVR TRI POT Sacrificial implements PONTIF MAXIM Emperor seated r. IOVISCVSTOS Jupiter facing EX SC Victory 1.

BMC, II, p. 243, 112-116 VICTORIAAVGVSTISC Victory advancing 1. BMC, II, p. 133,t AEQVITASAVGVSTSC Aequitas 1. BMC, II, p. 161, 702 CONCORDIA AVG SC Concordiaseated 1.

29*

As

BMC, II, p. 191,t

29a

Uncertain 1 AR; 3 AE

Uncertain type

CATALOGUE
TITUS
Rome

11
(2) BMC, II, p. 40, 221 1

79-81 A.D.

30

Den.

77-78 A.D. Uncertain

COS VI Mars 1.

30a

AE

Uncertain type

DOMITIAN
Rome

81-96 A.D.

(18) BMC, II, p. 24, 129-131 BMC, II, p. 239, 92-96 BMC, II, p. 302,18f. BMC, II, p. 302, 20 BMC, II, p. 309, 54 cf. BMC, II, p. 328,141 (PLATE 1) BMC, II, p. 333,166 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

31 32 33 34 35 36* 37 38 39 40 41

Den. Den. Den. Den. Den. Den. Den. Den. Den. As Quad.

73 A.D. 80 A.D. 81 A.D. 81-84 A.D. 88-89 A.D. 90 A.D. 90-91 A.D. 92 A.D. 80-81 A.D. 81-96 A.D. Uncertain

No legend. Prince riding 1. PRINCEPSIWENTVTIS Altar TR P COS VIIDES VIIIPP Curule chair Same. Dolphin around anchor SALVSAVGVST Salus seated 1. COS XIIlI Minerva fighting r. IMPXXI COS XV CENS PPP Same but on prow Same IMPXXI COS XVI CENS PPP Minerva 1.

BMC, II, p. 335,179f. BMC, II, p. 337, 192f. SECVRITAS AVGVSTISC Securitas seated 1. BMC, II, p. 275, * SC Basket of corn-ears BMC, II, p. 410, 493

41a

AE

Uncertain type NERVA 96-98 A.D.

42 43 44

Den. Ses. Ses.

Rome 97 A.D. 96 A.D. 97 A.D.

(3) BMC, III, p. 6, 37-39 BMC, III, p. 15,* BMC, III, pp. 19f., 107-109 1 1 1

FORTVNAAVGVST Fortuna 1. ROMA RENASCENSSC Roma seated 1. FORTVNAAVGVSTSC Fortuna 1.

TRAJAN
Rome

98-117 A.D.

(46) BMC, III, p. 46,122f. BMC, III, p. 67,* 1 1

2 1 1 1

45 46 47 48 49 50 51* 52 53 54 55 56 57 58*

Den. Den. Den. Den. Den. Den.

101-102 A.D. 104-107 A.D. 107-111 A.D.

PP Victory advancing 1. PM TR P COS 1111 SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards

COS V PP SPQR OPTIMO PRINC Aequitas 1. BMC, III, pp. 71f., 281-287 Same. Aequitas seated 1. Same. Spes 1. Same with VESTAin exergue. Vesta seated 1. BMC, III, p. 72, 288-293 BMC, III, p. 75, 319-321 BMC, III, p. 86, 405-409

Den. 112-117 A.D. (P1.) Den. Den. Ses. As Quad. Ses. Ses. c. 98-102 A.D. 102 A.D. 104-111 A.D. 116 A.D. 117-118 A.D. 98-99 A.D.

PM TR P COS VI PP SPQR Trajan's column cf. BMC, III, p. 112, 565 Same. Genius 1. No legend. Phoenix r. COS II PP CONG PR SC Emperor seated 1. on platform SC Boar r. DES V PP SC Pax seated 1. IMP1111 COS 1111 SC Ceres 1. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI BMC, III, p. 117, 595-598 BMC, III, p. 245, 49 BMC, III, p. 147, 712

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TR POT COS II PP SC Victory advancing 1. BMC, III, p. 150, 727f. BMC, III, p. 226, 1062-1067 BMC, III, p. 159, 756 cf. BMC, III, p. 163, 771

12
59 60 61* 62 63 64 65 Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. As Dup. 116-117 A.D. The East 115-116 A.D. 115-116 A.D.
,,

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
104-111 A.D. Same. Roma 1. Same. Aequitas 1. Same. Annona 1. VIlISC Emperor seated r. IMPERATOR on platform SENATVSPOPVLVSQVE ROMANVS FORT RED SC Fortuna seated 1. Same without FORT RED. Victory advancing r. Same. Emperor with trophies BMC, III, p. 164, 772f. BMC, III, p. 165,* BMC, III, pp. 165f., 782-784 BMC, III, p. 217,1017 BMC, III, p. 219,1026 BMC, III, p. 220, 1030-1032 BMC, III, p. 226,1062-1067 1 1
2 1

1 1 1

66*

As

DAC PARTHICOPM TR POT XX COS VI PP BMC, III, p. 232,1092 around SC in wreath

66a

Uncertain 1 AR; 21AE

Uncertain type

22

HADRIAN
Rome

117-138 A.D.

(67) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

67 68 69* 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82* 83* 84 85 86 87 88 89 90* 91 92

Den.

119-125 A.D. 125-128 A.D. 134-138 A.D.

Den. Den. Den. Den. Den.

Ses.

BMC, III, p. 263, 184f. Same with PRO AVG in field. Providentia 1. BMC, III, p. 277, 303 cf. BMC, III, p. 287, 372 COS III Roma seated 1. FIDESPVBLICA Fides r. BMC, III, pp. 320f., 629-631 PM TR P COS III Genius 1. BMC, III, p. 326, 680f. BMC, III, p. 331, 726f. PONT MAX TR POT COS II SC LIBERALITAS BMC, III, p. 404, 1136 AVG Emperor seated 1. on platform PONT MAX TR POT COS IIADVENTVS BMC, III, pp. 404f., 1138-1140 AVG SC Emperor and Roma PONT MAX TR POT COS IIISC BMC, III, p. 408,1153 Felicitas 1. SALVSAVG Salus 1. PONT MAX TR POT COS IIILIBERALITAS BMC, III, p. 408, 1159 AVG SC Emperor seated 1. on platform MONETA AVG Moneta 1.

118 A.D.

8 A.D

Dup. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. Dup. Dup. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. As Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. or As Dup. or As Ses. 134-136 A.D. 128-132 A.D. 132-134 A.D. 125-128 A.D. 122-125 A.D. 119-121 A.D. 119 A.D.

PIETAS AVGVSTISC Pietas r. Same MONETA AVGVSTISC Moneta 1. SALVSPVBLICA SC Salus 1. PM TR P COS IIISC Ceres 1. Same. Spes advancing 1. Same with VIRTAVG in field. Virtus 1. COS IIISC Roma seated 1. Same. Pegasus advancing r. Same. Roma seated 1. Same. Similar

BMC, III, p. 416, 1198f. BMC, III, pp. 420f., 1233f. BMC, III, p. 420, 1230 BMC, III, p. 421,1237f. BMC, III, p. 423, 1248 cf. BMC, III, p. 424, 1256 cf. BMC, III, p. 425,1263 BMC, III, pp. 431f., 1294 (1). 1300 (1) BMC, III, p. 436, 1332f. BMC, III, p. 438,* BMC, III, p. 445, 1363

1
1

1
1 1 1 1 2
1

2
1 1 1 1

FELICITATI AVG SC COS IIIPP Galley r. BMC, III, p. 450, 1386 COS IIIPP SC FORT RED Fortuna seated 1. BMC, III, p. 455, 1416 CLEMENTIA AVG COS IIIPP SC BMC, III, p. 458, 1438 Clementia 1. COS IIIPP SC Emperor on horseback r. ADVENTVIAVG GALLIAE SC Emperor and Gallia BMC, III, p. 460, 1452 BMC, III, p. 491, 1641f.1

CATALOGUE
93* 94 95* 96 97 98* 99* 100* 101 102 103
Ses.

13
cf. BMC, III, p. 504, 1693 BMC, III, p. 508, 1723 cf. BMC, III, p. 511, 1752 BMC, III, p. 524, 1826A BMC, III, p. 472, 1528 cf. BMC, III, p. 474, 1540 cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1549 cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1552 BMC, III, p. 482, 1595 (1). 1598 (1) BMC, III, p. 483,t BMC, III, p. 484, 1610 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

134-136 A.D.

Ses. Dup. or As Dup. or As Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. or As Dup. or As Dup. or As ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, 134-138 A.D. ,,

AEGYPTOSSC Aegyptos reclining 1. BRITANNIASC Britannia seated facing HISPANIASC Hispania reclining 1. RESTITVTORI MACEDONIAESC Emperor raising Macedonia PAX AVG SC Pax 1. ROMA SC Romal. SC Nemesis advancing r. Same. Emperor r. FORTVNAAVG SC Fortuna 1. LIBERALITAS AVG VI SC Liberalitas 1. ROMA SC Roma l.

2
1

103a

1AR;

Uncertain 26 AE

Uncertain type

27

SABINA
Rome

(2) BMC, III, p. 537, 1875f. BMC, III, p. 540, 1898f. 1 1

104 105

Ses. Dup. or As

128-134 A.D.

PIETAS AVG SC Pietas with children Same

ANTONINUS PIUS 106 107 108* 109 110 111* 112 113 114* 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122* 123 124 Den. Den. Den. As As Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. Ses. Ses. Dup. Ses. Ses. Dup. Ses. Dup. Dup. As Rome 138 A.D. 157-158 A.D. 159-160 A.D. 139 A.D. 140 A.D. 140-144 A.D. ,, ,, ,, 145-161 A.D. ,, 147-148 A.D. 155-156 A.D. 156-157 A.D. ,, 157-159 A.D.
,,

138-161 A.D.

(46) BMC, IV, p. 4, 10f. BMC, IV, p. 132, 899f. cf. BMC, IV, p. 147,* BMC, IV, p. 184,* BMC, IV, p. 196, 1223 cf. BMC, IV, p. 203, 1265 BMC, IV, p. 210, 1313-1315 BMC, IV, p. 211, 1318-1320 BMC, IV, p. 214, 1336-1339 BMC, IV, p. 271, 1677-1680 BMC, IV, p. 275, 1705f. BMC, IV, p. 280, 1738 BMC, IV, p. 335, 1995-1997 BMC, IV, p. 340, 2015 BMC, IV, pp. 340f., 2019-2021 BMC, IV, p. 278, 1723f. cf. BMC, IV, p. 282, 1746 BMC, IV, p. 354, 2072 BMC, IV, p. 355, 2078f. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

AVG PIVSPM TR P COS DES II Minerva 1. TR POT XXI COS I111 Aequitas 1. TEMPL DIVIAVG RESTCOS 1111 Octastyle temple TR POT COS II SC Aequitas 1. AVRELIVS CAES AVG Pll F COS SC Bust of M. Aurelius 1. PAX AVG SC Pax 1. TIBERIS SC Tiberis reclining 1. TR POT COS IIISC Wolf and twins GENIO SENATVSSC Genius 1. FELICITAS AVG SC Felicitas 1. SC Mars advancing r. HONORI AVG COS 1111 SC Honos 1. TR POT XIX COS 1111 SC Fides 1. TR POT XX COS 1111 SC Providentia 1. Same. Jupiter 1. VOTA SOL DEC II SC COS 1111Emperor sacrificing 1. VOTA SVSCEPTA DEC IIISC COS 1111 Similar PIETATI AVG COS 1111 SC Pietas with children FORTVNAOPSEQVENSSC COS 1111 Fortuna 1.

2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

158-159 A.D.
,

14
125 125a Ses. AE 161 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
CONSECRATIOSC Funeral pyre Uncertain type FAUSTINA I BMC, IV, pp. 525f., 872-875 1 23

126 127 128* 129 130 131* 132 133 134 135

Den. Den. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. or As Dup or As

Rome After 147 A.D. 141-147 A.D. After 147 A.D.

(14) BMC, IV, p. 58, 399-402 BMC, IV, pp. 62f., 443-446 cf. BMC, IV, p. 283, 1442 BMC, IV, pp. 238f., 1482f. BMC, IV, pp. 239f., 1490-1493 cf. BMC, IV, p. 238, 1480 (PLATE 1) BMC, IV, p. 246, ? BMC, IV, p. 245, 1531-1535 BMC, IV, p. 255, 1596-1598 BMC, IV, pp. 246f., 1540f. 1

AVGVSTA Ceres l. Same. Vesta seated 1. PIETAS AVG SC Pietas 1. AETERNITAS SC Aeternitas seated l. Same. Aeternitas 1. Same. Juno 1.

1 1 1 1
1 1

VESTASC Vesta l. IVNO SC Juno 1. Same AETERNITAS SC Juno 1.

1 1 1

Uncertain 136* 136a Den. AE IVNONI REGINAE Juno seated 1. Uncertain type (PLATE 1)

1
3

MARCUS AURELIUS
Rome

161-180 A.D.

I (26)

137 138 139 140 141* 142 143 144 145 146 147 148* 149 150 151* 151a

Den. Den. Den.

161 A.D. 161-162 A.D. 175-176 A.D.

CONCORD AVG TR P XV COS III Concordiaseated 1. PROV DEOR TR P XVI COS III Providentia 1. TR P XXX IMPVIIICOS III Genius I. COS II SC Roma 1. TR P XX IMPIIICOS IIISC Roma seated 1. TR P XX IMPIIIICOS IIISC Similar SALVTIAVG COS IIISC Salus 1. SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1. VOTA SVSCEPDECENN II SC COS III Emperor sacrificing 1. IMPVI COS IIISC Roma seated 1. Same. Victory advancing 1. Same. Jupiter seated 1. TR P XXIX IMPVIIICOS IIISC Annona 1. IMPVIIII COS IIIPP SC Aequitas 1. FELICITAS AVG IMPVIIllCOS IIIPP SC Felicitas 1. Uncertain type

BMC, IV, p. 386, 2 BMC, IV, p. 410, 196f. BMC, IV, p. 483, 678f. BMC, IV, p. 290,* cf. BMC, IV, p. 591,t BMC, IV, p. 593, 1295 BMC, IV, p. 614, 1376f. BMC, IV, p. 617, ? BMC, IV, p. 620, 1402f. BMC, IV, p. 622, 1416f. BMC, IV, p. 625, 1431 cf. BMC, IV, p. 633, 1470 BMC, IV, p. 641, 1515 BMC, IV, p. 674, 1678f. cf. BMC, IV, p. 677,t

1
1

1
1

145-160 A.D. Dup. or As Dup. Dup. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. As Ses. Dup. Ses. Ses. AE 171-172 A.D. ,, 173-174 A.D. 174-175 A.D. 177-178 A.D. 178-179 A.D. 165-166 A.D. ,, 169-170 A.D. 170-171 A.D.

1 1
2

1
1

2
1 1 1 1 1

FAUSTINA
Rome

II

(28) BMC, IV, p. 398, 91-95 BMC, IV, p. 404,141-145 BMC, IV, p. 875, 2159

152 153 154

Den. Den.

161-176 A.D.

FECVNDITAS Fecunditas r. SALVS Salus 1. PVDICITIA SC Pudicitia seated 1.

1 1

147-150 A.D. Dup. or As

CATALOGUE
155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 169a 147-150 A.D. Dup. or As Ses. Dup. or As 152-153 A.D. Dup. or As Dup. or As Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. or As Dup. or As Dup. or As Ses. Ses. Dup. or As AE After 175 A.D. ,, 161-176 A.D. ,, ,, ,, 150-152 A.D. VENVS SC Venus r. Same. Venus 1. Same. Venus r. IVNO SC Juno 1. VENVS SC Venus leaning on column HILARITAS SC Hilaritas 1. IVNO SC Juno 1. IVNONI REGINAESC Same SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1. CONCORDIA SC Concordiaseated 1. ,, LAETITIA SC Laetitia r. SC Felicitas 1. TEMPORFELIC SC Aeternitas seated 1. AETERNITAS SIDERIBVS RECEPTA SC Faustina 1. SC Crescent and stars Uncertain type BMC, IV, p. 376, 2164f. BMC, IV, p. 377, 2168 BMC, IV, p. 377, 2169 BMC, IV, p. 380, 2188 BMC, IV, p. 856, add. to p. 381 BMC, IV, pp. 531f., 911-913 BMC, IV, p. 532, 917 BMC, IV, p. 533, 919-923 BMC, IV, p. 535, 945-948 BMC, IV, p. 589, 969f. BMC, IV, p. 541, 987 BMC, IV, pp. 542f., 996-998 BMC, IV, p. 652, 1566 BMC, IV, p. 655, 1589f. BMC, IV, p. 656, 1593f.

15
1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1

,,

1 1 1
9

LUCIUS VERUS
Rome

161-169 A.D.

(11) BMC, IV, p. 437, 381f. BMC, IV, p. 443, 420 cf. BMC, IV, p. 522,* (PLATE 1) BMC, IV, p. 523, 856f. cf. BMC, IV, p. 567, 1131 BMC, IV, p. 596, 1308f. cf. BMC, IV, p. 604, 1341 BMC, IV, p. 604, 1343 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

170 171 172* 173 174* 175 176* 177 177a

Den. Den. Ses. Ses. As Ses. Ses. Ses. AE

164-165 A.D. 165-166 A.D. 161 A.D.

TR P V IMPII COS II Roma advancing 1. PAX AVG TR P VI COS II Pax 1. FELTEMPCOS II SC Felicitas 1. CONCORD AVGVSTORTR P SC COS II Emperors clasping hands TR P 1111 IMPII COS II SC Emperor riding r. TR POT VI IMP1111 COS II SC Victory with shield TR POT VIIIIMPV COS IIISC Aequitas seated 1. Same with FORT RED in exergue. Fortuna seated 1. Uncertain type LUCILLA

163-164 A.D. 165-166 A.D. 167-168 A.D.

(5) BMC, IV, p. 430, 333-335 BMC, IV, p. 576,* BMC, IV, p. 579, 1222f. BMC, IV, pp. 571f., 1167-1171 1 1 1 2

Rome

178 179 180 181

Den. Ses.

164-169 A.D.

CONCORDIA Concordiaseated 1. CONCORDIA SC Same SALVSSC Salus seated 1. VENVS SC Venus 1.

Dup. or As Ses. After 169 A.D.

COMMODUS 176-192 A.D. 182 Den. Rome 181-182 A.D.

(15) BMC, IV, p. 700, 70-72 1

LIBAVG V TR P VII IMP1111 COS IIIPP Liberalitas 1.

16
183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192* 192a Den. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. As As AE 186-189 A.D. 190 A.D. 192 A.D. 181-182 A.D. 179 A.D. 181-182 A.D. 183 A.D. 186 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
TR P VII IMPV COS IIIPP Roma 1. IMPII COS II PP SC Minerva 1. VIRTVTI AVGVSTITR P VII IMP1111 COS III PP SC Emperor riding r. TR P VIIIIMPVI COS 1111 PP SC Pax 1. PM TR P XI IMPVIICOS V PP SC Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 704, 93 BMC, IV, p. 678, 1699f. BMC, IV, p. 777, 480 BMC, IV, p. 786, 515 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

BMC, IV, p. 804,* SAEC FELPM TR P XI IMPVII COS V PP SC BMC, IV, p. 806, 584 Victory r. with shield VICTORIAE FELICI SC COS V PP BMC, IV, pp. 814f., 611f. Victory flying 1. TEMPORFELICPM TR P XV IMPVIIICOS VI SC Caduceus and crossed cornucopiae LIBAVG VIIIPM TR P XVII COS VII PP SC Liberalitas 1. PM TR P XVII IMPVIIICOS VII PP SC Victory advancing 1. Uncertain type BMC, IV, p. 827, 655f. BMC, IV, p. 841,t cf. BMC, IV, p. 841,11

CRISPINA
Rome

(3) cf. BMC, IV, pp. 768f., 433f. BMC, IV, p. 769, 439 1 1 1

193* 194 194a

180-183 A.D. Dup. or As Dup. or As AE

IVNO LVCINASC Juno 1. VENVS SC Venus 1. Uncertain type

DIDIUS JULIANUS 195 Ses. Rome 193 A.D. PM TR P COS SC Fortuna 1.

193 A.D.

(1) BMC, V, p. 16, 25-27 1

MANLIA SCANTILLA 196 Ses. Rome 193 A.D.

(1) BMC, V, p. 17, 32-36 1

IVNOREGINA SC Juno1.

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
Rome

193-211 A.D.

(13) BMC, V, pp. 252f., 489-492 BMC, V, p. 220, 351 BMC, V, p. 222, 360 cf. BMC, V, pp. 360f., 20-22 cf. BMC, V, p. 127, 504 cf. BMC, V, p. 142, 580 BMC, V, p. 145, 590 BMC, V, p. 325, 811 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5

197 198 199 200* 201* 202* 203 204 204a

Den. Den. Den.

206 A.D. 209 A.D.

PM TR P XIllI COS IIIPP Annona 1. LIBERALITAS AVG VI Liberalitas 1. RESTITVTOR VRBIS Roma seated 1. PM TR P XVIIICOS IIIPP Salus seated 1. AFRICASC Africa r. PM TR P IIICOS II PP SC Fortuna 1. PM TR P 1111 COS II PP SC Jupiter 1. VICTORIAE BRITTANNICAE SC Two Victories with shield Uncertain type

210 A.D. Den. (P1.) 194 A.D. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. AE 195 A.D. 196 A.D. 210 A.D.

JULIA DOMNA 205 206 207* Den. Ses. Ses. Rome 215-217 A.D. 211-215 A.D.

(6) BMC, V, p. 434, 23B-26 BMC, V, pp. 468f., 206f. BMC, V, p. 469, 208f. 1 1 1

VENVSGENETRIX Venus seated l. IVNO SC Juno 1. IVNONEMSC Same

CATALOGUE
208 208a Ses. AE 211-215 A.D. MATAVGG MAT SEN M PATR SC Domna seated 1. Uncertain type BMC, V, p. 469, 213f.

17
1
2

CARACALLA 198-217A.D.
Rome

(12) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

209 210* 211 212 213 214 215 216* 217

Den. Den.

209 A.D. 210 A.D.

BMC, V, p. 358,13 PONTIFTR P XIIICOS III Concordiaseated 1. cf. BMC, V, pp. 363f., 34-36 MARTIPACATORI Mars 1. PM TR P XIIll COS IIIPP Pax advancing 1. PM TR P XVIIICOS 1111 PP Aesculapius 1. Same. Lion advancing 1. Same. Sol 1. BMC, V, pp. 371f., 81-86 BMC, V, p. 420, 4f. BMC, V, pp. 451f., 103f. BMC, V, p. 459, 150 BMC, V, p. 456, 135 cf. BMC, V, p. 455, 126 BMC, V, p. 411, 250-252

PONTIFTR P XII COS III Virtus r.

210-213 A.D. Den. (PI.) 211 A.D. Den. Den. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses. 210-213 A.D. 215 A.D.

Same. Serapis 1. SECVRITATI PERPETVAE SC Securitas seated r.

Uncertain 218* 218a Ant. AE PP Sol 1. PM TR P XVII COS 1111 Uncertain type cf. BMC, V, p. 451(e) 1
2

PLAUTILLA
Rome

(2) BMC, V, pp. 237f., 422-426 BMC, V, p. 238, 428-430 1 1

219 220

Den. Den.

202-205 A.D.

AVGG Pietas r. PIETAS VENVS VICTRIX Venus r.

GETA 209-212 A.D.

Rome

(5) BMC, V, p. 401, 214f. BMC, V, p. 407, 234 BMC, V, p. 416, 268 2 1 1 1

221 222 223 223a

Ses. Ses. Ses. AE

210 A.D. 210-212 A.D. 211 A.D.

PONTIFTR P II COS II SC Emperors sacrificing LIBERALITAS AVGG VI ET V SC Emperors seated on platform VICT BRITTR P IIICOS II SC Victory seated r. Uncertain type

ELAGABALUS 218-222 A.D. 224 225 226* 227* Den. Den. Den. Ses. 221 A.D. Rome 220-222 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. PM TR PIIII COS IIIPP Emperor 1. sacrificing Same with SC. Sol advancing 1.

(4) BMC, V, p. 560,193f. BMC, V, p. 566, 237-239 cf. BMC, V, p. 569, 256-258 cf. BMC, V, p. 610, 439 1 1 1 1

JULIA MAESA
Rome

(1) BMC, V, p. 599, 395 1

228

Ses.

218-222 A.D.

PVDICITIA SC Pudicitia seated 1.

SEVERUS ALEXANDER 229* 230 2 Den. Ses. Rome 222 A.D. PIETAS AVG Pietas 1.

222-235 A.D.

(26) RIC, IV2, p. 84,170 RlC, IV2, p. 103, 390

PM TR P COS PP SC Mars advancing r.

1 1

18
231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249* Ses.
Ses.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
223 A.D. PONTIF MAX TR P II COS PP SC Pax seated 1. Same. Securitas seated 1. IOVIVLTORISC Jupiter seated 1. AEQVITASAVGVSTISC Aequitas 1. PAX AVG SC Pax advancing 1. ROMAEAETERNAESC Roma seated 1. PM TR P VIIIlCOS IIIPP SC Sol 1. VICTORIAAVGVSTISC Victory r. Same. Victory l. ANNONA AVGVSTISC Annona 1. IOVI PROPVGNATORISC Jupiter advancing 1. PM TR P X COS IIIPP SC Sol l. Same. Annona 1. PONTIF MAX TR P X COS IIIPP SC PROF AVG Emperor riding r. PMTRPXICOSIII PPSC Sol l. RIG, IV2, p. 104, 402 RIG, IV2, p. 104, 407 RIC, IV2, p. 115, 560 RIC, IV2, p. 114, 547 RIC, IV2, p. 117, 591 RIG, IV2, p. 118, 602 RIC, IV2, p. 110, 500 RIC, IV2, p. 119, 616 RIC, IV2, p. 119, 618 RIC, IV2, p. 114, 549 RIC, IV2, p. 120, 628 RIC, IV2, p. 111,515 RIC, IV2, p. 112, 520 RIC, IV2, p. 112, 524 112, 528 113, 535 113, 538 121, 648 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1

Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. As Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Den. Den. (P1.)

225 A.D. 227 A.D. 228 A.D.

228 A.D.

230 A.D. 231 A.D.

232 A.D. 233 A.D. 234 A.D.

RIC, IV2, p. PM TR P XII COS IIIPP SC Sol advancing 1. RIC, IV2, p. PM TR P XIII COS IIIPP SC Same RIC, IV2, p. SPESPVBLICA SC Spes advancing 1. RIC, IV2, p. LIBERTAS AVG Libertas 1. VENVS CEL Venus seated 1.

1
4 1 1

Antioch 228-231 A.D. Uncertain

RIC, IV2, p. 92, 285

250*

(PLATE 1)

JULIA MAMAEA
Rome

(13) RIC, IV2,p. 98,343 RIC, IV2, p. 98, 332 RIC, IV2, p. 99, 360 RIC, IV2, p. 125, 676 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 1 1

251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 260a

Den. Den. Den. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. AE

226 A.D. 229-231 A.D. 228 A.D. 229-231 A.D.

IVNO CONSERVATRIX Juno 1. FECVNDAVGVSTAE Fecunditas seated 1. VESTA Vesta 1. FELICITAS SC Felicitas 1. PVBLICA

Same. Felicitas seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 125, 679 FECVNDITAS AVGVSTAESC Fecunditas 1. RIG, IV2, p. 124, 668 IVNO AVGVSTAESC Juno seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 125, 683 VENERIFELICI SC Venus r. RIG, IV2, p. 126, 694 VENVS FELIXSC Venus seated 1. VESTASC Vesta l. Uncertain type MAXIMINUS I 285-238 A.D. (21) RIC, IV2, p. 140,12 RIC, IV2, p. 141, 13 RIC, IV2, p. 141, 14 RIG, IV2, p. 144, 43 RIG, IV2, p. 145, 58 RIG, IV2, p. 145, 64 RIC, IV2, p. 145, 67 RIG, IV2, p. 145, 68 RIC, IV2, p. 126, 701 RIC, IV2, p. 127, 708

261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268

Den.

Rome 235 A.D.

PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. SALVSAVGVSTI Salus seated 1. FIDESMILITVM SC Fides 1. PAX AVGVSTISC Pax l. SALVSAVGVSTISC Salus seated 1. VICTORIAAVG SC Victory advancing r. Same

1 1 1 3
3 1 1 1

Den. Den. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup.

f,

CATALOGUE
269
270 271 272
Ses.

19
RIC, IV2, p. 146, 78 RIC, IV2, p. 146, 81 RIC, IV2, p. 147, 85 RIC, IV2, p. 147, 90 6 1
1 1

236 A.D.

Ses. Ses. Ses.

FIDES MILITVM SC Fides 1. PAXAVGVSTI SC Pax 1. SALVS AVGVSTI SC Salusseated1. VICTORIA GERMANICA SC Victory1.
MAXIMUS (2)

Rome

273

Ses.

286 A.D.

SC Prince1. IWENTVTIS PRINCIPI

PUPIENUS 238 A.D. (2)

RIC, IV2, p. 156,13

Rome

274 274a

Ses. AE

238 A.D.

CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordiaseated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 175, 20 Uncertain type GORDIAN III 238-244 A.D.

1 1

(52) RIC, IV3, p. 28, 129A 3

1

Rome

275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293* 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305* 306 2*

Den. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Dup. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ant. Ant.

241 A.D. 289 A.D. 240 A.D. 241-243 A.D.

SALVS AVGVSTI Salusr.

PM TR P II COS PP Victory advancing 1. CONCORDIA AVG Concordiaseated 1.

RIC, IV3,p. 17, 19

RIC, RIC, RIC, RIC, IV3, p. 19, 35 IVs, p. 28, 65 IV3, p. 24, 83 IV3, p. 25, 84

1 1 2
3

CONCORDIA MILIT Same AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1.

IOVISTATORI Jupiter r.

LAETITIA AVGN Laetitia1.

VIRTVTI AVGVSTI Hercules r. 243 A.D. 243-244 A.D.

r. PMTR P VICOS IIPP Emperor

FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1. MARSPROPVG Mars advancing r.

RIC, IV3, p. 25, 86 RIC, IV3, p. 25, 95 RIC, IV3, p. 25, 94 RIC, IV3, p. 31, 143 RIC, IV3, p. 31, 145 RIC, IV3, p. 31,151 RIC, IV3, p. 31,154 RIC, IV3, p. 31,155 RIC, IV3, p. 43, 254a RIC, IV3, p. 45, 271 RIC, IV3, p. 47, 292a RIC, IV3, p. 47, 293a RIC, IV3, p. 48, 297a RIC, IV3, p. 49, 310a RIC, IV3, p. 49, 311a RIC, IV3, p. 48, 300a RIC, IV3, p. 48, 300c RIC, IV3, p. 49, 308a RIC, IV3, p. 51, 328a RIC, IV3, p. 51, 330 RIC, IV3, p. 52, 332a RIC, IV3, p. 52, 333 RIC, IV3, p. 52, 336 RIC, IV3, p. 52, 338a RIC, IV3, p. 16, 4 or p. 35, 193 RIC, IV3, p. 18, 30

2 2

3 1 1 1

238-239 A.D. 240 A.D.

l. SECVRIT PERP Securitas VICTOR AETER Victory1. VICTORIA AETER Same FIDES MILITVM SC Fides1. PMTR P IICOS PPSC Emperor
sacrificing 1.

1
1

241-243 A.D.

PMTR P IIICOS PPSC Same VIRTVS AVGSC Virtus1. AETERNITATI AVGSC Sol 1. AVGSC Felicitas1. FELICITAS
SECVRITAS AVG SC Securitas seated 1.

1
1 1

1
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

LAETITIA AVGN SC Laetitia1.

Same 248 A.D. 243-244 A.D.

r. PMTR P VICOS IIPPSC Emperor FELICIT TEMPOR SC Felicitas1. FELICITAS TEMPORVM SC Same
MARSPROPVGNATSC Mars advancing r.

SC Same PROPVGNATOREM MARTEM 1. PERPETVA SC Securitas SECVRITAS VICTORIA AETERNA Victory1.

Rome or Antioch AVG Providentia 1. 288-239 A.D. PROVIDENTIA 239-240 A.D.

1 1

PMTR P IICOS PP Serapis1.

20
307 308 Ant. Ant. 248-244 A.D. 244 A.D. Uncertain 309* 310 310a Ant. Ant. AE

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. PM TR P VIICOS II PP Mars advancing r. VIRTVSAVG Virtus 1. ANNONA AVGG Annona 1. Uncertain type RIC, IV3, p. 31, 144 or p. 37, 210 RIC, IV3, p. 32, 167A or p. 36, 207 RIC, IV3, p. 39, 229 RIC, IV3, p. 89, 231 1 1

1 1 1

PHILIP I
Rome

244-249 A.D.

(31) RIC, IV3, p. 72, 36b RIC, IV3, p. 74, 49b RIC, IV3, p. 73, 48b RIC, IV3, p. 72, 38b RIC, IV3, p. 72, 31 RIC, IV3, p. 71, 27b RIC, IV3, p. 71, 24c RIC, IV3, p. 71, 25b RIC, IV3, p. 75, 62 RIC, IV3, p. 90,172a RIC, IV3, p. 91, 187a RIC, IV3, p. 90, 169a RIC, IV3, p. 89, 166a (2). 166c (1) RIC, IV3, p. 89,158 cf. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 82 (PLATE 1) RIC, IV3, p. 78, 78 RIC, IV,, p. 78, 79a (1). 79b (1) RIC, IV3, p. 81, 106A 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1

311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses. Ses.

244 A.D. 244-245 A.D. 245 A.D. 245-247 A.D. 248 A.D. 248-249 A.D. 244 A.D. 245 A.D. 245-247 A.D. 248 A.D. Antioch 247-249 A.D. 249 A.D.

LAETIT FVNDAT Laetitia 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing r. SECVRIT ORBIS Securitas seated 1. LIBERALITAS AVGG II Liberalitas 1. FELICITAS TEMP Felicitas 1. AEQVITASAVGG Aequitas 1. SAECVLARES AVGG Column with COS III SAECVLVM NOWM Hexastyle temple FIDESEXERCITVS Four standards FIDESMILITVM SC Fides 1. SALVSAVG SC Salus 1. FELICITAS TEMPSC Felicitas 1. AEQVITASAVGG SC Aequitas 1. SAECVLARES AVGG SC Lion r.

325* 326 327

Ant. Ant. Ant.

AVG Aequitas 1. AEQVITAS PM TR P VI COS PP Felicitas 1. Same. Emperor sacrificing l.

1 2

Uncertain 328* 328a Ant. Ant. (3) AE (1) ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. Uncertain type 2 4

OTACILIA SEVERA 329 330 331 332 333 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses. Ses. Rome 245 A.D. 246-248 A.D. 248 A.D. 245-247 A.D. 248-249 A.D. Uncertain 334* Ant.

(9) RIC, IV3, p. 83, 123c 1 1 1

4 1

PVDICITIA AVG Pudicitia seated 1. IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1. SAECVLARES AVGG 1111Hippopotamus r.

RIC, IV3, p. 83,127 RIG, IV3, p. 82,116b CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordiaseated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 94, 203a (2). 203e (1). 204 (1) PIETAS AVGVSTAESC Pietas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 94, 208a CONCORDIA AVGG Concordiaseated 1.

RIC, IV3, p. 86,143

TRAJAN DECIUS
Rome

249-251 A.D.

(10) RIC, IV3, p. 121, lOb RIC, IV3, p. 121, 12b RIC, IV3, p. 123, 29c RIC, IV3, p. 133, 101 a 1 1 1 1

335 336 337 338

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses.

249-251 A.D.

ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. DACIA Dacia 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. DACIA SC Dacia 1.

c. 249 A.D.

CATALOGUE
339 340 341 342 Dbl. Ses. Ses. Ses. As Uncertain 342a Ant. Uncertain type 249-251 A.D. FELICITAS SC Felicitas 1. SAECVLI PANNONIAE SC Two Pannoniae RIG, IVa, p. 135, 115a RIC, IV3, p. 136, 124a RIC, IV3, p. 136,126d RIC, IV3, p. 136, 120a

21
1
2 1
1

,,

VICTORIAAVG SC Victory advancing 1. AVG SC Liberalitas 1. LIBERALITAS

HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA
Rome

(5) RIC, IV3, p. 127, 55b RIC, IV3, p. 127, 58b RIC, IV3, p. 127, 59b 2 2
1

343 344 345

Ant. Ant. Ant.

249-251 A.D.

AVG Fecunditas 1. FECVNDITAS AVG Pudicitia 1. PVDICITIA Same. Pudicitia seated 1.

HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS 346 347 Ant. Ant. Rome c. 250-251 A.D.

251 A.D.

(2) RIC, IV3, p. 139,146 RIC, IV3, p. 139,147c

PRINCIPIIWENTVTIS Apollo seated 1. Same. Prince 1.

1 1

TREBONIANUS GALLUS 251-253 A.D.

Rome

(17) RIC, IV3, p. 162, 31 RIG, IV3, p. 162, 35 RIG, IV3, p. 163, 37 RIC, IV3, p. 163, 41 RIC, IV3, p. 163, 44 RIC, IV3, p. 171, 113 RIC, IV3, p. 170, 100

348 349 350 351 352 353 354

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Ses.

251-253 A.D.

ANNONA AVGG Annona r. IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1. AVGG Libertas 1. LIBERTAS PIETAS AVGG Pietas 1. AVGG Providentia 1. PROVIDENTIA AVGG SC Liberalitas 1. LIBERALITAS

1
2 1 2 1 1
1

Ses.

253 A.D.

PM TR P IIIICOS II PP SC Emperor sacrificing 1. IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1. PVBLICA Libertas 1. LIBERTAS AVGG Pietas 1. PIETAS

355 356 357

Ant. Ant. Ant.

Milan 251-253 A.D.

RIC, IV3, p. 166, 69 RIG, IV3, p. 166, 70 RIC, IV3, p. 166, 72 RIG, IV3, p. 168, 80 RIC, IV3, p. 168, 85

3 2
1

358* 359

Ant. Ant.

Antioch 251-253 A.D.

AVG Aequitas 1. AEQVITAS MARTIPACIFERO Mars advancing 1.

VOLUSIAN 360 361 362 363 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses. 253 A.D. A.D. 25253 251-253 A.D. Antioch 251-253 A.D. Rome 251-253 A.D.

251-253 A.D.

(8) RIC, IV3, p. 178,167 RIC, IV3, p. 178, 173 RIG, IV3, p. 175, 140 RIG, IV3, p. 188, 252a

CONCORDIA AVGG Concordia1. IVNONI MARTIALI Juno seated in temple COS II Emperor 1. PM TR P 1111 SC Juno in temple IVNONI MARTIALI

1 1 1 1

364*

Ant.

PVBL Felicitas 1. FELICITAS

RIG, IV3, p. 183, 217

1
3

364a

Uncertain Ant. (2) AE (1)

Uncertain type

22
Rome

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
AEMILIAN 253 A.D. (4) RIC, IV3, p. 194, 2b RIC, IV3, p. 195, 7 RIC, IV3, p. 195, 10 1 1
2

365 366 367

Ant. Ant. Ant.

253 A.D.
,,

DIANAEVICTRI Diana 1. PM TR P I PP Emperor sacrificing 1. SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing 1.

VALERIAN I
Rome

253-260 A.D.

(38) RIC, V1,p. 45, 89 RIC, V,, p. 45, 86 RIG, V1, p. 49, 141 RIC, V1, p. 45, 87 RIC, V1, p. 46, 90 RIC, V1, p. 48, 126 RIC, V1, p. 47, 106 RIG, VI, p. 46, 94 2
1

368* 369 370 371 372 373 374 375

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

253 A.D. 254 A.D. 255-256 A.D.

FIDES MILITVM Fides 1. FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. PM TR P II COS II PP Jupiter 1. FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. FIDESMILITVM Fides 1. VICTORIAAVGG Victory 1. ORIENSAVGG Sol 1. IOVICONSERVAT Jupiter 1.

1 2
2 1 4 1

257 A.D. 258 A.D. Milan 257 A.D. 257-259 A.D. 258 A.D. Antioch 254-256 A.D.

376* 377 378

Ant. Ant. Ant.

CONCORDIA MILIT Concordia1. SALVSAVGG Salus r. SECVRIT PERPET Securitas 1.

RIC, V1, p. 56, 238 RIC, V1, p. 57, 252f. RIC, V1, p. 57, 256

1 2
1

379* 380 381 382 383 384

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

FORTVNA REDVX Mercury 1. VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1. VICTORIAE AVGG Soldier r. AETERNITATI AVGG Sol 1.

