1

A Key tn the Exercises in A.K. Warder's 'Intrnductinn tn PaIi.'

A. K. Wardor's 'Inlroduclion lo IaIi' is praclicaIIy indisponsabIo lo anyono vlo is sorious aboul Ioarning IaIi. Yol,
Wardor's book can bo difficuIl lo como lo grips vill, parlicuIarIy for anyono vlo is nol a sludonl of Ianguago. Tlo
prosonl vork is an allompl lo roduco llal difficuIly by providing a IiloraI lransIalion of Wardor's oxorcisos as voII
as a Iargo numbor of nolos lo loIp oxpIain llo grammar of llo IaIi loxl. Il aIso rofors llo sludonl back lo roIovanl
soclions in Wardor's book and ollor vorks on IaIi grammar. (AIllougl lloy may bo loIpfuI, il is nol nocossary lo
oblain lloso ollor vorks, vill llo possibIo oxcoplion of a IaIi diclionary.)

Il migll bo llougll llal lloro aro aIroady onougl lransIalions avaiIabIo of llo maloriaI llal makos up Wardor's
oxorcisos. Tlo probIom is llal llo avaiIabIo lransIalions lond lo bo vory froo and lloroforo cIoso lo usoIoss as aids for
llo sludonl vlo noods lo undorsland dolaiIs of grammar and ollor fino poinls of IaIi idiom and slrucluro.

To loIp undorsland llo prosonl lransIalion llo roador slouId koop llo foIIoving poinls in mind:

I normaIIy slick lo Wardor's vocabuIary lransIalions. Hovovor, lloro aro a fov inslancos vloro il soomod
Wardor's cloico of lransIalion couId bo significanlIy improvod upon.
Tlo lransIalion is nol consislonl llrougloul. A parlicuIar oxprossion can usuaIIy bo lransIalod in many
vays and occasionaIIy il soomod usofuI lo uso difforonl lransIalions in difforonl conloxls. Al ollor limos, a
parlicuIar oxprossion may bo lransIalod vory IiloraIIy llo firsl limo il is mol vill, bul llon moro in
accordanco vill LngIisl idiom on Ialor occasions.
GrammalicaI nolos aro oflon ropoalod. Somo usors may find lloro aro loo many ropolilions, bul I lavo
vorkod on llo principIo llal loo mucl ropolilion is bollor llan loo IillIo.
I lavo somolimos nol lransIalod slorl indocIinabIos sucl as: ||c, ctc, su!cm, t, cc, |irc, olc. Tloy aro nol
grammalicaIIy imporlanl.
In llo Iongor oxorcisos I lavo incIudod roforoncos diroclIy lo llo pago numbors in A.K. Wardor's book for
oaso of uso. Tloso aro llo boId numbors in squaro brackols.
Roforoncos lo llo IaIi Canon aro as foIIovs: (D I 25,1O) moans llo Dgla Nikya (ITS od.), voIumo 1, pago 25,
Iino 1O.

I lavo usod abbrovialions and roforrod lo ollor sourcos as foIIovs:

ILD: Tlo IaIi Toxl Socioly's (ITS) IaIi LngIisl Diclionary by Rlys Davids & Slodo.
DI: Tlo IaIi Toxl Socioly's Diclionary of IaIi by Margarol Cono.
CDB: Connoclod Discoursos of llo Buddla, Von. Blikklu Bodli's lransIalion of llo Samyulla Nikya.
MIDB: MiddIo Iongll Discoursos of llo Buddla, Von. NnamoIi's and Von. Blikklu Bodli's lransIalion of
llo Majjlima Nikya.
NCRI: Nov Courso in Roading IaIi, by }amos W. Gair & W.S. KarunaliIIako, a roconl inlroduclion lo IaIi
grammar vill oxlonsivo roading oxorcisos. Il makos somo basic bul imporlanl poinls llal aro nol found in
A.K. Wardor's book.
SCIN: Synlax of llo Casos in llo IaIi Nikayas, by O. H. do A. Wijosokora. Tlis vork is a llorougl
invosligalion of llo uso of llo various casos, moslIy from llo four main nikyas.
Com.: Buddlaglosa's ancionl commonlary as pubIislod by llo ITS.

I visl lo llank aII lloso vlo lavo assislod mo in producing llis vork, in parlicuIar Von. Ajaln Bralm vlo vas my
firsl and onIy IaIi loaclor and Von. Nyanalusila vlo las road llrougl llo onliro lransIalion and suggoslod many
improvomonls. SlouId anyono using llis maloriaI visl lo provido foodback in lorms of corroclions or suggoslions
for improvomonls, llis viII aIvays bo rocoivod vill graliludo.

BralmIi Blikklu

Iorll, AuslraIia
May 2OO3

Rovisod and oxpandod, Docombor 2OO5

2
Exercise 7

TransIate intn EngIish

Wo lavo boon croalod
1
by lim. (D I 18,16)
Wo lavo boon croalod by Bralm.
2
(D I 18,16)
nanda, llo Dlamma las boon laugll by mo. (D II 1OO,2)
You, man,
3
mako a Iiving
4
vill llis monoy
5
! (D III 66,2-3)
Tlo Tallgala las boon frood. (D I 29,31)
And askod
6
llus by mo, lloy said
7
'yos'. (Cf. D III 28,16 & D I 194,1)
Tlis soal las boon proparod. (D III 39,22-23)
Tloso poopIo aro onloring
8
a louso. (D I 83,7-8)
You aro
9
rofulod
1O
! (D III 117,13-14)
I'm lirod
11
. (D II 128,18)
Givo
12
aIms! (D II 357,15)

TransIate intn PaIi
13


Su||cm pciiscmtc!cnii. (Cf. D I 75,7-8)
Mcq !|cmmc pcciic. (D II 154,6)
Pcri||jc|c scniuii|c |cii. (Cf. D I 71,3)
Mcrcncm !u|||cm. (D II 3O5,3)
Suicm (||c pcnc) mc icm.
14
(D I 128,29)

A|cm
15
(||c) |cmmcm c|sim. (D III 257,1-2)

Dncm !cii. (D III 258,1O)
Kqc |i|cnic. (D III 255,16)

Exercise 8

TransIate intn EngIish

Al llal limo,
16
I vas
17
King Malsudassana
1
. (D II 196,11-12)

1
Nimmii. Nolo llo nominalivo pIuraI onding lo agroo vill mcqcm. Tlo vorb 'lo bo' las boon addod lo givo llo passivo sonso of llo pasl
parlicipIo, llus 'been croalod'. Tlo IaIi pasl parlicipIo normaIIy indicalos llo prosonl porfocl (soo Wardor p.4O), llus 'lavo boon croalod' rallor
llan jusl 'aro croalod'. Tlo oxacl moaning of llo pasl parlicipIo viII dopond on llo conloxl.
2
Nolo llo clango in vord ordor from llo provious oxampIo. Word ordor doos nol usuaIIy lavo any grammalicaI significanco in IaIi, soo
Wardor p.15.
3
Purisc, vocalivo.
4
jt|i, 'mako a Iiving', imporalivo socond porson singuIar, soo Wardor pp.34-35.
5
Nolo llal aIllougl imin and !|cncnc aro soparalod, lloy sliII roIalo lo oacl ollor on accounl of boing in llo samo caso.
6
Puii| loro agroos vill ic, boll boing nominalivo pIuraI, Iil. 'lloy lavo boon askod'. Bocauso llo pasl parlicipIo agroos vill llo noun il roIalos
lo, Iiko an adjoclivo, and bocauso il oflon acls Iiko an adjoclivo (soo Wardor p.41), ono couId aIso lransIalo 'lloy vlo lavo boon askod ... '.
7
Vc!cnii is loro llo lisloricaI prosonl lonso, soo Wardor p.12.
8
Tlo IaIi prosonl lonso, loro pctiscnii, can bo lransIalod as an ordinary prosonl lonso, i.o. 'lloy onlor', or as a conlinuous aclion prosonl lonso,
i.o. 'lloy aro onloring'. Tlo conloxl viII docido vlicl is moro approprialo.
9
In llis caso 'aro rofulod' and 'lavo boon rofulod' lavo llo samo moaning, boll laving llo prosonl porfocl sonso. Comparo llis vill llo firsl
sonlonco of llis oxorciso vloro onIy 'lavo boon croalod' (nol 'aro croalod') las llo sonso of prosonl porfocl.
1O
Tlo agonl loro is 'you', impIiod by llo vorb csi. Niggc|ic agroos vill llis 'you', llus llo nominalivo singuIar onding. (Tlo facl llal llo
onding is mascuIino may bo bocauso llo porson spokon lo is a man. Tlo normaI 'dofauIl' gondor, i.o. if no gondor is providod by llo conloxl, is
noulor.)
11
Horo llo sonso of llo IaIi doos nol soom lo bo prosonl porfocl and lloroforo I lransIalo 'I'm lirod', vlicl rofors lo an 'oxisling slalo'.
AIlornalivoIy, if ono llinks llo prosonl porfocl sonso is proforabIo, ono couId lransIalo 'I lavo bocomo lirod'.
12
Dci|c, imporalivo socond porson pIuraI. Wlollor il is imporalivo or prosonl lonso musl bo docidod by llo conloxl.
13
Nolo llal llo IaIi boIov - and aIso in subsoquonl oxorcisos - oflon consisls of vords oxlraclod from a sonlonco in a sulla, llo vords roguIarIy
boing in a difforonl soquonco from llo originaI. In IaIi llo ordor of llo vords is raroIy of grammalicaI imporlanco, and lloroforo ono nood nol
bo loo concornod aboul golling il 'rigll'.
14
Mc is loro llo oncIilic form of mcq, 'by mo'. An aIlornalivo rondoring vouId bo llo voII knov plraso ctcm mc suicm. In llo originaI IaIi loxl
||c pcnc, 'bul', is insorlod lo indicalo conlinualion from llo provious loxl.
15
A|cm is oplionaI, soo Wardor p.13.
16
Ior llis uso of llo inslrumonlaI soo Wardor p.45. Tlis is a common oxprossion.
17
A|csim, firsl porson singuIar aorisl of |cii, soo Wardor p.26.
3
Tloro is no moril (lo bo gainod) vill a gifl.
2
(D I 53,1)
I, laving approaclod llom, said
3
llus
4
. (D III 28,13-14)
Ho, laving bovod lo mo, Iofl.
5
(Cf. D I 222,18 and D I 85,33)
Wo, laving soon,
6
said
7
llis
8
. (D III 39,33 - 4O,1)
Il's vondorfuI, lonourabIo (||c) boing,
9
(llal) you Iivo!
1O
(D III 73,18)
Winning,
11
lo gonoralos lalrod.
12
(D III 183,17)
Tlo bralmin lakos counciI vill Bralm. (D II 237,4-5)
''Yos,
13
Sir.''
14
(D I 236,2O)
WoII suroIy, Sir, vo aro going
15
! (D III 16,18)
Dying,
16
lo said: ... (D III 181,3)
Boing a King,
17
lo oblains llis.
18
(D III 146,24-25)
Ho modilalos jlna
19
. (D II 238,11)
Wo go for rofugo lo llo BIossod Ono
2O
, and lo llo Toacling. (D II 43,27-28)
I givo Iifo
21
. (D I 148,3)

TransIate intn PaIi

1c
22
imin !trcnc pctiscnii. (D II 83,16)
Rj 8|cgctcnicm c||it!cit nis!i. (D I 5O,33 - 51,1)
Upcscn|cmiit 8|cgctcnicm c||it!cit nis!imsu. (D II 84,16-17)
1c c|cm
23
upcscn|cmiit imc pc|c pucc|mi. (D II 284,11-12)
A|cm nitscit pciicm !qc
24
gmcm ptisim. (Cf. D III 6,5-8)
M ||ctcnic ctcm ctccuii|c. (D I 122,26)
8|ctcm jciip|c
25
pc||cji. (D II 249,19-21)
Gccc|cm (or gccc|cnic) pcsscii. (Cf. D III 126,18 & D III 257,13)
N'c|cm (or jusl nc) |rc|mun mcnicmi. (D II 237,1O-12)
Agrcm (or gc|cm) ptisi. (Cf. D II 85,3-4)

1
Nolo llal propor namos aIso lako caso ondings, Iiko any ollor nouns.
2
Or 'by giving', soo ILD. Tlis vas ono of llo (vrong) viovs of Irana Kassapa, ono of llo six non-Buddlisl roIigious Ioadors famous al llo
limo of llo Buddla.
3
Again, nolo llo lisloricaI prosonl lonso, loro tc!mi. Wlollor a prosonl lonso vorb in a givon inslanco is oxprossing llo prosonl or llo pasl - or
ovon llo fuluro, soo Wardor pp.12-13 - musl bo docidod by llo conloxl.
4
Nolo llal c|cm is loro llo agonl of boll vorbs (soo Wardor p.48). Irom llo sulla conloxl il is aIso cIoar llo ic is llo palionl of boll vorbs:
'laving approaclod them, I said lo them ...'
5
Again nolo llal llo agonl of llo gorund and llo main vorb is llo samo. A||it!cii moans formaIIy paying rospocl lo somoono, il is moro llan
doing cjc|i. Pc||mi is llird porson singuIar aorisl.
6
Dist loro rofors back lo somolling proviousIy soon, monlionod jusl boforo.
7
Aorisl, soo Wardor p.32.
8
|tcm. Tlo gonoraI moaning of ctcm is 'llus', bul loro il rofors lo somolling jusl aboul lo bo said and lloroforo is bosl lransIalod as 'llis', soo
DI.
9
8|c sciic, vocalivo.
1O
Tlo conloxl is llo docIino of aII moraIily unliI lloro is a 'svord poriod' vlon mosl poopIo aro kiIIod. Tlo fov 'boings' romaining, nol ovon
caIIod 'poopIo', viII llon mool oacl ollor and givo llo abovo grooling.
11
jcqcm is llo nominalivo (nol accusalivo) singuIar of llo prosonl parlicipIo of jcqcii, soo Wardor p.46. Il funclions as an adjoclivo quaIifying 'lo'
('lo' is nol oxpIicilIy slalod bul impIiod by llo vorb), vlicl il agroos vill grammalicaIIy. Tlo conloxl is gambIing.
12
Or 'lo vlo is vinning gonoralos lalrod', sinco llo prosonl parlicipIo funclions grammalicaIIy as an adjoclivo.
13
|tcm. Soo Wardor's vocabuIary al llo ond of llo book.
14
Tlis is llo usuaI vay lo oxpross consonl. Tlo quolalion marks aro llo oquivaIonl of llo ii in llo IaIi.
15
Gccc|mc. Tlo LngIisl idiom roquiros 'vo aro going' rallor llan 'vo go'. Gccc|mc couId aIso bo rogardod as imporalivo, 'vo musl go', soo
Wardor pp.34-35.
16
I.o. 'vlon lo vas dying lo said ...'. Kcrcnic is llo prosonl parlicipIo (nominalivo singuIar) of |crcii, agrooing vill 'lo', llo impIiod agonl of
ctccc. Ono couId lransIalo: 'lo vlo vas dying said: ...'. K|cm |crcii, Iil. 'doos limo', is an idiomalic oxprossion for dying. Tlo conloxl is SigIa's
fallor's Iasl vords in llo oponing passagos of llo SigIovda-sulla.
17
Scmnc, 'boing', is llo prosonl parlicipIo nominalivo singuIar of cii|i, agrooing vill rj. Nolo llal llo vorbs moaning 'lo bo' (|cii, cii|i, ||ctcii)
do nol lako palionls, rallor lloy 'Iink' vords of llo samo caso, cf. NCRI II 5. Tlus vo couId lransIalo 'lo vlo is boing a king oblains llis', vill
boll 'lo' and 'king' in llo nominalivo, connoclod by scmnc (vlicl is a form of 'lo bo').
18
Roforring lo a Iisl royaI bonofils jusl monlionod.
19
j|nc is a doop slalo of modilalion nol roaIIy lransIalabIo.
2O
Gccc|mc can loro bo undorslood as laking lvo objocls, scrcncm and 8|cgctcnicm, soo Wardor p.18. Tlis vas said by llo firsl discipIos of llo
Buddla Vipass, so lloro vas no sangla yol lo lako rofugo in.
21
In conloxl, il moans 'I granl (llom) (lloir) Iifo'.
22
1c is oplionaI.
23
Tlo ITS loxl acluaIIy las llo junclion form iq|cm for ic c|cm, soo Wardor p.215.
24
Nolo llal !qc, Iil. 'laving lakon', is rondorod by Wardor as 'laking'. A|cm is oplionaI.
25
Tlo loxl acluaIIy las ||c Mc| Gctin!c ... pc||cji. Boll ||c and ||ctcm can bo usod for llo nominalivo singuIar.
4
Pncm !cii. (D III 258,18)
A|cm
1
||cjcncm (or cnncm) nc |c||mi. (Cf. D III 255,3O - 256,1)
Vcii|cm pcsscii. (D II 11O,27-29)
Sc scnscncnc scniuii|c |cii. (D III 225,12)
Scii (or ||i) !u|||cm pciiscmtc!cnii. (D I 53,31-33)
Upsc| qcnc i|ncm (or pc!csc
2
) icn'upcscn|cmcnii. (or upsc|
pc!cscm/i|ncm gccc|cnii.). (D II 84,16 & D II 87,2 & D II 198,29)

Exercise 9

TransIate intn EngIish

Tlo bodios
3
aro diminislod
4
. (D II 221,13)
Tlis, bralmin,
5
is llal visdom.
6
(D I 124,33-34)
Tlis craving
7
is givon up
8
. (D II 31O,1O-11)
Iood is givon
9
. (D II 354,16)
Is il lruo, Nigrodla, (llal) llis spoocl las boon spokon
1O
by you
11
` (D III 53,28)
Il is lruo, VonorabIo Sir, (llal) llis spoocl las boon spokon by mo. (D III 54,1)
Tlis
12
is caIIod 'mind' or
13
'consciousnoss'
14
. (D I 21,21-22)
Tloso doilios
15
said llis lo mo
16
. (D II 51,24)
Tloro is,
17
Sir, an arl
18
caIIod
19
'Manik'
2O
. (D I 214,7)
Iorcoplion and fooIing lavo sloppod
21
. (D III 266,16-17)
VonorabIo Sir, llo fomaIo Iay discipIo namod Sujl las diod
22
. (D II 92,2-3)
Sunakklalla, ovon (pi) (vlon) boing spokon lo
23
llus by mo, Iofl.
24
(D III 6,1-2)
Tlo ascolic Golama comos lo llis assombIy. (Cf. D I 179,8 and D III 38,17-18)

1
A|cm is oplionaI.
2
Nolo lov boll i|nc and pc!csc aro in llo nominalivo (i|ncm/pc!csc) vlon usod vill qcnc (soo Wardor p.14), bul in llo accusalivo
(i|ncm/pc!cscm) vlon nol.
3
Tlo fuII plraso is csurc-|q |qcnii. Tlo moaning boing llal llo numbor of Asuras is docroasing.
4
Hqcnii is passivo.
5
8r|mcnc, vocalivo.
6
Tlis is an oxampIo of an oqualionaI sonlonco, soo NCRI II 5. Tloso sonloncos (or plrasos or cIausos) lavo llo slrucluro 'A is B', vloro A and B
aro in llo samo caso. In llo prosonl oxampIo cqcm, s, and pc aro aII nominalivos. In llo IaIi llo vorb 'lo bo' is oflon Iofl oul in lloso
conslruclions (soo Wardor p.14), as in llo prosonl oxampIo.
7
|s agroos vill icn|, boll boing fominino nominalivo singuIar. |s is llus a domonslralivo pronoun (soo Wardor p.3O) quaIifying icn|: 'llis
craving'.
8
Pc|qcii is passivo.
9
Dqcii, passivo.
1O
8|sii is a pasl parlicipIo and llo sonlonco is passivo (as is usuaIIy llo caso vill pasl parlicipIos). In lloso casos llo agonl is in llo
inslrumonlaI (loro ic), llo palionl in llo nominalivo caso (loro tc), and llo pasl parlicipIo agroos vill llo palionl Iiko an adjoclivo. Tlus
||sii agroos vill tc (fominino nominalivo singuIar). |s is a domonslralivo pronoun quaIifying and agrooing vill tc.
11
1c, inslrumonlaI agonl of llo pasl parlicipIo (passivo conslruclion), soo Wardor pp.41-42.
12
|!cm is llo palionl of llo passivo vorb tucccii and llus appoars in llo nominalivo caso.
13
Nolo lov t, 'or', is ropoalod for oacl vord il connocls. Tlis is a lypicaI foaluro of IaIi.
14
Ciiicn and tincn aro nominalivos, vlicl is llo normaI caso for quolod vords, soo Wardor p.14. Tlo finaI m is clangod lo n bocauso of llo
foIIoving ii, soo Wardor p.217.
15
Dctci is nominalivo fominino, oillor pIuraI or singuIar. Bul bocauso !ctci is nominalivo and llus llo agonl of llo vorb ctccum (aorisl llird
porson pIuraI), il musl bo pIuraI. 1 is llo fominino nominalivo pIuraI domonslralivo pronoun, quaIifying and agrooing vill !ctci.
16
Atccum loro lakos lvo palionls in llo accusalivo, i.o. said somolling (cic!, 'llis') lo somoono (mcm, 'mo'), soo Wardor p.18.
17
Aii|i al llo boginning of a sonlonco oflon omplasizos llo oxislonco of somolling, soo Wardor p.31.
18
Vijj, Iil. 'knovIodgo'.
19
Nmc, Iil. 'by namo', is an indocIinabIo nol a vorb. Bul I lransIalo vill a vorb lo improvo llo roadabiIily.
2O
Vijj and mcni| aro fominino nominalivo singuIars. Tloro can bo no palionl in a sonlonco vloro llo onIy vorb is cii|i, 'lo bo'.
21
Iil. 'aro sloppod'. Tlo conslruclion is passivo, and llo pasl parlicipIo niru!!| is pIuraI lo agroo vill llo sum of llo lvo palionls (sc and
tc!cn), soo Wardor p.26. Tlo auxiIiary vorb |cnii is lloroforo aIso pIuraI, soo Wardor p.54 nolo 2.
22
K|c|ci, 'diod', is a pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill upsi|, 'fomaIo Iay discipIo'. Nolo llal loro llo pasl parlicipIo is aclivo (||c|ci is
inlransilivo, i.o. il doos nol lako a dirocl palionl) and llal il lloroforo agroos vill llo agonl, Sujic ... upsi|, rallor llan llo palionl. Soo Wardor
p.4O.
23
Vucccmnc, prosonl parlicipIo of llo passivo vorb tucccii. Boing passivo il agroos vill ils palionl Sunakklallo. Wlon conslrucling a passivo
prosonl parlicipIo in LngIisl, firsl mako llo vorb passivo, i.o. 'spoak' bocomos 'is spokon', and llon lurn il inlo a prosonl parlicipIo, 'boing
spokon'. Nolo llal for a passivo conslruclion llo '-ing' onding of llo prosonl parlicipIo goos vill 'lo bo' rallor llan llo main vorb.
24
Nolo llal cpc||cmi is llo aorisl of cpc||cmcii, nol pc||cmcii. (in any caso, lloy aro cIoso in moaning.) Sunakklalla is llo objocl of tucccmnc
bul llo subjocl of cpc||cmi.
5

TransIate intn PaIi

|mc (or cic) !|cmm pc|qcnii. (Cf. D I 195,32)
Aj |ccnii. (D II 352,27)
8r|mcnc !isscii. (Cf. D III 81,28-29)
Atijj pc|qcii. (D II 215,26)
Aqcm (or sc) tucccii scmcnc.
1
(D I 167,23)
|!cm tucccii !u|||cm. (D II 3O7,21)
M|cm !qc qcnc s| icnc upcscn|cmimsu. (Cf. D II 265,9)

Exercise 10

TransIate intn EngIish

Tlo oxlinclion of llo Tallgala
2
viII bo soon
3
. (D II 114,29-3O)
Viclory viII bo lis
4
.
5
(D I 1O,5)
Bralmins aro llo sons of Bralm.
6
(D III 81,13)
Tloy viII mako an ond of sufforing
7
. (D I 54,21)
Your
8
argumonl las boon disprovod
9
. (D I 8,15)
Tlis is llo moaning
1O
of llis saying
11
. (D I 137,28)
Do nol sland
12
in fronl of mo
13
. (D II 139,4)
Ho,
14
llrougl a quoslion lo mo,
15
I viII mako cIoar vill an oxpIanalion.
16
(D I 1O5,19-2O)
Nov, al llal limo, nanda vas slanding
17
bolind llo BIossod Ono
18
, fanning
19
llo BIossod Ono. (D II 73,22-23)
Hovovor, vliIo I am doing llo vork,
2O
(my) body viII bocomo lirod.
1
(D III 255,9-1O)

1
Nolo llal tucccii is a passivo vorb and lloroforo llal il lakos palionls in llo nominalivo. Tlus boll 'cqcm' and 'scmcnc' aro palionls, and tucccii
musl bo a vorb llal can lako lvo palionls, soo Wardor p.18.
2
Or 'llo Tallgala's oxlinclion ...'. Tlo gonilivo usuaIIy roIalos lo llo vord immodialoIy foIIoving il (soo Wardor p.56), loro pcrini||nc.
3
Nc circm, Iil. 'nol Iong'.
4
|mcssc, llo gonilivo of llo i!cm pronoun, soo Wardor p.3O. Tloso pronouns aro usuaIIy domonslralivo (i.o. 'llis') bul somolimos porsonaI (i.o.
'lo' or 'slo'), as in llis caso.
5
Or 'lo viII lavo viclory'. Bocauso llo gonilivo usuaIIy roIalos lo possossion, il can oflon bo lransIalod vill 'lavo'.
6
Tlo sonlonco las no vorb and llus llo vorb 'lo bo', |cii, is undorslood. Again, sonloncos sucl as llis ono, vill no vorb or jusl llo vorb 'lo bo',
aro 'oqualionaI' (soo NCRI II 5), i.o. 'A=B' or 'A is B'. Tlo 'oqualion' is bolvoon vords in llo samo caso, usuaIIy nominalivo (unIoss llo
oqualionaI sonlonco forms a cIauso villin a Iongor sonlonco). In llis caso vo lavo 'bralmins=sons' or 'bralmins aro sons'. Tlo gonilivo roIalos
lo llo vord immodialoIy foIIoving il, i.o. 'sons', llus 'sons of Bralm'.
7
Du|||css'cnicm = !u|||cssc + cnicm. Tlo Iasl c of !u|||cssc las boon oIidod duo lo llo foIIoving c of cnicm, soo Wardor p.214.
8
1c is loro llo gonilivo singuIar 'of you', soo Wardor p.56. Tlis can onIy bo knovn from llo conloxl, villoul vlicl llis couId aIso bo road as:
'Tlo argumonl las boon disprovod by you.'
9
rcpiic is a pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill ils palionl t!c. Tlo sonlonco is passivo.
1O
Anollor oqualionaI sonlonco vloro llo vorb 'lo bo' is missing. Horo llo oqualion is bolvoon cqcm and cii|c, 'llis=moaning' or 'llis is llo
moaning'.
11
Tvo vords in llo gonilivo: imcssc, a pronoun, and ||siicssc, a pasl parlicipIo usod as a noun. In casos sucl as llis, vloro a pronoun agroos
vill a noun (in caso, numbor, and gondor), il is vory IikoIy llal llo pronoun quaIifios llo noun, i.o. '(of) llis saying'. Wloroas in llo IaIi oacl
vord las llo gonilivo markor '-ssc', in LngIisl llo proposilion 'of', marking llo gonilivo, onIy occurs onco.
12
Aii|si is aorisl, vlicl is llo usuaI lonso vill m, soo Wardor p.31.
13
Mc, gonilivo. Purcic, 'in fronl of', lakos llo gonilivo, soo Wardor p.58.
14
Rofors lo somoono jusl monlionod, soo foolnolo boIov.
15
Mcm pc|cnc. Pc|cnc slouId porlaps bo rogardod as an aclion noun vlicl lakos llo objocl mcm, 'by quoslioning mo', soo Wardor p.138.
16
I.o. 'if you ask mo a quoslion aboul llal, I viII cIarify il for you'. Il is difficuIl lo mako good grammalicaI sonso of llis sonlonco, in parl
bocauso il is onIy llo Iallor laIf of a Iongor sonlonco. Tlo fuII sonlonco roads: 'qcssc ||c pcnc Am|cii|c mcqi |cn|| t timcii t, sc mcm pc|cnc,
c|cm tcqq|crcncnc sc||issm-ii'. Tlo firsl parl, boforo sc, is a roIalivo cIauso (soo Wardor pp.7O-72): 'Bul Amballla of vlom lloro is doubl or
uncorlainly concorning mo ... '. Tlo 'of vlom' musl roIalo lo sc (llo corroIalivo pronoun) and llus sc musl lransIalo as 'lo' (rallor llan 'llal').
Bul I cannol accounl for vly llo IaIi las sc, i.o. llo nominalivo, vlon il sooms llal llis pronoun slouId bo llo palionl of sc||issmi, i.o. 'I viII
mako cIoar lo him'.
17
{|iic |cii, Iil. 'vas slood' (lisloric prosonl lonso, llus |cii bocomos 'vas'). Somolimos llo IaIi idiom cannol bo lransIalod diroclIy inlo LngIisl,
lloroforo 'vas slanding', or simpIy 'slood', or maybo 'vas slalionod' for a moro IiloraI rondoring. AIso nolo llal llo vord pcnc is usod lo 'join'
llis sonlonco lo llo provious ono, lonco il can bo lransIalod as 'bul', 'lovovor', 'nov', or 'llon'.
18
Piii|iic lakos llo gonilivo, llus llo gonilivo form 8|cgctcic. Ono couId porlaps lransIalo piii|iic vill 'al llo back nI' lo mako llis roIalionslip
moro cIoar.
19
Vjcmnc, prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill nando. 8|cgctcnicm is llo palionl of tjcmnc.
2O
Kcmmcm ||c pcnc mc |crcnicssc is an oxampIo of llo conslruclion caIIod 'gonilivo absoIulo', soo Wardor p.58. A gonilivo absoIulo conslruclion
roquiros a parlicipIo in llo gonilivo caso (loro |crcnicssc, prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo) and an agonl of llo parlicipIo aIso in llo gonilivo (loro mc,
oncIilic gonilivo of c|cm, 'I', soo Wardor p.56). On lransIalion llo gonilivo absoIulo cIauso Iosos ils gonilivo sonso bul is mado lo sland aparl
6
Tlo goms
2
aro
3
lis.
4
(D II 16,16)

TransIate intn PaIi

|mcscm mcnussncm puii ||ctisscnii. (D III 71,14-15)
A|cm cssc (or icssc) !sc cm|i (or csmi).
5
(D I 6O,14)
8|cqcm ||ctisscii. (D I 69,4)
Sc !|cmmcm !cscsscii (or !csisscii). (D III 76,13)
Scmcnc ||ctissmi
6
. (D III 95,24)
8r|mcncssc puiic |cii.

(D II 231,11-12)
Rcc scrrcm tcii|cnc tci|cnii.
8
(D II 141,32-33)
Aqcm (or csc) icssc 8|cgctcic i|pc. (D II 142, 19-2O)
Mcqcm 8|cgctcic scrrncm ||gcm crc|mc.

(D II 164, 34 - 165,1)

Exercise 11

TransIate intn EngIish

Iriond, I did nol soo
1O
. (D II 13O,21)
Tlis vas
11
llo Iasl spoocl
12
of llo Tallgala. (D II 156,3)
Tloro viII bo joy and a lappy vay of Iifo.
13
(D I 196,1O-12)
Tlo BIossod Ono sav lloso
14
doilios. (D II 87,11-12)
Tlus, Sir, in llis vay,
15
llo young priosl }olipIa's
16
dosignalion, 'Mal-govinda',
17
camo inlo boing
18
. (D II 232,23-25)
Tlo vorId is olornaI.
19
(D I 187,22)
Il
2O
goos lo llo soullorn
21
diroclion. (D I 222,27-28)
Tloro viII nol ovon (pi) bo llo concopl 'good'
22
, Iol aIono a door of good. (D III 71,27-28)
I lravoIIod
23
llo road. (D III 255,24)
Il is boaulifuIIy
24
said
1
, bralmin. (D I 11O,34)

from llo rosl of llo sonlonco by inlroducing il vill 'vliIo' or 'vlon' olc. Nolo llal |cmmcm ||c pcnc is aIso parl of llo absoIulo conslruclion,
vill |cmmcm boing llo palionl of |crcnicssc, soo Wardor p.58.
1
Nolo llal dospilo llo lransIalion, |i|cmisscii is an aclivo vorb, Iil. '(llo body) viII liro'.
2
Or 'lloy aro lis goms'. Anollor 'oqualionaI' sonlonco. Horo rcicnni is 'oqualod' vill llo agonl of ||ctcnii, 'lloy', llus 'lloy aro goms'. Tlo
gonilivo icssc, 'lis', roIalos lo llo vord immodialoIy foIIoving il, llus 'lis goms'.
3
Nolo llal aIllougl ||ctcnii is llo prosonl lonso, llo conloxl in llo sulla makos il cIoar llal llo fuluro is boing spokon of. Tlis is an oxampIo of
vlal Wardor on p.13 caIIs 'a vivid fuluro visuaIisod as prosonl'.
4
Tlo conloxl is llo proplocising al llo birll of llo Bodlisallva Vipass llal, if lo slays al lomo, lo viII bocomo a univorsaI omporor vlo las
'sovon goms/procious llings'.
5
Tlo vord ordor may vary according lo omplasis, soo Wardor p.15 and p.61 nolo 2.
6
Nolo llal in llo IaIi llo pronoun, vlicl loro vouId lavo boon c|cm, is oflon Iofl oul and onIy impIiod by llo vorb, soo Wardor p.13.
7
Or moro omplalic: Aii|i |r|mcncssc puiic.
8
Tlo conloxl is llo proparalions for llo cromalion of a doad king's body, lonco llo uso of scrrcm rallor llan |cqc, soo Wardor p.59. Scrrcm is
accusalivo.
9
Tlo sulla loxl las llo vorb lovards llo fronl, mcqcm crc|mc 8|cgctcic scrrncm ||gcm, probabIy for omplasis.
1O
A!!cscm is aorisl firsl porson singuIar.
11
Anollor oqualionaI sonlonco vill llo vorb 'lo bo' missing, soo Wardor p.14. Bocauso of llo lisloric prosonl lonso of llo broador narralivo,
'vas' is llo approprialo vorb lo insorl.
12
Aqcm and pccc|im, rospoclivoIy a pronoun and an adjoclivo, agroo vill tc.
13
Yol anollor oqualionaI sonlonco. Again nolo lov vorbs oxprossing 'lo bo', loro ||ctisscii, do nol lako objocls and llus llo vords 'joinod' by
llom aro aII in llo nominalivo. Horo llo 'joining' is bolvoon an impIiod pronoun 'lloro' (llo agonl of ||ctisscii) and pmujjcm/ti|rc. Su||c is
loro an adjoclivo quaIifying ti|rc.
14
1, domonslralivo pronoun roIaling lo !ctciqc, boll boing fominino accusalivo pIuraI.
15
|min ... pcriqqcnc, Iil. 'llrougl llis courso', is a common idiom, soo Wardor p.45.
16
Boll }olipIassa and mnctcssc aro gonilivos and lloroforo roIalo lo and quaIify oacl ollor. IoIIoving Wardor (p.61) ono migll lransIalo '(of)
}olipIa vlo vas a young priosl'.
17
Tlo gonilivo normaIIy roIalos lo llo vord(s) immodialoIy foIIoving il (soo Wardor p.56), vlicl in llis caso is 'Mc|gctin!c ii scmc'. Tlis
oxprossion forms a unil, simiIar lo adjoclivo + noun, and llo gonilivo roIalos lo llo vloIo unil.
18
U!cp!i, aorisl of uppcjjcii, soo Wardor p.63.
19
Anollor 'oqualionaI sonlonco', i.o. ono lling 'is' somolling oIso. Nolo llal llo vords 'oqualod' aro in llo nominalivo caso, soo NCRI II 5.
2O
Tlo conloxl roquiros llal sc is lransIalod as 'il' rallor llan as 'lo'.
21
Dc|||incm is an adjoclivo lo !iscm, boll boing accusalivo.
22
Kusc|cn-ii. A vord quolod in llis vay (i.o. using ii) oxprossos a llougll or idoa, soo Wardor p.36.
23
Agcmsim, aorisl firsl porson singuIar, Iil. 'I vonl (llo road)'.
24
Kc|qncm is loro an advorb lo tucccii, soo Wardor p.18.
7
Tlon King Malsudassana, laving lakon llo coromoniaI valor vossoI vill llo Iofl land, sprinkIod llo vlooI-gom
vill llo rigll land.
2
(D II 172,19-22)
Tlis is good. (D II 222,27)
Tlis India
3
viII suroIy (ctc) bo povorfuI and prosporous
4
. (D III 75,8-9)
You aro praclising
5
vrongIy, I am praclising corroclIy
6
. (D III 117,1O-11)
Ho las faIIon avay from lloro (and)
7
las roarison
8
loro.
9
(D I 81,23)
Tlo vandoror sav
1O
llo BIossod Ono coming.
11
(D I 179,5-6)
Iorcoplions
12
ariso and (pi) coaso. (D I 18O,3)
An iIInoss of llo BIossod Ono
13
aroso
14
.
15
(D II 127,34-35)
Ho acquiros roslrainl
16
. (D I 85,26)
I did
17
llo vork. Nov (pcnc) vliIo I vas doing llo vork,
18
llo body bocamo lirod,
19
voII, I viII Iio dovn
2O
. (D III
255,15-16)
Wo sav lim
21
roarison
22
loro.
23
(D I 18,17-18)

TransIate intn PaIi

Ancnic (or cncnict) |c|c. (D I 188,1-2)
Nc i!cm su|crcm. (D I 63,3-4)
A|cm mcggcm cgcmsim (or pciipcjjim). (D III 255,24)
A!!cs
24
rj |umrcm. (D II 16,3-4)
Ncgcrcm p|icm c|csi. (Cf. D II 146,29 and D I 211,7)
Sc !|utc niccc scsscic. (D I 18,35)
A!!csmc 8|cgctcnicm. (D III 39,32)
Vc |cni (or ||siicm |cnicm). (D III 173,13-14)
1cnc cc mc jtiicm !inncm
25
, mcq cc icssc jtiicm !inncm. (Cf. D I 148,3)
Pcssc, ncn!c, ic cii niru!!| tipcrinci.
26
(D II 198,18-19)
1cssc pc|icm sutcnncm |cii. (Cf. D II 351,11 and D III 163,5-6)

Exercise 12

Passage Inr reading (D II 337,9-23)

1
Vucccii is passivo, soo Wardor p.52.
2
Nolo lov King Malsudassana is llo agonl of lvo vorbs, boll gc|cit and c|||u|iri. Lacl vorb, lovovor, las ils ovn palionl vill
accompanying inslrumonlaIs, soo Wardor p.48.
3
jcm|u!pc, Iil. 'roso-appIo isIand', llus 'roso-appIo Iand'.
4
|!!|c and p|ic aro boll adjoclivos quaIifying }ambudpo (India).
5
Pciipcnnc is a pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill itcm (and in llo socond inslanco vill c|cm) boll boing nominalivo singuIar. Tlo idioms of llo IaIi
and LngIisl aro difforonl loro and lloroforo il is difficuIl lo lransIalo pciipcnnc vill an LngIisl pasl parlicipIo (unIoss ono cloosos 'ongagod in').
In lransIalion vork lloro viII aIvays bo numbor of inslancos vlon a IiloraI rondoring is difficuIl or impossibIo.
6
Micc| and scmm aro advorbs lo pciipcnnc.
7
Quilo roguIarIy in llo IaIi an 'and' is undorslood aIllougl no connoclivo parlicIo appoars in llo loxl.
8
Boll cuic and upcpcnnc aro pasl parlicipIos agrooing vill sc, 'lo'. Tlo sonso loro is aclivo and nol passivo vlicl is moro common vill pasl
parlicipIos, soo Wardor p.4O. (Tlis is bocauso cuic and upcpcnnc aro inlransilivo.)
9
Tlis is llo usuaI idiom for doscribing a doily compIoling ils limo in a loavonIy roaIm and boing roborn in llo luman roaIm.
1O
A!!cs, aorisl.
11
gccc|cnicm is a prosonl parlicipIo in llo accusalivo agrooing vill 8|cgctcnicm Iiko an adjoclivo, soo Wardor p.46f.
12
Sc is a fominino noun pIuraI (samo form as llo singuIar).
13
8|cgctcic, gonilivo of 8|cgct.
14
Uppcjji, aorisl of uppcjjcii. Nolo llal llis is an aIlornalivo form lo u!cp!i jusl abovo (oxampIo 5 in llis oxorciso).
15
I.o., llo BIossod Ono bocamo iII.
16
As so oflon vill llo IaIi lloro is no agonl loro aparl from llo pronoun vlicl is undorslood by llo onding of llo vorb.
17
A|sim, aorisl.
18
Kcmmcm ||c pcnc mc |crcnicssc is a gonilivo absoIulo conslruclion. Ior furllor dolaiIs soo ponuIlimalo oxampIo in oxorciso 1O, and Wardor
p.58.
19
Ki|cnic is a pasl parlicipIo. Tlo IaIi conslruclion is acluaIIy aclivo, Iil. 'llo body lirod'.
2O
Nipcjjmi. Tlo prosonl lonso loro oxprossos llo immodialo fuluro, soo Wardor p.12.
21
|mcm (accusalivo), usuaIIy a domonslralivo pronoun bul loro il is a porsonaI pronoun (soo Wardor p.3O).
22
Upcpcnncm, agroos vill imcm, 'lim (accusalivo) vlo las arison'.
23
I.o., vo sav llal lo lad roarison loro.
24
A!!cs, unIiko ollor vorbs, usuaIIy slands al llo boginning of llo sonlonco.
25
Nolo llo agroomonl bolvoon jtiicm and !inncm.
26
Pcssc is llo imporalivo socond porson singuIar. Ior niru!!|c, soo Wardor p.4O.
8

Onco upon a limo, a corlain concl-bIovor
1
, laving lakon a concl, vonl
2
lo a bordoring counlry. Ho, lovards
a corlain viIIago, llal vay approaclod.
3
Having approaclod, laving soundod llo concl, laving pul dovn llo
concl, lo sal dovn.
4
Tlon (ci|c ||c) lloso bordoring
5
poopIo llougll llis:
6
''Of vlal
7
is llis sound, vlicl is so
oxciling, so IovoIy, so inloxicaling
8
`'' Having assombIod, lloy said llis lo llal concl-bIovor: ''Sir,
9
of vlal is llis
sound, vlicl is so oxciling, so IovoIy, so inloxicaling`'' ''Tlis, Sirs,
1O
is caIIod (nmc) a concl, of vlicl
11
lloro is
12

llis sound, vlicl is so oxciling, so IovoIy, so inloxicaling.''
13


TransIate intn EngIish

Tlrougl vlicl
14
galo llo ascolic Golama viII Ioavo loday, llal viII bo caIIod 'llo Golama Galo'. (D II 89,7-8)
AIso (pi) lis cIollos aro
15
nol as llo cIollos of ollors
16
. (D II 28,27-28)
Wlal is llo moaning
17
of llis` (D III 285,7)
Wlal (qcm) vo viII dosiro, llal vo viII do.
18
(D II 162,32)
Of vlal aclion
19
of mino
2O
is llis
21
llo fruil, of vlal aclion (is llis) llo rosuIl`
22
(D II 185,29-3O)
Nov (icm), vlal do llo lonourabIo doilios llink`
23
(D II 216,7)
Tloro is no ollor vorId.
24
(D I 55,17)
Wlo aro you
25
, friond` (D II 356,17)
Wlal is good (and) vlal is bad`
26
(D III 61,14-15)
Wlo aro you`
27
(D III 84,16)
Boing a King, vlal
28
doos lo gol`
1
(D III 146,23)

1
Tlis is a compound vord: scn||c!|cmc = scn||c ('concl') + !|cmc ('bIovor'). Ior mosl compounds llo moaning is immodialoIy obvious.
Hovovor somolimos il is nol and il is llon nocossary lo anaIyso llo compound, soo Wardor pp.77-78.
2
Nolo lov scn||c!|cmc is llo agonl of a sorios of vorbs: firsl !qc llon cgcmsi, soo Wardor p.48.
3
I.o., lo approaclod a corlain viIIago. Ycnc ... icnc upcscn|cmi, 'lovards ... llal vay (lo) approaclod', is llo normaI idiom in IaIi for
approacling somoono or somolling. Nolo llal, bocauso of llo indocIinabIo qcnc, vlal vouId normaIIy bo an objocl in llo accusalivo insload
bocomos nominalivo, soo Wardor p.14.
4
Tlo Iasl vorb nis!i (aorisl llird porson singuIar) loIIs us llal llo agonl is llird porson singuIar. Tlo conloxl makos il cIoar llal il is 'lo' (i.o.,
llo conclbIovor).
5
According lo Wardor pccccnicjc is a noun, bul I lako il lo bo an adjoclivo, soo ILD.
6
Iil. 'of lloso bordoring poopIo lloro vas llis'. Tlis is llo usuaI idiom in IaIi lo indicalo llinking, soo Wardor p.56.
7
Or 'vlal las', |issc, gonilivo.
8
A sorios of llroo adjoclivos foIIoving llo noun (sc!!c, 'sound') lo vlicl lloy roIalo. Wlon an adjoclivo foIIovs llo noun il roIalos lo ono
slouId lransIalo 'vlicl is/vlicl las ...', soo Wardor p.61.
9
Am||c, nol vory rospoclfuI.
1O
8|c, usod for boll llo singuIar and llo pIuraI.
11
Or 'vlicl las'. Tlo gonilivo aIono, or llo gonilivo + llo vorb 'lo bo', can oflon bosl bo lransIalod vill llo vorb 'lavo'.
12
Tloro is no vorb in llo IaIi, so llo vorb 'lo bo' musl bo addod.
13
Nolo llal llis sonlonco is slruclurod vill a roIalivo cIauso (boginning vill qcssc, 'of vlicl') and a domonslralivo cIauso vlicl is pIacod firsl
(boginning vill csc, 'llis'). |sc is llo corroIalivo of qcssc and llus lloy agroo in numbor and gondor bul nol in caso, soo Wardor pp.7O-72. A
sIigll paraplrasing migll bring oul llo slrucluro bollor: 'Tlal vlicl las llis sound vlicl is so oxciling, IovoIy, and inloxicaling (=roIalivo
cIauso, nov pIacod firsl), llal is caIIod a concl (=domonslralivo cIauso)'.
14
Ycn'cjjc = qcnc + cjjc. Ycnc agroos vill !trcnc (boll boing noulor singuIar inslrumonlaI) and llus qcnc quaIifios !trcnc, 'llrougl vlicl
galo'.
15
Nolo again llal llo vorb 'lo bo' is missing in llo IaIi.
16
Horo llo gonilivo vord (cssc, from pi'ssc = pi + cssc) comos aflor llo vord lo vlicl il roIalos. Tlo roason for llis may bo llal lloro aro lvo
indopondonl gonilivo vords loro (i.o., cssc and ccscm), boll roIaling lo llo samo noun, tcii|ni, 'cIollos'. Wlon lransIaling inlo LngIisl
'cIollos' noods lo bo ropoalod.
17
Kc is llo inlorrogalivo pronoun, loro agrooing vill cii|c. Tlo vorb 'lo bo' musl bo suppIiod.
18
I.o., vo viII do as vo Iiko. Ycm, Iil. 'vlicl', is oflon bollor lransIalod vill 'vlal'. Wlon qcm is usod in llis lypo of gonoraI slalomonl il can
moan 'vlalovor'/'vliclovor', soo ILD. Nolo llo fuluro lonso in boll llo subordinalo and llo main cIauso, soo Wardor p.88.
19
In llo IaIi, a noun and a pronoun llal agroos vill il (i.o., lloy rofor lo llo samo lling), can oflon bo soparalod by ollor vords. Wlal mallors
is agroomonl (in gondor, caso, and numbor). In llis caso boll |issc and |cmmcssc aro gonilivo noulor singuIar and ono can lloroforo assumo llal
llo pronoun quaIifios llo noun, i.o. '(of) vlal aclion'. Tlo samo is lruo for i!cm and p|c|cm. Il is lloroforo imporlanl lo scan sonloncos (or
individuaI cIausos villin Iongor sonloncos) for sucl agroomonl.
2O
Tlo caso of mc loro couId aIso bo inslrumonlaI, '(vlal aclion) by mo', or ovon dalivo, '(llis llo fruil) for mo'.
21
|!cm rofors back lo somolling jusl monlionod.
22
I.o. 'vlal did I do lo gol llis`' Tlis is yol anollor sonlonco vill no vorb, and llo vorb 'lo bo' musl bo addod on lransIalion.
23
I road icm as an indocIinabIo, 'nov' or 'llon'. Il couId aIso bo rogardod as an accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo (soo Wardor p.17), 'aboul llal',
roforring lo vlal las boon said or vlal is lo foIIov, i.o. 'vlal do llo lonourabIo doilios llink aboul llal: ...' (soo Wardor p.29). 8|cnic !ct is
nominalivo rallor llan vocalivo bocauso llo vorb mccnii is in llo llird porson (pIuraI).
24
I.o., aflor doall. Aii|i al llo boginning of a sonlonco makos for an omplalic assorlion, soo Wardor p.31.
25
Kc'si = |c + csi. Nolo llo agroomonl bolvoon |c and itcm, boll boing nominalivo singuIar.
26
LqualionaI sonlonco vill aII llo oIomonls boing nominalivo (noulor). Tlo vorb 'lo bo' musl bo addod.
27
Anollor oqualionaI sonlonco, nominalivo pIuraI.
28
Kim, accusalivo palionl of |c||cii, 'lo gols what`'
9
May my
2
Irinco Idyibladda bo
3
possossod vill
4
llis caIm
5
! (D I 5O,25-26)
Ask,
6
Groal King,
7
vlal
8
you visl. (D I 51,6)
Tlo BIossod Ono makos an opporlunily for you.
9
(D II 15O,19-2O)
Wlal is nol pIoasing
1O
lo lim
11
, llal lo givos up.
12
(D III 43,27-28)