Berytus, IV, P1. V, 11f. Berytus, IV, P1. V, 23 Berytus, IV, P1. V, 20f. Berytus, IV, P1. VI, 10f. Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 6f. Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 16-19

2
1

1
1 1 2

256-258 A.D. 257 A.D. Asia Uncertain 255-258 A.D.

FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. PM TR P V COS 1III PP Emperors facing VIRTVSAVGG Emperors facing PIETAS AVGG Emperors sacrificing VOTA ORBIS Victories with shield RESTITVT ORIENTIS Emperor and Orient

385 386 387 388

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Berytus, IV, P1. X, 1-5 Berytus, IV, P1. X, 14f. Berytus, IV, P1. X, 23-XI, 1 Berytus, IV,-P1. XI, 7-10

4 3 1
4

GALT,IENUS 253-268 A.D.

Rome

(349) RIG, V1, p. 161, 346 RIC, V1, p. 81,155 RIC, V1, p. 80, 132 RIC, V1, p. 82, 159 RIG, V1, p. 82, 175 RIC, V1, p. 144, 157 RIG, V1, p. 144, 159 RIC, V1, p. 144,160 RIG, V1, p. 145, 161 RIG, V1, p. 145, 171a RIG, V1, p. 146, 177 RIC, V1, p. 146, 179 RIC, V1, p. 147, 187 2
1 1 1

389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397* 398 399 400 401*

Den. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

260-268 A.D. 253 A.D. 254 A.D. 255-256 A.D. 257-258 A.D. 260-268 A.D.

ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. PAX AVGG Pax 1. CONCORDIA EXERCIT Concordia1. PROVIDENTIA AVGG Providentia 1. VICTORIAGERM Victory 1. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. AETERNITAS AVG Sol 1. ANNONA AVG Annona r. CONSERVATPIETAT Emperor 1. DIANAE CONS AVG Doe Same. Stag FELICI AVG Felicitas 1.

2 7 8 7 2 1
1 1 2

CATALOGUE
402 403* 404 405 406* 407 408 409 410 411 412 413* 414 415 416 417* 418 419 420 421 422 423* 424 425 426* 427 428 429* 430* Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Milan 257 A.D. 258 A.D.
,,f

23
RIG, V1, p. 147, 189 RIC, V1, p. 147, 191 RIC, V1, p. 147, 192 RIC, V1, p. 147,192a RIC, V1, p. 147,193 RIC, V1, p. 147, 194a RIC, V1, p. 148, 205 RIC, V1, p. 148, 206 RIC, V1, p. 149, 208 RIC, VI, p. 149, 216 RIC, VI, p. 150, 221 RIC, V1, p. 150, 226 RIC, V1, p. 151, 236 RIC, V1, p. 152, 249 RIC, V1, p. 153, 256 RIC, V1, p. 153, 258 RIC, V1, p. 153, 260 RIC, V1, p. 154, 265 RIC, V1, p. 154, 267 (2). 270 (2) RIC, V1, p. 155, 278 (2). 279 (1) RIC, V1, p. 155, 280 cf. RIC, V1, p. 156, 287 RIC, Vl, p. 156, 294 RIC, V1, p. 157, 297 RIC, V1, p. 157, 299 RIC, V1, p. 157, 305 RIC ,V, p. 158, 317 (3). 320 (2). 321 (2) RIC, V1,p. 159, 325 cf. RIG, V1, p. 159, 330 1 2 3 5
2 1

260-268 A.D.

FELICIT AVG Felicitas r. Same. Felicitas 1. FELICIT PVBL Felicitas seated 1. FIDESMILITVM Fides 1. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. Same. Fortuna seated 1. INDVLGENTAVG Indulgentia seated 1. INDVLGENTIA AVG Indulgentia leaning on column IOVICONSERVA Jupiter 1. IOVISTATOR Jupiter r. IOVIVLTORI Jupiter advancing 1. AVG Laetitia 1. LAETITIA MARTIPACIFERO Mars l.

,, ,,
,,

,,

2 2 1 5
1 5 14 5

ORIENS AVG Sol 1. PAXAVG Pax 1.

Same. Pax seated 1.

6 3
2 1

PAXPVBLICASame
PRINC IWENT Youth 1. PROVIDAVG Providentia 1. SECVRIT ORBIS Securitas seated 1. SECVRIT PERPET Securitas 1. VBERITAS AVG Uberitas 1. VICTGAL AVG Three Victories

4 3

1 6
1 1 7 3 2

VICTORIA AET Victory1.

VICTORIAAVG Same VICTORIAAVG III Victory advancing 1.

VIRTVS AVG Mars1.

Same. Soldier 1.

VIRTVS AVGVSTIMars1.

431* 432* 433 434* 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

VICTGERM Victory advancing 1. LEGI111 FLVI P VI F Lion running r. LEGX GEMVI P VI F Bullr. PM TR P VIICOS Emperor seated 1. AETERNITAS AVG Sol. 1. APOLLO CONSER Apollo r. Same. Apollo 1. FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1. MARTIPACIFERO Mars advancing 1. ORIENSAVG Sol. 1. SALVSAVG Aesculapius 1. SECVRIT PERPET Securitas 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1.

RIC, V1, p. 99, 404 cf. RIC, V1, p. 94, 343 (PLATE 1) RIC, V1, p. 96, 357 RIC, V1, p. 171, 457 RIC, V1, p. 171, 466 RIC, V1, p. 172, 467 RIC, V1, p. 172, 468 RIC, V1, p. 173, 483 (1). 484 (1) RIC, V1, p. 174, 492 RIC, V1, p. 174, 495 RIC, V1, p. 176, 511b RIC, V1, p. 176, 516 RIC, V1, p. 176, 523 RIC, V1, p. 177, 534

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 2

266 A.D. 260-268 A.D.

445*

Ant.

Lyons 258-259 A.D.

GERMANICVS MAX V Trophy

RIC, VI, p. 70, 18

24
446* 447* 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Asia Minor 266-268 A.D. Siscia 260-268 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
ANNONA AVG Annona r. PAX AVG Pax advancing 1. SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing ANNONA AVG Annona 1. PROVIDENAVG Providentia 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory 1. CONCORDIA AVG Concordia1. AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. VICTORIAAET Victory 1. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing r. RIC, V1, p. 180, 556 RIC, V1, p. 182, 576 RIC, V1, p. 182, 584 RIC, VI, p. 180, 557 RIC, V1, p. 182, 580 RIG, V1, p. 183, 587 RIC, V1, p. 180, 563 RIC, V1, p. 180, 555 RIC, VI, p. 183, 586 RIC, V1, p. 181, 572 RIC, V1, p. 183, 588 1 3
1 1

2 3 3 1
1

6
1

457* 458 459

Ant. Ant. Ant.

AETERNTT(sic) AVG Wolf and twins CONSERVATORAVG Aesculapius 1. AVG Minerva r. MINERVA

cf. Berytus, V, p. 61, 4 (PLATE 1) Berytus, V, p. 61, 5 Berytus, V, p. 63, 7

1 1 1

460 461 462 463* 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477* 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Antioch 254-256 A.D.

,,
,,

FELICITAS SAECVLI Diana advancing r. VIRTVSAVGG Soldier 1. DIANA LVCIFERA Diana r. AVGG Aequitas 1. AEQVITAS LIBERALITAS AVGG Liberalitas 1. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. IOVISTATORI Jupiter r. PM TR P XII COS V PP Serapis 1. PM TR PXIII C VI PP Lion 1. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. VIRTVSAVGVSTI Hercules r. VIRTVSAVG Mars 1. AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1. AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. IOVI STATORI Jupiter r.

Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 2f. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 5 Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 9 cf. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 13 Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 11f. Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. a) Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. a) Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. a) Berytus, V, p. 48, 1 Berytus, V, p. 50, 2 Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. b) Berytus, V, p. 48, 4 Berytus, V, p. 48, 5 Berytus, V, p. 48, 6; P1. XV, 14 Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. b) Berytus, V, p. 48, 8 Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. b) Berytus, V, p. 50, 4 Berytus, V, p. 50, 5 Berytus, V, p. 50, 8 Berytus, V, p. 50, 9 Berytus, V, p. 50, 11 Berytus, V, p. 51, 1 Berytus, V, p. 52, 2 Berytus, V, p. 52, 3 Berytus, V, p. 52, 6 Berytus, V, p. 52, 7 Berytus, V, p. 52, 8 Berytus, V, p. 53, 2 Berytus, V, p. 54, 5 Berytus, V, p. 54, 6

1 2 1
1

256-258 A.D.
,,

1 2
1 1

262-263 A.D.
,, ,,

263 A.D. 264 A.D. 264-267 A.D.

,, ,,

2
2 1

2
1

3
3

ft,,

6 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 3
4

264-266 A.D.
,, ,, ,, ,,

MINERVA AVG Minerva r. MARSVICTOR Mars advancing r. VIRTVSAVG Emperor r. AETERNITAS AVG Wolf and twins PAX FVNDATA Trophy IOVICONSER AVG Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVAT Same SOLI INVICTO Sol 1. VIRTVSAVG Mars r. AETERNITAS AVG Saturn r. FIDESAVG Mercury l. VIRTVSAVG Mars r. IVBENTVS AVG Emperor 1. LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1.

266 A.D. A.D. ,, ,,266-268

,t ,, ,,

3 2
2 1 1 1

266-268 A.D.

CATALOGUE
491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501* Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.
,,

25
Berytus, V, p. 54, 7 Berytus, V, p. 54, 9 Berytus, V, p. 54, 10 Berytus, V, p. 54, 12 Berytus, V, p. 55, 1 Berytus, V, p. 55, 3 Berytus, V, p. 55, 4 Berytus, V, p. 55, 8 Berytus, V, p. 55, 9 Berytus, V, p. 55, 10 cf. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 and p. 56 (PLATE 1) Berytus, IV, P1. X, 8-12 Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 6. 14 Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 10 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1

266-268 A.D. ,, ,, 268 A.D. ,,

IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. MINERVA AVG Minerva 1. SOLI INVICTO Sol 1. VIRTVSAVG Mars r. CONSERVATORAVG Aesculapius 1. VENERVICTRICI Venus 1. PROVIDENTIA AVG Mercury1. SOLI INVICTO Sol 1. LVNA LVCIFERA Diana advancing r. AETERNITATI AVG Sol 1.

,,

502 503 504 505 506 507 508

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Asia Uncertain 255-258 A.D. VIRTVSAVGG Emperors facing 259 A.D. PIETAS AVGG Emperors sacrificing 26,, A.D. 260 A.D. ,,
,,

1 1 1 1 4 2 4

VICTORIAGERMAN Emperor and Victory IOVICONSERVATORI Emperor and Jupiter Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 20 Same Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 8f. VICTORIAAVG Emperor and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 26. XIV, 1 VIRTVSAVG Emperor and Roma Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 6 AVG or AVGG Aequitas 1. AEQVITAS FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. IOVISTATORI Jupiter 1. MARTIPACIFERO Mars 1. ORIENSAVG Sol 1. PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory 1. LAETITIA AVGG Laetitia 1. Uncertain type (PLATE 1)

Uncertain 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516* 516a Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. 2 3 1 2 4 2 4 2 49

SALONINA
Rome

(83) RIC, VI, p. 111, 26 RIC, V1, p. 111, 33 RIC, V1, p. 192, 2 RIC, RIC, RIC, RIC, V1, p. 192, 5 VI, p. 193, 9 V1, p. 193, 11 V1, p. 193, 12 1 1 2 8 2 4 1 2 2
1 2

517* 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ses.

256-257 A.D. 260-268 A.D.

FECVNDITAS AVG Fecunditas r. PIETAS AVGG Pietas 1. CONCORD AET Concordiaseated 1. FECVNDITAS AVG Fecunditas 1. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1. IVNO REGINA Similar IVNONI CONS AVG Doe advancing 1. PAX AVG Pax 1. AVG Pietas 1. PIETAS PVDICITIA Pudicitia 1. Same. Pudicitia seated 1. VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1. VESTA Vesta seated 1.

RIC, V1, p. 193, 16 RIC, V1, p. 193, 19 RIC, V1, p. 193, 21 RIC, V1, p. 194, 24 RIC, V1, p. 194, 25 RIC, V1, p. 194, 31 RIC, V1, p. 194, 32 RIC, Vl, p. 112, 46

8 4 3

255-256 A.D.

IVNO REGINASC Juno 1.

26
532 533* 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. 262-267 A.D. 264-266 A.D. 266 A.D. 266-268 A.D. Asia Uncertain 255-258 A.D. 259 A.D.
,,

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Milan 260-268 A.D. Siscia 260-268 A.D. VENVS FELIX Venus 1. CONCOR AVG Concordiaseated 1. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. PIETAS AVG Pietas 1. Antioch 256-258 A.D. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. PVDICITIA AVG Pudicitia 1. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. CERERI AVG Ceres seated 1. VENVSAVG Venus 1. SALVSAVG Salus r. RIC, V1, p. 198, 65 RIC, V1, p. 198, 71 RIG, VI, p. 199, 76 RIC, V1, p. 199, 75 RIC, V1, p. 199, 78 Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 19f. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 21 Berytus, V, p. 48, 10 Berytus, V, p. 50, 12 Berytus, V, p. 52, 9 Berytus, V, p. 54, 14

1
6

1 1 1 4 1 1 4 2 2 2 1
1

CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor and empress Berytus, IV, P1. XI, 15-19 CONCORDIA AVG Same Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 7 ROMAEAETERNAE Emperor and Roma Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 16-18 VENVS VICTRIX Venus 1. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. with and without peacock Uncertain type RIC, V,, p. 115, 68

546* 547 547a

Uncertain 253-260 A.D.

1
4

VALERIAN II 548 Ant. Rome 254-255 A.D. Antioch 256-257 A.D.

(2) RIC, V1, p. 118, 20 1

AVGG Sacrificial implements PIETAS

549

Ant.

VICTORIAPART Prince and Victory

Berytus, IV, P1. IX, 12f.

SALONINUS 550 Ant. Asia Uncertain 258-259 A.D.

(1) Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 1-3. 23f. 1

SPESPVBLICA Prince and Spes

MACRIAN 551 552 553 554 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Asia Uncertain 260-261 A.D. SOL INVICTO Sol 1.

260-261 A.D.

(4) Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 15f. Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 1-3 Berytus, IV, PI. XV, 5 Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 10f. 1 1 1 1

ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. APOLINICONSERVA Apollo 1. SPESPVBLICA Spes 1. 260-261 A.D.

555 556 557

Ant. Ant. Ant.

Asia Uncertain 260-261 A.D.

QUIETUS

(3) Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 17f. Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 22-24 Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 9

IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter seated 1. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. SPESPVBLICA Spes 1. POSTUMUS 259-268 A.D.

1
1 1

(1) RIC, V,, p. 344, 891

558*

Ant.

Lyons 259-265 A.D.

VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1.

CATALOGUE
VICTORINUS 559 Ant. Cologne 268-270 A.D. 268-270 A.D. (1) RIC, V2, p. 396, 114

27

INVICTVS Sol advancing 1.

TETRICUS 560 561 Ant. Ant. Gaul Uncertain 270-273 A.D. Irregular Mint 270-273 A.D. PAX AVG Pax 1.

270-273 A.D.

(2) RIC, V2, p. 409, 103 cf. RIC, V2, pp. 412f. 1 1

Blundered legends. Victory advancing 1.

CLAUDIUS 11 268-270 A.D.

Rome

(23) RIC, VI, p. 213, 18 RIC, V1, p. 214, 36 RIC, V1, p. 215, 48 RIC, VI, p. 219,104 RIC, V1, p. 219, 109 RIC, V1, p. 226, 181 (1). 182 (1) Berytus, V, p. 65, 4 Berytus, V, p. 65, 10 Berytus, V, p. 57, 2 Berytus, V, p. 57, 4 Berytus, V, p. 57, 10 RIC, V1, p. 234, 266 (PLATE 2) RIC, V1, pp. 233f., 261f. 1 1 1 1 1
2

562 563 564 565 566 567 568* 569

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

268-270 A.D.

ANNONA AVG Annona 1. FIDESEXERCI Fides 1. GENIVSEXERCI Genius 1. VICTORIAAVG Victory 1. VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1.

Siscia 268-270 A.D. Asia Minor 268-269 A.D.

LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1. VIRTVTI AVG Mars 1. FORTVNAAVG Fortuna 1.

1 1

570 571 572*

Ant. Ant. Ant.

Antioch 268-269 A.D.

NEPTVN AVG Neptune 1. CONSER AVG Serapis 1. AEQVITASAVG Aequitas l. CONSECRATIO Eagle 1. Same. Altar

1 1 1

573* 574*

Ant. Ant.

Various Mints After 270 A.D.

5 4

Uncertain 574a Ant. Uncertain type 2

575

Ant.

Rome 270 A.D.

QUINTILLUS

270 A.D.

(1) RIC, V1, p. 242, 31 1

SECVRIT AVG Securitas 1.

AURELIAN 576 577 578 579* 580 581* 582 583 584 Den. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. 2747 AD 274-275 A.D.
,t ,,

270-275 A.D.

Rome 274-275 A.D. 272-273 A.D.

(163) RIC, V1, p. 273, 73 RIC, V1, p. 270, 48 RIC, V1, p. 271, 53 RIC, RIC, RIC, V1, p. 271, 56 V1, p. 271, 60 VI, pp. 271f., 61 (1). 62 (2) VI, p. 272, 64 4 2 1 2
2

VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. IOVICONSER Emperor and Jupiter RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman VIRTMILITVM Emperor, soldier ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. Same. Sol advancing r.

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC,

3 4

Milan 272-273 A.D.

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 278, 120 FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 279,128

1 1

28
585 586 587 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ticinum 274-275 A.D. 272-273 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter ORIENTIS Emperor, woman RESTITVT VIRTVSMILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 279, 129 RIC, V1, p. 280, 140 RIC, V1, p. 281, 147 1 1 2 1

588 589

Ant. Ant.

ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. SOLI INVICTO Same

RIC, V1, p. 281, 151 RIC, V1, p. 282, 154

590 591 592* 593 594 595* 596 597 598 599 600* 601 602

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Siscia 270-271 A.D. 272-273 A.D.

CONCORDIA MILI Concordiawith ensigns CONCORDIA MILIT Two Concordiae

RIC, V1, p. 286, 192 RIC, V1, p. 287, 199 CONCORDIA MILITVMEmperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 288, 215 (6). 216 (3) FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, VI, p. 289, 220 RIC, VI, p. 289, 225 RIC, V1, p. 290, 227 RESTITV ORIENTIS Emperor raising woman RIC, VI, p. 290, 233 RESTITVTOR ORIENTIS Same RIC, V1, p. 290, 233

1 1

1 9 13
6 1 1 1 1

IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter IOVICONSERVATORI Same

VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. Same. Victory soaring 274-275 A.D. 272-273 A.D.

RIC, VI, p. 291, 237 RIC, V1, p. 291, 238 Concordia CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, RIC, V1, p. 292, 244 ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, VI, p. 293, 255 SOLI INVICTO Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 294, 257

9 7 1

603 604 605* 606 607 608

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Serdica 272-273 A.D. 274-275 A.D.

IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter ORIENSAVG Sol 1. Same. Emperor, Sol PROVIDENDEOR Fides, Sol RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman SOLI INVICTO Sol 1.

RIC, V1, p. 294, 259 (1). 261 (1) RIC, VI, p. 296, 278 RIC, VI, p. 297, 283 RIC, V1, p. 297, 284 RIC, V1, pp. 297-299, 289 (1). 290 (1). 295 (1). 299 (1) RIC, V1, p. 299, 308

2
1

2 1
4 1

609 610 611 612* 613* 614*

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Cyzicus 270-271 A.D.

19

PM TR PP Lion r. IOVISTATORI Jupiter 1. FIDESMILITVM Emperor, Jupiter IOVICONSER Similar

272-273 A.D.

RIC, VI, p. 302, 325 RIC, VI, p. 302, 333 RIC, VI, p. 303, 344

1 1 3 3 1 6

615 616 617 618

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Antioch 274-275 A.D. 274-275 A.D.

RIC, VI, p. 304, 346 RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 304, 348 RESTITVTOR ORBIS Same RIC, Vl, p. 304, 347 (2). 348 (2). 349 (2) (PLATE 2) RESTITVT ORIENTIS Emperor raising woman RIC, V1, p. 304, 351 ORIENSAVG Sol 1. RESTITVTOR EXERCITI Emperor, Mars RESTITVTOR ORBIS Emperor, Victory RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, pp. 305 f., 360 (5). 361 (1). 365 (1) RIC, V1, p. 306, 366 RIC, VI, p. 306, 368 (5). 369 (7) RIC, VI, p. 308, 386

7 2 12

619

Ant.

620 621 622

Ant. Ant. Ant.

Unattributed Mint 272-273 A.D. RESTITVT ORBIS Same ,, ,,

RIC, V1, p. 310, 399 ROMAEAETERNAE Emperor, seated Roma RIC, V1, p. 311, 405 VIRTVSMILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, Vl, p. 311, 408

1 1
2

CATALOGUE
Uncertain 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 629a Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter IOVICONSERVATORI Same ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. or RESTITVTOR ORBIS RESTITVT Emperor, woman VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. Uncertain type SEVERINA
Rome

29
7
1

5
1

2 5 1 10

(11) RIC, V1, p. 316, 6 RIC, V1, p. 315, 3 RIC, VI, p. 315, 4 RIC, VI, p. 316, 8 RIC, V1, p. 317,13 RIC, V1, p. 818,18 RIC, V,, p. 318, 20 2 2 1 1

630 631 632 633

Den. Ant. Ant. Ant.

274-275 A.D.

VENVS FELIX Venus 1. CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor, empress CONCORDIAE MILITVM Concordia1.

Ticinum 274-275 A.D. Siscia 274-275 A.D. Cyzicus 274-275 A.D. Antioch 274-275 A.D.

Same Same Same Same

634

Ant.

635 636

Ant. Ant.

TACITUS 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Cyzicus 275-276 A.D. Serdica 275-276 A.D. Siscia 275-276 A.D. Ticinum 275-276 A.D.

275-276 A.D.

(7) RIC, VI, p. 340,139 RIC, V1, p. 341,152 RIC, V1, p. 344,186 RIC, V1, p. 345,189 RIC, V1, p. 345,193 RIC, V1, p. 346,197 RIC, V1, p. 347, 207

FELICITAS SAECVLI Felicitas 1. AVG Providentia 1. PROVIDE PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. SALVSAVG Salus 1. CONSERVATMILIT Emperor, Jupiter PROVIDENDEOR Providentia r. SPESPVBLICA Emperor, Victory FLORIAN 276 A.D.

1 1 1 1 1 1

644 645 646 647 648* 649

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Rome 276 A.D. Ticinum 276 A.D.

(9) RIC, V1, p. 354, 47 RIC, V1, p. 355, 60 (1). 61 (1) RIC, V1, p. 357, 83

VIRTVSAVG Emperor r. AVG Felicitas 1. FELICITAS AVG Providentia 1. PROVIDE

1
2 1

Serdica 276 A.D.

PROVIDENDEOR Providentia, Sol RIC, VI, p. 360, lllf. VICTORIAPERPETVA AVG Emperor,Victory (PLATE 2) CONCORDIA MILITVM Same RIC, V1, p. 360, 116

1 1
8

Cyzicus

Ant.

276 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
PROBUS
Rome

276-282 A.D.

(101) RIC, V2, p. 95, 726 RIC, V2, p. 39, 204 RIC, V2, p. 39, 202 RIC, V2, p. 34, 155 RIC, V2, p. 37,185 cf. RIC, V2, p. 36, 169 RIC, V2, p. 39, 203 cf. RIC, V2, p. 35, 157 RIC, V2, p. 37, 187 RIC, V2, p. 64, 435 RIC, V2, p. 58, 375 RIC, V2, p. 61, 399 RIC, V2, p. 53, 335 RIC, V2, p. 57, 366 RIC, V2, p. 64, 436 RIC, V2, p. 74, 541 RIC, V2, p. 77, 575 RIC, V2, p. 75, 551 RIC, V2, p. 70, 490 RIC, V2, p. 72, 517 RIC, V2, p. 71, 501 RIC, V2, p. 29, 103 RIC, V2, p. 31, 129 RIC, V2, p. 30,119 RIC, V2, p. 30, 124 RIC, V2, p. 87, 651 RIC, V2, p. 90, 675 (1). 682 (1) RIC, V2, p. 94, 716 RIC, V2, p. 82, 607 RIC, V2, p. 85, 632 (1). 634 (1) RIC, V,, p. 88, 657 RIC, V2, p. 92, 703 RIC, V2, p. 101, 776 RIC, V2, p. 93, 713 RIC, V2, p. 96, 733 RIC, V2, p. 105, 810 RIC, V2, p. 100, 769 (1); p. 101, 774 (1) RIC, V,, p. 87, 650 RIC, V2, p. 89, 670 RIC, V2, p. 93, 712 RIC, V2, p. 94, 720 cf. RIC, V2, p. 98, 756 RIC, V2, p. 95, 731 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1

650* 651 652 653 654 655* 656 657* 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

276 A.D. 277 A.D. 278 A.D. 279 A.D. 281 A.D. 282 A.D.

PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga Same. Sol in quadriga 1. ADVENTVSAVG Emperor riding 1. ROMAEAETER Roma seated in temple FIDESMILITVM Fides 1. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. ADVENTVSAVG Emperor riding 1. ROMAEAETER Roma in temple VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1. HERCVLI PACIF Hercules 1. PROVIDENTAVG Providentia 1. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia FIDESMILIT Fides 1. VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1. MARTIPACIF Mars advancing 1. SECVRIT PERP Securitas 1. PROVIDENTAVG Providentia 1.

2 1 1
1

Ticinum 276 A.D. 277 A.D. 277-278 A.D. 278 A.D.

1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

279 A.D.

281 A.D.

Same PAX AVG Pax l. SALVSAVG Salus r.

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Lyons 277-280 A.D. 282 A.D.

TEMPORFELICI Felicitas r. TEMPORFELICIT Same PAX AVG Pax l. SALVSAVG Salus 1.

1 1 1 1

675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691* 692

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

Siscia 276 A.D. 276-277 A.D. 277 A.D.

CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia AVG Felicitas 1. FELICITAS PROVIDEAVG Providentia 1. PM TR P COS PP Emperor 1. ADVENTVSPROBIAVG Emperor riding 1. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia ORIGINIAVG Wolf and twins SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. ORBIS Emperor, woman RESTITVT VIRTVSPROBIAVG Mars advancing r. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia CONSERVATAVG Sol 1. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. PROVIDENTAVG Providentia 1. SALVSAVG Salus seated 1.

1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

278 A.D.

279 A.D. 280 A.D.

282 A.D.

RESTITVT ORBIS Emperor, woman

CATALOGUE
693* Ant. Serdica 277 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V2, p. 29, 101 (2); p. 112, 861 (1). 862 (1); p. 113, 869 (1) RIC, V2, p. 113, 877 (1); p. 114, 878 (1). 880 (1) RIC, V2, p. 114, 887

31
5

694 695

Ant. Ant. Cyzicus 276 A.D. 276-277 A.D. 280 A.D. 280-281 A.D. Antioch 280 A.D.

VIRTVSPROBIAVG Emperor galloping r. Same. Emperor riding 1. CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor, Jupiter ADVENTVSPROBIAVG Emperor riding 1. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Victory VIRTVSPROBIAVG Emperor riding 1. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor, Jupiter ORBIS Emperor, woman RESTITVT CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Victory ROMAEAETERNAE Roma in temple SALVSAVG Salus 1. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. Same. Sol in spread quadriga Uncertain type

3
1

696* 697 698 699 700

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

RIC, V2, p. 117, 905 RIC, V2, p. 116, 903 (1); p. 117, 904 (1) RIC, V2, p. 117, 907 (2). 908 (2) RIC, V2, p. 118, 913 RIC, V2, p. 118, 911

6 2 4 1 14

701 702

Ant. Ant.

RIG, V2, p. 120, 922 RIC, V2, p. 120, 925

1 1
2 2 1
1 2 3

Uncertain 703 704 705 706 707 708 708a Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

CARUS
Rome

282-288 A.D.

(4) RIC, V2, p. 139, 35

RIC, V2, p. 140, 45

709 710

Ant. Ant.

282-283 A.D. 283 A.D. Ticinum 282-283 A.D.

AETERNIT IMPERI Sol advancing 1. VIRTVSAVGG Soldier 1.

1 1 1 1

711 712

Ant. Ant.

PAX EXERCITI Pax 1. SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing 1.

RIC, V2, p. 143, 75

RIC, V2, p. 144, 82

CARINUS
Rome

283-285 A.D.

(10) RIC, V2, p. 169,238 RIC, V2, p. 169, 236 RIC, V2, p. 170, 243 RIC, V2, p. 170, 250 RIC, V2, p. 170, 252 RIC, V2, p. 175, 295

713 714 715 716 717

Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant.

283-284 A.D. 284-285 A.D.

AVGG Aequitas 1. AEQVITAS AEQVITASAVG Same AETERNIT AVG Aeternitas 1. FIDESMILIT Fides 1. FIDESMILITVM Same

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2

718

Ant.

Ticinum 283-285 A.D. Siscia 282-283 A.D. 283-284 Uncertain

FELICIT PVBLICA Felicitas 1.

719 720

Ant. Ant.

PRINCIPIIWENT Prince 1. VOTA PVBLICA Emperors sacrificing FIDESMILITVM Fides 1.

RIC, V2, p. 162,197 RIC, V2, p. 177, 315

721

Ant.

32
Rome 283-285 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
MAGNIA URBICA (1) RIC, V2, p. 184, 343 1

722

Ant.

VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1.

NUMERIAN 723 Ant. Rome 282-283 A.D. Siscia 283-284 A.D. Cyzicus 283-284 A.D. Antioch 283-284 A.D.

283-284 A.D.

(4) RIC, V2, p. 188, 362 1

PRINCIPIIWENT Prince 1.

724

Ant.

VOTA PVBLICA Emperors sacrificing

RIC, V2, p. 200, 461

725

Ant.

CLEMENTIA TEMP Emperor, Jupiter

RIG, V2, p. 201, 463

726

Ant.

VIRTVSAVGG Same

RIC, V2, p. 202, 467

DIOCLETIAN 727* 728 729 730 731 732 Quin. (P1.) Ant. Ant. Ant. Ant. AE2 Rome 285 A.D.

284-305 A.D.

(72) RIC, V2, p. 240, 193 RIG, V2, p. 238, 180 RIC, V2, p. 236, 162 RIC, V2, p. 237, 165 RIC, V2, p. 237, 166 C., 434; NZ, 1925, p. 12 1 1 1 1 1 1

IOVICONSERVATAVGG Jupiter 1. PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia 1.

285-286 A.D. 287 A.D. 292 A.D. 301-305 A.D.

IOVICONSERVATAVGG Jupiter 1. Same. Similar with eagle Same. Jupiter r. SACRA MON VRB AVGG ET CAESSNN Moneta 1.

733

Ant.

Ticinum 285 A.D. Thessalonica 296-300 A.D. Heraclea 291-292 A.D. 296-305 A.D.

IOVICONSERVAT Emperor, Jupiter

RIC, V2, p. 243, 220 C., 521; Gerin, p. 333, 1 RIC, V2, p. 249, 284 C., 34; Gerin, p. 111, 4 C., 106; Gerin, p. 111, 6-9 C., 34; Gerin, p. 131, 9-11

734

Den.

VIRTVSMILITVM Camp gate

735 736 737

Ant. AE3 AE2

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter Same GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius 1.

5 27 1

738*

AE3

Cyzicus 296-305 A.D. Antioch 293-295 A.D. Alexandria 296--305 A.D.

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter

25

739

Ant.

Same

RIC, V2, p. 256, 322 C., 32; Gern, p. 9, 18

740

AE3

Same

741 741a

Uncertain Ant. or AE3 Ant. or AE3

Same Uncertain type

C., 34

1
2

MAXIMIAN 742 743 Ant. Ant. Rome 285-286 A.D. 285-289 A.D.

285-305 A.D.

(108) RIC, V2, p. 278, 506 RIC, V2, p. 278, 508f.

IOVICONSERVATAVGG Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVATORI AVG (or AVGG) Same

1 1

CATALOGUE
744 Ant. Ticinum 285-288 A.D. Siscia 287 A.D. 288 A.D. Thessalonica 296-305 A.D. Heraclea 292-295 A.D. 296-305 A.D. Cyzicus c. 293 A.D. 296-305 A.D. Antioch 285 A.D. 285-295 A.D. CONSERVAT Hercules r. HERCVLI RIG, V2, p. 283, 545

33
1 1

745 746

Ant. Ant.

RIC, V2, p. 289, 591 CONSERVATORAVGG Emperor, Hercules RIC, V2, p. 287, 579 VIRTVSAVGVSTORVM Similar GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius 1. C., 184; Gerin, p. 333, 2

1
2

747

AE2

748 749

Ant. AE3

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter Same

RIC, V2, p. 289, 595 C., 54; Gerin, p. 112, 3

1 20

750 751

Ant. AE3

Same Same

RIC, V2, p. 291, 606f. C., 54; Geri, p. 132, 8 RIC, V2, p. 294, 623 RIC, V2, p. 294, 622

1
71

752 753

Ant. Ant.

AVGG Emperor, IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter IOV ET HERCVCONSER AVGG Jupiter, Hercules CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter Uncertain type

1 1

754 754a

Uncertain Ant. or AE3 Ant. or AE3

C., 54

5
1

CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS 305-306 A.D. 755 AE2 Aquileia 300-301 A.D. Ticinum 301-305 A.D. Thessalonica 296-305 A.D. Heraclea 296-305 A.D. Cyzicus 293-295 A.D. 296-305 A.D. 305-306 A.D. GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius 1.

(22) C., 61; NZ, 1923, pp. If. C., 264; Gerin, pp. 320f., 14-16 1

756

AE2

SACRA MONETAVGG ET CAESSNOSTR Moneta 1. GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius 1.

757

AE2

C., 89; Gerin, p. 334, 2f.

758

AE3

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter

C., 20; Gerin, p. 113, 3 RIC, V2, p. 302, 672

759 760 761 762

Ant. AE3 AE2 AE2

Same Same NN GENIO AVGG ET CAESARVM GENIO POPVLIROMANI Same

1 11
1 1

C., 20; Gerin, p. 133, 2f. Genius 1. C., 58; Gern, p. 133, 5f. M., III, p. 90, II. 1

763

Uncertain Ant. or AE3

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter GALERIUS 305-311 A.D. Africa 1.

C., 20

(51) cf. C., 28; Gerin, p. 129, 8 (PLATE 2) C., 22; Geri, p. 113, 2 C., 22; Gern, p. 134, 2f.
1

764*

AE2

Carthage 296-297 A.D. Heraclea 296-305 A.D. Cyzicus 296-305 A.D.

ADVENT AVGG NN FELIX

765 766 3

AE3 AE3

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter Same

5 34

34
767 768 769 770 AE3 Alexandria 296-305 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Same
Same GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius 1. SACRA MONETAVGG ET CAESSNOSTR Moneta 1. C., 22; Gerin, p. 15, 17 C.,22 C., 90 C., 188 2 6 2
1

Uncertain Ant. or AE3 AE2 AE2

GALERIA 771 AE2 Thessalonica 308-311 A.D.

(2) M., II, p. 423, IV; p. 425 2

VENERI VICTRICIVenus1.

SEVERUS II 772 AE2 Heraclea 305-306 A.D. Alexandria 305-306 A.D. 306-307 A.D.

306-307 A.D.

(3) M., II, p. 554, II. 4 1

GENIO POPVLI ROMANI Genius1.

773 774

AE3 AE3

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter Same

M., III, p. 230, VIII. 3 M., III, p. 232, XIII. 8

MAXIMINUS I 775 776 777 AE2 AE2 AE2 311-312 A.D. Nicomedia 309-311 A.D. Cyzicus 308-309 A.D. Thessalonica 308-309 A.D.

308-313 A.D.

(9) cf. M., II, p. 422, I. 2 M., II, p. 423, II. 3 M., II, p. 428, III. 4 1 1 1

GENIO CAESARIS Genius 1. VIRTVTI EXERCITVS Mars advancing r. IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter 1.

778

AE2

GENIO AVGVSTICMH Genius 1.

M., III, p. 12, II. 3

779 780

AE2 AE2

GENIO CAESARIS Same VIRTVTI EXERCITVS Mars advancing r.

M., III, p. 96, I. 2 M., III, p. 98, IV. 2 M., III, p. 174, V. 1.

1 1

781

AE2

Antioch 311-312 A.D. Uncertain

GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1.

782 783

AE2 AE3

Same CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter

C., 17 C.,9

LICINIUS 1 307-323 A.D.

Rome

(50) M., I, p. 210, I. 2 M., II, p. 160, VII M., II, p. 167, IX

784

AE3

313-317 A.D. Aries 317-320 A.D. 320-823 A.D. Siscia 312-313 A.D. 320-323 A.D. Thessalonica 308-311 A.D. 312-313 A.D.

SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1.

1
2

785 786

AE3 AE3

IOVICONSERVATORI AVG Jupiter on eagle r. LICINIAVG around VOTISXX

1 1
1

787 788

AE2 AE3

Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 317, I. 1 DN LICINIAVGVSTI Wreath with VOT XX M., II, p. 345, VIII IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG NN GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1. IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG NN M., II, p. 423, III. 2; p. 425, I. 2 1. Jupiter M., II, p. 431, I. 2

789 790

AE2 AE2

1
4

CATALOGUE
791 AE3 320-323 A.D. DN LIC LICINIAVGVSTI Wreath with

35
M., II, p. 445, VI 1

VOTXX
792 793 794 795 AE2 AE2 AE8 AE8 Heraclea 812-818 A.D. 813-817 A.D. 317-820 A.D. 820-823 A.D. Nicomedia 813-814 A.D. 315-318 A.D. 318-328 A.D. Cyzicus 313-317 A.D.

IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter1.

Same PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate

M., II, p. 567, IV. 3 M., II, p. 568, I. 1; p. 579, IV. 1 M., II, p. 584, I. 2 M., II, p. 590, I. 1

1 1 1 1

IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter1.

IOVICONSERVATORI Similar IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG Similar IOVICONSERVATORI Similar

796 797* 798

AE2 AE3 AE8

M., III, p. 27, I. 1 M., III, p. 34, V. 1; p. 88, I. 1 M., III, p. 44, I. 1

4 3 12

799 800 801

AE2 AE8 AE8

Same. Similar Same

M., III, p. 111, I. 1; p. 117, I. 1; p. 118, I. 2 M., III, p. 111, I. 1 M., III, p. 119, I. 1

3
1 2

817-318 A.D. Antioch 315-317 A.D. Alexandria 817-318 A.D. Uncertain

IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar

Same. Similar

802

AE8

M., III, p. 187, II. 1 M., III, p. 268, I. 1

803

AE3

Same. Similar

804 805 806 806a

AE2 AE3 AE3 AE

IOVI CONSERVATORI Similar

Same. Similar

IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Similar

Uncertain type

C., 70 C., 74 (1). 86 (1) C., 112

1 2 3
1

LICINIUS II 807 AE8 Ticinum 320-323 A.D. Wreath with VOT V Aries 820-828 A.D. Siscia 320-823 A.D. Heraclea 817-820 A.D. Nicomedia 818-328 A.D. Cyzicus 817-818 A.D. 318-323 A.D. Antioch c. 817 A.D. 317-318 A.D. Uncertain 816 3* AE3

(14) M., II, p. 272, V. 4 1

NOSTRORVM CAESS DOMINORVM

808

AE3

CAESARVM NOSTRORVMSame
Same

M., II, p. 166, V. 3 M., II, p. 345, VI. 3 M., II, p. 584, II. 1 M., III, p. 45, I. 3 M., III, p. 120, II. 1 M., III, p. 123, I. 4

809

AE3

810*

AE8

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate

811

AE3

IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter1.

CAESS Similar IOVICONSERVATORI IOVICONSERVATORI Similar

812 813

AE3 AE3

1
2

814* 815

AE8 AE3

CAESS Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVATORI

C., 43 M., III, p. 193, II. 3

1 1

IOVICONSERVATORI Similar

C., 21

36
Rome 312-313 A.D. 312-317 A.D. 320-324 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
CONSTANTINE I 307-337 A.D. (527; 3 imit.) M., I, p. 204, IV. 1 M., I, p. 203, II. ; p. 210, I. 1 M., I, p. 226, IV. 1 1 15 2

817 818* 819

AE3 AE3 AE3

SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath with VOT XX Same VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard between captives GLORIAEXERCITVS Soldiers with two standards SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath with VOT XX VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives

820 821 822

AE3 AE3 AE3

Aquileia 320-324 A.D.

M., I, p. 322, III M., I, p. 322, IV. 1 M., I, p. 333, III. 1

2
1

833-335 A.D. Ticinum 313-317 A.D. 320-324 A.D.

823* 824 825 826*

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

M., II, p. 249, I. 3 M., II, p. 271, III. 1 M., II, p. 264, II. 1 cf. M., I, p. 426f., I. 2 (1) and I. 5 (1) M., II, p. 39, I. 8 M., II, p. 102, IV. 1 cf. M., II, p. 108, I. 4 cf. M., II, p. 117, VI M., II, p. 161, X. 1; p. 165, I cf. M., II, p. 167, X cf. M., II, p. 194, II. 1

2
1

1 2

Treves 320-324 A.D. London 313-317 A.D. Lyons 313-317 A.D. 317-320 A.D. 320-324 A.D. Arles 317-324 A.D. 320-324 A.D. 335-337 A.D. Siscia 312-313 A.D. 317-324 A.D. 324-326 A.D. 330-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. After 337 A.D.
,,

VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. Same VICTORIAE LAETPRINC PERP Two Victories SARMATIA DEVICTA Victory advancing r. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories SARMATIA DEVICTA Victory advancing r. GLORIAEXERCITVS Soldiers with one standard IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG NN Jupiter 1. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r.

827 828 829* 830* 831 832* 833*

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

1 1 1

2 1 1

834 835* 836 837 838 839* 840 841 842 843 844* 845 846

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

M., II, p. 317, I. 4 M., II, p. 336, V. 2 and 4; p. 344, II M., II, p. 352, I M., II, p. 358, I. 1; p. 361, I. 1 M., II, p. 362, IV. 1 C., 716 C., 760 M., II, p. 431, I. 5

4 4 1
1

Thessalonica 312-313 A.D. 313-320 A.D. 317-320 A.D. 320-324 A.D.

,,

M., II, p. 433, II. 2; p. 436, I. 2 1. M., II, p. 437, V. 2 Victory advancing DN CONSTANTINI AVG around VOT XX C., 119 DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., II, p. 444, III with VOT XX VICTORIAAVGG NN VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives M., II, p. 448, X. 1

IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG NN Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVATORI Same

2
1

1
15

CATALOGUE
847 848 849 850* 851 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 324-326 A.D. 833-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. After 337 A.D.
,,

37
M., II, p. 461, I. 1 (5); p. 461, I. 2 (1) M., II, p. 473, III. 1 and p. 475, I (6); C., 255 (2) M., II, p. 476, IV. 1 C., 716 C., 760 6 8 1 4 1

PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r.

852 853 854 855 856 857 858

AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4

Heraclea 312-313 A.D. 324-326 A.D.

AVGG Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVATORI DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath with VOT XX Same. Wreath with VOT XXX

M., II, p. 567, IV. 2 M., II, p. 596, II M., II, pp. 598f., VIII. 1 (1) and 3 (1) M., II, p. 604, III. 1 and p. 606, I. 1 (6); C., 255 (1) M., II, p. 607, II. 1 M., II, p. 608, II M., II, p. 608, III

2 4 2 7 2 2 2

333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. After 337 A.D.

,,

GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r.

859 860 861 862 863 864

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4

Constantinople 324-330 A.D. 326-330 A.D. 330-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. After 337 A.D. ,, Nicomedia 315-318 A.D. 317-324 A.D. 324-326 A.D. ,,
,,

AVGG Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE GLORIAROMANORVM Roma seated 1. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r.

M., II, p. 492, I; p. 503, I. 1 M., II, p. 505, V. 1 M., II, p. 518, III. 1; p. 529, III. 1; p. 533, I. 1 M., II, p. 534, IV. 1 M., II, p. 548, II. 1 M., II, p. 548, I. 1 M., III, p. 34, V. 2; p. 38, I. 2 C., 635 M., III, p. 56, VII M., III, p. 53, I. 1 cf. C., 462 M., III, p. 73, I. 1 (16); C., 255 (1) M., III, p. 74, IV. 1 M., III, p. 81, XV M., III, p. 82, XVI C., 73 M., III, p. 112, II. 2 M., III, p. 112, I. 2; p. 118, I. 1 M., III, p. 119, I. 2 C., 123 M., III, p. 126, I. If. (6); p. 127, I. 3 (2) M., III, p. 133, III. 2 (1); p. 133, III. 4 and p. 137, III. 1 (10) M., III, p. 138, IV. 1

1 2 23 12 23 23

865 866* 867 868 869* 870* 871 872 873 874* 875 876 877 878* 879 880 881

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

AVGG Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVATORI PRINC PERP Two VICTORIAE LAETAE Victories DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath with VOT XXX PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate PROVIDENTIA (sic) CAESS Same GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard

1 1 1 8 1 17 8 13 13 1 1 2 1 2 8 11 2

335-337 A.D.

After 337 A.D.

VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r.

Cyzicus c. 307 A.D. 313-314 A.D. 313-317 A.D. 317-318 A.D. 320-324 A.D. 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D.

KART SVAE Woman CONSERVATORES in temple GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1. IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG Similar DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath with VOT XX PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard

38
882 883 884 885 886* 887 888 889 890 891 892 893* 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 914a 915 AE4 AE4 Antioch 315-317 A.D. 317-324 A.D. 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. After 337 A.D. After 337 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 141, II M., III, p. 140, I M., III, p. 187, II. 2 M., III, p. 188, IV C., 640 M., III, p. 202, I. 1 (5); p. 202, I. 2 (1) M., III, p. 210, I. 1; p. 212, I M., III, p. 212, II. 1 M., III, p. 217, II M., III, p. 217, I M., III, p. 232, XIII. 4 C., 546 M., III, p. 278, IV. 1 M., III, p. 281, II C., 558 C., 536 C., 283 C., 291 C., 297 C., 301 C., 15 C., 635 (2). 638 (1). 640 (1) C., 123 cf. C., 129 C., 690 C., 737 (1). 741 (1) C., 454 C., 462 C., 254 C., 250 (8). C? (5) C., 313 (4). 314 (2) C., 716 C., 760 21
11

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE2 AE3 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE AE

IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG Jupiter1. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Campgate VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Two
Victories

3 1
2

PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Campgate

GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r.

6 13 4 7 2 1 2
1

Alexandria c. 307 A.D. 313-317 A.D. 335-337 A.D. After 337 A.D. Uncertain

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard VN MR Pietas r. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. Same AVGG Similar IOVICONSERVATORI Same BEATATRANQVILLITAS Altar PRINC PERP Two VICTORIAE LAETAE Victories DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath with VOT XX Same. Wreath with VOT XXX VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Same GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard IVSTVEN MEM Aequitas 1. VN MR Pietas r. No legend. Quadriga r. Uncertain type Barbarous imitation of VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP FAUSTA (1)

2 1 6 2
1 1 1 1 4 5S

1 1 2 6 1 4 13 6 71 28 7 3

916*

AE3

Cyzicus 324-326 A.D.

SALVS REIPVBLICAEEmpress and children C., 6 HELEN (17) M., II, p. 353, III

917

AE3

Siscia 324-326 A.D.

SECVRITAS REIPVBLICESecuritas 1.

CATALOGUE
918 919 920* 921 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 Heraclea 324-326 A.D. Constantinople 335-337 A.D. Cyzicus 335-337 A.D. Uncertain Same C.,4 Same PAX PVBLICA Pax 1. Same M., II, p. 597, VI M., II, p. 535, VI C.,4

39
1
9

3 3

THEODORA (1) 922 AE4 Constantinople 335-337 A.D. PIETASROMANA Pietas r. M., II, p. 536, VII. 2 1

URBS ROMA (90)

Rome

923* 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931*

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4

After 333 A.D. Treves After 330 A.D. Siscia After 330 A.D. Thessalonica After 333 A.D. Heraclea After 333 A.D. Constantinople After 330 A.D. 335-340 A.D. Nicomedia After 335 A.D. After 337 A.D. Cyzicus After 333 A.D. Antioch After 333 A.D. Uncertain

No legend. Wolf and twins Same Same Same Same Same GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard No legend. Wolf and twins VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

M., I, p. 255, II M., I, p. 479, II M., II, p. 359, III; p. 362, III M., II, p. 473, II; p. 475, III M., II, p. 603, I; p. 605 M., II, p. 518, II; p. 528, I; p. 534, II M., II, p. 538, XII. 1 M., III, p. 74, III; p. 75, V C., 10

1 1 2 15 4 14 7 4 2

932

AE3

No legend. Wolf and twins

M., III, p. 132, I; p. 137, I

18

933

AE3

Same

M., III, p. 210, II; p. 213, III

934 935 936

AE3 AE3 AE4

Same GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

C., 17 C., 1 C., 10

11

4 5

CONSTANTINOPLE 937* AE3 Arles After 330 A.D. Thessalonica After 333 A.D. After 335 A.D. No legend. Victory 1.

(74) M., II, p. 188, II; p. 190, II; p. 195, III M., II, p. 472, I M., II, p. 475, II 1

938 939

AE3 AE4

Same Same

5 5

40
940 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 Heraclea After 333 A.D. 335-340 A.D. After 337 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Same M., II, p. 603, II M., II, p. 607, II. 7 6 3

941
942* 943 944 945* 946 947 948 949 950

Onestandard GLORIA EXERCITVS XXX in wreath VOTXX MVLT

C., 20
M., II, p. 518, I. 1; p. 529, IIL1;

I 7 6 I
13

Cofnstantinople No legend. Victory 1. After 330 A.D. 335-340 A.D. After 330 A.D. Nicomedia After 335 A.D. 335-340 A.D. Cyziens After 333 A.D. Antioch After 333 A.D. Alexandria After 335 A.D. Uncertain

p. 534, III

Onestandard GLORIA EXERCITVS

No legend. Wolf and twins No legend. Victory 1.

M., II, p. 538, XII. 2

C., 24
M., III, p. 74, II M., III, p. 75, IV. 8 M., III, p. 133, II; p. 137, II M., III, p. 210, III

Onestandard GLORIA EXERCITVS

No legend. Victory I.

1
10

Same Same Same Onestandard GLORIA EXERCITVS VOTXX MVLT XXX in wreath Uncertaintype
POPULUS ROMANUS (1)

M., III, p. 277, III C., 21

C., 4f.

1 5
4 2

951
952 953

AE3 AES AE3 AE

C., 20

953a

954

AE4

Constantinople After 335 A.D.

Star in wreath

M., II, p. 536, IX

CRISPUS 955 AE3 Rome 320-324 A.D. Aquileia 317-320 A.D. Treves 320-324 A.D. Arles 317-320 A.D. 317-324 A.D. 320-324 A.D. Siscia 320-324 A.D.

(33) M., I, p. 233, XI. 1

NOSTORVM Wreath with CAESARVMY

VOTX
956 957 958 959* 960 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

Prince1. IVVENTVTIS PRINCIPIA Altar TRANQVILLITAS BEATA IVVENTVTIS Prince1. PRINCIPIA LAETAE PERP Two PRINC VICTORIAE Victories NOSTRORVMWreathwith CAESARVM VOTX Same PERP TwoVictories PRINC VICTLAETAE VIRTVS EXERCITStandard, captives Altar BEATA TRANQVILLITAS Wreathwith NOSTRORVM CAESARVM VOTX

M., I, p. 318, III M., I, p. 431, V. 24

1
2

M., II, p. 160, VIII C., 154; cf. M., II, p. 162, XII. 1 M., II, p. 168, XI. 1

I 1 1

961
962 963 964* 965

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

M., II, p. 348, XIII. 1 M., II, p. 343, L. 7

M., II, p. 346, X. I 0., 19

M., II, p. 449, XI. I

1 1 1 I

Thessalonica 317-326 A.D. 320-324 A.D.

CATALOGUE
966 967 968 969 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 320-324 A.D.
,.

41
M., II, p. 443, I. 1 M., II, p. 449, X. 4 M., II, p. 584, II. 2 M., II, p. 596, III. 1 1 1 2
1

Same. Wreath with VOT V VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives CAESS Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE DOMINOR NOSTROR CAESS Wreath with VOT X PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate Same

Heraclea 317-320 A.D. 324-326 A.D. Nicomedia 324-326 A.D. Cyzicus 324-326 A.D. Uncertain

970 971

AE3

M., III, p. 54, II. 1 M., III, p. 127, II. 1 (1); C., 116 (1) C., 80 (1). 81 (1) cf. C., 87 C., 110 C., 30 C.,46 C., 140 C., 167 C., 115 (1). 125 (1)

2 2

AE3

972 973* 974 975 976 977 978 979

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

IOVICONSERVATORI CAESS Jupiter 1. PRINCIPIIWENT Prince advancing r. PRINCIPIAIWENTVTIS Prince r. CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with VOT V Same. Wreath with VOT X VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP Two Victories VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

CONSTANTINE II
Rome

337-340 A.D.

(168) M., I, p. 238, II. 2 M., I, p. 322, I. 5 2 1

980 981

AE3 AE3

324-326 A.D. Aquileia 320-324 A.D. Treves 330-333 A.D. Lyons 317-320 A.D. Siscia 317-320 A.D. 320-324 A.D.

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with VOT V GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards VICTORIAE LAETPRINC PERP Two Victories VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Same VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP Same CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with VOT V

982 983

AE3 AE3

M., I, p. 481, III. 2 M., II, p. 108, I. 11

1 1

984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992* 993 994 995 996

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

M., II, p. 337, V. 8 M., II, p. 343, I. 8 M., II, p. 345, VI. 2 M., II, p. 347, X. 3 M., II, p. 352, II. 2 M., II, p. 358, I. 3; p. 362, I. 2 M., II, p. 362, IV. 2 M., II, p. 443, I. 4 M., II, p. 449, XI. 2 M., II, p. 449, X. 5 M., II, p. 461, II. 2 M., II, p. 473, III. 2; p. 475, I M., II, p. 476, IV. 2

1 1
2

324-326 A.D. 330-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. Thessalonica 320-324 A.D.

VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with VOT V Same. Wreath with VOT X VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard

1 1
2 1

4 3
1

324-326 A.D.

326 AD.

3 2
1

333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D.

42
997* AE3 337-340 A.D. Heraclea 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Same C., 244 (1). 246 (7) (under Constantine I) M., II, p. 597, V. 2 M., II, p. 604, III. 2; p. 606, I. 2 M., II, p. 607, II. 2 C., 253 (Constantine I) C., 244 (Constantine I) M., II, p. 493, II. 2; p. 503, II. 1 M., II, p. 518, III. 2; p. 529, III. 2; p. 533, I. 2 M., II, p. 535, IV. 2 C., 244 (5). 246 (1). 249 (8) (all Constantine I) M., III, p. 38, II. 2 M., III, p. 40, III. 6 M., III, p. 74, I. 2 M., III, p. 75, IV. 2 C., 246 (2). 249 (5) (Constantine I) M., III, p. 127, II. 3 M., III, p. 134, III. 5; p. 137, III. 2 M., III, p. 138, IV. 2 C., 246 (1). 249 (4) (Constantine I) M., III, p. 202, II. 2 M., III, p. 210, I. 2; p. 212, I C., 253 (Constantine I) M., III, p. 276, I. 2 C., 133 C., 16 C., 38 C., 246 C., 165 C., 122 C., 253 (Constantine I) C., 114 C., 244 (2). 246 (3). 247 (1). 249 (6) (all Constantine I) 8

998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same. Two standards Same. One standard

5 7 3 1 3

Constantinople 324-330 A.D. 330-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. Nicomedia 317-318 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. Cyzicus 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. Antioch 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. Alexandria 335-337 A.D. Uncertain

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same

7 3 14

1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

IOVICONSERVATORI CAESS Jupiter 1. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Same GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same.
Same

1 1 8 1 7 4 10 8 5 3 4 1

One standard

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same Same IOVI CONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. BEATATRANQVILLITAS Altar CAESARVM NOSTRORVM Wreath with VOT X VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same Same. One standard Same

3 1 1 1 3 3 6 2 3 12

CONSTANTIUS 11 337-361 A.D.

Rome

(1855; 3 imit.) M., I, p. 238, II. 3 C., 99 1 1

1029* 1030

AE3 AE3

324-326 A.D. 337-340 A.D.

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard

CATALOGUE
1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE3 337-361 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D. 348-361 A.D. Aquileia 337-361 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 348-361 A.D. Siscia 330-337 A.D. 337-361 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D. 348-361 A.D. Sirmium 337-361 A.D. 348-353 A.D. 348-361 A.D. Thessalonica 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D. 348-361 A.D. SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. DD AVGGQ NN VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 188 Two Victories C., 293 C., 335 C., 44 C., 45 (2). 47 (4) C., 188 C., 196

43
3 2 1
2

FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier, fallen horseman Same

1036 1037 1038 1039

AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3

SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

2
1 1

VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 45 (2). 47 (4) GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 358, I. 2; p. 362, I. 3 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 188 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 44 (1). 46 (1)
Same

1040 1041 1042 1043 1044

AE3 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE3

4 2 2 9

C., 45 (3). 47 (6) C., 188 C., 46 C., 45 (3). 47 (6)

1045 1046 1047

AE3 AE2 AE3

SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman Same

3 1
9

1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060*

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VICT AVG Victory advancing 1.

M., II, p. 461, II. 3 M., II, p. 473, III. 3; p. 475, I M., II, p. 476, IV. 3 C., 94 C., 188 C., 196

1 6 1 1 33 1 20 1 9 82 3
10

VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 335 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 44 (2). 46 (7) Same C., 45 (30). 47 (52) Same Same. Emperor 1. on ship Same. Emperor 1., foot on captive C., 48 C., 33 (4). 36 (6) cf. C., 38 M., II, p. 597, V. 3 M., II, p. 604, III. 3; p. 606, I. 3 M., II, p. 607, II. 3 C., 95 (3). 96 (2). 99 (1). 102 (1). 103 (1) C., 188 C., 196 C., 335 C., 39 C., 44 (3). 46 (2) C., 45 (15). 47 (13)

1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3

Heraclea 324-326 A.D. 383-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D.

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor 1., two seated captives Same. Fallen horseman Same

2 6 1 8 10 1 11 1 5 28

348-361 A.D.

44
1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3 348-361 A.D. Nicomedia 324-326 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D. Constantinople 326-330 A.D. 330-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D.

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Campgate
GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same M., II, p. 503, II. 2 M., II, p. 519, III. 3; p. 529, III. 3; p. 533, I. 3 M., II, p. 535, IV. 3 C., 99 (2). 102 (19) C., 188 C., 196 C., 293 C., 335 C., 41 C., 44 (11). 46 (3) C., 45 (36). 47 (89) M., III, p. 55, III. 4 M., III, p. 54, II. 4f. M., III, p. 74, I. 3 M., III, p. 75, IV. 4 C., 95 (5). 98 (1). 99 (1). 100 (1). 102 (11) C., 188 C.,196 C., 335 C., 41 C., 44 (2). 46 (1) C., 45 (14). 47 (41) C.,33 C.,57 M., III, p. 128, II. 5 M., III, p. 134, III. 8; p. 138, III. 3 M., III, p. 139, IV. 3 C., 98 (1). 99 (2). 100 (1). 101 (1). 102 (11). 103 (1)
C., 188

1 9 3 21 42 1 1 28 2 14 125 3 3 5 2 19 12 2 24 1 3 55 1 1 1 13 5 17 49 2 1 1 39 1 3 86 2 1 4

1. REIPVBLICE SPES Emperor

VICT AVG Victory advancing 1.

DD AVGGQNN Two VICTORIAE

Victories

XXX in wreath VOTXX MVLT

FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor driving captives Same. Fallen horseman Same CAES Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Same PROVIDENTIAE GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor driving captives Same. Fallen horseman Same Same. Emperor 1. on ship Same. Phoenix

1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108* 1109

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

348-361 A.D.

Cyzicus 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D.

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Camp gate GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. VICTORIAAVGG Same DD AVGGQ NN VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D.

C., 196 C., 209 Two Victories C., 293 C., 335 C., 39 C., 44 (1). 46 (2) C., 45 (31). 47 (55) C.,57 M., III, p. 202, II. 3 M., III, p. 210, I. 3; p. 212, I

FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor 1., two seated captives Same. Fallen horseman Same Same. Phoenix

348-361 A.D.

Antioch 324-326 A.D. 333-337 A.D.

CAESS Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards

CATALOGUE
1110

45
C., 95 (3). 98 (4). 99 (1) C., 188 C., 335 C., 44 C., 45 (13). 47 (25) M., III, p. 276, I. 3 C., 97 (1). 99 (1) C., 188 C., 335 C., 45 (6). 47 (5) 8 5 29 2 38

AE3 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE AE

337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-353 A.D. 348-361 A.D. Alexandria 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-361 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-361 A.D. Uncertain

Same. One standard SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VOT XX MVLTXXX Same GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman in wreath FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman

1111
1112

1113 1114

1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1130a 1131

1 2 3 2
11

CAESor CAESS Camp gate cf. C., 167f. PROVIDENTIAE GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards C., 104 Same. One standard C., 92 (1). 95-103 (32) SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 188 VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. VICTORIAAVGG Same C., 196 C., 209

3 2 33 179 5 1 5 113 16 472 1 22 3

VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 335 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 44. 46 Same C., 45. 47 Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 Uncertain type Barbarous imitation FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman

CONSTANS 1 337-350 A.D. 1132 1133 1134 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 Rome 337-340 A.D. 337-350 A.D. 340-348 A.D. Aquileia 337-340 A.D. 340-348 A.D. Aries 337-340 A.D. 343-348 A.D. Siscia 337-350 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. Thessalonica 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-350 A.D. 340-348 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard

(434) C., 60 C., 102 1 1

2

SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN C., 54 Two Victories C., 176

1135 1136

1 1

1137* 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146

AE3 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

cf. C., 62 C., 197

(PLATE 2)

1
2

SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 106 DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (3). 179 (1) VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197 GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard M., II, p. 473, III. 4; p. 475, I M., II, p. 476, IV. 4

1
4 1

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3

1 1 7 1 26

Same C., 54 (6). 59 (1) SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 106 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (13). 179 (13)

46
1147 1148 1149 AE4 AE2 AE3 Heraclea 337-340 A.D. 343-348 A.D. Constantinople 333-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 337-350 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-350 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197 C., 11 C., 10 3 1 20 FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor 1. on ship Same

1150 1151

AE3 AE4

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

C., 59 (2). 60 (1). 68 (1) C., 197

4 11

1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE3 AE3

GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

M., II, p. 529, III. 4; p. 533, I. 4 C., 47 (2). 49 (2). 50 (1) C., 54 (1). 59 (5). 60 (21) C., 102 C., 106

3 5 27 1 1 1 4 12 2 1 7

340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-350 A.D.

VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. C., 119 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (2). 179 (2) VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197 FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier dragging C., 18 captive r. Same. Emperor 1. on ship Same. Fallen horseman C., 10 C., 16

1163 1164 1165

AE3 AE3 AE4

Nicomedia 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 343-348 A.D. Cyzicus 338-337 A.D. 335-337 A.D. 337-340 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. 348-350 A.D.

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard Same VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

M., III, p. 75, IV. 5 (4); C., 50 (2) 6 16 C., 54 (2). 58 (1). 59 (5). 60 (8) 26 197 C.,

1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3

GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard

M., III, p. 134, III. 11; p. 138, III. 4

4 5 28 2 31 1
1 2

M., III, p. 139, IV. 4 Same C., 54 (3). 59 (9). 60 (12). 65 (1). 68 (3) DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (1). 179 (1) VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197 FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier dragging captive r. Same. Fallen horseman Same C., 18 C., 15 C., 16

1174 1175 1176

AE3 AE3 AE4

Antioch 335-337 A.D. 343-348 A.D.

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard VOT XV MVLTXX VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath in wreath

M., III, p. 213, II. 4 C., 196 C., 197

1 2 5

1177 1178 1179

AE3 AE3 AE4

Alexandria 337-340 A.D. 340-348 A.D. 343-348 A.D. Uncertain

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard

C., 53 (1). 59 (1). 67 (1) DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 179 VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197

3
1 1

1180 1181

AE3 AE3

GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard

C., 72 (1). 75 (1) C., 47 (1). 49 (1). 50 (1). 53 (1). 54 (4). 59 (5). 60 (11). 62 (1). 65 (1). ? (2)

2 28

CATALOGUE
1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1191 a AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE2 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE SECVRITAS REIP Securitas facing C., 102

47
1 7 22 1 62
1 1

SPES REIPVBLICE 1. C., 106 Emperor VICTORIAE DD AVGGQNN TwoVictories C., 176 (14). 179 (8) VOTXV MVLT XX in wreath C., 196
VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier dragging captive r. Same. Emperor 1. on ship Same Same. Fallen horseman Same. Phoenix Uncertain type C., 197 C., 18 C., 11 C., 10 C., 16 C., 22

2
9 1

DELMA TIUS 1192 1193* AE3 AE3 Constantinople 335-337 A.D. Nicomedia 335-337 A.D. Uncertain 335-337 A.D.

(4) M., II, p. 535, IV. 5 cf. M., III, p. 75, IV. 6
C., 6

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard Same

1
1

1194 1195

AE3 AE3

Same Same. Two standards

1 1

C., 11

VETRANIO 1196 AE2 Thessalonica 350 A.D.

350 A.D.

(1)
C., 1

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1.

MAGNENTIUS 1197* AE2 Treves 350-353 A.D. Uncertain 1197 a AE Uncertain type

350-353 A.D.

(2) cf. C., 70 1

VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES Two Victories

CONSTANTIUS 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203* AE3 AE3 AE3 AE2 AE3 AE3 Heraclea 351-354 A.D. Constantinople 351-354 A.D. Rome 351-354 A.D. Siscia 851-354 A.D. Sirmium 351-354 A.D. Thessalonica 351-354 A.D.

GALLUS

(123) C., 9 C., 10 (1). 12 (1). 14 (1). 18 (1) C., 14 C., 3 C., 12 (3). 14 (1). ? (1) C., 9 (2). 10 (1). 14 (1). 18 (2). cf. 16 (2) C., 8 (3). 11 (1) C., 9 (6). 12 (4). 14 (1). 18 (2) cf. C., 36 1
4

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman Same Same CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman Same

1 1

5
8

1204 1205 1206*

AE2 AE3 AE3

Same Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

4 13 2

48
1207 1208 1209 1210 AE2 AE3 AE2 AE3 Alexandria 351-354 A.D. Uncertain 1212 1213 1214 1215 1215 a AE2 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE
Cyzicus

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Nicomedia 351-354 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman Same 351-354 A.D. Same Same C., 7 (. 16 (1) (1). 9 10 C., (6). (1). 18 (2). cf. 16 (1) C., 8 (3). 11 (1) C., 9 (2). 12 (4). 14 (2). 18 (2). cf. 16 (2) C., 18 C., 1 C., 7 (1). 8 (5). 11 (2) C., 9 (12). 12 (8). 14 (5). 18 (5). cf. 16 (1). ? (6) cf. C., 36 2
10

4 12

1211

AE3

Same CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. Uncertain type

1 8 37 4 5

JULIAN II
Rome

361-363 A.D.

(283) C., 14 (1).18 (1) C., 45 C., 14 cf. C., 47 C., 50 C., 14 C., 151 C., 13 C., 41 (1). 42 (2) C., 9 (1). 16 (1). 19 (8) C., 41 (1). 43 (1). 45 (5). 47 (1). ? (1) C., 38 C., 151 C.,10 C., 45 (1). ? (1) C., 151 C., 14 (2). 16 (1). 18 (1). 19 (7) C., 42 (2). 43 (1). 45 (7). 47 (1). ? (4) C., 48 (1). 51 (2) C.,38 C., 151 2
1

1216 1217 1218 1219* 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226* 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE1 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE1 AE3

355-360 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

Aquileia 355-360 A.D. Lyons 355-360 A.D. 361-363 A.D. Siscia 355-360 A.D. 361-363 A.D. Sirmium 355-360 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. Same FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

1 1

2
1

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

1
3

Thessalonica 355-360 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

10 9 2 20 1
2 1

361-363 A.D.

SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

Hera lea 355-360 A.D. 361-363 A.D. Constantinople 355-360 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

11 15 3 2 8

361-363 A.D.

Same SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

CATALOGUE
1237* 1238* 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252* AE3 AE3 AE3 AE1 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE1 AE3 ntioch
Antioch

49
C., 9 (2). 10 (1). 14 (1). 19 (1). C. NOT (1) C., 41 (1). 43 (1). ? (2). C. NOT (1) (PLATE 2) C.,50 C., 38 C., 151 C., 13 (1). 14 (1). 15 (1). 16 (2). 19 (3). ? (2) C., 45 (1). 47 (3). ? (1) C., 51 C.,38 C.,151 C., 14 (1). 18 (1). 19 (2) C., 42 (1). 45 (1). ? (1) C., 150 (1). 151 (3) C., 151 C., 51 C., 9 (1). 10 (4). 14 (9). 16 (4). 18 (2). 19 (19). ? (13). C. NOT (2) 41 C., (2). 42 (1). 43 (7). 44 (1). 45 (8). 47 (4). 48 (4). 50 (2). 51 (2). ? (30). C. NOT (3) C., 52 C., 151 6 5 2
1 1

Nicomedia 355-360 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

361-363 A.D.

Same SECVRITAS REIPVB Bull r. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

Cyzicus 355-360 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. Same REIPVB Bull r. SECVRITAS VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

10 5 5
1

361-363 A.D.

2 4 3 4 3
1

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3

355-360 A.D. 361-363 A.D. Alexandria 361-363 A.D.

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VOT X MVLTXX Same SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. in wreath

Uncertain AE3 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 54

1253*

AE3

SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1.

64

1254 1255 1255a

AE3 AE3 AE

VICTORIAAVGG Victory advancing 1. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath Uncertain type HOUSE OF CONSTANTINE
Rome

3 6 6

(1419) 1
2 1 1

FEL TEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard Same. One or two standards FEL TEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. FEL TEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard Same. One or two standards CAESS Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard Same. One or two standards 4

1
2 1

REIP Securitas facing SECVRITAS DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories VICTORIAE VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath Aquileia VOT XX MVLTXXX Siscia in wreath

4 1 Sirmium 2

DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

1
2

Thessalonica 17 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 4 DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories VICTORIAE 2 XXX in wreath VOT XX MVLT 1 Heraclea 5 2 2 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VICTAVG or VICTORIAAVGG Victory advancing 1. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

3 4

1 1
5

50

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Constantinople 45 Same. One or two standards 1 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 2 DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories VICTORIAE 13 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath Nicomedia 22 1 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 4 DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories VICTORIAE 2 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath 21 1 7 7
1

FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman Same. Emperor 1. on ship GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard Same. One or two standards FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards Same. One standard

3
17 1

10

7 2 11 1 13 14 1 6

Cyzicus

Same. One or two standards SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. XXX in wreath VOT XX MVLT VICTAVG or VICTORIAAVGG Victory advancing 1. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

Antioch

Fallenhorseman REPARATIO TEMP FEL

GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard

1. REIPVBLICE SPES Emperor Fallenhorseman REPARATIO TEMP FEL Onestandard EXERCITVS GLORIA
CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen hon Same. Emperor 1. on ship GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standar Same. One standard Same. One or two standards CAESS Camp gate PROVIDENTIAE

Alexandrt ia 1 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 1 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath 1 517 2 8 62 22 2 Uncertai& SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. VICTAVG or VICTORIAAVGG Victory advancing 1. DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories VICTORIAE PRINC PERP Two Victories LAETAE VICTORIAE VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath Uncertain type

1 319 4 14
1

146 26

JOVIAN 1256 AE1 Thessalonica 363-364 A.D. Heraclea 363-364 A.D.

863-364 A.D.

(13) C., 23 1

VICTORIAROMANORVM Emperor r.

1257 1258

AE3 AE3

VOT V in wreath VOT V MVLTX in wreath

C., 31 (1). 32 (1) C., 34

2 2

1259

AE3

Constantinople 363-364 A.D. Cyzicus 863-364 A.D. Antioch 363-364 A.D. Uncertain

VOT V in wreath

C., 32

1260*

AE3

VOT V MVLTX in wreath

C., 35

1261

AE3

VOT V in wreath

C., 31

1262 1263 1263 a

AE3 AE3 AE

Same VOT V MVLTX in wreath Uncertain type

C., 31 (1). 32 (1) C., 35

2
1 1

VALENTINIAN 1264 1265 AE3 AE3 Rome 364-367 A.D. 364-375 A.D.

I 364-375 A.D.

(224; 1 imit.) RIC, IX, p. 119,15a RIC, IX, pp. 120f., 17a. 24a 1 3

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor dragging captive r. REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS advancing 1.

CATALOGUE
1266 1267 1268* 1269 1270 1271* 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1295a 1296 AE3 AE3 AE8 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE8 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE1 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE AE Antioch 364-367 A.D. 364-375 A.D.
,,

51
RIC, IX, p. 95, 9a RIC, IX, pp. 95f., 7a. 1 a RIC, IX, p. 146, 5a RIC, IX, p. 146, 7a RIC, IX, p. 147,15a RIC, IX, p. 147,14a RIC, IX, p. 176,17a RIC, IX, p. 176,16a RIC, IX, p. 176,18a RIC, IX, p. 178, 27a RIC, IX, p. 178, 26a RIC, IX, p. 191, 3a RIC, IX, p. 214, 15 RIC, IX, p. 215, 20a RIC, IX, p. 214, 16a RIC, IX, p. 215, 21 a RIC, IX, p. 221, 42a RIC, IX, p. 252,12a RIC, IX, p. 252, 9a RIC, IX, p. 240, 10a RIC, IX, pp. 240f., 8a. 12a RIC, IX, p. 241, 11a. 13a RIC, IX, p. 274, 11 a RIC, IX, p. 274, 10a; p. 281, 35a RIC, IX, p. 275, 12a; p. 281, 36a RlC, IX, p. 298, 2a RIC, IX, pp. 298f., 3a. 5a C., 21 C., 12 C., 37 1
2

Aquileia 364-367 A.D. 364-875 A.D. Siscia 864-367 A.D. 867-375 A.D.

Same

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive Same SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory

Same

2 2 2 2 1 13 18
9

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive Thessalonica 864-367 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory
Same

367-375 A.D.

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive Heraclea 864-367 A.D. Constantinople 864-367 A.D. Same RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAEEmperor r. RESTITVTOR REIP Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory 367-375 A.D. Nicomedia 364-367 A.D. Same

12 2 1 4 12 13 1

Same

4 3

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive Cyzicus 364-867 A.D. 864-375 A.D. RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS REIP Emperor 1. RESTITVTOR GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor 1. REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS REIP Emperor 1. RESTITVTOR GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS Uncertain type Barbarous imitation of SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE

1 7
10

1 7 4 1
3

Alexandria 864-367 A.D. 364-375 A.D. Uncertain

2 36 43 1 1

VALENS
Rorne

364-378 A.D. (521) RIC, IX, p. 119,15b RIC, IX, pp. 120-122, 17b. 24b. 28b 1 6

1297* 1298 4*

AE3 AE8

364-367 A.D. 364-378 A.D.

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS

52
Treves

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 Constantinople 364-367 A.D. Arg. (PI.) AE3 364-367 A.D. AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 Cyzicus 364-367 A.D. 364-375 A.D.
,,

1299* 1300 1301* 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310

367-375 A.D. Aries 375-378 A.D. Siscia 364-367 A.D. 367-375 A.D.

Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive Same SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive

RIC, IX, p. 20, 32b RIC, IX, p. 66, 18a RIC, IX, p. 146, 5b RIC, IX, p. 146, 7b RIC, IX, p. 147, 15b RIC, IX, p. 147, 14b RIC, IX, p. 176, 16b RIC, IX, p. 176, 18b RIG, IX, p. 178, 27b RIC, IX, p. 178, 26b RIC, IX, pp. 191f., 3b-c RIC, IX, p. 192, 5b-c cf. RIG, IX, p. 211, 11 h-i RIC, IX, p. 214, 16b-c RIC, IX, p. 216, 21b-c RIC, IX, p. 221, 42b RIC, IX, p. 220, 41 b RIC, IX, p. 252, 9b-c RIC, IX, p. 252, lib RIC, IX, p. 252, 12b-c RIC, IX, p. 241, 10b RIC, IX, pp. 240f., 8b. 12b RIC, IX, p. 241, lib. 13b RIC, IX, p. 275, 12b RIC, IX, p. 274, lOb-c; p. 281, 35b RIC, IX, pp. 298f., lb. 4b RIC, IX, pp. 298f., 3b. 5b C., 29 C., 11 C., 47

1 1 4 2 9 1

Thessalonica 364-367 A.D. 367-375 A.D.

Same REIPVBLICAEVictory SECVRITAS Same GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive

33 62 15 36 4
1

Heraclea 364-367 A.D.

Same SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory VOT V in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive

1311* 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323

1 25 31 7 5 10 1 8 1 17 27

367-375 A.D.

Nicomedia 364-367 A.D.

Same RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive

Antioch 364-367 A.D. 364-375 A.D. Alexandria

1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1328 a

AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE

364-375 A.D. Uncertain

Same SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor r. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory Uncertain type PROCOPIUS 365-366 A.D.

1 1

3 80 111 3

(5) RIC, IX, p. 215, 18 Pearce, p. 78, 150 1

3

1329 1330*

AE3 AE4

Constantinople 365-366 A.D.

REPARATIO FELTEMP Emperor r. No legend. Cross in wreath

CATALOGUE
1331 AE3 Cyzicus 365-366 A.D. REPARATIO FELTEMP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 240, 9

53
1

GRATIAN
Rome

367-383A.D.

(165) RIC, IX, p. 121, 24c RIC, IX, p. 125, 43a 2 8

1332 1333

AE3 AE2

367-375 A.D. 378-383 A.D.

SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor raising woman

1334* 1335 1336 1337

Sil. (PI.) AE2 AE3 AE4

Aquileia 378-383 A.D.

GLORIA ROMANORVM Roma seated REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath

RIC NOT (PLATE 2) RIC, IX, p. 100, 30a RIC, IX, p. 101, 32a RIC, IX, p. 102, 38a

1
5 1 1

1338

AE2

Aries 378-383 A.D. Siscia 367-375 A.D. 378-383 A.D. To Thessalonica 367-375 A.D. 378-383 A.D.

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman

RIG, IX, p. 67, 20a

1339 1340 1341 1342

AE3 AE3 AE2 AE4

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory VOT XV MVLTXX REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman in wreath

RIC, IX, p. 147, 14c-d RIC, IX, p. 147, 15c RIC, IX, p. 150, 26a RIC, IX, p. 152, 31 a

2 1
4 1

1343 1344 1345 1346 1347

AE3 AE3 AE2 AE3 AE4

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VIRTVSROMANORVM Roma seated VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath

RIC, IX, p. 178, 26c RIC, IX, p. 178, 27 c RIC, IX, p. 181, 37a RIG, IX, p. 182, 42 RIC, IX, p. 182, 43 RIC, IX, p. 196, 18a RIC, IX, p. 196, 20a

8 6 27 1 5

1348 1349

AE4 AE4

Heraclea 378-383 A.D.

VOT V in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

1
6

1350 1351 1352

AE3 AE3 AE4

Constantinople 367-375 A.D. 378-383 A.D. Nicomedia 378-383 A.D.

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

RIC, IX, p. 220, 41 c RIG, IX, p. 221, 42c RIC, IX, p. 229, 64a RIC, IX, p. 257, 27a RIC, IX, p. 258, 30a RIG, IX, p. 259, 37a RIC, IX, p. 259, 39a RIC, IX, p. 241, 12c RIC, IX, p. 241, 13c RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 a RIG, IX, p. 244, 22a RIC, IX, p. 281, 36c RIC, IX, p. 289, 56a

7 3 2

1353 1354 1355 1356

AE2 AE3 AE4 AE4

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated VOT V in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath

4
1

2 4

1357 1358 1359 1360

AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4

Cyzicus 367-375 A.D. 378-383 A.D.

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory VOT X MVLTXX in wreath in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX

1 1 3 9

1361 1362

AE3 AE4

Antioch 367-375 A.D. 378-383 A.D.

SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

1 1

54
1363 AE2 Alexandria 378-383 A.D. Uncertain 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1370a AE3 AE3 AE2 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 300, 8a

1
10

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated VOT V in wreath VOT XV MVLTXX VOT XX MVLTXXX Uncertain type in wreath in wreath

C., 23 C., 34 C., 30 C., 3 C., 64 C., 75 C., 77

13 8 1 2 4 4 2

VALENTINIAN 1371 1372 1373 AE2 AE3 AE4 383-388 A.D. Aquileia 378-383 A.D. 383-388 A.D. 388-392 A.D. Siscia 378-383 A.D. 384-387 A.D. Thessalonica 378-383 A.D. 383-384 A.D. 384-388 A.D. Rome 378-383 A.D.