TransIate intn PaIi

A!si mc. (D III 258,11)
Piqc mc
13
U!qi||c!!c |umrc. (D I 5O,29)
8|cgct pciicm !qc gmcm pin]qc ptisi. (Cf. D I 178,7-8)
Sc ni||nqc (or pcrini||nqc) !|cmmcm !cscii. (D III 55,1-2)
Ycm (cssc) ||cmcii
14
icm ||!cii (or pcri||ujcii). (D III 43,28-3O)
Ai|c ||c 8|cgct qcnc !trcnc ni|||cmi, icm Gcicmc-!trcm nmc c|csi. (D II 89,1O-11)
1cm |im mccsi mc|rjc
15
(D I 6O,6)
Mcqcm ||ctcnicm Gcicmcm !csscnqc i!|c upcscn|cni
16
. (D I 89,22-23)
Kim ||cnic sc!!cm csscs ii
1
Nc c|cm tusc sc!!cm csscsin-ii.
18
(D II 13O,22-23)
N' (ct') cssc
1
mcqcm jtcm ni|||cmcnicm pcssmc. (D II 333,9)

Exercise 13

Passage Inr reading (D II 337,23 - 338,9)

Tloy pul dovn
2O
llal concl slrolclod oul
21
, saying
22
: ''Spoak,
23
Sir Concl! Spoak, Sir Concl!'' Tlal concl
corlainIy
24
did nol mako a sound. Tloy pul dovn llal concl on llo sido
25
... lloy mado (il) sland up
26
... lloy slruck
(il) vill a slick ... lloy slook (il) saying: ''Spoak, Sir Concl! Spoak, Sir Concl!'' Tlal concl corlainIy did nol mako a
sound. Tlon, llal concl-bIovor
27
llougll llis:
28
''To vlal oxlonl lloso bordoror poopIo aro fooIs.
29
Ior lov can
1


1
Ior furllor commonls soo sonlonco 12, oxorciso 8.
2
Mc can bo inslrumonlaI, gonilivo, or dalivo, bul llo conloxl - llis is boing spokon by Irinco Idyibladda's fallor - indicalos llo gonilivo, 'of
mo'.
3
Hciu, 'may ... (lo) bo', llird porson imporalivo, oxprossing a visl, soo Wardor p.35.
4
Scmcnngcic ('possossod vill') is a pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill U!qi||c!!c |umrc. A form of llo vorb 'lo bo' vill a parlicipIo immodialoIy
procoding il, is a common foaluro of IaIi. Tlo combinalion forms vlal in offocl is a singIo vorb and slouId bo lransIalod logollor. In llis
oxampIo vo lloroforo lavo: 'may ... bo possossod vill', cf. Wardor pp.233-238.
5
Scmcnngcic lakos llo inslrumonlaI, soo Wardor p.44.
6
Pucc|c, imporalivo.
7
Mc|rjc, vocalivo.
8
Yc!, Iil. 'vlicl', bul llo moaning is oflon bosl convoyod vill 'vlal' or 'vlalovor', soo ILD undor qc.
9
I.o., lo agroos lo soo you. 1c is dalivo of advanlago, soo Wardor p.67.
1O
(K)||cmcii, prosonl lonso. Again, nolo llal vlon lransIaling llo prosonl lonso inlo LngIisl ono may uso llo ordinary prosonl lonso (i.o.
'pIoasos') or llo 'conlinuous' prosonl (i.o. 'is pIoasing'). Conloxl and naluraI idiom musl docido vlicl is proforabIo.
11
Assc, 'lo lim', dalivo. K|cmcii roquiros llo dalivo, soo Wardor pp.67 and 74.
12
Tlis is anollor caso of a sonlonco slruclurod vill a roIalivo cIauso procoding a domonslralivo cIauso.
13
Tlo uso of llo slorlonod form of pronouns, llo 'oncIilics' (loro mc insload of mcq|cm), is vory common. As lloso slorlonod forms aro novor
llo firsl vord of llo sonlonco (lloy aro normaIIy llo socond vord), llo usuaI vord ordor may bo aIlorod.
14
I.o., 'vlal pIoasos lim ...'.
15
Tlo usuaI vord ordor, vlicl vouId lavo llo vocalivo mc|rjc as llo socond vord, may bo clangod in a quoslion.
16
Upcscn|cni is a pasl parlicipIo, soo Wardor p.4O. Nolo llo Iong onding lo agroo vill llo pIuraI nominalivo mcqcm.
17
Or 'Asscsi ||cnic sc!!cm'.
18
Soo Wardor p.74.
19
Nctcssc = n'ct'cssc = nc ctc cssc, is a junclion form, soo Wardor pp.213-218. Ni|||cmcnic, prosonl parlicipIo, soo Wardor p.46.
2O
Nipicsum, aorisl causalivo (soo Wardor p.81).
21
I.o., lloy Iaid il dovn fIal.
22
Tlo foIIoving sonlonco onds in ii vlicl loro marks dirocl spoocl, llus 'saying'.
23
Vc!c|i, imporalivo, soo Wardor p.35.
24
|tc, adds omplasis.
25
Pcsscnc, indocIinabIo or inslrumonlaI of mannor, soo Wardor p.45.
26
{|cpcsum, soo Wardor p.81.
27
Scn||c!|cmc = scn||c ('concl) + !|cmc ('bIovor'), a gonilivo lappurisa compound. Tlal is, llo caso roIalionslip bolvoon llo lvo mombors of
llo compound, scn||c and !|cmc, is llo gonilivo, 'bIovor of llo concl'. Tlo compound as a vloIo is aIso gonilivo, llus llo onding '-ssc'. Soo
Wardor pp.77-78.
28
Or 'il occurod lo lim', Iil. 'of llal concl-bIovor lloro vas llis'. Tlo slandard IaIi idiom usod lo oxpross llinking, soo Wardor p.56.
29
Tvo adjoclivos and a pronoun procoding llo noun llal lloy quaIify, i.o. mcnuss, 'poopIo'. Tlis is an omplalic conslruclion, usuaIIy onIy ono
adjoclivo procodos llo noun (soo Wardor p.61). Nolo again llo Iack of a vorb, llo vorb 'lo bo' musl bo addod.
10
lloy soarcl (so) unvisoIy
2
for llo concl-sound
3
`'' WliIo lloy voro valcling,
4
lo,
5
laving graspod llo concl,
laving soundod llo concl llrico, laving lakon
6
llo concl, vonl avay.

TransIate intn EngIish

Tlo bralmin laugll
7
llo lymns
8
. (D II 236,19-21)
Ho dovoIops
9
llal llougll
1O
. (D III 259,1O-11)
Your Majosly (!ctc), I am nol giving
11
you
12
(up) lo llo onomios
13
. (D I 5O,9)
Tlis is llo origin of sufforing.
14
(D I 84,1)
Tlo King causod paIacos lo bo mado
15
for llo Irinco
16
. (D II 21,6-7)
Ho, ondovod vill llis nobIo coIIoclion of virluo
17
, and ondovod vill llis nobIo roslrainl of llo sonsos
18
... rosorls
19

lo an isoIalod abodo: a forosl, llo rool of a lroo,
2O
a mounlain ... llo opon air,
21
a loap of slrav
22
. (D I 71,12-17)
Horo llo unsurpassod vlooI of llo Dlamma
23
vas sol going
24
by llo Tallgala. (D II 14O,25-26)
Tlis is oxcoIIonl. (D II 223,2)
Wloovor
25
puls
26
a garIand on lop of (il),
27
llal viII bo for lloir
28
lappinoss.
29
(D II 161,28-3O)
Bul, doar }vaka, vly
3O
aro you siIonl`
31
(D I 49,11-12)
I lopo (|ccci), doar }vaka, you aro nol giving mo (up) lo llo onomios`
32
(D I 5O,4-5)

TransIate intn PaIi

Aqcm !u|||cnirc!|c. (D I 84,2)
Pcrini||nc||c !ni 8|cgctcic. (D II 112,27)

1
Kci|cm |i nmc. Goos vill llo fuluro lonso, llo moaning boing indignalion/disapprovaI, soo Wardor p.55. Tlo fuluro lonso is nol suilabIo for
llo LngIisl lransIalion. (Tlo poinl of courso is lo rolain llo moaning of llo IaIi, i.o. indignalion/disapprovaI, nol llo IiloraI lonso of llo vorb.)
2
Aqcnisc, nono of Wardor's lransIalions fil llo conloxl vory voII.
3
Scn||csc!!cm = scn||c ('concl') + sc!!c ('sound'), a gonilivo lappurisa compound, 'sound of llo concl', soo Wardor pp.77-78.
4
Gonilivo absoIulo, soo Wardor p.58. Wlon llo gonilivo absoIulo is formod vill llo prosonl parlicipIo (loro pc|||cmnncm) llo aclion is
usuaIIy simuIlanoous vill llo aclion of llo main vorb of llo sonlonco (loro pc||mi, aorisl). Tlus I lransIalo 'voro valcling' lo agroo vill
'vonl avay', boll pasl lonso, cf. NCRI XII 4.
5
Nolo llal llo foIIoving four vorbs aII lavo llo samo agonl. Tlal llo agonl is 'lo' (i.o. llo concl-bIovor) is knovn from llo conloxl and from
llo finaI vorb pc||mi (llird porson singuIar aorisl).
6
Or 'laking', soo Wardor p.48.
7
Vccsi, aorisl, Iil. 'causod lo spoak/rocilo'. Sinco rocilalion vas llo bralmin vay of Ioarning lloir lradilion, llis bocomos 'lo loacl', soo ILD.
8
Mcnic, accusalivo pIuraI.
9
8|tcii, causalivo of ||ctcii, 'lo bo'. 'To causo lo bo' is lo bring inlo oxislonco, i.o. lo dovoIop.
1O
Ciiicm usuaIIy moans 'mind', bul in conloxl il is a 'llougll' or 'visl' llal lo is cuIlivaling.
11
Again nolo lov llo IaIi prosonl lonso !cmi can bo lranIalod as oillor 'I givo' or 'I am giving'.
12
1cm. Accusalivo of itcm.
13
Dalivo. Vorbs moaning lo givo (and simiIar concopls) aro usuaIIy associalod vill llo dalivo, i.o. dalivo of advanlago (for llo rocoivor).
14
Du|||cscmu!cqc = !u|||c ('sufforing') + scmu!cqc ('origin'), a gonilivo lappurisa compound (soo Wardor p.77-78) oquivaIonl lo !u|||cssc
scmu!cqc.
15
Or 'lad paIacos mado', causalivo, soo Wardor p.8O. Krpcsi is oillor socond porson singuIar prosonl lonso or llird porson singuIar aorisl (llo
forms aro idonlicaI), bul sinco rj is llo agonl (i.o., llird porson) onIy llo socond aIlornalivo is possibIo.
16
Again, dalivo of advanlago.
17
S|c|||cn!|cnc = s|c ('virluo') + (|)||cn!|c ('coIIoclion'), gonilivo lappurisa compound. Again nolo llal gonilivo loro rofors lo llo internaI
slrucluro of llo compound. Tlo compound as a vloIo (and llus ils roIalionslip lo ollor vords in llo sonlonco) is inslrumonlaI.
18
|n!riqcscmtcrcnc = in!riqc ('sonso(s)') + scmtcrc ('roslrainl'), anollor gonilivo lappurisa compound.
19
Nolo lov 'lo' (sc) is llo agonl of llroo soparalo cIausos, oacl vill a soparalo vorb (i.o., scmcnngcic lvico and ||cjcii).
2O
I.o., llo fool of a lroo. Ru|||cm|cm = ru|||c ('lroo') + m|c ('rool'), anollor gonilivo lappurisa compound.
21
Wardor lakos c|||c|scm lo bo an adjoclivo quaIifying pc||cpujcm, bul normaIIy il is undorslood lo bo a noun, soo DI.
22
Pc||cpujcm = pc||c ('slrav') + pujc ('loap'), sliII anollor gonilivo lappurisa compound, soo Wardor pp.77-78.
23
D|cmmccc||cm = !|cmmcssc cc||cm, again a gonilivo lappurisa compound.
24
Pctciiiicm is a pasl parlicipIo of llo causalivo, i.o. 'causod lo go'. Tlis is an oxampIo of llo pasl parlicipIo in llo nominalivo singuIar noulor
(pctciiiicm) boing usod as llo main sonlonco vorb, soo Wardor p.42. Tlo pasl parlicipIo sliII agroos vill ils objocl (cnuiicrcm !|cmmccc||cm),
llis boing a passivo sonlonco.
25
Yc, Iil. 'vlo', pIuraI.
26
Iil. 'viII pul'. rcpcsscnii is probabIy fuluro duo lo 'allraclion' lo ||ctisscii (soo Wardor pp.87-88). Tlal is, ||ctisscii (llo vorb of llo main
cIauso) is roquirod lo bo fuluro lonso on accounl of llo moaning, and llus llo vorb of llo roIalivo cIauso (rcpcsscnii) viII aIso lond lo bo fuluro.
27
Nolo llo roIalivo cIauso/domonslralivo cIauso conslruclion. Tlo conloxl is llo lonouring of a slupa conlaining Buddla-roIics.
28
1cscm, oillor dalivo, 'for/lo llom', or gonilivo, 'lloir'/'of llom'. Il is oflon impossibIo lo knov for corlain vlollor a parlicuIar conslruclion is
dalivo or gonilivo (loro il is probabIy dalivo duo lo llo advanlago oblainod), soo Wardor p.69. In praclico, vlollor a parlicuIar oxprossion is
dalivo or gonilivo, doos nol usuaIIy significanlIy affocl llo moaning.
29
Su||qc, dalivo, Iil. 'for llo purposo of lappinoss'.
3O
Kim loro funclions as an indocIinabIo, vlicl purposo il is lo mako llo sonlonco inlorrogalivo, soo Wardor p.74.
31
Again, a sonlonco villoul a vorb. Add 'lo bo', i.o. 'aro'.
32
Soo abovo, llird sonlonco of llis oxorciso, for dolaiIs.
11
Cun!c |cmmrcpuiic pcnicm ||!cniqcm pciiq!pcit
1
8|cgctcic ||cm rccpcsi
2
. 'K|c ||cnic niii|iicm ||ciicn-ii.
(D II 127,3-6)
S|c migcrj pc||cmi
3
(or ni|||cmi). (D III 23,26-31)
Aii|i cc !|cmm gcm||r pcni, qc 1ci|gcic pctc!cii.
4
(D I 12,19-22)
Sc icm ciiicm ||tcii.
5
(D III 259,1O-11)
Rj |r|mcnc mcnipcit
6
cic! ctccc. ''Pcsscniu |r|mcn

|umrcn''-ii. (D II 16,4-6)
Rj |umrcm nis!pcit cnusscii. (D II 2O,19 - 21,1)
8r|mcnc purcii|imcnc (or purcii|imcm) ncgcrcssc nctcm cgrcm |rpcsi
8
. (D II 239,18-19)
Mcnic tcci|c. (D II 238,32)
A|cm cjc mucpcmi. (D I 147,37 - 148,3)

Exercise 14

Passage Inr reading (D II 349,25 - 35O,7)

Onco upon a limo a corlain counlry omigralod. Tlon, a friond addrossod a friond: ''Iol us go,
9
my doar. Wo
viII approacl llal counlry.
1O
Iorlaps
11
in llis caso (cii|c) vo may acquiro somo
12
voaIll.'' Saying ''yos, my doar'',
llo friond consonlod lo llo friond. Tloy approaclod llal counlry (and llon)
13
a corlain silo of a viIIago
14
. Tloro lloy
sav mucl abandonod
15
lomp. Having soon (il), llo friond
16
addrossod llo friond: ''Tlis, my doar, is mucl
abandonod lomp. Nov, my doar, you bind
17
a Ioad of lomp
18
and I viII bind a Ioad of lomp. Wo boll
19
laving
lakon a Ioad of lomp, viII go.'' Saying ''yos, my doar'', llo friond laving consonlod lo llo friond, bound
2O
a Ioad of
lomp.

TransIate intn EngIish

May I ask,
21
VonorabIo Sir, (aboul) somo
22
poinl` (D I 51,3-4)
Tlo doilios faII from llal group
23
. (D I 2O,19)
Lxislonco is
24
from llo condilion of allaclmonl
25
. (D II 56,5)
Wlal nov if vo voro lo do llal vlicl is good
1
` (D III 73,21)

1
Ior pciiq!pcit soo Wardor p.81. Nolo llal ||!cniqcm (singuIar) loro is oquivaIonl lo 'dislos' (pIuraI).
2
rccpcsi lakos llo dalivo Iiko rcccii, soo Wardor p.68.
3
Nolo llo roguIar aorisl formalion pc||cmi. Tlo irroguIar formalion pc||mi is moro common, soo Wardor p.24.
4
Nolo lov llo roIalivo cIauso loro foIIovs llo domonslralivo cIauso, llo roIalivo pronoun boing 'qc' and llo roIalod domonslralivo pronoun
boing 'cc'. Yc is in llo accusalivo (i.o., llo objocl of pctc!cii), vliIo cc, vlicl il roIalos lo, is in llo nominalivo. Tlo numbor and gondor, as
lloy musl bo, aro llo samo, soo Wardor p.71. Ac is docIinod Iiko qc, soo Wardor p.74.
5
Soo 'TransIalo inlo LngIisl' soclion abovo, socond sonlonco.
6
mcnipcit, causalivo, 'laving causod lo bo addrossod'.
7
Nominalivo, nol vocalivo, bocauso llo vorb is in llo llird porson. Tlo vocalivo is usod vill vorbs in llo socond porson.
8
Krpcsi, causalivo aorisl.
9
Imporalivo or prosonl of immodialo fuluro, soo Wardor p.12.
1O
Iil. 'lovards llal counlry llal vay vo viII approacl', i.o., Iol us approacl llal counlry. Again llis is llo slandard IaIi idiom for going
somovloro or lo somoono. Nolo llo indocIinabIo uso of icnc ('lovards') and qcnc ('llal vay'). Tlo fuluro loro oxprossos
docision/dolorminalion, soo Wardor p.55.
11
App ctc nmc, soo DI.
12
Ki is loro llo junclion form of |im (i.o., llo finaI m clangos lo duo lo llo immodialoIy foIIoving c), soo Wardor p.217. Ki/|im is llo
accusalivo singuIar noulor lo agroo vill !|cncm.
13
Tlo IaIi IiloraIIy says: 'Tloy, lovards (qcnc) llal counlry, lovards (qcnc) a corlain viIIago-silo, llal vay (icnc) approaclod'. Nolo llo soquonco
of approacling ono Iocalion aflor anollor and ils boing oxprossod by a soquonco of qcncs.
14
Gmcpc!cm = gmc ('viIIago') + pc!cm ('silo'), gonilivo lappurisa compound, soo Wardor pp.77-78.
15
C|c]]iicm, pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill sncm, 'lomp'.
16
Sc|qc|c, 'friond', is llo agonl of boll vorbs, !ist and mcnicsi.
17
8cn!|c, imporalivo socond porson singuIar, soo Wardor pp.34-35.
18
Snc||rcm = snc ('lomp') + ||rcm ('Ioad'), gonilivo lappurisa compound.
19
U||c, 'boll', is a numoraI adjoclivo, loro quaIifying 'vo' (impIiod by llo vorb).
2O
8cn!|i, aorisl.
21
Pucc|cqqm' c|cm = pucc|cqqmi c|cm, oplalivo lo indicalo a roquosl, soo Wardor p.87.
22
Kc ci! = |cm + ci, |c and ci! boing junclion forms. Kc/|cm is mascuIino accusalivo singuIar lo agroo vill !cscm.
23
1cm| |q, abIalivo. Kqc las llo sonso of 'coIIoclion', llus loro il rofors lo a group of doilios or a vorId of doilios.
24
An oqualionaI sonlonco vloro llo vorb 'lo bo' is impIiod. Tlo oqualion loro is bolvoon llo agonl of 'lo bo' and ||ctc, i.o. 'lloro is oxislonco ...'.
(LqualionaI sonloncos aro aIvays bolvoon vords in llo samo caso, aImosl aIvays llo nominalivo.)
25
Upc!ncpccccq is a gonlivo lappurisa compound in llo abIalivo. (I.o. llo caso of llo compound as a vloIo is abIalivo (il onds in ) bul llo
caso roIalion bolvoon llo lvo vords upc!nc and pccccqc is gonilivo.) Tlo abIalivo is loro llo abIalivo of causo and il couId bo lransIalod as
'duo lo llo condilion of allaclmonl'.
12
Tlo BIossod Ono vouId novor
2
say llal
3
! (D III 249,1O)
Tloy
4
viII nol nov ariso from llal iIInoss.
5
(D II 32O,11-12)
Having approaclod llom
6
from limo lo limo
7
, you slouId ask.
8
(D III 61,13-14)
Ho migll llink llis:
9
'IormorIy I vas a sIavo. Nov I am frood from llal sIavory!' (D I 72,26-28)
Bul, friond, vloro oxporionco compIoloIy is nol (n'cii|i), vouId porlaps llo porcoplion
1O
'I am' bo
11
lloro`
12
(D II 67,19-
2O)
Tlo oulfIovings (sct) lavo boon oxlauslod by mo.
13
(D III 283,21)
Nobody
14
ovon (pi) offorod mo a soal.
15
(D I 91,18-19)
Iol llo lonourabIos como!
16
(D II 233,4)
Horo a rocIuso or bralmin migll oblain somolling good
17
. Having oblainod somolling good, lo slouId nol inform
anollor.
18
Ior (li) vlal can ono
19
do
2O
for anollor
21
`
22
}usl as if,
23
laving cul an oId bond, ono slouId mako
anollor nov bond. (D I 224, 9-13)

TransIate intn PaIi

(A|cm) uii|q'scn
24
pc||mim. (D I 53,1O-14)
Sccc scmcnc Gcicmc imcm pcriscm gccc|cqqc, imcm icm (lim) pc|cm pucc|cqqmc.
25
(D III 4O,1-2)
Kim |crcqqmc. (D III 73,22)
A|cm puni |crcqqcm. (D I 6O,16-17)
P|csscpccccq tc!cn. (D II 56,17)
Yci| ic ||cmcqqc
26
, (ici|)
2
icm (il) tq|crcqqsi. (D I 6O,4-5)
Mcqcm ncm scncnc nimcnicqqmc.
28
(D I 6O,35 - 61,2)
Ccn!cgg|c
2
||ctisscii. (D I 1O,13)
N'cii|i cii|c |ici.
30
(D II 331,1)
8r|mcn |r|mcncm ncgcr pc||jcqqum.
31
(D I 98,9-12)


1
Kusc|cm is loro a noun (nol an adjoclivo) and llus 'llal vlicl is good', 'vlal is good', or 'llo good', soo Wardor p.62.
2
Hi is loro an inlonsifior, llus 'novor' for nc |i.
3
|tcm, Iil. 'llus'. |tcm is oflon, as in llis caso, usod lo rofor lo vlal las jusl boon said or vlal is aboul lo bo said, lloroforo 'llal'.
4
|mc is usuaIIy a domonslralivo pronoun bul occasionaIIy (as loro) il is porsonaI.
5
|mcm| |!|, abIalivo. |!| tuii|ii is llo usuaI idiom for rocovoring from an iIInoss.
6
1c, accusalivo. Nolo llal llo agonl of pcripucc|cqqsi musl bo 'you' (singuIar), and llal llo agonl of upcscn|cmiit musl lloroforo aIso bo llo
socond porson singuIar.
7
Ior ||cnc ||cm, soo Wardor p.46.
8
Nolo llal Maurico WaIslo's lransIalion loro, in 'Tlus I Havo Hoard', is in orror.
9
Again llo usuaI IaIi idiom for llinking (soo Wardor p.56) bul nolo llal llo vorb 'lo bo' is loro in llo oplalivo lonso, llus 'lo migll ...'.
1O
Tlo quolalion markor ii loro marks a llougll or a porcoplion, soo Wardor p.36 and NCRI I 3.3.
11
Siq, 'vouId ... bo'.
12
Tlo conloxl is llo Buddla sloving llal a 'soIf' cannol bo villoul fooIing/oxporionco. Tlo ii in csmii donolos an idoa, porcoplion, or llougll,
soo Wardor p.36 & NCRI I 3.3.
13
Mc couId loro bo inslrumonlaI, dalivo, or gonilivo!
14
Nc |c ci, soo Wardor pp.85-86.
15
scncnc nimcnicii, Iil. 'invilod (mo) vill a soal'. Ior llis inslrumonlaI conslruclion soo Wardor p.46.
16
Imporalivo llird porson pIuraI. Tlis is a caso of a llird porson vorb boing usod in addrossing somoono, llis boing a poIilo form of addross. In
lloso casos il is nol cIoar vlollor ||cnic slouId bo undorslood as nominalivo or vocalivo, llo form aIIovs oillor inlorprolalion. Tlo vocalivo is
normaIIy usod vill socond porson vorbs bul poIilo addross may bo an oxcoplion lo llis ruIo. AIlornalivoIy, llo nominalivo may bo usod loro as
an indirocl bul poIilo form of addross, llo vocalivo maybo boing considorod loo famiIiar.
17
Kusc|cm !|cmmcm, Iil. 'a good lling' or 'a good quaIily'.
18
Pcrcssc rcccqqc, rcccii lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.68.
19
Pcrc. Bocauso of llo ropolilion of pcrc loro (pcrc pcrcssc) ono musl lransIalo 'ono ... anollor', soo ILD.
2O
Kcrisscii, Iil. 'viII (ono) do'. Soo aIso DI undor |crcii.
21
Pcrcssc, dalivo.
22
Tlis is a rloloricaI quoslion moaning il is usoIoss lo loIp anybody. Tlis vas a vrong viov according lo llo Buddla.
23
Scqqci| pi nmc.
24
Uii|q'scn = uii|qc + scn, Iil. 'laving gol up from llo soal'. 'My' is impIiod in llo IaIi, soo Wardor p.89.
25
|mcm ... pc|cm, 'llis quoslion'.
26
K|cmcqqc, 'il migll pIoaso', llird porson, lakos llo dalivo ic, 'you'.
27
1ci|, 'llus', is llo corroIalivo of qci|, 'as'. Yci| inlroducos llo roIalivo cIauso and ici| llo domonslralivo cIauso. Soo Wardor pp.7O-72 and
292-293.
28
scncnc nimcnicii, again soo Wardor p.46. Ncm is an aIlornalivo lo icm, soo Wardor p.116.
29
Ccn!c-gg|c is a lappurisa compound, soo Wardor p.92.
3O
Nc ... |i ci, 'nolling', soo Wardor p.86.
31
Pc||jcii, 'lo causos lo go forll', llus 'lo banislos'.
13
Exercise 15

Passage Inr reading
1
(D II 35O,8-18)

Tloy boll,
2
laving lakon a Ioad of lomp, approaclod a corlain silo of a viIIago. Tloro lloy sav mucl
abandonod lomp-llroad
3
. Having soon (il) llo friond addrossod llo friond: ''Ior vlicl purposo,
4
my doar, vo
vouId dosiro lomp, (for llal purposo) loro
5
is mucl abandonod lomp-llroad. Nov, my doar, you llrov avay llo
Ioad of lomp
6
, and I viII llrov avay llo Ioad of lomp
7
. Wo boll, laving lakon a Ioad of lomp-llroad
8
, viII go
9
.''
''Tlis Ioad of lomp, my doar, las boon carriod vill difficuIly
1O
and las boon voII-liod-up
11
by mo
12
.

Il is onougl for
mo,
13
you undorsland!'' Tlon llal friond,
14
laving llrovn avay llo Ioad of lomp, look a Ioad of lomp-llroad.

TransIate intn EngIish

Nov,
15
bralmin, Iislon! (D I 124,19)
You don'l undorsland llis doclrino and discipIino
16
! I undorsland llis doclrino and discipIino! (D III 117,7-9)
Tlo Tallgala vas born loro. (D II 14O,2O)
Wlo migll quickIy
17
undorsland llis doclrino` (D II 4O,5-6)
Somoono givos a gifl lo an ascolic or bralmin
18
, (sucl as) food, drink, a garmonl, a carriago, a garIand, porfumo, and
cosmolics,
19
a bod, room, and Iamp
2O
. (D III 259,3-5)
Bul, Sir, vlo knovs`
21
Tlo sonso pIoasuros
22
aro inloxicaling. (D II 234,1O-11)
Iind oul:
23
vlollor llo roporl (sc!!c) is dissominalod
24
vill roforonco lo llal HonourabIo Golama
25
roaIIy (qctc)
boing
26
llus, or vlollor (llo roporl is dissominalod vill roforonco lo llal HonourabIo Golama boing) nol
llus.
27
(D I 88,22-24)
Wlon lo is knoving llus (and) sooing llus,
28
llo mind is frood
29
from llo oulfIoving of sonsuaI pIoasuro
1
, llo mind
is frood from llo oulfIoving of oxislonco, and (pi) llo mind is frood from llo oulfIoving of ignoranco. (D I 84,8-
1O)

1
Ior furllor oxpIanalions lo llo prosonl passago, soo passago for roading oxorciso 14.
2
U||c, 'boll', is a pIuraI numoraI funclioning as an adjoclivo lo ic, 'lloy'.
3
Sncsuiicm = snc ('lomp') + suiicm ('llroad'), anollor lappurisa compound, probabIy vill abIalivo inlornaI slrucluro, i.o. 'llroad Irnm lomp'.
4
Or 'for vlicl sako', qcssc cii|qc, dalivo of purposo. Soo Wardor p.68.
5
|!cm can bo road as an indocIinabIo, as I do (cf. Wardor foolnolo p.75), or as a pronoun, 'llis'.
6
I.o., your Ioad of lomp.
7
I.o., my Ioad of lomp.
8
Sncsuiicm||rcm, a lappurisa compound villin a lappurisa compound, i.o. 'llroad from lomp' villin 'a Ioad of lomp-llroad', llus 'a Ioad
of llroad from lomp'.
9
Gccc|issmc, again fuluro of docision/dolorminalion, soo Wardor p.55.
1O
Dur||cic = !u(r) + ||cic, 'lard-carriod'. Tlo profix !u(r) las a nogalivo connolalion, soo Wardor p.98.
11
Suscnnc!!|c = su + scnnc!!|c. Tlo profix su (llo opposilo of !u(r)) las a posilivo connolalion, again soo Wardor p.98.
12
Mc is llo agonl of llo passivo sonlonco. Nolo llal llo ono mc loro sooms lo roIalo lo boll pasl parlicipIos, i.o. 'las boon carriod vill difficuIly
by mo and las boon voII-liod-up by mo'.
13
A|cm mc. Mc is dalivo bocauso c|cm lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.68.
14
I.o., llo firsl friond.
15
1cnc |i signifios an admonilion, soo Wardor p.94.
16
D|cmmctincqcm, dvanda compound. Nolo llal aIllougl llo compound las lvo mombors, il is loro usod as a coIIoclivo noun noulor and
llus is infIoclod in llo singuIar, soo Wardor p.97. Tlo pronoun imcm is lloroforo aIso singuIar.
17
K|ippcm is oflon foIIovod by ctc vlicl sIigllIy aIlors llo moaning lo somolling Iiko 'roaIIy quickIy'.
18
Dalivo.
19
M|gcn!|cti|cpcncm = m| + gcn!|c + ti|cpcncm, a llroo oIomonl dvanda compound, coIIoclivo singuIar noulor, soo Wardor p.97.
2O
Scqqtcsci|cpc!pcqqcm = scqqc + tcsci|c + pc!pcqqc, anollor llroo oIomonl dvanda compound.
21
Tlo conloxluaI moaning is 'vlo knovs vlal viII lappon`'
22
Kmc is nol jusl any pIoasuro in Buddlisl usago, bul spocificaIIy llo pIoasuro of llo sonsos.
23
jn|i is usuaIIy lransIalod 'knov', bul loro moans 'gol lo knov' and llus 'find oul', soo ILD. }udging from llo conloxl of llo IaIi in llo sulla
(i.o., scmcncm Gcicmcm jn|i), jn|i loro sooms lo form a cIauso of ils ovn, lloroforo llo coIon.
24
A|||uggcic is a pasl parlicipIo prodicalod of sc!!c, funclioning Iiko an adjoclivo, soo Wardor p.61.
25
1cm ||ctcnicm Gcicmcm I lako lo bo an accusalivo of 'spocificalion of slalo' (soo Wardor pp.17-18) and llus I lransIalo 'vill roforonco lo ...'.
(Tlis is aIso llo Com. inlorprolalion.)
26
Scnicm, prosonl parlicipIo of cii|i agrooing vill Gcicmcm, soo Wardor p.47.
27
I.o., find oul vlollor llo roporl dissominalod aboul llo HonourabIo Golama is lruo or nol. Tlis sonlonco is roaIIy far loo compIox lo bo
inlroducod al llis slago of a IaIi courso!
28
Gonilivo absoIulo. Boll jncic and pcsscic aro prosonl parlicipIos in llo gonilivo caso. Nolo llal llo agonl of llo gonilivo absoIulo cIauso, icssc,
loro agroos vill lvo gonilivo parlicipIos.
29
Vimucccii, passivo.
14
Wlalovor
2
is subjocl lo originalion
3
, aII llal is subjocl lo cossalion.
4
(D II 41,2O-21)
Tloro is no non-doall for ono vlo las boon born.
5
(D II 246,16)

TransIate intn PaIi

Ycm c|cm jnmi, icm itcm jnsi, qcm itcm jnsi, icm c|cm jnmi. (D I 88,8-1O)
A|cm 8|cgctcic ||siicm (or tcccncm) jnmi. (D I 184,3O-31)
Ycm c|cm tq|crissmi, icm ||ippcm ctc jnisscii. (D II 15O,16-17)
Sc cpcrcnc scmcqcnc
6
criqcm !|cmmcm

sunii. (D II 214,11-12)
8|cgct pciicctcrcm
8
!qc Rjcgc|cm pin]qc ptisi. (D III 18O,9-1O)
A|cm ncn!c, m pcri!ctcsi.

(D II 144,1O)
Sc pcjnii. 'imc scii |qc!ucccriicnc scmcnngci'.
10
(D I 82,25-29)
1cm tccm (or ||siicm or tcccncm) cnuggcn|cnic
11
pc||mim. (D I 53,13-14)
Kcsm
12
i!cm scmcncnc Gcicmcnc ctq|cicm
13
(Cf. D I 188,32)
1um|c cgrcsm cncgriqcm pc||cjii.
14
(D III 84,14-15)

Exercise 16

Passage 1
15
(D II 35O,19 - 351,21)

Tloy approaclod a corlain silo of a viIIago. Tloro lloy sav mucl abandonod fIax. Having soon (il) olc. mucl
abandonod fIax-llroad. Having soon (il) olc. olc. mucl abandonod goId. Having soon (il) llo friond addrossod llo
friond: ''Ior vlicl purposo, my doar, vo vouId dosiro lomp, lomp-llroad ... Ioad, or siIvor, (for llal purposo) loro
is mucl abandonod goId. Nov, my doar, you llrov avay llo Ioad of lomp, and I viII llrov avay llo Ioad of
siIvor. Wo boll, laving lakon a Ioad of goId, viII go.'' ''Tlis Ioad of lomp, my doar, las boon carriod vill difficuIly
and las boon voII liod up by mo. Il is onougl for mo, you undorsland! ...

Passage 2 (D II 347,9 - 348,1)

Onco upon a limo, a corlain pig-broodor
16
man vonl
17
from lis ovn viIIago
18
lo anollor viIIago. Tloro lo sav
mucl abandonod dry dung
19
. Having soon (il), lo llougll llis
2O
: ''Tlis is mucl abandonod dry dung for mo
21
, and a

1
Kmsct = |mc ('sonsuaI pIoasuro') + sctc ('oulfIoving') + -onding (abIalivo), a gonilivo lappurisa compound, llo compound as a vloIo
boing abIalivo. 8|ctsct and ctijjsct aro slruclurod in llo samo vay.
2
Ycm |i ci, soo Wardor p.85.
3
Scmu!cqc!|cmmcm = scmu!cqc ('originalion') + !|cmmc. D|cmmc al llo ond of a compound las llo sonso of 'naluro of', 'subjocl lo', soo CDB
p.44.
4
Again nolo llo roIalivo cIauso/domonslralivo cIauso conslruclion, oacl cIauso boing 'oqualionaI'.
5
jcicssc, dalivo pasl parlicpIo. Nolo llo 'porsonaIisod' form of llo parlicipIo, i.o. 'ono vlo las boon born' rallor llan jusl 'las boon born'. Tlis
is a common foaluro of IaIi pasl parlicipIos (and prosonl parlicipIos), soo NCRI V 5.2.
6
Apcrcnc scmcqcnc, 'aflor somo limo', soo Wardor p.45.
7
Wardor rondors criqcm !|cmmcm as 'oxcoIIonl doclrino'. Ollor vords for oxcoIIonl couId bo c||i||cnicm or pcnicm.
8
Dvanda compound.
9
A|cm, 'slop', soo Wardor p.68. M pcri!ctcsi, 'don'l griovo', soo Wardor p.31. Tlo ITS loxl acluaIIy las pcri!cti vlicl may bo an aIlornalivo
form of llo aorisl. Again nolo llo combinalion of aorisl vill m.
1O
Scmcnngcic + inslrumonlaI, soo Wardor p.44. Kqc!ucccriicnc = |qc + !ucccriic, a lappurisa compound (!ucccriic = !u(r) ('bad') + ccriic
('conducl')).
11
Anuggcn|cnic, 'nol-momorising', nogalivo prosonl parlicipIo of uggcn|ii. 'Nol grasping' or 'nol undorslanding' migll bo a bollor lransIalion
considoring llo conloxl in llo sulla. AIso nolo lov an m (loro of tcccm, bul aIso fivo Iinos up of ||ippcm) can clango lo m vlon a vovoI, loro c,
foIIovs in cIoso junclion, soo Wardor p.217.
12
Soo Wardor p.89.
13
Atq|cicm is llo nogalivo pasl parlicipIo of tq|crcii.
14
Agrcsm, abIalivo. Agrcsm pc||cjii, soo Wardor p.89. Pc||cjii, pIuraI nominalivo agrooing vill ium|c, 'you'.
15
Ior nolos on llo prosonl passago, soo passago for roading oxorciso 14 and 15.
16
S|crcpcsc|c = s|crc ('pig') + pcsc|c ('broodor'). Tlis compound is slruclurod Iiko a gonilivo lappurisa compound ('broodor of pigs') bul il is
in facl a balubbli compound acling Iiko an adjoclivo lo purisc, soo Wardor p.137.
17
Agcmsi, aorisl.
18
Sc|cm| gm, abIalivo.
19
Su|||cgi|cm = su|||c ('dry') + gi|cm ('dung'), kammadlraya compound, i.o., su|||c is an adjoclivo quaIifying gi|cm. Soo Wardor p.1O8.
2O
Again llo slandard IaIi idiom for llinking, soo Wardor p.56.
21
Mc, dalivo. Il can aIso bo road as gonilivo.
15
moaI for my pigs
1
. Wlal nov if I
2
voro lo carry llo dry dung from loro
3
`'' Ho, laving sproad oul llo cIoak
4
, l
aving folclod mucl dry dung, laving bound a bundIo, laving Iiflod (il) up
5
on llo load, vonl.
6
WliIsl on lis vay,
7

a groal
8
unlimoIy cIoud
9
rainod loaviIy
1O
. Ho vonl
11
, smoarod
12
vill dung as far as llo lip of llo naiI
13
, laving lakon
llo oozing (and) dripping
14
Ioad of dung. Tlon
15
poopIo laving soon lim (cncm) said llis
16
: ''I say, aron'l
17
you
mad
18
! - (or) porlaps
19
dafl` Ior lov can you, smoarod
2O
vill dung as far as llo lip of llo naiI, carry
21
an oozing
(and) dripping Ioad of dung`'' ''In llis caso (cii|c), I say, you aro mad, you aro dafl, for lruIy (ici| |i pcnc) il is a
moaI for my pigs!''

TransIate intn PaIi

Tlo BIossod Ono vas dvoIIing
22
in Rjagala
23
. (D I 47,1-2)
Tloso, llo moon and llo sun,
24
aro in anollor vorId, nol in llis (vorId).
25
(D II 319,23-24)
Will roforonco lo vlal
26
is your
27
quarroI, vill roforonco lo vlal is llo dispulo` (D I 237,7-8)
Wlon llis lad boon said,
28
a corlain minislor of llo King
29
said llis lo llo King. (D I 47,14-15)
By lim (icnc) nov (!ni) nol Iong il viII bo Iivod.
3O
(D II 138,16)
By llo lonourabIo King llal rogrol slouId nol bo dono.
31
(D I 138,16)
Bul (pcnc), Iolllapda, llis (cicm) slouId nol bo soon
32
llus. (D I 196,6-7)
Somo businoss
33
(|crcnqcm) or ollor
34
aroso
35
. (D II 34O,14)
Tlis is lo bo pursuod, llis is nol lo bo pursuod.
36
(D II 223,1-2)

TransIate intn PaIi (D I 117,28 - 118,11)

1
Mcmc-cc s|crc||ciicm. S|crc||ciicm = s|crc + ||ciicm ('moaI') is a lappurisa compound 'moaI for llo pigs'. Nolo lov 'my', mcmc, las lo
bo insorlod inlo llo middIo of llo compound for llo oxprossion lo bo cIoar in LngIisl.
2
Ycn nn|cm = qcn (=qcm) nnc c|cm. Ior qcn nnc, soo Wardor p.94.
3
|ic, abIalivo.
4
Uiicrscngc = uiicrc ('uppor') + scngc ('robo'), a kammadlraya compound vloro uiicrc is an adjoclivo lo scngc, soo Wardor p.1O8.
5
U|||cit, soo DI.
6
Tlo iniliaI sc, 'lo', is loro llo agonl of a sorios of fivo vorbs.
7
1cssc cnicr mcggc. Anicr lakos llo Iocalivo (soo ILD) and cnicr mcggc is a common oxprossion moaning 'on llo vay' or 'vliIsl on llo vay',
soo DI. Tlo oxacl funclion of llo gonilivo (icssc) oIudos mo, bul llo givon lransIalion is al Ioasl vory convonionl! AIlornalivoIy il may bo roIalod
lo llo vorb ptcssi.
8
Mc|, nominalivo singuIar.
9
A||cmcg|c = c||c ('unlimoIy') + mcg|c ('cIoud'), a kammadlraya compound vloro c||c is an adjoclivo lo mcg|c, soo Wardor p.1O8.
1O
Ptcssi, aorisl of pctcsscii.
11
Agcmsi, aorisl.
12
Mc|||iic, agroos vill sc, i.o., lo vas smoarod.
13
Aggcnc|| sooms lo bo a lappurisa compound vill an idiomalic rovorsaI of llo lvo mombors: for 'lip of llo naiI' ono vouId normaIIy oxpocl
nc||cggc. Tlo compound as a vloIo is in llo abIalivo caso (llus onding in ) as roquirod by qtc, soo Wardor p.91.
14
Tvo prosonl parlicipIos quaIifying 'Ioad of dung'. Nolo llo caso, numbor, and gondor agroomonl.
15
1cm, is oillor an indocIinabIo (as I lavo road il) or il sorvos lo omplasiso cncm, 'llal lim', paraIIoI lo sc'|cm (=sc c|cm), soo Wardor p.29.
16
|tcm. Again, vlon roforring lo somolling vlicl immodialoIy foIIovs, 'llis' sooms a suilabIo lransIalion, soo DI.
17
Kccci nc. Tlo nogalivo parlicIo nc is an omplalic form of nc.
18
Ummciic (and llon tcccic) agroo vill itcm, aII nominalivo singuIar.
19
Kccci. Nolo llal I lavo lransIalod |ccci difforonlIy on llo lvo occasions.
2O
Mc|||iic nov agroos vill 'you', llo agonl of |crisscsi.
21
Kci|cm |i nmc ... |crisscsi. Kci|cm |i nmc lakos llo fuluro (soo Wardor p.55), bul llo ovoraII sonso is indignalion/disapprovaI. Tlus llo
fuluro lonso is Iosl on lransIalion.
22
Tlis is a common oponing of sullas. Il is anollor oxampIo of llo prosonl lonso (ti|crcii) boing usod as llo 'lisloric prosonl', soo Wardor p.12.
23
Rjcgc|c, Iocalivo.
24
A dvanda compound. Nolo llal in llis caso llo onding of llo compound is pIuraI (nominalivo), rofIocling llo facl llal llo compound
conlains lvo iloms. |mc, vlicl quaIifios and agroos vill ccn!imcsuriq, is lloroforo aIso pIuraI. Tlo sun and llo moon voro considorod lo bo
!ctcs, boings (or gods) vlicl oxisl in anollor vorId.
25
Again nolo lov llo vorb 'lo bo' is missing in llo IaIi and noods lo bo suppIiod on lransIalion. Tlo samo is lruo of llo noxl sonlonco.
26
Kismim, Iocalivo of roforonco, (from |im), soo Wardor p.1O2.
27
Vc, gonilivo caso.
28
|tcm tuiic is usuaIIy rogardod as a Iocalivo absoIulo ovon llougl lloro is no pronoun as is normaIIy roquirod in sucl oxprossions, soo
Wardor p.1O3. Tlo pronoun in llis caso may bo rogardod as 'impIiod' by llo parlicipIo, soo NCRI VIII 3.
29
Rjmcccc = rj + cmcccc ('minislor'), gonilivo lappurisa compound.
3O
jtiic||cm ('lo bo Iivod') + ||ctisscii (il viII bo') = 'il viII bo Iivod'. Tlis is a sIigllIy compIicalod oxampIo of llo fuluro passivo parlicipIo + llo
vorb 'lo bo' forming a 'poriplraslic' conslruclion, soo Wardor pp.1O7 and 236.
31
Kcrcnqc, 'slouId bo dono', fuluro passivo parlicipIo, soo Wardor p.1O6. An idiom oxprossing llal llo King nood nol fooI romorso.
32
Or 'slouId nol bo rogardod (llus)'. Dcii|c||cm, fuluro passivo parlicipIo, soo Wardor p.1O5.
33
Kcrcnqcm, again a fuluro passivo parlicipIo bul loro usod as a noulor noun, soo Wardor p.1O6.
34
Ki ci! ctc, 'somo ... or ollor', soo DI.
35
Uppcjji is llo aorisl of uppcjjcii. A common aIlornalivo aorisl form of uppcjjcii is u!cp!i.
36
Roforring lo rigll praclicos and vrong praclicos, i.o. according lo llo Buddla's loaclings.
16

A|cm cc tc ||c pcnc scmcncm Gcicmcm pc|cm pucc|cqqcm, icirc
1
cc mcm scmcnc Gcicmc ctcm tc!cqqc
2
: ''Nc
c'csc
3
|r|mcnc pc|c ctcm pucc|iic||c, ctcm nm'csc |r|mcnc pc|c pucc|iic||c''ii, icnc mcm cqcm pcris pcri||ctcqqc.
''8|c Scnc!cn]c |r|mcnc ctqciic, nsc|||i
4
scmcncm Gcicmcm qcnisc pc|cm pucc|iiun''-ii.
Mcm cc tc ||c pcnc scmcnc Gcicmc pc|cm pucc|cqqc, icssc c|cm pc|cssc tcqq|crcncnc ciiicm nc r!|cqqcm.
1circ cc mcm Scmcnc Gcicmc ctcm tc!cqqc. ''Nc c'csc |r|mcnc pc|c ctcm tq|ic||c, ctcm nm'csc |r|mcnc pc|c
tq|ic||c''ii, icnc mcm cqcm pcris pcri||ctcqqc. ''8|c Scnc!cn]c |r|mcnc ctqciic, nsc|||i scmcncssc Gcicmcssc
pc|cssc tcqq|crcncnc ciiicm r!|ciun''-ii.