11 375-392 A.D.

(514) RIG, IX, p. 126, 43b-c RIC, IX, p. 127, 48b RIC, IX, p. 130, 57a-b 5 1 13

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VICTORIAAVGGG Victory advancing 1. Same. Two Victories

1374 1375 1376

AE2 AE4 AE4

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory dragging cap tive 1. REIPVB Emperor, woman REPARATIO VOT V MVLTX in wreath VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor 1. on ship GLORIA REIPVBLICECamp gate Same VICTORIAAVG Two Victories

RIG, IX, p. 100, 30b-c RIC, IX, p. 104, 47a RIG, IX, p. 106, 58a

2 2 1

1377 1378 1379

AE2 AE4 AE4

RIC, IX, p. 150, 26b RIC, IX, p. 151, 29b RIC, IX, p. 155, 39a RIC, IX, p. 181, 37b-c RIC, IX, p. 182, 41 RIC, IX, p. 184, 49a RIC, IX, p. 186, 61 a RIC, IX, p. 186, 59a RIC, IX, p. 186, 62a RIC, IX, p. 187, 63a RIC, IX, p. 188, 65a RIC, IX, p. 196, 19b RIC, IX, p. 198, 26a RIC, IX, p. 226, 54b RIC, IX, p. 229, 62a RIC, IX, p. 228, 59a RIC, IX, p. 229, 63a RIC NOT RIC, IX, p. 234, 86a RIC, IX, p. 257, 27b RIC, IX, p. 259, 37b

3 1 4

1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394* 1395 1396 1397

AE2 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE4

16
1

3 48 21 29 12 31 3 7 2 1 1 10 1 58 2
1

388-392 A.D. Heraclea 378-383 A.D. 388-392 A.D. Constantinople 378-383 A.D.

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VOT V in wreath VOT V MVLTX in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

383-388 A.D. 388-392 A.D. Nicomedia 378-383 A.D.

VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VOT V in wreath

CATALOGUE
1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 388-392 A.D. Antioch 378-383 A.D. 378-388 A.D. 383-392 A.D. Alexandria 378-383 A.D. 378-388 A.D. ,, 388-392 A.D. Uncertain 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1415 a AE2 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE Emperor, woman VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. REIPVB REPARATIO VOT X MVLTXX in wreath in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX C., 26. 28 C., 46 C., 73 C., 75 C. NOT C., 30 378-383 A.D. 388-392 A.D. Cyzicus 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT X MVLTXX in wreath in wreath RIG, IX, p. 259, 38a RIC, IX, p. 262, 45a RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 b RIG, IX, p. 244, 22b RIC, IX, p. 246, 26a

55
5 20 14 1 22

VOT XX MVLTXXX

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1403 1404 1405

AE2 AE4 AE4

VOT X MVLTXX

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman in wreath

RIC, IX, p. 284, 42c RIC, IX, p. 289, 56b; p. 292, 65a RIC, IX, p. 292, 67a RIC, IX, p. 300, 8b RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13b. 19a RIC, IX, p. 301, 14 RIC, IX, p. 303, 20a

1 1 13

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1406 1407 1408 1409

AE2 AE4 AE4 AE4

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VOT X MVLTXX in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1 2 1 3 13 3 26 3 2 86 18

VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive Uncertain type

THEODOSIUS I
Rome

379-395 A.D.

(1055) RIC, IX, p. 126, 43d RIC, IX, p. 128, 51 d RIC, IX, p. 131, 57c RIC, IX, p. 133, 64b; p. 136, 69 RIC, IX, p. 102, 36d RIC, IX, p. 100, 30d; p. 103, 42b RIC, IX, p. 104, 45b RIC, IX, p. 104, 47b RIC, IX, p. 106, 58b RIC, IX, p. 151, 27d RIC, IX, p. 152, 29d RIC, IX, p. 152, 30b; p. 154, 37b RIC, IX, p. 154, 38b RIC, IX, p. 155, 39b RIC NOT 4 1 13 3

1416 1417 1418 1419

AE2 AE4 AE4 AE4

379-383 A.D. 383-387 A.D. 388-395 A.D. Aquileia 379-383 A.D. 379-388 A.D. 383-388 A.D.
,9

REIPVB Emperor, woman REPARATIO VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT V MVLTX in wreath REIPVB Emperor, woman REPARATIO GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated VOT V MVLTX in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430*

AE4 AE2 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4

1 4 2 3 5 1 2 4 2 1 1

388-393 A.D. Siscia 379-383 A.D. 379-387 A.D. 384-387 A.D. 388 A.D. and (?)later Thessalonica 379-383 A.D.

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1431 1432

AE2 AE3

REIPVB Emperor, woman REPARATIO CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated

RIC, IX, p. 181, 37d RIC, IX, p. 182, 38

6 1

56
1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 388-393 A.D.
388-393 A.D.

THE ATHENIAN
383-384 A.D. 384-388 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX

AGORA: COINS
RIC, IX, p. 184, 49b RIG, IX, p. 186, 60b RIC, IX, p. 186, 61b RIC, IX, p. 186, 59b RIC, IX, p. 187, 62b RIC, IX, p. 187, 63b RIC, IX, p. 188, 65b 4 12 133 29 34 50 32

in wreath

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship GLORIA REIPVBLICECamp gate Same VICTORIAAVG Two Victories SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

1440 1441 1442

AE4 AE2 AE4

Heraclea 379-383 A.D. 383-388 A.D. 388-392 A.D. Constantinople 379-383 A.D.

VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor r., foot on captive SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

RIC, IX, p. 196, 19c RIC, IX, p. 197, 24b RIC, IX, p. 198, 26b

7 1 13

1443 1444* 1445 1446 1447 1448* 1449 1450

AE2 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE3

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VOT V in wreath VOT V MVLTX in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX

RIC, IX, p. 226, 54c RIC NOT RIC, IX, p. 228, 59b RIG, IX, p. 229, 63b RIC, IX, p. 229, 64b RIC NOT

1 1 1 15 2 1

383-388 A.D. 388-395 A.D. 392-395 A.D. Nicomedia 379-383 A.D. 379-388 A.D. 388-395 A.D. Cyzicus 379-383 A.D.

VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on horseback VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

RIC, IX, p. 234, 86b; p. 236, 90a 104 1 RIC, IX, p. 236, 89a

1451 1452 1453

AE4 AE2 AE4

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT V in wreath VOT X MVLTXX VOT XV MVLT XX VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath in wreath in wreath

RIC, IX, p. 259, 38b RIC, IX, p. 257, 25c; p. 260, 40b RIC, IX, pp. 262f., 45b. 48a

13 2 31

1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460

AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE4 AE3

RIC, IX, p. 244, 20c RIG, IX, p. 244, 21 c RIC, IX, p. 244, 19 RIC, IX, p. 244, 22c RIC, IX, p. 242, 14c; p. 245, 23 RIC, IX, pp. 246f., 26b. 30a RIC, IX, p. 247, 29a

1 43 1 9 1 100 1

379-388 A.D. 388-395 A.D. 392-395 A.D.

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on horseback

1461 1462 1463

AE2 AE4 AE4

Antioch 379-383 A.D. 379-388 A.D. 383-395 A.D. Alexandria 379-388 A.D. 388-395 A.D. 392-395 A.D.

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman VOT X MVLT XX in wreath SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT X MVLTXX in wreath

1 RIC, IX, p. 284, 42d 4 RIC, IX, p. 289, 56c; p. 292, 65b 70a 13 RIC, IX, p. 293, 67b; p. 295, RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13c. 19b RIC, IX, pp. 303f., 20b. 23a RIC, IX, p. 304, 22a

1464 1465 1466

AE4 AE4 AE3

4 7 1

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on horseback

Uncertain 1467 1468 1469 AE2 AE3 AE3 REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman C., 27 CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated C., 6 Same. Roma seated C., 14 3 2
1

CATALOGUE
1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1480a AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE VOT V MVLTX in wreath VOT X MVLTXX VOT XV MVLTXX VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath in wreath in wreath C., 65 C., 68 C. NOT C. NOT C., 23 C., 51 C., 41 C., 43 C., 30

57
5 40 1 5 8 3 12 2 6 7 211 22

VOT? MVLT? in wreath GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive VIRTVS AVGGG Emperor on ship VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. Same. Two Victories VICTORIAAVG or AVGGG Same SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive Uncertain type

THEODOSIUS I or II Uncertain 1481 AE Uncertain type FLACCILLA 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE4 AE4 AE4 Constantinople 383 A.D. Heraclea 383 A.D. 383-388 A.D. Nicomedia 383 A.D. Antioch 383-388 A.D. Uncertain Same (13)

(12) 12

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory seated r. Same Same. Empress facing Same. Victory seated r. Same

RIC, IX, p. 229, 61 RIC, IX, p. 196, 17 RIC, IX, p. 197, 25 RIC, IX, p. 259, 36 RIC, IX, p. 289, 54; p. 291, 64 C.,5

3 1

2 1

MAXIMUS 1488 1489 1490 1491 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 Aquileia 387-388 A.D. Lyons 384-388 A.D. Arles 384-388 A.D. Uncertain Same

384-388 A.D.

(5) RIC, IX, p. 105, 55a RIC, IX, p. 50, 36a RIC, IX, p. 69, 29a C.,7 1 1 1

SPESROMANORVM Camp gate Same Same

VICTOR 1492 1493 AE4 AE4 Aquileia 387-388 A.D. Uncertain Same

384-388 A.D.

(4) RIC, IX, p. 105, 55b

C., 3 2

SPESROMANORVM Camp gate

EUGENIUS
Rome

392-394 A.D.

(4) RIC, IX, p. 134, 65b 1

1494

AE4

393-394 A.D.

SPESROMANORVM Victory advancing 1.

58
1495 AE4 Aquileia 393-394 A.D. Uncertain 1496 1497* AE4 AE4

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Same RIG, IX, p. 107, 59 C., 5 C.,3 1

Same SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1 1

ARCADIUS 1498* 1499 1500 AE4 AE4 AE3 Rome 383-387 A.D. 388-400 A.D. 394-395 A.D. Aquileia 383-387 A.D. 388-400 A.D. Siscia 384-387A.D. 388 A.D. and (?) later Thessalonica 383 A.D. 384-388 A.D.

383-408 A.D.

(1012) RIC, IX, p. 131, 57 d-e RIC, IX, p. 133, 64c; p. 136, 69 RIG, IX, p. 135, 67c 6 3
1

VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VRBS ROMA FELIX Roma r.

1501 1502

AE3 AE4

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

RIG, IX, p. 104, 45c RIC, IX, p. 106, 58c RIC, IX, p. 155, 39 c-d RIC NOT

1 1

1503 1504*

AE4 AE4

2 1

1505 1506* 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512

AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4

VOT V in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship GLORIA REIPVBLICECamp gate Same VICTORIAAVG Two Victories

RIC, IX, p. 184, 48b RIC NOT RIG, IX, p. 186, 60c RIG, IX, p. 186, 61 c RIC, IX, p. 186, 59c RIG, IX, p. 187, 62c RIC, IX, p. 187, 63c RIC, IX, p. 188, 65c

1 1 3 65 20 32 22 29

388-400 A.D. Heraclea 383 A.D. 388-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 400-408 A.D. Constantinople 383 A.D. 388-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D.

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VOT V in wreath

1513 1514 1515 1516

AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4

RIC, IX, p. 196,18b SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 198, 26c VIRTVSEXERCITI Victory crowning emperor Pearce, p. 81, 19 CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 81, 20

5 10 1 5

1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524

AE3 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4

1 CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated RIG, IX, p. 228, 57f. VOT V in wreath 11 62b RIC, IX, p. 229, SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 234, 86c; p. 236, 90b 125 VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory 8 Pearce, p. 78, 137 CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same Pearce, p. 76, 126 Pearce, p. 78, 138 Pearce, p. 78, 139a RIC, IX, p. 259, 37c RIC, IX, pp. 262f., 45c. 48b Pearce, p. 88, 33 Pearce, p. 88, 36 Pearce, p. 88, 39 2 15 1 6

400-408 A.D. Nicomedia 383 A.D. 388-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 400-408 A.D.
,,

CONCORDIA AVGGG Same

1525 1526 1527 1528 1529

AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4

VOT V in wreath SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors

3 32 1 9 1

CATALOGUE
1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE4 400-408 A.D. AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE2 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE 388-400 A.D. 895-400 A.D. 400-408 A.D. Alexandria 383 A.D. 388-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D. 400-408 A.D. Uncertain 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553* 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1561 a VOT V in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. Same. Two Victories Sab., 47 Sab., 48 Sab., 36 Sab. NOT Sab. NOT Antioch 383 A.D.
400-408 A.D.

59
RIC, IX, p. 244, 20d RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 d RIC, IX, pp. 246f., 26c. 30b Pearce, p. 83, 23 Pearce, p. 82, 11 Pearce, p. 84, 25 Pearce, p. 84, 27 Pearce, p. 83, 24 RIC, IX, p. 289, 55 RIC, IX, p. 289, 56d RIC, IX, p. 289, 58c
RIC, IX, p. 293, 67 d; p. 295, 70b

Cyzicus 383 A.D.

9.

VOT V in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated GLORIAROMANORVM Two emperors with shields Same. Three emperors CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath VOT V in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath in wreath VOT XX MVLTXXX

29 3 51 2 4 1 8 21 1
15

388-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D.

1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547

2 11 4 2 2 6 7 2

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath CONCORDIA AVGGG Same

Pearce, p. 95, 52 Pearce, p. 96, 55 RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13d. 19c-d RIC, IX, pp. 303f., 20c. 23b Pearce, p. 98, 20 Pearce, p. 98, 21

23 18 1 3 4 266 2 7 4 3 16 4 6 21 39

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive Sab., 41 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor with globe Sab., 35 or 37 VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory Sab., II, p. 341 CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with shields Same. Three emperors CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Uncertain type Sab. NOT Sab., 38 Sab., 32 cf. Sab., 31 Sab. NOT

ARCADIUS or HONORIUS 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE4 Constantinople 395-400 A.D. Nicomedia 395-400 A.D. Antioch 395-400 A.D. 400-408 A.D.

(21; 2 imit.) 1

VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory Same Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath

2 2
1

60
1567 AE4 Alexandria 400-408 A. D. Uncertain 1568 1569 AE3 AE

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

Same 1

VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory Barbarous imitation of VIRTVSEXERCITI

13 2

EUDOXIA 1570 AE4 Constantinople 395-404 A.D. Cyzicus 395-404 A.D. Uncertain 1572 AE3

(6) Pearce, p. 78, 144 3

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory seated

1571

AE4

Same

Pearce, p. 84, 29

GLORIA ROMANORVM Empress seated

Sab., 5

HONORIUS 1573 1574 1575 1576 AE4 AE4 AE3 AE3 Aquileia 393-400 A.D. Thessalonica 395-408 A.D. Heraclea 395-408 A.D. 400-408 A.D. 408-423 A.D. Rome 393-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D.

393-423 A.D.

(304) RIC, IX, pp. 133f., 64d-e; p. 136, 69 Pearce, p. 24, 83; p. 57, 83 Pearce, p. 22, 70 Pearce, p. 57, 70a 2 6 2 1

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VICTORIAAVGG Victory 1. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, two captives Same. Emperor with shield

1577

AE4

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with shields Same CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with globe

RIC, IX, p. 107, 58d Pearce, p. 41, 41

1578

AE4

1579 1580* 1581*

AE4 AE4 AE4

Pearce, p. 81, 21 Pearce NOT Pearce NOT

7 2 2

1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587

AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4

Constantinople 393-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D. 400-408 A.D. 408-423 A.D. Nicomedia 393-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D. 400-408 A.D. 408-423 A.D.

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with shields CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Same. Two emperors with globe

RIC, IX, p. 236, 90c Pearce, p. 78, 137 Pearce, p. 78, 141 Pearce, p. 78, 139a Pearce, p. 78, 142 Pearce, p. 78, 140 RIC, IX, p. 263, 48c Pearce, p. 88, 33 Pearce, p. 88, 37 Pearce, p. 88, 36 Pearce, p. 88, 39 Pearce, p. 88, 38

14 1 9 1 3 13

1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1593a

AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with shields CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Same. Two emperors with globe Uncertain type

1 2

5 4 4
1

CATALOGUE
1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1599 a AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE Antioch 393-395 A.D. 393-400 A.D. 400-408 A.D. Alexandria 393-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D. 400-408 A.D. Uncertain 1607* 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1621 a AE4 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE3 AE3 AE4 AE3 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE VOT V in wreath GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor on horseback Same. Emperor with standard, globe SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor with shield Same. Emperor, two captives Same. Two emperors with shields CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated VICTORIAAVGG or AVGGG Victory 1. CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross CONCORDIA AVGGG Same GLORIAROMANORVM Three emperors Same. Two emperors with globe SPESROMANORVM Cross Uncertain type C. NOT (PLATE 2) C., 23 C., 21 C., 32 C., 56 C. NOT C., 24 C., 26 C., 4 cf. C., 39 C. NOT C., 28 C., 27 C., 33 408-423 A.D. Cyzicus 393-400 A.D. 395-400 A.D. 395-408 A.D. 400-408 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory GLORIAROMANORVM Two emperors with shields CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIAROMANORVM Three emperors Same. Two emperors with globe Uncertain type RIC, IX, p. 247, 30c Pearce, p. 83, 23 Pearce, p. 84, 25 Pearce, p. 83, 24 Pearce, p. 84, 27 Pearce, p. 84, 26

61
7 5 6 15 6 4 1

1600 1601 1602

AE3 AE4 AE4

GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor on horseback SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors

RIC, IX, p. 295, 69e RIC, IX, p. 295, 70c Pearce, p. 96, 57 RIC, IX, p. 304, 23c Pearce, p. 98, 20 Pearce, p. 98, 23

1
2 8

1603 1604 1605 1606

AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4

1 5
1 1

1 1 1 45 9 1 2 16 1 7 2 6
10

31 2 18

THEODOSIUS II 1622 1623* 1624* 1625 1626 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE3 Thessalonica 400-408 A.D. 425-450 A.D. Heraclea 400-408 A.D. Constantinople 400-408 A.D.

400-450 A.D.

(334) Pearce, p. 41, 41 Pearce NOT Pearce NOT Pearce, p. 78, 139a Pearce, p. 76, 127 5
10

GLORIAROMANORVM Two emperors with shields No legend. Cross in wreath CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Same GLOR ORVISTERRAR Emperor with standard and globe

1 4 2

62
1627 1628 1629 1630* 1631 1632 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 Nicomedia 400-408 A.D. 408-450 A.D. 425-450 A.D.
f, Cyzicus

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
400-408 A.D. 408-450 A.D. 425-450 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Three emperors Same. Two emperors with shields Same. Two emperors with globe No legend. Cross in wreath Same. Monogramin wreath VT XXX V in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 142 Pearce, p. 78, 141 Pearce, p. 78, 140 Pearce NOT Pearce, p. 78, 151 Pearce, p. 78, 149 2 4 3 45 1 8

1633 1634* 1635 1636*

AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4

CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with globe CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths No legend. Cross in wreath

Pearce, p. 88, 36 Pearce NOT cf. Pearce, p. 88, 86a Pearce NOT

6
1

2 8

1637 1638 1639

AE4 AE4 AE4

400-408 A.D. 425-450 A.D. Antioch 400-408 A.D.

CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors No legend. Cross in wreath

cf. Pearce, p. 83, 24 Pearce, p. 84, 27 Pearce, p. 84, 34

7 2 20

1640 1641*

AE4 AE4

CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors

Pearce NOT Pearce NOT

3
4

Uncertain 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1649 a AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE
Same

CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with shields Same. Two emperors with globe CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths VICTORIAAVGG Same No legend. Cross in wreath VT XXX V in wreath Uncertain type

Sab., 29 Sab., 26 Sab., 28 Sab. NOT Sab. NOT Sab., 30 Sab., 32f. Sab., 81

6 35 12 2 5 2 112
10

12

EUDOCIA 1650 AE4 Uncertain 421-450 A.D.

(2) Sab., 6 2

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory seated

PLACIDIA 1651 AE4 Uncertain 421-450 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAECross

(1) C., 11 1

JOHANNES 1652 AE4 Rome 423-425 A.D.

423-425 A.D.

(1) Pearce Add., p. 107, 78 1

SALVSREIPVBLICEVictory, captive

VALENTINIAN
Rome

III

425-455 A.D.

(9) of. Pearce Add., p. 108 (PLATE 2) C., 15f. 1 1

1653*
1654

AE4
AE4

425-455 A.D.

VOT XX

in wreath

VICTORIAAVGG Two Victories

CATALOGUE
1655 1656 1657* 1658 1659 1660 AE4 AE4 AE4 Uncertain AE4 AE4 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors with globe SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory with trophy dragging captive 1. VICTORIAAVGG Two Victories cf. Pearce, p. 78, 140 cf. C., 5 ("wreath") C., 15f. Thessalonica 425-455 A.D. Cyzicus 425-455 A.D. Same C., 16

68
1

CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths Pearce Add., p. 4, before 24 No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT; C. NOT

1 2

MARCIAN 1661 1662 1663* 1664 1665 1666* 1667 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 Ravenna 450-457 A.D. Thessalonica 450-457 A.D. Heraclea 450-457 A.D. Constantinople 450-457 A.D. Nicomedia 450-457 A.D. Antioch 450-457 A.D. Uncertain Same Monogramin wreath Same Same Same Same Same

450-457 A.D.

(107) Sab., 11 Sab., 11 Sab., 11 Sab., 11 Sab., 11 Sab., 11 Sab., 11 (54). 12 (1)

2 1 1
7 7

1
2

12

55

LEO I 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672* 1673 1674 1675 1676 1676 a AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 Uncertain AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE4 AE Constantinople 457-474 A.D. ,,

457-474 A.D.

(152) Sab., 14 Sab., 16 Sab., 19 (2). 20 (19). ? (6) Sab., 18 Sab., 14 Sab., 15 Sab., 16 Sab., 19 (26). 20 (10). ? (8) Sab., 17 (S). 18 (4) 6 1 27 3 9 48 6 44 7 1

Emperor and captive Emperor with long cross Lion 1. Monogram Emperor and captive Emperor with sceptre Emperor with long cross Lion 1. Monogram Uncertain type SEVERUS III 461-465 A.D. (1)

1677*

AE4

Uncertain 461-467 A.D.

Monogram ZENO 474-491 A.D. (2)

cf. C., 18 (PLATE 2)

1678* 1679

AE4 AE4

Thessalonica 474-491 A.D. Uncertain

Monogram Similar

cf. Sab., 19 Sab., 19

1 1

64

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
VALENTINIAN I 1 Aquileia VALENTINIAN Rome III (1014)

] Camp gate

VICTORIAAVG, AVGG or AVGGG Two Victories VICTORIAAVG, AVGG or AVGGG Two Victories

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

REIPVBLICE GLORIA Campgate

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

REIPVBLICAE SECVRITAS Victory1.

Thessalonica 5 VICTORIAAVG, AVGG or AVGGG 8 Two Victories 4 VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship 10 VOT X MVLTXX in wreath Heraclea 1 VOTXV MVLTXX in wreath

1
17
1

SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive Same. Emperor on horseback CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross GLORIAROMANORVM Two emperors with shields CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive Same. Three emperors Same. Uncertain type GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1 28 8 1 3 4
1

Constantinople 3 SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive 8 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory 1. 1 VOT X MVLTXX in wreath Nicomedia 3 SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive 1 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory1.

VICTORIA AVGGG Victory1.

1
4
1 1

Cyzicus

VOT XX MVLT XXX Antioch

SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory1.

in wreath

REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

1 9 6

2
5

4 9 26 1 187 1 6 8 15 9 10 4 295

SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory 1. Uncertain SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAEVictory 1. VRBS ROMA FELIX Emperor with standard VICTORIAAVG, AVGG or AVGGG Two Victories VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. VOT V in wreath VOT V MVLTX in wreath VOT X MVLTXX in wreath VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath VOT? MVLT ? in wreath Cross (? with or without legend)

AVGor AVGGG Cross CONCORDIA

GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship Same. Emperor, captive Same. Emperor, two captives Same. Two emperors with shields Same. Two emperors with globe Same. Three emperors Same. Uncertain type REPARATIO REIPVB Emperor, woman REIP Emperor 1. RESTITVTOR SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive

191 1 27 13 7 1 13 4 23 4 12

ROMAN IMPERIAL UNCLASSIFIED First and second centuries A.D. Third century A.D. Fourth century A.D. 38 146 3354

(6435) 2869 28

Late fourth and fifth centuries A.D. Uncertain period

"VANDALIC"COINAGE
VANDAL KINGS HILDERIC Bust of Hilderic r./Cross potent (4796)

523-530 A.D.

(2) BMC, p. 14, 9f. 2

1680

AE

CATALOGUE
GELIMER 1681 AE Bust of Gelimer r./Monogramof Gelimer 530-538 A.D. (6) BMC, p. 16, 4-6

65
6

VANDAL PERIOD 1682* 1683* 1684 1685* 1686 1687* 1688* 1689* 1690* AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE Victory (310) Bust of Honorius r./Victory advancing 1. Bust of Valentinian III r./Same Uncertain bust r./Similar Bust of Theodosius II r./Victory facing with wreaths Uncertain bust r./Similar Bust of Theodosius I r./Victory, captive Bust of Valentinian III r./Same Bust of Leo I r./Same Uncertain bust r./Two Victories Roma (5) BMC, pp. 17f., 1-11 BMC, p. 18,12-14 BMC, pp. 19-22, 15-41 BMC, p. 22, 42 BMC, p. 22, 43 BMC NOT (PLATE 2) BMC, pp. 22f., 44-48 BMC NOT BMC NOT 118 14 121 4 1 1 48 2 1

1691

AE

Uncertain bust r./Roma(?) seated

BMC, p. 23, 49f.

1692 1693 1694 1695 1696

AE AE AE AE AE

Emperor (38) Bust of Theodosius I r./Emperor r. with labarum Bust of Valentinian III r./Emperor 1. Uncertain bust r./Emperor 1. or r. Uncertain bust r./Two emperors with globe Uncertain bust r./Emperor, captive Lion (5)

BMC, p. 24, 52 BMC, pp. 24f., 53 (2). 56 (4) BMC, pp. 24f., 54-55. 57-60 BMC, p. 25, 61f. BMC, p. 26, 63f.

4 6 23 1 4

1697

AE

Uncertain bust r./Lion 1. or r. Palm tree (7) Uncertain bust r./Palm tree with fruit Camp gate (12) Bust of Valentinian III r./Camp gate Uncertain bust r./Same Inscription (14) Bust of Justinian I r./VOT XIIIin wreath Uncertain bust r./ OT XXT in wreath X Uncertain bust r./XX Uncertain bust r./VOT (blundered) in wreath V Monogramor Letter (706) II of Theodosius Bust r./Monogramof Theodosius Bust of Marcian r./Monogram of Marcian Bust of Leo I r./Monogram of Leo Bust of Zeno r./Monogram of Zeno

BMC, p. 26, 65f. (2). 67 (3)

1698

AE

BMC, pp. 26f., 68-72

1699 1700

AE AE

BMC, p. 27, 73-80 BMC, p. 27, 81f.

8 4

1701 1702

AE AE

BMC, pp. 28f., 86-93 BMC NOT, cf. p. 28, 85 BMC NOT BMC NOT

11 1 1 1

1703 1704

AE AE

1705 1706 1707* 1708 5

AE AE AE AE

BMC, pp. 29f., 94 (1). 97 (1) BMC, pp. 30f., 98-105 (110). 106-108 (11). 109 (1).? (12) BMC, p. 31,110-117 (99). 118 (29) BMC, p. 32,119-122 (21). 123-126 (17). 127 (9)

2 134 128 47

66
1709* AE

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Bust of Anastasius r./Monogram of Anastasius BMC, pp. 32f., 128-134 (193). 135-138 (47). ? (3) (PLATE 2) BMC, p. 33, 139 (22). 140 (6). ? (1) BMC NOT (PLATE 2) BMC NOT (PLATE 2) BMC NOT BMC NOT BMC, p. 37, 159f. BMC, p. 37,161-163 BMC, p. 34, 141-148 BMC, p. 35,158 BMC, p. 86,154f. BMC, p. 36,156 BMC, p. 37,164 BMC, p. 38, 165-172 Cross (118) 243

1710* 1711* 1712* 1713* 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723

AE AR AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE AE

Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Justinian Bust r. ?/Monogramof (?) Justinian I Uncertain bust r./V Uncertain bust r./RD in wreath Uncertain bust r./(B (?) Uncertain bust r./Traces of monogram Bust of Justinian I r./ ! Uncertain bust r./Same, pellets in angles Bust of Justinian I r./A Uncertain bust r./M Uncertain bust r./N Uncertain bust r./T

29 1 6 1 1 15 12 4 51 7 9 2 2 12

A/*
Uncertain bust r./Same

1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730

AE AE AE AE AE AE AE

Bust of Theodosius II r./Crosspotent Bust of Masuna (?) r./Same Bust of Valentinian III (?) r./Same Uncertain bust r./Same Uncertain bust r./Plain cross Uncertain bust r./Cross patt6e with pellets Uncertain bust r./Cross of uncertain form

BMC, pp. 38f., 173-178 BMC, p. 39, 179-181 BMC, p. 40,182 BMC, pp. 40f., 183-194 BMC, p. 41, 195-200 BMC, p. 41, 201

24 3 1 49 21 4 16

OSTROGOTH KINGS ODOVACAR 476-498 A.D. 1731 AE Bust of Odovacarr./Monogramof Odovacar (13) BMC, p. 45, 10f. 13

THEODORIC 493-526 A.D. 1732 1733 1734 AE AE AE Bust of Anastasius r./Star Bust of Justin I r./ Same/V

(36) BMC, p. 51, 385f. BMC, p. 52, 37-40 BMC, pp. 52f., 41-51 3 25 8

e+

ATHALARIC 1735 AE

526-534 A.D.

(4) BMC, pp. 66f., 47-56 4

Bust of Justinian I r./Monogramof Athalaric

THEODAHAD 1736 AE

534-586 A.D.

(3) BMC., p 74, 15 3

Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Theodahad

1737

AE

BADUILA 541-552 A.D. Bust of Anastasius r./Monogramof Baduila

(22) BMC, p. 89, 24-27 10

CATALOGUE
1738 1739 AE AE Same/DNREX B Bust of Baduila facing/Lion advancing r. BMC, p. 90, 28f. BMC, p. 94, 50-52

67
5 7

"VANDALIC" UNCLASSIFIED

(3495)

IMPERIAL BYZANTINE COINAGE

(11,240; 87 imit.) ANASTASIUS I 1740a* b 1741 a b 1742 Antioch 498-518 A.D. Uncertain 1744
,,
,,

491-518 A.D.

(31) BMC, I, p. 4, 17 BMC, I, p. 4,18-29 BMC, I, p. 5, 30-33 BMC, I, p. 6, 42-49 BMC, I, p. 7, 54-58 1 7 2
1 9

Constantinople 498-518 A.D.

M star 1., crescent r. star 1., star r. K long cross 1. long cross 1., star above and below

?
6

1743

BMC, I, p.9, 69-73

C
JUSTIN 1 518-527 A.D. (13) BMC, I, p. 14, 25 BMC, I, p. 14, 29-82 Tolstoi, p. 240, 57 BMC, I, p. 16, 40-48

1745a b 1746 1747

Constantinople 518-527 A.D.

pi
,,

M star 1., star r. star 1., cross r.

1
4

K long cross 1.

1
5

6
Nicomedia 518-527 A.D. Uncertain

Monogram of Christ in center, e r.

1748

M star 1., star r.

BMC, I, p. 17, 51

1749*

C
JUSTINIAN I 527-565 A.D.

cf. Sab., I, p. 166, 49

(132) BMC, I, pp. 29f., 28-32 BMC, I, pp. 30-35, 39-101 BMC, I, pp. 35f., 102-106 BMC, I, pp. 36f., 112. 119 BMC, I, pp. 38f., 126-138 BMC, I, pp. 39f., 139-145 (11). 146-159 (3). ? (1) 7 16 1 2 7
15

1750a b* 1751 a b 1752* 1753*

Constantinople 527-538 A.D. 538-565 A.D. 527-538 A.D. 540-559 A.D. 539-565 A.D. 527-565 A.D.

M star 1., cross r.

ANNO 1.
K long cross 1.

ANNO 1. I ANNO 1.

1754* 5*

Thessalonica 563-565 A.D.

K ANNO 1.

BMC, I, p. 41,160-162

68
1755* 1756* 1757 Nicomedia 539-556 A.D. 541-542 A.D. 556-564 A.D. Cyzicus 539-547 A.D. 541-542 A.D. Antioch 529-539 A.D. 548-562 A.D. 529-539 A.D. 539-552 A.D. Carthage 534-539 A.D. 539-540 A.D. Sicily 538 A.D. or later Rome 536-538 A.D. Ravenna 563-564 A.D. 555-565 A.D. b* Uncertain 1768 1769 1770* K

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
M ANNO 1. K I ANNO 1. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 45-47, 190-215 cf. BMC, I, p. 48, 221-226 BMC, I, p. 49, 228. 232 6 1
3

1758 1759*

M ANNO 1. K ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 50f., 235. 247 cf. BMC, I, p. 52, 259

2
1

1760 a b
c*

M star 1., star r. star 1., crescent r. ANNO 1. long cross 1. ANNO 1.

BMC, I, p. 54, 270 BMC, I, p. 55, 282 BMC, I, pp. 56f., 295-310 BMC, I, p. 58, 314 f. BMC, I, p. 59, 316. 320

1 1
9

1761 a b

2
2

1762 1763

M star 1., cross r. K ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 64f., 360-374 BMC, I, p. 66, 380

1
3

1764

star 1., star r.

BMC, I, p. 69, 399

1765*

star 1., cross r.

BMC (Vandals), p. 110, 18-23 BMC, I, p. 71, 409 BMC (Vandals), p. 119, 77 BMC NOT (PLATE 3)

1766 1767 a

ANNO 1. (smaller denomination)

1 1 1

2 2 (monogram on obverse) BMC, I, pp. 72f., 414-428 (33). 429f. (2) 35

JUSTIN II 1771* 1772* Constantinople 565-577 A.D. 567-575 A.D. Thessalonica 566-569 A.D. 568-578 A.D. Nicomedia 567-575 A.D. 566-575 A.D. Cyzicus 567-577 A.D. 574-576 A.D. Antioch 569-578 A.D.

565-578 A.D.

(172) BMC, I, pp. 78-82, 28-81 BMC, I, pp. 82f., 85-96 23 6

M ANNO 1. K ANNO 1.
K ANNO 1. (Justin bust) ANNO 1. (Justin and Sophia)

1773 a* b*

BMC, I, p. 84,101-104 BMC, I, pp. 84-86, 105-124

8 100

1774* 1775*

M ANNO 1.

K ANNO 1.
M ANNO 1. K ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 86-88, 129-149 BMC, I, pp. 88f., 160-166 BMC, I, pp. 89f., 167-184 BMC, I, p. 91,188-191

9 4

1776* 1777'

4 3

1778*

M ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 92-94,193-212

CATALOGUE
Rome

69
BMC, I, p. 102, 284

1779

565-578 A.D. Uncertain

XX

1
2 5
1

1780 1781 1781 a

M K Uncertain type

TIBERIUS II 1782* 1783 1784 Thessalonica 578-582 A. D. Nicomedia 579-581 A.D. Antioch 578-580 A.D. 581-582 A.D. Constantinople 578-582 A.D.
,)

578-582 A.D.

(20) BMC, I, pp. 108f., 25-36 BMC, I, p. 110, 43-46 BMC, I, pp. lllf., 55-57 4
1 1

m ANNO1.
XX q

1785*

K ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 112f., 59-64

1786

m m
xx

ANNO 1.

BMC, I, p. 113, 65. 67

1787 1788

ANNO 1. ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 116f., 83. 94 BMC, I, p. 119,117

2
1

MAURICE TIBERIUS 1789* 1790* Thessalonica 584-597 A.D. Nicomedia 587-588 A.D. Antioch 595-596 A.D. Constantinople 582-602 A.D. M ANNO 1. K ANNO 1.

582-602 A.D.

(25) BMC, I, pp. 130-134, 26-66 BMC, I, pp. 134-137, 70-98 6 8

1791*

ANNO 1.

BMC, I, pp. 138f., 112-120

1792

M ANNO 1.

BMC, I, p. 140,130

1793

M ANNO 1.

BMC, I, p. 145, 184

PHOCAS 1794* 1795* 1796* Constantinople 603-604 A.D. 605-609 A.D. 602-610 A.D. Thessalonica 605-607 A.D. 602-610 A.D. 602-603 A.D. Nicomedia 602-603 A.D. 605-607 A.D. Cyzicus 602-603 A.D. 604-605 A.D.

602-610 A.D.

(48) BMC, I, p. 165, 39 BMC, I, p. 166, 42-46 BMC, I, p. 167, 49-54 1 10 8

m ANNO . XXXX ANNO above XX

1797* 1798* 1799

XXXX XX K

ANNO above

BMC, I, p. 168, 60f. BMC, I, p. 169, 62-66 BMC, I, p. 170, 67f. BMC, I, p. 170, 70 BMC, I, p. 171, 71-76 BMC, I, pp. 172f., 81-84 BMC, I, p. 173, 85

5 7
1

ANNO 1.

1800 1801*

ANNO . ANNO above

1
7

XXXX

1802 1803

m ANNO .
XXXX ANNO above

1 1

70
1804a b 602-610 A.D. 603-604 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
XX (Phocas and Leontia) (Phocas bust) BMC, I, p. 174, 97 BMC, I, p. 174, 98f. 1 2

Antioch
1805 604-605 A.D.

m ANNOI.
XX star 1., I r.

BMC, I, p. 175,105

1806

602-610 A.D.

Carthage

BMC, I, p. 179,186

HERACLIUS 1807a* b*
c*

610-641 A.D.

(232) BMC, I, pp. 196f., 109-115 BMC, I, pp. 197-206,116-169 BMC, I, pp. 206-210, 170-201 BMC, I, pp. 211f., 206-212 9 92 40 16

Constantinople
610-613 A.D. 612-640 A.D. 615-640 A.D. 629-630 A.D.

(Heraclius bust) (two standing figures) (three figures)

1808*

(two figures)

Thessalonica
1809a* b 1810* 1811* 614-618 A.D. 623-629 A.D. 611-618 A.D. 614-620 A.D. M (two figures) (three figures) XX (Heraclius bust) K (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 212f., 213-218 BMC, I, p. 213, 219-221 BMC NOT (PLATE 3) BMC, I, p. 214f., 223-228 BMC, I, p. 215, 229-233 BMC, I, pp. 216f., 234-243 BMC, I, p. 218, 244-249

20 6 2 13

Nicomedia
1812a b* c* 610-613 A.D. 612-616 A.D. 615-627 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) (two figures) (three figures)

3 10

5
1 2

1813a b*

611-612 A.D. 612-618 A.D.

Cyzicus

(Heraclius bust) (two figures)

BMC, I, p. 219, 252-254 BMC, I, p. 220, 263-265 BMC, I, p. 226, 300f.

Alexandria
1814 629-640 A.D. IB (three figures) 2

Carthage
1815*

610-613 A.D.

(Heraclius bust)

BMC, I, p. 286, 866-368 BMC, I, p. 249, 454

Ravenna
1816 631-632 A.D. M (two figures) 1

Uncertain
1817a* b c* d M (Heraclius standing) (two busts) (two figures) (three figures) 2 1 5 1

CONSTANS II 1818 a*

641-668 A.D.

(817) BMC, I, pp. 268-270, 101-125 BMC, I, pp. 266f., 93-100 BMC, I, pp. 270-273,126-154 BMC, I, pp. 273f., 155-162 BMC, I, pp. 277-279,181-198 BMC, I, pp. 275f., 163-179 119 1 152 38 40

Constantinople
641-651 A.D. 643-644 A.D. 651-656 A.D. 655-656 A.D. 655-657 A.D.

m
M

b
c*

ANA ., NO r. ANA 1., NEOI below ANA 1., NEO r.

ANNO 1. (Constans standing)

d* e* f*

ANNO 1. (two figures) K6)N 1., CTANr.

68

CATALOGUE
g*

71
BMC, I, pp. 279-283, 199-232 BMC, I, pp. 283-285, 233-253 BMC, I, pp. 285f., 254-257 BMC NOT (PLATE 3) BMC NOT BMC, I, p. 286, 260 180 103 5 8 2 27

659-664 A.D. 663-666 A.D. 665-666 A.D. 641-656 A.D.