Exercise 17

Passage Inr reading (D II 342,2O - 343,7)

Onco upon a limo a groal caravan of carls
5
vlicl lad a llousand carls
6
vonl from llo oaslorn counlry lo llo
voslorn counlry. Wlorovor
7
il vonl
8,
il quickIy oxlauslod grass, slicks, and valor
9
, (and) llo groonory
1O
. Nov in
llal caravan voro lvo caravan-morclanls, ono lad fivo lundrod carls
11
, (and) ono
12
lad fivo lundrod carls. Tlon
lloso caravan-morclanls llougll llis:
13
''Tlis is a groal caravan of carls vlicl las a llousand carls. Wlorovor vo
14

go, il quickIy oxlausls llo grass, slicks, and valor, (and) llo groonory. Wlal if (qcn nnc) vo voro lo divido llis
caravan in lvo, (vill) fivo lundrod carls on oillor sido.

TransIate intn EngIish

Nov bralmin Iislon, I viII spoak. (D I 124,19)
I broallo in Iong
15
. (D II 291,7)
Do nol go lvo by ono (vay)
16
. (D II 45,32)
OnIy
17
laving soon llal BIossod Ono Golama,
18
viII vo go.
19
(D I 151,4-5)
Tlo gods aro soalod logollor
2O
in llo assombIy laII. (D II 225,1O-11)
Didn'l lo loar
21
sounds
22
vlicl voro roaIIy (ctc) oxisling
23
, or vlicl voro non-oxisling`
24
(D I 152,25-28)
Bul I viII go forll from lomo
25
lo lomoIossnoss. (D III 64,11-13)

1
Samo as icii|c.
2
Vc!cqqc moans 'voro lo say' rallor llan Wardor's 'voro lo ask'.
3
|sc is oquivaIonl lo csc. Il is a 'doiclic' pronoun, i.o. a pronoun of prosonco, soo Wardor p.29.
4
Nc + csc|||i. Asc|||i is aorisl of sc||cii.
5
Sc|cicscii|c = sc|cic ('carl') + scii|c ('caravan'), lappurisa compound, soo Wardor pp.77-78. Nolo lov llo firsl vord in llo compound is in ils
slom form bul llo moaning may bo oillor singuIar or pIuraI doponding on llo conloxl.
6
Sc|cicsc|csscm, gonilivo lappurisa compound, Iil. 'a llousand of carls', soo Wardor p.117. Nolo llal llis vord is nol an adjoclivo lo sc|cicscii|c
bocauso lloy don'l agroo in gondor. Rallor llo lvo vords aro nouns in apposilion, i.o. quaIifying oacl ollor. Tlis is simiIar lo noun + adjoclivo
oxcopl llal llo lvo nouns rolain lloir ovn gondors.
7
Ycnc qcnc, soo Wardor p.73.
8
Gccc|cii, and boIov pcriq!iqcii olc., is lisloric prosonl lonso. Soo Wardor p.12.
9
1inc|cii|c!c|cm = iinc + |cii|c + u!c|cm, a llroo mombor (or doubIo) dvanda compound, soo Wardor p.97.
1O
Iil. 'llo groon coIour', |criic|ctcnncm = |criic|c ('groon') + tcnncm ('coIour'). Hcriic|c is an adjoclivo quaIifying tcnncm and llus llis is a
kammadlraya compound, soo Wardor p.1O8.
11
Gonilivo donoling ovnorslip or possossion, soo Wardor p.55. Ior lloso numoraI oxprossions soo Wardor p.117.
12
I.o., llo ollor.
13
1cscm scii|ct|ncm cic! c|csi, again llo slandard idiom lo oxpross llinking, soo Wardor p. 56.
14
1c mcqcm, omplalic 'vo', soo Wardor p.29.
15
Dg|cm loro funclions as an advorb, i.o. il quaIifios llo vorb. Soo Wardor p.116.
16
Agcmiii|c is llo socond porson pIuraI aorisl of gccc|cii (soo Wardor p.64). Togollor vill m il forms a nogalivo injunclion or prolibilion, soo
Wardor p.31. Dtc, 'lvo', is an adjoclivo llal agroos vill llo agonl, 'you' pIuraI. IossibIy !tc can bo road as an advorb, i.o. il oxprossos 'lov'
lloy slouId (nol) go (maybo 'do nol go as a pair', soo ILD).
17
Vc = ctc, omplalic.
18
I.o., onIy vlon vo lavo soon lim.
19
Tlis moaning is roquirod by llo conloxl in llo Sulla. Ollorviso llo moaning couId aIso lavo boon: 'laving soon (somoono or somolling), vo
viII go lo llal BIossod Ono Golama.
2O
Scnnisinnc is llo pasl parlicipIo of scnnis!cii, 'soalod logollor', soo ILD.
21
Nsscsi = nc + csscsi, csscsi boing llo aorisl of sunii, soo Wardor p.7O.
22
Nolo llal sc!!ni is noulor vloroas Wardor las sc!!c as a mascuIino noun. Somolimos nouns in IaIi aro nol fuIIy consislonl as lo gondor.
Nsscsi = nc + csscsi.
23
Scnini, prosonl parlicipIo of cii|i, soo Wardor p.47. Il agroos vill sc!!ni Iiko an adjoclivo, i.o. 'sounds vlicl voro oxisling'.
24
I.o., llo facl llal lo did nol loar any sounds, vas llal duo lo lloro boing no sounds lo bo loard`
25
Agrcsm, abIalivo.
17
Wlicl fivo`
1
(D II 85,14)
In rogard lo sonsuaI pIoasuros, vrong
2
slouId nol bo praclisod
3
. (D III 62,18)
If
4
your lonour is lappy, llon
5
vo aro lappy, if your lonour is unlappy, llon vo aro unlappy.
6
(D II 233,7-9)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (D I 12O,1O -124,1O)

Pccc|i cngc|i scmcnngcicm |r|mcn |r|mcncm pcpcnii ... (D I 12O,1O-11)
|mcscm pcccnncm cngncm tcnncm i|cpcqmc

. Kim |i tcnnc |crisscii ... (D I 12O,32-34)

''1iii|ci|c ium|c, Scnc!cn]c |r|mcnc mcq sc!!|im mcnici'' ii. |tcm tuiic Scnc!cn]c |r|mcnc 8|cgctcnicm cic!
ctccc. ''1iii|ciu ||ctcm Gcicmc, iun| ||ctcm Gcicmc |ciu, c|cm ctc icscm sc|c !|cmmcnc pciitcccncm |crissm''
ii. Ai|c ||c Scnc!cn]c |r|mcnc ic |r|mcnc cic! ccctc. ''M ||ctcnic ctcm ctccuii|c. 'Apctc!ci'ctc ||ctcm
Scnc!cn]c tcnncm, cpctc!cii mcnic, c|cmscnc ||ctcm Scnc!cn]c scmcncss'ctc Gcicmcssc t!cm cnupc|||cn!ci' ii.
''N|cm ||c cpctc!mi tcnncm t mcnic t'' ii. (D I 122,19 - 123,2)
1cnc ||c pcnc scmcqcnc Scnc!cn]cssc |r|mcncssc ||gincqqc Angc|c nmc mnctc|c icsscm prisqcm nisinnc |cii. ...
(D I 123,3-5)
''Pcsscnii ||cnic imcm Angc|cm mnctc|cm cm||cm ||gincqqcn''-ii ''|tcm ||c''. (D I 123,6-8)
Ycii|c s|cm icii|c pc, qcii|c pc icii|c s|cm. (D I 124,2-3)
''S|c-pcnc
8
(-cc pcnc) |c|csmim cggcm c|||qci'' ii. (D I 124,9-1O)

Exercise 18

Passage 1 (D II 348,19 - 349,7)

Onco upon a limo lvo gambIors gambIod vill dico. Ono gambIor svaIIovod llo unIucky dio oacl limo il
camo. Tlo socond gambIor sav llal gambIor svaIIoving
9
llo unIucky dio oacl limo il camo. Having soon (il), lo
said llis lo llo gambIor: ''Doar, you vin concIusivoIy, |130]
1O
doar, givo (mo) llo dico, I slaII mako a volivo
offoring.'' Saying
11
''yos doar'', llal gambIor landod ovor llo dico lo llal gambIor
12
. Tlon llal gambIor laving
lroalod llo dico vill poison, said llis lo llal gambIor: ''Como doar, Iol us gambIo
13
vill dico.'' Saying ''yos, doar'',
llal gambIor consonlod lo llal gambIor
14
. AIso (pi) a socond limo
15
lloso gambIors gambIod vill dico, (and) aIso a
socond limo llal gambIor svaIIovod llo unIucky dio oacl limo il camo. Tlo socond gambIor sav llal gambIor, aIso
for llo socond limo, svaIIoving llo unIucky dio oacl limo il camo. Having soon (il), lo said llis lo llal gambIor:

''Smoarod vill llo liglosl poloncy,
Tlo svaIIoving
16
man knovs nol llo dio,
17

SvaIIov, damn you, svaIIov oviI gambIor
18
,
Aflorvards lloro viII bo billornoss
19
for you
2O
.''

1
Kcicmc is a pronominaI adjoclico, soo Wardor p.74.


2
Kmcsu, I road il as a Iocalivo of roforonco, lloroforo 'in rogard lo sonsuaI pIoasuros ...', soo Wardor pp.1OO-1O1. Wardor lroals micc| as a noun,
'vrong', vlicl I foIIov, bul il is usuaIIy undorslood lo bo an advorb, 'vrongIy'.
3
Ccriic||, fuluro passivo parlicipIo, soo Wardor pp.1O4-1O7.
4
Ycm as indocIinabIo.
5
1cm as indocIinabIo.
6
Nolo llal su||c and !u|||c loro aro adjoclivos, nol nouns, llal quaIify llo pronouns mcqcm and ||ctcm vlicl aro in llo nominalivo caso.
7
Imporalivo: 'Iol us oxcopl ...'.
8
According lo llo Commonlary s|c-pcncm - vlicl onding vouId bo a gonilivo pIuraI - is acluaIIy sc|c + pcncm vloro pcncm is a
noulor noun, soo aIso ILD. Tlis roading makos llo moaning of llo abovo plraso mucl moro lransparonl: 'Virluo-and-visdom (nominalivo
singuIar dvanda compound) is docIarod llo foromosl (cggcm, nominalivo) in llo vorId'. According lo Wardor cggc is a mascuIino noun, bul
according lo DI, vlicl I foIIov, il is noulor. Nolo llal llis is a passivo sonlonco.
9
Gi|cnicm, prosonl parlicipIo accusalivo agrooing vill icm c|||c!|uiicm, 'llal gambIor'. Kc|im, 'llo unIucky dio', is loro llo palionl of llo
prosonl parlicipIo.
1O
Tlo numbors in squaro brackols rofor lo llo pago numbors in Wardor's book and lavo boon incIudod for oaso of roforonco.
11
Tlo ii of llo IaIi (in ctcm scmm ii) indicalos llal somolling is boing said, soo Wardor pp.35-36.
12
Dalivo. Tlo vorb pc!cii (loro llo aorisl p!si) lakos llo dalivo.
13
Iil. 'vo viII gambIo'. Iuluro oxprossing dolorminalion or docision, soo Wardor p.55.
14
Dalivo. Pccccsscsi (aorisl of pciisunii) lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.68.
15
Duiiqcm, vlon usod advorbiaIIy in llo accusalivo caso, las llo sonso of 'for llo socond limo'/'a socond limo', soo ILD.
16
Gi|cm, prosonl parlicipIo nominalivo agrooing vill purisc, 'man'.
17
I.o., llo man doos nol roaIiso llal llo dio is smoarod vill llo liglosl poloncy (of poison).
18
Ppc!|uiic|c, kammadlraya compound, ppc boing an adjoclivo quaIifying !|uiic|c, soo Wardor p.1O8.
19
Or 'sovorily', |ciu|cm. Tlo poinl mado sooms lo bo llal lis aclions viII lavo sovoro rosuIls.
2O
1c, dalivo. Tlis is a dalivo of disadvanlago paraIIoI lo llo dalivo of advanlago, soo Wardor p.67.
18

Passage 2
1
(D III 59,1 - 63,16)

Onco upon a limo lloro vas a king namod DaIlanomi, a vlooI-lurning monarcl,
2
a jusl, Iav-abiding king
3

(D III 59,2) ... (D III 59,11) Tlon King DaIlanomi, aflor llo passago
4
of llousands of yoars
5
, addrossod a corlain man:
''Wlon, doar man, you slouId soo (llal)
6
llo loavonIy vlooI-gom
7
las rocodod
8
, las faIIon
9
from (ils) pIaco
1O
, llon
you slouId inform mo
11
.'' Saying ''yos, Siro'', llal man consonlod lo King DaIlanomi. Aflor llo passago of
llousands of yoars llal man sav (llal) llo loavonIy vlooI-gom lad rocodod
12
, lad faIIon from (ils) pIaco. Having
soon, lo approaclod King DaIlanomi,
13
(and) laving approaclod said llis lo King DaIlanomi
14
: ''Hoar Siro, you
slouId knov (llal) your
15
loavonIy vlooI-gom las rocodod, las faIIon from (ils) pIaco. Tlon King DaIlanomi
laving summonod
16
llo oIdosl son
17
, llo princo, said llis: ''Nov, doar princo, my loavonIy vlooI-gom las rocodod,
las faIIon from (ils) pIaco. Bul llis las boon loard
18
by mo
19
: 'Of vlicl vlooI-lurning monarcl
2O
llo loavonIy
vlooI-gom rocodos, faIIs from pIaco, by llal king il is nov nol Iong lo bo Iivod
21
'.
22
Human sonsuaI pIoasuros (|m)
lavo boon onjoyod
23
by mo, (il is) limo lo soarcl for loavonIy pIoasuros
24
. Como, doar princo, you bo inlonl on
25
llis
oarll. Bul I, laving slavod off lair and board, |131] laving pul on (ccc|!cit) llo brovn robos
26
, viII go forll from
lomo
27
lo lomoIossnoss.'' Tlon King DaIlanomi, laving proporIy
28
inslaIIod llo oIdosl son, llo princo, in llo
kingdom, laving slavod off lair and board, laving pul on llo brovn robos, vonl forll
29
from lomo lo
lomoIossnoss. Bul vlon llo royaI sago
3O
vas sovon days gono forll,
31
llo loavonIy vlooI-gom disappoarod. Tlon a
corlain man approaclod llo nobIo varrior king
32
, (and) laving approaclod, said llis lo llo nobIo varrior king:
''Hoar, Siro, you slouId knov (llal) llo loavonIy vlooI-gom las disappoarod.''

1
Nolo llal llis passago is sIigllIy abridgod in Wardor's book comparod lo llo ITS vorsion. Tloso abridgomonls aro gonoraIIy nol slovn.
2
Or 'omporor'. Cc||ctciii = cc||c ('vlooI') + tciii ('lurning'). Tlis is an adjoclivo (in facl a balubbli compound, soo Wardor p.137) quaIifying
rj, llus 'a vlooI-lurning king/monarcl'.
3
D|cmmcrj = !|cmmc + rj. I road llo compound as a kammadlraya (soo Wardor p.1O8) vill !|cmmc boing an adjoclivo quaIifying rj,
llus 'riglloous king' or 'Iav-abiding king'.
4
Acccqcnc, lakos llo gonilivo, soo Wardor p.45.
5
Soo Wardor p.117 for llo uso of llo numoraI sc|csscm.
6
Somolimos il is nocossary lo insorl pronouns or ollor vords, vlicl aro nol lloro in llo IaIi, lo mako llo LngIisl lransIalion al Ioasl
roasonabIy smooll. I aIvays uso paronllosos in sucl casos.
7
Cc||crcicncm = cc||c ('vlooI') + rcicncm ('jovoI'/'gom'), a kammadlraya compound. Il can bo inlorprolod as lvo nouns in apposilion, i.o.
quaIifying oacl ollor, 'a vlooI vlicl is a gom', or as a comparison, 'a vlooI Iiko a gom', soo Wardor pp.1O8-1O9.
8
Osc||iicm, pasl parlicipIo. Tloso parlicipIos usuaIIy lavo llo sonso of 'prosonl porfocl' (soo Wardor p.4O), llus 'las rocodod' rallor llan jusl
'rocodod'.
9
Cuicm, anollor pasl parlicipIo.
1O
{|n, abIalivo.
11
Mc, dalivo. Roquirod by llo vorb rcccii, soo Wardor p.68.
12
Osc|||iicm. Horo llo pasl parlicipIo is lransIalod as llo pasl porfocl (or pIuporfocl, i.o. 'had rocodod') bocauso llo sonlonco vorn c!!cs is
aIroady an aorisl. Hov llo pasl parlicipIo slouId bo lransIalod in any givon inslanco viII usuaIIy bo soIf-ovidonl, bul soo aIso Wardor pp.233-
24O.
13
Ycnc rj Dc||cncmi icn' upcscn|cmi, Iil. 'lovards King DaIlanomi llal vay lo approaclod'. Nolo llal in llis conslrucluion llo porson/lling
approaclod (loro rj Dc||cncmi) is in llo nominalivo duo lo qcnc laking llo nominalivo, soo Wardor p.14. Ycnc and icnc aro loro indocIinabIos.
14
Nolo lov propor namos lako caso ondings jusl Iiko any ollor nouns.
15
1c, gonilivo or dalivo. If dalivo ono couId lransIalo ''... llo loavonIy vlooIgom las rocodod for you'', dalivo of disadvanlago.
16
mcnipcit, Iil. 'laving causod lo bo addrossod'.
17
jcii|cpuiicm = jcii|c ('oIdosl') + puiicm ('son'), a kammadlraya compound vill jcii|c quaIifying puiicm, 'llo son vlo vas oIdosl'.
18
Suicm, 'las boon loard'. 'Has boon' is roquirod bocauso of llo passivo conslruclion of llis sonlonco. Again, llo prosonl porfocl aspocl of llo
aclion is slrossod, i.o. llal il las boon compIolod soo Wardor p.4O.
19
M'cicm = mc ('by mo') + cicm.
2O
Ycssc rcc cc||ctciiissc, again gonilivo or dalivo.
21
Ior llis conslruclion soo oxorciso 16.
22
Nolo llo roIalivo/domonslralivo conslruclion. Tlo roIalivo cIauso slarls vill qcssc rcc and llo domonslralivo cIauso vill nc !ni icnc rc,
icnc rc boing llo domonslralivo corroIalivo. Soo Wardor pp.7O-72.
23
8|uii, normaIIy moans 'lavo boon oalon' bul loro is usod idiomalicaIIy vill |m.
24
Di||c |cmc pcriqcsiium. Pcriqcsiium is an infinilivo, soo Wardor pp.134-136. Il lakos !i||c |cmc, accusalivo pIuraI, as ils palionl/objocl, soo
NCRI II 4.2.
25
Pciipcjjc, imporalivo socond porson singuIar, soo ILD. I.o. 'I viII focus on loavon, bul you musl focus on oarllIy mallors'.
26
Vciini, Iil. 'cIollos'.
27
Agrcsm, abIalivo.
28
S!|u|cm, indocIinabIo acling as an advorb, soo Wardor p.116.
29
Pc||cji, aorisl llird porson singuIar.
3O
Rjisi = rj ('king') + isi ('sago'). Tvo nouns in apposilion, i.o. quaIifying oacl ollor, 'llo king vlo vas a sago'.
31
I.o. 'vlon il vas sovon days sinco llo king vonl forll', Iocalivo absoIulo, soo Wardor p.1O3. Scii|cpc||cjiic = sciic ('sovon') + c|c ('days') +
pc||cjiic ('gono forll', pasl parlicipIo). Tlo compound is of llo balubbli lypo, soo Wardor pp.137-138.
32
Rj ||ciiiqc, roforring lo llo son. Again lvo nouns in apposilion, 'llo king vlo vas a nobIo varrior'.
19
Tlon, vlon llo loavonIy vlooI-gom lad disappoarod,
1
llo nobIo varrior king vas dislurbod. Ho
approaclod llo royaI sago, (and) laving approaclod, said llis lo llo royaI sago: ''Hoar, Siro, you slouId knov (llal)
llo loavonIy vlooI-gom las disappoarod.'' Wlon llis lad boon said
2
llo royaI sago said llis lo llo nobIo varrior
king: ''Bo nol
3
dislurbod, doar, vlon
4
llo loavonIy vlooI-gom las disappoarod. Ior llo loavonIy vlooI gom, doar,
is nol your (ic) palornaI inlorilanco. Horo, doar, conducl yoursoIf
5
in llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl
6
.
Il is possibIo
7
llal (qcn)
8
llo loavonIy vlooI gom viII appoar lo you
9
.'' ''Bul vlal (|cicmcm), Siro, is llis nobIo
conducl of llo vlooI-lurning monarcl`'' ''Nov doar, you, dopondonl on Dlamma, lonouring Dlamma,
vorslipping Dlamma, arrango
1O
riglloous safoly, sloIlor, and proloclion, vill roforonco lo subordinalo
11
nobIo
varriors, bralmins and lousoloIdors,
12
cily-dvoIIors and counlry-foIk, ascolics and bralmins, animaIs and birds
13
.
And doar, may llo doing of llo unIavfuI
14
nol procood
15
in your kingdom. And vlo (qc), doar, in your (ic) kingdom
migll bo villoul voaIll, lo llom you slouId granl monoy. And vlo, doar, in your kingdom aro ascolics and
bralmins vlo abslain
16
from llo caroIossnoss of inloxicalion
17
, laving approaclod llom (ic)
18
from limo lo limo
19
,
you slouId ask: 'Wlal, VonorabIo Sir, is vloIosomo, vlal is unvloIosomo, vlal boing dono
2O
by mo vouId bo for
misforluno (and) sufforing for a Iong limo
21
, or vlal boing dono by mo vouId bo for bonofil (and) lappinoss for a
Iong limo`' Having loard (il) of llom
22
, vlal
23
is unvloIosomo, llal you slouId avoid, vlal is vloIosomo, laving
undorlakon llal (icm), you slouId conducl yoursoIf (in il)
24
. Tlis, doar, is llal nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning
monarcl.'' Saying
25
''yos Siro'', llo nobIo varrior king laving consonlod lo llo royaI sago, conduclod limsoIf
26
in
llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl. WliIo lo vas conducling
27
limsoIf
28
in llo nobIo conducl of a
vlooI-lurning monarcl, llo loavonIy vlooI-gom appoarod. Having soon (il), llo nobIo varrior king llougll llis
29
:
''Nov, llis las boon loard by mo: 'Ior vlicl nobIo varrior king
3O
llo loavonIy |132] vlooI-gom appoars, lo
31
is a

1
Iocalivo absoIulo.
2
|tcm tuiic. Considorod a Iocalivo absoIulo dospilo lloro boing no agonl in llo Iocalivo caso agrooing vill tuiic. |tcm oflon las llo sonso of
roforring oillor lo somolling vlicl las jusl boon said or lo somolling aboul lo bo said. In lloso casos il is usuaIIy bosl lransIalod vill 'llis' or
'llal', soo DI.
3
M ... c|csi. M usuaIIy lakos llo aorisl (soo Wardor p.31) bul llo sonso is usuaIIy prosonl lonso rallor llan pasl.
4
I.o. 'bocauso'. A Iocalivo absoIulo cIauso foIIovs.
5
Vcii|i, imporalivo.
6
Cc||ctciiitciic = cc||ctciii ('vlooI-lurning monarcl') + tciic ('conducl'), a gonilivo lappurisa compound ('conducl nI'), llo ovoraII compound
boing Iocalivo ('in llo conducl of').
7
{|ncm ||c pcn'cicm tijjcii, Iil. 'nov llis caso oxisls'.
8
Ycn, boing a junclion form of qcm (loro usod as an indocIinabIo), occurs duo lo llo foIIoving vord ic, soo Wardor p.217.
9
1c, dalivo. Tlo vorb piu||ctcii, 'appoar', lakos llo dalivo of llo porson lo vlom, soo Wardor's vocabuIary.
1O
Scmti!c|cssu, imporalivo socond porson singuIar of llo 'middIo' conjugalion, soo Wardor pp.314-316.
11
Anuquiicsu, soo DI undor cnuqujcii. Tlis is a Iocalivo of roforonco. Il couId aIso lavo boon rondorod 'for', llis Iocalivo las a dalivo sonso.
12
8r|mcncgc|cpcii|csu. Tlis is oillor a dvanda compound, as I road il, or il couId bo inlorprolod as a kammadlraya compound,
'lousoloIdors vlo aro bralmins', i.o. 'bralmin lousoloIdors'. Nolo llal cnuquiicsu, 'subordinalo' (a pasl parlicipIo funclioning as an adjoclivo),
quaIifios |ciiiqcsu as voII as llis compound and llo llroo foIIoving onos. Soo Wardor pp.6O-61 for lov adjoclivos may quaIify moro llan ono
noun.
13
AII Iocalivo of roforonco.
14
A!|cmmc|rc, is a lappurisa compound vloro llo Iallor laIf of llo compound |rc is a 'bound' form, soo Wardor p.92. Nolo llal il is in llo
nominalivo and lloroforo llo agonl of llo sonlonco.
15
M ... pctciiiii|c, 'may ... nol procood'. M + llird porson singuIar aorisl (middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315), loro in llo sonso of a
nogalivo injunclion or visl, soo Wardor p.31.
16
Pciitirci, pasl parlicipIo funclioning as an adjoclivo, 'vlo aro abslaining from', agrooing vill scmcnc|r|mcn.
17
AbIalivo. Mc!cppcm! is oillor a lappurisa compound, i.o. 'llo caroIossnoss of inloxicalion', or a dvanda compound, i.o. 'inloxicalion and
caroIossnoss'. Tlo compound as a vloIo is in llo abIalivo caso (llus llo onding) vlicl is roquirod by pciitirci, 'abslain Irnm'.
18
Nolo llal llo roIalivo pronoun qc, 'vlo', inlroducing llo roIalivo cIauso is in llo nominalivo caso agrooing vill scmcnc|r|mcn, 'ascolics and
bralmins', vloroas llo domonslralivo pronoun ic, 'llom', inlroducing llo main cIauso (lo vlicl llo roIalivo pronoun rofors) is in llo
accusalivo caso, boing llo objocl of llo main cIauso, soo Wardor p.71 and p.291. In 'Tlus lavo I loard' llis las boon lransIalod vrongIy.
19
K|cnc ||cm, soo Wardor p.46.
2O
Kcqircmncm is a passivo prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill |im, 'vlal'.
21
Dg|crciicm, indocIinabIo usod advorbiaIIy.
22
I.o. 'from llom'.
23
Ycm, roIalivo pronoun agrooing vill llo domonslralivo pronoun icm, 'llal', vlicl foIIovs.
24
Nolo llal icm is llo objocl of boll scm!|qc and tciicqqsi.
25
Sinco ii marks quolod spoocl, ono can aIvays uso vords Iiko 'saying' olc. villoul adding lo llo IaIi.
26
Vciii, aorisl.
27
Vciicmncssc, prosonl parlicipIo. Tlo aclion of llo prosonl parlicipIo lakos pIaco simuIlanoousIy vill llo main aclion piurc|csi, vlicl is in
llo aorisl, llus 'was conducling', soo Wardor p.46.
28
1cssc ... tciicmncssc, gonilivo absoIulo.
29
Iil. 'of llo nobIo varrior king lloro vas llis', slandard idiom lo oxpross llinking, soo Wardor p.56.
3O
Ycssc rcc ||ciiiqcssc, probabIy dalivo of advanlago, soo Wardor p.67. Somolimos il is difficuIl lo loII vlollor a parlicuIar conslruclion is
dalivo or gonilivo, soo Wardor p.69.
31
Again, nolo llo roIalivo/domonslralivo conslruclion. Tlo roIalivo pronoun qcssc inlroducos llo roIalivo cIauso and llo domonslralivo
pronoun sc llo domonslralivo cIauso. Tlo lvo pronouns agroo in numbor and gondor bul nol in caso, soo Wardor pp.7O-72.
20
vlooI-lurning monarcl'. Migll I bo a king vlo is a vlooI-lurning monarcl
1
`''
Tlon llal vlooI-gom rovoIvod
2
lo llo oaslorn diroclion, (and) jusl (ctc) bolind vas llo king vlo vas a
vlooI-lurning monarcl logollor vill
3
llo fourfoId
4
army. And (pcnc) in vliclovor
5
pIaco llo vlooI-gom slalionod
ilsoIf, lloro llo king vlo vas vlooI-lurning monarcl look up (upcgccc|i) camp, logollor vill llo fourfoId army.
And vlo voro onomy kings in llo oaslorn diroclion, lloy, laving approaclod llo king vlo vas a vlooI-lurning
monarcl, said llis: ''Como groal king, voIcomo lo you
6
groal king, il is your ovn
7
groal king, inslrucl (us) groal
king.'' Tlo king vlo vas a vlooI-lurning monarcl said llis: ''A boing slouId nol bo kiIIod. Tlo non-givon slouId
nol bo lakon. In rogard lo sonsuaI pIoasuros vrong slouId nol bo praclisod. IaIsolood slouId nol bo spokon.
AIcoloI slouId nol bo drunk. And consumo in modoralion.'' And vlo voro onomy kings in llo oaslorn diroclion,
lloy voro subordinalod
8
by llo king vlo vas a vlooI-lurning monarcl
9
... rovoIvod lo llo soullorn diroclion olc.
lo llo voslorn olc. lo llo norllorn olc. And vlo voro onomy kings in llo norllorn diroclion, lloy voro
subordinalod by llo king vlo vas a vlooI-lurning monarcl.

TransIate intn EngIish

}usl llo bralmin caslo is bosl. (D III 81,1O-11)
Having dono a man vill a man,
1O
jusl llo nobIo varriors aro bosl, llo bralmins aro inforior. (D I 98,8-9)
And al prosonl lloro oxisls no ollor ascolic or bralmin moro
11
spiriluaIIy Ioarnod
12
llan llo BIossod Ono
13
. (D III 99,8-9)
Ho culs off llo load vill a slarp svord. (D I 56,32)
I slouId nol oal rico or gruoI
14
. (D III 9,21-22)
I am llo supromo of llo vorId, I am llo oIdosl of llo vorId, I am llo bosl of llo vorId. (D II 15,1O-12)
Wo do nol knov moro llan llis. (D III 52,3O-31)
Tlis is inforior, llis is oxcoIIonl. (D II 223,2)
VonorabIo Sir, doos porcoplion ariso firsl
15
(and) knovIodgo aflorvards, or doos knovIodgo ariso firsl (and)
porcoplion aflorvards, or do porcoplion and knovIodgo ariso simuIlanoousIy` (D I 185,21-24)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (M I 387,8-21 + 27-28 + 388,2-9)

Exercise 19

Passage 1 (D II 343,8 - 346,18)

Tloy dividod llal caravan in lvo, (vill) fivo lundrod carls
16
on ono sido (and) fivo lundrod carls on ono
sido
17
. Iirsl (itc), ono caravan-morclanl
18
, laving pul mucl grass and slick and valor on lop
19
(of llo caravan),

1
Rj cc||ctciii. Tvo nouns in apposilion (i.o., quaIifying oacl ollor) vill cc||ctciii quaIifying rj by boing prodicalod of il, llus 'vlo is ...',
soo Wardor p.61. Tlis sorl of conslruclion is praclicaIIy oquivaIonl lo noun + adjoclivo, llo main difforonco boing llal a noun quaIifying
anollor noun usuaIIy rolains ils ovn gondor.
2
Pctciii, aorisl.
3
Sc!!|im, 'logollor vill'.
4
Cciurcnginiq = cciu(r) ('four') + cnginiq ('faclorod'). Anginiq is dorivod from cngc ('faclor'/'Iimb'), adding llo suffix -in (llus cngin) lo mako
a possossivo adjoclivo 'faclorod' or jusl 'foId' (soo Wardor p.122), adding (llus cngin) lo mako a fominino slom, and finaIIy q is llo
inslrumonlaI onding.
5
Ycsmim. Ior llo moaning '(in) vliclovor' soo ILD.
6
1c, dalivo. Stgcicm lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.68.
7
Sc|cn ic. IrosumabIy lloy aro giving up lloir kingdom lo llo vlooI-lurning monarcl. Sc|cn (onding in n rallor llan m duo lo llo cIoso
junclion vill ic, soo Wardor p.217) is prosumabIy an adjoclivo lo llo agonl of llo impIiod vorb |cii, llus 'il is your ovn ... '.
8
Anuquiic, soo DI undor cnuqujcii.
9
Rcc cc||ctciiissc. Tlis sooms lo bo an oxampIo of llo subjoclivo gonilivo, llus 'by llo king ...', soo Wardor p.57. AIlornalivoIy il couId bo a
dalivo of advanlago, 'subordinalod lo'.
1O
I.o. 'laving dono a comparison of a man vill a man', soo Wardor p.44. Maybo |criit couId bo lransIalod as 'laving comparod'.
11
Nolo '||iqqc' + '-icrc', Iil. 'moro moro', porlaps omplalic.
12
A||icicrc. Nol jusl Ioarnod, bul Ioarnod in a viso, spiriluaI sonso. 1crc is llo comparalivo suffix 'moro', soo Wardor pp.123-124.
13
8|cgctci, abIalivo. Tlo abIalivo is usod in comparison vlon llo moaning is comparalivo (rallor llan suporIalivo vlon llo gonilivo is usod),
soo Wardor pp.123-124.
14
Ior |ummscm soo MIDB, p.1213, nolo 278. Tlo dvanda compound c!cnc|ummscm IiloraIIy lransIalos as rico and gruoI.
15
Pci|cmcm. Tlo ordinaI numoraIs aro usuaIIy usod Iiko adjoclivos (soo Wardor p.125) bul loro il is an indocIinabIo advorb soo ILD.
16
Sc|cicscini, Iil. 'carl-lundrods', soo Wardor p.117.
17
I.o., llo ollor sido.
18
Scii|ct|c = scii|c ('caravan') + t|c ('morclanl'), a lappurisa compound, 'morclanl of llo caravan'.
19
rcpcit, 'laving pul ... on lop'.
21
causod llo caravan lo sol oul
1
. Tlal caravan, vlicl vas lvo or llroo days sol oul,
2
sav
3
a man vlo vas bIack,
vlo lad rod oyos,
4
vlo lad a quivor liod bolind,
5
vlo lad a garIand of vlilo valor IiIios,
6
vlo lad vol cIollos,
7

vlo lad vol lair, coming
8
in llo opposilo diroclion vill a donkoy carl
9
vlicl lad vlooIs
1O
smoarod vill mud
11
.
Having soon, lo
12
said llis: ''Sir, from vloro
13
do you como`.'' ''Irom sucl and sucl a counlry.'' ''Wloro aro you
going`''
14
''To a counlry namod sucl and sucl.'' ''Iorlaps, Sir, in llo viIdornoss in fronl (of us) a groal cIoud las
pourod dovn`'' ''Yos (ctcm), Sir, in llo viIdornoss in fronl (of you) a groal cIoud las pourod dovn, llo roads aro
slovorod ovor vill valor
15
, lloro is
16
mucl grass and slick and valor, llrov avay,
17
Sirs,
18
llo oId grassos, slicks,
(and) valors, go vory fasl
19
vill Iigll-Ioadod
2O
carls, do nol liro llo draugll animaIs.''
Tlon llal caravan-morclanl addrossod llo caravan-lravoIIors
21
: ''Sirs, llis man says
22
llis: 'In llo viIdornoss
in fronl a groal cIoud las pourod dovn, llo roads aro slovorod ovor vill valor, lloro is mucl grass and slick and
valor, llrov avay, Sirs, llo oId grassos, slicks, (and) valors, |146] go vory fasl vill Iigll-Ioadod carls, do nol liro
llo draugll animaIs.' Tlrov avay, Sirs, llo oId grassos, slicks, (and) valors, (and) causo llo caravan lo sol oul
vill Iigll-Ioadod carls.'' Saying ''yos, Sir'', lloso caravan-lravoIIors, laving consonlod lo llo caravan-morclanl,
laving llrovn avay llo oId grassos, slicks, (and) valors, causod llo caravan lo sol oul
23
vill Iigll-Ioadod carls. Al
llo firsl caravan-camp
24
lloy sav no grass or slick or valor, al llo socond caravan-camp loo (pi) ... al llo llird
caravan-camp loo ... al llo fourll caravan-camp loo ... al llo fifll caravan-camp loo ... al llo sixll caravan-camp
loo ... al llo sovonll caravan-camp loo lloy sav no grass or slick or valor, (and) ono and aII
25
mol vill
26
misforluno
and disaslor
27
. And vlo voro in llal caravan, poopIo or domoslic animaIs, llal non-luman spiril dovourod aII
28
, lo
Iofl onIy llo bonos.
Wlon llo socond caravan-morclanl knov: ''mucl-doparlod
29
nov is llal caravan'', laving pul mucl grass
and slick and valor on lop, lo causod llo caravan lo sol oul. Tlis
3O
caravan, vlicl vas lvo or llroo days sol oul,
sav a man vlo vas bIack, vlo lad rod oyos, a quivor liod bolind, a garIand of vlilo valor IiIios, vol cIollos and
vol lair, coming in llo opposilo diroclion vill a donkoy carl vlicl lad vlooIs smoarod vill mud. Having soon,

1
Pqpcsi, causalivo aorisl. Nolo llo aorisl 'augmonl' clanging llo firsl c inlo .
2
I.o., vlon il vas lvo or llroo days sinco llo caravan lad sol oul (soo Wardor p.212). Dt|ci|cpqic = !ti ('lvo') + c|c ('day') + ii ('llroo') +
c|c + pqic ('sol oul', pasl parlicipIo). Tlis is a balubbli compound (i.o., il acls Iiko an adjoclivo, soo Wardor pp.137-138) quaIifying scii|c,
llus 'llal caravan vlicl vas ...'.
3
Nolo llo IaIi idiom, 'llo caravan sav'.
4
Ic|iic|||im = |c|iic ('rod') + c|||im ('oyo'), a balubbli compound quaIifying puriscm, 'man'. Tlo inlornaI slrucluro of llo compound is llal of
a kammadlraya, |c|iic boing an adjoclivo quaIifying c|||im, 'rod oyo'.
5
Apcnc!!|c|c|pcm = cpcnc!!|c ('liod bolind', pasl parlicipIo) + |c|pcm ('quivor'), anollor balubbli compound quaIifying puriscm and again
vill kammadlraya slrucluro, 'quivor vlicl vas liod bolind'.
6
Kumu!cm|cm = |umu!c ('vlilo valor IiIIios') + m|cm ('garIand'), anollor balubbli compound bul llis limo vill lappurisa slrucluro,
'garIand of vlilo valor IiIios'. Tlo firsl mombor of a compound can bo pIuraI or singuIar dopondonl on conloxl, loro llo pIuraI is roquirod, soo
Wardor p.77.
7
A||ctcii|cm = c||c ('vol') + tcii|cm ('cIollos'), balibbli compound vill kammadlraya slrucluro, as is llo noxl.
8
gccc|cnicm, prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill puriscm.
9
Gc!rc||crci|cnc = gc!rc||c + rci|cnc, lappurisa compound, 'a carl vill a donkoy'.
1O
Cc||c|i is a noun in apposilion lo gc!rc||crci|cnc, i.o. ono noun quaIifios llo ollor. Nolo llo agroomonl in caso bul nol in numbor or gondor.
11
Kc!!cmcmc|||iic|i = |c!!cmc ('mud') + mc|||iic|i ('smoarod', pasl parlicipIo) + inslrumonlaI pIuraI onding, a balubbli compound
(quaIifying cc||c|i) vill lappurisa slrucluro.
12
I.o., llo caravan-morclanl.
13
Kuic, abIalivo inlorrogalivo pronoun, soo Wardor p.9O.
14
Iil. 'vloro viII you go`'
15
siiic!c|ni = siiic ('slovorod ovor', pasl parlicipIo) + u!c|ni ('valor', nolo llo pIuraI of llo IaIi), a balubbli compound quaIifying
tciumni, 'roads'. Tlo slrucluro is llal of a lappurisa compound, 'slovorod ovor with valor', bul llo lvo oIomonls aro rovorsod comparod lo a
propor lappurisa compound, somolling vlicl is common vill balubbli compounds, soo Wardor p.138. Tlo onding is pIuraI lo agroo vill
tciumni.
16
Tlo vorb 'lo bo' is missing in llo IaIi bul sooms lo bo impIiod.
17
C|c]]ci|c, prosumabIy imporalivo.
18
8|c. Nolo llal ||c can bo pIuraI as voII as singuIar. Horo il musl bo pIuraI bocauso llo vorb c|c]]ci|c is pIuraI. Soo aIso ILD.
19
Sig|cm sig|cm, ropolilion for omplasis, soo Wardor p.171.
2O
Ic|u||rc|i, balubbli compound (quaIifying sc|cic|i) vill kammadlraya slrucluro.
21
Scii|i|c, Iil. 'llo caravanors'.
22
|c, soo Wardor p.17O.
23
Tlroo vorbs (pciissuit, c|c]]cit, and pqpcsum) aII laking llo samo agonl, ic scii|i|.
24
Scii|ctsc = scii|c ('caravan') + tsc ('camp') + c (Iocalivo), probabIy a dalivo lappurisa compound, 'camp Inr caravans'. Tlo Iocalivo onding
loro oxprossos 'llo pIaco vloro' (soo Wardor p.1OO), llus lransIaling vill 'al'.
25
Sc||c tc. Vc is a sido form of ctc, il funclions loro lo omplasiso sc||c.
26
pcjjimsu, soo ILD.
27
Ancqctqcscncm = cncqc ('misforluno') + tqcscncm ('disaslor'), a dvanda compound boing llo palionl of pcjjimsu.
28
Again nolo llo roIalivo/domonslralivo conslruclion. Tlo roIalivo cIauso slarls vill qc and llo roIalod domonslralivo cIauso vill sc||c. Yc and
sc||c musl agroo in gondor and numbor bul nol nocossariIy in caso: in llis inslanco qc is nominalivo and sc||c is accusalivo.
29
I.o., far gono. 8c|uni|||cnic = |c|u ('mucl'/'pIonly') + ni|||cnic ('Iofl'/'doparlod', pasl parlicipIo). A balubbli compound quaIifying scii|c.
In llis compound |c|u sooms lo bo an advorb quaIifying ni|||cnic.
3O
|sc. Nolo llal llo ollor caravan vas caIIod sc (scii|c), 'llal (caravan)'.
22
lo said llis: ''Sir, from vloro do you como`'' ''Irom sucl and sucl a counlry.'' ''Wloro aro you going`'' ''To a
counlry namod sucl and sucl.'' ''Iorlaps, Sir
1
, in llo viIdornoss in fronl (of us) a groal cIoud las pourod dovn`''
''Yos, Sir, in llo viIdornoss in fronl (of you) a groal cIoud las pourod dovn, llo roads aro slovorod ovor vill
valor, lloro is mucl grass and slick and valor, llrov avay, Sirs,
2
llo oId grassos, slicks, (and) valors, go vory fasl
vill Iigll-Ioadod carls, do nol liro llo draugll animaIs.''
Tlon llal caravan-morclanl addrossod llo caravan-lravoIIors: ''Sirs, llis man says llis: 'In llo viIdornoss in
fronl a groal cIoud las pourod dovn, llo roads aro slovorod ovor vill valor, lloro is mucl grass and slick and
valor, llrov avay, Sirs, llo oId grassos, slicks, (and) valors, go vory fasl vill Iigll-Ioadod carls, do nol liro llo
draugll animaIs.' (Bul) sirs, llis man is nol ovon (ctc) a friond, roIalivo, or bIood-roIalion of ours
3
, lov can vo acl
4

oul of faill
5
in lim
6
. Tlo oId grassos, slicks, and valors aro nol lo bo llrovn avay, causo llo caravan lo sol oul vill
llo goods as boforo
7
, vo viII nol llrov avay our
8
oId
9
.'' Saying ''yos, Sir'', lloso caravan-lravoIIors, laving
consonlod lo llal caravan-morclanl, causod llo caravan lo sol oul vill llo goods as boforo. Al llo firsl caravan-
camp lloy sav no grass or slick or valor, aIso al llo socond caravan-camp ... aIso al llo llird caravan-camp ... aIso
al llo fourll caravan-camp ... aIso al llo fifll caravan-camp ... aIso al llo sixll caravan-camp |147] ... aIso al llo
sovonll caravan-camp lloy sav no grass or slick or valor, bul
1O
lloy sav llal caravan vlicl lad mol vill
11

misforluno and disaslor. Wlo voro in llal caravan, poopIo or domoslic animaIs, of lloso - vlo lad boon
dovourod
12
by llal non-luman spiril - lloy sav jusl llo bonos.
13

Tlon llal caravan-morclanl addrossod llo caravan-lravoIIors: ''Tlis, Sirs, is llal caravan vlicl mol vill
14

misforluno and disaslor, as il is
15
vill llal fooIisl caravan-morclanl as Ioador
16
. Nov, Sirs, vlicl in our caravan
aro commodilios vlicl lavo IillIo vaIuo, laving llrovn lloso avay, vlicl in llis caravan aro commodilios vlicl
lavo groal vaIuo, lako lloso.
17
'' Saying ''yos, Sir'', lloso caravan-lravoIIors, laving consonlod lo llal caravan-
morclanl, vlicl in lloir ovn caravan voro commodilios vlicl lad IillIo vaIuo, laving llrovn lloso avay, vlicl
in llal caravan voro commodilios vlicl lad groal vaIuo, laving lakon lloso, lloy crossod llal viIdornoss safoIy
18
,
as il is vill a viso caravan-morclanl as Ioador.