659-660 A.D.

three figures (M on obverse) three busts two figures K ANA 1. (Constans bust) ANA 1. (Constans standing) ANNO 1.

h* i 1819a* b
c*

659-66 AD.

1820*

Sicily 659-668 A.D. Uncertain

M two figures

BMC, I, p. 304, 362-370

1821 1822 1822 a

M K Uncertain type

20 2 48

CONSTANTINE IV 1823 a* b* 1824* Sicily 668-669 A.D. 670-680 A.D. Constantinople 668-685 A.D.
,,

668-685 A.D.

(30) Tolstoi, p. 827, 133 BMC, II, pp. 318f., 33-38 BMC, II, p. 319, 39f. 1 2 22

K ANNO ., CON r. M 1., cross r. I cross 1., Kr.

1825 a* b

(Constantine bust) (Constantine standing)

BMC, II, pp. 323f., 61-66 BMC, II, p. 324, 67-69

4
1

JUSTINIAN 1826 Sicily 685-695 A.D.

II 685-695 A.D. (First Reign)

(1) BMC, II, p. 339, 47 1

M monogram above

TIBERIUS III 1827 Constantinople 700 A.D.

698-705 A.D.

(1) Sab., II, p. 81, 9 1

M ANNO 1.

JUSTINIAN 11 705-711 A.D. (Second Reign) 1828* 1829 a* b* Constantinople 705 A.D. c. 705 A. D. 710 A.D.

(6) BMC, II, pp. 355f., 8f. BMC, II, p. 356, 10 BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 2 2 2

M ANNO 1. K ANNO 1.
XXX 1.

PHILIPPICUS 1830* Constantinople 711-713 A.D. I cross 1.

711-713 A.D.

(61) Hesperia, IX, pp. 363-366, 1-44 61

ANASTASIUS 1831* Constantinople 713-716 A.D.

11 713-716 A.D.

(4) Hesperia, IX, p. 369, 1-3 4

K ANNO 1.

LEO 111 717-741 A.D. 1832* Constantinople 717-741 A.D. I cross and star 1.

(23) Hesperia, IX, pp. 370f., 1-16 22

72
1833 Provincial 720-741 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
Constantine V standing BMC, II, p. 369, 21-23 1

CONSTANTINE V 741-775 A.D. 1834 1835 1836* Constantinople 751-775 A.D. 749-750 A.D. Cross on steps/Inscription M with Constantine bust Barbarous imitation

(2;1 imit.) BMC, II, p. 380,13f. BMC, II, p. 381, 16-22 (PLATE 3) 1 1

LEO IV 1837 Constantinople 776-780 A.D. M two busts

775-780 A.D.

(1) BMC, II, p. 395,11-13 1

CONSTANTINE VI and IRENE 1838 Constantinople 780-797 A.D. M three busts

780-797 A.D.

(1) 1

BMC, II, p. 399, 8f.

IRENE 1839 Constantinople 797-802 A.D.

797-802 A.D.

(1) BMC, II, p. 400, 2 1

M XXX ., NNN r.

LEO V and CONSTANTINE 1840* Constantinople 813-820 A.D. K XXX ., NNN r.

813-820 A.D.

(1) cf. BMC, II, p. 411, 17 1

MICHAEL II and THEOPHILUS 1841 Constantinople 821-829 A.D. M XXXl., NNN r.

820-829 A.D.

(2) BMC, II, p. 415, 6-10

2

THEOPHILUS 1842 Constantinople c. 839-842 A.D. Emperor/Inscription

829-842 A.D.

(4) BMC, II, p. 423, 18-26 4

MICHAEL III 1843 Constantinople 866-867 A.D. Michael bust/Basil bust

842-867 A.D.

(1) BMC, II, p. 432, 11f. 1

BASIL 1 867-886 A.D. 1844 1845 1846 1847* 1848 870-879 A.D. Constantinople 869-879 A.D. 867-868 A.D. 869-879 A.D. Cross potent/Inscription Emperor seated/Inscription Two busts/Inscription Two emperors seated/Inscription Three emperors/Inscription

(17) BMC, II, p. 438, 6f. BMC, II, p. 438, 8-10 BMC, II, p. 439, 11-16 BMC, II, pp. 439f., 17-20 BMC, II, pp. 440f., 21-29 1
2

7 4 3

LEO VI 1849* 1850 Constantinople 886-912 A.D.

,,

886-912 A.D.

(81) BMC, II, p. 447, 8-10 BMC, II, p. 447, 11f. 71

10

Leo bust/Inscription Two emperors seated/Inscription

CATALOGUE
CONSTANTINE VII 1851 1852* 1853* 1854* Constantinople 918-919 A.D. 919-944 A.D. 945-959 A.D. 913-959 A.D. (257) BMC, II, pp. 452f., 1-6 BMC, II, pp. 455-457, 14-29 BMC, II, pp. 463f., 45-57 BMC, II, pp. 466f., 70-76

73

Constantine and Zoe busts/Inscription Romanus I bust/Inscription Constantine bust/Inscription Constantine and Romanus II busts/ Inscription

6 59 164 28

NICEPHORUS II 1855* Constantinople 963-969 A.D. Nicephorus bust/Inscription

963-969 A.D.

(46) BMC, II, p. 473, 8-12 46

JOHN I 1856 Constantinople 969-976 A.D.

969-976 A.D.

(1) BMC, II, p. 475, 5f. 1

Crosson steps/Inscription

CONSTANTINE X 1857* 1858* Constantinople 1059-1067 A.D.

1059-1067 A.D.

(28) BMC, II, pp. 517-519, 18-31 BMC, II, pp. 519f., 32-37 17 11

Constantine and Eudocia/Christ figure Constantine bust/Christ bust

ROMANUS IV 1859 Constantinople 1067-1071 A.D.

1067-1071 A.D.

(4) BMC, II, p. 528, 9-13 4

Christ bust/Cross with C R P A

MICHAEL VII 1860* Constantinople 1071-1078 A.D. Michael bust/Christ bust

1071-1078 A.D.

(7) BMC, II, pp. 533f., 24-30 7

NICEPHORUS BRYENNIUS 1861* Uncertain 1077-1078 A.D.

(?) 1077-1078 A.D.

(1) 1

Christ bust/Patriarchal cross with C B N B

NC, 1950, p. 307 (PLATE 3)

NICEPHORUS III 1862* Constantinople 1078-1081 A.D.

1078-1081 A.D.
N A

(677) BMC, II, p. 538, 12-21 677

Christ figure/Cross and circle with C 0

ANONYMOUS ISSUES 1863* 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 969-989 A.D. 989-1028 A.D. 1028-1034 A.D. 1034-1041 A.D. 1042-1055 A.D. 1057-1059 A.D. 1059-1067 A.D. 1067-1071 A.D.

(2235; 14 imit.) NNM, 35, P1. I, 2f. NNM, 35, P1. I, 4-6 NNM, 35, P1. I, 7 NNM, 85, P1. I, 8f. NNM, 35, P1. II, 2 NNM, 35, P1. I, 10 NNM, 35, P1. II, 1 NNM, 35, P1. II, 3 104 519 218 154 104 13 74 104

CLASS A-1 Christ bust/Four line inscription CLASS A-2 Similar but larger flan Christ bust/Cross on steps, inscription in CLASS B angles Christ figure/Jewelled cross, inscription in CLASS C angles Christ on throne with back/Three line CLASS D inscription Christ bust/Same CLASS E Christ on throne without back/Similar CLASS F CLASS G Christ bust/Virgin bust

74
1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1876 a 1877* 1071-1078 A.D. 1078-1081 A.D. 1081-1118 A.D.

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
CLASS H CLASS I CLASS J CLASS K CLASS L Similar/Patriarchal cross Similar/Latin cross Similar but cross behind head/Latin cross on crescent Christ bust/Half-length figure of Virgin Similar/Small cross patt6e NNM, 35, P1. II, 5 NNM, 35, P1. II, 6 NNM, 35, P1. II, 7 NNM, 35, P1. II, 8 NNM, 35, P1. II, 9f. NNM, 35, P1. II, 12 222 359 77 233 2 1 51 14 (PLATE 3)

Mule: Reverse CLASS K/Reverse CLASS J Uncertain type- CLASS D or F (3), CLASS H or I (2) Barbarous imitations of CLASSES B (1), C(2), D(1), H(2), 1(2), K(1), Uncertain (5)

ALEXIUS I 1878* 1879 1880* 1881 1882* 1883* 1884 1885*

,, ,, ,,

1081-1118 A.D.

(954; 6 imit.) BMC, II, p. 543, 14-21 BMC, II, p. 549, 45 BMC, II, p. 550, 46f. BMC, II, p. 549, 43f. BMC, II, p. 549, 41f. BMC, II, p. 548, 37-40 BMC, II, p. 547, 33-35 BMC, II, p. 550, 48 Edwards, p. 142, 126 BMC, II, pp. 551f., 49-55 BMC, II, pp. 552f., 56-65 BMC, II, p. 553, 66-68 1 2 34 1 1 180 12 2 96 602 7 2 1 13 6

Constantinople 1081-1118 A.D.

Alexius bust/Christ seated Alexius with cross/Christ figure Alexius with labarum/Similar Similar/Christ seated Alexius bust with cross/Similar Similar/Christ bust Alexius bust with labarum/Same Alexius with labarum/Virgin bust with medallion Alexius bust with labarum/Virgin orans bust Alexius bust with cross/Jewelled cross

,,

99
,,

$99
,,

1886* 1887* 1888* 1889* 1890* 1890a 1891*

,,

,,

99

Alexius bust with sceptre/Patriarchal cross Cross/Inscription Mule: Reverse of No. 1883/Reverse of No. 1887 Uncertain type Barbarous imitations

99J ,, ,,

JOHN I 1892* 1893 1894* 1895* 1896 1897* 1897a 1898 Costatiop
,9

1118-1143 A.D.

(144; 1 imit.) cf. BMC, II, p. 560, 40 BMC, II, p. 564, 62-66 BMC, II, p. 564, 67-69 BMC, II, p. 565, 70f. Edwards, p. 144, 138 1 2
11

Constantinople 1118-1143 A.D.

Virgin crowning John/Christ seated John with cross/Christ figure John bust with labarum/Same John bust with sceptre/Christ bust John bust with labarum/St. Demetrius bust Mules Uncertain type Barbarous imitation Virgin orans type

,9

114
10

2 4 1

MANUEL I 1899* 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904* 1905* Cotant43-nopl80 1143-1180 A.D.

1143-1180 A.D.

(3775; 13 imit.) cf. BMC, II, p. 570, 21-24 BMC, II, p. 577, 56-58 cf. Sab., II, p. 209, 14 Sab., II, p. 210, 18 BMC, II, p. 577, 62f. BMC, II, p. 578, 64-68 BMC, II, p. 578, 70 1 14 1 1 4 307 17

Virgin crowning Manuel/Christseated Manuel with labarum/Virgin seated Manuel with sword/Christ seated Manuel with mappa/Christ bust Manuel with labarum/Christfigure Manuel with cross/Christ bust Manuel bust/Same

CATALOGUE
1906* 1907* 1908* 1909* 1910* 1910a 1911 1143-1180 A.D.
,,

75
BMC, II, pp. 580f., 86-95 BMC, II, p. 580, 79-82 (1604). 83-85 (95) BMC, II, p. 579, 75-78 BMC, II, p. 579, 71-74 161 1699 1387 8 23 152 13

Similar/Crosson steps Similar/Monogram Similar/St. George bust Similar/Virgin orans bust Mules Uncertain type Barbarous imitations of No. 1904 (5) and No. 1907(8)

ANDRONICUS I 1912* 1913* 1913 a Constantinople 1183-1185 A.D.

1183-1185 A.D.

(78) BMC, II, p. 586,13-18 BMC, II, p. 587,19f. 74 2 2

Andronicus with labarum/Virgin orans bust Similar/St. George bust Uncertain type

ISAAC II 1914* 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919* 1920* 1920a 1921 Constantinople 1185-1195 A.D.

1185-1195 A.D.

(156; 1 imit.) Sab., II, p. 223, 3 BMC, II, p. 591, 16-18 BMC, II, pp. 592f., 19-31 BMC, II, p. 596, 38-42 BMC, II, p. 596, 43 BMC, II, p. 597, 44-47 BMC NOT 1 3 1 2 2 144 2 1 1

Isaac, St. Michael/Virgin seated Isaac, St. George/Similar Isaac with cross/Similar Similar/Virgin orans figure Isaac half-figure/Virgin orans bust Similar/St. Michael bust Similar/St. George bust Uncertain type Barbarous imitation of No. 1919

ALEXIUS 11 1922* 1923 1923a Constantinople 1195-1203 A.D.

1195-1203 A.D.

(18) BMC, II, pp. 602f., 15-19 BMC, II, p. 606, 39-44 3 13 2

Alexius, St. Constantine/Christ bust Alexius with labarum/St. George bust Uncertain type ANDRONICUS II 1282-1328 A.D.

(2) BMC, II, p. 617, 11 Sab., II, p. 258, 37 1 1

1924 1925*

Constantinople 1282-1295 A.D. 1325-1828 A.D.

Andronicuswith cross/Crossanchored Andronicus, grandson/Christbust

EMPIRE OF NICAEA 1926* 1204-1222 A.D. THEODORE I 1204-1222 A.D. Theodore, St. Theodore/(obscure) (1) of. BMC (Vandals), pp. 208f., 4-11 1

JOHN 1 1222-1254 A.D. 1927 1222-1254 A.D. John with labarum/St. George bust THEODORE II 1928* 1 254-1258 A.D.

(1) BMC (Vandals), p. 219, 36-39 I

1254-1258 A.D.

(1) cf. BMC (Vandals), p. 222, 5 1

Theodore with labarum/St. Tryphon (?)

76
EMPIRE OF THESSALONICA

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
THEODORE 1222-1230 A.D.

(5) cf. BMC (Vandals), p. 194, 2f. BMC (Vandals), p. 194, 3 BMC (Vandals), p. 195, 4 1
3 1

1929* 1930 1931

1222-1230 A.D.

Theodore, St. Demetrius/Christ bust(?) Similar/Christ bust Theodore with labarum/Similar

EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND ALEXI US III 1932* 1349-1390 A.D. 1349-1390 A.D. (1) BMC (Vandals), p. 299, 21 f. 1 Alexius III/Cross and wreath

BYZANTINE IMPERIAL UNCLASSIFIED Sixth century A.D. (2 M, 1 K, 8 ) Seventh century A.D. (7 M 6 K) Ninth, tenth, eleventh centuries A.D. 15 72 20

(1121; 1 imit.) 801 214

Twelfth century A.D. (including one imitation) Uncertain period

FRANKISH COINAGE
(1186; 55 imit.) PRINCES OF ACHAEA GUILLAUME DE VILLEHARDOUIN 1933* 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938* 1939 1939a Billon or AE Billon or AE Billon Billon Billon Billon Billon Billon or AE Facing head/Cross Cross/Castle of Acrocorinth Cross/Genoese gate Cross/Castle Tournois Cross/lif Castle Tournois type with TVRONVS CIVI Similar with THEBECIVIS Uncertain type 1245-1278 A.D. (452) Schlumb., P1. XII, 6 Schlumb., P1. XII, 7 Schlumb., P1. XII, 9f. Schlumb., P1. XII, 11f. Schlumb., PI. XIII, 15; p. 356 Schlumb., P1. XII, 13 Schlumb., P1. XII, 14

94 276 49 27 3 1 1 1

CHARLES I D'ANJOU 1940 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois

1278-1285 A.D.

(1) Sctdumb., P1. XII, 16

CHARLES II D'ANJOU 1941 Billon Cross/CastleTournois

1285-1287 A.D.

(15) Sch dumb., P1. XII, 17

15

FLORENT DE HAINAUT 1942 Billon Cross/CastleTournois

1289-1297 A.D.

(3) Scb dumb., P1. XII, 18

ISABELLE DE VILLEHARDOUIN 1943 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois

1297-1301 A.D.

(6) Schlumb., P1. XII, 19

PHILIPPE DE SAVOIE 1944 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois

1301-1307 A.D.

( Schlumb., P1. XII, 20 20

CATALOGUE
PHILIPPE DE TARENTE 1945 Billon Cross/CastleTournois MAHAUT DE HAINAUT 1946 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois JEAN DE GRAVINA 1947 Billon Cross/Castle Tourois 1318-1333 AD. 1316-1318 A.D. 1307-1313 A.D. (14) Schlumb., P1. XII, 21

77
14

(2) Schlumb., P1. XII, 24

(5) Schlumb., P1. XII, 25 5

DUKES OF ATHENS GUY I DE LA ROCHE 1225-1263 A.D. 1948 1949 1949 a Billon or AE Billon or AE Billon or AE 'Genoese gate/Cross G in field/Cross Uncertain type GUILLAUME I DE LA ROCHE 1280-1287 A.D. 1950 1951 1952 Billon or AE Billon or AE Billon Fleur-de-lis/Genoese gate Coat of arms/Cross Cross/Castle Tourois GUY II DE LA ROCHE 1287-1808 A.D. 1953* 1954 1955 1956 1957* Billon Billon or AE Billon or AE Billon Billon Cross/CastleTourois Turreted castle/Turreted castle Cross/Same Cross/CastleTournois Similar with DE CLARENCIA (53) Schlumb., P1. XII, 31 Schlumb., P1. XII, 30 32 20 1

(101) Schlumb., P1. XII, 32 Schlumb., P1. XIII, 1 Schlumb., P1. XIII, 2f. 61 20 20

(177) Schlumb., P1. XIII, 4 (1). 5 (1) Schlumb., P1. XIII, 6 Schlumb., P1. XIII, 8 Schlumb., P1. XIII, 9 Schlumb., P1. XIII, 10 2 11 97 65 2

GAUTHIER DE BRIENNE 1958 Billion or AE Cross/LargeG in field

1308-1311 A.D.

(15) Schlumb., P1. XIII, 12

15

DESPOTS OF EPIRUS PHILIPPE DE TARENTE 1959* 1960 Billon Billon Cross/CastleTournois Similar JEAN II ORSINI 1961 1962 Billon Billon Cross/CastleTourois Barbarous imitation 1323-1335 A.D. After 1294 A.D. (21) Schlumb., P1. XIII, 20 (13). 26 (5). ? (2) Schlumb., P1. XIII, 24 20
1

(1; 1 imit.) Schlumb., P1. XIII, 16 1 1

LORDS OF SALONA THOMAS II 1963 Billon Cross/Shield c. 221-1258 A.D. (1) Schlumb., Pl. XIII, 13 1

78
1964 Billon

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
THOMASIll c. 1294-1311A.D. (3) Tournois Schlumb.,P1.XIII, 14 Cross/Castle
3

PRINCESOF ANTIOCH 1965

1966

AE AE

I 1098-1111A.D. (2) BOHEMOND St. Peter bust/Cross Schlumb.,P1. II, 4 Christbust/Similar Schlumb.,PI. II, 5 TANCRED 1104-1112A.D. (1) St. Peterbust/Inscription

1 1

1967

AE

Schlumb.,P1. II, 6

OF TRIPOLIS COUNTS 1968 AE RAYMONDII 1152-1187 A.D. (1) Star and crescent/Cross P1. IV, 5 Sohlumb., 1

UNCLASSIFIED FRANKTSH (292;54 imit.)

AND THE ISLANDS OF GREECE COINAGES MINOR

(5) 1969 Billon JEAN II DE LA GRANDEVLAQUIE 1303-1318A.D. (1) Tournois Schlumb.,P1.XIII, 17 Cross/Castle I GHISI, Lordof Tenos 1303-1311A.D. (1) GIORGIO Tourois P1.XIII, 29 Schlumb., Cross/Castle LORDSOF CHIOS After1347 A.D. (1) Schlumb.,P1.XIV, 21 CastleTournois/Cross LEOGABALAS,King of Rhodes 1204-1240A.D. (1) Schlumb.,PI. VIII, 17 Inscription/Inscription ORDEROF ST. JOHN at Rhodes After1319 A.D. (1) Schlumb.,P1.X, 3 Genoese gate/Cross 1

1970

Billon

1971

Billon

1972

AE

1973

Billon

FRENCHCOINAGE
KINGS OF FRANCE 1974 Billon (16) LOUIS IX 1226-1270A.D. (6) Cros/CastleTournois

Bl.-Dieud.,II, pp. 224, 227

CATALOGUE
TOURAINE 1975 Billon SAINT-MARTIN DE TOURS Castle Tournois/Cross 12th Century A.D. (1) Poey d'Avant, I, p. 222, 1636

79

DUKES OF BRITTANY 1976 Billon JEAN I Cross/Shield 1237-1286 A.D. (1) Poey d'Avant, I, p. 65,356 1

COUNTS OF PROVENCE CHARLES I D'ANJOU 1977 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois 1246-1285 A.D. (3) Poey d'Avant, II, p. 320, 3947 3

CHARLES II D'ANJOU 1978 AR Prince seated/Cross

1285-1309 A.D.

(1) Poey d'Avant, II, p. 823, 3974 1

ROBERT 1309-1348 A.D. 1979 AR Prince seated/Cross

(3) Poey d'Avant, II, pp. 323f., 8977 (2). 8985 (1)

POPES AT AVIGNON JEAN XXII 1980 AR Pope seated/Cross 1316-1334 A.D. (1) Poey d'Avant, II, p. 848, 4142 1

ITALIAN COINAGE
(15; 1 imit.) KINGS OF SICILY 1981* AE (3) with ends Emperor standing/Cross pronged ROGER II 1130-1154 A.D. Spinelli, p. 148,49 3

WILLIAM I 1982 AE Lamb with cross/Cross

1149-1166 A.D.

(1) Spinelli, pp. 154f., 75-77 1

WILLIAM II 1983 AE Inscription/Inscription

1166-1189 A.D.

(1) Spinelli, p. 90, P1. XIV, 22f. 1

COUNTS OF CAMPOBASSO NICHOLAS II 1984* 1985 Billon Billon 1450-1462 A.D. (9; 1 imit.) Edwards, p. 158,48 9
1

Cross/CastleTournois Barbarous imitation of same

80
POPES AT ROME

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
PIUS IV 1559-1565 A.D.

(1) CNI, XV, p. 499, 144 1

1986

AR

Papal arms/St. Peter

VENETIAN COINAGE
(1024; 17 imit.) DOGES OF VENICE JACOPO TIEPOLO 1987 1988 AR Billon 1229-1249 A.D. (3) Pap., I, p. 98, 2 Pap., I, p. 99, 6
2 1

Doge, St. Mark/Christenthroned V N* CE/Cross

RANIERI 1989 AR

ZENO 1253-1268 A.D.

(1) Pap., I, p. 106, 1

1

Doge, St. Mark/Christenthroned

GIOVANNI 1990 AR

DANDOLO 1280-1289 A.D.

(1) Pap., I, p. 137, 2

1

Doge, St. Mark/Christenthroned

FRANCESCO DANDOLO 1329-1339 A.D. 1991 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant

(10) Pap., I, p. 163,11

10

BARTOLOMEOGRADENIGO 1339-1342 A.D. 1992 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant ANDREA DANDOLO 1343-1354 A.D. 1993 1994 AR Billon Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Cross/Lion of St. Mark

(2) Pap., I, p. 168, 3

(2) ]Pap., I, p. 182, 4 ]Pap., I, p. 183, 8

1 1

GIOVANNI DOLFIN 1995 1996 AR Billon

1356-1361 A.D.

Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Cross/Lion of St. Mark LORENZO CELSI 1361-1365 A.D.

(3) ]Pap., I, p. 196, 2 ]Pap., I, p. 197, 4

1
2

(9) ]Pap., I, p. 201, 4 9

1997

Billon

Cross/Lion of St. Mark MARCO CORNER 1365-1367 A.D.

(20) ]Pap., I, p. 204,5 20

1998

Billon

Cross/Lionof St. Mark ANDREA CONTARINI 1368-1382 A.D.

1999 2000

Billon Billon

Cross/Lion of St. Mark Barbarous imitation of above

(115; 1 imit.) Pap., I, p. 217, 8

115
1

MICHELE MOROSINI 2001 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark

1382 A.D.

(13) Pap., I, p. 221, 4 13

CATALOGUE
ANTONIO VENIER 2002 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark MICHELE STENO 1400-1413 A.D. 2003 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark 1382-1400 A.D. (185) Pap., I, p. 231, 7

81
185

(33) Piap., I, p. 240, 7 33

TOMASO MOCENIGO 1414-1423 A.D. 2004 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark

(9) Piap., I, p. 253, 9

AGOSTINO BARBARIGO 2005 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark

1486-1501 A.D.

(22) Piap., II, p. 83, 64

22

LEONARDO LOREDAN 2006 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark ANDREA GRITTI 2007* 2008 Billon Billon

1501-1521 A.D.

(1) Piap., II, p. 114, 79

1523-1528 A.D.

(4) cf . Pap., II, p. 147, 6 PE ap., II, p. 171, 174 (1) Po Ip., II, p. 267, 53 1 1 3

Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Christin aureole Cross/Lion of St. Mark LORENZO PRIULI 1556-1559 A.D.

2009

Billon

Cross/Lion rampant GEROLAMO PRIULI 1559-1567 A.D.

2010

Billon

Cross/Lionrampant PIETRO LOREDAN 1567-1570 A.D.

(2) PsIp., II, p. 289, 91

(3) Peip., II, p. 304, 33 3

2011

Billon

Cross/Lion rampant ALVISE MOCENIGO 1570-1577 A.D.

2012

Billon

Cross/Lion of St. Mark

(3) Peip., II, p. 323, 60 (2); p. 331, 120 (1)

NICOLO DA PONTE 2013 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark

1578-1585 A.D.

(1) PE ip., II, p. 375, 103

2014

Billon

PASQUALE CICOGNA 1585-1595A.D. Cross/Lion of St. Mark

(2) PE ap., II, p. 415, 141

MARINO GRIMANI 2015 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark

1595-1605 A.D.

(3) Pa ap., II, p. 455, 123 (2). 127 (1)

FRANCESCO MOROSINI 2016 AR

1688-1694 A.D.

(1) 1

Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Lion with cross SILVESTRO VALIER 1694-1700 A.D.

Pap., III, p. 513, 90

(1) cf. Pap., III, p. 519, 2 1

2017 6

A/

Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Christin aureole

82
ANONYMOUS COLONIAL ISSUES 2018 2019* AE AE

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

Lion of St. Mark/St. George and dragon DALMAET ALBAN and variations 74 DALMAET ALBAN 39 DALM ET ALB 1 DALMATET ALBAN 3 DALMATET ALBANIA ISOLEET ARMATA ARMATAET MOREA CORF CEFALZANT and variations 20 CORF CEFALZANT 1 CORF ZANT CEF 13 CORFV CEFALZANT 7 CORFV CEFALZANTE CORFV CEFALONZANTE 4 CORFV CEFALONIAZANTE 3 SOL DINI 21 SOL DINO CANDIA FR in exergue PM in exergue 2 1

Pap., II, p. 553, 51 Pap., III, pp. 927-938, 7-86

1 117

2020 2021 2022

AE AE AE

Pap., III, pp. 938f., 87-94 Pap., III, pp. 939-941, 95-106 Pap., III, pp. 941-943, 107-126

54 109 48

2023 2024 2025

AE AE AE

Pap., III, pp. 961-966, 2-36 Pap., III, p. 966, 38 Pap., III, pp. 969f., 62. 66

12 1 3

VENETIAN UNCLASSIFIED Doges of Venice Barbarous imitations of same Anonymous colonial issues

(229; 16 imit.) 208 16 21

OTHERCOINAGES UNCLASSIFIED
(18,402) Medieval (Western Europe) Islamic Moder (almost all Greek) 11 7,073 11,318

NUMERICAL SUMMARY
ROMANREPUBLICAN Q. Titius C. Norbanus Ti. Claudius Cn. Cornelius Lent. Marcellinus M. AemiliusScaurus Cn. Plancius D. Junius Brutus Albinus P. SepulliusMacer M. Antonius ROMANIMPERIAL Augustus Tiberius Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Sabina AntoninusPius Faustina I MarcusAurelius Faustina II LuciusVerus Lucilla Commodus Crispina Didius Julianus ManliaScantilla SeptimiusSeverus Julia Domna
Caracalla

15 88 B.C. 80 B.C. 78-77 B.C. c. 76-74 B.C. 58 B.C. c. 54 B.C. 49-48 B.C. c. 44 B.C. c. 37-31 B.C. 1

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 7 18,674 9 imitations

27 B.C.-14 A.D. 14-37 A.D. 41-54 A.D. 54-68 A.D. 68-69 A.D. 69 A.D. 69-79 A.D. 79-81 A.D. 81-96 A.D. 96-98 A.D. 98-117 A.D. 117-138 A.D. 138-161 A.D. 161-180 A.D. 161-169 A.D. 176-192 A.D. 193 A.D. 193-211 A.D. 198-217 A.D. 209-212 A.D. 218-222 A.D. 222-235 A.D. 235-238 A.D.

5 2
1

2
1

1 11 2 18 3 46 67 2 46 14 26 28
11

5 15 3
1 1

Plautilla Geta Elagabalus Julia Maesa SeverusAlexander Julia Mamaea MaximinusI Maximus
6*

13 6 12 2 5 4
1

26 18 21 2

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS Pupienus GordianIII Philip I OtaciliaSevera TrajanDecius HerenniaEtruscilla HerenniusEtruscus Gallus Trebonianus Volusian Aemilian ValerianI Gallienus Salonina ValerianII Saloninus Macrian Quietus Postumus Victorinus Tetricus ClaudiusII Quintillus Aurelian Severina Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus MagniaUrbica Numerian Diocletian Maximian ConstantiusChlorus Galerius Galeria SeverusII II Maximinus LiciniusI LiciniusII ConstantineI Fausta Helen Theodora Urbs Roma Constantinople PopulusRomanus Crispus II Constantine ConstantiusII ConstansI Delmatius Vetranio Magnentius ConstantiusGallus Julian II House of Constantine 238 A.D. 238-244 A.D. 244-249 A.D. 249-251 A.D. 251 A.D. 251-253 A.D. 251-253 A.D. 253 A.D. 253-260 A.D. 253-268 A.D. 2
52

31 9
10

260-261 A.D. 260-261 A.D. 259-268 A.D. 268-270 A.D. 270-273 A.D. 268-270 A.D. 270 A.D. 270-275 A.D. 275-276 A.D. 276 A.D. 276-282 A.D. 282-283 A.D. 283-285 A.D. 283-284 A.D. 284-305 A.D. 285-305 A.D. 305-306 A.D. 305-311 A.D. 306-307 A.D. 308-313 A.D. 307-323 A.D. 307-337 A.D.

5 2 17 8 4 38 349 83 2 1 4 3 1 1 2 23 1 163 11 7 9
101

4
10

1 4 72 108 22 51 2 3 9 50 14 527
1

337-340 A.D. 337-861 A.D. 337-350 A.D. 350 A.D. 350-853 A.D. 361-863 A.D.

17 1 90 74 1 33 168 1855 434 4 1 2 123 283 1419

NUMERICAL SUMMARY Jovian ValentinianI Valens Procopius Gratian ValentinianII TheodosiusI Flaccilla Maximus Victor Eugenius Arcadius Eudoxia Honorius TheodosiusII Eudocia Placidia Johannes ValentinianIII Marcian Leo I SeverusIII Zeno ValentinianI-III Unclassified Imitations "VANDALIC" Vandal Kings OstrogothKings Bust of TheodosiusI Bust of Honorius Bust of TheodosiusII Bust of ValentinianIII Bust of Marcian Bust of Leo I Bust of Zeno Bust of AnastasiusI Bust of Justinian I Unclassified BYZANTINE IMPERIAL AnastasiusI Justin I JustinianI Justin II TiberiusII MauriceTiberius Phocas Heraclius ConstansII ConstantineIV Justinian II (1st) TiberiusIII Justinian II (2nd) Philippicus
491-518 518-527 527-565 565-578 578-582 582-602 602-610 610-641 641-668 668-685 685-695 698-705 705-711 711-713 A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. 31 13 132 172 20 25 48 232 817 30 1 363-364 364-375 364-378 365-366 367-383 375-392 379-395 384-388 384-388 392-394 383-408 A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. 13 224 521 5 165 514 1055 13 5 4 4 1012 6 304 334 2 1

85

393-423 A.D. 400-450 A.D.

428-425 425-455 450-457 457-474 461-465 474-491

A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D.

1
9 107 152 1 2 1047 6435 9 4,796 8 78 5 118 30 77 134 130 47 243 103 3823 11,240 37 imitations

1 6 61

86

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

AnastasiusII 4 713-716 A.D. Leo III 23 717-741 A.D. Constantine V 2 741-775 A.D. Leo IV 1 775-780 A.D. Constantine VI 1 780-797 A.D. Irene 1 797-802 A.D. Leo V 1 813-820 A.D. MichaelII 2 820-829 A.D. 4 829-842 A.D. Theophilus MichaelIII 1 842-867 A.D. Basil I 867-886 A.D. 17 Leo VI 886-912 A.D. 81 ConstantineVII 913-959 A.D. 257 46 963-969 A.D. NicephorusII John I 53* 969-976 A.D. Basil II, Constantine VIII 571 976-1028 A.D. RomanusIII 218 1028-1034A.D. MichaelIV 1034-1041A.D. 154 ConstantineIX 104 1042-1055A.D. Isaac I 13 1057-1059A.D. ConstantineX 102 1059-1067A.D. RomanusIV 108 1067-1071A.D. MichaelVII 229 1071-1078A.D. 1 1077-1078A.D. NicephorusBryennius III A.D. 1036 1078-1081 Nicephorus Alexius I 1081-1118A.D. 1267 John II 144 1118-1143A.D. ManuelI 1143-1180A.D. 3775 Andronicus I 1183-1185A.D. 78 Isaac II 1185-1195A.D. 156 Alexius III 18 1195-1203A.D. 2 AndronicusII 1282-1328A.D. of 3 Nicaea Empire 5 of Thessalonica Empire of 1 Trebizond Empire Unclassified 1121 Imitations 37 * For the period from John ZimiscesthroughAlexiusI, the anonymousissues are assigned to individual emperors accordingto the chronologyoutlined in the commentary.Since it is impossibleto make a definite divisionof the Agoracoinsof CLASSA-i betweenJohnI andthe earlyyearsof Basil II and Constantine VIII, this first anonymousgrouphas been arbitrarily halved - fifty-two coins to John and fifty-two to Basil and Constantine. Each of the other anonymousclassescan be attributedin its entirety to a singlereign. FRANKISH ..... .................... 1,186 55 imitations 5 16 15 1 imitation 1,024 17 imitations
11

MINORCOINAGESOF GREECEAND THE ISLANDS

FRENCH ........ ..................

ITALIAN . . . . .. VENETIAN ..................

. ..

. ..

...

. ..

.. ....

. . . . ..

MEDIEVAL ................ ......... ISLAMIC . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. MODERN(almostall Greek) .................

. . .

7,073 11,318 55,492

COMMENTARY
ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE
1 References for the Roman Republican coinage are to the recent study of Edward A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London, 1952), which revises the catalogue of the British Museum collection (BMC, Republic, I, p. 288, 2235). Sydenham believes that Rome was the chief minting center from the second

preparedin 1910 by H. A. Grueber. No. 1 of the Agora catalogue,a bronzeissue of Q. Titius, is assignedto the mint of Rome by Grueber century down to the time of the Social War but that its output duringthe period was augmentedby the activity of at least one other Italian mint. In his opinion,the coinageof Q. Titius was struckboth at Rome and at the auxiliaryItalian mint. 9-12 Antony'slegionarycoins, of which five specimenshave been found in the Agora,were struckfor his
naval and military forces prior to the battle of Actium. Grueber (BMC, Republic, II, p. 526, note 1) dates

the entire series32-31 B.C., attributingit to Ephesuswherethe fleet and legions werefirst assembled.

13 Various theories have been advanced regarding the dating and origin of Antony's "fleet" issues, of which our coins are representative examples. Bahrfeldt, after compiling considerable evidence on known specimens and their provenance (Num. Zeit., 1905, pp. 9-56), concluded that the money was struck between the autumn of 37 B.C. and the summer of 35 B.C., probably aboard one or more of Antony's ships. In the British Museum catalogue (II, p. 510, note 1), Grueber restricts the dating to 36-35 B.C. and suggests that the mint may have been Zacynthus, a convenient port of call for vessels travelling to the East. Grant, in his

study of the early Romanbronze(FromImperiumto Auctoritas, pp. 43-45), is inclinedto attributethe issues to Tarentumfollowingthe conferencebetween Antony and Octavianheld there in the spring of 37 B.C. In Sydenham'svolume the coins are dated 37-36 B.C. and assignedto an Italian mint.

ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE 17 Grant (op. cit., pp. 102-110) argues that coins of this type must have been struck at variousmints. Specimenshave been found in widely-scatteredsections of Asia Minorand the Balkans, includingGreece;
the excavations at Dura produced two pieces and those at Antioch fourteen (A. R. Bellinger, The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Final Report VI, The Coins, p. 139, No. 1354), while three were found at Pergamum (Reg-

ling, Blatt. f. Miinzfr.,1914, col. 5679). 29 The attributionto Tarracois open to question. In a recent article (Am. Num. Soc. MuseumNotes, IV, of A.D. p. 3), C. H. V. Sutherlandstates "the worknow being done at Oxfordon the dies of Flavian sestertii
70-71 has shown quite conclusively that the so-called coins of the Tarraco mint were actually struck at

Rome." 36 Head laureater. AVGGERMANICVS IMPCAESAR DOMITIANVS

Rev. COS Xllll to left and right of Minerva advancing r., brandishing javelin and holding shield.

(PLATE1) This form of the obverselegend is not given in either the BMC or the RIC listing. 51 This plated piece is a hybrid, possibly an ancientforgery.The reverseis that of BMC, III, p. 112, 565, while the obverselegend- IMPTRAIANOAVGGERDAC PMTRP COS VI PP - belongsto earlierissues of 112-117A.D. (BMC, III, pp. 89-103). 58 Variantobversewith bust laureater. as Cohen,II, p. 57, 368,

88

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

61 One coin has the prow symbolr.; the other is without it. 66 Mattinglysuggests (BMC, III, p. cviii) that the mint may have been Cypruswith Antioch as another possibility.Bellinger(Dura,VI, p. 140, No. 1363)points out, however,that Trajan'sother coinagefrom both mints has Greekinscriptions.The case for Antioch is strengthenedby the fact that seventeenspecimensof this type werefoundthere (DorothyB. Waage,Antiochon-the-Orontes, IV, part two, Greek, Roman,Byzantine and Crusaders' Coins,p. 94, Nos. 1016f.). 69 Variantreversewith globe in exergueas BMC, III, p. 287, note 372. 82 Variantobversewith bust laureate,draped,cuirassedr. as Cohen,II, p. 202, 1154. 83 Variantobversewith bust laureater., draperyon 1.shoulderas BMC, III, p. 425, note 1263. 90 With excavationcoinsit is often impossibleto distinguishthe dupondiusfrom the As when the obverse has no radiatecrownand the primarydistinction is one of weight. In any event sinceno weightsare available for the Agorabronze,I am unable even to attempt a separationof the two denominations for this period. 93 Variantobversewith head laureater. as BMC, III, p. 504, note 1693. 95 Variantobversewith bust drapedr., head bare as Cohen,II, p. 176, 827. 98 This wornobverseseems to be a variant with bust drapedr., head bare (confirmed). 99 Variantobversewith draperyon 1. shoulderas BMC, III, p. 475, note 1549. 100 Variantobversewith head laureater. as BMC, III, p. 475, note 1552. 108 The legendsare badly wornbut the types seem to be those of Cohen,II, p. 349, 801. 111 Variantobversewith head laureate1. as Cohen,II, p. 328, 590. 114 One coin has a variant obversewith head radiate1. as Cohen,II, p. 309, 403. 122 The obverselegendis almost illegible.The coin may belongto the issue of 158-159 A.D. as BMC, IV, pp. 354f., 2075-2077. 128 Variantreversewith no box visible as Cohen,II, p. 432, 249. NA Bust of Faustina I drapedr. 131 DIVAFAVSTI Rev.AETERNITAS SC Juno, veiled and draped,standingfront with head left, r. arm raisedand 1. arm lowered. (PLATE1) The Agoracoin is identical with the referenceexcept that the reverseshows no trace of the sceptrewhich Junoholdsin herleft hand. It seemslikely that this representsan erroron the part of the die-cutter.Thereis an As type with the AETERNITAS SC legend and a female figure (Juno?) standing with right armraised and left arm close to her side (BMC, IV, p. 247, 1542), but the representation on the Agora coin is much closerto that of the sestertiustype with sceptreattribute. 136 DIVAFAVSTINA Bust of Faustina I draped r. Rev. IVNO[NI RE]GINAE Juno seated 1. on throne with high back, holding patera in extended r. hand and long sceptrein 1.; at feet, peacock. (PLATE 1) Thisis a hybrid,probablyan ancientforgery.Theobverseof FaustinaI is coupledwith a reverseof FaustinaII (cf. BMC, IV, p. 401, 122-124) where, however, Juno is on a low seat. The style of the Agoracoin and the issue. weight (2 grams), whichis light even with allowancefor corrosion,indicate an irregular 141 Variantobverselegendwith AVREL as Cohen,III, p. 85, 873. 148 The ending of the obverselegend is vague. The coin may belong to the earlierissue of 172-173 A.D. (BMC, IV, p. 627,1437).

A.)D

151 The obverselegendmay end TRP XXXII,as BMC, IV, p. 674, 1676,in which case the date is 177-178

COMMENTARY

89

L AVRELIVS VERVS AVG Bust drapedand cuirassedr., head bare. 172 IMPCAESAR TEMPCOS II SC Felicitas standing1.,holdingcaduceusand cornucopiae. Rev. FELl (PLATE1) Withrespectto obversetype andboth obverseandreverselegends,this pieceis a variantof the BMCreference. but the coin has been recheckedand a cast Unfortunatelyits conditionprecludessatisfactoryreproduction, of it bears out the readings given above. as Cohen,III, p. 194, 257. 174 Variant obverselegend with AVREL 176 The reverse legend is somewhatuncertain. The coin may belong to the issue of 168-169 A.D. with SC (as BMC, IV, p. 608,*). TRPOTVill1 IMPV COS 11I 192 The coin is in poor condition;this seemsto be the reverselegend and type. SC as RIC, III, p. 443, 682. The same 193 On this worn reverse the legend may read IVNO REGINA type occurswith both legends. 200 All trace of silver has disappearedfrom this plated coin. Due to breaksin the flan, the legends are fragmentary.The space seems right for the reverseform given in the catalogue,but it is possiblethat the originalreadingwas PMTRP XVIICOS IIIPP (as BMC, V, p. 357, 6f.), in which case the coin was struckin 209 A.D. 201 The obverse legend fades at the end. The issue may be that of 194-195 A.D. with L SEPTSEVPERT AVG IMP1111, as BMC, V, p. 129, 514f. 202 This seems to be the correctreverselegend and type, but the coin is in poor condition. 207 The reverselegend is worn but is probablythis readingratherthan IVNO SC as on No. 206. 210 The reverseinscriptionis wornbut is probablythis reading. 216 The Agoracoin has a variant obversewith radiate bust drapedr., as BMG, V, p. 455, note 126. G Bust radiate and drapedr. 218 ANTONINVS ............. Rev. PMTRP XV!! CO [S 1111 PP] Sol radiate standing1., raisingr. hand and holdingglobe. This coin, if correctlydeciphered,is probablyan ancient forgery. It has been recheckedbut is too broken A similarcoin is listed in RIC, IV1, p. 246, 245 (after Cohen,IV, p. 169, 243) and corroded for reproduction. In citing this coin in the BMC, Mattingly but with the obverse legend ANTONINVSPIVSAVG GERM. remarksthat its reverselegend belongsto 214 A.D. whereasthe regularissue of doubledenariionly begins in 215 A.D. The Agora specimen is all the strangerin that its obverse legend, which presumablyis ANTONINVSPIVSFELAVGsince the G endinghas been confirmed,dates back to a still earlierperiod. 226 Since the coin is not available,it is impossibleto tell whether it should be attributed to Rome, as listed, or whetherit belongsto an issue with the same types and legendsassignedon the basis of style to an Eastern mint, possiblyAntioch (BMC, V, p. 586, 338f.). 227 The Agorapiece varies slightly in that the laureatebust r. seemsto be drapedand seen fromthe front; in the reverse field there is no star (confirmed). of the coinagefrom SeverusAlexanderto PupienusfollowsPink, "Der 229 The chronological arrangement in der Kaiserzeit",Num. Zeit., 1935, pp. 12-34. Aufbau der r6mischenMiinzpragung madein the introductory 249 Thisissueis one of those assignedto Antiochin the RIC listing, with reference a of that the not those Eastern issues are text (p. 62, note *) to Pink's theory regularmint but the work a in a or the East (Num.Zeit., 1935, p. 14). Bellinger(Dura, VI, of companyof forgers revolutionaryparty pp. 131f., Nos. 1162-1167) summarizesPink's argumentand states his objectionsto it. 250 PIVSAVG Bust laureate, drapedr. IMPALEXANDER and extending right hand to child at Rev. VENVSCEL Female figureseated 1., holdingcornucopiae her feet. (PLATE 1) This would certainlyseem to be a forgery.The obverseof SeverusAlexanderis coupledwith a corruptform of the VENVSCAELESTIS legend of Julia Soaemias.The reversetype, however,is that of Fecunditasrather

90

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

than Venus. This combination of types togetherwith the abbreviatedand misspelledlegendis most peculiar, an but the coin does not look particularlybarbaric.Thereis a hybrid, a base denarius, suggesting imitation, listed in the RIC, IV2, p. 94, 308, which pairs an Alexanderobverse with the usual VENVSCAELESTIS reverse of Soaemias.
293 On one of these coins the obverse legend reads FELIXinstead of FELas RIC, IV3, p. 48, note 297.

305-308 The distinctionbetweenthe two mints,in the case of Nos. 305, 30f., is a stylistic one- a classification which I am unable to make. No. 306 is one of a groupof coins segregatedin the RIC volume as irregularissues, possibly of Eastern origin or the work of ancient forgers.
309 f.

pairedwith the usual obverse;the second has a reverse of Philip I. Mattingly suggeststhat such irregular issues may be the products of forgers. 325 IMPM IVLPHILIPPVS AVG Bust radiate, cuirassed1. Rev. AEQVITAS and scales. AVG Aequitasstanding 1. with cornucopiae (PLATE 1) The reverselegend with AVGinstead of AVGGis given in Cohen,V, p. 95, 8, but Mattinglystates that the single G is an error.Bellinger (Dura, VI, p. 56, No. 1249) lists two specimensfrom the excavations,both with AEQVITAS AVGbut with obversebust radiater. This is listed as a hybridin RIC, the reversenot pairedwith the right obverse.

These two pieces are classified as hybrids in the RIC listing. The first has a reverse of Gordian not

328

334 A hybrid, accordingto Mattingly,since the reverseis not coupledwith the right obverse.
358f. In Berytus, VIII, 1943, pp. 61-64 and inDura, VI, p. 137, Nos. 1267-1304, Bellinger discusses the transfer of the mint from Antioch to Emisa in 252-253 A.D. Since the Agora coins are not at hand for further study,

I cannot distinguishbetween the two mints on grounds of style. It would seem more likely that Athens drew her supply of coinagefrom Antioch. An issue at Milanis identicalin types and legends (RIC, IV3,p. 181, 205).

364

in mint attributionand chronology 368 ff. The coinageof Valerianand his familypresentsnumerous problems in the Agora. The fundamentalcataloguesfor the period are those of Otto Voetter (Num. Zeit., 1900, pp. 117-147 and 1901, pp. 73-110) and Percy Webb (RomanImperialCoinage,Vol. V, part 1, 1927). Since the
RIC volume appeared, considerable work has been done on individual mints by Alfoldi, Elmer and others, but there had been no recent attempt at a systematic treatment of the entire coinage prior to the publication which are of particular pertinence for this tabulation because of the large number of Gallienus pieces found

by Robert Gobl of another section of the Vienna "Aufbau"series covering the years of the joint reign, 253-260 A.D. (Num. Zeit., 1951, pp. 8-45). A study of the 260-268 A.D. periodby the same authoris now in progress. in certaininstancesthe formin whichthe new materialis presented- sometimeswith little or no illustrationIt has been very difficult to decide how to list the Agora coins. Many of the special studies have made changes in mint attributions and dates which render the RIC catalogue somewhat out-of-date. However, together with the fact that some of the articles appear in comparatively inaccessible periodicals detract

from their usefulnessas generalreferenceworks.

in view of Gobl'sforthcomingpublication,it would seem pointlessto go back to Voetter'swork of 1900 for

more restricted datings than the general 260-268 A.D. classification. It should be noted that for the joint

The overwhelming majority of the Agora coins belong to the sole reign of Gallienus and were struck at Rome and in Asia. For Rome there has been no recent effort to fix the chronology of the later issues, and

reign, G6bl'sdates are in most cases slightly differentfrom those of the RIC, being generallya year later. For the Asia mints we are fortunatein having two studies by AndreasAlfoldi ("Die Hauptereignisseder Jahre 253-261 n. Chr.im Orientim Spiegel der Miinzpragung" in Berytus,IV, 1937, pp. 41-68 and "Die
romische Miinzpriigung und die historischen Ereignisse im Osten zwischen 260 und 270 n. Chr." in Berytus, V, 1938, pp. 47-91). These works, based on a hoard of antoniniani from northern Syria, have placed the issues of the Asia mints on a firm foundation, reattributing some of the pieces assigned by Webb to Moesia and dividing the RIC Asia category into the emissions of three separate mints. For the Asia coinage, therefore, the dates and references are those of Alfoldi's publications, with pages and numbers cited for Berytus, V and plates for Berytus, IV since the form of the latter work makes reference to the text difficult.

COMMENTARY

91

With the exceptionof this groupof Asia mints, it has seemedbest to use the RIC referencesand to avoid confusionby followingthe mint attributionsand datings therein given. Some of the emendationsproposed by later writers have been indicated in the course of the commentary;for a more completelisting of the literatureof this coinage,the readershouldconsult Gobl (op.cit., p. 10). 376-378 Gobl dates the first emissionof the Milanmint to 259-260 A.D. and includesnone of these types in it. CONCORDIA he assigns to Rome, 253-254 A.D.; SALVS MILIT AVGG(type of RIC, V1, p. 57, 252) to Viminacium,257 A.D.; SECVRIT to Cologne,258 A.D. PERPET 379-388 The dates given by Goblfor the issues of the two Asia mints are more closely definedthan those
of Alfoldi. Bellinger ("The Numismatic Evidence from Dura", Berytus, VIII, 1943, pp. 65-67) gives his

reasons for dating the first emission at Antioch from 253 A.D. He also suggests 254 A.D. as the opening year for the second Asia mint. The location of this secondmint in Asia is an interestingproblem.Alf6ldi,rejectingthe earliersuggestion of Voetter that it might have been situated at Cyzicusor Tripolis,arguesfor its establishmentat Samosata and in this attributionhe is followedby Gobl.Bellinger,citing historicalevidencewhichmakesthat location impossible,would place it at Emisa. Of 245 coins of Valerianfrom the Dura Excavations,43 belong to this second Asia mint, which proportioncertainly seems too high for the identificationof the issuing mint as Cyzicus.However, of the 38 coins of Valerianfrom the Agora, 12 were struck by this mint, as contrasted with 8 from Antioch. Assumingthat these proportionsbear a reasonablyclose relationshipto the money it seems strangethat a mint as remoteas Emisa shouldhave been supplying Athens originallyin circulation,
with one-third of her coinage during the reign of Valerian. Were one considering the Agora coins alone, a few years later under Claudius II. Mattingly, in fact, suggests that Cyzicus was functioning during the last years of Gallienus (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, p. 108). Possibly a further argument for Cyzicus is provided by the Antioch Excavation figures where the coins of the second Asia mint outnumber those

Cyzicuswould appearto be a suitable location for the mint in question, particularlysince it was operating

of Antioch, which leads Mrs. Waageto question Alf6ldi'sattributions(Antioch,IV, ii, pp. 101f.). The significant circumstanceis that later, under Diocletian and his associates,more coins of Cyzicusthan of Antioch itself were found in the excavations.Whateverthe final answer,it seems to me that the Agorafinds must
be taken into consideration as indicating a mint nearer Athens than either Emisa or Samosata.

397 401

The mint mark on one coin is

not listed in RIC for this type. (confirmed), mint markof our coins, RIC, V1,p. 172, 474.

The same type was struckat Siscia, RIC, VI, p. 181, 565. One coin is a variant: Gallienus'head is radiate r., Fortuna'srudderrests on a globe, and the mint

403 Milanalso issued this type with theP| 406 413

markis

J\

(confirmed). (1).
, RIC, V1,p. 182, 577.

Some of these coins may belong to Milan as RIC, V1, p. 173, 489. The mint marks are recordedas

(3), l

(1),

417 Siscia has the same type also without mint mark,

423 Someof this groupof Agoracoins may have been struckat Siscia,cf. RIC, V1, p. 183, 585. The obverse is uniformlyGALLIENVS AVGwith a radiate head r. On four reversesUberitas is representedwith purse and cornucopiae, on seven with grapesand cornucopiae. The obversetype and legend is given only for Siscia in the RIC listing; the reversetype with purseis assignedto Rome and that with grapesto Siscia.However, five of the Agoracoinswith grapesand one with pursehave the Romemint mark,J_; the remainder have . It seems likely that at least nine of the Agorapieces belong to Rome. 426 No mint markis specifiedin RIC; our coin is recordedas having ZI .

429 Milanhas the same type, RIC, V1, p. 177, 534. All three coins have

430 Both coins have the obverselegendGALLIENVS AVG(confirmed). This is not given in the RIC listing.
431

for the joint reign.

Gobl attributes this issue to Viminacium in 257 A.D. Nos. 432f. are not included in his compilation

92
432 434

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS This coin presentsa variant obversewith the bust radiate, draped1. (PLATE 1). In an article "The Reckoningby the Regnal Years and Victories of Valerianand Gallienus"(Jour.

Rom. Studies, XXX, 1940, p. 4), Alfoldi dates this issue to 266 A.D., the VII referring not to the tribunician

powerbut to the imperialconsulship. 445 This is a 258 A.D. issue of Cologneaccordingto Gobl. 446-456 In his study of the mint of Siscia under Gallienus ("Siscia",Num. Koz., 1927/8, pp. 14-58),
Alf6ldi divides the issues into three periods. According to his classification our Nos. 446-448 were struck c. 261-263 A.D.; No. 449 c. 264-268 A.D.; Nos. 450f. c. 267-268 A.D. No. 452 he attributes to the mint

Pannonianmint, possibly Sirmium;No. 454 to the same of Rome; No. 453 to either Rome or an uncertain Pannonianmint. No. 456 is not listed amongAlfoldi'sSisciatypes, nor is No. 455 with the SI and |S mint marksof our coins. 447 The same type is listed for Milanin RIC, V1,p. 174, 501. All pieceshave 1. 457-459 Alfoldi attributes these types to an uncertainmint in Asia Minor,Ephesusbeing advancedas a possibility.Mattingly (Num. Chron.,Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, p. 108) thinks it was probablyCyzicus. instead of AETERNIT The reverselegend on our No. 457 is blundered,AETERNTT (PLATE 1). GALLIENVS 463 This type with IMP AVG,as listed in RIC, V1,p. 103, 437, is not given byAlfoldi although the identity it wouldseem to belongto the secondemissionat Antioch (Berytus,IV, p. 44, b). A cast confirms of the Agora coin and the RIC reference. 477 The mint mark on one coin is uncertain. AVG Radiate, drapedbust r. 501 GALLIENVS Rev. AETERNITATI AVG Sol standing 1., raising r. hand and holding globe in 1. Crescentin 1. field. (PLATE 1) This type with the crescentin the left field is given by neither Webbnor Alfoldi.It belongswith the latter's sixth emissionat Antioch, as recordedon p. 56 of Berytus,V, and is anotherexample of the final stage of the "star" striking. AVG Head radiate r. 516 GALLIENVS Rev. LAETITIA AVGG Laetitia standing1. with wreath and anchor. (PLATE 1) Apparentlythis is an addition to the list of hybrids cited in RIC, V1, p. 160, which combinean obverse of the sole reignwith a reverseof the joint reign. 517 Gobl attributes this issue to Milan,259-260 A.D. 533-536 Accordingto Alfoldi'sclassification ("Siscia",Num. Koz., 1927/8),our No. 533 shouldpresumably be dated c. 264-266 A.D. although the mint markingsgiven by Alf6ldi are not identical with those of the RIC reference.No. 534 belongsto the periodc. 267-268 A.D. No. 535 is not listed by Alfoldifor Siscia nor is No.536. Thelatter type with PI or P|ll is attributedto an uncertainmint nearSiscia,possiblySirmium. 546 This type, listed in the RIC for Asia, is not includedin Alfoldi's two Berytusstudies. The exact type is not given by G6blbut a somewhatsimilarone is attributedby him to Cologne,259-260 A.D.
558

(Num. Chron.,Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, pp. 94f.) follows Webbin dating it 259 A.D. 568f. The attributionin the RIC volumeis to Cyzicus. 572 Webb assignsthis type to Rome (RIC, VI, p. 212, 14). 573 One of these coins has an overstruckobverse. DIVOCLAV[ Radiate head r. Rev. CONSECRATIOEagle 1., head r. (PLATE2)

Alfoldi (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, IX, 1929, pp. 261f.) places Postumus' accession in 260 A.D.; Mattingly

On the obverse the beginning of the reverse legend CONSEC.. runs around from the second V of DIVO CLAV across the emperor's neck, and there are faint traces of the reverse eagle on the head of Claudius. This rather strange example of overstriking may represent an attempt on the mint workman's part to

COMMENTARY accidentthe reversedie instead of the obverseone was used for this secondimpression.

93

strengthen the ending of the obverse legend (the concluding DIO has left no trace on the coin). By some

574 These four coins are in poor condition. One has the mint mark -, which indicates Milan according to Webb; on the others only the reversetype is visible. 579 This type with the J mint mark of our coins is also listed underMilan,as RIC, VI, p. 281, 146. 581
592

One of the two coins with the page 272, 62 referencemay belong to Milan as RIC, V1, p. 280, 137.
Any or all of the pieces with the reference to page 288, 215 may be issues of Rome (cf. RIC, V1, p. 271,

one coin with the referenceto page 288, 216 has the same mint mark as the Rome strikingof RIC, V2, 59); p. 271, 60. 595 One coin has a variant obverse:bust radiate and cuirassed1. with spear and shield (confirmed). 600 For one coin the strikingmint may be Rome as RIC, V1,p. 271, 59. 605 AVG (confirmed). One specimenhas a variant obverselegend: IMPAVRELIANVS

612 Thistype withthe mintmark coins,is listedin the RICvolume L -, whichis foundononeof theAgora
for Serdica(p. 294, 260) and Milan(p. 279, 129) as well as for Cyzicus. 613 Rome is a possibilityfor one coin (cf. RIG, V1, p. 271, 53). 614 One coin, otherwisecorresponding to RIC, V1, p. 304, 349, has a variant obverse legend and a mint mark not includedin the listing of Webb. IMPC AVRELIANVS AVG Bust radiate and cuirassedr. Rev. RESTITVTOR ORBIS Female figure standing r. presentingwreath to Aurelianstanding 1. and holding spear;betweenthem, suppliantkneelingfigure.Mint mark H. (PLATE 2) 648 IMPC M ANN FLORIANVS AVG Bust radiate and cuirassedr. Rev. VICTORIA PERPETVA AVG Victory standing r. presentingwreath to Florian standing 1. and * holding sceptre.Mint mark KAA ' (PLATE 2) Webb does not list this reverselegendfor Florianbut he does includeit for Tacitus(RIC, V1,p. 346, 201-203) with the same Serdicamint mark. 650 Pink attributesthis type with the XXIA X IA mint markof our coin to Rome ratherthan to Siscia which is the mint of the RIC reference.
For the coinage of Probus the RIC references have been retained but the dates and attributions are those

of Pink's recent work ("Der Aufbau der romischenMinzpragungin der Kaiserzeit: VI/I Probus," Num. Zeit., 1949, pp. 13-74). 655 The poorly preservedobverse inscriptionseems to read IMPPROBVS PF AVG (confirmed).This is not given in the RIC listing but is recordedby Pink (op. cit., p. 58). 657 On this coin the mint markis -VS (confirmed). Cf. RIC, V2,p. 87, 187 for RVAand Num.Zeit. 1949, . p. 59 forRVA' 691 The mint mark X* is not listed in the RIC for this Salus type. It does occur in Pink (confirmed) with the SALVS AVGlegend- datedto 280 A.D. - but the type there is Salusstandingr., not seated 1. as on our coin.

693 Two coins with j (RIC, V2, p. 29, 101) are attributedby Webb to Lyons. A third coin, otherwise like RIC, V2, p. 113, 869, has the variant obverselegend PERPETVO IMPPROBOP AVG,listed by Pink as occurringat Serdica.

94

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

696 Accordingto Webb the mint marks on three of these coins are also found at Siscia in combination TEMP with the CLEMENTIA type. Pink, however,attributes all of them to Cyzicus. 727 No trace of the silver wash remains.

in a series of articles in the Numismatische Zeitschrift for 1911, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1923 and 1925. The dates for this post-reform period are those of Voetter if I have correctly understood his chronological divisions as indicated in the publications cited above. One deviation of which I am conscious is in respect to the beginning

deals only with the pre-reform RomanImperialCoinage issues; for that periodthe RIC referencesand dates have been used. The later coinageis treated by Voetter in his catalogueof the Paul Gerin Collection(Die bis Romulus, Vienna, 1921) and der roimischen Kaiser, Kaiserinnenund Caesarenvon Diocletianus Miunzen

The coinage of the 1st Tetrarchy, like that of Valerian and his family, presents a reference problem. Webb's

of the new reformcoinage.Voetterbelievesthat it startedearlierin somemints than in others,but his special at the Agora.Rather than presentanunbalanced do not includeall mints represented studiesin the Zeitschrift
picture, I have preferred to retain the general 296 A.D. dating for the inauguration of the reform issues

throughoutthe empire. MILITVM The bulk of the Agoramoney for the Tetrarchyperiod consists of CONCORDIA pieces. A few of in with the mark the more are antoninianiof the pre-reform series value, XXI, belong to exergue;many
an almost identical bronze issue with mint letters above the exergual line but no mark of value below. This new AE denomination is described as a three-scruple piece by L. C. West ("The Coinage of Diocletian and the

and Social History,Princeton,1951, pp. 290-302). Edict on Prices",Studiesin RomanEconomic

MILITVM 738 CONCORDIA pieces with the K mint mark of Cyzicushave turned up in quantity in the AntiochExcavations(Nos. 1307, 1819, 1326, 1334). Sincethey are morenumerousthan the issues of the same type attributed to Antioch, Mrs. Waage remarks"The large numberof these coins found at Antioch casts considerabledoubt on Cyzicusas the mint." In this connection,however,the finds at Athens should be taken into consideration.The coin totals for Diocletian and his colleagues from both sites are closely comparable,and the amount of CONCORDIA MILITVM money is also about the same: AGORA ANTIOCH all coins all coins CM issueswith K CMissueswith K 25 25 92 72 Diocletian 108 58 98 71 Maximian 22 11 25 17 ConstantiusChlorus 34 19 51 37 Galerius It seemsto me that the figuresfromthe two excavations suggest only that Cyzicuswas the major supply mint at this period. NOB CAES Head laureater. 764 MAXIMIANVS ADVENTAVGGNN Africa with elephant head-dressstanding 1., holding standardand Rev. FELIX II elephanttusk; at her feet, crouchinglion (vague). PKa (PLATE 2) The date, 296-297 A.D., is that suggestedby Elmer ("Die Pragungendes staatlichenr6mischenMiinzamtes in Karthago",Num. Zeit., 1932, pp. 24-26). He believes that this was the first issue struck after the arrival of MaximianHerculeusin Carthageand the organizationof the mint there.
797 One coin has a wreath in the left field, as Cohen, VII, p. 200, 112, instead of the palm described by

Maurice. SMN(confirmed). SMN 810 It was first thought that these two specimenswere struckat Nicomedia,a mint not includedin Maurice from Athens and it seems to amongthose issuing this type for LiciniusII. A cast of one coin was forwarded I than . In all probability the same is true of me that the blurred mint mark is more likely the secondcoin which has not been reexamined.

SMtHr

SMN

COMMENTARY

95

CAESSfor Licinius II at Antioch. Our mint mark, though 814 Mauricedoes not list PROVIDENTIAE somewhatcorroded,seems to be A.TA. Cf. MauriceIII, p. 188, V for an Antioch issue of Crispuswith this

sametype. mint mark.It was originally 818 Oneof thesecoinshas an uncertain recorded as A ErS which seems AQEr'
impossible.From the cast the only letters which are absolutelycertain are the S in the right field and the Q RJS

in the exergue. I thinkit is probablyRO withthe faint markings the RQdue eitherto corrosion following
RQ

or to restriking. 1.andthe mintmarkreads1823 Onone specimen Sol is advancing 826 Themintmarks, vague,seemto be thoseof Treves. although
829 In the exergue of the Agora coin there are two captives back to back between the letters P and L. This form of the mint markis given in Mauricebut not associatedwith the VICTORIAE type. 830 This piece corresponds to the referenceexcept that the mint markis LI In Mauricethe (confirmed).

not givenin Maurice. (confirmed),

initialstaris listedonly for lateremissions. 832 Themintmark wasoriginally readas R|Al but the type is not givenin Maurice forRome,nordoes
Rome apparentlyuse this combination.Judgingfromthe cast, the readingcould well be 1, representing

a slightvariation of the Arlesmintmarkings listedby Maurice. 833 The exergue is COST (confirmed). A similar withoutan officina letterbeforethe marking reading mintnameis illustrated CO-ST on P1. VI, 23 ofMaurice, CONSTA' 835 Onecoin,type of Maurice, II, p. 886,V. 4, has -1S (confirmed). 839f. Although theseposthumous as having beenstruckat Siscia,our types are not recorded by Maurice mintmarks havebeenconfirmed as _.1, and i. 844 The reverseof our coin corresponds even to the mint mark reference, exactlyto the Cohen TSrVI Voetteralsorecords the type forThessalonica (confirmed). 339, (Gerin, p. 21). 850f. Neither issueis listedin Maurice for Thessalonica but MissEdwards (Corinth, VI, Coins,p. 94, 278)
ne Pietas specimen has the VN MR On the Agorapiecesthe mint marksare S'jS for for one Pietasspecimen type. (confirmed) br'l (cMT b tL andapparently TL for the quadriga. TSA

866 Thistype is not in Maurice for Nicomedia but ourspecimen has --L -SMNr (confirmed). 869 Onthe Agoracoin,whichotherwise to Cohen, VII, p. 281,462, the reverse corresponds legendreads in errorPROVIDENTIA CAESS. The type is not included in Maurice for Nicomedia but our mint markis
_SMN (all confirmedbut reproductionimpossible). I ,, not given in Maurice. 870 One specimen,type of Maurice, y III, p. 73, I. 1, has M ~~~~~~SMNE*'

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THE ATHENIANAGORA: COINS

874 This issue is recordedby Mauricefor Carthage(I, p. 353, III. 3) but not for Cyzicus.The Agora mint markhas been confirmedas either SMKAor MKA
SMKA MKA

878 It is not certain that these two coins belong to Cyzicus;Mauricedoes not list the type at that mint. One of our mint marks is recordedas but not certain). 886 The type is not in Mauricefor ConstantineI at Antioch. Onepiece has AT the other (confirmed); IKA (checked SMKA and probablycorrect);the other as SKC (possible SMKC

I
ANTA'
893 Mauricedoes not give this type for Alexandriaand it is by no means certain that our coins belong

N IA ql S Both have been reexaminedbut the there. The mint marksare recordedas ALEA and SMA pieces are in poor conditionand certainty is impossible.

916 SALVS REIPVBLICAE is not listed by Mauricefor Fausta at Cyzicus; the Agora coin has SMIKE (confirmed). 920 Cyzicusis not amongthe mints strikingthis type for Helen accordingto Maurice's listing. One of our coins has been confirmedas reading SMKA
SMKA'

and CONSTANTINOPOLIS ROMA 923 The VRBS issues are attributedto the reigns of ConstantineI and his sons. The beginningdate for each type is that of Maurice,who indicatesin the case of certainmints that the strikingmay have started in 330 ratherthan 333 A.D. With respect to the GLORIA EXERCITVS issues, it seems likely that they stoppedin 340 A.D. when ConstantiusII and Constansceased to use this type on their regnal coinages. for Nicomediabut a similarpieceis listed by Voetter (Gerin, 931 This type is not given by Maurice p. 193,3). One Agoraspecimenhas SMN (confirmed). T 937 Ourmint markis C Cf. No. 833 above for a similarreadingillustratedin Maurice. CONST (confirmed). 942 Althoughnot in Maurice,the type is given by Voetter for Heraclea(Gerin,p. 119, 8). The mint mark I (confirmed). on the Agora specimenis SMHF but he does give a similarhybrid piece underRome 945 Mauricedoes not list this type for Constantinople (I, p. 258, II). S A (confirmed).

959 Only VICTORIAE LAETPRI NC PERP is given by Mauricefor Arles but Voetter (Gerin,p. 86, 16) has the LAETAE formwith a mint mark differingfromour TA (confirmed). 964 This type is not includedunder Thessalonicaby Maurice.The Agora coin has .SA (confirmed) and corresponds exactly to Cohen,VII, p. 341, 19. 973 The Cohenreferencelists the type as AE4 but the Agorapiece is AE3. Ourmint mark seems to read
CONSe

a form not given in Mauricefor either Constantinople or Arles. INS (confirmed),

COMMENTARY

97

to Cohen,VII, p. 369, 992 One coin has a variant obverse:head laureater. (confirmed). This corresponds 88, but is not in Maurice. 997 In his study of the brief reign of ConstantineII ("Constantinus junior als Augustus",Num. Zeit.,
1909, p. 14), Voetter assigns to that emperor certain issues which Cohen lists under Constantine I. The numbers reverse. Voetter's pertinent to this tabulation are Cohen 244-249 and 252f., all with the GLORIAEXERCITVS and to on me based size to confirmation from the fact that seem re-attributions, legend forms, gain strong

unless some or all of these issues are assignedto Constantine II, there is not a singlecoin in the Agoradating to the three year periodwhen he was Augustus.

1029 For the coinages of Constantius II and Constans after 337 A.D., the restricted dates are those suggested by Voetter (Num. Zeit., 1909, pp. 1-14) and by Mattingly (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XIII, 1933, pp. 182-202 and

Ser. 6, VI, 1946, pp. 115f.). Voetter regardsthe VOT XX MVLT XXX of Constantius II, the VOT XV MVLT

XX of Constans and also the latter's hybrid VOT XX MVLTXXX as contemporary issues starting in 343 A.D. (one standard) Mattingly believes that the sons of Constantine continued their father's GLORIAEXERCITVS type down to 340 A.D. After the death of Constantine II, the VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN reverse was initiated by Constantius and Constans and remained in use at least until 345 and perhaps as late as 348 A.D. 1,100th anniversary of Rome. With respect to these last issues I am somewhat uncertain as to Mattingly's

At that time, i. e. 348 A.D., the variousFELTEMP REPARATIO types were introducedin celebrationof the exact chronology.In speakingof the FEL TEMP REPARATI O type with a warriorspearinga fallen horseman,
he suggests that the "PB" denomination was probably later than the "MB". In the course of the same article the abandonment of the AE2 coinage is linked with the downfall of Magnentius, but in the Chroniclestudy

of 1946, a later date, c. 356 A.D., is given for the breakdownof Constantius'reformin the empire at large,
at which time the "centenionalis" - the AE2 coin - was demonetized and only the smaller AE3 piece remained

in circulation.

largercoins to over 900 of the smaller.

I do not believe that Mattingly is implying that there was any considerable interval between the first emissions of the FEL TEMP REPARATIO denominations. There is in the Agora a fair representation of the smaller "fallen horseman" issue of Constans which suggests that it was struck for some little time prior to 350 A.D. As to the termination of the AE2 coinage, I should prefer Mattingly's earlier date, c. 353 A.D., in view of the proportions in the Agora of the FELTEMP REPARATIO issues of Constantius: roughly 60 of the

No chronological restriction has been attempted for SPES REIPVBLICE, SECVRITAS REIP,VICT AVG or VICTORIAAVGG. The second and third types are used only by Constantius II and Constans, not by Julian, which probably indicates they antedate 355 A.D. when Julian became Caesar. SPES REIPVBLICE and VICTORIA AVGG, found for all three emperors, may well cover most of the 337-363 A.D. period.

1060 The type is that of Cohen,VII, p. 446, 38, but the Agorapiece is AE3 not AE2 (confirmed).
1108 1137 Maurice does not give the mint mark form which occurs on our coin, BI SMANE. (confirmed). DN CONSTANS AVG Bust diademed and draped r. Rev. GLORIAEXERC[ITVS] Two soldiers with a single standard between them. SCONC SCONL 2) (PLATE

This is a variant of Cohen,VII, p. 313, 62, without the FLin the obverselegend.

1193 The obverse legend on the Agora coin reads FL DELMATIVSNOB CAES as Cohen, VII, p. 362, 6. Maurice gives DALMATIVS. 1197 This piece may be incorrectly attributed. The obverse is badly worn but the bare head with letter behind could be that of Magnentius. On the reverse AVG ET is visible in the legend and the type seems to be that of two Victories placing a wreath on a column. 1203 Two of the Agora coins correspond to Cohen, VIII, p. 33, 16 except that they are "PB" instead of "MB". The same is true of the other specimens listed under a "cf. 16" reference: Nos. 1208, 1210, 1214.

1206 The Cohenreference(VIII, p. 36, 36) is "MB";the two Agorapieces are "PB".
1219
7

Our coin has a variant ending for the obverse legend: NOB CS instead of the NOB C of the Cohen

reference.

98

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

1226 In the case of one coin the obverselegendis too wornto permit an exact reference.It may, therefore, belong either to the 355-360 A.D. period, where it has been listed, or to the years followingwhen Julian was Augustus.The same reservationappliesto the SPES REIPVBLICE piecesfromother mints whichhave the same "C.?" reference. TEMP 1237 One Agora coin, with the usual FEL REPARATIO reverse and the mint mark SN, has an

obverse bust draped r., head bare, and the variant legend: [FL] IVLIAN[VS NO]B CAESAR(all confirmed). On this particular piece the beginning of the inscription is uncertain but another coin of the same type,

mint uncertain,has the confirmed NOBCAESAR reading:FL IVLIANVS (see No. 1252 below).It seemslikely that the legend is the same in both cases.
On one coin the obverse bust is draped r., head bare, and the legend reads DN IVLIANVSNOB CAESAR.

1238

Althoughnot in Cohen,this formis given by Voetter(Gerin, p. 198, 3), whose coin has the same -I- mint SMNE mark of our piece. (PLATE 2). 1252 Two of these coins show the same variant obverselegend describedunderNo. 1237 above (confirmed and very probablythe same for the other). for one as FL IVLIANVS NOB CAESAR 1253 Three coins of this type have the bust drapedr., head bare, and variant obverselegends. One reads and [DN IVLIANV]S NOB CAESAR NOB CAESAR DN IVLIANVS NOBCS; the other two, DN IVLIANVS (all three confirmed). formof the obverselegendis peculiarto Nicomedia, Since, on the evidenceof the Agoracoins, the CAESAR it seems probablethat the four pieces with illegible mint markswhich show the same variation also belong to that mint. 1260 Cyzicusis not listed as one of the mints used by Jovian in Cohen,Voetter or Bernhart (Handbuch derromischen zur Miunzkunde Kaiserzeit).Ourmint markis SMiK (confirmed). 1268 One coin has a mint mark not given by Pearce: _ (confirmed). .SSISC * ? (confirmed). SISCP
A?

1271 The form of one mint markis not in the RIC listing, 1297 On our coin the mint mark is -

not in Pearce. (confirmed),

is not listed by Pearce. 1299 The formof the mint mark, IR (confirmed), CS3MTRS

1301 Onemintmark is
in the RIC reference. 1311

*rsIsc

IA

a secondis recorded as (confirmed);

is included IA . Neitherofficina -ASISC

intended to pass as an from this coin which was apparently The silver wash has entirelydisappeared

argenteus or a siliqua.

in Pearce'searlierstudy of the late Romanperiod(The RomanCoinage 1330 Thistype is listed for Procopius fromA.D. 364 to 423, reprintedfrom Spink'sNumismaticCircular,1931-1933),but it is not includedin his RIC, IX catalogue. The three Agora coins are in poor condition so that certainty is impossible,but they seem to belong to Procopius. PF AVG Bust diademed,drapedand cuirassedr. 1334 DN GRATIANVS Rev. GLORIA ROMANORVMRoma seated facing on throne, holding globe and spear. IP AQPS (PLATE2)

COMMENTARY

99

Althoughthis specimennow retains no trace of silver, it is probablethat it was once meant as a siliqua. The type is that ordinarily but the GLORIA associatedwith VIRTVS ROMANORVM ROMANORVM, legend of the Agoracoin has been confirmedas certain.Pearcegives one exampleof this latter form for the mint of I Sirmium(?) in the RIC (IX, p. 160, 11), and anotherwith is cited by Cohen(VIII, p. 128, 18). Our LVGPS coin indicates that Aquileiaalso put out the same type. 1394 The VICTORIA AVGGG type with two facing Victoriesis listed by Pearce for other mints but not for Constantinople. On the Agora piece the mint markis A (confirmed). CONSA

1430 Pearce (RomanCoinage,p. 35) believes that the mint of Siscia operated until about 387 A.D., at which time it was dismantledand probablynever re-opened.Althoughmentioningexamplesof later issues, such as SALVSREIPVBLICAE, listed in sales catalogues as having Siscia mint marks, he feels that they until their attributioncan be tested. The confirmed should be disregarded reading Si on this Agoracoin of Theodosius provesthat Siscia was functioningafter 387 A.D., if Pearceis right in dating the beginningof the SALVS REIPVBLICAE issue to 388 A.D. Onespecimenof the same type struckby Arcadiusat Siscia was found in the also Agora (No. 1504). 1444 This type is listed in the RIC volume as having been struck at Constantinople by ValentinianII and Arcadiusbut not by Theodosius.It does, however,appearelsewherefor that emperorand it is reasonable to supposethat Constantinople also issued the type. Ourmint markwhich seems to read Cor is perhaps blunderedfor [

1448 VIRTVS AVGGG for Theodosius. is not given by Pearceas one of the types put out at Constantinople The Agora coin has C]ONSC (confirmed).

1497 The SALVSREIPVBLICAE type is not listed at any mint for Eugenius in the RIC catalogue, but Miss Edwards (Corinth, VI, p. 116, 680) has a specimenfrom the CorinthExcavations. On our piece the of the obverselegend is preserved DN EVGE[(confirmed). beginning 1498 Pearce'snew RIC volume ends with the death of TheodosiusI in 395 A.D. Only the earlierissues of Arcadiusand Honoriusare includedin it. One of these, SALVS must surely continue after REIPVBLICAE, 395 at most mints. From the Agora, one-halfof the entire coinage of Arcadiusand one-quarterof that of for the comparatively Honoriusare of this Victory and captive type, which seems far too high a proportion briefperiodpriorto 395whenthe two wereAugusti.I shouldbe inclinedto thinkthat the SALVS REIPVBLICAE issue goes on at least until 400 and possibly down to 408 A.D. TheodosiusII does not use the type, but it does reappearunder Johannesand ValentinianIII. With the coins of Arcadius,Honoriusand TheodosiusII which date after 395 A.D., I have attempted a based on the emperorsusing any given type, the type itself and the form of the chronological arrangement reverse legend. In the case of some issues, such as those with the three emperorstype or AVGGGin the reverse inscription,one feels fairly confidentthat they belong to 400-408 A.D., at which time Arcadius, Honoriusand Theodosiuswere sharingthe imperialpower. Otherissues, however,have no clear indication of date and with still others the evidence is confusing.CONCORDIA AVGG(Roma seated) and GLORIA under all with three ROMANORVM emperors.It is possible that the latter shields) appear (two emperors not the 400-408 A.D. was issued struck first type period,being by Arcadiusand Honoriusand later, during after Arcadius'death, by Honoriusand Theodosius,but it seems more likely that it continuedfrom c. 395 to 408 A.D. and was then replacedby the type with two emperorsholding a globe. CONCORDIA AVGGis an AE3 denomination.This largerflan was not used extensively by Honoriusand appearsonly sporadically under later emperors.Pearce (RomanCoinage,p. 106) remarksthat althoughthe AE3 piece was struck in reducedmodule up to the early years of TheodosiusII, it had by 423 A.D. given way entirely to the AE4 I shoulddoubt that any of the AE3 types representedat the Agorabelong after the death of denomination.
7*

100

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

Arcadius, and it is quite possible that some of Honorius' large flan issues, such as the GLORIAROMANORVM types with a single emperor, stopped even earlier. Needless to say, these datings are highly tentative, resting as they do upon surface criteria rather than any extensive study of the coinage as a whole.