Passage 2
19
(D I 127,1 - 135,28)

Tlis
2O
las boon loard
21
by mo. Al ono limo llo BIossod Ono, procooding on a journoy among llo Mgadlans
vill a Iargo group (scng|c) of monks, approaclod a bralmin viIIago of llo Mgladans caIIod Klnumala
22
. Tloro
in Klnumala llo BIossod Ono dvoIl
23
in AmbaIalllik. Al llal limo llo bralmin Kladanla Iivod on Klnumala
vlicl lad an abundanco of croaluros
24
, vlicl vas possossing grass, slicks, and valor,
1
vlicl vas grain-boaring,
2


1
8|c, Wardor's book las llo misprinl ||c.
2
8|c, again vocalivo pIuraI, soo ILD.
3
Am||cm, gonilivo.
4
Gcmissmc, Iil. '(lov) viII vo go'. Tlo vorb gccc|cii is usod vory broadIy, soo ILD. Tlo fuluro lonso loro las llo sonso of disapprovaI, soo
Wardor p.55.
5
Sc!!|qc, abIalivo of causo, Iil. 'from/duo lo faill'.
6
|mcssc. Tlis apparonlIy is a dalivo oquivaIonl lo llo LngIisl 'in lim', soo ILD undor sc!!|qc.
7
Yci||cicnc. Iil. 'as (proviousIy) dono', balubbli compound quaIifying ||cn]cnc, '(vill) llo goods'.
8
Wardor's book roads tc, 'your'. Hovovor, lloro is an aIlornalivo roading nc in llo ITS odilion of llo Dgla Nikya. Tlis roading fils bollor
vill llo vorb c|c]]cssmc, firsl porson pIuraI.
9
I.o., our oId grass, slicks, and valor.
1O
Cc. Soo ILD for llo disjunclivo moaning (i.o. 'bul').
11
pcnncm is a pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill scii|cm. According lo Wardor llo pasl parlicipIo normaIIy las llo prosonl porfocl sonso (soo
Wardor p.4O), i.o. 'las mol'. Horo, lovovor, llo pasl porfocl sonso, 'had mol', is roquirod duo lo llo sonlonco vorb c!!cscmsu boing aorisl.
12
1csc ... ||c|||iincm. Nolo llo roIalivo cIauso/domonslralivo cIauso conslruclion. Tlo roIalivo cIauso slarls vill qc, a roIalivo pronoun, and
llo domonslralivo cIauso vill icscm, llo domonslralivo corroIalivo. Tlo roIalivo cIauso in offocl funclions lo quaIify (simiIar lo an adjoclivo) llo
corroIalivo. Tlus 'vlo voro in llal caravan' rofos lo 'lloso vlo voro dovourod'.
13
I.o., lloy sav jusl llo bonos of lloso poopIo and domoslic animaIs in llo provious caravan vlo lad boon dovourod.
14
pcnnc, 'mol vill'. Nolo llal llis limo I lransIalo llo pasl parlicipIo jusl vill llo simpIo pasl lonso, as llis sooms lo fil llo conloxl bosl.
15
I.o., as il is lo bo oxpoclod. Yci| icm sooms lo bo ono indocIinabIo oxprossion, soo ILD undor qci|icm (ono vord). AIlornalivoIy il rofors back
lo llo firsl parl of llo sonlonco: 'as that is ...'
16
Pcrinqc|cnc, a noun in apposilion lo scii|ct|cnc ('caravan morclanl'), Iil. '(vill llal fooIisl) caravan-morclanl vlo vas llo Ioador'.
17
Again nolo llo roIalivo/corroIalivo conslruclion (usod lvico).
18
Scii|in, Iil. 'vill safoly'. InslrumonlaI of mannor loro usod advorbiaIIy, llus 'safoIy'. Soo Wardor p.45.
19
Again, lloro aro a numbor of abridgomonls in Wardor's loxl. I lavo indicalod llo main onos.
2O
Again, ctcm oflon las llo sonso of roforring back lo somolling jusl monlionod or forvard lo somolling aboul lo bo monlionod. In lloso casos
'llis'/'llal' is usuaIIy llo bosl lransIalion.
21
Again lransIaling as prosonl porfocl, i.o. 'las boon loard', soo Wardor p.4O.
22
Iil. 'lovards (qcnc) ... lloro (ic!) lo approaclod'. Tlis conslruclion is paraIIoI lo llo qcnc ... icnc upcscn|cmcii conslruclion vill ic! ropIacing
icnc. Tlo moaning of llo vorbs ctcscrcii and upcscn|cmcii is mucl llo samo, as is llal of ic! and icnc vlon usod in llis conslruclion.
23
Vi|crcii, lisloric prosonl lonso, soo Wardor p.12.
24
Sciiussc!cm = sciic ('croaluros') + ussc!cm ('abundanco'), balubbli compound slruclurod Iiko a lappurisa compound quaIifying Klnumala,
soo Wardor pp.137-138.
23
vlicl vas a crovn proporly,
3
vlicl vas givon
4
by llo Mgadlan King Soniya Bimbisra, vlicl vas a royaI
gifl,
5
vlicl vas llo liglosl gifl
6
. (D I 127,9)
(D I 128,1O) Al llal limo llo bralmin Kladanla lad gono lo llo day-bod
7
on lop (of) llo mansion (ps!c).
Tlo bralmin Kladanla sav llo bralmin lousoloIdors
8
of Klnumala
9
, laving oxilod from Klnumala
1O
, cIuslorod
in groups,
11
approacling
12
AmbaIalllik. Having soon (il) lo addrossod llo slovard
13
: ''Wly, lonourabIo slovard,
do llo bralmin lousoloIdors of Klnumala, laving oxilod from Klnumala, cIuslorod in groups, approacl
AmbaIalllik`'' ''Tloro is, your lonour, llo ascolic Golama, a mombor of llo Sakyan cIan,
14
vlo las gono forll
from llo Sakyan cIan
15
. Irocooding on a journoy among llo Mgladans vill a Iargo group of monks, arrivod al
Klnumala, lo dvoIIs in Klnumala in AmbaIalllik. Tloy aro approacling
16
for llo purposo of sooing
17
llal
BIossod Ono Golama. Tlon llo bralmin Kladanla llougll llis:
18
''By mo llis las boon loard: 'Tlo ascolic Golama
knovs succoss in llo llroofoId offoring
19
.' Hovovor (pcnc) I do nol knov |148] succoss in llo llroofoId offoring,
bul
2O
I visl lo porform
21
a groal sacrifico
22
. Wlal nov if I, laving approaclod llo ascolic Golama, slouId ask aboul
succoss in llo llroofoId offoring.''
Tlon llo bralmin Kladanla addrossod llal slovard: ''Nov, lonourabIo slovard
23
, approacl llo bralmin
lousoloIdors of Klnumala, (and) laving approaclod, say llis lo llo bralmin lousoloIdors of Klnumala: 'Sirs,
llo bralmin Kladanla says
24
llis: ''Nov (|irc), vail Sirs, aIso llo bralmin Kladanla viII approacl for llo
purposo of sooing llo ascolic Golama.'' ' '' Saying ''yos, Sir'', llal slovard, laving consonlod lo llo bralmin
Kladanla, approaclod llo bralmin lousoloIdors of Klnumala, (and) laving approaclod, lo said llis lo llo
bralmin lousoloIdors of Klnumala: ''Tlo bralmin Kladanla, your lonours, says llis: 'Nov, vail Sirs, aIso llo
bralmin Kladanla viII approacl for llo purposo of sooing llo ascolic Golama
25
.' '' Al llal limo many lundrods of
bralmins voro dvoIIing
26
in Klnumala llinking: ''Wo viII obsorvo llo groal sacrifico of llo bralmin
Kladanla.''
27
Tloso bralmins loard: ''Tloy say (|irc) llo bralmin Kladanla viII approacl for llo purposo of
sooing llo ascolic Golama.'' Tlon lloso bralmins approaclod llo bralmin Kladanla, (and) laving approaclod,
lloy said llis lo llo bralmin Kladanla: ''Is il roaIIy (|irc) lruo, (llal) llo lonourabIo Kladanla viII approacl for

1
Sciinc|cii|c!c|cm = sc ('vill') + iinc ('grass') + |cii|c ('slicks', i.o. firovood) + u!c|cm ('valor'), a llroo mombor dvanda compound villin a
balubbli compound, quaIifying Klnumala . Il is llo sc- al llo boginning of llo compound vlicl makos il a balubbli, i.o. an adjoclivo.
2
Sc!|ccm = sc ('vill') + !|ccm ('grain'). Again llo noun !|ccm is lransformod inlo an adjoclivo/balubbli compound by llo sc-.
3
Rjc||cggcm = rjc ('king') + ||cggcm ('proporly'), Iil. 'llo proporly of a king', a balubbli compound vill lappurisa slrucluro.
4
Dinncm, pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill Klnumalam. Nolo lov llis plraso (i.o., pasl parlicipIo vill 4 inslrumonlaIs as agonl) is insorlod inlo
llo sorios of balubbli compounds quaIifying Klnumala.
5
Rjc!qcm = rjc + !qcm ('gifl'), balubbli compound vill lappurisa slrucluro, 'gifl of a king'.
6
8rc|mc!cqqcm = |rc|mc ('God'/'llo liglosl') + !cqqcm ('gifl'). Tlo oxacl moaning of |rc|m loro is dispulod. If il is a roforonco lo llo
BralminicaI god, llon llo compound is slruclurod Iiko a lappurisa, 'gifl lo God'. If, lovovor, |rc|m loro is usod as an adjoclivo (or as a noun
in apposilion lo !cqqcm) in llo sonso of '(llo) bosl'/'(llo) liglosl', llon llo compound las a kammadlraya slrucluro, 'gifl vlicl is llo
liglosl'.
7
I.o., day-limo rosl. Ditscqqcm = !it ('day') + scqqcm ('bod').
8
8r|mcncgc|cpcii|c = |r|mcnc + gc|cpcii|c ('lousoloIdors'), a kammadlraya compound, i.o. |r|mcnc quaIifios gc|cpcii|c, 'llo lousoloIdors
vlo voro bralmins', (soo Wardor p.1O8).
9
K|numcic|c, adjoclivo quaIifying |r|mcncgc|cpcii|c, i.o. 'llo bralmin lousoloIdors inlabiling Klnumala' (soo Wardor p.254). Nolo lov il
is somolimos convonionl lo uso proposilions vlon lransIaling adjoclivos: sucl as llo 'of' in llis sonlonco vlicl doos nol sland for llo gonilivo.
1O
AbIalivo.
11
Scng|scng|gcn||ic, a balubbli compound quaIifying |r|mcncgc|cpcii|c. Soo Wardor pp.212-213 for a doconslruclion of llis compIox
compound.
12
Upcscn|cmcnic, prosonl parlicipIo accusalivo pIuraI agrooing vill |r|mcncgc|cpcii|c.
13
I.o., lis slovard.
14
Sc|qcpuiic, Iil. 'a son of llo Sakyans', a lappurisa compound.
15
Sc|qc||, a kammadlraya compound vill Sc|qc quaIifying ||c, 'llo cIan vlicl is Sakyan'.
16
TransIaling llo prosonl lonso using llo LngIisl 'conlinuous' prosonl, '-ing'.
17
Dcsscnqc, dalivo of purposo.
18
Again llo slandard IaIi idiom lo indicalo llinking, soo Wardor p.56.
19
1iti!|cqccscmpc!cm = iiti!|c ('llroofoId') + qcc ('sacrifico') + scmpc!cm ('succoss'), a kammadlraya compound villin a lappurisa:
iiti!|c is an adjoclivo lo qcc, 'sacrifico vlicl is llroofoId', a kammadlraya compound, llis in lurn is roIalod lo scmpc!cm by llo Iocalivo of
roforonco, 'succoss in roIalion lo (or jusl 'in') llo llroofoId sacrifico', a lappurisa compound.
2O
Cc, somolimos las a disjunclivo moaning, soo ILD.
21
Ycjiium, infinilvo, soo Wardor pp.134-136.
22
Ycjiium IiloraIIy moans 'lo sacrifico', yioIding llo cIumsy lransIalion 'lo sacrifico a groal sacrifico'. Tlis lypo of conslruclion, vloro llo vorb
and ils objocl aro from llo samo rool and llus cIosoIy roIalod in moaning, is quilo common in IaIi.
23
K|ciic, vocalivo.
24
|c, pasl lonso caIIod 'porfocl', soo Wardor p.17O.
25
I.o., lo viII go and soo lim.
26
Pciitcscnii, lisloricaI prosonl lonso, soo Wardor p.12.
27
Tlal llis is a llougll or an idoa is impIiod by llo ii vlicl onds llo sonlonco, soo Wardor p.36. Wlollor a parlicuIar inslanco of ii rofors lo
spoocl or lo llougll musl bo docidod by llo conloxl.
24
llo purposo of sooing llo ascolic Golama`'' ''Your lonours, I am indood (||c) llinking llis
1
: 'I aIso viII approacl
for llo purposo of sooing llo ascolic Golama'.'' ''Iol nol llo lonourabIo Kladanla approacl for llo purposo of
sooing llo ascolic Golama, llo lonourabIo Kladanla ougll nol (nc crc|cii) lo approacl for llo purposo of sooing
llo ascolic Golama. If llo lonourabIo Kladanla approaclos
2
for llo purposo of sooing llo ascolic Golama, llo
ropulalion (qcsc) of llo lonourabIo Kladanla viII docroaso, (and) llo ropulalion of llo ascolic Golama viII incroaso.
AIso,
3
sinco
4
llo ropulalion of llo lonourabIo Kladanla viII docroaso, (and) llo ropulalion of llo ascolic Golama
viII incroaso, aIso for llis roason
5
llo lonourabIo Kladanla ougll nol lo approacl for llo purposo of sooing llo
ascolic Golama. Bul (it ctc) llo ascolic Golama ougll lo approacl for llo purposo of sooing llo lonourabIo
Kladanla.'' (D I 13O,1) ... (D I 131,11) Wlon llis lad boon said, llo bralmin Kladanla said llis lo lloso bralmins:
''Nov, your lonours, you musl aIso Iislon
6
lo mo, jusl vly
7
vo ougll lo approacl for llo purposo of sooing llal
lonourabIo Golama bul (it ctc) llal lonourabIo Golama ougll nol |149] lo approacl for llo purposo of sooing us
8
.
(D I 131,16) ... (D I 133,11) Indood (||c|u) Sirs, llo ascolic Golama las arrivod al Klnumala, (and) lo dvoIIs in
Klnumala in AmbaIalllik. And (||c pcnc) vlalovor ascolics or bralmins como lo our viIIago and fioIds
9
, lloy aro
our guosls. And guosls slouId bo onlorlainod, rospoclod, rovorod, and lonourod
1O
by us. AIso, your lonours, sinco
(qcm) llo ascolic Golama las arrivod al Klnumala, (and) dvoIIs in Klnumala in AmbaIalllik, llo ascolic
Golama is our guosl. And a guosl slouId bo onlorlainod, rospoclod, rovorod, and lonourod by us. AIso for llis
roason llal lonourabIo Golama ougll nol lo approacl for llo purposo of sooing us, bul
11
suroIy (ctc) vo ougll lo
approacl for llo purposo of sooing llal lonourabIo Golama.'' (D I 133,22)
(D I 133,33) Tlon llo bralmin Kladanla approaclod AmbaIalllik (and) llo BIossod Ono logollor vill a
Iargo group of bralmins
12
, (and) laving approaclod, lo oxclangod groolings (scmmc!i) vill llo BIossod Ono, (and)
laving mado
13
agrooabIo (scmmc!cnqcm) and poIilo (srnqcm) convorsalion (|ci|cm), lo sal dovn lo ono sido. (D I
134,2) ... (D I 134,1O) Soalod lo ono sido llo bralmin Kladanla said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Tlis las boon loard by
mo lonourod Golama: 'Tlo ascolic Golama knovs succoss in llo llroofoId sacrifico.' Hovovor I do nol knov
succoss in llo llroofoId sacrifico, bul I dosiro lo porform a groal sacrifico. IIoaso,
14
Iol llo lonourod Golama loacl
15

succoss in llo llroofoId sacrifico lo mo
16
.'' ''Tlon, bralmin, Iislon, I viII spoak.'' Saying ''yos, your lonour'', llo
bralmin Kladanla consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlo BIossod Ono said llis: ''Onco upon a limo, bralmin, lloro
vas a king namod Malvijila, vlo vas ricl, vlo lad groal voaIll,
17
mucl proporly, mucl goId and siIvor,
18
mucl
rosourcos for pIoasuro,
19
mucl monoy and grain, and a fuII lroasury and slorolouso.
2O
Tlon, bralmin, vliIo King
Malvijila vas villdravn (and) socIudod,
21
lo llougll llis
22
: 'Mucl luman
23
proporly las boon gainod by mo,

1
|tcm ||c mc ||c |cii. Nolo llal llis is llo usuaI idiom lo indicalo llinking, i.o. ctcm + llo gonilivo of llo porson llinking + llo vorb 'lo bo'. Soo
Wardor p.56.
2
Upcscn|cmisscii, fuluro lonso usod lo oxpross llo lypollolicaI, soo Wardor p.55.
3
Pi, 'aIso', is loro usod lo connocl a sorios of slalomonls oxpIaining vly Kladanla slouId nol visil llo Buddla. Tlo facl llal lloro is a sorios of
slalomonls is Iosl in Wardor's book bocauso llo acluaI sulla loxl las boon abbrovialod, vill onIy ono sucl slalomonl romaining.
4
Ycm, usod as indocIinabIo.
5
|min p'cngcnc, Iil. 'by llis faclor loo', soo Wardor p.44. Again, a numbor of roasons aro givon in llo acluaI sulla.
6
Suni|c, possibIy imporalivo, llus 'you must (aIso) Iislon ...'.
7
Or 'lov il is llal', qci|. Tlis moaning is nol givon by Wardor or ILD bul sooms roquirod loro.
8
Am||cm, accusalivo of mcqcm, nol monlionod in Wardor.
9
I.o. 'our Iand' or 'our lorrilory'. I lako gmc|||ciicm lo bo a dvanda compound, coIIoclivo noulor, soo Wardor p.97. Tlus aIllougl llo ovoraII
compound is singuIar, llo individuaI mombors can sliII bo pIuraI, llus 'fioIds'.
1O
A sorios of fuluro passivo parlicipIos agrooing vill ciii|, 'guosl' (i.o., mascuIino nominalivo pIuraI).
11
Ai|c ||c, soo DI for llis moaning.
12
8r|mcncgcncnc = |r|mcnc + gcnc ('group') + inslrumonlaI onding, lappurisa compound.
13
Viisrcit, Iil. 'laving convorsod'.
14
S!|u, soo ILD.
15
Dcsciu. Imporalivo oxprossing a poIilo invilalion, 'Iol ... loacl', soo Wardor p.35.
16
Mc, dalivo of advanlago.
17
Mc|c!|cnc = mc|c ('groal') + !|cnc ('voaIll'), balubbli compound quaIifying rj. Tlo compound las a kammadlraya slrucluro vill mc|c
boing an adjoclivo quaIifying !|cnc.
18
Pc|icjicrpcrcjcic = pc|ic ('mucl') + jicrpc ('goId') + rcjcic ('siIvor'), a balubbli compound. Tlo slrucluro is llal of a dvanda
compound (jicrpcrcjcic), villin a kammadlraya, i.o. pc|ic is an adjoclivo quaIifying jicrpcrcjcic.
19
Pc|ictiiipc|crcnc = pc|ic + tiiii ('pIoasuros') + upc|crcnc ('rosourcos'), again a balubbli. Tlo roIalion bolvoon tiiii and upc|crcnc is oillor
llal of a dvanda compound (pIoasuros and rosourcos) or llal of a lappurisa, vlicl is lov I lavo road il. Tlis llon forms a kammadlraya
slrucluro vill pc|ic.
2O
Pcripunnc|csc|cii|gcrc = pcripunnc ('fuII', pasl parlicipIo usod as adjoclivo) + |csc ('lroasury') + |cii|gcrc ('slorolouso'), balubbli
compound slruclurod as a dvanda compound (|csc|cii|gcrc) villin a kammadlraya. (Kcii|gcrc is in facl aIso a compound.) Tlo forogoing
vords aro a sorios of adjoclivos (mosl of llom balubbli compounds) aII prodicalod of llo noun rj, 'king'. Tlus I lransIalo 'vlo vas'/'vlo
lad', soo Wardor p.61.
21
Gonilivo absoIulo. Rc|cgcic ('villdravn') and pciisc||nc ('socIudod') aro boll pasl parlicipIos.
22
Iil. 'a llougll of llo mind aroso llus'. Anollor idiomalic oxprossion for llinking.
23
Mnusc|c, adjoclivo, i.o. (proporly) boIonging lo lumans.
25
(and) laving conquorod (il), I Iivo on a groal circIo of oarll
1
. Iorlaps I slouId porform a groal sacrifico, vlicl
vouId bo for my Iong-Iasling bonofil and lappinoss
2
.' Tlon, bralmin, King Malvijila, laving summonod llo
bralmin minislor, said llis: 'Horo, bralmin, vliIo I vas villdravn in socIusion, I llougll llis: ''Mucl luman
proporly las boon gainod
3
by mo, (and) laving conquorod (il), I Iivo on a groal circIo of oarll. |150] Iorlaps I slouId
porform a groal sacrifico, vlicl vouId bo for my Iong-Iasling bonofil and lappinoss.'' Bralmin, I dosiro lo porform
a groal sacrifico. Iol llo lonourabIo ono inslrucl mo so llal (qcm)
4
il migll bo for my Iong-Iasling bonofil and
lappinoss.'
Wlon llis lad boon said, bralmin, llo bralmin minislor said llis lo King Malvijila: 'Tlo lonourabIo
King's counlry las roboIs (and) opprossion
5
, viIIago-allacks
6
aro soon
7
, lovn-allacks aro soon, cily-allacks aro soon,
liglvay robborios
8
aro soon. And (pcnc) if llo lonourabIo King voro lo coIIocl a lax in sucl (ctcm) a counlry vill
roboIs (and) vill opprossion, by (doing) llal llo lonourabIo King vouId bo doing vlal slouId nol bo dono
9
. And il
couId bo (llal) llo lonourabIo King migll llink llis: ''I viII aboIisl (scm|cnissmi) llis brigand lorrilory
1O
by
oxoculion, by jaiI, by confiscalion, by llroal, or by banislmonl'', bul llo fuII (scmm) aboIislmonl
11
of llis brigand
lorrilory is nol llus. Tloso vlo viII bo llo survivors of llo kiIIod
12
, lloy viII larass llo counlry of llo King
aflorvards. NovorlloIoss, dopondonl on llis poIicy,
13
lloro is llo fuII aboIislmonl of llis roboI lorrilory llus: Nov,
lonourod King, vlo in llo counlry of llo lonourabIo King mako an offorl (ussc|cnii) in agricuIluro and
lusbandry
14
, lo llom Iol llo lonourabIo King granl
15
sood and foddor, vlo in llo counlry of llo lonourabIo King
mako an offorl in lrado, lo llom Iol llo lonourabIo King granl capilaI, vlo in llo counlry of llo lonourabIo King
mako an offorl in llo King's sorvico, lo llom Iol llo lonourabIo King disponso food and vagos, and lloso poopIo,
inlonl on lloir ovn vork
16
, viII nol larass llo King's counlry, and lloro viII bo a groal rovonuo
17
for llo King, llo
counlrios
18
(viII bo) oslabIislod in safoly
19
, villoul roboIs, villoul opprossion, and joyfuI poopIo rojoicing
2O
,
causing lloir ovn
21
sons lo danco
22
, viII corlainIy
23
dvoII vill opon lousos
24
.' ... ''

Passage 3
25
(D II 16 + 19 + 21)

And monks, vlon Irinco Vipass lad boon born,
26
lloy announcod lo King Bandlumanl
27
: ''Siro, a son las
boon born lo you
1
, Iol His Majosly (!ctc) soo lim
2
.'' (And), monks, King Bandlumanl sav Irinco Vipass, (and)

1
I.o., aroa of Iand. Pci|ctimcn]c|cm = pci|cti ('oarll') + mcn]c|cm ('circIo'), is a lappurisa compound. Nolo llal mc|cnicm pci|ctimcn]c|cm is llo
objocl of lvo vorbs: c||itijiqc ('laving conquorod'), a gorund, and cjj|tcsmi ('Iivo on').
2
Hiiqc and su||qc aro dalivos of purposo, mcmc is dalivo of advanlago. Dg|crciicm is an indocIinabIo, i.o. il is nol an adjoclivo lo
|iiqc/su||qc. A quilo IiloraI lransIalion migll road: '... vlicl vouId bo (cssc) for (llo purposo of) bonofil (and) lappinoss for mo for a Iong
limo'.
3
A!|igcic is a misprinl in boll Wardor and in llo ITS odilion of llo Dgla Nikya. Il slouId road c!|igci, as il doos a fov Iinos boforo.
A!|igci is a pasl parlicipIo llal musl agroo vill ||cg, llus llo onding.
4
Nolo llo broad rango of moanings for qcm, ospociaIIy vlon usod as an indocIinabIo as loro, soo Wardor p.72 and ILD.
5
Sc|cnic|c = sc + |cnic|c and scupcp|c = sc + upcp|c, balubbli compounds quaIifying jcncpc!c, Iil. '(llo counlry) is vill roboIs, vill
opprossion'.
6
Gmcg|i = gmc ('viIIago') + g|i ('allack'), lappurisa compound, 'allacks on viIIagos'.
7
Disscnii, passivo.
8
Pcni|c!u|cn = pcni|c ('road'/'liglvay') + !u|cn ('robbory'), lappurisa compound, 'robbory on liglvays'.
9
A|iccc|r = c ('nol') + |iccc ('vlal slouId bo dono', fuluro passivo parlicipIo usod as a noun, soo Wardor p.1O6) + |r ('doing'), balubbli
compound quaIifying rj slruclurod Iiko a lappurisa, 'doing nI vlal slouId nol bo dono'.
1O
Dcssu|||c = !cssu ('brigand') + |||c ('slako'), lappurisa compound, Iil. ' llo slako of llo brigands'. ApparonlIy a slako or slakos marking
brigand lorrilory.
11
Scmugg|ic. According lo llo ILD llis is a noun, probabIy an aclion noun, soo Wardor p.138.
12
Hcitcscsc| = |cic ('llo kiIIod', pasl parlicipIo usod as noun) + ctcscsc|c ('ono vlo romains'/'survivor'), lappurisa compound.
13
I.o., llo ono lo is aboul lo oxpIain.
14
Kcsigcrc|||c = |csi ('agricuIluro') + gcrc|||c ('lusbandry'), dvanda compound. (Gcrc|||c = gc ('callIo') + rc|||c ('guarding')).
15
Anuppc!ciu, 'Iol ... granl', imporalivo.
16
Sc|cmmcpcsui = sc ('ono's ovn') + |cmmc ('vork') + pcsuic ('inlonl on'), balubbli compound quaIifying mcnuss. Nolo llal sc loro moans
'ono's ovn' nol 'vill', soo Wardor p.137.
17
Rsi|c, soo ILD.
18
Ior somo roason lloro is a suddon clango lo llo pIuraI loro.
19
K|cmcii|ii = ||cmc ('safoly', roading il as a noun, soo DI) + (i)i|ii ('oslabIislod'), balubbli compound vill lappurisa slrucluro.
2O
Mc!cmn, prosonl parlicipIo.
21
Urc, moans broasl. Tlus urc puiic couId bo rondorod as 'bossom son/cliId' and llus 'lloir ovn sons'.
22
Nccccni, I lako il lo bo a causalivo prosonl parlicipIo, 'causing ... lo danco'. Nolo llal for llo causalivo prosonl parlicipIo llo '-ing' onding (of
llo lransIalion) goos vill 'causo' rallor llan llo main vorb 'danco'.
23
Mcc, soo ILD.
24
Apruicg|cr = cpruic ('opon') + g|crc ('louso'), adjoclivo + noun, llus a kammadlraya compound. Nolo llal llo 'vill' loro is nol duo lo
llo uso of llo inslrumonlaI caso in llo IaIi. Rallor il is usod for an adjoclivo: 'mcnuss ... cpruicg|cr', 'poopIo ... vlo lavo opon lousos', and
llus 'poopIo ... vill opon lousos'.
25
Tlis passago las boon liglIy abridgod in Wardor's book.
26
Iocalivo absoIulo. I uso llo pasl porfocl, 'lad boon born', bocauso llo vorb of llo main cIauso is aorisl.
27
Dalivo, probabIy roquirod by llo vorb pciitc!cii.
26
laving soon (lim), laving summonod llo proplosior bralmins
3
, lo said llis: ''Iol llo lonourabIo proplosior
bralmins soo llo princo.'' Tlo proplosior Bralmins, monks, sav Irinco Vipass, (and) laving soon (lim), lloy said
llis lo King Bandlumanl: ''Siro, bo pIoasod (ciicmcnc), Siro a povorfuI son las arison lo you. (D II 16,1-9) ... If lo
inlabils (cjj|tcscii) a louso, |151] lo viII bo
4
a king, a vlooI-lurning monarcl, a jusl (!|cmmi|c), Iav-abiding king.
(D II 16,13-14) ... Bul if lo goos forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss, lo viII bo
5
an aralanl, a fuIIy Avakonod Ono.'' (D II
16,22-23) ... Tlon, monks, King Bandlumanl laving drossod llo proplosior bralmins in nov cIollos
6
, lo salisfiod
(llom) vill aII sonsuaI pIoasuros. (D II 19,2O-22) ... Tlon, monks, King Bandlumanl, for Irinco Vipass
7
, conslruclod
8

llroo paIacos, ono rains (paIaco), ono vinlor (paIaco), ono summor (paIaco), (and) providod
9
llo fivo slrands of
sonsuaI pIoasuro
1O
(for lim). (D II 21,6-9)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (M I 134,3O - 135,26)

Exercise 20

Passage 1 (D II 21,13 - 22,21)

Tlon, monks, Irinco Vipass, aflor llo passago of many yoars, of many lundrod yoars, many llousand
yoars,
11
addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Yoko, doar clarioloor, llo vory good
12
carriagos, Iol us go
13
lo llo park ground for
llo purposo of sooing llo pIaco.'' Saying ''yos, Sir (!ctc)'' (and), monks, llo clarioloor laving consonlod lo Irinco
Vipass, laving yokod llo vory bosl carriagos, announcod lo Irinco Vipass
14
: ''Yokod for you, sir, aro llo vory bosl
carriagos,
15
you may go al your ovn convonionco
16
. Tlon, monks, Irinco Vipass, laving mounlod a good carriago,
vonl oul lo llo park ground vill llo vory bosl carriagos. Monks, going (niqqcnic) lo llo park ground, Irinco
Vipass sav a man vaIking
17
, vlo vas agod,
18
crookod Iiko a roof brackol,
19
bonl, doponding on a (vaIking-) slick,
2O

lrombIing,
21
affIiclod, vill youll gono
22
.
23
Having soon (lim), lo addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Bul (pcnc) doar
clarioloor, vlal las boon dono lo llis man,
24
lis (cssc) lair is nol as (llal) of ollors
25
, aIso (pi)
26
lis body is nol as
(llal) of ollors.'' ''Sir, lo is caIIod (nmc) agod.'' ''Bul vly, doar clarioloor, is lo caIIod agod`'' ''Sir, lo is caIIod
agod (bocauso): nol nov by lim Iong il viII bo Iivod''
27
. ''Bul, doar clarioloor, am I aIso subjocl lo oId ago
(jcr!|cmmc), nol-passing oId ago
28
`
29
'' ''You, Sir, and vo aII
1
aro subjocl lo oId ago, nol laving passod boyond oId

1
1c, dalivo.
2
1cm !ctc pcssciu. Pcssciu is imporalivo, 'Iol ... soo', !ctc is llo agonl.
3
I.o., bralmins vlo mako a prognosis basod on corlain bodiIy foaluros.
4
Hcii, prosonl lonso usod for an olornaI lrull, i.o. lruo if llo givon condilion is salisfiod (loro llo condilion is 'if lo inlabils a louso ... '). Soo
Wardor p.295 for llis uso of llo prosonl lonso.
5
Again, |cii usod in a fuluro sonso for an olornaI lrull.
6
Iil. 'vill nov cIollos'.
7
Vipcssissc |umrcssc, dalivo. Nolo lov llis dalivo roIalos lo lvo vorbs |rpcsi and upcii|pcsi. As vo lavo soon llo accusalivo (palionl) can
aIso roIalo lo moro llan ono vorb (soo llo immodialoIy procoding sonlonco), as can llo nominalivo (agonl).
8
Krpcsi, causalivo aorisl llird porson singuIar of |crcii, soo Wardor p.8O.
9
Upcii|pcsi, causalivo aorisl from upciiii|cii, soo DI undor upciiii|cii.
1O
Kmcgunni = |mc + gunc ('quaIily'/'slrand'), lappurisa compound.
11
Acccqcnc, 'aflor llo passago of', lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.45.
12
Or 'vory bosl', ||c!!ni ||c!!ni. Tlo ropolilion of a vord is oillor omplalic or dislribulivo, soo Wardor p.171. Horo il musl bo omplalic.
13
Gccc|mc, is oillor imporalivo (soo Wardor pp.34-35), as I road il, or prosonl lonso roIaling lo llo immodialo fuluro, soo Wardor p.12. In facl,
lloso lvo usos may in praclico oflon nol bo dislinguislabIo.
14
Vipcssissc |umrcssc pciitc!csi, pciitc!csi lakos llo dalivo.
15
AIlornalivoIy ic couId bo road as gonilivo 'your', i.o. 'your vory bosl carriagos aro yokod'.
16
Ycssc !ni ||cm mccsi, Iil. 'for vlicl nov you llink il is limo'. Ior llis oxprossion soo CDB, pp.334 and 498, nolo 65O. AIso cf. Wardor p.69.
17
Gccc|cnicm, prosonl parlicipIo.
18
jinncm, pasl parlicipIo usod as an adjoclivo.
19
Gcpncstcn|cm = gcpncs ('roof brackol')+ tcn|cm ('crookod') balubbli compound quaIifying puriscm, 'man', oxprossing a molaplor, soo
Wardor p.155.
2O
Dcn]cpcrqcncm = !cn]c ('(vaIking) slick') + pcrqcncm ('doponding on'), a balubbli compound.
21
Pctc!|cmncm, prosonl parlicipIo.
22
I.o., vloso youll vas gono. Gcicqc||cncm = gcic ('gono') + qc||cncm ('youll'), a balubbli compound.
23
A sorios of six adjoclivos, llroo of vlicl aro balubbli compounds and lvo prosonl parlicipIos, aII agrooing vill puriscm, 'man'. Nolo lov
aII llo adjoclivos foIIov llo noun lloy quaIify and llus aro prodicalod of il. Tlus I lransIalo 'vlo vas'/'vlo lad', soo Wardor p.61.
24
I assumo a passivo conslruclion duo lo llo pasl parlicipIo |cic, 'las boon dono'. Tlus llo palionl cqcm purisc, 'llis man', is in llo nominalivo
caso, soo Wardor p.4O.
25
I.o., lis lair is nol Iiko ollor poopIo's lair.
26
Nolo lov pi is prosonl in boll cIausos, foIIoving llo firsl vord of oacl cIauso il connocls, soo Wardor pp. 32 & 27.
27
I.o., lo viII nol Iivo mucl Iongor.
28
Or 'nol laving passod boyond'. Anciic, Iil. 'nol pasl', soo DI undor ccccii.
29
Nolo lov |im loro simpIy makos llo sonlonco inlorrogalivo.
27
ago.'' ''Nov llon (icnc |i), doar clarioloor, onougl nov (!ni) loday of llo park ground,
2
from loro jusl (tc)
rolurn
3
lo llo paIaco.'' Saying ''yos, Sir'', monks, llo clarioloor, laving consonlod lo Irinco Vipass, from lloro jusl
rolurnod lo llo paIaco. Tloro, monks, Irinco Vipass, vlo vas gono lo llo paIaco, sad, and dojoclod,
4
vas consumod
vill rogrol: ''TruIy (|irc), your lonour, Iol lloro bo slamo (!|ir) on (llis lling) caIIod birll,
5
in as mucl as for llo
ono vlo las boon born
6
oId ago viII bo discornod!''

Passage 2 (D III 8O,1 - 86,1O)

Tlus las boon loard by mo. Ono limo llo BIossod Ono vas dvoIIing in Svalll, in llo oasl park
7
. And (pcnc)
al llal limo Vsollla and Blradvja
8
Iivod among llo monks
9
dosiring llo slalo of a monk
1O
. Tlon llo BIossod Ono
vlo, al llo limo of ovoning,
11
lad arison
12
from socIusion, (and) laving doscondod from llo mansion (ps!),
vaIkod up and dovn
13
in llo opon in llo slado of llo mansion
14
. |165] Vsollla sav llo BIossod Ono vlo, al llo
limo of ovoning, lad arison from socIusion, (and) laving doscondod from llo mansion, vas vaIking up and dovn
15

in llo opon in llo slado of llo mansion. Having soon (lim), lo addrossod Blradvja: ''Iriond Blradvja, llis
16

BIossod Ono, al llo limo of ovoning, las arison
17
from socIusion, (and) laving doscondod from llo paIaco, lo vaIks
up and dovn in llo opon in llo slado of llo mansion. Iol us go,
18
friond Blradvja, Iol us approacl
19
llo BIossod
Ono. Iorlaps (cpp ctc nmc) vo migll gol lo loar
2O
a Dlamma
21
laIk from llo BIossod Ono.''
22
Saying ''yos, friond'',
Blradvja consonlod lo Vsollla. Tlon Vsollla and Blradvja approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving
approaclod, laving paid rospocls (c||it!cit) lo llo BIossod Ono, lloy vaIkod up and dovn aIong vill
23
llo
BIossod Ono vlo vas vaIking up and dovn.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod Vsollla: ''Vsolllas,
24
you vlo aro bralmins by birll
25
, bralmins by
cIan,
26
lavo
27
gono forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss from a Bralmin cIan
28
. I lopo (|ccci), Vsolllas, llo bralmins
don'l abuso (and) sIandor you
29
`'' ''CorlainIy (icgg|c), VonorabIo Sir, llo bralmins abuso (and) sIandor us
3O
vill
compIolo (pcripunnqc) porsonaI sIandor, nol incompIolo.'' ''Bul in vlal vay, Vsolllas, do llo bralmins abuso
(and) sIandor you vill compIolo porsonaI sIandor, nol incompIolo`'' ''VonorabIo Sir, llo bralmins say llus: '}usl
(tc) llo bralmin caslo is bosl, (any) ollor caslo is inforior, jusl llo bralmin caslo is vlilo, (any) ollor caslo is bIack,

1
Mcqc c' ... sc||c. Tlis prosumabIy is a roforonco lo aII lumans or aII boings.
2
A|cm, 'onougl', lakos llo dalivo, Iil. 'onougl ... for llo park ground'.
3
Pcccniqq|i, imporalivo.
4
Tlroo adjoclivos prodicalod of 'Irinco Vipass'.
5
A IiloraI, vord for vord lransIalion of llis plraso is difficuIl duo lo ils idiomalic naluro.
6
jicssc, 'for llo ono vlo las boon born', is a dalivo pasl parlicipIo usod as a noun, roforring lo llo door of llo aclion of llo pasl parlicipIo, soo
NCRI V 5.2.
7
Or 'oasl monaslory', pu||rmc = pu||c + rmc. In addilion lo 'boforo' and 'formor', pu||c aIso las llo moaning 'oasl'.
8
Nolo llo pIuraI onding of Vscii|c8|rc!tj. Il is a dvanda compound vloro llo lvo oIomonls aro rogardod as individuaI iloms, llus llo
pIuraI onding, soo Wardor p.97.
9
Iocalivo pIuraI moaning 'among', soo Wardor p.1O2.
1O
I.o., dosiring lo bocomo monks.
11
Sqcn|cscmcqcm = sqcn|c + scmcqcm, gonilivo lappurisa compound.
12
Vuii|iic. Nolo lov llo pasl parlicipIo somolimos is bosl lransIalod vill llo pasl porfocl, i.o. 'lad ... ', bocauso llo vloIo narralivo is lisloric
prosonl. (Maybo llis couId bo caIIod llo 'lisloric prosonl porfocl'.)
13
Ccn|cmcii, lisloric prosonl lonso, soo Wardor p.12.
14
Ps!cpccc|qqcm = ps!c + pccc|qqcm, anollor gonilivo lappurisa compound, vill llo ovoraII compound in llo Iocalivo caso.
15
Ccn|cmcnicm, prosonl parlicipIo accusalivo singuIar, agrooing vill 8|cgctcnicm. Again, bocauso of llo lisloric prosonl of llo IaIi (soo
Wardor p.12) 'was vaIking' is llo mosl approprialo lransIalion.
16
Or simpIy 'llo', cqcm. Somolimos llo domonslralivo pronoun is usod vloro ono vouId uso llo dofinilo arlicIo 'llo' in LngIisl, soo Wardor
p.3O.
17
Vuii|iic. Nov lransIaling as prosonl porfocl, 'las ... ', bocauso of llo quolod spoocl. I.o., llis is no Iongor llo lisloric prosonl of llo narralivo.
18
qmc, sooms lo bo an imporalivo.
19
Upcscn|cmissmc, Iil. 'vo viII approacl', fuluro oxprossing dolorminalion, soo Wardor p.55. Il is simiIar lo llo imporalivo.
2O
Sctcnqc, dalivo aclion noun usod Iiko llo infinilivo, soo Wardor p.138.
21
D|cmmim is loro a fominino adjoclivo quaIifying |ci|cm, a fominino noun. Nolo lov !|cmmc clangos lo llo i/-slom in llo fominino (rallor
llan llo -slom).
22
8|cgctcic scnii|, Iil. 'from llo prosonco of llo BIossod Ono'.
23
Anuccn|cmimsu, llo profix cnu las llo sonso of 'aIong vill', 'foIIoving', olc.
24
IIuraI, addrossing boll using llo namo of ono.
25
8r|mcncjccc is a balubbli compound quaIifying ium|c, 'you'. Tlo inlornaI slrucluro of llo compound is llal of a kammadlraya
compound, vill jccc, 'by birll', boing an adjoclivo quaIifying |r|mcnc, soo Wardor pp.137-138.
26
Anollor balubbli compound vill simiIar slrucluro lo llo provious ono.
27
Aii|c, Iil. 'aro'. Again, somolimos, as in llis caso, vorbs moaning 'lo bo' in IaIi aro bosl lransIalod vill 'lo lavo', for vlicl lloro is no dirocl
oquivaIonl in IaIi.
28
8r|mcnc|u|, abIalivo kammadlraya compound vill |r|mcnc quaIifying |u|c.
29
Vc, dalivo of disadvanlago (paraIIoI lo dalivo of advanlago, soo Wardor p.67).
3O
Nc, again dalivo of disadvanlago.
28
jusl llo bralmins bocomo puro, nol non-bralmins, jusl llo bralmins aro sons, llo lruo sons
1
of Bralma, born
from llo moull,
2
born from Bralma,
3
croalod by Bralma,
4
loir lo Bralma
5
. You,
6
laving abandonod llo bosl caslo,
lavo (cii|c) joinod an inforior caslo, llal is llo slavon-loadod, vassaI-Iiko (i|||c), bIack, IillIo-ascolics,
7
vlo aro
offsprings of llo Kinsman's fool
8
.' Tlus, VonorabIo Sir, llo bralmins abuso us ...'' ''CorlainIy, Vsolllas, llo
Bralmins (onIy) say llus (duo lo) nol rocaIIing
9
your (tc) lislory (pcrncm). Vsolllas, llo bralmin Iadios
1O
of llo
bralmins aro soon prognanl and (pi) giving birll, and lloso bralmins, boing moroIy (ctc) born from a vomb
11
, say
llus. SuroIy (ctc) lloy sIandor Bralma, spoak faIsolood, and gonoralo mucl domoril.
12
Vsolllas, lloro aro lloso
four caslos: llo nobIo varriors, llo bralmins, llo morclanls, llo loIols. Horo (i!|c) Vsolllas, somo nobIo varrior is
a kiIIor of Iiving boings
13
, is a lakor of llo ungivon, is ono vlo possossos vrong conducl
14
vill roforonco lo sonsuaI
pIoasuros
15
, is a spoakor of faIsolood, is a maIicious spoakor, |166] is a larsl spoakor, is nonsonsicaI vill frivoIily, is
covolous, las a maIovoIonl mind, las vrong viov. Vsolllas, aIso (pi) (somo) bralmin olc. (pc) aIso (somo)
morclanl olc. aIso (somo) loIol olc. las vrong viov. Horo, Vsolllas, aIso somo nobIo varrior is abslaining
16
from
llo kiIIing of Iiving boings
17
, is abslaining from llo laking of llo ungivon olc. aIso (somo) loIol olc. las (|cii) rigll
viov. Vsolllas, vlon lloso four caslos, vlicl aro llus (ctcm) mixod vill boll,
18
aro conducling llomsoIvos
19
in
llings (!|cmmcsu) vlicl aro bIack and vlilo, vlicl aro indood (ctc) bIamod by llo viso and praisod by llo
viso
2O
,
21
if
22
in llis caso (cii|c) llo bralmins say llus: ''}usl llo bralmin caslo is bosl olc. loirs lo Bralm'', llal llo
viso do nol aIIov llom
23
. Wly is llal`
24
Sinco, Vsolllas, of lloso four caslos, lo vlo is a monk vlo is an aralanl,
vlo las oxlauslod llo oulfIovings,
25
vlo las Iivod
26
(llo loIy Iifo), vlo las dono llo duly,
27
vlo las pul dovn
llo burdon,
28
vlo las allainod llo lruo goaI,
29
vlo las oIiminalod llo follor of boing,
3O
is frood llrougl rigll
knovIodgo,
31
lo is docIarod llo foromosl
1
of llom
2
, jusl llrougl Dlamma, nol llrougl non-Dlamma
3
. Ior (|i),
Vsolllas, in llo caso of poopIo,
4
Dlamma is llo bosl, in llis vory (ctc) Iifo
5
and in llo noxl Iifo
6
.''

1
Oras, soo DI.
2
I.o. 'from lis moull'. Nolo llo abIalivo '-lo' onding.
3
8rc|mcj, balubbli compound formaIIy rosombIing an abIalivo lappurisa compound (i.o. 'born Irnm ... ') and quaIifying |r|mcnc, soo
Wardor pp.137-138. j is a 'bound' form, soo Wardor p.92.
4
8rc|mcnimmii, anollor balubbli compound, loro formaIIy rosombIing an inslrumonlaI lappurisa compound, i.o. 'croalod by ... '.
5
A llird balubbli compound, loro formaIIy Iiko a gonilivo lappurisa compound, i.o. 'bralma's loir'.
6
1c ium|c, Iil. 'lloso you'.
7
Scmcnc|c, apparonlIy a pojoralivo roforonco lo a scmcnc, soo ITS dicl. Nolo llo accusalivo pIuraI, i.o. llo samo caso as |ncm ... tcnncm jusl
boforo.
8
8cn!|up!pcccc, a balubbli compound quaIifying scmcnc|c, formaIIy rosombIing a llroo mombor lappurisa compound: 'offspring' (cpcccc) +
'of llo fool' (p!c) + 'of llo kinsman' (|cn!|u). 8cn!|u ('kinsman') is a synonym for 8rc|m.
9
Asscrcni, prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill |r|mcn.
1O
8r|mcniqc, fominino form of |r|mcnc.
11
Ycnij, abIalivo lappurisa compound.
12
Nolo llo llroo ccs, connocling llo llroo plrasos.
13
Pniipi, can bo rogardod as a noun (a lappurisa compound) in apposilion lo ||ciiiqc or as a balubbli compound (i.o., an adjoclivo)
quaIifying llo samo, soo Wardor pp.188 and 122. So aIso for llo foIIoving compounds.
14
Micc|cr. Tloso in-slom nouns can bo rogardod as possossivo (soo Wardor p.122), llus 'ono vlo pnssesses vrong conducl'.
15
Kmcsu, loro rofors lo soxuaIily bul llis vord usuaIIy porlains lo aII llo fivo sonsos.
16
Pciitircic, pasl parlicipIo funclioning as an adjoclivo, soo ITS dicl.
17
Pniipi, a gonilivo lappurisa compound ('llo kiIIing nI ...') in llo abIalivo caso, i.o. onding in . Tlo abIalivo is roquirod by pciitircic,
'abslaining Irnm'.
18
I.o., a mixluro of good and bad quaIilios. U||cqctc|inncsu is a balubbla compound quaIifying tcnncsu, 'caslos'.
19
Vciicmncsu, prosonl parlicipIo, Iocalivo pIuraI lo agroo vill tcnncsu, 'caslos'.
2O
Kcn|csu||csu !|cmmcsu tiugcrc|iicsu c'ctc tipcscii|csu cc. Il is nol cIoar vlollor llis is lo bo rogardod as quaIifling tcnncsu or vlollor
il slouId bo soon as llo Iocalivo 'objocl' of tciicmncsu. }udging from oxorciso 18, passago 2 (lovards llo bollom of p.131), llo vorb tciicii doos
indood lako 'objocls' in llo Iocalivo (criqc cc||ctciiitciic tciii, 'lo conducls limsoIf in llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl'). Tlus I
assumo llal is llo caso aIso in llo prosonl oxorciso. D|cmmcsu, llon, is llo objocl of tciicmncsu and |cn|csu||csu, tiugcrc|iicsu, and
tipcscii|csu aro balubbli compounds (formaIIy rosombIing a dvanda, a lappurisa, and anollor lappurisa compound rospoclivoIy)
quaIifying !|cmmcsu.
21
Tlo vloIo cIauso, imcsu ... tipcscii|csu cc, is a Iocalivo absoIulo. Nolo llal llo Iocalivo absoIulo conslruclion may incIudo objocls/palionls
of llo absoIulo parlicipIo in vlalovor caso roIovanl (loro llo Iocalivo), soo Wardor p.1O3.
22
Yc!, loro usod as an advorb vlicl moaning is vory broad, soo Wardor pp.72 and 291.
23
1cscm, loro probabIy dalivo of advanlago.
24
1cm |issc |ciu, Iil. 'of vlal is llal llo causo'.
25
K|nsctc = ||nc ('oxlauslod')+ sctc ('oulfIoving'), is a balubbli compound quaIifying ||i|||u, 'monk'. Il is formaIIy simiIar lo a
kammadlraya compound vloro llo pasl parlicipIo ||inc funclions as an adjoclivo lo sctc, i.o. '(vlo las) oulfIovings vlicl aro oxlauslod'.
(AIlornalivoIy llis couId bo rogardod as an accusalivo lappurisa slrucluro vill sctc boing llo palionl of ||inc, '(a monk) vlo las oxlauslod
llo lainls'). Nolo llal aIllougl ||nsctc is singuIar lo agroo vill ||i|||u, sliII llo pIuraI 'oulfIovings' musl bo undorslood, soo Com.
26
Vusiict, possossivo adjoclivo in -tcni, soo Wardor pp.158 and 252.
27
Kcic|crcnqc = |cic ('dono') + |crcnqc ('duly').
28
O|iic||rc = c|iic ('pul dovn', pasl parlicipIo) + ||rc ('burdon').
29
Anupciicsc!cii|c = cnupciic ('allainod') + sc! (=scni, 'lruo') + cii|c ('goaI').
3O
Pcri|||nc||ctcscmqcjcnc = pcri|||nc ('oIiminalod') + ||ctc ('boing') + scmqcjcnc ('follor').
31
Scmmc!ctimuiic = scmmc! (=scmmc, 'rigll') + c ('knovIodgo') + timuiic ('frood').
29
''Vsolllas, lloro is llal limo vlon
7
, somo limo or ollor,
8
aflor llo passago of a Iong limo,
9
llis vorId
conlracls (scmtciicii). Wlon llo vorId is conlracling,
1O
boings aro for llo mosl parl (qc||uqqcnc) conlracling lo
(scmtciicni|c) llo vorId of radianco
11
. Tloro lloy aro mind-mado, fooding on joy, soIf-Iuminous, Iiving in llo sky,
romaining in gIory,
12
(and) lloy slay (llus) for a Iong (circm), Iong (!g|cm) limo. (And) Vsolllas, lloro is llal
limo vlon, somo limo or ollor, aflor llo passago of a Iong limo, llis vorId oxpands (titciicii). Wlon llo vorId is
oxpanding, boings, for llo mosl parl, laving faIIon from llo group (|qc) of llo vorId of radianco, como lo llis
vorId. And lloy aro mind-mado, fooding on joy, soIf-Iuminous, Iiving in llo sky, romaining in gIory, (and) lloy slay
(llus) for a Iong, Iong limo. Al llal limo, Vsolllas, (llo vorId) is consisling onliroIy (ctc) of valor, (and) lloro is
darknoss, pilcl-darknoss
13
. Tlo moon and llo sun aro nol discornod
14
, llo Iunar mansions
15
and llo consloIIalions
16

aro nol discornod, niglls and days
17
aro nol discornod, monlls and laIf-monlls aro nol discornod, soasons and
yoars aro nol discornod, fomaIo and maIo
18
aro nol discornod. Boings go lo cIassificalion simpIy (ctc) (as) 'boings'
19
.
Tlon, Vsolllas, somo limo or ollor, aflor a Iong limo, for lloso boings
2O
lasly-oarll
21
slrolclod oul
22
on llo valor.
}usl as, vliIo lol miIk
23
is boing cooIod
24
, lloro is a fiIm
25
on lop, jusl so il appoarod. Il vas ondovod vill coIour,
ondovod vill odour, |167] ondovod vill laslo, jusl as gloo is ondovod
26
or bullor (nctcnicm) is ondovod, il lad
sucl coIour
27
, and (pi) jusl as lonoy vlicl is svool (and) puro, il lad sucl onjoymonl
28
. Tlon, Vsolllas, a corlain
vanlon-nalurod
29
boing llinking
3O
: ''Hoy,
31
jusl vlal migll llis bo
32
`'', laslod
33
lasly-oarll vill a fingor. WliIo il
vas lasling
34
lasly-oarll vill a fingor,
35
il
36
onvoIopod (llo boing)
37
and craving doscondod inlo il
38
. AIso corlain

Kcic|crcnqc lo scmmc!ctimuiic aro fivo balubbli compounds aII quaIifying ||i|||u.
1
Aggcm, Iil. 'poak'.
2
Or 'among llom', icscm. Horo llo gonilivo is simiIar lo llo Iocalivo.
3
I.o., using Dlamma as llo slandard.
4
jcnc, sooms lo bo a Iocalivo of roforonco, soo Wardor pp.1OO-1O2.
5
Diii|c ... !|cmmc, Iil. 'in llo visibIo ... plonomonon/slalo'. Il las llo conloxluaI moaning of 'in llis Iifo' in llo sullas.
6
A||iscmpcrqc, according lo DI il is an indocIinabIo. IndocIinabIos can lavo a sonso difforonl from llo caso lloy appoar in. Tlus loro llo
accusalivo caso las a Iocalivo sonso.
7
Ycm, again laking il as an indocIinabIo. Soo aIso ILD undor qc.
8
Kc! ci |crc|c ci, soo DI.
9
Ior llo uso of ccccqcnc, soo Wardor p.45. Ior c!!|unc, gonilivo singuIar of c!!|cn, soo Wardor p.154.
1O
Iocalivo absoIulo.
11
||csscrcscmtciicni|, balubbli compound quaIifying scii, 'boings'. Nolo llal scmtciicni| is dorivod from llo samo rool and profix as
scmtciicmnc jusl boforo and llus llo moaning musl bo cIosoIy roIalod. (Tlo compound can bo rogardod as simiIar lo an accusalivo lappurisa
compound, i.o. scmtciicni| boing an aclion noun laking ||csscrc as ils palionl, soo Wardor p.138).
12
Iivo balibbli compounds quaIifying ic, 'lloy'. (Tlo Iasl ono, su||cii|qinc, is a nominalivo pIuraI in llo in-slom.) Nolo llo 'bound form' al
llo ond of oacl compound, soo Wardor p.92.
13
An!|c|rciimis, soo DI.
14
Pcqcnii, passivo pIuraI of pcjnii.
15
Nc|||ciini, llis sooms lo rofor lo llo parlicuIar consloIIalion llal llo moon passos llrougl during llo yoar, soo Com.
16
1rc|crpni, Iil. 'llo forms of llo slars', sooms lo rofor lo llo consloIIalions aparl from llo Iunar mansions, soo Com.
17
Rciiin!it, dvanda compound vill pIuraI infIoclion. Tlo moaning is oillor 'niglls and days' or 'nigll and day'. In llo Iallor caso llo pIuraI is
duo lo lloro boing lvo 'iloms', soo Wardor p.97. Nolo llal !itc is an cs-slom noun, soo Wardor p.158.
18
|ii|ipum, soo DI. Pum is an cn-slom noun, soo Wardor p.154.
19
I.o., lloy aro considorod simpIy as boings. Ior llo idiom scn||cm gccc|cii, soo Wardor p.161.
2O
1cscm ... sciincm, probabIy dalivo.
21
Rcscpci|ct, sooms lo bo a kammadlraya compound, Iil. 'llo oarll vlicl las laslo'.
22
Scmcini, aorisl of scnicncii.
23
Pcqcsc, gonilivo of cs-slom, soo Wardor p.154.
24
Ni||qcmncssc is llo gonilivo prosonl parlicipIo passivo of ni||ii. Tlo vloIo plraso is a gonilivo absoIulo.
25
Scninc|cm, Iil. 'a slrolcling'.
26
Scmpcnncm t scppi, vloro scppi is an i-slom noulor noun and scmpcnncm is a pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill scppi, bul rolaining llo c-slom (i.o.
llo nominalivo noulor of llo i-slom is i, vliIo llo nominalivo noulor of llo c-slom is cm).
27
|tcmtcnn, balubbli compound slarling vill an indocIinabIo, quaIifying s, 'il', al llo boginning of llo sonlonco.
28
I.o. 'il vas llal onjoyabIo'. |tcmcss! is anollor balubbli compound quaIifying s.
29
Or 'of a roslIoss naluro', |c|cjii|c, a balubbli compound.
3O
'Tlinking' is impIiod llo ii marking a quolo, soo Wardor pp.35-36.
31
Am||c - soo DI.
32
8|ctisscii, fuluro oxprossing surpriso or vondor, soo Wardor p.55.
33
Sqi, llird porson singuIar aorisl of sqcii.
34
Sqcic, prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo singuIar, agroing vill icssc.
35
Gonilivo absoIulo.
36
I.o., llo laslo. Soo noxl foolnolo.
37
I.o., llo boing vas consumod by llo laslo. Acc|!csi migll bo inlorprolod in lvo vays: as llo aorisl of c|!cii or as llo aorisl of ccc|!cii.
C|!cii las llo sonso of 'lo bo pIoasod' and llo agonl vouId in llis conloxl bo ccicrc sciic. Tlroo Iinos furllor dovn in Wardor's loxl ccc|!csi
occurs again and, if il is lakon lo moan 'lo bo pIoasod', llo agonl vouId lavo lo bo ccicrc scii. Tlis is nol possibIo bocauso of llo Iack of
agroomonl bolvoon llo vorb (singuIar) and polonliaI agonl (pIuraI). Tlus il sooms ccc|!csi musl bo llo aorisl of ccc|!cii, 'lo cIoll', 'lo covor',
or 'onvoIopo', soo ILD. In llis caso, aIllougl nol oxpIicil, llo impIiod agonl is 'llo laslo'. (Tlis sooms lo bo supporlod by llo Com.).
38
Assc c||cmi. AIllougl llo LngIisl lransIalion las a Iocalivo sonso, c||cmi may lako llo gonilivo, soo DI undor c||cmcii.
30
(ollor) boings, Vsolllas, foIIoving llo viov
1
of llal boing, laslod lasly-oarll vill a fingor. WliIo lloy voro
lasling
2
lasly-oarll vill a fingor,
3
il onvoIopod (llo boings) and craving doscondod inlo llom. Tlon, Vsolllas,
lloso boings foII upon lasly-oarll making piocos
4
vill llo lands lo onjoy
5
. Wlon,
6
Vsolllas, boings foII upon lasly-
oarll making piocos vill llo lands lo onjoy, llon llo soIf-Iuminosily
7
of lloso boings disappoarod. Wlon llo soIf-
Iuminosily disappoarod,
8
moon and sun appoarod. Wlon moon and sun appoarod, llo Iunar mansions and llo
consloIIalions appoarod. Wlon llo Iunar mansions and llo consloIIalions appoarod, niglls and days voro discornod.
Wlon niglls and days voro boing discornod,
9
monlls and laIf-monlls voro discornod. Wlon monlls and laIf-
monlls voro boing discornod, soasons and yoars voro discornod. To llal oxlonl, Vsolllas, llis vorId vas again
oxpandod
1O
.''

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 268, 2-3 +8 - 269,11)

Exercise 21

Passage 1 (D I 52,21 - 53,4)

Wlon llis lad boon said, VonorabIo Sir, Irana Kassapa said llis lo mo: |177] ''Groal King, vlon doing,
11

vlon causing lo do,
12
vlon culling, vlon causing lo cul, vlon lorluring,
13
vlon causing lo lorluro, vlon causing
lo griovo, vlon causing lo dislross,
14
vlon slaking, vlon causing lo slako, vlon causing lo kiII a Iiving boing,
vlon laking llo ungivon, vlon culling a broak,
15
vlon laking pIundor,
16
vlon doing
17
burgIary, vlon slanding in
ambusl
18
, vlon going lo llo vifo of ollors, vlon spoaking faIsolood, vlon doing,
19
no oviI is dono
2O
. AIso, if vill
a razor-rimmod vlooI, vlo slouId mako
21
llo Iiving boings of llis oarll (inlo) ono masl of fIosl
22
, ono loap of
fIosl, lloro is no oviI
23
from llal sourco
24
, lloro is no coming of oviI.
25
AIso, if ono slouId como aIong llo soullorn
bank of llo Gangos, kiIIing, causing lo kiII, culling, causing lo cul, lorluring, (and) causing lo lorluro
26
, lloro is no
oviI from llal sourco, lloro is no coming of oviI. AIso, if ono voro lo go aIong llo norllorn bank of llo Gangos,
giving, causing lo givo, offoring, (and) causing lo offor, lloro is no moril from llal sourco, lloro is no coming of

1
Diii|nugciim pcjjcmn. Tlo IaIi idiom is difficuIl lo lransIalo vord for vord inlo LngIisl.
2
Sqcicm, prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo pIuraI of sqcii.
3
Again, gonilivo absoIulo.
4
|umpc|rc|cm, advorb. Il sooms lo bo a vorbaI compound (soo Wardor p.156) conlaining a noun, |umpc, 'pioco(s)', and a gorund/absoIulivo,
|rc|cm (so-caIIod ncmu| absoIulivo), soo DI undor |crcii. Nolo lov llo gorund loro is bosl lransIalod as a prosonl parlicipIo, cf. Wardor p.48,
'!qc'. (Nolo llal vloroas Wardor usos llo lorm 'gorund', llo oquivaIonl lorm 'absoIulivo' is mosl commonIy usod novadays.)
5
I.o. 'for llo purposo of onjoymonl'. Tlo infinilivo is inlorclangoabIo vill llo dalivo of purposo, soo Wardor p.134.
6
Ycic, soo ILD.
7
Scqcmpc||, loro a kammadlraya compound, i.o. il is usod as a noun. In llo provious paragrapl scqcmpc|| is a balubbli compound and
usod as an adjoclivo (ic icii|c |cnii mcncmcq pii||c||| scqcmpc|| ...).
8
Iocalivo absoIulo. And four moro in llo foIIoving loxl.
9
Pcqcmncsu, prosonl parlicipIo passivo.
1O
Vitciic, pasl parlicipIo of titciicii.
11
Kcrcic, gonilivo prosonl parlicipIo singuIar, as is llo vloIo Iisl foIIoving |crcic. Tlis is prosumabIy a gonilivo absoIulo conslruclion dospilo
llo absonco of a pronoun, soo NCRI VIII,3 and X,1.
12
Krcqcic, from |rcii (causalivo), cqc and c boing inlorclangoabIo, soo Wardor pp.79-8O + 82.
13
Pcccic, Iil. '(vlon) cooking'.
14
Ki|cmcqcic, soo DI undor |i|cmcii.
15
Scn!|im c|in!cic, apparonlIy llis moans 'robbing lousos', soo ILD.
16
I.o., vlon pIundoring.
17
Kcrcic, aIlornalivo form of |crcic.
18
Pcripcni|c, Iocalivo.
19
Il is sIigllIy curious llal |crcic occurs loro sinco il las aIroady appoarod al llo boginning of llo sonlonco. Maybo loro il is moanl as a
summing up of aII llo provious aclions.
2O
Kcrqcii, passivo of |crcii.
21
Kcrcqqc, loro sooms lo lako lvo palionls, i.o. lo mako somolling ('Iiving boings')(1) inlo somolling ('ono masl of fIosl')(2).
22
||cmcmsc||c|cm = c|c ('ono') + mcmsc ('fIosl') + ||c|cm ('llrosling' or 'masl', soo DI). A lappurisa compound (mcmsc-||c|cm) villin a
kammadlraya, c|c boing an adjoclivo (soo Wardor p.116) quaIifying llo rosl of llo compound.
23
Ppcm is loro a synonym for cpucm, 'domoril', i.o. bad |cmmc, bocauso llo opposilo of ppcm (furllor dovn llo paragrapl) is pucm.
24
1cicni!ncm = icic ('from llal') + ni!ncm ('sourco') is probabIy lo bo road as a balubbli compound acling as an adjoclivo quaIifying ppcm,
Iil. '(oviI) vlicl las a sourco from llal'. Il sooms llal ni!ncm loro las mucl llo samo funclion as llo abIalivo onding of icic. Tlo compound
can porlaps bosl bo lransIalod simpIy as 'from llal', soo ILD undor ni!nc. AIso nolo llal icic rolains ils abIalivo onding ovon as llo firsl
mombor of llo compound duo lo ils advorbiaI sonso, i.o. il doos nol quaIify any noun.
25
Nolo llal lloro is no domonslralivo pronoun in llo main cIauso loro, o.g. 'for lim', lo agroo vill llo roIalivo pronoun qc, 'vlo', in llo
roIalivo cIauso immodialoIy procoding il. Soo Wardor pp.71 and 291.
26
Six prosonl parlicipIos nominalivo singuIar, agrooing vill llo subjocl of gccc|cqqc.
31
moril. By gifls,
1
by roslrainl, by soIf-conlroI, by spoocl vlicl is lrullfuI,
2
lloro is no moril, lloro is no coming of
moril.'' Tlus, VonorabIo Sir, Irana Kassapa, boing askod by mo (mc) (aboul) llo fruil of rocIusoslip in llis Iifo
(scn!iii|i|cm),
3
oxpIainod inaclion
4
.

Passage 2 (D III 86,11 - 93,21)

Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings, vlo voro onjoying lasly-oarll, vlo voro fooding on il,
5
vlo voro laving il
as nulrimonl,
6
romainod for a Iong, Iong limo. }usl as,
7
Vsolllas, lloso boings vlo voro onjoying lasly-oarll, vlo
voro fooding on il, vlo voro laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a Iong, Iong limo, jusl so
8
a coarsonoss doscondod
inlo llo body of lloso boings, and a discoIouralion of (lloir) boauly
9
vas discornod. Somo (c|c) boings lloro
1O
voro
boaulifuI, somo lloro voro ugIy. Tloro, lloso boings vlo voro boaulifuI, lloy dospisod llo ugIy boings: ''Wo aro
moro boaulifuI
11
llan llom
12
, lloy aro ugIior llan us.'' Duo lo llo condilion of boauly-concoil,
13
lasly-oarll
disappoarod for lloso
14
vlo lad a naluro of prido and concoil
15
. Wlon llo lasly oarll disappoarod,
16
lloy assombIod,
(and) laving assombIod lloy Iamonlod: ''Ol llo laslo, ol llo laslo!''
17
So,
18
aIso nov, poopIo laving oblainod somo
good
19
laslo
2O
, say llus: ''Ol llo laslo, ol llo laslo.'' Tloy jusl (ctc) foIIov llal ancionl, originaI oxprossion, bul (it
ct') lloy don'l undorsland llo moaning of il (cssc).
Tlon, Vsolllas, vlon llo lasly oarll lad disappoarod for lloso boings,
21
a ground-fungus
22
appoarod. }usl
Iiko a muslroom
23
, jusl so
24
il appoarod. Il vas ondovod vill coIour, ondovod vill odour, ondovod vill laslo.
}usl as gloo is ondovod |178] or bullor is ondovod, il lad (c|csi) sucl coIour. And jusl as lonoy vlicl is svool
(and) puro, il lad sucl onjoymonl. Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings foII upon llo ground-fungus lo onjoy (il). Tloy,
vlo voro onjoying il (icm), vlo voro fooding on il, vlo voro laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a Iong, Iong
limo. }usl as, Vsolllas, lloso boings vlo voro onjoying llo ground-fungus, vlo voro fooding on il, vlo voro
laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a vory Iong limo, jusl so lo a sliII groalor dogroo
25
coarsonoss doscondod inlo
llo body of lloso boings, and a discoIouralion of (lloir) boauly vas discornod. Somo boings lloro voro boaulifuI,
somo boings lloro voro ugIy. Tloro, lloso boings vlo voro boaulifuI, lloy dospisod llo ugIy boings: ''Wo aro moro
boaulifuI llan llom, lloy aro ugIior llan us.'' Duo lo llo condilion of boauly-concoil, llo ground-fungus
disappoarod for lloso vlo lad a naluro of prido and concoil. Wlon llo ground-fungus disappoarod, a croopor
appoarod. }usl Iiko llo KaIambuk (croopor), jusl so il appoarod. Il vas ondovod vill coIour, ondovod vill odour,

1
Or 'by giving'. Dnc is a coIIoclivo singuIar noun, llus 'gifls' dospilo llo singuIar -cnc onding.
2
Scccctcjjcm, kammadlraya compound vill scccc quaIifying tcjjcm.
3
Scn!iii|i|cm smccp|c|cm, Iil. 'llo visibIo fruil of rocIusoslip'.
4
I.o., llo doclrino of inaclion.
5
1cm||c||| = icm ('il') + ||c||| ('fooding on'), balubbli compound quaIifying scii, 'boings'. Tlo compound is formaIIy Iiko a lappurisa
compound, vill ||c||| boing a 'bound form'.
6
1c!|r = ic! ('il') + |r ('nulrimonl'). Anollor balubbli compound quaIifying scii, bul llis limo formaIIy Iiko a kammadlraya
compound. 1c! is a domonslralivo pronoun roIaling lo |r, 'llal nulrimonl' or 'llo nulrimonl vlicl is llal' or 'llal as nulrimonl'. Convorling
llo kammadlraya inlo a balubbli, i.o. inlo an adjoclivo, ono gols: 'laving llal/il as nulrimonl'.
7
I.o., in accordanco vill. Yci| qci|, ropolilion lo givo dislribulivo moaning ('as-ovor'), soo Wardor p.171.
8
1ci| ici| ('so-ovor'), domonslralivo roIaling lo qci| qci|, inlroducing domonslralivo and roIalivo cIausos rospoclivoIy. Bocauso qci| is
ropoalod (dislribulivo moaning), so is ici|.
9
Vcnnctctcnnci = tcnnc + tctcnnci, a lappurisa compound. Il cannol bo a dvanda compound bocauso il vouId llon nol agroo vill llo
singuIar vorb, pcqiii|c (llird porson singuIar aorisl passivo of llo middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315).
1O
|!cm, loro an indocIinabIo.
11
Vcnnctcnicicr, nolo llo comparalivo onding -icr. Tlo vord acls Iiko an adjoclivo agrooing vill mcqcm (nominalivo pIuraI), soo Wardor
p.123.
12
|ic|i, abIalivo of comparison, llus llo lransIalion 'than llom', soo Wardor p.124.
13
Vcnniimncpccccq, a llroo mombor lappurisa compound, Iil. '(from) llo condilion (pccccq) of concoil (ciimnc) from/duo lo boauly (tcnnc)'.
Tlo vloIo compound boing in llo abIalivo caso (-pccccq), i.o. abIalivo of causo, llus 'duo lo'.
14
1cscm, dalivo of disadvanlago, compIimonlary lo dalivo of advanlago, soo Wardor p.67.
15
I.o., for lloso vlo lad bocomo proud and concoilod. Mniimncjii|ncm is a dvanda compound villin a lappurisa villin a balubbbi
compound: '(for lloso) vlo lad a naluro (jii|ncm) of prido (mnc) and concoil (ciimnc)'. Tlo vloIo lling quaIifios icscm.
16
Gonilivo absoIulo.
17
A|c, loro oxprossing disappoinlmonl, bul llo samo plraso oxprossos vondor jusl boIov, soo Wardor p.171.
18
1c!, advorb.
19
S!|u is a u-slom adjoclivo quaIifying rcscm. Ono vouId lavo oxpoclod s!|um so as lo agroo vill llo mascuIino accusalivo rcscm. Maybo
s!|u is an aIlornalivo accusalivo singuIar, nol monlionod by Wardor, cf. Wardor p.134. Or maybo rcscm is a noulor noun, in vlicl caso s!|u
vouId bo noulor accusalivo..
2O
I.o., laving oblainod somolling nico lo oal.
21
Iocalivo absoIulo.
22
8|mipcppcic|c, lappurisa compound, 'a fungus of llo ground'.
23
Iil. 'a slado for a snako'. A|icc|cic|c = c|i ('snako') + (c)c|ciic|c ('slado'), a lappurisa compound.
24
|tcm ctcm, apparonlIy samo moaning as ctcm ctc.
25
8|iqqcsc mciiqc, abIalivo according lo Wardor's vocabuIary.
32
ondovod vill laslo. }usl as gloo is ondovod or bullor is ondovod, il lad sucl coIour. And jusl as lonoy vlicl is
svool (and) puro, il lad sucl onjoymonl.
Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings foII upon llo croopor lo onjoy. Tloy, onjoying il, fooding on il, laving il as
nulrimonl, romainod for a vory Iong limo. }usl as, Vsolllas, lloso boings, onjoying llo croopor, fooding on il,
laving il as nulrimonl, olc. Wlon llo croopor disappoarod,
1
lloy assombIod, (and) laving assombIod lloy Iamonlod:
''AIas, il vas
2
ours
3
! AIas, our croopor las disappoarod
4
!'' So (ic!), aIso nov, poopIo vlo aro louclod by somo
painfuI lling
5
, say llus: ''AIas, il vas ours! AIas, (vlal vas) ours las disappoarod!'' Tloy jusl foIIov llal ancionl,
originaI oxprossion, bul lloy do nol undorsland ils (cssc) moaning.
Tlon, Vsolllas, vlon llo croopor lad disappoarod for lloso boings, rico appoarod vlicl riponod in
uncuIlivalod (ground)
6
, villoul bran,
7
villoul lusk, vlicl lad pIoasanl smoII,
8
(and) vlicl lad rico-grain-fruil
9
.
Tlal vlicl lloy coIIoclod in llo ovoning for llo ovoning moaI
1O
, in llo morning llal vas ripo (and) grovn again
11
.
Tlal vlicl lloy coIIoclod in llo morning for llo morning moaI, in llo ovoning llal vas ripo (and) grovn again, llo
larvosl vas nol discornod
12
. Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings, onjoying llo rico vlicl riponod in uncuIlivalod
(ground), fooding on il, laving il as nulrimonl, olc. and a discoIouralion of (lloir) boauly vas discornod. Ior
fomaIo
13
llo fomaIo claraclorislic
14
aroso, and for maIo llo maIo claraclorislic. And fomaIo llougll oxcossivoIy
aboul maIo, |179] and maIo (aboul) fomaIo. WliIo lloy voro llinking
15
oxcossivoIy aboul oacl ollor
16
, Iusl aroso, a
fovor (of Iusl) aroso in llo body. Tloy, duo lo llo condilion of fovor
17
, induIgod in sox
18
. Bul vlicl boings
19
,
Vsolllas, al llal limo, sav llom (ic) induIging in sox, somo
2O
(of llom) llrov dirl, somo llrov asl, somo llrov
covdung, saying: ''Iorisl, impuro ono
21
! Iorisl, impuro ono!'' ''Ior lov couId a boing do
22
sucl lo a boing
23
`'' So,
aIso nov, poopIo, vlon in somo counlrios llo brido is boing Ioad oul,
24
somo
25
llrov dirl, somo llrov asl, somo
llrov cov-dung. Tloy jusl foIIov llal ancionl, originaI oxprossion, bul lloy do nol undorsland ils moaning.
So (||c pcnc), Vsolllas, al llal limo il vas considorod impropor (c!|cmmc), (bul) nov llal is considorod
propor. And (||c pcnc), Vsolllas, vlicl boings al llal limo induIgod in sox, lloy did nol gol (|c||cnii) lo onlor llo
viIIago or lovn for a monll or (pi) lvo monlls. Bocauso (qcic), Vsolllas, al llo limo, lloso boings induIgod
oxcossivoIy in llo impropor (csc!!|cmmc), lloy llon (ci|c) vonl inlo lousos lo carry oul (|ium) llo aim (cii|cm) of
concoaImonl of llal vory (ctc) immoraIily (csc!!|cmmcssc).
Tlon, Vsolllas, a corlain Iazy-nalurod boing llougll llis:
26
''I say (cm||c), jusl vly am I lroubIod
27

coIIocling
28
rico in llo ovoning for llo ovoning moaI (and) in llo morning for llo morning moaI. Wlal if I voro lo
coIIocl rico jusl (ctc) onco for llo morning and ovoning moaI
29
.'' Tlon, Vsolllas, llal boing coIIoclod
3O
rico jusl onco

1
Iocalivo absoIulo.
2
A|u, rool aorisl of |cii, soo Wardor p.353.
3
Nc, oncIilic gonilivo of mcqcm, 'vo', soo Wardor p.115.
4
|qi, aorisl passivo of |.
5
Du|||c!|cmmcnc, a kammadlraya compound, '(by) a lling (!|cmmc) vlicl is painfuI (!u|||c)'.
6
Or 'vlicl riponod villoul cuIlivalion'. A|cii|cp|c is an adjoclivo according lo DI and llus a balubbli compound quaIifying s|i (s|i musl
llon bo a mascuIino noun in llis caso). A|cii|c is llo nogalivo pasl parlicipIo of |cscii, 'pIovs'.
7
A|cnc, soo DI.
8
Sugcn!|c = su + gcn!|c, soo Wardor p.98.
9
1cn]u|cp|c|c = icn]u|c + p|c|c, a kammadlraya compound, Iil. 'fruil vlicl vas rico-grains'. Il is a noun in apposilion lo s|i (i.o., lloy quaIify
oacl ollor bul rolain lloir ovn gondor). Tlo ollor nouns in llis sonlonco aro simiIarIy in apposilion lo s|i.
1O
Scqcmsqc = scqcm + sqc, kammadlraya compound in llo dalivo caso (dalivo of purposo soo Wardor p.67).
11
Pciitir||cm, pasl parlicipIo of pciitiru|cii.
12
I.o., couId nol bo discornod.
13
|ii|iq, sooms lo bo dalivo.
14
|ii|i|ingcm = iii|i + |ingc, a kammadlraya compound ('llo claraclorislic vlicl is fomaIo' or 'llo fomaIo claraclorislic') or a lappurisa
compound (i.o. 'llo claraclorislic of fomaIos').
15
Upcnijj|qcicm, prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo pIuraI. Tlo vloIo plraso is a gonilivo absoIulo.
16
Acm ccm, soo DI.
17
Pcri||cpccccq, a kammadlraya compound, 'llo condilion vlicl is Iusl'. Tlo compound as a vloIo is an abIalivo of causo, llus 'duo lo ...',
soo Wardor p.89.
18
Mci|uncm !|cmmcm, accusalivo nol Iocalivo. Tlo IaIi idiom loro is sIigllIy difforonl from llo LngIisl.
19
I.o., lloso boings vlicl.
2O
Ac is loro llo corroIalivo pronoun roIaling lo llo roIalivo qc, 'vlicl'. Nolo llo roIalivo cIauso/domonslralivo cIauso conslruclion.
21
Asuci, loro sooms lo bo a vocalivo noun rallor llan an adjoclivo, cf. Wardor's vocabuIary.
22
Kci|cm |i ncmc ... |crisscii, indignalion oxprossod by fuluro lonso, soo Wardor p.55.
23
Dalivo.
24
Gonilivo absoIulo. Ni||uq|cmnqc is a prosonl parlicipIo passivo Iocalivo.
25
I.o., somo poopIo. Nolo llal cc loro agroos vill mcnuss, boll boing nominalivo pIuraI.
26
Tlo slandard idiomalic conslruclion lo indicalo llinking, soo Wardor p.56.
27
Vi|cmi, passivo.
28
|crcnic, agrooing vill c|cm.
29
Sqcpicrsqc, a dvanda compound (sqcpicr) villin a lappurisa compound, llo vloIo compound boing singuIar dalivo.
3O
|csi, aorisl of |crcii.
33
for llo morning and ovoning moaI. Tlon, Vsolllas, a corlain boing approaclod llal boing, (and) laving
approaclod, said llis lo llal boing: ''Como, lonourod boing, Iol's go
1
lo llo rico-coIIocling
2
.'' ''Lnougl, lonourod
boing, rico las boon coIIoclod by mo jusl onco for llo morning and ovoning moaI.'' Tlon, Vsolllas, llal boing,
foIIoving llo viov (!iii|nugciim pcjjcmnc) of llal boing, coIIoclod rico jusl (ctc) onco for lvo days
3
llinking:
''Indood (|irc), your lonour, llus aIso il is good''. Tlon, Vsolllas, a corlain boing approaclod llal boing, (and)
laving approaclod, said llis lo llal boing: ''Como, lonourod boing, Iol's go lo llo rico-coIIocling.'' ''Lnougl,
lonourod boing, rico las boon coIIoclod by mo jusl onco for lvo days.'' Tlon, Vsolllas, llal boing foIIoving llo
viov of llal boing, coIIoclod rico jusl onco for four days llinking: ''Indood, your lonour, llus aIso il is good.'' Tlon,
Vsolllas, a corlain boing approaclod llal boing, (and) laving approaclod, said llis lo llal boing: ''Como,
lonourod boing, Iol's go lo llo rico-coIIocling.'' ''Lnougl, lonourod boing, rico las boon coIIoclod by mo jusl onco
for four days.'' ''Tlon, Vsolllas, llal boing foIIoving llo viov of llal boing, coIIoclod rico jusl onco for oigll days
llinking: ''Indood, your lonour, llus aIso il is good.'' Bocauso (qcic), |180] Vsolllas, lloso boings, making a sloro,
4

foII upon llo rico lo onjoy (il), llon (ci|c) bran onvoIopod llo rico-grain, and (pi) lusk onvoIopod llo rico-grain, and
llo roapod
5
(rico) vas nol ro-grovn ((p)pciitir||cm) llo larvosl vas discornod
6
, (and) rico (pIanls) romainod in
llick cIuslors
7
.
Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings assombIod, (and) laving assombIod, lloy Iamonlod: ''AIas, your lonour, oviI
vays (!|cmm) lavo appoarod among boings, for (|i) formorIy vo voro (c|um|) mind-mado, fooding on joy, soIf-
Iuminous, Iiving in llo sky, romaining in gIory, (and) vo romainod for a vory Iong limo. Al somo limo or ollor, aflor
llo passago of a Iong limo, lasly-oarll slrolclod oul on llo valor for us
8
. Il vas ondovod vill coIour, ondovod
vill odour, ondovod vill laslo. Wo
9
foII upon lasly-oarll making piocos vill llo lands lo onjoy, (and) vlon vo
voro faIIing upon lasly-oarll making piocos vill llo lands
1O
lo onjoy, llo soIf-Iuminosily disappoarod. Wlon llo
soIf-Iuminosily disappoarod
11
, moon and sun appoarod. Wlon moon and sun appoarod, llo Iunar mansions and llo
consloIIalions appoarod. Wlon llo Iunar mansions and llo consloIIalions appoarod, niglls and days voro discornod.
Wlon niglls and day voro boing discornod, monlls and laIf-monlls voro discornod. Wlon monlls and laIf-
monlls voro boing discornod, soasons and yoars voro discornod. Wo, vlo voro onjoying lasly-oarll, fooding on il,
laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a vory Iong limo, bul
12
duo lo llo appoaranco
13
of oviI unvloIosomo vays
(!|cmm), lasly-oarll disappoarod for us (icscm nc). Wlon lasly-oarll disappoarod, a ground-fungus appoarod. Il (sc)
vas ondovod vill coIour, ondovod vill odour, ondovod vill laslo. Wo foII upon llo ground-fungus lo onjoy. Wo,
onjoying il (icm), fooding on il, laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a vory Iong limo. Bul duo lo llo appoaranco of
oviI unvloIosomo vays, llo ground-fungus disappoarod for us. Wlon llo ground-fungus disappoarod, llo croopor
appoarod. Il (s) vas ondovod vill coIour, ondovod vill odour, ondovod vill laslo. Wo foII upon llo croopor lo
onjoy. Wo, onjoying il, fooding on il, laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a vory Iong limo. Bul duo lo llo
appoaranco of oviI unvloIosomo vays, llo croopor disappoarod for us. Wlon llo croopor disappoarod, rico
appoarod vlicl riponod in uncuIlivalod (ground), villoul bran, villoul lusk, puro, vlicl lad pIoasanl odour,
(and) vlicl lad rico-grain-fruil. Tlal vlicl vo coIIoclod
14
in llo ovoning for llo ovoning moaI, in llo morning llal
vas ripo (and) grovn again. Tlal vlicl vo coIIoclod in llo morning for llo morning moaI, in llo ovoning llal vas
ripo (and) grovn again, llo larvosl vas nol discornod
15
. |181] Wo, onjoying llo rico vlicl riponod in uncuIlivalod
ground, fooding on il, laving il as nulrimonl, romainod for a vory Iong limo. Bul duo lo llo appoaranco of oviI
unvloIosomo vays, bran onvoIopod our rico-grain, lusk loo (pi) onvoIopod our rico grain, aIso (pi) llo roapod did
nol ro-grov, llo larvosl vas discornod, llo rico (pIanls) romainod in llick cIuslors. Wlal if vo voro lo divido llo
rico, (and) voro lo oslabIisl a boundary`'' Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings dividod llo rico, (and) oslabIislod a
boundary. Tlon, Vsolllas, a corlain vanlon-nalurod (|c|cjii|c) boing, guarding lis ovn slaro, laving lakon a

1
Gcmissmc, llo fuluro loro (fuluro of 'docision') is aImosl imporalivo, soo Wardor p.55.
2
S||rcm = s|i + |rcm, lappurisa compound, 'llo coIIocling of rico'.
3
I.o., for lvo days' consumplion. Dt|qc = !ti + c|c (+dalivo onding), is a so-caIIod digu compound, soo Wardor p.274.
4
Scnni!|i|rc|cm. Krc|cm, according lo llo Com., slouId loro bo undorslood as a gorund. According lo Wardor llo gorund is somolimos
oquivaIonl lo llo LngIisl prosonl parlicipIo (soo Wardor p.48, '!qc'). Soo aIso DI undor |crcii.
5
Incm pasl parlicipIo usod as noun, i.o. 'vlal lad boon roapod'.
6
I.o., couId nol bo discornod. Pcqiii|c, passivo aorisl of llo middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.316.
7
Scn!cscn!, soo Wardor p.171. Tlo compound is mascuIino nominalivo pIuraI agrooing vill s|iqc lo vlicl il is in apposilion.
8
1cscm nc cm||cm, Iil. 'for lloso us us'. Tlo combinalion of a domonslralivo vill a porsonaI pronoun, loro icscm nc, 'for lloso us', is quilo
common in IaIi and usod for omplasis, soo Wardor p.29. Tlo significanco of ropoaling llo porsonaI pronoun is uncIoar.
9
1c mcqcm, again omplalic 'vo'.
1O
Gonilivo absoIulo, icscm + upc||cmcicm, upc||cmcicm boing a prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo pIuraI.
11
Again, Iocalivo absoIulo.
12
ctc, junclion form of ctc, soo Wardor p.218.
13
Piu||t, abIalivo of causo, soo Wardor pp.88-89. Piu||tc is a noun.
14
|crmc, lisloricaI prosonl lonso, Wardor p.12.
15
Pcqiii|c, again middIo conjugalion aorisl passivo, soo Wardor p.316.
34
corlain ungivon slaro, alo
1
(il). Tloy look loId of lim (icm cncm), (and) laving lakon loId, lloy said llis: ''Indood
(tcic) lonourod boing, you aro doing oviI, in as mucl as you, guarding your ovn slaro, laving lakon a corlain
ungivon slaro, alo (il). Honourod boing, do nol do sucl a lling (ctcrpcm) again.'' Saying ''yos (ctcm), your
lonours'', Vsolllas, llal boing consonlod lo lloso boings. AIso for a socond limo,
2
Vsolllas, llal boing ... olc ...
aIso for a llird limo, Vsolllas, llal boing guarding lis ovn slaro, laving lakon a corlain ungivon slaro, alo (il).
Tloy look loId of lim, (and) laving lakon loId, lloy said llis: ''Indood lonourod boing, you aro doing oviI, in as
mucl as you, guarding your ovn slaro, laving lakon a corlain ungivon slaro, alo (il). Honourod boing, do nol do
sucl a lling again.'' Somo (cc) boal (il) vill llo land, somo boal (il) vill a cIod, somo boal (il) vill a slick. And
(||c pcnc) sinco llon, Vsolllas, sloaIing
3
is discornod, bIamo is discornod, faIso spoocl is discornod, punislmonl
4
is
discornod.
Tlon, Vsolllas, lloso boings assombIod, (and) laving assombIod, lloy Iamonlod: ''AIas, your lonour, oviI
vays lavo appoarod among boings, in as mucl as sloaIing is discornod
5
, bIamo is discornod, faIso spoocl is
discornod, punislmonl is discornod, porlaps (qcn nnc) vo slouId oIocl
6
ono boing. Ho slouId donounco (||qcqqc)
llo ono of us (nc) vlo rigllIy slouId bo donouncod
7
, lo slouId bIamo llo ono vlo rigllIy slouId bo bIamod, lo
slouId banisl llo ono vlo rigllIy slouId bo banislod. And (pcnc) vo viII granl lim
8
a slaro of llo rico.'' Tlon,
Vsolllas, lloso boings, vlicl boing
9
vas llo mosl landsomo, llo mosl boaulfuI, llo mosl IovoIy, llo mosl
povorfuI of llom
1O
, laving approaclod llal boing, lloy said llis: ''Como lonourod boing, donounco llo ono vlo
rigllIy slouId bo donouncod, bIamo llo ono vlo rigllIy slouId bo bIamod, banisl llo ono vlo rigllIy slouId bo
banislod. And vo viII granl you
11
a slaro of llo rico.'' Saying ''yos, your lonours'', llal boing, Vsolllas, laving
consonlod lo lloso boings, donouncod llo ono vlo rigllIy slouId bo donouncod, |182] bIamod llo ono vlo rigllIy
slouId bo bIamod, banislod llo ono vlo rigllIy slouId bo banislod. And (pcnc) lloy granlod lim a slaro of llo
rico.
''LIoclod by llo poopIo (mc|jcnc)'', llus (ii), Vsolllas, lloro vas llo groal-oIoclod
12
, jusl llus
13
a firsl
oxprossion ''llo groal-oIoclod'' camo inlo boing
14
. ''Tlo Iord of llo fioIds'', llus Vsolllas, lloro vas llo nobIo
varrior (||ciiiqc), jusl llus a socond oxprossion ''nobIo varrior'' camo inlo boing. ''Ho doIiglls ollors vill
Dlamma'', llus Vsolllas, lloro vas llo king, jusl llus a llird oxprossion ''king'' camo inlo boing. }usl
15
llus (iii),
Vsolllas, vas llo origin of llis circIo of nobIo varriors
16
by an ancionl, originaI oxprossion. Il vas of lloso vory
(ctc) boings, of non-ollors, of llal vory sorl, nol of non-sucl sorl, (and) jusl llrougl Dlamma nol llrougl non-
Dlamma. Ior, Vsolllas, in llo caso of llis poopIo
17
Dlamma is llo bosl, in llis vory Iifo and in llo noxl Iifo.

Passage 3 (D I 215,21 - 216,19)

IormorIy, in llis vory group (scng|c) of monks, a corlain monk llougll llis
18
: ''Wloro do lloso four groal
oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor
19
, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl, llo valor oIomonl, llo loal oIomonl, (and) llo air
oIomonl.'' Tlon llal monk allainod sucl a kind (of) conconlralion, llal (qci|) in llo conconlralod mind
2O
llo pall
Ioading lo llo gods
21
appoarod.

1
Or 'onjoyod', pcri||uji, aorisl. Nolo lov llo IaIi ccicrcm ||gcm c!inncm, 'a corlain ungivon slaro', is llo palionl of boll !qiit ('laving
lakon') and pcri|uji ('alo').
2
Duiiqcm pi, advorbiaI form of !uiiqc, 'socond', i.o. 'socondIy' or 'for a socond limo'.
3
Iil. 'llo laking of llo ungivon', c!inn!ncm = c!innc + !ncm, lappurisa compound.
4
Dcn]!ncm = !cn]c + !ncm, anollor lappurisa compound, Iil. 'llo laking (up) of slicks'.
5
Pcqisscii, Iil. 'viII bo discornod'. Tlis uso of llo fuluro lonso may bo vlal Wardor caIIs fuluro of 'acquirod labil', soo Wardor p.55.
6
Or 'slouId agroo on', scmmcnncqqmc.
7
I.o. 'lloso (of us) vlo rigllIy slouId bo donouncod', scmm||qiic||cm. I lako il lo bo a fuluro passivo parlicipIo acling as a noun donoling llo
door of llo aclion, llus 'llo ono vlo ...', soo NCRI VII 2.2 and III 6.2.
8
Assc, dalivo.
9
I.o., llal boing vlicl.
1O
Nolo llal llo comparalivo suffix -icrc vlon usod vill llo gonilivo, as loro (i.o., ncscm, 'of llom'), las llo suporIalivo moaning. Wlon usod
vill llo abIalivo llo moaning is comparalivo, soo Wardor pp.123-124.
11
1c, dalivo.
12
Mc|scmmcic, maybo oquivaIonl lo 'loadman' or ovon 'primo minislor'.
13
1t ctc from ii + ctc.
14
Upcni||ciicm, pasl parlicipIo.
15
|tcm, I lako llis lo bo a junclion form of ctc, llo m boing duo lo llo cIosoIy foIIoving vovaI, soo Wardor p.255.
16
K|ciiiqcmcn]c|cssc, prosumabIy rofors lo llo nobIo varrior caslo.
17
jcn' cicsmim, oquivaIonl lo cicsmim jcnc, Iocalivo of roforonco.
18
Acicrcssc ||i|||unc ctcm ccicsc pcritiic||c u!cp!i, Iil. 'of a corlain monk a llougll of llo mind aroso llus:''. Tlis is anollor IaIi idiom llal
oxprossos llinking.
19
Apcriscs is apparonlIy an adjoclivo quaIifying mc|||i. In lransIalion il gols an advorbiaI sonso, i.o. 'coasos villoul
romaindor/romaindorIossIy'.
2O
Tlis couId aIso bo lakon as Iocalivo absoIulo, i.o. 'vlon llo mind vas conconlralod'.
21
Dctcqniqc = !ctc + qniqc ('Ioading lo'), a balibbli compound vill lappurisa slrucluro quaIifying mcggc, qniqc boing a dopondonl vord,
soo Wardor p.92.
35
Tlon llal monk approaclod llo gods boIonging lo (llo roaIm of) llo four groal kings
1
, (and) laving
approaclod, said llis lo llo gods boIonging lo llo roaIm of llo four groal kings: ''Wloro, frionds,
2
do lloso four
groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl, llo valor oIomonl, llo loal oIomonl, (and) llo air
oIomonl`'' Wlon llis lad boon said, llo gods boIonging lo llo roaIm of llo four groal kings said llis lo llal monk:
''Wo loo, monk, do nol knov vloro lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl,
llo valor oIomonl, llo loal oIomonl, (and) llo air oIomonl. (Bul) lloro aro,
3
monk, llo four groal kings vlo aro moro
oxcoIIonl and moro oxaIlod (pcnicicr) llan us
4
. Tloy migll knov llis:
5
vloro lloso four groal oIomonls coaso
villoul romaindor, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl, llo valor oIomonl, llo loal oIomonl, (and) llo air oIomonl.''
Tlon llal monk approaclod llo four groal kings, (and) laving approaclod, said llis lo llo four groal kings:
''Wloro, frionds, do lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl, llo valor oIomonl,
llo loal oIomonl, (and) llo air oIomonl`'' Wlon llis lad boon said, llo four groal kings said llis lo llal monk: ''Wo
loo, monk, do nol knov vloro lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl, llo
valor oIomonl, llo loal oIomonl, (and) llo air oIomonl. (Bul) lloro aro, monk, llo gods caIIod Tvalims
6
vlo aro
moro oxcoIIonl and moro oxaIlod llan us. Tloy migll knov llis: vloro lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul
romaindor.''