1504 Ourcoin has the confirmed reading1.-~ As discussedabove in connectionwith No. 1430, the presence in the Agora of SALVS REIPVBLICAE coins of Theodosiusand Arcadiusindicate that Siscia was operating after 387 A.D. It may well be, however,that the workshopfunctionedfor only a short time thereafter.There are only two SALVS REIPVBLICAE pieces from Siscia as contrastedwith large numbersfrom other mints. 1506 This VOT X MVLT XX type, althoughgiven for Arcadiusat other mints, is not includedby Pearce issues. TES (confirmed). amonghis Thessalonica
* .

1553 One coin has been restruck,but the earliertype is uncertain. 1580 Only Arcadiusis listed by Pearceas having struckthis type at Heraclea.One coin has been rechecked and the mint mark confirmedas SMHA 1581 The type is not in Pearcefor any emperor at Heraclea.Both coins are in poorcondition, but one mint mark has been confirmedas CS HA 1607 DN HO[ Bust diademed,drapedand cuirassedr. Rev. VOT V in wreath. I
(broken)

(PLATE 2) This AE4 coin has a reversecommonlyassociatedwith Arcadiusbut not cited for Honoriusby either Pearce
or Cohen. Two individuals, working with the coin itself, read the beginning of the obverse legend as a clear DN HO. If this is indeed the case, some coins of the VOT V type must have been issued to mark Honorius' elevation to the rank of Augustus as had been done for Arcadius ten years earlier. From the cast which is

reproduced,I am not sure that one can discount the possibility that the emperoris TheodosiusI who is known to have used this reverse. 1623 The "crossin wreath"type without legend is listed in Pearce only for the mint of Cyzicus. 1624 Pearce does not give this issue for TheodosiusII at Heraclea.Our mint mark has been confirmedas
I _

SMHA' the number of 1630 Although Theodosiusis not recordedas having struck this type at Constantinople, coins from the Agoraleaves no doubt that there was an extensive emissionfrom that mint. 1634 The mint mark on the Agoracoin is SMNA(confirmed), but the type is not in Pearce for Theodosius
at Nicomedia. Miss Edwards, however, cites an example from that mint (Corinth, VI, p. 119, 740). 1636 Although not in Pearce for Nicomedia, the type is illustrated by Sabatier (PI. V, 19) with SMN

SMNA.-

One of our pieces has SMNE (confirmed). 1641 The mint mark in one case is I but the type is not in Pearce for Theodosiusat ANTA (confirmed),

Antioch. However, Mrs. Waage records eight specimens from that mint (Antioch, IV, ii, p. 145, No. 1987).

r. 1653 [DN VALENT]NIANVSPFAVG Bust diademed,drapedand cuirassed Rev. VOT XX in a wreath (PLATE 2)
9

COMMENTARY

101

Pearce cites two similar examples of this type for Valentinian III (Roman Coinage, Add. p. 107, 85 and

p. 108, 85). One has has a specimenwith -l

S

and the other

The Newell Collectionof the AmericanNumismaticSociety

1657 This type in bronze is given by neither Pearce nor Cohenfor Valentinian III, but two specimens with illegible mint markswere found at Antioch. The obverseinscriptionon the Agorapiece is clearly DN and the reversehas the mint mark SIKE (all confirmedbut reproductionis impossible). VALENTINIAN[ legendfor Valentinianat the mint of Rome. SinceCyzicusproducedthe crosswithoutlegendissuein quantity for TheodosiusII, it is not surprisingto find an exampleof the same type for Valentinianfrom that mint.
Pearce (Roman Coinage, Add. p. 2, 78a) does cite a coin with the cross type and a SALVSREIPVBLICAE

1663 Neither Sabatiernor Bernhartlists Heracleaas one of Marcian'smints. Our pieces have SMH (one
confirmed).

in Sabatieror Bernhart,but five coins with the Antiochene 1666 Antiochis not given as a mint of Marcian mint markare listed by Mrs.Waage(Antioch, IV, ii, p. 146, Nos. 2023f.).
1672 One coin seems to have the beginning of a reverse legend: VICTO[ (confirmed). The mint mark may

be that of AntiochA

1677 Bust of SeverusIII diademedand drapedr. (very obscure) Rev. Monogramof Ricimer:RiE (PLATE2) of the monogram is that of Friedlaender(Die MiinzenderOstgothen, Theidentification Berlin,1844,pp. 5 f.) an of obverse the a line has which he shows The Berlincoin, of inscription]RVSP A, referring ending drawing, Avitus' one of to 465 A.D. 461 from who to Libius Severus Ricimer, generals,had been responsible reigned that Severus owed the to It Ricimer was that and of his successor of for the downfall Majorian. emperor the with remained the real of four his the and throne rule, general.After Severus' power during years imperial before two the for all but name in the latter hand at the of death, perhaps Ricimer, year interregnum reigned of Ricimermay belong the accessionof Anthemius.The coinagewith the head of Severusand the monogram either to Severus'lifetime when Ricimerexercisedvirtual sovereigntyor to the 465-467 interval beforethe elevation of Anthemius. It is probablethat the specimenwith an uncertainmonogramrecordedby Cohen(VIII, p. 229, 18) is an example of this same type. coins (BMC, Vandals, is similarto that appearingon "Vandalic" 1678 Althoughthe formof the monogram The obverseinscription issues. with Zeno's regular p. 32, 123), it seems likely that the Agorapiece belongs and there is a mint markwhichmay be that of Thessalonica, reads DN ZENOAV (confirmed) -_STES

"VANDALIC" COINAGE

1682 Of these 118 coins, 19 have R or RMin the exergue,sometimeswith an officinamarkin the left field (P, S, T or E). Another32 have only the letter in the field (P, S, T, R or E). In this catalogueall of the minimi with crudelyrenderedlate Roman types have been groupedwith the money of the Vandal and Ostrogothkings under a general "Vandalic"classification.Since there is as yet Wroth'swork in the British MuseumCatalogueof 1911,this no publishedstudy of this coinagesuperseding at the seems the only feasible arrangement present time, but evidence now available indicates that the the rulersof North Africais not only dubiousbut quiteimpossible. to Vandalic all these issues of of attribution

102

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

Wroth's conclusion that the money was struck in Africa was in large measure influenced by the circumstance that many specimens had been found in Africa, Sicily and Italy, with few recorded elsewhere. Since then "Vandalic" hoards have been discovered in Greece and the excavations at Athens and Corinth have produced these coins in quantity. One striking aspect of the excavation finds is the extent to which the "barbaric" pieces of certain emperors approximate or outnumber the imperial issues. A partial listing of the Corinthian

and Athenian coins shows this disproportionate representation: CORINTH(1896-1929) AGORA ValentinianIII Marcian Leo I Zeno Anastasius Imperial "Barbaric" 6 11 9 6 6 11 0 5 9 7 Imperial 9 107 152 2 81

"Barbaric" 77 134 130 47 243

Miss Edwardsin discussingthe 95 "Vandalic"coins from the Corinthianexcavations (Corinth, VI, p. 11) Roman rejectsthe attributionto NorthAfricaand suggeststhat the moneywas issuedby Alaricat abandoned mints in the North and left by his Gothic followersafter the sack of Corinthc. 895 A.D. For some of the coins found at Corinththis might be a possibleexplanation,but it wouldscarcelyaccountfor pieceswith the Leo, Zeno, Anastasiusand Justinian. types and legendsof Marcian, As regardsthe Agoracoins, any connectionwith Alaric'sinvasionis even less likely. The Gothic kingdid enter Athens prior to his depredationsin the Peloponnese,but apparentlythere was no resistanceand no extensive destruction,due possibly to the payment of tribute by the Athenians. Moreover,this transitory occupationhad no noticeable effect on the currencyif one can judge by the numerousissues of Arcadius and Honoriuswhich come from the excavations. Certainlyit seems improbablethat for nearly a century the bulk of the currencycirculatingin Athens was that of the northernbarbariansrather than the official issues of Rome and Byzantium. and I believe she concludedthat many of them wereimperialemissionsoriginatingin mints on the northern fringesof the Eastern Empire. This seems a much more plausibleexplanation,but one which perhapsdoes not go far enough. Some of the coins from the Agora are named pieces of the Vandal and Ostrogothkings, and others, of extremelycrudestyle or with no knownRoman prototypes- such as the issues with the palm tree type and those with strange monogramforms - may well be of barbaricorigin. Such coins are comparativelyrare. The bulk of the Agora money is in the imperialtradition, distinguishablefrom the standardcoinage only in the cruderenderingof the types and legends and in the absenceor abbreviationof mint marks.Actually it is often difficultto decide whetheran individualspecimenbelongsin a regularor irregularcategory, and this very uncertaintysuggeststhe output of disorganized officialmints ratherthan a barbariccoinage. the fifth and a the sixth centuries state of During early politicaland economicchaos prevailedthroughout the old Romanterritories.Under a successionof weak rulersthe empirewas powerlessagainst the barbarian tribes who pillagedat will and whose forays were usually terminatednot by force but by tribute. For one briefintervalduringthe reignof ValentinianIII, the VandalsheldRomeitself. Constantinople was repeatedly threatened and although the capital was never captured, the provinces sufferedgreatly. These recurrent crises broughtthe empireon more than one occasionclose to economiccollapse.In such circumstances the must have operatedunder outlying mints, and perhapsto a lesser degreethose of Rome and Constantinople, almost impossibleconditions,handicappedby inadequatesupplies,disruptedcommunications and the lack of any strong central control. If their output was at times wretched in quality and execution, it would scarcelybe surprising.It is even conceivablethat duringcertainperiodslarge communitieswithout imperial mints, such as Athens and Corinth,were forced to set up makeshift workshopsand turn out small bronzes in orderto meet their most urgent monetary needs. The recoveryof the lost provincesand the stabilization of conditions under Justinian would, for the first time since the reign of TheodosiusI, have permitteda fundamental of the mints and a closer supervisionof their activities. It was then that the reorganization "Vandalic" issues ceased. 1683 Six pieces have mint markings: R (2), -(1), ?i (3).
After the publication of the Corinth Catalogue, Miss Edwards worked further on the "Vandalic" coins,

1685 Onecoin has a clear ]CI AVGas the terminationof the reverselegendand ISin the exergue.

COMMENTARY 1687 ] HEODVVSPFA[ Bust diademedand drapedr. Rev. ]PVB[ Victory with trophy draggingcaptive 1. +

103

(PLATE2) This type is not listed by Wrothwith the head of TheodosiusI, but the Agoracoin bearshis portrait (cf. BMC, P1. III, 23 for a very similarrepresentation).

as follows:- R, TL T 1688 Onsix specimens . therearemarkings

(confirmed), _

(2), E .

REIPVBLICAE 1689 The SALVS type is given by Wroth only with the bust of ValentinianIII. Two of the Agoracoins have a diademedand drapedbust r. with DN LEO[on one and ]LEOPF A[ visible on the other The reverserepresentation seems to be that of Victory ratherthan the emperor(as BMC, (both confirmed). p. 26, 63f.). 1690 This type, not in the BMC, is to be associatedwith the VICTORIA AVGGreverseused by Valentinian III.

1707 Onespecimen (BMC,p. 31, 118) has -LK (confirmed).

1709 On one coin (illustratedon PLATE2) the monogramseemsto be an abbreviatedand reversedversion of the secondAnastasiusvariety (BMC,p. 33, 135-138). As nearlyas one can tell, the formis 1V.The obverse legend has three letters faintly visible, possibly ]AST[. Anotherspecimenwith the standardAnastasiusmonogramhas been struckover a "Vandalic" piece of the type of No. 1724. Seventy-twoof 634 Anastasiuscoins fromAntiochare of this monogram type. In Mrs.Waage'spublication No. are attributed on the of basis to the local mint. The large ii, 2063) they (Antioch,IV, p. 148, provenance numberof specimensfromthe Agoraand from Corinthindicatesthat the type was put out by variousmints. 1710 In one case the monogramseems to correspond more nearly to that found on the imperialissues of Justinian(BMC, Byz., I, pp. 72f., 414-430), but the conditionof the coin is such that one cannot be sure. 1711 Possibly a bust r. (very worn) Rev. 4 ) (PLATE2) This silver piece has a monogramprobablycopiedfrom the E coins of JustinianI (cf. BMC, Byz., I, P1.X, 15f.). What remainsof the lettering to the right of the monogramwould seem to be a blunderedrendering of the terminationof an obverseinscription. 1712 Bust diademedand drapedr. (crude) Rev. M (PLATE2) Nothinglike this is given in the BMC. Six coins of the same generaltype were found in the Agora.Three do not seem to have the lower brokenbar of the monogram,and of these, two may have an A betweenthe two upperloops. 1713 The Agoracoin has what seems to be RDin a wreath.In the BMC there is a silver coinageattributed to the Ostrogothic of the two majorlettersof the monogram king Witigisof whichone type showsa separation RsD(P1. X, 5). Sabatier illustrates a similar piece (PI. XVIII, 35) which he regards as the coinage of ruler. On the Sabatierplate the coin is markedAE but in the text it is classed Eraric, anotherOstrogothic with the silver issues. It may be that the Agorapiece once had an S above and a C below the RDmonogram, in which case it representsa bronzestrikingof Witigis or else was once a silver plated coin from which the Like No. 1714 its conditionis too poor for reproduction. coating has disappeared. BYZANTINEIMPERIALCOINAGE 1740ff. The earliestByzantinebronze is undated. Although the BMC gives a careful breakdownof the officinaein use for each issue, there seems, for the purposeof this condensedtabulation,no particularneed to identify the Agoracoins in that detailedfashion.Accordingly have been listed for the inclusivereferences AnastasiusJustinian period.

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THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

In 538 A.D. Justinian I began to place his regnal years on some of the bronze denominations and this

practicewas followedby succeedingrulers.Some of these dates cannot be read on the Agora specimensbut many of them are still visible. In cases where only a few years are involved, I have given the specificBMC referencesand a restricteddating as related to the pieces found in the Agora. For the most part, however, the catalogue properand have embodiedin the commentarywhatever informationexists as to the exact years when individual coins were struck. With the money of Heracliusand ConstansII, the quantity of coinage and its almost uniformly miserablecondition have made virtually impossible any chronological the referencesare inclusiveones. or stylistic distinctionswithin any given issue. For those two emperors In connectionwith the numerousinstances of overstriking,the earliertype is identifiedby its numberin this catalogue.This is intended only as a generaltype referenceand does not imply that details of date and officina are identical. When the year of the earlierstriking can be read, it has been mentionedin the commentary record. to the Sabatierreference,has the officina mark S in the 1749 The Agora coin, otherwisecorresponding not for in the BMC, but a somewhatsimilarissue with a cross list this Justin does field. Wroth type right to the right of the E is attributedto the Ostrogothic king Theodoric(BMC, Vandals,p. 52, 37-40). 1750b The legibledates are as follows:years 12 (2), 15 (1), 17 (3), 18 (1), 19 (2), 20 (1), 21 (2), 24 (1), 37 (1). 1752 Years 13 (1), 23 (1),30 (2), 38 (1). 1753 Mrs. Waage (Antioch,IV, ii, p. 153, Nos. 2112-2116) attributes the second variety of this E coinage (BMC, I, p. 40, 146-159) to Antioch, and the number of pieces found in the excavations there would certainlyseem to bear out her classification. 1754 Years 37 (6), 38 (1). 1755 Years 13 (1), 17 (1), 19 (1), 20 (1), 24 (1), 29 (1). 1756 Ourspecimenhas XL to the right (year 15). 1759 On the Agoracoin the date is that of the referencebut it is not reversed. 1760c Years 22 (2), 26 (1), 27 (1), 28 (1), 33 (2), 35 (2).
1765 Although not included in the Byzantine section of the BMC, this type and one following (No. 1767 a) are classified by Wroth in his later publication of the Vandal coinage as imperial issues struck for Justinian because of the number of coins and the limitations of space, I have used inclusive dates and references for

at Rome and Ravenna.

1767b Diademed,drapedand cuirassedbust seen from the front, head r. Rev. * in wreath (PLATE3) I can find no exact parallelfor this coin. Its reverse type is that of the larger denominationstruck by Justinian at Ravenna (No. 1767 a), which shows a facing head on the obverse.Tolstoi (Monnaies byzantines, P1. 26, 513) publishesa specimenfrom his collectionwith the monogramof Christon the reverse,which is to the Agorapiece in size and in the renderingof the obversebust. Ourcoin may be only closely comparable an exampleof a faulty cutting of the monogram with the loop omitted. On the other hand it may represent a smaller denominationof the published * type, in which case Wroth's suggestionthat the indication of denomination,I, is embodiedin the reverse type would be unlikely. 1770 One coin has 0 in front of the E, a variety not given in the BMC, but recordedby Mrs.Waage(Antioch,IV, ii, p. 156, No. 2153). It is interestingto note that over one-quarter of Justinian'scoinagein the Agoraconsists of the E denomination with a monogramon the obverse. In discussingthe mint issuing this type, Wroth (BMC, Byz., I, but p. 72, note 2) commentson the irregularflans which resemblethose of the smallerAE of Thessalonica hesitates to make a definiteattributioninasmuchas the 5 nummiadenomination does not fit easily into the at that mint. It seems to me, however,that the Agoraproportions furnish system of division predominating a evidence for at strong striking Thessalonica, certainlythe most convenientsourceof supplyfor Athens and a mint which was providingthe bulk of the city's coinagea few years later under Justin II.

COMMENTARY

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On the other hand it shouldbe noted that Mrs.Waage,who assigns the type to Justin II, reports54 specimensfrom Antioch, which leads her to suggest a local origin. It may well be that the strikingof this small denomination was not confinedto any one mint. 1771 Years4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (6), 7 (2), 8 (4), 10 (2), 11 (1), 12 (1). 1772 Years 8 (1), 4 (1), 8 (3), 10 (1). 1773a Years 2 (1), 8 (1), 4 (5). 1773b Years 4 (7), 5 (17), 6 (1), 7 (4), 8 (7), 9 (5), 10 (17), 11 (13), 12 (12), 13 (6). One coin has S (year6) to the right, not given in the BMC. Anotheruses the form 4II for year 7, as BMC, p. 85, note 2. Six pieces have been struck over an uncertain earliertype, one each of BMC, Nos. 105, 111, 113, 115, 119, 122. 1774 Years 3 (1), 4 (1), 6 (2), 8 (2), 9 (1), 10 (2). 1775 Years 6 (1), 8 (1). One coin (type of BMC, No. 161) has been restruck. 1776 Years 8 (1), 9 (1), 11 (1). 1777 Years 10 (2), 11 (1). 1778 Years 6 (1), 7 (1), 8 (1), 11 (1). 1782 Years 5 (1), 7 (2), 8 (1). 1785 Years 5 (5), 6 (2). 1789 Years 2 (1), 3 (1), 9 (2), 18 (1). One piece has u (year 18) with A below, a form not given in the II BMC. Another(BMC, No. 32) has been struck over an issue of TiberiusII. 1790 Years 1 (1), 3 (2), 4 (1), 7 (1), 9 (1), 11 (1), 20 (1). Ourcoin of the year 20 has XX to the right and B below, as BMC, p. 137, note 2. 1791 Years 8 (1), 6 (2), 7 (1), 10 (4), 15 (1). 1794 This specimenis a restriking. 1795 Years 4 (4), 5 (2), 6 (3), 7 (1). 1796 Two have been restruck:one (BMC, No. 52) over No. 1789, the other (BMC, No. 49) over No. 1790, possibly year 7. 1797 One is a restriking. 1798 Underone specimenis an earlier K denomination. 1801 Year 5 (3). Two coins of this year are restrikes:one over an issue of Maurice Tiberius,the other over an uncertainearliertype. 1807a Five restruck. 1807b Thirty-fiverestruck:one over Justin I (BMC, Nos. 64-66), two over TiberiusII (No. 1787), one over MauriceTiberius, seven over Phocas (No. 1801 for six and No. 1805 for one), two over Heraclius (No. 1807b, probablyyear 8, and No. 1807c, year 10). 1807c Eight restruck:one over Justin II, one over Heraclius. 1808 Two are restrikings. 1809a Ten pieceshave been restruck:six over Phocas (Nos. 1795, 1801, 1803 [2], 1805, and an XXXX coin of uncertainmint), one over Heraclius(No. 1807b).

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THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

1810 DN hERA[CL]IpS PP [AVG] Bust of Heraclius facing, wearing armour and helmet with plume and globus cr. In r., globus cr. Rev. XX with crossabove, IIIto r., and TESin exergue. (PLATE3) The XX denominationis not recordedfor Thessalonica in the BMC, Sabatieror Tolstoi. It is known for Heracliusat Carthage,Rome and Ravenna. On the Agora coin the form of the mint mark corresponds to that on the early Kissuesof Heracliusat Thessalonica as contrastedwith OES which appearsin 614-615 A.D. A secondspecimenof this sametype was foundin the Agora;on it the date to the right is II and the obverse legend survivesas ]N hERA[. 1811 Three specimenshave been restruck. 1812b Five restruck: one over Justinian I, one over Justin II (No. 1778), one over TiberiusII (BMC, Nos. 87f.), one over Phocas (No. 1795, year 6). 1812c Three restruck: one over MauriceTiberius. 1813b One (type of BMC, No. 263) restruck. 1815 Philip Griersondiscussesthis issue and other similarones in a recent article, "The ConsularCoinage of 'Heraclius'and the Revolt against Phocas of 608-610" (Num. Chron.,Ser. 6, X, 1950, pp. 71-93). His convincingthesis is that the Heracliuscoins with consularlegends and without any symbol of sovereignty associated with the obverse types belong not to the emperorHeraclius but to his father, the exarch of Africa,who was the moving spirit in a rebellionagainst Phocas whichbeganin 608 and lasted until the son's accessiontwo years later. In all likelihood,then, this Agorapiece was struckin the name of the consul Heraclius between 608 and 610 A.D. 1817a The obversetype is that cited in the BMC (p. 234) for an M denomination issued at Carthage. 1817c Four restruck:one over TiberiusII. 1818a In publishinga hoardof 74 bronzecoins of Constans II found at Soli (NordiskNumismatisk Arsskrift, 1940, pp. 135-147), AlfredWestholmsuggeststhat certainissues were struck in Cyprusat the mint of Constantia. The series in question are five in number: 1) M with KVnlPin exergue (BMC, pp. 222f., 269-274, attributed by Wroth to Heraclius. Not in the Soli Hoardbut in an earlierCyprusfind) with KON to left and CTAN to right (OurNo. 1818f; five in the Soli Hoard) M 2) in exergue(OurNo. 1818d; one in the Soli Hoard) with M CON 3) with CON in exergue (Our No. 1818e; four in the Soli Hoard) M 4) with two M 5) figuresand CON in exergue (OurNo. 1818i; not in the Soli Hoard but in the earlierCyprusfind and presumablyto be connectedwith Nos. 3-4) It is not entirelyclearto me whetheror not Westholmbelievesthat all of the Soli coins, with the exception of one Cyzicuspiece, were minted in Cyprus,but I think he must be referringonly to the types listed above. If this is the case, 10 of his 74 coins are, accordingto his theory, of local origin. In the Agorathe same types are representedby 151 pieces: 68 of No. 2, 38 of No. 3, 40 of No. 4 and 5 of No. 5. This is nearly one-fifth of the 817 coins of Constansfound in the Athens excavations. While it does seem evident that the coinage of Constansand of other later Byzantine emperorsshould be divided among more mints than Wroth lists, I should hesitate to accept Cyprusas a major source of supplyfor Athens. On the surfaceat least, it also seems strangethat duringa relatively short time, the mint of Constantia shouldbe using markingsas diverseas KVTP,KCL)NCTAN and CON. Therecan be no question of the originof the KVnTP pieces,whetherone assignsthem to Heracliusor to Constans,and one couldperhaps make out a case for the attributionof the K)NCTAN coins to Constantiasince Cyprusapparentlyfavored Greekletters and the unusualformand arrangement of the mint markmight reflectan attempt to distinguish the provincialworkshopfrom that of Constantinople. I find it hard to believe, however, that CON on the bronzecoinagewas intended for any mint other than that of the imperialcapital. Westholmspeaksof Arabraids on Cyprusduringthe reign of Constansas isolatingthe island fromthe rest of the Greekempireand thus fosteringa local coinage. Such a situation would make it all the more difficult to explain how so much money from a Cyprusmint found its way to Athens.

COMMENTARY

107

Among the 119 coins of No. 1818a there are a numberwhich show deviations from the standardtype, notably in the substitution of a K for the crossabove the m and in variant renderingsof the reverse inscription and numerals. The Agora pieces, however, are not as badly blundered as the coins cited in the

BMC (p. 270, note 1) which Wroth thinks may be Syrian imitations.

Nearly one-quarter of the specimens of this first group (27 in all) are restrikes. Of the identifiable undertypes, eight belong to Heraclius (No. 1807b for two, 1807c for four, BMC, Nos. 204f. for one) and three the first and second strikings have been confused unless No. 1818 a extends over a longer period or No. 1818h

are issues of Constans.Of the latter, one is recordedas type No. 1818h, but it seems likely that in this case

begins earlierthan Wroth believes to be the case.

1818c Ten restruck:one over Heraclius(No. 1808) and one over ConstansII. 1818d Eleven restruck:two over ConstansII. For one of these coins this is the third impression,the type having been struck over No. 1818a under which is No. 1807b, year 20, of Heraclius. 1818e Five restruck: one over Heraclius. 1818f Five restruck: two over Heraclius (Nos. 1807b and 1812c).
1818g Nine restruck: four over Constans II (No. 1818a for one, No. 1818c for one and No. 1818h for one, which last was in turn struck over No. 1818e). The striking of No. 1818g over 1818h would indicate

that the latter issue began before 668/4 A.D., probablyin 659 when Heracliusand TiberiusbecameCaesars, a date which Wroth mentions as a possibility (BMC, p. 283, note 1). 1818h Seven restruck:one over Heraclius(?), two over ConstansII.

1819a-b. This K type is not describedin Sabatier,Tolstoior the BMC. One variety (No. 1819a) is, I think, the same as a specimenillustratedin the last catalogue(PI.XXXII, 14). Theexamplesknownto Wrothwere too defacedfor completeidentification(cf. p. 286,Nos.258f.). Two of the Agoracoins,however, have a variant
obverse type with a standing figure (similar to BMC, PI. XXXI, 18) instead of a bust of Constans.

All reverses have N to the left of the Kwith variousmarkingsto the right and below, which seem to read
A

as follows: Bust type -

ir (?) to r.; XXI(?) to r.; N to r., Kto r. on obverse(restruck);N to r. (restruckPLATE 3); N to r., K to r. on obverse; N to r.; N to r., ]IZ below. E E E
O O

Figuretype -

E (?) to r., A below; N to r., K to r. on obverse.

The dating for this issue, as suggested in the tabulation, corresponds with that given by Wroth for the M denominations with ANA to the left, which he places ahead of the issues with ANNO. However, if XXI

does appearon one coin and is intended as a date, the type was still being struckin 661/2 A.D.
1819c

a third).

Twelve restruck: five over Constans II (No. 1818c for one, No. 1818f for one and No. 1818g for

1820 One is a restriking. dated issues indicate the year by Roman numerals,the B beneaththe K on this 1823a Since Constantine's coin is presumablyan officina letter, and one wonderswhat purposewas served by placing ANNO on the reverse. The M denominationwith which this K issue seems to belong is dated by Wroth 683/4 A.D.; our coin may be of the same period. 1823b One piece was struck over a coin of ConstansII (No. 1818a). 1824 The obverseof one specimenhas a variant bust (as Tolstoi, p. 829, 139f.) with Constantineholding the globus in his right hand. Of the others, five are restrikes (one over ConstansII, No. 1818h). 1825a Two have been restruck.

108

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

1828 Both coins show evidenceof restriking. 1829a One has been restruck. 1829b Bust of Justinian II 1. (mostly obliterated)and bust of Tiberiusr. facing, each supportinga cross potent on a base. Tiberiuswears a crownwith a cross and a lozengepatternedrobe. Rev. K with cross above, X to 1., A to r., and A below. X N? (PLATE3) X N() 0 The second coin in the Agorais the same except that it has B below the K on the reverse.
This type is a variant of that listed in the standard catalogues (No. 1829 a). The obverse resembles the gold and silver issues of Justinian (BMC, P1. XLI, 4f.) in the representation of two busts supporting a cross potent, but on our coins Tiberius wears a robe of lozenge pattern instead of the customary mantle. On the

reversethere is a transpositionof ANNO and the date numeralswhichis unusualfor this period.

1830 The catalogueand discussionin Hesperia,IX (pp. 358-369) deal with forty-fourcoins of Philippicus from the Agorawhich had been identifiedpriorto 1940. Since then an additionalseventeenpieces have been
attributed to the same emperor. All but three of the sixty-one specimens give clear indication of restriking. Thirty-nine are over the K denomination of Justinian II (No. 1829 a) with two showing traces of a still earlier type - an M issue of Justinian (No. 1828) for one and possibly Tiberius III for the other. One piece seems to have been struck directly over an M coin of Justinian (No. 1828) under which may be an I denomination of

ConstantineIV (No. 1824). Four coins, apparentlymules, show no trace of the I reverse of Philippicusbut have what seems to be the standard K reverseof Justinian.
1831 Two restruck: one over another K piece, either of Anastasius himself or one of his predecessors.

1832 All of these coins have been restruck: one over Constans II (No. 1818h), twelve over Justinian II (No. 1829 a) with three showing an earlier type which in one case may be an M denomination of Tiberius III

(cf. BMC, P1. XL, 26), one over Philippicusand two over AnastasiusII.

1836

r. hand. Rev. Bust of ConstantineV 1., bust of Leo IV r.; cross between their heads. All in barbaricstyle. (PLATE 3) the solidus. It may once have been gilded and intended to pass as a gold piece.

Bust of Leo III wearing crown with cross and lozenge patterned robe and holding cross potent in

Although there is a somewhat similar AE type for Constantine V, the Agora coin is clearly copied from

to the referenceexcept that on the obverseConstantineis representedas sup1840 The coin corresponds a cross potent (cf. Tolstoi, P1. 69, 14 for the same type on an M denomination). porting 1847f. One coin of each issue shows evidenceof restriking. 1849 In one case an undertypeof Basil I (No. 1846) is visible. 1852 Eighteen restruck:one over Basil I (No. 1846), eleven over Leo VI (No. 1849), one over Constantine and Zoe (No. 1851). 1853 Seventy restruck:two over Leo VI (No. 1849), fifty-five over Romanus I (No. 1852) with four showing the earlier undertype of No. 1849. The large numberof coins of this type found in the Agorasuggeststhat the issue extendedover a longer periodof time than the Januaryto April945 A.D. datinggiven by Wroth(BMC, p. 462). I shouldbe inclined to considerit contemporarywith the coinage of Constantineand Romanus II, which was struck between 945 and 959 A.D. after the death of Romanus I. The strongest argumentagainst its dating any earlieris that this Constantinebust type is commonlyfound impressedon flans of RomanusI. 1854 Fifteen restruck:one over Leo VI (No. 1849), ten over RomanusI (No. 1852), two over Constantine (No. 1853).

COMMENTARY

109

VII (BMC, Nos. 11-13 for one and No. 1853 for nine, of which 1855 Sixteen restruck:ten over Constantine one has the undertypeof No. 1852), three over Romanus (No. 1852) with two of these showingtraces of a still earlierissue (No. 1851). 1857 Five restruck:one over No. 1864, three over No. 1867. X (No. 1857), two over No. 1867 or 1869. 1858 Five restruck:three over Constantine 1860 Three restruck: one over Romanus (No. 1859). 1861 Bust of Christfacing, wearing nimbus cruciger,as on the anonymousissues. Beneath this striking is an earlierone showinga similarChristbust with XC and possibly a large star in the r. field. ,.4 Rev. C B N B Patriarchalcross, radiate, on base and step; above it, pellets. The undertype is N^ R apparentlyan obverse of MichaelVII with ]MIX[and what seems to be part of the projecting right arm and the upright of the labarum. There are traces of a still earlier striking which could be the Virgin oranstype of No. 1870, but it is highly uncertain. (PLATE3) This Agoracoin is a fifth specimenof an extremelyrareissue discussedrecentlyby Philip Grierson(Num. Chron.,Ser. 6, X, 1950, pp. 305-311) and tentatively attributedby him to the pretenderNicephorus Bryennius. Therecan be no doubtthat ourcoin belongsto this seriesalthoughcertaindetails of the piecesillustrated do not showup clearlyon the Agoraexample.The upperbar of the patriarchal crossis perceptible by Grierson to the and the which the terminate are on arms the other hand the arindistinct; only imagination pellets of at the the the than is' of more defined the cross is case with the other rangement pellets top sharply specimens. Griersonhas made out what seems to me a thoroughlyconvincingargumentfor the attribution to Nicelate in 1077 A.D. and subphorusBryennius,duke of Durazzo,who took the imperialtitle at Trajanopolis of Macedonia and in control Thrace. He was never sequently gained possessionof Constantinople,and his a for lasted time before revolt down in short the A.D. by Nicephorus was III. As Grierson 1078 power only put has pointedout, the style of the knowncoins, and this appliesalso to the Agoraspecimen,makes it doubtful that they issued from the Constantinople mint. The two pieces whose provenanceis recorded come from the Sparta Excavations and from the AthenianAgora,which would accordwell with a workshopin North Greeceset up by the pretender.On the evidenceof overstriking,the 1077-1078A.D. dating is highly satiscollectionwas restruck factory. The Agoracoin used a flan of MichaelVII, while a specimenin the Grierson with dies of an anonymousissue (our No. 1872) which, as will appear later, seems definitely to have been the coinageof NicephorusIII. 1862 Of these coins 264 have been restruck:one over No. 1864, one over No. 1865, three over No. 1867, three over No. 1867, 1868 or 1869, four over No. 1867 or 1869, one over No. 1869 underwhich is No. 1865, four over No. 1870 underone of which is No. 1867 or 1869, one hundredand six over No. 1871 with twelve of these showingan earlierstriking (No. 1859 for one, No. 1860 for one, No. 1867 for one, No. 1867, 1868 or 1869 for seven, No. 1869 for one and No. 1870 for one), four over No. 1871 or 1872, twelve over No.1872 with three having an earlierundertype (No. 1864 for one, No. 1871 for two with No. 1867 or 1869 under this), thirteen over an uncertainanonymoustype. 1863-1875 In 1928 AlfredR. Bellingermade a highly importantcontributionto the study of the Byzantine coinagein his revisionof Wroth'sattributionsof the anonymousissues, notably in the dating of the various classesand the reclaimingof many of them for the imperialmint. WhereasWrothhad relied chiefly on style and a correspondence between signed and anonymoustypes, Bellinger was able to draw on the Corinth Excavationsmaterialand to make his arrangement on the evidenceof overstrikesand a correlation between the length of reign of the various emperors and the amountof coinagefound at Corinth.Since his study was published (Num. Notes and Monog.,35, pp. 1-27) a series of articles by P. D. Whitting and C. H. Piper in Seaby'sCoin and Medal Bulletinfor 1949-1952 has added valuable data on overstrikes,and the amount of available material has been vastly increasedby the classificationof 2235 coins of the anonymouscategory from the AthenianAgora. This extensivenew materialentirelyconfirms Bellinger'ssequenceof classes,with one importantexception, but indicates that certain changesmust be made in the attributionof those classes to individual emperors. Let us look first at the record of overstrikingon the Agora coinage, supplementedin some instances by

110

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

pertinent evidencefrom other sources.Rather than confusethe pictureby the addition of anotherseries of Roman numeralclasses to those already presentedby Wroth and Bellinger, I have used an alphabetical with referencein the outline that followsto the precedingclassifications. enumeration, CLASS A-1 (Bellingerand Wroth: ClassI) 34 over Nicephorus II (No. 1855) with 9 showing an undertype(No. 1854 for 1, No. 1853 for 5 with No. 1852 under 1 of these, No. 1852 for 2, and No. 1849 for 1) 15 over ConstantineVII (No. 1854 for 1 with No. 1852 underneath,No. 1853 for 8 with No. 1852 under 1, No. 1852 for 6) CLASS A-2 (Bellingerand Wroth: ClassI) No restriking CLASS B (Bellingerand Wroth: ClassII) 35 over CLASSA-2 CLASS C and Wroth: ClassIII) (Bellinger 27 over CLASSB 7 over CLASSA-2

64 restruck:

48 restruck:

44 restruck:

CLASS D Class VI; Wroth: ClassV) (Bellinger: 55 restruck: 31 over CLASSC with CLASSB under2 2 over CLASSB 1 over CLASSA-2 CLASS E (Bellinger:ClassIV; Wroth: ClassVI) 3 restruck: undertypeuncertain 1 over CLASSD (Seaby's,1951, p. 143) CLASSF Class V; Wroth: ClassIV) (Bellinger: 40 restruck: 23 over CLASSE 4 over CLASSC 1 over CLASSB 2 probablyover CLASSA-2 1 over ConstantineX (Seaby's,1951, p. 192) 1 over CLASSD (Seaby's,1951, p. 145) CLASS G and Wroth: ClassVII) (Bellinger 83 restruck: 11 over ConstantineX (No. 1857 for 8, No. 1858 for 3) 1 over CLASSF 1 over CLASSF or D 1 over CLASSC 1 over CLASSB 1 over RomanusIV (Seaby's,1950, p. 530)

3 ConstantineX over CLASSD 2 ConstantineX over CLASSD or F

3 RomanusIV over CLASSG (NNM 85,

p. 18; De Saulcy, Essai de classifica-

tion des suites monrtairesbyzantines, p. 250; Seaby's,1952, p. 378)

COMMENTARY

Ill

97 restruck:

CLASS H (Bellinger:ClassVIII) 106 NicephorusIII over CLASSH with 2 over CLASS G MichaelVII under 1 4 over CLASSF 16 over CLASSF or D 15 over CLASSF, E, or D 8 over ConstantineX (No. 1857 with CLASSD under 1) 3 over CLASSE 16 over CLASSD 1 over CLASSA-2 CLASS I (Bellinger:ClassIX) 2 Alexius over CLASSI 2 over NicephorusIII (No. 1862) 12 NicephorusIII over CLASSI with 82 over MichaelVII (No. 1860) CLASSH under2 6 over CLASSH 4 NicephorusIII over CLASSI or H 2 over RomanusIV (No. 1859) 9 over CLASS G with CLASSF under 1 4 over Constantine X (No. 1857 for 8 with CLASSC under 1, No. 1858 for 1) 1 over CLASSF 1 over CLASSF, E or D 3 over CLASSD 3 over CLASSC with CLASSB under 1 1 over CLASSB 1 over CLASSA-2 1 over NicephorusII (No. 1855) CLASS J (Bellinger:ClassX) 29 over NicephorusIII (No. 1862) with CLASS 3 Alexiusover CLASSJ with Nicephorus III under 1 H under4 7 over CLASSH 1 over CLASSF or D 1 over CLASSD 1 over CLASSB 1 over CLASSI (NNM, 35, p. 8)

188 restruck:

49 restruck:

CLASS K (Bellinger:ClassXI; Wroth: ClassVIII) 148 restruck: 63 over CLASS J with an earlierstrikingunder 6 Alexius over CLASSK III for 8 with CLASSG under 12 (Nicephorus 1 and CLASSF, E or D under 2; CLASSI for 1; CLASS H for 1; CLASS G for 1; CLASSD for 1) 18 over NicephorusIII (No. 1862) with CLASS H under 3 5 over CLASSI with CLASSH under2 8 over CLASSH 1 over RomanusIV (No. 1859) 1 over CLASS G 1 over CLASSD 1 over CLASSA

112

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS CLASS L (Bellinger:ClassXIII)

No restriking

It should be noted at this point that there are publisheddescriptions of overstrikeswhich directly contradict the arrangementoutlined above. While they cannot be ignored, their value as evidence must be caution. The study of restrikingsis often a difficult and hazardousundertaking, assessedwith considerable as anyone who has workedwith this coinagewill agree. On some of the Agorapieces there are at least four successiveimpressionswhich producein many instances an extremelyconfusedand puzzlingrecord.Even when the overstrikesare fewer,it is not always easy to tell whichwas the first and whichthe secondstriking, if the specimenis in a poorstate of preservation. For the chronological particularly sequenceof the anonymous issues it is the weight of the evidenceas a whole which must be decisive; when one coin is in conflictwith a considerablebody of other evidence, it may be assumedwith reasonablesafety that that individual piece has been misread. Whitting and Piper (Seaby's,1951, p. 193) mentiona possibleoverstrikeof CLASSE on MichaelVII. The writersthemselvessay that the evidenceis slight, and thereis amplereasonon the basis of the Agoramaterial to date CLASSE long beforethe reign of Michael.With regardto CLASS G, Whitting and Piper (Seaby's, 1950, p. 530) cite two coins in the British Museum,one of which has this type struck over ConstantineX or MichaelVII and the secondthe same over MichaelVII. On the first coin apparentlynot enoughremains of the originalstrikingto make identificationcertain. Since eleven Agorapieces have CLASS G over Constantine X, one may supposethat the first Londonspecimenis anotherexampleof the same sequence.The second coin is more of a problemin that the identificationis more specific.Thereis no illustrationbut the as showingpart of the legendof the Michaelnamedtype, the distinctivecoverof the Gospels pieceis described on the reverse, and the line of pellets which forms part of the crownon the coinageof Michaeland also of ConstantineX. Actually both the pellets and the Gospelscover are very similarfor the issues of these two andthe two legendshave someletters in common.Since there are three coins recorded elsewhereas emperors, it of over that the IV seems most latter could the have been CLASS G, signedtype Romanus having unlikely a flan of it Michael. the other the evidence on On is hand,judgingby quite possiblethat presented, impressed X*. For CLASSH there are the secondLondoncoin like the first is an instanceof CLASSG over Constantine which are at variancewith the ordersuggestedabove. De Saulcy(Numismatique three publishedoverstrikings PI. XIII, 2f. - of which No. 2 seemsto be the samecoin illustratedin SabatierII, P1. LIX, 2) des Croisades, has two specimenswhich from his descriptionwould representCLASSH struck over NicephorusIII. Howwith only a few blurred ever, the line drawingshowson the one side of the coin a clearobverseof Nicephorus in size to the anonymousissue but is too large the piece corresponds traces of anothertype, and furthermore for Nicephorus'named coinage when the latter makes use of new flans. There seems to me little question that the Nicephorustype is over not under CLASSH, a sequenceconfirmed by 106 coins from the Agora. Anotherexampleof ClassH over Nicephorusis cited as being in the British Museum(NNM, 35, p. 8), but P.C. WhitR.A.G. Carson reportsthat no specimenthere showsthat orderof types. In furtherconfirmation, no H he has me that of over he found the coins informs has CLASS ting Nicephorusamong many example over CLASSH sequenceso commonin the examined,whereashe has two specimensshowingthe Nicephorus de l'Orient latin, p. 277) speaks of possessingan exampleof CLASSH Agora. Schlumberger (Numismatique struck over CountRoger of Sicily. He does not specify whetherit is Roger I or II, but both rulerspostdate III whose coinage,as mentionedbefore,frequentlyuses flans of CLASSH. Nicephorus CLASS A-i (John I and Basil II with ConstantineVIII, 969-989 A.D.) Therecan be little doubt that these are the first coins of the anonymousseries. The similarityof the flans to those used by NicephorusII and the largeproportionof overstrikeson the issues of that emperor indicate unmistakablythat these small flan pieces are the coins with pious types which, accordingto John Scylitzes, were introducedby John Zimisces.Bellinger divides CLASS A into three groups: small flan (NNM, 35, P1. I, 2) struckby John from 969 to 976 A.D., intermediateflan (NNM, 35, PI. I, 3) struck by Basil II and Constantineduringthe early part of their reign down to the suppressionof the revolt of Bardas Phocas in
* After this study had been completed, I received word from Mr. Whitting to the effect that after three careful examinations of the coin in question, he is now convinced that the undertype belongs to Constantine X and not to Michael VII. I wish to take this opportunity of expressing my deep appreciation to Mr. Whitting, with whom I have had pleasant and profitable correspondence on matters "anonymous."