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 269,11 - 27O,25)

Exercise 22

Passage Inr reading
7
(D I 12,19 - 38,24)

Indood (ctc), monks lloro aro
8
ollor llings (!|cmm), profound, lard lo soo,
9
lard lo avakon lo, poacofuI,
subIimo, oulsido llo sploro of roason,
1O
sublIo, lo bo knovn by llo viso,
11
vlicl llo Tallgala, laving roaIisod
(sccc|i|cit), laving limsoIf (scqcm) diroclIy knovn (c||i), procIaims, (and) by vlicl, rigllIy spoaking, lloy
vouId spoak llo Tallgala's roaI praiso.
|196] And, monks, vlicl aro lloso llings, profound, lard lo soo, lard lo avakon lo, poacofuI, subIimo,
oulsido llo sploro of roason, sublIo, lo bo knovn by llo viso, vlicl llo Tallgala, laving roaIisod, laving limsoIf
diroclIy knovn, procIaims, (and) by vlicl, rigllIy spoaking, lloy vouId spoak llo Tallgala's roaI praiso`
Tloro aro, monks, somo
12
ascolics and bralmins vlo aro pasl-ordor-ors
13
, vlo lavo viovs aboul llo pasl,
14

(and) vill roforonco lo (rc|||c) llo pasl lloy procIaim manifoId
15
vords of doscriplion
16
llrougl oiglloon
grounds
17
. And lloso lonourod ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro pasl-ordor-ors, vlo lavo viovs aboul llo pasl,
doponding on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy procIaim manifoId vords of doscriplion concorning llo pasl
llrougl oiglloon ground`
Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily
18
, (and) lloy docIaro an
olornaI
19
soIf and vorId llrougl four grounds. And lloso lonourod ascolics and bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of

1
Ciummc|rji| !ct, Iil. 'llo four-groal-kings gods'. Tlo -i|c onding makos cciummc|rji| inlo an adjoclivo (i.o., a balubbli compound
quaIifying !ct), soo Wardor p.187, llus 'beInnging tn llo four groal kings'. 'Tlo roaIm of' is llon addod lo mako llo plraso moro inloIIigibIo in
LngIisl.
2
tusc, dospilo llo singuIar form llis vord is usod for boll llo singuIar and llo pIuraI, soo DI.
3
Aii|i, nolo llal llis singuIar form can bo usod for boll llo singuIar and llo pIuraI, soo Wardor p.87.
4
Am|c|i, abIalivo of comparison. Tlo comparalivo vords c||i||cnicicr and pcnicicr funclion as, and aro infIoclod Iiko, adjoclivos, soo Wardor
pp.123-124.
5
|tcm, 'llis', las llo sonso of 'llo foIIoving', llus llo coIon.
6
Iil. 'llirly-llroo'.
7
Nolo llal Wardor's loxl conlains somo abridgomonls comparod lo llo ITS loxl.
8
Aii|i, soo Wardor pp.85 and 87 for pIuraI moaning of llis singuIar vorb, simiIar lo 'lloro oxisls'.
9
Du!!cs = !u(r) ('lard') + !cs ('sooing'). Ior !u(r) soo Wardor p.98.
1O
Aic||tcccr = c +ic||c ('roason') + ctcccr ('sploro').
11
Pcn]iictc!cnq = pcn]iic ('a viso porson') + tc!cnq ('lo bo knovn/oxporioncod'), tc!cnq boing a fuluro passivo parlicipIo of tc!cii (tc!cii is
causalivo of tin!cii).
12
||c, pIuraI of c|c, soo Wardor p.116.
13
I.o., lloy ordor or arrango llo pasl in llo sonso llal lloy lavo lloorios aboul il. Pu||cnic|cppi| = pu||cnic + |cppc + -i|.
14
Pu||cninu!iii|inc = pu||cnic + cnu!iii|inc.
15
Anc|cti|iini = cnc|c ('many', Iil. 'nol ono') + ti|iini ('arrangod').
16
A!|ituiiipc!ni = c!|ituiii + pc!ni, lappurisa compound. Il sooms lo moan somolling Iiko 'lloorios'.
17
I.o. 'on oiglloon grounds', cii|!csc|i tcii||i. An inslrumonlaI or abIalivo of causo, soo Wardor p.44 and p.89 rospoclivoIy.
18
Scsscict!, balubbli compound quaIifying scmcnc|r|mcn. TransIalo using vlo/vlicl is/las, soo Wardor p.137.
19
Scsscicm, sooms loro lo bo an adjoclivo quaIifying boll ciincm and |c|cm. Tlis is confirmod by llo posilion of llo cc vlicl vouId ollorviso
lavo boon bolvoon scsscicm and ciincm. Soo Wardor pp.6O-61 lov an adjoclivo in llo singuIar can quaIify moro llan ono noun.
36
olornily, doponding on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId llrougl four
grounds`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin, in consoquonco of (cntqc) onorgy, in consoquonco of oxorlion, in
consoquonco of praclico, in consoquonco of diIigonco, in consoquonco of rigll allonlion
1
, louclos
2
sucl a kind (of)
conconlralion of mind
3
llal (qci|), vlon llo mind is conconlralod
4
, lo rocoIIocls manifoId a pasl oxislonco
5
- lo vil:
ono birll, aIso lvo birlls ... aIso fivo birlls ... aIso a lundrod birlls
6
, aIso a llousand birlls, aIso a lundrod
llousand birlls, aIso many lundrod birlls, aIso many llousand birlls, aIso many lundrod llousand birlls.
Tloro I lad (sim) sucl namo, vas (of) sucl cIan, (of) sucl caslo, lad sucl food, vas oxporioncing sucl
lappinoss and sufforing, (and) lad sucl a Iimil of Iifo
7
. I,
8
passod avay from lloro, (and) aroso lloro. AIso lloro I
lad sucl namo, vas (of) sucl a cIan, (of) sucl a caslo, lad sucl food, vas oxporioncing sucl lappinoss and
sufforing, (and) lad sucl a Iimil of Iifo. I passod avay from lloro, (and) lavo arison loro
9
.'' Tlus, vill foaluros
1O

(and) vill spocificalions
11
, lo rocoIIocls manifoId a pasl oxislonco. Ho says llus: ''Tlo soIf is olornaI and llo vorId,
12

barron, slanding Iiko a mounlain poak,
13
slanding firm as a piIIar,
14
and lloso boings lransmigralo, lranscircuIalo
(scmscrcnii), pass avay, (and) roariso, llus indood (it ctc), il is llo samo for olornily
15
. Wly is llal` Bocauso (|i) I, in
consoquonco of oxorlion ... am rocoIIocling (manifoId) a pasl oxislonco. AIso llrougl llis I knov llis: lov (qci|)
llo soIf is olornaI and llo vorId, barron, slanding Iiko a mounlain poak, slanding firm as a piIIar, and lloso boings
lransmigralo, lranscircuIalo, pass avay, (and) roariso, llus indood, il is llo samo for olornily.''
Tlis, monks, is llo firsl caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins
vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId.
|197] And concorning llo socond (caso)
16
, vill roforonco lo vlal, doponding on vlal, do lonourabIo
ascolics and bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily, docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin in consoquonco of onorgy ... rocaIIs (manifoId) a pasl oxislonco - lo
vil: ono (vorId) conlraclion and oxpansion, aIso lvo (vorId) conlraclions and oxpansions ... aIso four (vorId)
conlraclions and oxpansions, aIso fivo (vorId) conlraclions and oxpansions, aIso lon (vorId) conlraclions and
oxpansions. ''Tloro I lad
17
sucl namo ... I am rocoIIocling. AIso llrougl llis I knov llis: lov llo soIf is olornaI and
llo vorId, barron, slanding Iiko a mounlain poak, slanding firm as a piIIar, and lloso boings lransmigralo,
lranscircuIalo, pass avay, (and) roariso, llus indood, il is llo samo for olornily.''
Tlis, monks, is llo socond caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily, docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId.
(D I 15,22) And concorning llo llird (caso) ... aIso forly (vorId) conlraclions and oxpansions ... lloy docIaro. (D
I 16,16)
And concorning llo fourll (caso), doponding on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lonourabIo ascolics and
bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily, docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin is a Iogician, an invosligalor. Ho, doducod by Iogic,
18
foIIovod
llrougl by invosligalion,
19
(llrougl) lis ovn inspiralion,
2O
says llus: ''Tlo soIf is olornaI and llo vorId, barron,
slanding Iiko a mounlain poak, slanding firm as a piIIar, and lloso boings lransmigralo, lranscircuIalo, pass avay,
(and) roariso, llus indood, il is llo samo for olornily.''
Tlis, monks, is llo fourll caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily, docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId.

1
Scmmmcncsi|rcm = scmm ('rigll') + mcncsi|rcm ('allonlion'). Mcncsi|rc IiloraIIy moans 'vork (|rc) in llo mind (mcncsi)', mcncsi is llo
Iocalivo of mcncs, usod advorbiaIIy.
2
I.o., allains, p|uscii.
3
Ccicscm!|im, lappurisa compound.
4
Iocalivo absoIulo. AIlornalivoIy, 'in llo conconlralod mind'.
5
Nolo llal nitscm, 'oxislonco', is singuIar dospilo llo 'manifoId'.
6
Soo Wardor p.117 for llo uso of scicm ('a lundrod') and sc|csscm ('a llousand').
7
I.o., sucl vas llo Iongll of my Iifo. Iivo balubbli compounds quaIifying llo 'I' impIiod by sim.
8
Sc is prosumabIy loro lo bo undorslood as sc c|cm, omplalic 'I', soo Wardor p.29. A|cm is impIiod by llo vorb, upcp!im.
9
|!|pcpcnnc = i!|c + upcpcnnc.
1O
S|rcm = sc ('vill') + c|rcm ('foaluro'), a balubbli compound quaIifying nitscm, 'pasl oxislonco', cf. Wardor p.137. Nolo llal llo
compound is singuIar bocauso il quaIifios (Iiko an adjoclivo) a singuIar noun (nitscm), bul llo moaning may sliII bo pIuraI.
11
Scu!!cscm = sc + u!!cscm, again a balubbli compound.
12
Again, 'olornaI', scsscic, is quaIifying boll 'soIf' and 'vorId'.
13
I.o., immovabIo. Kicii|c = |ic ('poak', 'mounlain-poak' according lo llo Com.) + -ii|c, an adjoclivaI onding moaning 'slanding'.
14
Tvo balubbli compounds, quaIifying cii and |c|c, oxprossing molaplors, soo Wardor p.155.
15
Scssciiscmcm = scsscii ('olornily') + scmcm ('llo samo').
16
Duiiqc, Iocalivo of roforonco.
17
Amuirsim = cmuirc + sim.
18
1c||cpcriq|cicm = ic||c ('roason'/'Iogic') + pcriq|cicm ('doducod'), noulor lappurisa compound in apposilion lo sc, 'lo' (i.o., agrooing in
numbor and caso bul rolaining lloir individuaI gondors).
19
Anollor noulor lappurisa compound in apposilion lo sc.
2O
Scqcmpcii||ncm = scqcm ('lis ovn') + pcii||ncm ('inspiralion'), kammadlraya compound in apposilion lo sc.
37
Will roforonco lo lloso,
1
monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of olornily, docIaro an
olornaI soIf and vorId llrougl four grounds. Ior, monks, vlalovor
2
ascolics or bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of
olornily, aII lloso (sc||c ic) docIaro an olornaI soIf and vorId llrougl jusl lloso four grounds or llrougl a corlain
(ono) of llom
3
, lloro is nono (n'cii|i) aparl from llis.
Will roforonco lo llis (icqi!cm), monks, llo Tallgala undorslands: ''Tloso slandpoinls for viovs
4
, llus
graspod, llus loId on lo,
5
viII lavo sucl dosliny, sucl fuluro slalo
6
.'' Tlal llo Tallgala undorslands and lo
undorslands moro (uiicriicrcm) llan llal
7
, and lo doos nol loId on lo llal undorslanding, and vliIo lo is nol
loIding on,
8
llo oxlinguisling is porsonaIIy
9
knovn
1O
, (and) laving knovn as il acluaIIy is (qci|||icm) llo
originalion, llo onding, llo onjoymonl, llo dangor, and llo Ioaving bolind of fooIings, llo Tallgala, monks, is
frood duo lo non-allaclmonl
11
.
Tloso, monks, aro lloso llings, profound, lard lo soo, lard lo avakon lo, poacofuI, subIimo, oulsido llo
sploro of roason, sublIo, lo bo knovn by llo viso, vlicl |198] llo Tallgala, laving roaIisod, laving limsoIf
knovn, procIaims, (and) by vlicl, rigllIy spoaking, lloy vouId spoak llo Tallgala's roaI praiso.
Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins vlo aro olornaIisls in somo llings
12
(and) non-olornaIisls in
somo llings
13
, (and) lloy docIaro a somo-llings-olornaI (and) somo-llings-non-olornaI soIf and vorId
14
llrougl four
grounds. And lloso lonourabIo ascolics and bralmins vlo aro olornaIisls in somo llings (and) non-olornaIisls in
somo llings, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy docIaro a somo-llings-olornaI, (and) somo-llings-
non-olornaI soIf and vorId llrougl four grounds`
Tloro is, monks, llal limo vlon (qcm), somo limo or ollor (|c! ci |crc|c ci), aflor a Iong limo,
15
llis vorId
conlracls. In a conlracling vorId boings aro moslIy
16
conlracling lo llo vorId of radianco. Tloro lloy aro mind-
mado, fooding on joy, soIf-Iuminous, Iiving in llo sky, oslabIislod in gIory, (and) lloy romain for a vory Iong limo.
Tloro is, monks, llal limo vlon, somo limo or ollor, aflor a Iong limo, llis vorId oxpands. In an oxpanding
vorId an omply god-mansion appoars. Tlon a corlain boing, duo lo llo oxlauslion of Iifo or duo lo llo oxlauslion
of moril, laving faIIon from llo group of llo vorId of radianco
17
, roarisos in llo omply god-mansion
18
. Tloro il is
mind-mado, fooding on joy, soIf-Iuminous, Iiving in llo sky, oslabIislod in gIory, (and) il romains for a vory Iong
limo.
To il (boing) aIono
19
lloro for a Iong limo, unoasinoss, disconlonl, (and) agilalion arisos: ''Ol (c|c tcic), may
ollor boings aIso como loro (iii|ciicm).'' Tlon corlain boings, duo lo llo oxlauslion of Iifo or duo lo llo oxlauslion
of moril, laving faIIon avay from llo group of llo vorId of radianco, aIso (pi) roariso in llo god-mansion in llo
company of
2O
llal boing. Tloro lloy aIso aro mind-mado, fooding on joy, soIf-Iuminous, Iiving in llo sky,
oslabIislod in gIory, (and) lloy romain for a vory Iong limo.
Tloro, monks, llal boing vlicl las roarison firsl, il llinks llis: ''I am Bralm, llo groal god, llo ovorIord,
llo unconquorod, llo aII-sooing,
21
llo vioIdor of povor,
22
llo Iord, llo makor, llo croalor, llo bosl, llo ordainor, llo

1
|mc, accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo (soo Wardor p.17), roforring lo llo procoding four casos.
2
Yc ... |c ci, indofinilo pronoun, soo Wardor p.85.
3
I.o., among llom.
4
Diii|iii|n = !iii|i ('viov') + (i)i|n ('slandpoinls'), soo ILD.
5
Tvo balubbli compounds quaIifying !iii|iii|n.
6
Tvo furllor balubbli compounds quaIifying !iii|iii|n, boing prodicalod of il by ||ctisscii.
7
1cic ... uiicriicrcm, comparalivo conslruclion using llo abIalivo icic and llo onding -icrc, 'moro', soo Wardor pp.123-124. Uiicriicrcm IiloraIIy
moans 'moro boyond'.
8
Gonilivo absoIulo. Apcrmcscic is a nogalivo prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo.
9
Pcccciicm, sooms lo bo an advorb (lo ti!ii) (soo ILD) rallor llan an adjoclivo (cf. Wardor). If il voro an adjoclivo il vouId lavo lo bo fominino
nominalivo lo agroo vill ni||uii.
1O
Vi!ii is a pasl parlicipIo fominino nominalivo singuIar, agrooing vill ni||uii.
11
Anup!, abIalivo of causo.
12
||ccccscsscii|, Iil. 'somo-llings-olornaIisls'. Balubbli compound quaIifying 'ascolics and bralmins'. Il is oflon difficuIl lo knov vlollor a
parlicuIar balubbli compound las lappurisa or kammadlraya slrucluro. In llo prosonl caso llo Iasl mombor of llo compound couId bo
scsscic, an adjoclivo quaIifying c|cccc, making llo vloIo compound a kammadlraya ('somo llings vlicl aro olornaI'). Or llo Iasl mombor
couId bo scsscii, a noun, making llo compound a lappurisa ('olornily in somo llings'). IorlunaloIy llo moaning of llor lvo slrucluros is
ossonliaIIy llo samo. Tlo onding -i|c/-|c lurns llo kammadlraya/lappurisa inlo a balubbli compound.
13
I.o., ollor llings.
14
I.o., a soIf and a vorId llal in somo rospocls aro olornaI and in somo rospocls non-olornaI.
15
Dg|cssc c!!|unc ccccqcnc, soo Wardor pp.56-57 + 45.
16
Yc||uqqcnc, inslrumonlaI form usod advorbiaIIy.
17
||csscrc|qc. Kqc, Iil. 'body', loro in ils broadosl sonso. Tlus 'llo body (of boings)/group of llo blassara vorId'.
18
8rc|mctimncm, accusalivo. Bul on lransIalion llo Iocalivo 'in' is roquirod. (Tlis sooms lo bo a caso of 'accusalivo of pIaco vloro', soo SCIN,
para. 45.)
19
1cssc ... c|c|cssc, dalivo. Tlis oxprossion couId aIso bo rogardod as a gonilivo, 'of il', simiIar lo llo LngIisl 'il lad agilalion arising'.
2O
Or 'logollor vill', sc|ctqcicm.
21
Ac!cii|u!csc = cc!cii|u ('univorsaIIy' or 'aII') + !csc ('sooing').
22
Vcsctcii = tcsc ('povor') + tcii ('vioIding'). Tlo compound can bo rogardod as a noun ('llo ono vlo is vioIding povor' or 'llo vioIdor of
povor') or as an adjoclivo lo c|cm, 'I' ('vlo am vioIding povor').
38
maslor, llo fallor of pasl, oxisling, and fuluro boings
1
. Tloso boings voro croalod by mo. Wly is llal` Bocauso
formorIy I llougll llis: 'Ol, may ollor boings aIso como loro.' Tlus (vas) my aspiralion of mind, and lloso boings
camo loro.'' AIso lloso boings vlicl lavo roarison aflorvards, lloy aIso llink llis: ''Tlis is llo lonourabIo
Bralm, llo groal god, llo ovorIord, llo unconquorod, llo aII-sooing, llo vioIdor of povor, llo Iord, llo makor, |199]
llo croalor, llo bosl, llo ordainor, llo maslor, llo fallor of pasl, oxisling, and fuluro boings. Wo voro croalod by llis
lonourabIo Bralm. Wly is llal` Bocauso (|i) vo sav (llal) lo
2
lad arison loro firsl bul (pcnc) vo lad arison
aflorvards.''
Tloro, monks, llal boing vlicl las arison firsl
3
, il is moro Iong-Iivod, moro boaulifuI, and moro povorfuI
4
.
Bul lloso boings vlicl lavo arison aflorvards, lloy aro moro slorl-Iivod, moro ugIy, and lavo Ioss povor. And
(pcnc), monks, llis is possibIo
5
, llal (qcm) a corlain boing laving faIIon from llal group (of boings), comos lo llis
vorId. Having
6
como loro, lo goos forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss. Having gono forll from lomo lo
lomoIossnoss, in consoquonco of onorgy, in consoquonco of oxorlion, in consoquonco of praclico, in consoquonco of
diIigonco, in consoquonco of rigll allonlion, il allains (p|uscii) sucl a kind (of) conconlralion of llo mind llal (qci|),
vlon llo mind is conconlralod, lo rocoIIocls llal formor oxislonco, (bul) lo doos nol rocoIIocl boyond llal
7
. Ho says
llis: ''Tlal lonourabIo Bralm vlo is llo groal god, llo ovorIord, llo unconquorod, llo aII-sooing, llo vioIdor of
povor, llo Iord, llo makor, llo croalor, llo bosl, llo ordainor, llo maslor, llo fallor of pasl, oxisling, and fuluro
boings, by vlicl lonourabIo god vo lavo boon croalod, lo is pormanonl, fixod, olornaI, nol subjocl lo clango,
8
(and)
lo viII romain jusl so, llo samo for olornily
9
. Bul vo vlo voro croalod by llal god, vo (ic mcqcm) aro impormanonl,
unslabIo, slorl-Iivod, subjocl lo passing avay, (and) lavo como lo llis vorId.''
Tlis, monks, (is) llo firsl caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo aro olornaIisls in somo llings (and) non-olornaIisls in somo llings, docIaro a somo-llings-olornaI (and) somo-
llings-non-olornaI soIf and vorId (D I 19,6) ...
(D I 22,13) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors
1O
, (and) lloy docIaro llo
finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId llrougl four grounds. And lloso lonourabIo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro
finilo-and-infinilors, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy docIaro a finilo-and-infinilo vorId
11

llrougl four grounds`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin, in consoquonco of onorgy, in consoquonco of oxorlion, in
consoquonco of praclico, in consoquonco of diIigonco, in consoquonco of rigll allonlion, allains sucl a kind (of)
conconlralion of mind llal (qci|), vlon llo mind is conconlralod, lo dvoIIs porcipionl of finilonoss
12
vill
roforonco lo llo vorId. Ho says llis: ''Tlis vorId is finilo (and) Iimilod. Wly is llal` Bocauso I, in consoquonco of
onorgy ... olc ... loucl sucl a kind (of) conconlralion of mind llal, vlon llo mind is conconlralod, I dvoII porcipionl
of finilonoss vill roforonco lo llo vorId. |200] AIso llrougl llal I
13
knov llis: lov llis vorId is finilo (and)
Iimilod.''
Tlis, monks, is llo firsl caso dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId.
And concorning llo socond (caso), dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lonourabIo ascolics and
bralmins, vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin, in consoquonco of onorgy, in consoquonco of oxorlion, in
consoquonco of praclico, in consoquonco of diIigonco, in consoquonco of rigll allonlion, allains sucl a kind (of)
conconlralion of mind llal, vlon llo mind is conconlralod, lo dvoIIs porcipionl of infinily
14
vill roforonco lo llo
vorId. Ho says llis: ''Tlis vorId is infinilo (and) unboundod. Tloso ascolics and bralmins vlo say llis: 'Tlis
vorId is finilo (and) Iimilod', il is faIsolood of llom.
15
Tlis vorId is infinilo (and) unboundod. Wly is llal` Bocauso

1
According lo llo sub-commonlary on llis sulla, ||ic rofors lo pasl boings and ||ctqc lo oxisling and fuluro boings.
2
|mcm, nolo llo accusalivo of llo IaIi, boing llo palionl of c!!csmc. Upcpcnncm agroos vill imcm.
3
Pci|cmcm, advorb lo upcpcnnc, conlra Wardor p.125.
4
Tlroo comparalivos villoul llo usuaIIy accompanying gonilivo, vlicl loro musl bo considorod impIiod.
5
Iil. 'llis caso oxisls', i|ncm cicm tijjcii, soo Wardor p.63.
6
Scmnc, prosonl parlicipIo of cii|i. Again nolo lov llo IaIi vorbs for 'lo bo' somolimos musl bo lransIalod using llo vorb 'lo lavo'.
7
1cic pcrcm, Iil. 'aflor from llal'. Pcrcm, 'aflor' or 'boyond', lakos llo abIalivo, icic.
8
Atipcrinmc!|cmmc = c ('nol') + tipcrinmc ('clango') + !|cmmc ('subjocl lo').
9
Scssciiscmcm, advorb.
1O
I.o., vlo loId viovs rogarding llo finilonoss and infiniludo of llo vorId. Anincnii| = cnic ('ond') + cncnic ('no ond') + -i|.
11
Ic|cm. I foIIov Wardor vlo in lurn is foIIoving llo ITS odilion of llo IaIi loxl. Hovovor, according lo DI llo corrocl roading loro slouId bo
|c|cssc, as il is abovo. Tlo consoquonl uso of |c|cssc is moro convincing, ollorviso cnincnicm musl clango from boing a noun in llo firsl
inslanco lo an adjoclivo in llo Iallor.
12
Anicsc = cnic + sc ('porcipionl'). Sc is a possossivo adjoclivo, i.o. 'possossing porcoplion', soo Wardor p.122. Tlo compound is a
balibbli quaIifying scmcnc/|r|mcnc.
13
|minp|cm = imin pi c|cm.
14
Ancnicsc. Ancnic IiloraIIy moans 'no ond', and 'IimilIossnoss' is probabIy a bollor lransIalion llan 'infinily'. Infinily is in roaIily jusl a
concopl llal cannol bo diroclIy oxporioncod.
15
Nolo llo roIalivo/domonslralivo conslruclion.
39
I, in consoquonco of onorgy ... olc ... allain sucl a kind (of) conconlralion of mind llal, vlon llo mind is
conconlralod, I dvoII porcipionl of infinily vill roforonco lo llo vorId. AIso llrougl llis I knov llis: lov llis
vorId is infinilo (and) unboundod.''
Tlis, monks, is llo socond caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId.
And concorning llo llird (caso), doponding on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lonourabIo ascolics and
bralmins, vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin, in consoquonco of onorgy, in consoquonco of oxorlion, in
consoquonco of praclico, in consoquonco of diIigonco, in consoquonco of rigll allonlion, allains sucl a kind (of)
conconlralion of mind llal, vlon llo mind is conconlralod, lo dvoIIs porcipionl of finilonoss up-and-dovn
1
vill
roforonco lo llo vorId, (and) porcipionl of infinily across. Ho says llis: ''Tlis vorId is finilo and infinilo. Tloso
ascolics and bralmins vlo say llis: 'Tlis vorId is finilo (and) Iimilod', il is faIsolood of llom. AIso, lloso ascolics
and bralmins vlo say llis: 'Tlis vorId is infinilo (and) unboundod', il is faIsolood of llom. Tlis vorId is finilo
and infinilo. Wly is llal` Bocauso I, in consoquonco of onorgy ... olc ... allain sucl a kind (of) conconlralion of mind
llal, vlon llo mind is conconlralod, I dvoII porcipionl of finilonoss up-and-dovn vill roforonco lo llo vorId, (and)
porcipionl of infinily across. AIso llrougl llis I knov llis: lov llis vorId is finilo and infinilo.''
Tlis, monks, is llo llird caso dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId.
|201] And concorning llo fourll (caso), dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lonourabIo ascolics
and bralmins, vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin is a Iogician, an invosligalor. Ho, doducod by Iogic, foIIovod llrougl
by invosligalion, (llrougl) lis ovn inspiralion, says llis: ''Indood (ctc), llis vorId is nol finilo and (pcnc) nol
infinilo
2
. Tloso ascolics and bralmins vlo say llis: 'Tlis vorId is finilo (and) Iimilod', il is faIsolood of llom. AIso,
lloso ascolics and bralmins vlo say llis: 'Tlis vorId is infinilo (and) unboundod', il is faIsolood aIso of llom.
AIso, lloso ascolics and bralmins vlo say llis: 'Tlis vorId is finilo and infinilo', il is faIsolood aIso of llom. Tlis
vorId is nol finilo and nol infinilo.''
Tlis, monks, is llo fourll caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo aro finilo-and-infinilors, docIaro llo finilonoss and infinily of llo vorId (D I 24,8) ...
(D I 24,26) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro ooI-vriggIors
3
, (and) boing askod
4
a
quoslion aboul llis or llal
5
, lloy lako lo (pcjjcnii) oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-vriggIing llrougl four grounds.
And lloso lonourabIo ascolics and bralmins vlo aro ooI-vriggIors, boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal,
dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy lako lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-vriggIing llrougl four
grounds`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin doos nol undorsland as il acluaIIy is (qci|||icm), 'llis is
vloIosomo', (and) lo doos nol undorsland as il acluaIIy is 'llis is unvloIosomo'. Ho llinks llus: ''I do nol
undorsland as il acluaIIy is 'llis is vloIosomo', (and) I do nol undorsland as il acluaIIy is 'llis is unvloIosomo.'
And indood (ctc ||c pcnc) if
6
I, nol undorslanding as il acluaIIy is 'llis is vloIosomo', (and) nol undorslanding as il
acluaIIy is 'llis is unvloIosomo', voro lo oxpIain 'llis is vloIosomo' or voro lo oxpIain 'llis is unvloIosomo', in
llal caso (icii|c) lloro vouId bo dosiro, Iusl, iII-viII, or rosislanco for mo (mc). In vlicl caso (qcii|c) I vouId lavo
7

dosiro, Iusl, iII-viII, or rosislanco, llon (icm) lloro migll bo faIsolood of mo. Wlon (qcm) lloro vouId bo faIsolood
of mo, llal vouId bo dislross for mo
8
. Wlal (qc) vouId bo dislross for mo, llal vouId bo an obslacIo for mo.'' Tlus,
duo lo foar of faIso spoocl,
9
duo lo disgusl vill faIso spoocl, lo doos nol oxpIain 'llis is vloIosomo', and lo doos
nol oxpIain 'llis is unvloIosomo', (and) boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lo lakos lo oquivocalion of
spoocl (and) ooI-vriggIing: ''I do nol llink il is llus
1O
. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is sucl'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is
ollorviso'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol nol'.''
Tlis, monks, is llo firsl caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins
vlo aro ooI-vriggIors, |202] boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lako lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-
vriggIing.

1
U!!|cmc!|c, advorbiaI dvanda compound.
2
Pcnncnic = pcnc + cncnic. Pcnc sooms loro lo moslIy lavo a connoclivo sonso.
3
Amcrti|||cpi| = cmcr ('ooI' (`)) + ti|||cpc ('vriggIing'/'oquivocalion') + -i|. I foIIov llo commonlary loro (rallor llan Wardor) vlicl
slalos llal cmcr is a kind of a sIippory fisl, soo aIso DI.
4
Puii| scmn, Wardor lransIalos as 'laving boon askod', soo p.234.
5
1cii|c icii|c, dislribulivo moaning, soo Wardor p.171.
6
C' = cc. Tlo c is oIidod duo lo llo cIoso junclion vill ctc.
7
I.o. 'if I lavo dosiro ... llon ... '. Mc cssc, gonilivo + oplalivo.
8
I.o., if vlal I say is faIso, I vouId bo dislrossod.
9
Must!c||cq = must!c + ||cq, abIalivo of causo.
1O
Iil. 'of mo lloro is no llus', ctcm pi mc nc. (Il sooms a ii is missing aflor llo ctcm (`)) Tlis is simiIar lo llo ordinary idiomalic oxprossion for
llinking, oxcopl llo vorb |cii is missing, again soo Wardor p.56.
40
And concorning llo socond (caso) ... duo lo foar of allaclmonl ... (D I 25,19 - 26,11)
And concorning llo llird (caso) (D I 26,11) ... ''... (D I 26,19) and indood if I, nol undorslanding as il acluaIIy is
'llis is vloIosomo', (and) nol undorslanding as il acluaIIy is 'llis is unvloIosomo', voro lo oxpIain 'llis is
vloIosomo' or voro lo oxpIain 'llis is unvloIosomo' - bocauso lloro aro ascolics and bralmins vlo aro viso, sublIo,
vlo lavo dono dobalos vill ollors,
1
vlo aro llo lair-spIilling kind,
2
(and) lloy faro (ccrcnii) as il voro (mcc)
broaking
3
spocuIalivo viovs
4
vill (lloir) allainod visdom
5
- in llis connoclion (icii|c) lloy migll cross-quoslion,
cross-oxamino, (and) criliciso mo. Wlo lloro vouId cross-quoslion, cross-oxamino, (and) criliciso mo, I vouId nol bo
abIo lo rospond (scmpqcqqcm) lo llom
6
. To vlal
7
I vouId nol bo abIo lo rospond, llal
8
vouId bo dislross for mo.
Wlal vouId bo dislross for mo, llal vouId bo an obslacIo for mo.'' Tlus, duo lo foar of oxaminalion, duo lo
Ioalling of oxaminalion, lo doos nol oxpIain 'llis is vloIosomo', and (pcnc) lo doos nol oxpIain 'llis is
unvloIosomo', (and) boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lo lakos lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-
vriggIing: ''I do nol llink il is llus. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is sucl'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is ollorviso'. AIso, I do
nol llink 'il is nol'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol nol'.''
Tlis, monks, is llo llird caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins
vlo aro ooI-vriggIors, boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lako lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-vriggIing.
And concorning llo fourll (caso), dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lonourabIo ascolics and
bralmins, vlo aro ooI-vriggIors, boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lako lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-
vriggIing`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin is duII (and) slupid. Ho, duo lo duIInoss, duo lo slupidily, boing
askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lakos lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-vriggIing: ''If you ask mo llis: 'Is lloro
anollor vorId`', if I llougll llus:
9
'Tloro is anollor vorId', I vouId oxpIain il (ncm) lo you (ic) llus: 'Tloro is
anollor vorId'. (Bul) I do nol llink il is llus. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is sucl'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is ollorviso'.
AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol nol'. (Or) (if you ask mo llis:) 'Is lloro nol anollor
vorId`' ... olc ... '(Boll) is lloro and isn'l lloro anollor vorId` Noillor is lloro nor isn'l lloro anollor vorId` - Aro
lloro
1O
sponlanoousIy arison (cpcpii|) boings` Aron'l lloro sponlanoousIy arison boings` (Boll) aro lloro and
aron'l lloro sponlanoousIy arison boings` Noillor aro lloro nor aron'l lloro sponlanoousIy arison boings` - Is lloro a
fruil, a rosuIl, of voII-dono and badIy dono
11
aclions` Isn'l lloro a fruil, a rosuIl, of voII-dono and badIy dono
aclions` (Boll) is lloro and isn'l lloro a fruil, a rosuIl, of voII-dono and badIy dono aclions` Noillor is lloro nor
isn'l lloro a fruil, a rosuIl, of voII-dono and badIy dono aclions` - |203] Is llo Tallgala
12
aflor doall
13
` Isn'l llo
Tallgala aflor doall` (Boll) is and isn'l llo Tallgala aflor doall`' If you ask mo llis: 'Noillor is nor isn'l llo
Tallgala aflor doall`', if I llougll llus: 'Tlo Tallgala noillor is nor isn'l aflor doall', I vouId oxpIain il lo you
llus: 'Tlo Tallgala noillor is nor isn'l aflor doall.' (Bul) I do nol llink il is llus. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is sucl'.
AIso, I do nol llink 'il is ollorviso'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol'. AIso, I do nol llink 'il is nol nol'.''
Tlis, monks, is llo fourll caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins
vlo aro ooI-vriggIors, boing askod a quoslion aboul llis or llal, lako lo oquivocalion of spoocl (and) ooI-vriggIing
(D I 27,36) ...
(D I 28,2O) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins vlo aro causoIoss-originalion-ors
14
, (and) lloy
docIaro a causoIossIy
15
originalod soIf and vorId
16
llrougl lvo grounds. And lloso lonourabIo ascolics and
bralmins vlo aro causoIoss-originalionors, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy docIaro a
causoIossIy originalod soIf and vorId`
Tloro aro, monks, gods caIIod 'boings-villoul-porcoplion'
17
, and (pcnc) duo lo llo arising of porcoplion
1

lloso gods faII from llal group
2
. And, monks, llis is possibIo, llal (qcm) a corlain boing laving faIIon from llal

1
Kcicpcrcppct! = |cic ('dono') + pcrc ('ollor') + (p)pct! ('dobalo'), a balubbli compound quaIifying scmcnc|r|mcn.
2
V|ctc!|irp = t|c ('lair', conlra Wardor) + tc!|i ('piorcing'/'spIilling', soo ILD) + rpc ('sorl'/'kind'), anollor balubbli compound.
3
Vc||in!cni, prosonl parlicipIo nominalivo, agrooing vill scmcnc|r|mcn. Ccrcnii, il sooms, slouId loro bo rogardod as an auxiIiary vorb lo
tc||in!cni, i.o. llo vorbs aro acling logollor, llus '(lloy) faro ... broaking', soo Wardor p.238.
4
Diii|igcini, accusalivo palionl of tc||in!cni.
5
Pcgcicnc = pc + gcic ('allainod'), soo DI undor gccc|cii.
6
1cs|cm = icscm c|cm, soo Wardor p.217 (bollom). 1cscm is probabIy dalivo.
7
Ycs|cm = qcscm + c|cm.
8
Sc. Il vouId soom llal sc slouId bo llo corroIalivo lo qcscm. I am nol suro vly lloy do nol agroo in numbor.
9
|ii cc mc cssc. Nolo llo gonilivo mc and llo vorb 'lo bo', Iil. 'if il voro llus of mo', indicaling llinking.
1O
Again, cii|i can bo usod for boll llo pIuraI and singuIar in lloso casos, soo Wardor pp.85 and 87.
11
Su|cic!u||cincm = su ('voII') + |cic ('dono') + !u(r) ('bad(Iy)') + |cic + gonilivo pIuraI onding lo agroo vill |cmmncm, i.o. il is a balubbli
compound.
12
I.o., doos lo oxisl.
13
Mcrcn, abIalivo lo go vill pcrcm.
14
I.o., vlo loId doclrinos of causoIoss originalion. A!|icccscmuppcnni| = c!|iccc ('causoIoss') scmuppcnnc ('originalod') + -i|.
15
Taking c!|iccc as an advorb, soo DI.
16
Again nolo lov an adjoclivo in llo singuIar quaIifios lvo nouns, soo Wardor pp.6O-61.
17
Asccscii = c + scc + sciic, kammadlraya compound, 'boings vlicl aro villoul porcoplion'.
41
group, comos lo llis vorId (iii|ciicm), (and) laving como loro (iii|ciicm) lo goos forll from lomo lo
lomoIossnoss. Having gono forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss, in consoquonco of offorl, in consoquonco of oxorlion,
in consoquonco of praclico, in consoquonco of diIigonco, in consoquonco of rigll allonlion, lo allains sucl a kind (of)
conconlralion of mind llal (qci|), vlon llo mind is conconlralod, lo rocaIIs llo arising of porcoplion, (bul) lo doos
nol rocaII boyond llal
3
. Ho says llus: ''Tlo soIf and llo vorId aro causoIossIy originalod. Wly is llal` Bocauso
formorIy I vas nol, (and) nol laving boon (c|uit), I lavo
4
nov dovoIopod for llo purposo of oxislonco
5
.''
Tlis, monks, is llo firsl caso, dopondonl on vlicl, vill roforonco lo vlicl, somo ascolics and bralmins,
vlo aro causoIoss-originalionors, docIaro a causoIossIy originalod soIf and vorId.
And concorning llo socond (caso), dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lonourabIo ascolics and
bralmins, vlo aro causoIoss-originalionors, docIaro a causoIossIy originalod soIf and vorId`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin is a Iogician, an invosligalor. Ho, doducod by roason, foIIovod
llrougl by invosligalion, (llrougl) lis ovn inspiralion, says llis: ''Tlo soIf and llo vorId aro causoIossIy
originalod.'' (D I 29,13) ...
(D I 3O,3) Will roforonco lo lloso
6
, monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins vlo aro pasl-ordor-ors, vlo lavo
viovs aboul llo pasl, procIaim manifoId |204] vords of doscriplion vill roforonco lo llo pasl llrougl oiglloon
grounds. Ior, monks, vlalovor ascolics or bralmins, vlo aro pasl-ordor-ors, vlo lavo viovs aboul llo pasl, aII
lloso (sc||c ic) procIaim manifoId vords of doscriplion vill roforonco lo llo pasl llrougl jusl lloso oiglloon
grounds or llrougl a corlain
7
(ono) of llom, lloro is nono (n'cii|i) aparl from llis.
Will roforonco lo llis ... laving knovn as il acluaIIy is, llo Tallgala, monks, is frood duo lo non-
allaclmonl.
Tloso, monks, aro lloso llings (!|cmm), profound ... (by vlicl), rigllIy spoaking, lloy vouId spoak (llo
Tallgala's) roaI praiso.
Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro arrangors of llo fuluro,
8
vlo lavo viovs aboul llo
fuluro, (and) vill roforonco lo llo fuluro, lloy procIaim manifoId vords of doscriplion llrougl forly-four grounds.
And lloso lonourabIo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro arrangors of llo fuluro, vlo lavo viovs aboul llo fuluro,
dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy procIaim manifoId vords of doscriplion vill roforonco lo llo
fuluro llrougl forly-four grounds`
Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls,
9
vlo lavo doclrinos of
porcipionco,
1O
(and) lloy docIaro a porcipionl
11
soIf aflor doall
12
llrougl sixloon grounds. And lloso lonourabIo
ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of porcipionco, dopondonl on vlal, vill
roforonco lo vlal, do lloy docIaro a porcipionl soIf aflor doall llrougl sixloon grounds`
''Tlo soIf las form, is loaIlly, and porcipionl aflor doall
13
'', (llus) lloy docIaro il
14
. ''Tlo soIf is formIoss,
loaIlly, and porcipionl aflor doall'', (llus) lloy docIaro il. ''Tlo soIf (boll) las form and is formIoss ... olc ... doos
nol lavo form nor is formIoss ... llo soIf is Iimilod ... unIimilod ... Iimilod and unIimilod ... nol Iimilod nor
unIimilod ... llo soIf is porcipionl of unily ... porciponl of divorsily ... las roslriclod porcoplion ... las immoasurabIo
porcoplion ... llo soIf is oxIusivoIy lappy ... oxcIusivoIy unlappy ... lappy and unlappy ... llo soIf is nol lappy nor
unlappy, is loaIlly, and porcipionl aflor doall'', (llus) lloy docIaro il.
Will roforonco lo lloso, monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of
porcipionco, docIaro a porcipionl soIf aflor doall llrougl sixloon grounds (D I 31,18) ...
(D I 32,4) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of
insonlionco
15
, (and) lloy docIaro an insonlionl soIf aflor doall llrougl oigll grounds. And lloso ascolics and
bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of insonlionco, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal,
do lloy docIaro an insonlionl soIf aflor doall llrougl oigll grounds`

1
Scpp! = scc + upp!, anollor abIalivo of causo.
2
I.o., from llal roaIm of oxislonco, icm| |q.
3
1cic pcrcm, Iil. 'aflor from llal', soo Wardor p.91.
4
Sc'm|i = sc cm|i, 'llal I am/lavo', omplalic I.
5
Sciiciiqc, Iil. 'for llo purposo of boingnoss', dalivo of purposo. AIlornalivoIy il couId bo rondorod as a Iocalivo 'clangod inlo llo slalo of a
boing'.
6
|mc, again, accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo, i.o. il rofors back lo llo provious oiglloon casos.
7
Acicrcnc, nolo llo inslrumonlaI. Tlis oslabIislos llal cii|!csc|i tcii||i slouId bo undorslood as inslrumonlaI rallor llan abIalivo.
ConloxluaIIy, il sooms il couId lavo boon oillor.
8
Apcrcnic|cppi| = cpcrcnic ('fuluro') + |cppc ('arrangomonl') + -i|.
9
U!!|cmg|cicni| = u!!|cm ('aflor') + g|cicnc ('doall') + -i|.
1O
I.o., lloy lavo doclrinos of porcipionl oxislonco aflor doall. Scit! = sci ('porcipionco') + t! ('doclrinos'), llo compound boing a
balubbli, llus 'vlo lavo ...'.
11
Saim, adjoclivo lo ciincm. Bul nolo llal jusl boforo, in scit!, sci is a noun.
12
U!!|cm g|cicn, Iil. 'boyond from doall'. U!!|cm lakos llo abIalivo.
13
Mcrcn, nolo llo abIalivo onding bocauso pcrcm roquiros il.
14
Ncm, rofors back lo cii, 'soIf'.
15
Or 'non-porcipionco', csc.
42
''Tlo soIf las form, is loaIlly, and insonlionl aflor doall'', (llus) lloy docIaro il. ''(Tlo soIf) is formIoss ...
olc ... las form and is formIoss ... doos nol lavo form nor is formIoss ... is Iimilod ... is unIimilod ... is Iimilod and
unIimilod ... llo soIf is nol |205] Iimilod nor unIimilod, is loaIlly, and insonlionl aflor doall'', (llus) lloy docIaro il.
Will roforonco lo lloso, monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of
insonlionco, docIaro an insonlionl soIf aflor doall llrougl oigll grounds (D I 32,18) ...
(D I 33,3) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of
noillor-sonlionco-nor-insonlionco, (and) lloy docIaro a noillor-sonlionl-nor-insonlionl soIf aflor doall llrougl oigll
grounds. And lloso lonourabIo ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of noillor-
sonlionco-nor-insonlionco, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do lloy docIaro a noillor-sonlionl-nor-
insonlionl soIf aflor doall llrougl oigll grounds`
''Tlo soIf las form, is loaIlly, and noillor-sonlionl-nor-insonlionl aflor doall'', (llus) lloy docIaro il. ''(Tlo
soIf) is formIoss ... las form and is formIoss ... doos nol lavo form nor is formIoss ... is Iimilod ... is unIimilod ... is
Iimilod and unIimilod ... llo soIf is nol Iimilod nor unIimilod, is loaIlly, and noillor-sonlionl-nor-insonlionl aflor
doall'', (llus) lloy docIaro il.
Will roforonco lo lloso, monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins, vlo aro aflor-doall-isls, vlo lavo doclrinos of
noillor-sonlionco-nor-insonlionco, docIaro a noillor-sonlionl-nor-insonlionl soIf aflor doall llrougl oigll grounds (D
I 33,19) ...
(D I 34,1) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins vlo lavo doclrinos of anniliIalion, (and) lloy
docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of an oxisling boing
1
llrougl sovon grounds. And lloso
lonourabIo ascolics and bralmins vlo lavo doclrinos of anniliIalion, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal,
do lloy docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of a boing llrougl sovon grounds`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin is llus-spoaking, las sucl a viov: ''Bocauso, your lonour, llis soIf -
vlicl is maloriaI, vlicl is mado of llo four groal oIomonls,
2
vlicl is a malornaI-palornaI-produclion
3
- duo lo llo
broaking up
4
of llo body, is anniliIalod, porislos,
5
is nol
6
aflor doall, lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf is
porfoclIy
7
anniliIalod.'' In llis vay (iii|cm) somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of an
oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis (csc) soIf aboul vlicl
8
you spoak. I do nol say 'lloro
isn'l llis (soIf)'
9
. Bul (cc ||c), your lonour, llo
1O
soIf is nol lo llal oxlonl
11
porfoclIy anniliIalod. Tloro is, your
lonour, anollor soIf, vlicl las form (rp), is loavonIy, boIonging lo llo sploro of sonso pIoasuros,
12
fooding on
soIid nulrimonl
13
. You do nol knov il (icm), you do nol soo (il)
14
. (Bul) I knov il, I soo (il). Tlal soIf, your lonour,
duo lo llo broaking up
15
of llo body, is anniliIalod, il porislos, il is nol aflor doall, lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, llis
soIf is porfoclIy anniliIalod.'' |206] In llis vay somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of
an oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf).' Bul, your lonour, llo soIf is nol lo llal oxlonl porfoclIy anniliIalod. Tloro is, your lonour, anollor soIf,
vlicl is loavonIy, las form, is mind-mado, las aII parls and Iimbs,
16
(and) is compIolo vill rospocl lo sonso-
organs
17
. You do nol knov il, you do nol soo (il). (Bul) I knov il, I soo (il). Tlal soIf, your lonour, duo lo llo
broaking up of llo body, is anniliIalod, il porislos, il is nol aflor doall, lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf is
porfoclIy anniliIalod.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of an oxisling
boing.