COMMENTARY alone, and RomanusIII from 989 to 1034 A.D.

113

989 A.D., large flan (NNM, 35, P1. I, 4-6; our CLASS A-2) struck by Basil and Constantine, Constantine With the division into three sections and the dating of the first two varieties I am in complete agreement.

Unfortunatelywhen the Agoracoins were classifiedthere was no attempt to distinguishbetween the small and intermediateflan pieces and indeed, consideringthe condition of the coins, no such distinction could safely have been made in many cases. I am, therefore,unableto give definitefiguresfor the coinageof these two groups,but the total (104 pieces) can be satisfactorilyrelated to the twenty year periodto which they are attributed. CLASS A-2 (Basil II with Constantineand ConstantineVIII alone, 989-1028 A.D.) This and CLASSL are the only anonymousgroupswhich appearin the Agorawithout tracesof restriking. of the currencywhich would accordwell with The good new flans of increasedsize point to a reorganization an era of prosperityafter the suppressionof the rebellionin 989 AD.; the wide variety of ornamentation it was struck over a considerableperiod of time. In discussingthis class, Bellingerremarksthat it should
logically stop with the sole reign of Constantine VIII with the totally different issue of CLASS B belonging to Romanus III who introduced a new gold type and might, therefore, be expected to change the type of the bronze as well. However, the sequence of classes as outlined in NNM, 35 left Bellinger no alternative, in reconciling the amount of coinage with the length of the individual emperor's reign, but to conclude that CLASS A-2 continued to be struck under Romanus. New evidence now indicates that one shift must be made (cf. NNM, 35, pp. 11-13) and the extent of the coinage (519 specimens from the Agora) alike indicate that

in Bellinger'ssequence,under CLASSD below, and this rearrangement makes the attributionof CLASSB to RomanusIII not only logical but feasible. I would then assign CLASSA-2 to Basil II with Constantine
and to Constantine alone, limiting its emission to that 39 year period.

CLASS B (RomanusIII, 1028-1034A.D.) The evidenceof overstrikingestablishesthis class as the immediatesuccessorof CLASSA-2 and it will, I think, be increasinglyclear as the chronological pattern develops that it can with completeplausibilitybe ascribedto the reign of RomanusIII. CLASS C (MichaelIV, 1034-1041A.D.) Restrikesalso fix this class in sequencedirectly after CLASS B, and, therefore,make it the coinage of MichaelIV. CLASS D (Constantine IX, 1042-1055A.D.) CLASSD brings us to the one alteration requiredin the NNM, 35 order.At the time that article was published there was no available evidence on overstrikeswhich firmly related CLASS D to other issues. AlthoughBellingerstates that it could conceivablyhave followedCLASSC, he favoredthe sequence:C, E, outlined above, a F, D. In adopting this sequence,he was compelledto abandonthe logical arrangement chronologywhich he would himself have preferred,for the followingreason. CLASSE is a minor issue (1 found at Corinth,13 at the Agora).Assumingthat it came directly after CLASSC, it would, accordingto the normalpattern, belong to the long reign of ConstantineIX. This would be manifestlyan absurddistribution of the coinage and in orderto avoid it, Bellingerwas under the necessity of assigningCLASSE to one of Constantine'ssuccessors,bringingCLASSC down to Constantineand shifting, in consequence,the chronologyof the precedingclasses. entire picture.CLASSD must follow CLASSC, with CLASSESE and F succeedingin that order.With this IX and it, thereof coinagefor Constantine CLASSD providesan adequaterepresentation rearrangement, an fore, takes is place exactly whereit shouldbelongin orderlychronological sequence. Even without the crucial evidence suppliedby Whitting and Piper, the overstrikepattern of the Agora It will be noted from the detailed outline coins would strongly suggest D-E-F as the correctarrangement.
of restrikings that for the various anonymous classes, the vast majority of restruck pieces use flans of the issue directly preceding: CLASS B with 48 restrikes has at least 35 over CLASS A-2, CLASS C with 44 restruck pieces uses 27 or more flans of CLASS B. One would then expect CLASS D, with 31 out of 55 overstrikes on flans of CLASS C, to follow immediately after that class in point of time. It is gratifying to have proof that The two overstrikes published by Whitting and Piper (Seaby's Bulletin, 1951, pp. 143 and 145) change the

this is in fact the case.

there is a and its flans are somewhatbetter than those of CLASSESE and F. Furthermore, workmanship minor detail of the reversetype which may be significant.The reversesof all three classes have the same
8

To some extent considerations of fabric and technique substantiate the new position of CLASS D. Its

114

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

three-lineinscription.On those of CLASSESD and E the decorativemotifs above and below the inscription are identical, with CLASSF there is a slight variation. Taken in conjunctionwith the other evidence, this
would seem to indicate that the reverse type came in with CLASS D, was carried over without change for

CLASSE, and then alteredslightly with the introductionof CLASSF.

CLASS E (Isaac I, 1057-1059A.D.) This issue, found over CLASSD and under CLASSF, presentsno problemof sequence,but there is considerabledoubt as to the reign to which it belongs. As we shall see later, CLASSF is the coinage of Constantine X, which means that CLASSE must be fitted in betweenthe reigns of ConstantineIX and X. The choice embracesTheodora,MichaelVI and Isaac I. Up to this point the anonymousseries has followed a IX represented regularpatternwith each rulerfrom John ZimiscesthroughConstantine by a new or a varied are two there Michael and with V Zoe In Theodora. both instances the type. Strictly speaking exceptions: reigns are short ones, three and two months respectively.For the two empressesthere is no known coinage and for Michaelonly one gold issue which may actually, as Wrothpoints out, belongto MichaelIV. One has no hesitationin omitting them from the list of rulersstrikinganonymoustypes. The situation as regardsthe later periodis different.Theodorareignedfor eighteen months, MichaelVI for one year and Isaac for two and Isaac strucksilver as well. Any one of them couldhave struckCLASSE. years. All struckgold;Theodora My feelingis that Isaacis the likeliestcandidatein that his reignwas the longestand also the latest. One might assume that the extensive anonymouscoinageof the emperorsthrough ConstantineIX providedsufficient bronzefor Theodoraand Michael.By the time Isaac came to the throne there was presumablya substantial amountof anonymous money still in circulation;the new issuewhichhe put out was little morethan a token coinageif one can judge fromthe numberof specimensthat have survived. CLASS F (ConstantineX, 1059-1067 A.D.) On the evidenceof 23 out of 40 restrikes,this issue followsimmediatelyafter CLASSE. Earlierthan Constantine X it cannot be since there is a specimenof CLASS F struck over a named piece of Constantine (Seaby's,1951, p. 192). CLASS G, whichis clearlythe coinageof RomanusIV, occursover CLASSF and to an even greater extent over the signed issues of ConstantineX, all of which points to the attribution of CLASSF to Constantine. CLASSG (RomanusIV, 1067-1071A.D.) The only explanationfor the occurrence of CLASS G underand over signed coins of RomanusIV is that this anonymous issue is his, a dating confirmed of its restrikesover the namedcoinage by the high proportion of ConstantineX, his predecessor. CLASS H (MichaelVII, 1071-1078 A.D.) This is the only anonymousgroup for which the overstrikingevidence is not clear cut. In every other instance the highest percentageof identifiablerestrikesinvolves the anonymousor signedissues of the reign immediatelypreceding.However,106 Agoracoins of NicephorusIII were struck over CLASSH and in one instance at least the CLASSH type was impressedon a signed piece of MichaelVII. Further support for the attribution of this class is providedby the large numberof coins of CLASSI, which belongs to NicephorusIII, struck over namedpieces of Michael. CLASS I (Nicephorus III, 1078-1081A.D.) In view of the appallingquantity of signed coinageof NicephorusIII found in the Agora,one hesitatesto attribute another359 specimensof CLASSI to the same three year reign, but I can see no alternative.One has on the one hand 32 coins of CLASS I struck over signed flans of MichaelVII and 2 over signed flans of Nicephorus;at the same time there exist 12 signed pieces of Nicephorusand 2 of Alexius struck over CLASSI. Thereseemsno way of escapingthe assignmentof this commonanonymous issue to Nicephorus III. CLASSES J, K and L (AlexiusI, 1081-1118A.D.) The occurrence of J over I and K over J leaves no question as to the orderof these classes.Both J and K are used as flans for the signed coinageof Alexius I so the issues must be his or those of Nicephorus. Apart from the fact that Nicephorus is alreadymore than adequatelyrepresentedin survivingmoney, a consideration of greatersignificance is the frequencywith which CLASSESJ and K appearover his signedcoinage,a which has hitherto indicated that the anonymouspieces of the second striking belong to a later pattern I should be to attribute both classes to Alexius' long 37 year reign. For CLASSL there inclined emperor. are only two coins and no evidenceof restriking;in all probabilityit too was struckby Alexius.

COMMENTARY

115

With the anonymousseries as outlined above, we have then a clearlyinterlockedsequencerunningfrom John Zimiscesthrough Alexius I, with every reign, except those of Theodoraand MichaelVI, represented by a separateanonymousclass whose proportionsas found in the Agorashow a reasonablecorrelationwith the length of the individualemperor's reign. The patternof restrikesis highly consistent,one class providing the bulk of the flans for the restruckissues of the class immediatelyfollowing.As later emperorsbegan to put out both signed and anonymousmoney, one finds, as is completelylogical, that as a new rulercame to the throne,he tended to drawhis predecessor's signedissues from circulationby overstrikingthem with his to withdrawanonymouspieces which carriedno indication own anonymoustype. Therewas less compulsion of the strikingauthority and such money was seeminglyleft to circulateuntil such time as a need for flans arose. It was then calledin and restruckwith the signed types of the currentruler. Any considerationof the anonymousissues raises questions as to why these types were introducedand what purposethey servedfor over a century,first as a substitute for and later as a supplementto the signed bronze coinage. To these questions I can suggest no plausible answer. The evidence from the Agora does, however,offerthe strongest substantiationfor Bellinger'sbelief that CLASSESH to L were issues of the struck in Syria and Palestine (as suggestedby Wroth, imperial mint rather than money of the Crusaders BMC, p. 554). If the revised chronologypresentedhere is correct,the first two classes (H and I) which bear since they were struck by the cross device on the reversecan have no connectionat all with the Crusades III. Conceivably CLASSJ with the crossrestingon a crescentcouldreferto the MichaelVII and Nicephorus strugglebetweenthe Christianand Islamic worlds.If so, it dates some years after the beginningof the reign of Alexius. 1877 One of these coins (illustratedon PLATE 3) has on the obverse a crudelyrenderedfigureof Christ seated on a throne with high back and on the reverse a cross of equal limbs terminatingat the base in a to Sab. II, p. 236, 6) show floral pattern, with 1A 3 in the upper angles. Two other pieces (corresponding of the seated Christobverseand on the reversea jewelledcrossreposingon a crescent. a similarrepresentation de but Schlumberger Sabatierattributes this type to the Latin emperorsof Constantinople, (Numismatique imitation l'Orient latin, p. 274) doubts that they struck coinage.I think this type is more likely a barbarous composedof elementsof three anonymousclasses- D, C, and J. A fourth Agoraimitation has again a seated Christobverseand as a reversetype, a crosswith IC XC in the lowerfield and possibly NI KAin the upper (for a somewhatsimilartype cf. NNM, 35, P1.III, 7). The final type is that of a Christbust on the obversewith the reverseimpressionof a cross with prongedends betweenthe armsof which are pellets or blunderedletters. 1878 This is a scyphate piece of billon. The arrangementof the coinage of Alexius differs somewhatfrom that of the BMC, where there is no indication, however, that Wroth intended a definitive order of strikings. The restrike evidence from the Agorainsofar as it is specificis as follows: No. 1883 - one probablyover No. 1880; No. 1886 - three over No. 1883, one over No. 1887; No. 1887 - eight over No. 1883 (to which can be addedanotherexamplein the BMC), one over No. 1880, seven over No. 1886. This suggestsas the orderof issue: standingAlexius,Alexius bust, Virgin, and finally the cross types. Without doubt some of these issues were concurrent,which would of one specimenof No. 1886 over No. 1887, as contrastedwith seven examplesof the explainthe occurrence reverseorder of strikings. It is interestingto note that whereasNos. 1883, 1886 and 1887 appearover anonymousissues of Alexius, there is no instance of one of the latter over a signed type, which would seem to indicate, as in the case of the anonymousseries as a whole, that the namedissues of any given emperorwere struck slightly later than his anonymouscoinage. 1880 One restruck. 1882 One restruck. 1883 Twenty-one restruck:one over No. 1874, one over uncertainanonymoustype, one probably over No. 1880. 1885 One restruck. 1886 Twenty-fiverestruck: three over No. 1873 with No. 1862 under one, three over No. 1874, four over Alexius (No. 1883 for three, No. 1887 for one).
8*

116

THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS

1887 Fifty-two restruck: two over No. 1872, two over No. 1874, two over uncertain anonymousissue, sixteen over Alexius (No. 1880 for one, No. 1883 for eight, No. 1886 for seven). 1888 One restruck. 1889 Both restruck. 1890 Miss Edwards (Corinth, VI, p. 142, note 2) has a similar mule combiningthe reverses of these two origin and the same may be true popularAlexiusissues. She suggeststhat the Corinthpiece is of barbarous of the Agoraspecimen.I have not been able to reexamineit, but the recordon the card makes no mention issues, it seems to me quite likely that many of them were simply the result of hasty and carelessstriking. Muchof the bronzecoinae of ConstansII, which was issuedin such abundance,is characterized by variant I that in these official that and irregular One assume were the mint issues can, think, inscriptions. general
was working under pressure so great that there was no proper scrutiny of the output and coins of slipshod workmanship were allowed to pass into circulation. At a later period under Alexius, John and Manuel one finds a similarly copious and poorly struck coinage, and it is then that the mules begin to appear with some frequency: two for Alexius (including the anonymous combination of CLASSES J and K, No. 1876), two for John and twenty-three for Manuel. Also with Manuel's issues there are other deviations of lesser importance, such as the transposition of the letters of the monogram. Again we have what seems to be an overtaxed mint or mints putting out a coinage of distinctly poor quality with chipped and reused flans and careless die of a barbaric appearance. While one cannot rule out the possibility that such mules were imitations of imperial

cutting. Apparentlythe mint magistrateshad no scruplesabout combiningon occasion odd reverses and

obverses if the dies were not worn out since the use of misfits was quicker and cheaper than cutting the proper

new dies.

1891 Two of these coins are obviously barbaricimitations of the jewelled cross type. A third (probably restruck)is very similarto a specimencited by MissEdwardsfrom Corinth(p. 142, 122) showingan Alexius
bust with the labarum instead of the usual cruciform sceptre, and on the reverse, a jewelled cross with the lower letters of the inscription placed at a diagonal slant. Miss Edwards suggests a Crusader origin. Of the other imitations, two are Miss Edwards' type No. 172 with a cross on both obverse and reverse, a third is her No. 175 with the bust of an emperor and a cross, in the angles of which is the legend NI

IC XC.
KA.

The two issues are listed in the Corinthpublicationunder"ByzantineUncertain",but I wonderif they may not both be imitations of Alexius issues, the one repeatinghis patriarchalcross type on both sides of the coin and the other combiningobverses No. 1884 and No. 1889. 1892 Thisis a silverscyphatecoin whichhad been gilded. It corresponds to the reference except that instead of the customaryobverse legendonly I () is visible to the 1.upward.li-f appearsabovethe two figuresand OV to the r. 1894 One coin has been restruck;it is difficultto be sure whetherit belongs to this groupor the one just preceding. 1895 Two restruck.
1897

in the other with No. 1895. The latter has been struckover a coin of ConstantineIX.

Both mules have the Virgin orans reverse, combined in one case with the obverse of No. 1894 and

1899ff. Nos. 1899-1902 arescyphatebronzeissues.No. 1899 is similarto the BMC referencebut the pieces
catalogued there are of electrum while ours is bronze. One specimen of No. 1900 has been restruck.

As with the coinageof Alexius, an attempt has been made to arrangeManuel'sregularbronzeissues (Nos. foundon the Agoracoins: No. 1907 - one over No.1904 1903-1909) in the ordersuggestedby the overstrikings with No. 1908 underthat, one over No. 1908, one over No. 1906; No. 1908 - two over No. 1904, seven over No. 1907; No. 1909 - one possibly over No. 1908. In two instances, No. 1907 over No. 1904 over No.1908 and No. 1907 over No. 1908, there is a contradictionof the orderotherwiseindicated. This may be due to a misreadingof the sequenceof impressionson poorly preservedspecimensor it may more likely be the result of issues continuedin circulationover a long period of time and used interchangeably for restriking.The monogramand St. Georgetypes are by far the most commonin the Agoragroup, and the quantity found surely indicates that both extended over many years. So slight is the evidence on overstrikesas compared

COMMENTARY

117

with the vast amount of Manuel money, that this arrangement should be considered as little more than a tentative effort, incorporating the information on the Agora pieces, which will undoubtedly need revision when

the final study of the late Byzantine coinage is made. 1904 Two restruck. 1905 One restruck. 1906 Seven restruck.

1907 Twenty-onecoins of the first monogramtype (p. 580, 79-82) have been restruck:one over No. 1904 with No. 1908 underthat, one over No. 1906, one over No. 1908. Threespecimensof this same groupshow a variationin the monogram,the A and K having been transposed. 1908 Twenty-sixrestruck:two over No. 1904, seven over No. 1907. 1909 Threerestruck:one over No. 1895 underwhich is No. 1862, one possiblyover No. 1908. 1910 The combinationsof obversesand reversesare as follows: 10 with obverseof No. 1909, reverseof No. 1907 (p. 580, 79-82) 8 with obverseof No. 1908, reverseof No. 1907 ( ,, ) 1 with obverseof No. 1904, reverseof No. 1908 1 with obverseof No. 1904, reverseof No. 1907 (p. 580, 83-85) 1 with obverseof No. 1907, reverseof No. 1908 1 with obverseof No. 1906, reverseof No. 1907 (p. 580, 79-82) 1 with obverseof No. 1903, reverseof No. 1904 1912 Seven restruck:four over No. 1907, one over No. 1908. 1913 One restruck:over No. 1912. 1914 Nos. 1914-1916 are scyphate AE pieces. 1919 Four restruck:two over No. 1907, one over No. 1912.
1920 These two pieces have the Isaac obverse of No. 1919, commonly found in association with the bust of St. Michael, and on the reverse a representation of St. George carrying spear in r. hand and with the letters r I visible in the r. field. Their state of preservation is too bad for reproduction, and one cannot be certain whether they represent an unrecorded St. George type of Isaac or are simply mules combining an

Isaac obversewith a Manuelreverse.

1922 Scyphate bronze.

1925 Scyphatebronze. 1926 Scyphatebronze. 1928 The reverseof our coin, a scyphate bronzelike the reference,is recordedas having a bust of Christ. Either this is a variationor the type has been incorrectlyidentifiedfrom a worn specimen.
1929 All five coins of Theodore of Thessalonica are scyphate bronze. No. 1929 has an obverse corresponding to Sabatier, II, PI. LXVI, 2 - to which the nearest parallel is a silver issue in the BMC (PI. XXVI, 2). Our

piece, however,accordingto the recordhas a bust of Christor the Virginon the reverse,seeminglythe type of BMC, P1. XXVI, 3. 1932 Scyphatebronze. FRANKISH COINAGE

1933-1937 Schlumberger assigns Nos.1933-1935 to the period prior to 1250 A.D. before the openingof the mint at Clermontand believes that most of the coins were struck at Corinth.No. 1936 was issued after 1250 at Clermontand No. 1937 between 1255 and 1260 A.D. in Euboea.

118

THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS

1938 This type and the one followingare describedby Schlumberger (p. 314) as counterfeithybrids. 1953-956 Nos.19563f. are dated by Schlumberger to 1287-1291A.D., No.1955 to 1291-1294,and No.1956 to 1294-1308 A.D. One Agora specimenof the last type has the variant legends, GVI DVX ATENSand ThEBANICIVS,cited by Schlumberger, p. 340. 1957 The DE CLARENCIA latin, p. 340. type is classed as a counterfeithybrid in L'Orient 1959f. No. 1959 was struck at Lepanto; No. 1960 at Corfu. ITALIAN COINAGE 1981 One specimenprobablyrestruck. 1984 Onone coin the CastleTournois BASSI type with CAMPI appearsonboth obverseand reverse.Schlumnote cites a similar which has the name of Nicholason both sides and suggeststhat berger(p. 357, piece 4) such errorsin strikingmay be the work of minormints. VENETIAN COINAGE 2007 This coin is billon (confirmed). Since the type is knownonly in gold, the Agoraspecimenwould seem to be an imitation or a forgery. 019 ETALBANhas been restruck. One coin with DALMA

INDEX
RULERS Aemilian,Nos. 865-867 Alexius I, Nos. 1873-1876, 1878-1890 Alexius III, Nos. 1922f. Alexius III of Trebizond,No. 1932 AnastasiusI, Nos. 1740-1744and "Vandalic" No. 1709 AnastasiusII, No. 1831 AndronicusI, Nos. 1912f. AndronicusII, Nos. 1924f. AntoninusPius, Nos. 106-125 Arcadius,Nos. 1498-1561 Arcadiusor Honorius,Nos. 1562-1568 Athalaric,No. 1735 Augustus,Nos. 14-17 Aurelian,Nos. 576-629 Baduila, Nos. 1737-1739 Barbarigo,Agostino,No. 2005 Basil I, Nos. 1844-1848 Basil II, Nos. 1863f. BohemondI of Antioch, Nos. 1965f. ConstantineX, Nos. 1857f., 1869 ConstantiusII, Nos. 1029-1130 ConstantiusChlorus,Nos. 755-768 ConstantiusGallus,Nos. 1198-1215 Contarini, Andrea,No. 1999 Corner, Marco,No. 1998 Crispina,Nos. 193f. Crispus,Nos. 955-979 Dandolo, Andrea,Nos. 1993f. Dandolo,Francesco,No. 1991 Dandolo, Giovanni,No. 1990 Da Ponte, Nicolo, No. 2013 Delmatius,Nos. 1192-1195 Didius Julianus,No. 195 Diocletian,Nos. 727-741 Dolfin, Giovanni,Nos. 1995f. Domitian, Nos. 31-41 Elagabalus,Nos. 224-227 Eudocia, No. 1650 Eudoxia, Nos. 1570-1572 Eugenius, Nos. 1494-1497

Nos. 209-218 Caracalla, Carinus,Nos. 713-721 Fausta, No. 916 Carus,Nos. 709-712 Faustina I, Nos. 126-136 Celsi,Lorenzo,No. 1997 Faustina II, Nos. 152-169 CharlesI of Anjou, Nos. 1940, 1977 CharlesII of Anjou, Nos. 1941, 1978 Flaccilla, Nos. 1482-1487 Florent of Hainaut, No. 1942 Chios,Lordsof, No. 1971 Florian, Nos. 644-649 Cicogna,Pasquale,No. 2014 Claudius,No. 19 ClaudiusII, Nos. 562-574 Gabalas,Leo (King of Rhodes), No. 1972 Nos. 182-192 Galba,No. 21 Commodus, ConstansI, Nos. 1182-1191 Galeria,No. 771 ConstansII, Nos. 1818-1822 Galerius,Nos. 764-770 ConstantineI, Nos. 817-914 Gallienus,Nos. 389-516 I andfamily,Nos.923-954and pages49f. Gauthierof Brienne,No. 1958 Constantine Constantine Gelimer,No. 1681 II, Nos. 980-1028 Nos. 1823-1825 ConstantineIV, GeorgeI of Tenos, No. 1970 Nos. 1834f. Constantine Geta, Nos. 221-223 V, GordianIII, Nos. 275-310 1838 No. Constantine VI, Nos. 1851-1854 Constantine Bartolomeo,No. 1992 VII, Gradenigo, Nos. 1332-1370 Nos. 1863f. Constantine Gratian, VIII, No. 2015 No. 1867 Constantine Marino, Grimani, IX,

120
Gritti, Andrea,Nos. 2007f. Guy I de la Roche, Nos. 1948f. Guy II de la Roche, Nos. 1953-1957

INDEX

ManliaScantilla,No. 196 ManuelI, Nos. 1899-1910 Marcian,Nos. 1661-1667 and "Vandalic"No. 1706 MarcusAurelius,Nos. 137-151 Masuna(?), No. 1725 Nos. 67-103 Hadrian, MauriceTiberius,Nos. 1789-1793 Nos. 917-921 Helen, Maximian,Nos. 742-754 Nos. 1807-1817 Heraclius, MaximinusI, Nos. 261-272 HerenniaEtruscilla,Nos. 343-345 MaximinusII, Nos. 775-783 HerenniusEtruscus,Nos. 346f. Maximus No. 1680 (son of MaximinusI), No. 273 Hilderic, Maximus Nos. 1573-1621 and No. 1682 "Vandalic" (384-388 A.D.), Nos. 1488-1491 Honorius, MichaelII, No. 1841 Honoriusor Arcadius,Nos. 1562-1568 MichaelIII, No. 1843 Michael IV, No. 1866 Irene, Nos. 1838f. Michael Nos. 1860, 1871 VII, Isaac I, No. 1868 No. 2012 Alvise, Mocenigo, Isaac II, Nos. 1914-1920 No. 2004 Tomaso, Mocenigo, Isabelleof Villehardouin, No. 1943 Francesco,No. 2016 Morosini, Michele,No. 2001 Morosini, Johannes,No. 1652 John I, Nos. 1856, 1863 Nero, No. 20 John II, Nos. 1892-1897 Nerva, Nos. 42-44 John I of Brittany, No. 1976 NicephorusII, No. 1855 John II of Epirus, No. 1961 NicephorusIII, Nos. 1862, 1872 John II of GrandeVlaquie,No. 1969 NicephorusBryennius(?), No. 1861 John I of Nicaea, No. 1927 No. 1984 NicholasII of Campobasso, John of Gravina,No. 1947 Nos. 723-726 Numerian, John XXII, Pope at Avignon, No. 1980 Jovian, Nos. 1256-1263 Odovacar,No. 1731 Julia Domna, Nos. 205-208 Orderof St. John at Rhodes, No. 1973 Julia Maesa,No. 228 Otacilia Severa, Nos. 329-334 Julia Mamaea,Nos. 251-260 Otho, No. 22 Julian II, Nos. 1216-1255 Justin I, Nos. 1745-1749 Justin II, Nos. 1771-1781 Philip I, Nos. 311-328 Justinian I, Nos. 1750-1770 and "Vandalic" Nos. Philip of Savoy, No. 1944 1701, 1710, 1711(?), 1716, 1718 Philip of Tarentum,Nos. 1945, 1959f. Justinian II, Nos. 1826, 1828f. Philippicus,No. 1830 Phocas, Nos. 1794-1806 Leo I, Nos. 1668-1676 and "Vandalic"Nos. 1689, Pius IV, Pope at Rome, No. 1986 Placidia, No. 1651 1707 Leo III, Nos. 1832f. Plautilla, Nos. 219f. Leo IV, No. 1837 Postumus, No. 558 No. 2010 Priuli, Gerolamo, Leo V, No. 1840 Priuli, Lorenzo,No. 2009 Leo VI, Nos. 1849f. Probus, Nos. 650-708 Licinius I, Nos. 784-806 Licinius II, Nos. 807-816 Procopius,Nos. 1329-1331 Pupienus,No. 274 Loredan,Leonardo,No. 2006 Loredan,Pietro, No. 2011 Louis IX of France, No. 1974 Quietus,Nos. 555-557 Lucilla, Nos. 178-181 Quintillus,No. 575 Lucius Verus, Nos. 170-177 RaymondII of Tripolis,No. 1968 Robert of Provence,No. 1979 Macrian,Nos. 551-554 Magnentius,No. 1197 Roger II of Sicily, No. 1981 RomanusIII, No. 1865 MagniaUrbica, No. 722 Mahautof Hainaut, No. 1946 RomanusIV, Nos. 1859, 1870

INDEX
Sabina, Nos. 104f. of Tours,No. 1975 Saint-Martin Salonina,Nos. 517-547 Saloninus,No. 550 SeptimiusSeverus,Nos. 197-204 Severina,Nos. 630-636 SeverusII, Nos. 772-774 SeverusIII, No. 1677 SeverusAlexander,Nos. 229-250 Steno, Michele,No. 2003 Tacitus, Nos. 637-643 Tancredof Antioch, No. 1967 Tetricus,Nos. 560f. Theodahad,No. 1736 of Constantine Theodora(stepmother I), No. 922 TheodoreI of Nicaea, No. 1926 TheodoreII of Nicaea, No. 1928 Nos. 1929-1931 Theodoreof Thessalonica, Theodoric,Nos. 1732-1734 TheodosiusI, Nos. 1416-1480and "Vandalic" Nos. 1687, 1692 TheodosiusI or II, No. 1481 TheodosiusII, Nos. 1622-1649and "Vandalic" Nos. 1685, 1705, 1724 Theophilus,Nos. 1841f. ThomasII of Salona, No. 1963 ThomasIII of Salona, No. 1964 Tiberius,No. 18 TiberiusII, Nos. 1782-1788 TiberiusIII, No. 1827 Tiepolo, Jacopo, Nos. 1987f. Titus, No. 30 Trajan,Nos. 45-66 TrajanDecius, Nos. 335-342 TrebonianusGallus,Nos. 348-359

121

Valens, Nos. 1297-1328 ValentinianI, Nos. 1264-1295 ValentinianI-III, page 64 ValentinianII, Nos. 1371-1415 Valentinian III, Nos. 1653-1660 and "Vandalic" Nos. 1683, 1688, 1693, 1699, 1726(?) ValerianI, Nos. 368-388 ValerianII, Nos. 548f. Valier, Silvestro, No. 2017 Venier,Antonio, No. 2002 Vespasian,Nos. 23-29 Vetranio,No. 1196 Victor, Nos. 1492f. Victorinus,No. 559 Volusian,Nos. 360-364 WilliamI de la Roche, Nos. 1950-1952 WilliamI of Sicily, No. 1982 WilliamII of Sicily, No. 1983 Nos. 1933-1939 Williamof Villehardouin, Zeno, Nos. 1678f. and "Vandalic"No. 1708 Zeno,Ranieri,No. 1989

imitations:Nos, 915 (Constantine Barbarous I); 1569 (Arcadius I); 1131 (ConstantiusII); 1296 (Valentinian or Honorius); 1836 (ConstantineV); 1877 (AnonymousByzantine); 1891 (Alexius I); 1898 (John II);
1911 (Manuel I); 1921 (Isaac II); 1962 (John II of Epirus); 1985 (Nicholas II of Campobasso); 2000

(AndreaContarini)

MINTS the Byzantine Period) (Through

ALEXANDRIA,

Nos. 740, 767, 773f., 803, 892-895, 950, 1019, 1115-1119, 1177-1179, 1211, 1250f., 1291f., 1324f., 1363, 1406-1409, 1464-1466, 1544

to 1547, 1567, 1603-1606,1814, and page 50

ANTIOCH, NOS. 249, 305-308, 325-327, 358f., 364,

to 1424, 1488, 1492, 1495, 1501f., 1577, and pages 49, 64 ARLES, Nos. 785f., 808, 831-833,937,958-960,1137f., 1300, 1388, 1490

379-384, 460-501, 537-542, 549, 570-572, 619, 636, CARTHAGE, NOS. 764, 1762f., 1806, 1815 NO. 559 701f., 726, 739, 752f., 781, 802, 814f., 884-891, 933, COLOGNE, Nos. 859-864, 919, 922, 928f., 943 949, 1016-1018,1108-1114,1174-1176,1247-1249, CONSTANTINOPLE, to 945, 954, 1003-1006, 1071-1081, 1152-1162, 1261, 1288-1290, 1322f., 1361f., 1403-1405, 1461 1192,1204-1206,1232-1236,1259,1278-1282,1311 to 1463, 1486, 1538-1543, 1564-1566, 1600-1602, to 1315, 1329f., 1350-1352,1390-1395,1443-1450, 1640f., 1666,1743,1760f., 1778,1787f., 1793,1805, and pages 50, 64 1482, 1517-1524, 1562, 1570, 1582-1587, 1625 to 1632,1664,1668-1671,1740-1742,1745-1747,1750 AQUILEIA, Nos. 755, 820-822, 956, 981, 1036-1039, to 1753, 1771f., 1782-1784, 1789f., 1794-1796, 1135f., 1218, 1266f., 1334-1337, 1374-1376, 1420

122

INDEX to 375, 389-430, 517-531, 548, 562-566, 575-582, 630-632, 644, 650-658, 709f., 713-717, 722f., 727 to 732, 742f., 784, 817-819, 923, 955, 980, 1029 to 1035, 1132-1134, 1198, 1216f., 1264f., 1297f., 1332f., 1371-1373, 1416-1419, 1494, 1498-1500, 1573-1576,1652-1654,1765, 1779,and pages49, 64
SERDICA,Nos. 603-608, 641f., 647f., 693-695 SICILY, Nos. 1764, 1820, 1825f. SIRMIUM,Nos. 1045-1047, 1200, 1223f., and page 49 SISCIA, Nos. 446-456, 533-536, 567, 590-602, 634,

1807f., 1818f., 1823f., 1827-1882, 1834f., 1837to 1860, 1862-1876, 1878-1890, 1892-1897, 1899 to 1910, 1912-1920,1922-1925,and pages 50, 64 CYzicus, Nos. 609-618, 635, 643, 649, 696-700, 725, 738, 750f., 759-762, 766, 779f., 799-801,812f., 874 to 883, 916, 920, 932, 948, 971, 1012-1015,1095 to 1107, 1166-1173, 1209f., 1242-1246, 1260, 1285 to 1287,1319-1321,1331,1357-1360,1400-1402,1454 to 1460, 1530-1537, 1571, 1594-1599, 1637-1639, 1656f., 1758f., 1776f., 1802-1804, 1813, and pages 50, 64
Nos. 9-12 EPHESUS,
HERACLEA,

Nos. 735-737, 748f., 758, 765, 772, 792 to

795, 810, 852-858, 918, 927, 940-942, 968f., 998 to 1002, 1061-1070, 1150f., 1203, 1229-1231, 1257f., 1277, 1309f., 1348f., 1388f., 1440-1442, 1483f., 1513-1516,1579-1581,1624,1663, and pages49,64
ITALY, Nos. 1, 3 LONDON, No.
LYONS,

SPAIN, No. 4

639f., 675-692, 719f., 724, 745f., 787f., 809, 834 to 840, 917, 925, 961-963, 984-990, 1040-1044, 1139 to 1141, 1199, 1221f., 1268-1271,1301-1304, 1339 to 1342, 1377-1379,1425-1430,1503f., and page49

827

Nos. 16, 18, 445, 558, 671-674, 828-830, 983,

1219f., 1489
MILAN,Nos. 355-357, 376-378, 431-444, 532, 583 to

734, 747, 757, 771, 775-777, 789-791, 841-851, 926, 938f., 964-967, 991-997, 1048-1060, 1142-1149, 1196, 1201f., 1225-1228, 1256, 1272-1276, 1305-1308, 1343-1347, 1380 to 1387, 1431-1439, 1505-1512, 1578, 1622f., 1655, 1662, 1678, 1754, 1773, 1785, 1791, 1797-1799, 1809-1811, 1929-1931, and pages 49, 64 TICINUM,Nos. 588f., 633, 637f., 645f., 659-670, 711f., 718, 733, 744, 756, 807, 823-825
TREBIZOND,No. 1932. TREVES, Nos. 826, 924, 957, 982, 1197, 1299 UNCERTAINASIA MINT, Nos. 385-388, 502-508, 543

No. 29 TARRACO, Nos. THESSALONICA,

587
Nos. 1926-1928 NICAEA,
NICOMEDIA, Nos.

778, 796-798, 811, 865-873, 930f., 946f., 970, 1007-1011,1082-1094,1163-1165,1193, 1207f., 1237-1241, 1283f., 1316-1318, 1353-1356, 1396-1399,1451-1453,1485,1525-1529,1563,1588 to 1593, 1633-1636,1665, 1748, 1755-1757,1774f., 1786, 1792, 1800f., 1812, and pages 50, 64 1661, 1766f., 1816

to 545, 550-557
UNCERTAIN ASIA MINORMINT, Nos. 457-459, 568f. UNCERTAIN EASTERNMINTS, Nos. 17, 66 UNCERTAINGALLICMINT, No. 560 UNCERTAINPROVINCIAL MINT, No. 1833

UNCERTAIN MINTS(indefinite location), Nos. 13, 546,

573f., 620-622, 1680-1739,1749, 1770, 1861

RAVENNA, Nos.

UNCERTAIN MINTS (irregular issues or forgeries),

ROME,Nos. If., 5-8, 14f., 19f., 21-28, 30, 31-41, 42

to 65, 67-103, 104-135, 137-217, 219-248, 251-308, 311-324, 329-333, 335-842, 348-354, 360-363, 365

Nos. 51, 136, 218, 250, 306, 309f., 328, 334, 516, 561, 915, 1131, 1296, 1569, 1836, 1877, 1891, 1898, 1911, 1921

PLATES

PLATE 1

131

36
136

172

250

325

432

457

501

516

PLATE 2

648 573 614

764 . E*nB^IHL .. ^BfflwBil^.

1137

1238

607'"0

1334 6

653

^B

*,-*

*?*

1687

*?*
'1709 1712

1711

PLATE 3

1767b

1810 1819a

1829b

1836

1877 1861

PLATE 4

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