1
Scic sciicssc. Scic is a gonilivo prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill sciicssc. Ils incIusion loro sooms lo bo an orror, il doos nol occur in llo ITS loxl.
2
Cciummc|||ii| = cciu ('four') + (m)mc| ('groal') + ||ic ('oxislonls'/'oIomonls') + -i| ('laving'/'vlicl is mado of').
3
Mipciii|cscm||ctc. A balubbli compound vill dvanda slrucluro (mipciii|c, llo -i|c onding making il an adjoclivo) villin a Iargor
balubbli vill kammadlraya slrucluro, i.o. '(llis soIf) vlicl is a produclion vlicl is malornaI and palornaI'.
4
8|c!, abIalivo, soo Wardor p.91.
5
Vincsscii, vorb of llo llird conjugalion, or aIlornalivoIy a passivo vorb, 'is porislod'.
6
I.o. 'oxisls nol', nc |cii.
7
Or 'rigllIy', scmm.
8
Ycm, probabIy accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo.
9
Il is nol immodialoIy obvious from llo IaIi, vlicl onIy las a ii al llo ond of llo plraso, vloro llo iniliaI quolalion mark slouId go.
1O
Aqcm. Tloro is a conlrasl loro bolvoon llo procoding csc and cqcm vlicl doos nol como oul if cqcm is rondorod as 'llis'.
11
Or simpIy 'llus', ciitci.
12
Kmtcccrc = |mc + ctcccrc, balubbli compound, using 'boIonging lo' lo givo llo sonso of an adjoclivo.
13
Kc|c|in|r|rc||c||c = |c|c|in|rc ('soIid') + |rc ('nulrimonl') + ||c|||c ('fooding').
14
Nolo lov boll jnsi and pcsscsi lako icm as palionl.
15
Ycic ... ||c!, qcic + abIalivo vlicl I lransIalo simpIy as 'duo lo'.
16
Sc||cngcpccccng = sc||c ('aII') + cngc ('parls') + pccccng ('Iimbs'), a possossivo balubbli, in slrucluro Iiko a dvanda compound villin a
kammadlraya.
17
Iil. 'non-inforior facuIlios', c|nin!riqc = c + |nc ('inforior'/'incompIolo') + in!riqc ('facuIlios'/'sonsos'). Il is oxpIainod by llo commonlary as
pcripunnin!riqc, 'compIolo facuIlios'. Nolo llo singuIar onding of c|nin!riqc agrooing vill llo singuIar cii. Tlo impIiod moaning, lovovor, is
pIuraI.
43
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l
llis (soIf).' Bul, your lonour, llo soIf is nol lo llal oxlonl porfoclIy anniliIalod. Tloro is, your lonour, anollor soIf
vlicl, duo lo llo compIolo (sc||csc) surmounling
1
of porcoplions of form, duo lo llo onding of porcoplions of
rosislanco, duo lo llo non-allonlion lo porcoplions of divorsily, porcoiving 'spaco is unIimilod',
2
is boIonging lo llo
sploro of unIimilod spaco
3
. You do nol knov il, you do nol soo (il). (Bul) I knov il, I soo (il). Tlal soIf, your lonour,
duo lo llo broaking up of llo body, is anniliIalod, il porislos, il is nol aflor doall, lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, llis
soIf is porfoclIy anniliIalod.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of an
oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf).' Bul, your lonour, llo soIf is nol lo llal oxlonl porfoclIy anniliIalod. Tloro is, your lonour, anollor soIf vlicl,
laving compIoloIy surmounlod
4
llo sploro of infinilo spaco, porcoiving 'consciousnoss is unIimilod', is boIonging lo
llo sploro of unIimilod consciousnoss. You do nol knov il, you do nol soo (il). (Bul) I knov il, I soo (il). Tlal soIf,
your lonour, duo lo llo broaking up of llo body, is anniliIalod, il porislos, il is nol aflor doall, lo llis oxlonl, your
lonour, llis soIf is porfoclIy anniliIalod.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-
oxislonco of an oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf).' Bul, your lonour, llo soIf is nol lo llal oxlonl porfoclIy anniliIalod. Tloro is, your lonour, anollor soIf vlicl,
laving compIoloIy surmounlod llo sploro of unIimilod consciousnoss, porcoiving 'lloro is nolling', is boIonging lo
llo sploro of nollingnoss. You do nol knov il, you do nol soo (il). (Bul) I knov il, I soo (il). Tlal soIf, your lonour,
duo lo llo broaking up of llo body, is anniliIalod, il porislos, il is nol aflor doall, lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, |207]
llis soIf is porfoclIy anniliIalod.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of an
oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf).' Bul, your lonour, llo soIf is nol lo llal oxlonl porfoclIy anniliIalod. Tloro is, your lonour, anollor soIf vlicl,
laving compIoloIy surmounlod llo sploro of nollingnoss, porcoiving 'llis is poacofuI, llis is subIimo', is boIonging
lo llo sploro of noillor-porcoplion-nor-nonporcoplion
5
. You do nol knov il, you do nol soo (il). (Bul) I knov il, I soo
(il). Tlal soIf, your lonour, duo lo llo broaking up of llo body, is anniliIalod, il porislos, il is nol aflor doall, lo llis
oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf is porfoclIy anniliIalod.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo anniliIalion, llo doslruclion,
llo non-oxislonco of an oxisling boing.
Will roforonco lo lloso, monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of anniliIalion, docIaro llo
anniliIalion, llo doslruclion, llo non-oxislonco of an oxisling boing llrougl sovon grounds (D I 35,38) ...
(D I 36,17) Tloro aro, monks, somo ascolics and bralmins vlo lavo doclrinos of Nibbna in llis Iifo
6
, (and)
lloy docIaro llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling boing
7
llrougl fivo grounds. And lloso lonourabIo
ascolics and bralmins vlo lavo doclrinos of Nibbna in llis Iifo, dopondonl on vlal, vill roforonco lo vlal, do
lloy docIaro Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling boing llrougl fivo grounds`
Horo, monks, somo ascolic or bralmin is llus-spoaking, las sucl a viov: ''Wlon (qcic), your lonour, llis
soIf onjoys ilsoIf (pcricrcii), prosonlod vill
8
(and) providod vill
9
llo fivo slrands of sonso pIoasuros, lo llal oxlonl,
your lonour, llis soIf las (|cii) allainod (pciic) llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo
liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim (icm): ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro
isn'l llis (soIf)'. Bul, your lonour, llo (cqcm) soIf las nol lo llal oxlonl allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo. Wly
is llal` Bocauso, your lonour, sonsuaI pIoasuros (|m) aro impormanonl, sufforing, subjocl lo clango, (and) duo lo
llo clango and aIloralion
1O
of llom, sorrov, Iamonlalion, pain, griof, and dospair ariso. (Bul) vlon (qcic), your
lonour, llis soIf, laving bocomo soparalod from sonsuaI pIoasuros, laving bocomo soparalod from unvloIosomo
llings, laving onlorod, dvoIIs in llo firsl j|nc - vlicl las joy and lappinoss born of soparalion, iniliaI appIicalion

1
Scmcii|cm, abIalivo noun.
2
Ancnic |sc ii. Tlo ii loro las llo sonso of 'porcoiving' as lloso oxporioncos aro boyond llinking (i.o., tiic||c and ticrc lavo boon abandonod
aIroady in llo socond j|nc), cf. Wardor p.36.
3
|snccqcicnpcgc = |sc ('spaco') + cnccc ('unIimilod', aIlornalivo form lo cncnic) + qcicnc ('sploro') + upcgc ('boIonging lo'), a
balubbli compound quaIifying cii.
4
Scmcii|cmmc, gorund, comparo vill scmcii|cm jusl abovo.
5
Nctcscnscqcicnpcgc = nc + ctc +sc +nc + csc + qcicnc + upcgc, i.o. 'boIonging lo llo sploro of nol-porcoplion-and-nol-
nonporcoplion'.
6
Diii|c!|cmmc is conlraslod vill scmpcrqi|c, 'fuluro Iifo', in llo sullas.
7
Scic sciicssc. Horo appoars lo bo dalivo, as opposod lo llo abovo gonilivo.
8
Scmcppiic, agroos vill cii.
9
Scmcng||ic, aIso agroos vill cii.
1O
Vipcrinmcci|||t = tipcrinmc ('clango') + cci| ('ollorviso') + ||t ('(from llo) slalo'). Iil. 'from llo clango and ollorviso-slalo'.
44
(of mind), and suslainod appIicalion (of mind)
1
- lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf las allainod llo liglosl
Nibbna in llis Iifo.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf)'. Bul, your lonour, llo soIf las nol lo llal oxlonl allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo. Wly is llal` }usl
vlal (qc!) in llis caso (icii|c) is appIicalion-bogun
2
(and) appIicalion-suslainod, llrougl llal (cicnc) llis
3
(cicm) is
docIarod gross
4
. |208] (Bul) vlon, your lonour, llis soIf, duo lo llo caIming of iniliaI appIicalion (of mind) and
suslainod appIicalion (of mind), laving onlorod, dvoIIs in llo socond j|cnc - vlicl las inlornaI soronily, vlicl is a
slalo of unificalion (c|c!i||tcm) of mind, vlicl is villoul iniliaI appIicalion (of mind) (and) villoul suslainod
appIicalion (of mind), and vlicl las joy and lappinoss born of conconlralion
5
- lo llis oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf
las allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo for an
oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf)'. Bul, your lonour, llo soIf las nol lo llal oxlonl allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo. Wly is llal` }usl
vlal in llis caso is connoclod vill joy,
6
llo oIalion of mind, llrougl llal llis is docIarod gross. (Bul) vlon, your
lonour, llis soIf, duo lo llo fading avay (tirg) of joy, dvoIIs oquanimous, mindfuI, and cIoarIy comprolonding,
7

and oxporioncos lappinoss vill llo body
8
- llal (icm) aboul vlicl (qcn) llo nobIo onos (criq) docIaro: ''llo ono
vlo is oquanimous and mindfuI
9
las an abiding in lappinoss'' - laving onlorod, dvoIIs in llo llird j|nc, lo llis
oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf las allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo liglosl
Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling boing.
Anollor says llis lo lim: ''Tloro is, your lonour, llis soIf aboul vlicl you laIk. I do nol say 'lloro isn'l llis
(soIf)'. Bul, your lonour, llo soIf las nol lo llal oxlonl allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo. Wly is llal` }usl
vlal in llis caso is caIIod (iii) lappinoss, llo onjoymonl of llo mind, llrougl llal llis is docIarod gross. (Bul) vlon,
your lonour, llis soIf, duo lo llo abandoning of lappinoss and duo lo llo abandoning of sufforing, (and) duo lo llo
formor onding of joy and griof, laving onlorod, dvoIIs in llo fourll j|nc - vlicl is villoul sufforing, villoul
lappinoss, (and) vlicl las purily of mindfuInoss and oquanimily
1O
- lo llal oxlonl, your lonour, llis soIf las
allainod llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo.'' In llis vay somo docIaro llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling
boing.
Will roforonco lo lloso, monks, lloso ascolics and bralmins, vlo lavo doclrinos of Nibbna in llis Iifo,
docIaro llo liglosl Nibbna in llis Iifo for an oxisling boing llrougl fivo grounds ...
Will roforonco lo llis, monks, llo Tallgala undorslands: ''Tloso slandpoinls for viovs, llus graspod, llus
loId on lo, viII lavo sucl dosliny, sucl fuluro slalo.'' Tlal llo Tallgala undorslands, and lo undorslands moro
(uiicriicrcm) llan llal (icic), lo doos nol loId on lo llal undorslanding, and vliIo lo is nol loIding on,
11
llo
oxlinguisling is porsonaIIy knovn, (and) laving knovn as il acluaIIy is llo originalion, llo onding, llo pIoasuro,
llo disadvanlago, and llo Ioaving bolind of fooIings, llo Tallgala, monks, is frood duo lo non-cIinging.
Tloso, monks, aro lloso llings, profound, lard lo soo, lard lo avakon lo, poacofuI, subIimo, oulsido llo
sploro of roason, sublIo, lo bo knovn by llo viso, |209] vlicl llo Tallgala, laving roaIisod, laving limsoIf
knovn, procIaims, (and) by vlicl, rigllIy spoaking, lloy vouId spoak llo Tallgala's roaI praiso. (D I 38,24)

Exercise 23

Passage 1
12
(D I 22O,19 - 223,17)


1
Sctiic||cm scticrcm titc|cjcm piisu||cm aII quaIify pci|cmcjj|ncm. Viic||cm and ticrcm oIsovloro rofor lo 'llinking', bul in llo conloxl of
llo firsl j|nc rofor lo llo movomonl of llo mind onlo llo objocl and llo suslaining of llo mind on llo objocl rospoclivoIy, llus llo abovo
lransIalion. Soo llo Visuddlimagga p.142.
2
Viic||iicm, pasl parlicipIo of tiic||cii, llo vorbaI form of tiic||c. Tlus if tiic||c is 'iniliaI appIicalion (of mind)' llon tiic||cii is 'lo appIy
iniliaIIy' and tiic||iicm 'iniliaIIy appIiod'/'appIicalion-bogun', aII roIaling lo llo mind.
3
|icm, sooms lo rofor back lo llo firsl j|nc. Tlo samo appIios for llo noxl lvo j|ncs furllor dovn.
4
Tlo moaning sooms lo bo llal llo firsl j|nc - i.o.,, nol jusl llo tiic||c and ticrc - is gross bocauso of llo prosonco of tiic||c and ticrc.
5
Tlo forogoing, back lo 'socond j|nc', aro adjoclivos quaIifying 'socond j|nc'.
6
Yc! ctc icii|c piigcicm, i.o. llo aspocl of joy (pii) in llo socond j|nc. Ior 'connoclod vill' for gcic soo ILD.
7
Upc|||c|c, scic, and scmpcjnc aII quaIify cii. In lransIalion lloy gol an advorbiaI sonso.
8
Kqc is again usod in a broad sonso, loro roforring lo llo 'monlaI body', nmc-|qc.
9
Upc|||c|c and sciim aro loro nouns.
1O
Upc||sciiprisu!!|im = upc|| + scii + prisu!!|im. I lavo lakon upc|||scii lo bo a dvanda compound, bul ollor roIalions bolvoon llo lvo
mombors aro aIso possibIo.
11
Gonilivo absoIulo.
12
Ior furllor grammalicaI nolos on vords and plrasos porlaining lo llis passago, soo oxorciso 21, passago 3.
45
Wlon llis lad boon said, llo gods boIonging lo Bralma's group
1
said llis lo llal monk: ''Wo aIso, monk,
do nol knov vloro lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor
2
, lo vil, llo oIomonl of oarll ... olc ... llo
oIomonl of air. (Bul) lloro is, monk, Bralm, llo groal god, llo ovorIord, llo unconquorod, llo aII-sooing, llo
vioIdor of povor, llo Iord, llo makor, llo croalor, llo bosl, llo ordainor, llo maslor, llo fallor of pasl, oxisling, and
fuluro boings, vlo is moro oxcoIIonl and oxaIlod
3
llan vo
4
. Ho migll knov llis: vloro lloso four groal oIomonls
coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil, llo oarll oIomonl ... olc ... llo air oIomonl.''
''Bul vloro, frionds, is llal groal god al prosonl`''
''AIso vo, monk, do nol knov vloro Bralm is, vlicl vay Bralm is, or vloroabouls Bralm is.
NovorlloIoss, monk, vlon (qci|) signs aro soon, a Iigll is producod, (and) a spIondour appoars, (llon) Bralm viII
appoar. Tlis is llo porlonl
5
for llo appoaranco of Bralm, namoIy, (llal) a Iigll is producod (and) a spIondour
appoars.''
Tlon, suro onougl (ctc), llal groal god soon
6
appoarod. Tlon llal monk approaclod llal groal god, (and)
laving approaclod, said llis lo Bralm: ''Wloro, friond, do lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo
vil llo oarll oIomonl ... olc ... llo air oIomonl`''
Wlon llis
7
lad boon said, llal groal god said llis lo llal monk: ''I, monk, am Bralm, llo groal god, llo
ovorIord, llo unconquorod, llo aII-sooing, llo vioIdor of povor, llo Iord, llo makor, llo croalor, llo bosl, llo
ordainor, llo maslor, llo fallor of pasl, oxisling, and fuluro boings.''
AIso for a socond limo
8
llal monk said llis lo llal Bralm: ''I do nol, friond, ask you llis: 'Aro you Bralm,
llo groal god, llo ovorIord, llo unconquorod, llo aII-sooing, llo vioIdor of povor, |224] llo Iord, llo makor, llo
croalor, llo bosl, llo ordainor, llo maslor, llo fallor of pasl, oxisling, and fuluro boings`' Bul,
9
friond, I ask you (icm)
llis: 'Wloro, friond, do lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil llo oarll oIomonl ... olc ... air
oIomonl`' ''
AIso for a socond limo llal groal god said llis lo llal monk: ''I, monk, am Bralm ... olc ...''
AIso for a llird limo ... olc ... llo air oIomonl`' ''
Tlon llal groal god laving lakon llal monk by llo arm
1O
, laving Iod (lim)
11
lo ono sido, said llis lo llal
monk: ''Horo, monk, llo gods boIonging lo Bralm's group knov llis
12
: 'Tloro is nolling
13
unsoon by Bralm
14
,
lloro is nolling unknovn by Bralm, lloro is nolling unroaIizod by Bralm.' Tloroforo I did nol ansvor (tq|sim)
in lloir (icscm) prosonco. AIso I, monk, do nol knov vloro lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo
vil llo oarll oIomonl ... olc ... llo air oIomonl. Tloroforo, in llis caso, monk, jusl llis vas badIy dono by you
15
, jusl
llis vas dono vrongIy (cpcrc!!|cm) by you, llal (qcm) you, laving passod ovor llal BIossod Ono, gol inlo (pcjjcsi)
a soarcl oulsido
16
for llo purposo of an oxpIanalion lo llal quoslion. You go, monk, (and) laving approaclod jusl
llal BIossod Ono, ask llis quoslion, and as llo BIossod Ono oxpIains lo you (ic), so you slouId romombor il (ncm).''
Tlon llal monk, jusl Iiko (scqqci| pi nmc) a slrong man migll slrolcl oul a bonl arm or migll bond a
slrolclod arm, jusl so (lo) disappoarod in llo vorId of Bralm (and) appoarod in fronl of mo. Tlon llo monk,
laving paid rospocls lo mo, sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido llal monk said llis lo mo: ''Wloro, VonorabIo
Sir, do lloso four groal oIomonls coaso villoul romaindor, lo vil llo oarll oIomonl, llo valor oIomonl, llo loal
oIomonl, llo air oIomonl`''
Wlon llis lad boon said, I said llis lo llal monk: ''Onco upon a limo, monk, ocoan morclanls, laving lakon
a sloro-siglling bird, pul oul lo soa in a boal. Tloy roIoasod llo sloro-siglling bird from llo non-sloro-sooing
17

boal. Il vonl
18
in llo oaslorn diroclion
19
, il vonl in llo soullorn diroclion, il vonl in llo voslorn diroclion, il vonl in

1
8rc|mc|qi| = |rc|m + |qc + -i|. Balubbli compound, Iiko a lappurisa compound in slrucluro. 'BoIonging lo ...' givos llo adjoclivaI sonso.
2
Again, nolo llal cpcriscs is an adjoclivo quaIifying mc|||i, Iil. 'llo romaindorIoss groal oIomonls'. On lransIalion il gols an advorbiaI sonso.
3
Again nolo lov lloso comparalivo vords funclion as adjoclivos, soo Wardor pp.123-124.
4
Am|c|i, abIalivo usod for comparison, soo Wardor p.92.
5
Pu||cnimiiicm, Iil. 'boforo-sign'.
6
Nc circss'ctc = nc circsscm ctc. Nc circsscm IiloraIIy moans 'nol aflor a Iong limo'.
7
Again nolo llal ctcm oflon rofors back lo somolling jusl monlionod or forvard lo somolling aboul lo bo slalod. Tlus il is oflon bosl lransIalod
vill 'llis' or 'llal'.
8
Duiiqcm, usod as an advorb, soo ILD, rallor llan an adjoclivo, cf. Wardor p.125.
9
Cc somolimos las a disjunclivo moaning, soo ILD.
1O
8|qcm, Iocalivo of pIaco (soo Wardor p.1OO), Iil. 'on llo arm'.
11
1cm ||i|||um is llo palionl of boll gc|cit and cpcncit.
12
I.o., sucl is lloir (vrong) undorslanding.
13
N(c) |inci, indofinilo pronoun, soo Wardor p.86.
14
8rc|munc, Iil. 'of Bralm'. Tlis is an oxampIo of subjoclivo gonilivo, soo Wardor p.57.
15
1um|', I lako il as a junclion form of ium|cm, socond porson gonilivo singuIar of 'you', loro a subjoclivo gonilivo.
16
I.o., oulsido llo Buddla's loacling. 8c|i!!| oflon las llis sonso.
17
Airc!c|||iniq = c + irc ('sloro') + !c|||in ('sooing') + -q, (llo abIalivo caso sooms IikoIy).
18
Gccc|cii, lisloricaI prosonl lonso.
19
Purcii|imcm !iscm, accusalivo, Iil. 'lo llo oaslorn diroclion'.
46
llo norllorn diroclion, il vonl up, il vonl in aII diroclions
1
. If il sav llo sloro anyvloro, jusl (tc) so il vas a goor
2
.
Bul if il didn'l soo llo sloro anyvloro, il camo back lo jusl llal boal. }usl so, monk, bocauso (qcic) you, sooking as
far as
3
llo vorId of Bralm
4
, |225] did nol gol
5
an oxpIanalion lo llis quoslion, llon (you) camo back inlo jusl my
prosonco
6
. Tlis quoslion, monk, slouId nol bo askod llus: 'Wloro, VonorabIo Sir, do lloso four groal oIomonls coaso
villoul romaindor, lo vil llo oarll oIomonl, llo valor oIomonl, llo firo oIomonl, llo air oIomonl.' Bul (cc ||c),
monk, llis quoslion slouId bo askod llus:

'Wloro doos valor, and oarll, firo, air, nol sland firm
7
`
Wloro doos Iong and slorl, smaII, Iargo, boauly and ugIinoss,
Wloro doos namo and form coaso villoul romaindor`'
8
.

Tloro llo oxpIanalion is:

'Consciousnoss vlicl is invisibIo, unIimilod, aII-Iuminous,
Horo valor, and oarll, firo, air, doos nol sland firm,
Horo Iong and slorl, smaII, Iargo, boauly and ugIinoss,
Horo namo and form coasos villoul romaindor,
Will llo cossalion of consciousnoss, loro llis coasos.' ''

Passage 2
9
(D II 22,22 - 24,17)

Tlon monks, King Bandlum, laving sonl for
1O
llo clarioloor, said llis: ''I lopo, doar clarioloor, (llal) llo
Irinco look pIoasuro
11
in llo park-ground, I lopo, doar clarioloor, (llal) llo Irinco vas doIigllod (ciicmcnc) vill
llo park-ground`''
''Your Majosly (!ctc), llo Irinco did nol lako pIoasuro in llo park-ground, your Majosly, llo Irinco vas nol
doIigllod vill llo park-ground.''
''Bul vlal, doar clarioloor, did llo Irinco soo (vlon) going lo llo park-ground`''
''Your Majosly, going lo llo park-ground, llo Irinco sav an agod man ... (and) your Majosly, llo (sc) Irinco,
gono lo llo paIaco, sad, and dojoclod, vas ovorcomo vill rogrol: 'TruIy, your lonour, Iol lloro bo slamo on (llis
lling) caIIod birll, in as mucl as for llo ono vlo las boon born, oId ago viII bo discornod.' ''
Tlon, monks, King Bandlum llougll llis: ''Indood (|'ctc) Iol nol |226] Irinco Vipass nol ruIo llo
kingdom,
12
indood Iol nol Irinco Vipass go forll form lomo lo lomoIossnoss, indood Iol nol llo spoocl of llo
proplosior bralmins bo
13
lruo.''
Tlon monks, King Bandlum providod for Irinco Vipass, lo a sliII groalor oxlonl, llo fivo slrands of sonso
pIoasuro, so llal (qci|) Irinco Vipass vouId ruIo llo kingdom, so llal Irinco Vipass vouId nol go forll from
lomo lo lomoIossnoss, so llal llo spoocl of llo proplosior bralmins vouId bo vrong. Tlon (icirc su!cm) monks,
Irinco Vipass onjoyod limsoIf
14
prosonlod vill (and) providod vill llo fivo slrands of sonso pIoasuro.
Tlon monks, Irinco Vipass, (aflor) many yoars ... olc ...
(And) monks, going lo llo park-ground, Irinco Vipass sav a man vlo vas iII, affIiclod, vlo lad a slrong
iIInoss,
15
vlo vas Iying
16
faIIon in urino and oxcromonl, boing Iiflod by somo (cc|i) and boing lakon lomo
17
by

1
Anu!iscm, loro sooms lo bo an indocIinabIo, soo DI.
2
I.o., il vouId go jusl lloro.
3
Ytc, lakos llo abIalivo, llus |rc|m|c|.
4
Ytc qcic qtc |rc|mc|c|, I cannol mako any sonso of llo iniliaI qtc loro and in somo of llo IaIi manuscripls il is in facl missing.
5
Njj|cg = nc cjj|cg. Ajj|cg is llo rool aorisl of c!|igccc|cii, soo Wardor pp.353-354.
6
Mcm scnii|c. Scnii|c lakos llo gonilivo or llo accusalivo (loro mcm) vloroas llo LngIisl vord 'prosonco' onIy lakos llo gonilivo (i.o., in llo
prosonco nI somobody).
7
Or 'no fooling find', g!|cii. Nolo llal llo vorb is singuIar. Il oillor agroos onIy vill air or il is a coIIoclivo singuIar, soo Wardor p.26.
8
Again llo vorb, upcrujj|cii, is singuIar. IrobabIy namo and form slouId bo rogardod as ono onlily and lloroforo singuIar.
9
Ior furllor grammalicaI nolos on vords and plrasos porlaining lo llis passago, rofor lo oxorciso 19, passago 3, and oxorciso 2O, passago 1.
1O
mcnipcit, Iil 'laving causod lo bo addrossod'.
11
A||ircmiii|c, llird porson singuIar aorisl of llo middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315. Tlis vorb usuaIIy lakos llo Iocalivo.
12
I.o., lo musl ruIo llo kingdom.
13
Assc. NormaIIy llo vorb in a sonlonco boginning vill m is in llo aorisl lonso (soo Wardor pp.31-32), bul loro il is in llo oplalivo (soo NCRI
VII 4.1).
14
Pcricrcii, lisloricaI prosonl lonso.
15
8||cgi|ncm = |||c ('slrong') + gi|ncm ('iIInoss'), balubbli compound vill kammadlraya slrucluro quaIifying puriscm.
16
Scmncm, prosonl parlicipIo of scii.
17
Vuii|piqcmncm and scmtcsiqcmncm aro passivo causalivo prosonl parlicipIos, Iil. 'boing causod lo riso' and 'boing causod lo go lomo'.
47
ollors. Having soon, lo addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Bul, doar clarioloor, vlal las boon dono lo llis man,
1
lis oyos
aro nol as (lloso) of ollors, aIso lis voico is nol as (llal) of ollors`''
''Siro, lo is caIIod disoasod.''
''Bul vly, doar clarioloor, is lo caIIod disoasod`''
''Siro, lo is caIIod disoasod (bocauso): porlaps lo viII ariso
2
from llal sicknoss.
3
''
''Bul, doar clarioloor, am I aIso subjocl lo sicknoss, nol passod boyond
4
sicknoss`
5
''
''You Siro, and vo aII aro subjocl lo sicknoss, nol passod boyond sicknoss.''
''WoII llon (icnc |i), doar clarioloor, onougl nov loday of llo park-ground, from loro jusl rolurn lo llo
paIaco.''

Passage 3
6
(D III 64-68)

Tlon, monks, a corlain man approaclod llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod
7
king, (and) laving approaclod,
said llis lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king:
''Hoar, Siro, you slouId knov (llal) llo loavonIy vlooI-gom las disappoarod.''
Tlon, monks, vlon llo loavonIy vlooI-gom lad disappoarod,
8
llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king vas
dojoclod, and lo oxporioncod dojoclion, bul (cc ||c) lo did nol approacl llo royaI sago (and) ask
9
aboul llo nobIo
conducl (tciicm) of a vlooI-lurning monarcl. Ho govornod llo counlry jusl llrougl lis ovn opinion
1O
, (and) vliIo
lo vas govorning
11
llo counlry llrougl lis ovn opinion,
12
|227] llo counlrios
13
did nol prospor boforo (and) aflor
as
14
(lloy lad) vliIo llo oId kings voro conducling llomsoIvos in llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl
15
.
Tlon, monks, minislors, counciIIors, lroasurors and groal minislors, soIdiors, galokoopors, (and) lloso
Ioading a Iifo of
16
prayor (mcnicssc), laving assombIod, laving approaclod llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king,
said llis:
''Siro, vliIo you aro govorning llo counlry llrougl your ovn opinion, llo counlrios do nol prospor boforo
(and) aflor as (lloy did) vliIo llo oId kings voro procooding in llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl.
Tloro aro, Siro, in your kingdom, minislors, counciIIors, lroasurors and groal minislors, soIdiors, galokoopors, (and)
lloso Ioading a Iifo of prayor, vo and ollors, vlo
17
romombor llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl, loro,
Siro, you ask us (aboul) llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl, (and) askod by you
18
(aboul) llo nobIo
conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl, vo viII oxpIain
19
.''
Tlon, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king, laving causod llo minislors, counciIIors, lroasurors
and groal minislors, soIdiors, galokoopors, (and) lloso Ioading a Iifo of prayor lo assombIo
2O
, askod (aboul) llo nobIo
conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl. Askod
21
by lim
22
(aboul) llo nobIo conducl of a vlooI-lurning monarcl, lloy
oxpIainod. Having Iislonod lo llom, lo arrangod
23
propor (!|cmmi|cm) safoly, sloIlor, and proloclion, bul
24
lo did
nol granl voaIll lo lloso villoul voaIll
25
, (and) vlon voaIll vas nol boing granlod
26
lo lloso villoul voaIll,
1


1
I lako llo sonlonco lo bo passivo duo lo llo prosonco of llo pasl parlicipIo |cic, soo Wardor p.4O. Tlus cqcm purisc, boing llo objocl, is in llo
nominalivo caso.
2
Iil. 'may ariso', tuii|c|cqqc.
3
I.o., lo may gol voII or lo may nol.
4
Anciic, Iil. 'nol pasl'.
5
Kim nol lransIalod aparl from llo quoslion mark.
6
Ior furllor grammalicaI nolos on vords and plrasos porlaining lo llis passago, rofor lo oxorciso 18, passago 2.
7
Iil. 'load-sprinkIod', mu!!|tcsiiic = mu!!|c ('load') + ctcsiiic ('sprinkIod'), a balubbli compound vill lappurisa slrucluro ('sprinkIod on
llo load') quaIifying rj. Mu!!|c is an cn-slom noun (soo Wardor p.154), ctcsiiic is llo pasl parlicipIo of ctcsiccii.
8
Iocalivo absoIulo.
9
In llo IaIi llo nc ('nol') roIalos lo boll upcscn|cmiit and pucc|i bul llis doos nol como oul if ono lransIalos vill 'laving approaclod'. Rallor,
boll vorbs aro bosl rondorod in llo pasl lonso, 'did approacl ... (and) ask'.
1O
Scmcicnc = sc + mcicnc, soo Wardor p.187.
11
Pcsscic, gonilivo prosonl parlicipIo.
12
Gonilivo absoIulo.
13
Or maybo 'counlrysidos'. Tloro is a clango in llo loxl from llo singuIar (jusl boforo) lo llo pIuraI.
14
Yci| icm, sooms lo bo ono indocIinabIo oxprossion, soo ILD.
15
Gonilivo absoIulo. Nolo llal a Iocalivo oxprossion is incIudod villin llo gonilivo absoIulo.
16
Or 'Iiving by moans of', jtinc. Horo a possossivo noun, soo Wardor p.122. Soo aIso ILD.
17
Yc mcqcm, Iil. 'vo vlo'.
18
1cssc ic, subjoclivo gonilivo, soo Wardor p.57. Tlo conslruclion loro sooms lo bo an omplalic 'you', paraIIoI lo sc'|cm, 'llal I', soo Wardor p.29.
19
Again, nolo lov puii| and tq|crissmi appoar lo lavo llo samo palionl.
2O
Scnnipipcit, 'laving causod ... lo assombIo'.
21
Puii|, pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill impIiod agonl 'lloy' (i.o., impIiod by tq|crimsu).
22
Again, subjoclivo gonilivo.
23
Scmti!c|i, aorisl from scmti!c|cii.
24
Cc, soo ITS diclionary.
25
A!|cnncm, dalivo. Nolo lov llis noun, vlicl usuaIIy moans 'non-voaIll', loro moans 'lloso villoul voaIll'.
26
Ancnuppc!iqcmnc is a passivo prosonl parlicipIo Iocalivo.
48
povorly bocamo
2
abundanl. Wlon povorly bocamo abundanl
3
, a corlain man look llo ungivon (proporly) of
ollors in llo mannor of llofl
4
. Tlon
5
lloy look loId of lim (cncm), (and) laving lakon loId, lloy slovod
6
(lim) lo
llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king: ''Tlis man, Siro, look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of
llofl.''
Wlon llis lad boon said, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king said llis lo llal man: ''Is il roaIIy
(|irc) lruo, doar man, (llal) you look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl`'' ''Il is lruo, Siro.''
''Duo lo vlal causo`
7
'' ''Bocauso (|i), Siro, I am nol making a Iiving.'' Tlon, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-
anoinlod king granlod voaIll lo llal man: ''Tlrougl llis voaIll, doar man, by yoursoIf
8
you musl mako a Iiving,
Iook aflor (your) mollor and fallor, Iook aflor (your) cliIdron and vifo, and undorlako vork, (and) sol up an
upIifling donalion vill roforonco lo ascolics and bralmins, vlicl is loavonIy, vlicl las a lappy rosuIl
9
, (and)
vlicl is Ioading lo loavon
1O
.''
Saying
11
''yos Siro'', monks, llal man consonlod lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king.
Again (pi), monks, a corlain man look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl. Tlon lloy
look loId of lim, (and) laving lakon loId, lloy slovod (lim) lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king: ''Tlis man,
Siro, look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl.''
|228] Wlon llis lad boon said, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king said llis lo llo man:
''Is il roaIIy (|irc) lruo, doar man, (llal) you look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl`''
''Il is lruo, Siro.'' ''Duo lo vlal causo`'' ''Bocauso, Siro, I am nol making a Iiving.''
Tlon, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king granlod voaIll lo llal man: ''Tlrougl llis voaIll,
doar man, by yoursoIf you musl mako a Iiving, Iook aflor (your) mollor and fallor, Iook aflor (your) cliIdron and
vifo, and undorlako vork, (and) sol up an upIifling donalion vill roforonco lo ascolics and bralmins, vlicl is
loavonIy, vlicl las a lappy rosuIl, (and) vlicl is Ioading lo loavon.''
Saying ''yos, Siro'', monks, llal man consonlod lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king.
(And) monks, poopIo loard: ''Wlo, your lonour, lakos llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of
llofl, lo llom llo king granls voaIll.'' Having loard (llis), lloy llougll llis: ''Wlal nov if vo aIso voro lo lako
llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl`''
Tlon, monks, a corlain man look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl. Tlon lloy look
loId of lim, (and) laving lakon loId, lloy slovod (lim) lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king: ''Tlis man, Siro,
look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl.''
Wlon llis lad boon said, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king said llis lo llal man: ''Is il roaIIy
lruo, doar man, (llal) you look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl`'' ''Il is lruo, Siro.'' ''Duo lo
vlal causo`'' ''Bocauso, Siro, I am nol making a Iiving.''
Tlon, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king llougll llis: ''If I, vloovor slouId lako
12
llo ungivon
(proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl, lo lim slouId granl monoy, llus llis laking of llo ungivon viII incroaso.
Wlal nov if I voro lo provonl llis man llrougl an officionl provonlion
13
, voro lo do a doslruclion of llo rool, (and)
voro lo cul off llo load.''
Tlon, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king ordorod (lis) mon: ''Nov, I say, laving bound llis
man vill a slrong ropo, vill lis arms bolind lis back, vill a slrong binding,
14
laving dono a slaving vill a
razor
15
, laving Iod (lim) vill a larsl-sounding
16
drum from slrool lo slrool, from crossroads lo crossroads
1
, laving

1
Iocalivo absoIulo.
2
Iil. 'vonl', cgcmsi.
3
Iil. 'gono lo abundanco', tcpu||cgcic.
4
Iil. 'llofl-rockonod', i|cqqcscn||icm. I undorsland il as a balubbli compound usod as an advorb, soo Wardor foolnolo p.212, and quaIifying
!iqi.
5
1cm. Sooms lo bo an indocIinabIo loro or possibIy an accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo, i.o. 'vill roforonco lo llis'.
6
Iil. 'causod lo soo', !csscsum, causalivo of 'lo soo'. Takos llo dalivo.
7
Kim |rcn. Ono migll lavo oxpoclod |im lo aIso appoar in llo abIalivo. IrobabIy |im is lo bo rogardod as an indocIinabIo simpIy making llo
plraso a quoslion: 'is il from/duo lo a causo`', i.o. 'vlal is llo causo`'. Tlus, according lo DI, llo vloIo oxprossion is advorbiaI, moaning
'vly`'. Soo DI undor |c.
8
Aiicn. IrosumabIy as opposod lo sloaIing.
9
I.o., vlicl is good |cmmc, su||ctip|cm. A balubbli compound slruclurod Iiko a kammadlraya and quaIifying !c|||incm, 'donalion'.
1O
Scggcscmtciicni|cn, anollor balubbli compound.
11
'Saying' is impIiod by llo quolalion markor ii.
12
!iqisscii, soo Wardor p.55 for llis 'oplalivo' uso of llo fuluro lonso.
13
Sunisc!|cm, sooms lo bo an advorb lo nisc!|cqqcm. Su givos a posilivo/roinforcod sonso of llo vord il quaIifios, llus 'officionl provonlion'.
Nolo llo idiomalic IaIi conslruclion vloro llo advorb las llo samo basic moaning as llo sonlonco vorb, Iil. 'voro lo provonl voII-provonlodIy'.
14
Pccc|||cm and g||c|cn!|cncm, boll apparonlIy balubbli compounds usod as advorbs. Pccc|||cm, 'arms vlicl aro bolind', las llo
slrucluro of an avyayblva compound, soo Wardor p.255f. G||c|cn!|cncm, 'binding vlicl is slrong', las kammadlraya slrucluro, soo
Wardor p.1O8.
15
K|urcmun]cm = ||urc ('razor') + mun]cm ('slaving'), loro laking mun]cm lo bo a noun. Tlo compound is a lappurisa and il is llo palionl of
|criit.
16
K|crcsscrcnc = ||crc ('rougl') + scrc ('sound'), a balubbli compound quaIifying pcnctcnc, 'drum'.
49
Iofl by llo soullorn galo, lo llo soull
2
of llo cily, provonl (lim) llrougl an officionl provonlion, do a doslruclion
of llo rool, (and) cul off lis load.''
|229] Saying ''yos, Siro'', monks, lloso mon laving consonlod lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king,
laving bound llal man vill a slrong ropo, vill lis arms bolind lis back, vill a slrong binding, laving dono a
slaving vill a razor, laving Iod (lim) vill a larsl-sounding drum from slrool lo slrool, from crossroads lo
crossroads, laving Iofl by llo soullorn galo, lo llo soull of llo cily lloy provonlod (lim) vill an officionl
provonlion, did a doslruclion of llo rool, (and) cul off lis load.
(And), monks, poopIo loard: ''Wlo, your lonour, lako llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor
sloaIing, llo king provonls llom vill an officionl provonlion, lo doos a doslruclion of llo rool, lo culs off lloir
loads.'' Having loard, lloy llougll llis: ''Wlal nov if vo voro lo lavo slarp svords mado
3
, (and) laving lad
slarp svords mado, vloso ungivon (proporly) vo lako
4
in llo mannor of llofl, vo viII provonl llom vill an
officionl provonlion, vo viII do llo doslruclion of llo rool, vo viII cul off lloir loads.''
(And) lloy lad slarp svords mado, (and) laving lad slarp svords mado, lloy allackod lo do viIIago-
sIaugllor
5
, lloy aIso allackod lo do lovn-sIaugllor, lloy aIso allackod lo do cily-sIaugllor, lloy aIso allackod lo do
road-robbory. Wloso ungivon (proporly) lloy look in llo mannor of llofl, lloy provonlod llom vill an officionl
provonlon, lloy did llo doslruclion of llo rool, lloy cul off lloir loads.
Tlus, monks, vlon voaIll vas nol boing granlod lo lloso villoul voaIll,
6
povorly bocamo abundanl,
vlon povorly bocamo abundanl, llo laking of llo ungivon bocamo abundanl, vlon llo laking of llo ungivon
bocamo abundanl, svords bocamo abundanl, vlon svords bocamo abundanl, llo kiIIing of Iiving boings bocamo
abundanl, vlon llo kiIIing of Iiving boings bocamo abundanl, llo spoaking of faIsolood bocamo abundanl, vlon
llo spoaking of faIsolood bocamo abundanl, llo Iifospan (qu) of lloso boings docIinod, and (pi) (lloir) boauly
docIinod, (and) vlon lloy voro docIining
7
in Iifospan
8
and docIining in boauly,
9
(llon) llo sons of llo poopIo vlo
lad a Iifospan of oiglly llousand yoars lad a Iifospan of forly llousand yoars.
(And), monks, among llo poopIo vlo lad a Iifo-span of forly llousand yoars, a corlain man look llo
ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl. Tlon lloy look loId of lim, (and) laving lakon loId (of lim),
lloy slovod (lim) lo llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king: ''Siro, llis man look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors
in llo mannor of llofl.''
Wlon llis lad boon said, monks, llo nobIo varrior, load-anoinlod king said llis lo llal man: ''Is il roaIIy
lruo, doar man, (llal) you look llo ungivon (proporly) of ollors in llo mannor of llofl`'' ''No, Siro,'' lo said, (and)
lo spoko faIsolood doIiboraloIy
1O
.

TransIate intn EngIish

Bul,
11
Vsollla, (lloso) vlo aro llo oId sagos
12
of llo bralmins vlo lavo llo llroo knovIodgos, llo makors
13
of llo
lymns, llo procIaimors
14
of llo lymns - vloso (qcscm) ancionl prayorvord, song, procIamalion, (and)
coIIoclion, llo bralmins vlo lavo llo llroo knovIodgos loro
15
al prosonl (cicrc|i), lloy sing aIong vill llal
16
,
lloy spoak aIong vill llal, lloy spoak aIong vill vlal vas spokon
17
(by llom), lloy rocilo aIong vill vlal
vas rocilod (by llom) - lo vil: Alllako, Vmako, Vmadovo, Vossmillo, Yamalaggi, Angiraso, Blradvjo,
Vsolllo, Kassapo, Blagu
18
- did ovon (pi) lloy
19
say
2O
llis: ''Wo knov llis, vo soo llis: vloro Bralm is, or
vlicl vay Bralm is, or vloroabouls Bralm is`'' (D I 238,16-25)

1
Tvo abIalivo lypo conslruclions using llo inslrumonlaI, soo Wardor p.46.
2
Dc|||incic, abIalivo, Iil. 'from llo soull ...'. Soo Wardor p.9O.
3
Krpcqqmc, causalivo, Iil. 'vo voro lo causo lo bo mado'.
4
!iqissmc, Iil. 'vo viII lako'. Iuluro oxprossing labil, soo Wardor p.55.
5
Gmcg|icm, lappurisa compound, 'sIaugllor of viIIagos'.
6
Iocalivo absoIulo.
7
Pcri|qcmnncm is a passivo prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo pIuraI.
8
qun, Iil. '(docIining) vill Iifo'.
9
IrobabIy a gonilivo absoIulo.
1O
Scmpcjncmus, sooms lo bo an advorb lo c||si, Iil. '(lo spoko) doIiboralo-faIsoIy'.
11
Kim pcnc. Kim is nol lransIalod aparl from making llo sonlonco inlorrogalivo.
12
|scqc, mascuIino pIuraI i-slom noun.
13
Kciirc, agonl noun, nominalivo pIuraI, soo Wardor pp.2O9-21O.
14
Pctciirc, anollor agonl noun.
15
|!cm, I lako il lo bo an indocIinabIo.
16
1c!, rofors back lo 'prayorvord' olc.
17
8|siicm, loro a noun.
18
Tloso aro llo namos of lloso ancionl bralmins.
19
1c, domonslralivo pronoun roforring lo llo roIalivo pronoun qcscm, 'of vlom', abovo. Nolo llal llo gondors and numbors of llo pronouns
aro llo samo, bul llo casos aro difforonl, soo Wardor p.71.
2O
|cmsu, porfocl lonso, soo Wardor p.17O.
50
Tloro viII bo undorslandors
1
of llo Dlamma.
2
(D II 37,17-18)
WoII llon, lonourabIo Govinda, vail sovon days vliIo (qtc) vo inslrucl our ovn (sc|c) sons and brollors
3
in
kingslip
4
. (D II 248,1-2)
Tlis is llo Toaclor's
5
disponsalion. (D II 124,5-6)
''Iriond, do you knov our Toaclor`'' Yos, friond, I knov (lim). (D II 162,16-17)
}usl as, nanda, a fallor is doar (and) pIoasing lo (lis) sons, jusl so, nanda, King Malsudassana vas doar (and)
pIoasing lo bralmins and lousoloIdors. (D II 178,2-5)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (D II 34O,3 - 341,2)

Exercise 24

Passage 1 (D II 72,1 - 81,12)
6


Tlis las boon loard by mo. Al ono limo llo BIossod Ono dvoIl in Rjagala on llo mounlain VuIluropoak.
Nov al llal limo llo Magadlan
7
King Ajlasallu Vodolipullo vas dosiring lo allack
8
llo Vajjans
9
. Ho said llis: ''I
viII slriko
1O
lloso Vajjans vlo lavo sucl groal povor
11
, vlo lavo sucl groal migll, I viII anniliIalo llo Vajjans, I
viII causo llo Vajjans lo porisl, I viII produco misforluno and disaslor for llo Vajjans.''
Tlon llo Magadlan King Ajlasallu Vodolipullo addrossod llo bralmin Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of
Magadla: ''You go, bralmin, (and) approacl llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, in my namo
12
, pay rospocl
vill llo load
13
al llo fool
14
of llo BIossod Ono, (and) ask (vlollor lo is) froo from iIInoss
15
, froo from fovor,
romaining Iigll,
16
slrong, (and) dvoIIing in comforl
17
: ''VonorabIo Sir, llo Magladan King Ajlasallu Vodolipullo
pays rospocl vill llo load al llo fool of llo BIossod Ono (and) asks (vlollor llo BIossod Ono is) froo from sicknoss,
froo from fovor, romaining Iigll, slrong, (and) dvoIIing in comforl.'' And say llis: ''VonorabIo Sir, llo Magadlan
King Ajlasallu Vodolipullo is dosiring lo allack llo Vajjans. Ho says llis: 'I viII slriko lloso Vajjans vlo lavo
sucl groal povor, vlo lavo sucl groal migll, I viII anniliIalo llo Vajjans, I viII causo llo Vajjans lo porisl, I viII
produco misforluno and disaslor for llo Vajjans.' And as llo BIossod Ono oxpIains lo you, laving Ioarnod il voII,
(so) you slouId inform mo
18
, for Tallgalas do nol spoak unlrull.''
Saying ''yos, your lonour'', llo bralmin Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of Magadla, laving consonlod lo llo
Mgadlan King Ajlasallu Vodolipullo, laving causod llo vory bosl carriagos lo bo yokod, laving mounlod a
good carriago, vonl oul from Rjagala vill llo vory bosl carriagos, (and) procoodod lo VuIluro-poak mounlain,
19

(and) laving gono vill llo carriago as far as llo ground vas suilabIo for a carriago
2O
, laving doscondod from llo
carriago, approaclod llo BIossod Ono onIy on fool
21
, (and) laving approaclod, oxclangod groolings vill llo
BIossod Ono, (and) laving mado agrooabIo and poIilo convorsalion, (lo) sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido llo
bralmin Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of Magadla, said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''HonourabIo Golama, llo
Mgadlan King Ajlasallu Vodolipullo pays rospocl vill llo load al llo fool of llo HonourabIo Golama, (and)
asks (vlollor llo HonourabIo Golama is) froo from sicknoss, froo from fovor, romaining Iigll, slrong, (and)
dvoIIing in comforl. HonourabIo Golama, llo Mgadlan King |244] Ajlasallu Vodolipullo is dosiring lo allack llo

1
Airc, agonl noun.
2
I.o., lloro viII bo lloso vlo undorsland llo Dlamma.
3
Puiic||icrc, pIuraI accusalivo roIalionslip noun (soo Wardor p.21O) and dvanda compound.
4
Rcjjc, soo ILD.
5
Scii|u, gonilivo agonl noun.
6
Again lloro aro somo abridgomonls in Wardor's loxl comparod lo llo ITS odilion.
7
Adjoclivo quaIifying 'king', rj, soo Wardor p.254.
8
A||iqiu|mc is a balubbli compound, soo Wardor pp.231-232.
9
Vcjj, appoars lo bo an accusalivo mascuIino pIuraI i-/-slom noun, boing llo palionl of c||iqiu, 'allack'.
1O
|cc|(cm), fuluro lonso, soo Wardor p.232.
11
|tcmmc|i!!|i|c = ctcm + mc| + i!!|c + -i|c.
12
Mcmc tcccncnc, Iil. 'llrougl my spoocl', soo ILD.
13
I.o., your load.
14
Pc!c, probabIy accusalivo pIuraI.
15
App|!|cm = cppc + |!|cm, Iil. 'IillIo iIInoss'.
16
Ic|uii|ncm = |c|u + (i)i|ncm. ApparonlIy llis is anollor vay lo ask vlollor somoono is in good loaIll, soo ILD.
17
Tlo forogoing fivo accusalivos aro palionls of pucc|c, Iil. 'ask aboul IillIo iIInoss ...'.
18
Mcmcm rcccqqsi. rcccii lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.68.
19
Nolo llo qcnc ... icnc conslruclion loro vill llo vorb pcqii, vill qcnc laking llo nominalivo, soo Wardor p.14.
2O
Yncssc, dalivo. Tlis usago is somolimos caIIod 'dalivo of suilabiIily', soo SCIN para. 1O8c.
21
Pciii|c, quaIifying 'lo', llo impIiod agonl of llo vorb, soo ILD.
51
Vajjans. Ho says llis: 'I viII slriko lloso Vajjans vlo lavo sucl groal povor, vlo lavo sucl groal migll, I viII
anniliIalo llo Vajjans, I viII causo llo Vajjans lo porisl, I viII produco misforluno and disaslor for llo Vajjans.' ''
Nov (pcnc) al llal limo VonorabIo nanda vas slanding bolind
1
llo BIossod Ono, fanning llo BIossod Ono.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Indood,
2
nanda, las (il) boon loard by you: 'llo Vajjans
froquonlIy lavo
3
assombIios (and) aro dovolod lo assombIios
4
'`'' ''Tlal las boon loard by mo VonorabIo Sir: 'llo
Vajjans froquonlIy lavo assombIios (and) aro dovolod lo assombIios'.'' ''nanda, as Iong as llo Vajjans lavo
5

assombIios froquonlIy (and) aro dovolod lo assombIios, jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod
6
for llo Vajjans
7
, nol
docIino. Indood, nanda, las (il) boon loard by you: 'llo Vajjans assombIo in larmony
8
, riso up (from llo mooling)
in larmony, (and) do llo businoss of llo Vajjans
9
in larmony'`'' ''Tlal las boon loard by mo VonorabIo Sir: 'llo
Vajjans assombIo in larmony, riso up in larmony, (and) do llo businoss of llo Vajjans in larmony'.'' ''nanda, as
Iong as llo Vajjans assombIo
1O
in larmony, riso up in larmony, (and) do llo businoss of llo Vajjans in larmony,
jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo Vajjans, nol docIino. Indood, nanda, las (il) boon loard by you: 'llo
Vajjans do nol aulloriso llo unaullorisod, lloy do nol aboIisl llo aullorisod
11
, (and) laving undorlakon (llom)
lloy procood
12
according lo (qci|) llo ancionl, aullorisod cusloms of llo Vajjans'`'' ''Tlal las boon loard by mo
VonorabIo Sir: 'llo Vajjans do nol aulloriso llo unaullorisod, lloy do nol aboIisl llo aullorisod, (and) laving
undorlakon (llom) lloy procood according lo llo ancionl, aullorisod cusloms of llo Vajjans'.'' ''nanda, as Iong
as llo Vajjans do nol aulloriso llo unaullorisod, do nol aboIisl llo aullorisod, (and) laving undorlakon (llom)
procood according lo llo ancionl, aullorisod cusloms of llo Vajjans, jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo
Vajjans, nol docIino.'' ''Indood, nanda, las (il) boon loard by you: 'llo Vajjans osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and)
lonour lloso vlo aro llo Vajj-oIdors of llo Vajjans,
13
and lloy llink (llal) lo llom (il) slouId bo Iislonod'`'' ''Tlal
las boon loard by mo VonorabIo Sir: 'llo Vajjans osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and) lonour lloso vlo aro llo Vajji-
oIdors of llo Vajjans, and lloy llink (llal) lo llom (il) slouId bo Iislonod'.'' ''nanda, as Iong as llo Vajjans
osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and) lonour lloso vlo aro llo Vajji-oIdors of llo Vajjans, and lloy llink (llal) lo llom (il)
slouId bo Iislonod, jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo Vajjans, nol docIino.'' ''Indood, nanda, las (il)
boon loard by you: 'lloso vlo aro famiIy-vomon (and) famiIy-girIs, llo Vajjans do nol
14
mako llom
15
Iivo vill
(llom), laving draggod llom
16
avay, laving forcod llom'`'' ''Tlal las boon loard by mo VonorabIo Sir: 'lloso vlo
aro famiIy-vomon (and) famiIy-girIs, llo Vajjans do nol mako llom Iivo vill (llom), laving draggod llom avay,
laving forcod llom'.'' ''nanda, as Iong as llo Vajjans do nol mako lloso vlo aro famiIy-vomon (and) famiIy-
girIs Iivo vill (llom), laving draggod llom avay, laving forcod llom, jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod for
llo Vajjans, |245] nol docIino.'' ''Indood, nanda, las (il) boon loard by you: 'lloso vlicl aro llo Vajj-slrinos of
llo Vajjans, inlornaI and oxlornaI,
17
lloso llo Vajjans osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and) lonour, and lloy do nol roscind
llo formorIy givon, formorIy dono, IavfuI roIigious conlribulion
18
lo llom
19
'`'' ''Tlal las boon loard by mo
VonorabIo Sir: 'lloso vlicl aro llo Vajji-slrinos of llo Vajjans, inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy, lloso llo Vajjans osloom,
rospocl, rovoro, (and) lonour, and lloy do nol roscind llo formorIy givon, formorIy dono, IavfuI roIigious
conlribulion lo llom'.'' ''nanda, as Iong as llo Vajjans osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and) lonour lloso vlicl aro llo
Vajji-slrinos of llo Vajjans, inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy, and lloy do nol roscind llo formorIy givon, formorIy dono,
IavfuI roIigious conlribulion lo llom, jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo Vajjans, nol docIino.'' ''Indood,

1
Piii|iic, lakos llo gonilivo.
2
Kin ii, omplasising llo inlorrogalivo moaning, soo DI.
3
Tlo vorb 'lo bo', |cnii, is impIiod. Again, on occasion il is bosl lransIalod vill 'lo lavo'. Nolo llal scnnipi and scnnipic|c|u| boll aro
adjoclivos quaIifying Vcjj by boing prodicalod of il, Wardor p.61.
4
Scnnipic|c|u| = scnnipic + |c|u| ('dovolod lo').
5
8|ctisscnii. Soo Wardor p.55 for llis 'Iav of naluro' uso of llo fuluro lonso.
6
Pii|cn||, fuluro passivo parlicipIo of pii|cn||cii in llo funclion of an adjoclivo. Il agroos vill tu]]|i, 'incroaso'/'grovll', and is lloroforo
fominino singuIar.
7
Vcjjncm, dalivo.
8
Scmcgg is a mascuIino pIuraI adjoclivo agrooing vill Vcjj, Iil. 'llo larmonious Vajjans'.
9
Vcjji|crcniqni. Kcrcniqni is a noulor fuluro passivo parlicipIo usod as a noun, soo Wardor p.1O6.
1O
Again, and aIso boIov, llo fuluro lonso is usod lo oxpross 'Iav of naluro'.
11
Tlis sooms lo rofor lo Iavs and cusloms. Tlo commonlary says, 'lax, offoring, and punislmonl'.
12
Scm!qc tciicnii. Again, nolo llal pcciic pcrnc Vcjji!|cmmc is llo palionl of boll scm!qc and tciicnii. If lakon as a poriplraslic or
auxiIiary vorb conslruclion (soo Wardor p.238) llon lransIalo 'lloy go on conforming ...'.
13
Iil. 'llo Vajjans, lloso whn aro llo Vajji-oIdors of llo Vajjans, thnse (lloy) osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and) lonour ...'. A lypicaI IaIi
conslruclion vill a roIalivo cIauso procoding a domonslralivo cIauso, soo Wardor pp.7O-72 and 291-299.
14
Nolo llal llo nogalivo parlicIo nc roIalos lo llo vloIo of llo Iasl parl of llo sonlonco.
15
1, accusalivo.
16
1 is llo palionl of aII llroo vorbs.
17
A|||cnicrni and ||irni, adjoclivos lo Vcjjicciiqni. IrosumabIy rofors lo inlornaI and oxlornaI lo Vajjan lorrilory.
18
Tlis sooms lo bo a caso of a slring of llroo adjoclivos, lvo of vlicl aro balubbli compounds, coming boforo llo noun lloy quaIify, '|c|im', cf.
Wardor p.61.
19
1cscm, rofors back lo llo slrinos.
52
nanda, las (il) boon loard by you: 'by llo Vajjans
1
propor (!|cmmi|c) safoly, sloIlor, and proloclion las boon
voII-arrangod vill roforonco lo llo aralanls
2
, llinking
3
''lov llon (|in ii) may unarrivod (cngci) aralanls como
lo llo counlry, and (lov) may arrivod aralanls dvoII al oaso
4
in llo counlry`'' ' `'' ''Tlal las boon loard by mo,
VonorabIo Sir: 'by llo Vajjans propor safoly, sloIlor, and proloclion las boon voII-arrangod vill roforonco lo llo
aralanls, llinking ''lov llon may unarrivod aralanls como lo llo counlry, and (lov) may arrivod aralanls dvoII
al oaso in llo counlry`'' ' '' ''nanda, as Iong as propor safoly, sloIlor, and proloclion is voII-arrangod by llo
Vajjans vill roforonco lo llo aralanls, llinking 'lov llon may unarrivod aralanls como lo llo counlry, and (lov)
may arrivod aralanls dvoII al oaso in llo counlry`' - jusl grovll, nanda, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo Vajjans, nol
docIino.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo bralmin Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of Magadla: ''Nov
5
al ono limo,
bralmin, I vas dvoIIing in VosI al llo Srandada slrino, (and) lloro I laugll lloso sovon non-docIino praclicos
6
lo
llo Vajjans, and bralmin as Iong as lloso sovon non-docIino praclicos romain among llo Vajjans, and llo Vajjans
aro soon
7
among lloso sovon non-docIino praclicos,
8
jusl grovll, bralmin, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo Vajjans, nol
docIino.'' Wlon llis lad boon said, llo bralmin Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of Magadla, said llis lo llo BIossod
Ono: ''HonourabIo Golama, jusl grovll is lo bo oxpoclod for llo Vajjians, nol docIino, ovon (pi) (if) ondovod vill
jusl ono
9
non-docIino praclico, nol lo spoak of vill sovon non-docIino praclicos. HonourabIo Golama, llo Vajjans
aro nol lo bo doaIl vill
1O
by King Magadla Ajlasallu Vodolipulla, llal is (qc! i!cm) llrougl var
11
, oxcopl llrougl
propaganda, oxcopl llrougl llo broaking aparl of llo opposilion
12
. WoII nov, lonourabIo Golama, vo musl go,
13

vo lavo many dulios, mucl businoss.'' ''|246] Bralmin, you may go al your convonionco.
14
Tlon llo bralmin
Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of Magadla, laving doIigllod in llo spoocl of llo BIossod Ono, laving oxprossod
approcialion, laving gol up from (lis) soal, Iofl.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono, vlon llo bralmin Vassakra, llo cliof minislor of Magadla, lad roconlIy (ccirc)
Iofl,
15
addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''You go, nanda, (and) as many monks as Iivo in dopondonco on Rjagala,
assombIo aII lloso in llo allondanco-laII.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda, laving consonlod lo llo
BIossod Ono, as many monks as voro dvoIIing in dopondonco on Rjagala, laving assombIod aII lloso in llo
allondanco-laII, (lo) approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, (lo)
slood lo ono sido, (and) slanding lo ono sido VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, llo
sangla of monks is assombIod, VonorabIo Sir, you may como al your ovn convonionco
16
.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono laving arison from llo soal, approaclod llo allandanco-laII, (and) laving
approaclod, lo sal dovn on a proparod soal, (and) laving sal dovn llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Monks,
I viII loacl you sovon non-docIino praclicos, Iislon lo llal, allond proporIy (s!|u|cm), I viII spoak.'' Saying ''yos,
VonorabIo Sir'', lloso monks consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlo BIossod Ono said llis: ''Monks, as Iong as monks
lavo
17
assombIios froquonlIy (and) aro dovolod lo assombIios, jusl grovll is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks, nol
docIino. And, monks, as Iong as monks assombIo in larmony, riso up in larmony, (and) do llo sangla-businoss in
larmony, jusl grovll, monks, is oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino. And, monks, as Iong as monks do nol
aulloriso llo unaullorisod, do nol aboIisl llo aullorisod, (and) laving undorlakon (llom) lloy conducl
llomsoIvos (tciiisscnii) in llo lraining ruIos as (lloy aro) docIarod, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo
monks, nol docIino. And, monks, as Iong as monks, lloso monks vlo aro oIdors, soniors, vlo lavo boon Iong gono-
forll, vlo aro llo fallors of llo sangla, vlo aro Ioadors of llo sangla, lloso lloy osloom, rospocl, rovoro, (and)
lonour, and lloy llink (llal) lo llom (il) slouId bo Iislonod, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks,
nol docIino. And, monks, as Iong as monks do nol como
18
(undor) llo conlroI of arison craving vlicl is Ioading lo

1
Vcjjncm, agonl gonilivo, soo Wardor p.57.
2
Arc|cnicsu, Iocalivo of roforonco, soo Wardor pp.1OO-1O1.
3
'Tlinking' slands for llo ii al llo ond of llo sonlonco.
4
P|sum, advorb.
5
|!|cm = i!cm + c|cm, soo Wardor p.217 (bollom). |!cm is loro usod advorbiaIIy (i.o., an indocIinabIo).
6
I.o., praclicos (!|cmm) llal do nol Ioad lo docIino. Apcri|niqc is an adjoclivo quaIifying !|cmmc.
7
Scn!isscnii, llird porson pIuraI passivo prosonl lonso.
8
|mcsu (cc) sciicsu cpcri|niqcsu !|cmmcsu, Iocalivo pIuraI. Tlis sooms lo bo a molaploricaI uso of llo Iocalivo of 'pIaco vloro', soo Wardor
p.1OO. ApparonlIy llo moaning is llal llo Vajjans aro soon praclising lloso sovon llings.
9
||cmc|cnc, soo DI.
1O
I.o., aro nol lo bo dofoalod, c|crcnq.
11
Yu!!|cssc, sooms lo bo an agonl gonilivo, soo Wardor p.57. Tlo sonlonco is passivo duo lo llo fuluro passivo parlicipIo c|crcnq and llus
roquiros an agonl in llo inslrumonlaI or gonilivo.
12
Mii|u. 'Opposilion' is prosumabIy a roforonco lo llo Vajjans. I diffor from WaIslo loro.
13
Gccc|mc', prosonl lonso oxprossing immodialo fuluro (soo Wardor p.12) or imporalivo.
14
Iil. 'for vlicl, bralmin, you nov llink (il is) limo', soo CDB p.334 and p.498 nolo 65O.
15
Iocalivo absoIulo.
16
Soo nolo abovo.
17
8|ctisscnii, fuluro oxprossing labil, soo Wardor p.55.
18
Iil. 'go', gccc|cnii.
53
robirll
1
, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino. And, monks, as Iong as monks aro
dosirous vill roforonco lo forosl abodos, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino. And,
monks, as Iong as monks, individuaIIy oslabIisl mindfuInoss, llinking 'lov llon may unarrivod (cngci) |247]
congoniaI co-loIy-Iifo-Iivors como, and (lov) may arrivod congoniaI co-loIy-Iifo-Iivors dvoII al oaso`' - jusl grovll,
monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino. And, monks, as Iong as lloso sovon non-docIino praclicos
romain among monks, and monks aro soon among lloso sovon non-docIino praclicos, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo
oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino.'' (D II 77,26)
(D II 79,8) ''... and (pi) monks, I viII loacl you anollor sovon non-docIino praclicos, Iislon lo llal, allond
carofuIIy, I viII spoak.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', lloso monks consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, (and) llo BIossod
Ono said llis: ''Monks, as Iong as monks dovoIop
2
llo avakoning faclor of mindfuInoss
3
, dovoIop llo avakoning
faclor of discriminalion of monlaI slalos (!|cmm), dovoIop llo avakoning faclor of onorgy, dovoIop llo avakoning
faclor of joy, dovoIop llo avakoning faclor of lranquiIIily, dovoIop llo avakoning faclor of conconlralion, (and)
dovoIop llo avakoning faclor of oquanimily, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino. And,
monks, as Iong as lloso sovon non-docIino praclicos romain among llo monks, and monks aro soon among lloso
sovon non-docIino praclicos, jusl grovll, monks, is lo bo oxpoclod for llo monks, nol docIino (D II 79,24) ...''
(D II 81,5) Tloro llo BIossod Ono, dvoIIing in Rjagala on llo VuIluro-poak mounlain, oflon
4
indood (ova),
mado llis Dlamma
5
laIk lo llo monks: ''Tlus is virluo, llus is conconlralion, llus is visdom, conconlralion
suppIiod vill virluo las groal fruil, groal bonofil, visdom suppIiod vill conconlralion las groal fruil, groal bonofil,
(and) llo mind suppIiod vill visdom is porfoclIy Iiboralod from llo oulfIovings (sctc|i), lo vil, from llo
oulfIoving of sonsuaIily, from llo oulfIoving of oxislonco, from llo oulfIoving of viovs, from llo oulfIoving of
ignoranco.'' (D II 81,12)

Passage 2
6
(D II 25,31-26,28 + 28,23-29,3O)

Going oul lo llo park-ground, monks, Irinco Vipass sav a Iargo group
7
of poopIo assombIod, and a Iillor of
muIli-coIourod cIolls boing mado
8
. Having soon lo addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Wly, doar clarioloor, las llal Iargo
group of poopIo assombIod, and (vly) is a Iillor of muIli-coIourod cIolls mado`'' ''Siro, lo
9
is caIIod doad.'' ''WoII
llon, doar clarioloor, drivo
1O
llo clariol lo llal doad ono
11
.'' Saying ''yos, Siro'', monks, llo clarioloor, laving
consonlod lo Irinco Vipass, drovo llal clariol lo llal doad ono. Monks, Irinco Vipass sav llo ono vlo lad passod
avay, llo doad ono. Having soon, lo addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Bul vly, doar clarioloor, is lo (cqcm) caIIod doad`''
''Siro, lo is caIIod doad (bocauso): mollor, fallor, or ollor roIalivos and bIood-roIalions viII nov nol soo
12
lim, and
(pi) lo viII nol soo
13
|248] mollor, fallor, or ollor roIalivos and bIood-roIalions.'' ''Bul
14
, doar clarioloor, am I aIso
subjocl lo doall, nol passod boyond doall, and (pi) llo King, llo Quoon, or ollor roIalivos and bIood-roIalions viII
nol soo mo, and I viII nol soo llo King, llo Quoon, or ollor roIalivos and bIood-roIalions`'' ''You,
15
Siro, and vo aII
aro subjocl lo doall, nol passod boyond doall. Tlo King, llo Quoon, or ollor roIalivos and bIood-roIalions viII nol
soo you (icm). And (pi) you viII nol soo llo King, llo Quoon, or ollor roIalivos and bIood-roIalions.'' ''WoII llon,
doar clarioloor, onougl nov loday of llo park-ground, from loro jusl rolurn lo llo paIaco.'' Saying ''yos, Siro'',
monks, llo clarioloor, laving consonlod lo Irinco Vipass, from lloro jusl rolurnod lo llo paIaco. Tloro, monks,
Irinco Vipass, gono lo llo paIaco, sad and dojoclod, vas consumod vill rogrol: ''TruIy, your lonour, Iol lloro bo
slamo on (llis lling) caIIod birll, in as mucl as for llo ono vlo las boon born oId ago viII bo discornod, iIInoss
viII bo discornod, doall viII bo discornod.'' (D II 26,28)
... (D II 28,23) Going lo llo park-ground, monks, Irinco Vipass sav a man vlo vas slavon-loadod, vlo lad
gono forll, (and) vlo vas voaring brovn (robos). Having soon, lo addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Bul, doar clarioloor,
vlal las boon dono lo llis man
16
` - lis load is nol as (llal) of ollors, aIso lis cIollos aro nol as (lloso) of ollors.''

1
Pcnc||cti|c, Iil. 'again oxislonco'. Adjoclivo lo icn|.
2
Iuluro oxprossing 'labil', soo Wardor p.55.
3
Sciiscm|cjj|cngcm = scii + scm|c!|i ('avakoning') + cngcm ('faclor').
4
8c|u|cm, adjoclivo lo |ci|cm, 'froquonl (dlamma) laIk'.
5
D|cmmim. D|cmmc lakos llo i-slom vlon acling as an adjoclivo quaIifying a fominino noun, loro |ci|.
6
Ior furllor grammalicaI nolos on vords and plrasos porlaining lo llis passago, rofor lo oxorciso 2O, passago 1 and oxorciso 23, passago 2.
7
Mc|jnc|qcm = mc| + jnc + |qcm ('group', Iil. 'body').
8
Kcqircmncm, passivo prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill mi|icm, 'Iillor'.
9
Or 'llis ono', csc.
1O
Nolo llo qcnc ... icnc conslruclion, loro vill llo vorb pcsc|i, and vill qcnc laking llo nominalivo.
11
K|c|cic, pasl parlicipIo funclioning as a noun, soo NCRI V 5.22. In llo provious sonlonco llo samo vord can bo conslruod oillor as a noun or
as an adjoclivo. A numbor of vords lavo llis duaI usago, soo Wardor p.62.
12
Dc|||inii, fuluro lonso aclivo.
13
Dc|||isscii, fuluro vill doubIo form, soo Wardor p.233.
14
Pcnc, laking |im simpIy lo moan llo sonlonco is inlorrogalivo.
15
1tc, Wardor's loxl las misprinlod ctc.
16
I.o., vlal lapponod lo llis man. Again, nolo llo passivo conslruclion vill llo palionl cqcm ... purisc, 'llis ... man', in llo nominalivo.
54
''Siro, lo is caIIod ono gono forll
1
.'' ''Bul vly, doar clarioloor, is lo caIIod ono gono forll`'' ''Siro, lo is caIIod
ono gono forll (bocauso) lo llinks
2
: 'good is conducl in accordanco vill Dlamma
3
, good is ovon conducl, good is
vloIosomo aclion, good is morilorious aclion, good is larmIossnoss, good is compassion for boings'.'' ''Good, doar
clarioloor, is lo vlo is caIIod ono gono forll, bocauso (|i), doar clarioloor, good is conducl in accordanco vill
Dlamma, good is ovon conducl, good is vloIosomo aclion, good is morilorious aclion, good is larmIossnoss, good
is compassion for boings. Nov, doar clarioloor, drivo llo carriago lo llo (sc) ono gono forll.'' Saying ''yos, Siro'',
monks, llo clarioloor, laving consonlod lo Irinco Vipass, drovo llo clariol lo llo ono gono forll. Tlon, monks,
Irinco Vipass said llis lo llo
4
ono gono forll: ''Bul vlal las boon dono lo you, doar` - your load is nol as (llal) of
ollors, aIso your cIollos aro nol as (lloso) of ollors.'' ''Siro, I am caIIod ono gono forll.'' ''Bul vly, doar, aro you
caIIod ono gono forll`'' ''Siro, I am caIIod ono gono forll (bocauso) I llink: 'good is conducl in accordanco vill
Dlamma, good is ovon conducl, good is vloIosomo aclion, good is morilorious aclion, good is larmIossnoss, good
is compassion for boings'.'' ''Good, doar, aro you vlo aro caIIod ono gono forll, bocauso, doar, good is conducl in
accordanco vill Dlamma, good is ovon conducl, good is vloIosomo aclion, good is morilorious aclion, good is
larmIossnoss, good is compassion for boings.'' Tlon, monks, Irinco Vipass addrossod llo clarioloor: ''Nov, doar
clarioloor, |249] laving lakon llo clariol, from loro jusl rolurn lo llo paIaco. Bul I, jusl loro laving slavon off lair
and board, laving donnod llo brovn robos, viII go forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss.'' Saying ''yos, Siro'', llo
clarioloor, laving consonlod lo Irinco Vipass, laving lakon llo clariol, from lloro jusl rolurnod lo llo paIaco. Bul
Irinco Vipass, jusl lloro laving slavon off lair and board, laving donnod llo brovn robos, vonl forll from lomo
lo lomoIossnoss.

Passage 3 (D III 255,7-27)

Horo, friond(s),
5
lloro is vork lo bo dono by a monk. Ho llinks llis: ''Work viII lavo lo bo dono
6
by mo, bul
vliIo I am doing llo vork,
7
llo body viII bocomo lirod, voII Iol mo Iio dovn
8
.'' Ho Iios dovn, lo doos nol arouso
onorgy for llo allainmonl of llo unallainod, for llo acquisilion of llo unacquirod, for llo roaIisalion of llo
unroaIisod. Tlis is llo firsl basis for Iazinoss. And again, friond, vork las boon dono by a monk. Ho llinks llis: ''I
did (somo) vork, bul vliIo I vas doing
9
llo vork llo body bocamo lirod, voII Iol mo Iio dovn.'' Ho Iios dovn, lo
doos nol arouso onorgy ... olc. ... Tlis is llo socond basis for Iazinoss. And again, friond, a road is lo bo lravoIIod
(gcnic||c) by a monk. Ho llinks llis: ''Tlo road viII lavo lo bo lravoIIod by mo, bul vliIo I am lravoIIing (aIong)
llo road, llo body viII bocomo lirod, voII Iol mo Iio dovn.'' Ho Iios dovn, lo doos nol arouso onorgy ... Tlis llo
llird basis for Iazinoss. And again, friond, a road las boon lravoIIod by a monk. Ho llinks llis: ''I lravoIIod (aIong)
llo road, bul vliIo I vas lravoIIing (aIong) llo road, llo body bocamo lirod, voII Iol mo Iio dovn.'' Ho Iios dovn,
lo doos nol arouso onorgy ... Tlis is llo fourll basis for Iazinoss.

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 27O,33 - 271,23)

Exercise 25

Passage 1 (D II 81,32 - 88,15)

Tlon llo BIossod Ono, vill a Iargo
1O
group (scng|c) of monks, approaclod NIand
11
. Tloro llo BIossod Ono
dvoIl al NIand in Ivrika's mango vood.
12
Tlon VonorabIo Sripulla approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving
approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido, VonorabIo Sripulla said

1
Pc||cjiic, again a pasl parlicipIo usod as a 'porsonifiod' noun, soo NCRI V 5.22.
2
Tlo ii al llo ond of llis sonlonco corlainIy marks llo ond of dirocl spoocl by llo clarioloor. Bul il may aIso mark llo ond of llo llinking of llo
'ono gono forll', I lako il as sucl and llus lransIalo 'lo llinks'.
3
D|cmmcccriq. Tlis vord can bo undorslood as an abIalivo lappurisa compound, Iil. 'conducl from dlamma', i.o. conducl vill Dlamma as ils
sourco, basod on Dlamma (abIalivo of causo). Tlo compound as a vloIo is fominino nominalivo singuIar.
4
1cm. To mako llo domonslralivo pronoun moro oxpIicil ono couId lransIalo '(said llis lo) llal gono-forll ono'.
5
tusc, can bo pIuraI or singuIar.
6
Kic||cm ||ctisscii, soo Wardor p.236.
7
Gonilivo absoIulo.
8
Nipcjjmi, imporalivo or prosonl lonso oxprossing immodialo fuluro, soo Wardor p.12.
9
Kcrcnicssc. Tlo aclion of llo prosonl parlicipIo is simuIlanoous vill llal of llo main vorb |i|cnic, 'bocamo lirod' (nolo llal |i|cnic is a pasl
parlicipIo). Il musl lloroforo rofor lo llo pasl, llus 'was doing'. Soo NCRI VIII,3 and X,1.
1O
Mc|ci, inslrumonlaI singuIar of llo cni-slom, soo Wardor p.153.
11
Ycnc ... ic!, paraIIoI lo qcnc ... icnc conslruclion, vill qcnc laking llo nominalivo (Nc|cn! boing fominino). 1c! is usod advorbiaIIy Iiko icnc.
12
Ior llo noxl llroo paragrapls, aIso soo Blikklu Bodli's lransIalion in CDB pp.164O-1641.
55
llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, I lavo sucl confidonco
1
in llo BIossod Ono: 'lloro vas nol, and lloro viII
nol bo, and lloro oxisls nol nov anollor ascolic or bralmin moro Ioarnod
2
llan llo BIossod Ono
3
, llal is,
4
vill
roforonco lo avakoning
5
'.''
''Miglly, Sripulla, is llis boId
6
spoocl spokon by you, a dofinilivo calogoricaI Iion's roar
7
las boon roarod
(by you): 'VonorabIo Sir, I lavo sucl confidonco in llo BIossod Ono: ''lloro vas nol, and lloro viII nol bo, and lloro
oxisls nol nov anollor ascolic or bralmin moro Ioarnod llan llo BIossod Ono, llal is, vill roforonco lo
avakoning''.' Sripulla, lloso vlo voro aralanls, fuIIy avakonod Buddlas in llo pasl
8
, aro aII lloso BIossod Onos
knovn
9
by you
1O
, laving oncompassod mind vill mind
11
:
12
'Tloso BIossod Onos lad
13
sucl virluo, sucl quaIilios,
14

sucl visdom, sucl dvoIIing,
15
and (iii pi) lloso BIossod Onos voro llus-frood`' '' ''No,
16
VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Sripulla,
lloso vlo viII bo aralanls, fuIIy avakonod Buddlas in llo fuluro, aro aII lloso BIossod Onos knovn by you,
laving oncompassod mind vill mind: 'Tloso BIossod Onos viII lavo sucl virluo, sucl quaIilios, sucl visdom,
sucl dvoIIing, and lloso BIossod Onos viII bo llus-frood`' '' ''No, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Sripulla, llo aralanl, llo fuIIy
avakonod Buddla al prosonl, am I knovn by you
17
, laving oncompassod mind vill mind: 'Tlo BIossod Ono las
sucl virluo, sucl quaIilios,
18
sucl visdom, sucl dvoIIing, and (iii pi) llo BIossod Ono is llus-frood`' '' ''No,
VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Ior jusl loro, Sripulla, you don'l lavo
19
knovIodgo from oncompassing vill llo mind
2O
aboul
pasl, fuluro, and prosonl aralanls, fuIIy avakonod Buddlas
21
. Wly llon (ci|c |i ccrc|i), Sripulla, las llis miglly,
boId spoocl boon spokon by you, (vly lavo you) roarod a dofinilivo, calogoricaI Iion's roar: 'VonorabIo Sir, I lavo
sucl confidonco in llo BIossod Ono: ''lloro vas nol, and lloro viII nol bo, and lloro oxisls nol nov anollor ascolic
or bralmin moro Ioarnod llan llo BIossod Ono, llal is, vill roforonco lo avakoning'' '`''
|262] ''VonorabIo Sir, I do nol lavo
22
knovIodgo from oncompassing vill llo mind aboul pasl, fuluro, and
prosonl aralanls, fuIIy avakonod Buddlas. NovorlloIoss, inforonco according lo Dlamma
23
is knovn by mo
24
. }usl
Iiko, VonorabIo Sir, a king's bordor cily vlicl las a slrong foundalion, a slrong cily vaII and galovay,
25
and (jusl)
ono galo
26
, (and) lloro, lloro vouId bo a galokoopor, vlo is viso, discorning, (and) inloIIigonl, vlo is a lindoror
27
of
slrangors, and a slovor-in of frionds. Ho, vaIking aII around (scmcni) llo circIing pall of llal cily, vouId nol soo a
broacl in llo cily vaII or a loIo in llo cily vaII vlicl ovon las llo moasuro for llo oscaping of a cal
28
. Ho migll
llink llis: 'Wlalovor gross animaIs onlor or Ioavo llis cily, lloy aII onlor or Ioavo jusl (tc) llrougl llis galo.' }usl so,
VonorabIo Sir, inforonco according lo Dlamma is knovn by mo. Tloso, VonorabIo Sir, vlo voro aralanls, fuIIy
avakonod Buddlas in llo pasl, aII lloso BIossod Onos, laving abandonod llo fivo lindrancos vlicl aro
imporfoclions (upc||i|csc) of llo mind, vlicl aro offocling voaknoss in visdom,
29
lad minds vlicl voro voII-
oslabIislod
3O
in llo four oslabIislmonls of mindfuInoss
1
, (and) laving lruIy
2
dovoIopod llo sovon faclors of

1
|tcmpcscnnc, balubbli compound funclioning as an adjoclivo or noun quaIifying c|cm, 'I'.
2
8|iqqc c||icicrc, boll ||iqqc and llo comparalivo suffix -icrc moan 'moro'. 'Moro Ioarnod', llal is, in a spiriluaI sonso.
3
8|cgctci, abIalivo usod for comparison.
4
Yc! i!cm, Iil. 'llis vlicl'.
5
Scm|c!|iqcm, Iocalivo of roforonco.
6
sc||, Iil.'buII-Iiko'.
7
||cmsc gc|iic s|c-n!c. Soo CDB p.1641,6 and p.1923, nolo 152.
8
Aiicm c!!|ncm, Iil 'pasl limo'.
9
AIso nolo llal ti!ii, 'knovn', is pIuraI agrooing vill ic ||cgctcnic, 'lloso BIossod Onos'.
1O
'By you', icq, is impIiod according lo llo Commonlary.
11
I.o., oncompassing lloir mind vill your mind.
12
I do nol lransIalo |im as I lako il simpIy lo bo an inlorrogalivo parlicIo llal makos llo sonlonco inlo a quoslion.
13
A|csum. Again, in somo inslancos vloro llo IaIi las llo vorb 'lo bo', LngIisl usos llo vorb 'lo lavo'.
14
|tcm-!|cmm. Tlis may rofor lo scm!|i and/or llo slagos of avakoning.
15
|tcm-ti|r. Again llis may rofor lo various allainmonls of scm!|i.
16
Nc |'cicm, Iil. 'dofiniloIy nol llis'.
17
1c. Tlis sonlonco doos nol oxaclIy paraIIoI llo onos abovo and ic las a difforonl moaning loro.
18
|tcm-!|cmmc. Tlis compound is singuIar bocauso il quaIifios a singuIar vord, ||cgct, bul llo moaning may sliII bo pIuraI (doponding on
conloxl).
19
1c ... n'cii|i. 1c is gonilivo.
2O
Ccicpcriqcncm. Tlis compound can bo doconslruclod in sovoraI vays.
21
Iocalivo of roforonco.
22
Nc ||c mc ... cii|i. Mc is gonilivo.
23
D|cmmcntcqc, abIalivo lappurisa compound, Iil. 'inforonco from Dlamma'.
24
Mc, doos nol occur in llo loxl al llis poinl bul las boon addod by mo bocauso llo samo passago occurs boIov and in llo Sampasdanya-
Sulla (D28) vill a roading llal incIudos mc, 'by mo'. Tlis sooms proforabIo.
25
Dc||cp|rcicrcncm = !c||c ('slrong') + p|rc ('cily vaII') + icrcncm ('galovay'), a dvanda compound (p|rcicrcncm) villin a
kammadlraya (!c||c boing an adjoclivo), llo vloIo boing a balubbli compound quaIifying ncgcrcm.
26
Tlroo balubbli compounds quaIifying ncgcrcm.
27
Nitrci, agonl noun (soo Wardor pp.2O9-212), nominalivo singuIar agrooing vill !ctri|c.
28
8i|rcnissc||cncmciicm = |i|rc ('cal') + nissc||cnc ('oscaping') + mciicm ('moasuro'/'sizo'), doubIo lappurisa slrucluro. Il is a balubbli
compound quaIifying p|rcscn!|im and p|rctitcrcm. Soo Wardor pp.6O-61 for lov an adjoclivo may quaIify moro llan ono noun.
29
Du||c||crcnc = !u(r) ('bad') + |c| ('slrongll') + |crcnc ('making'/'offocling').
3O
Supciiii|iicciii. Il is a balubbli compound vill kammadlraya slrucluro, quaIifying ||cgctcnic.
56
avakoning, voro fuIIy avakonod lo llo unsurpassod fuII avakoning. AIso lloso, VonorabIo Sir, vlo viII bo llo
fuluro ... (lloy) viII avakon (lo llo unsurpassod fuII avakoning). AIso llo BIossod Ono, VonorabIo Sir, nov ... las
avakonod.'' (D II 83,32) ...
(D II 83,8) Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving dvoIl as-dosirod
3
in NIand, addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Iol's
go,
4
nanda, vo viII approacl IlaIigma.'' Saying ''yos VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo
BIossod Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, vill a Iargo group of monks, approaclod IlaIigma. Tlo Iay-discipIos of
IlaIigma
5
loard: ''Indood, llo BIossod Ono las arrivod al IlaIigma.'' Tlon llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma
approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, lloy sal dovn lo ono
sido. Soalod lo ono sido llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, Iol llo BIossod
Ono consonl lo our rosl-louso''. Tlo BIossod Ono consonlod llrougl llo slalo (||tc) of siIonco. Tlon llo Iay-
discipIos of IlaIigma, laving undorslood llo consonl of llo BIossod Ono, laving arison from llo soal, laving
bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving dono rovoronco,
6
approaclod llo rosl-louso, (and) laving approaclod, laving
sproad llo rosl-louso compIoloIy vill sproads
7
, laving proparod soals, laving sol oul a valor-jar, laving sol up an
oiI-Iamp, (lloy) approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, (lloy)
slood lo ono sido. Slanding
8
lo ono sido llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir,
llo rosl-louso is sproad compIoloIy vill sproads, |263] llo soals aro proparod, a valor-jar las boon sol oul, an oiI-
Iamp las boon sol up, VonorabIo Sir, llo BIossod Ono may como al lis ovn convonionco.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving drossod, laving lakon bovI and robo, vill a group of monks, approaclod llo
rosl-louso, (and) laving approaclod, laving vaslod llo fool, laving onlorod llo rosl-louso, Ioaning on (nissqc)
llo middIo piIIar, (lo) sal dovn facing llo oasl.
9
AIso llo group of monks, laving vaslod llo fool, laving onlorod
llo rosl-louso, Ioaning on llo voslorn vaII, sal dovn facing llo oasl, jusl facing
1O
llo BIossod Ono. AIso llo Iay-
discipIos of IlaIigma, laving vaslod llo fool, laving onlorod llo rosl-louso, Ioaning on llo oaslorn vaII, sal
dovn facing llo vosl, jusl facing llo BIossod Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma:
''HousoloIdors, lloro aro lloso fivo disadvanlagos for llo immoraI
11
, for llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in virluo
12
. Wlicl
fivo` Horo, lousoloIdors, llo immoraI, llo ono vlo las faiIod in virluo
13
, in consoquonco of nogIigonco
14
incurs a
groal Ioss of proporly. Tlis is llo firsl disadvanlago for llo immoraI, for llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in virluo. And
furllormoro (punc cc pcrcm), lousoloIdors, for llo immoraI, for llo ono vlo las faiIod in virluo, a bad famo-roporl
15

is dissominalod
16
. Tlis is llo socond disadvanlago for llo immoraI, for llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in virluo. And
furllormoro, lousoloIdors, llo immoraI, llo ono vlo las faiIod in virluo, jusl vlalovor assombIy lo approaclos,
vlollor an assombIy of nobIo varriors, vlollor an assombIy of bralmins, vlollor an assombIy of lousoloIdors,
vlollor an assombIy of ascolics, lo approaclos (il) diffidonl (and) slamofacod
17
. Tlis is llo llird disadvanlago for
llo immoraI, for llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in virluo. And furllormoro, lousoloIdors, llo immoraI, llo ono vlo las
faiIod in virluo, dios boviIdorod
18
. Tlis is llo fourll disadvanlago for llo immoraI, for llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in
virluo. And furllormoro, lousoloIdors, llo immoraI, llo ono vlo las faiIod in virluo, from llo broaking up of llo
body,
19
aflor doall,
2O
is roborn in misory, in a bad doslinalion, in ruin, in loII. Tlis is llo fifll disadvanlago for llo
immoraI, for llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in virluo. HousoloIdors, lloso aro llo fivo disadvanlagos for llo immoraI, for
llo ono vlo is a faiIuro in virluo.

1
Sciipcii|nc. In llo sullas scii oflon occurs logollor vill upcii|nc, rallor llan pcii|nc, and llus I undorsland il loro.
2
Yci|||icm. Horo an advorb lo ||tcit.
3
I.o., laving dvoIl lloro as Iong as lo dosirod, qci|||ircnicm = yci| + c||ircnicm, c||ircnicm boing a pasl parlicipIo accusalivo of c||ircmcii. Il
is an avyayblva compound (soo Wardor pp.255-256), an advorb lo ti|criit.
4
qcm, firsl porson pIuraI imporalivo.
5
Pic|igmiq is a socondary noun dorivod from Pic|igmc moaning 'inlabilanl of IlaIigma', soo Wardor p.254.
6
Pc!c|||incm, Iil. 'rigll'. Bocauso kooping somoono on llo rigll is considorod rospoclfuI, il aIso moans lo 'rovoro'.
7
Iil. 'fuIIy-sproad rosl-louso'.
8
{|ii, pasl parlicipIo bul difficuIl lo lransIalo as sucl (maybo 'slalionod (on ono sido)'), llus 'slanding'.
9
Nissqc ... nis!i migll aIso bo rogardod as a poriplraslic conslruclion, i.o. 'lo sal dovn Ioaning ...', soo Wardor p.239.
1O
Purc|||cit = purc ('in fronl') + (|)||cit ('laving mado'). K|cit is a compound form of |cit.
11
Duss|cssc, dalivo of disadvanlago.
12
S|ctipciiiq, Iil. 'for llo virluo faiIuro', porsonaIisod uso.
13
S|ctipcnnc. Tlo pasl parlicipIos can in somo conloxls bo lransIalod as 'llo ono vlo las (dono llo aclion of llo pasl parlicipIo)', again soo
NCRI V 5.2. Comparo vill s|ctipciiiq abovo.
14
Pcm!!|i|crcncm = pcm!c + c!|i|crcncm ('in consoquonco of'), c!|i|crcncm is an indocIinabIo according lo DI.
15
Ppc|c |iiiisc!!c, Iil. 'a bad sound of famo', i.o. disropulo.
16
A|||ugccc|cii. Tlo vorb is acluaIIy nol passivo, so a moro IiloraI lransIalion migll bo 'sproads aboul'.
17
Atisrc!c and mcn|u||ic, adjoclivos quaIifying !uss|c.
18
Scmm||c, sooms Iiko an advorb vlon lransIalod bul il is in facl an adjoclivo lo !uss|c.
19
Kqcssc ||c!. 8|c! is abIalivo doscribing llo slarling poinl from vlicl somolling lappons, soo Wardor pp.88-89.
2O
Pcrcm mcrcn, pcrcm lakos llo abIalivo, llus mcrcn.
57
HousoloIdors, lloro aro lloso fivo bonofils for llo virluous
1
, for llo ono vlo las succoss in virluo. Wlicl
fivo` Horo, lousoloIdors, llo virluous, llo ono ondovod vill virluo, in consoquonco of diIigonco acquiros a groal
mass of proporly
2
. Tlis is llo firsl bonofil for llo virluous, for llo ono vlo las succoss in virluo. And furllormoro,
lousoloIdors, for llo virluous, for llo ono ondovod vill virluo, a good famo-roporl
3
is dissominalod. Tlis is llo
socond bonofil for llo virluous, for llo ono vlo las succoss in virluo. And furllormoro, lousoloIdors, llo virluous,
llo ono ondovod vill virluo, jusl vlalovor assombIy lo approaclos, vlollor an assombIy of nobIo varriors,
vlollor an assombIy of bralmins, vlollor an assombIy of lousoloIdors, vlollor an assombIy of ascolics, |264] lo
approaclos (il) confidonl, villoul slamo. Tlis is llo llird bonofil for llo virluous, for llo ono vlo las succoss in
virluo. And furllormoro, lousoloIdors, llo virluous, llo ono ondovod vill virluo, dios unboviIdorod. Tlis is llo
fourll bonofil for llo virluous, for llo ono vlo las succoss in virluo. And furllormoro, lousoloIdors, llo virluous,
llo ono ondovod vill virluo, from llo broaking up of llo body, aflor doall, is roborn in a good doslinalion, in a
loavon vorId. Tlis is llo fifll bonofil for llo virluous, for llo ono vlo las succoss in virluo. Tloso
4
, lousoloIdors,
aro llo fivo bonofils for llo virluous, for llo ono vlo las succoss in virluo.'' Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving
inslruclod, laving inspirod, laving oxlorlod, and laving doIigllod llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma for mucl (of) llo
nigll
5
vill Dlamma laIk, dismissod (llom): ''HousoloIdors, llo nigll is advancod
6
, you may go al your ovn
convonionco.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma, laving consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono,
laving arison from llo soal, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving dono rovoronco, Iofl. Tlon llo BIossod Ono,
vlon llo Iay-discipIos of IlaIigma lad jusl Iofl,
7
onlorod an omply louso
8
.
Nov al llal limo Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla, voro buiIding a forlifiod cily
9
al
IlaIigma for llo ropoIIing
1O
of llo Vajjans. Al llal limo, many doilios, ovon a llousand, voro occupying silos
(tcii|ni) in IlaIigma. In vlicl pIaco povorfuI (mc|csc|||) doilios occupiod silos, lloro llo minds of povorfuI
kings
11
(and) cliof minislors of kings
12
incIinod lo buiId lousos. In vlicl pIaco middIing doilios voro occupying
silos, lloro llo minds of middIing kings (and) cliof minislors of kings incIinod lo buiId lousos. In vlicl pIaco Iovor
doilios voro occupying silos, lloro llo minds of Iovor kings (and) cliof minislors of kings incIinod lo buiId lousos.
Tlo BIossod Ono sav, vill llo divino, purifiod, supor-luman
13
oyo, lloso doilios, ovon a llousand,
occupying silos in IlaIigma. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving arison
14
al nigll al llo limo of davn, addrossod
VonorabIo nanda: ''Wlo, nanda, is buiIding a forlifiod cily in IlaIigma`'' ''VonorabIo Sir, Sundla and
Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla aro buiIding a forlifiod cily in IlaIigma for llo ropoIIing of llo
Vajjans.''
''As if (scqqci| pi), nanda, laving lakon counciI vill llo gods of llo llirly-llroo, jusl so, nanda, Sundla
and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla, aro buiIding a forlifiod cily in IlaIigma for llo ropoIIing of llo
Vajjans. Horo, nanda, I sav, vill llo divino, purifiod, supor-luman oyo, many doilios, ovon a llousand,
occupying
15
silos in IlaIigma ... lo buiId lousos. As far as, |265] nanda, llo nobIo sploro,
16
as far as llo pall of
commorco, llis IlaIipulla viII bo llo packago-oponing cliof (cggc) cily
17
. nanda, lloro viII bo llroo obslacIos for
IlaIipulla
18
, from firo, from valor, or
19
from division by llo onomy.''
Tlon Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla, approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving
approaclod, oxclangod groolings vill llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving ongagod in
2O
pIoasanl (and) agrooabIo laIk,

1
S|ctcic, dalivo of advanlago soo Wardor p.69. According lo Wardor s|ctcni is an adjoclivo, soo p.26O, bul loro il is usod as a noun moaning
'llo ono vlo is virluous' or simpIy 'llo virluous'.
2
I.o., boIongings.
3
I.o., a good ropulalion.
4
|mc, can bo undorslood oillor lo rofor back lo llo provious loxl, i.o. llo oxpIanalion of llo fivo bonofils, or il can bo undorslood as a pronoun
roforring lo niscms, i.o. 'lloso (fivo) bonofils'.
5
8c|u! ctc rciiim. 8c|u! is loro a junclion form of |c|um and llus an adjoclivo quaIifying rciiim, 'nigll'.
6
A||i||cni, pasl parlicipIo agrooing vill rciii.
7
Iocalivo absoIulo.
8
Sugrcm, kammadlraya compound vill suc quaIifying cgrcm.
9
Ncgcrcm, soo ILD.
1O
Pcii||qc, dalivo of purposo soo Wardor p.67.
11
Rccm, gonilivo pIuraI of rj.
12
Il sooms llal an 'and' las lo bo undorslood bolvoon rccm and rjcmc|mciincm. Tlis is supporlod by llo Com. Mc|csc|||ncm sooms lo
quaIify boll rccm and rjcmc|mciincm (soo foIIoving loxl).
13
Aii||cnicmnusc|cnc = cii||cnic ('surpassing', llus 'supor-') + mnusc|c ('luman'). Mnusc|c is an adjoclivaI form of mcnussc, llo vloIo
compound boing a balubbli quaIifying cc|||un, 'oyo', soo aIso DI.
14
Pcccuii|qc, gorund.
15
Pcriggcn|cniiqc, prosonl parlicipIo fominino nominalivo pIuraI, agrooing vill !ctciqc.
16
Ariqcm qcicncm. According lo llo Commonlary llis sooms lo rofor lo llo oxlonl, goograplicaIIy, in vlicl lloro aro 'nobIo onos', i.o. lloso
vlo lavo allainod llo slagos of avakoning.
17
Tlis sooms lo impIy il viII bo a Iargo commorciaI conlro.
18
Dalivo of disadvanlago.
19
V. In llis caso 'and' vouId acluaIIy soom a bollor lransIalion.
2O
Viisrcit, Iil. 'laving convorsod'.
58
(lloy) slood lo ono sido. Slanding (i|ii) lo ono sido, Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla, said
llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Iol llo HonourabIo Golama consonl lo a moaI by us for loday vill llo group of monks.''
Tlo BIossod Ono consonlod llrougl llo slalo of siIonco.
Tlon Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla, laving undorslood llo consonl of llo BIossod
Ono, approaclod lloir ovn dvoIIing, (and) laving approaclod, laving causod fino non-slapIo food (||!cniqcm)
and slapIo food (||cjcniqcm) lo bo proparod in lloir ovn dvoIIing, (lloy) causod llo limo lo bo announcod lo llo
BIossod Ono: ''HonourabIo Golama, il is limo, llo moaI is roady.''

Passage 2 (D II 3O,19 - 35,13)

Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva, aflor somo limo, dvoIl aIono, villdravn from llo group (gcncsm).
Tloso oiglly-four llousand ascolics (pc||cjiic) vonl by ono roulo
1
, (and) Vipass llo Bodlisallva by anollor. Tlon,
monks, vliIo Vipass llo Bodlisallva, vlo lad lakon up camp, vas aIono (and) socIudod,
2
lo llougll llis: ''AIas,
llis
3
vorId
4
las gol inlo difficuIly, il is born, il agos, il dios, il faIIs avay, and il roarisos. Bul il doos nol knov llo
Iiboralion from llis sufforing
5
, from oId ago and doall, vlon indood viII llo Iiboralion from llis sufforing bo
discornod, from oId ago and doall`''
Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls
6
is lloro
7
oId ago and doall, from
vlal condilion
8
is lloro oId ago and doall`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo
Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon birll oxisls, lloro is oId ago and doall, from llo
condilion of birll
9
lloro is oId ago and doall.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal
oxisls is lloro birll, from vlal condilion is lloro birll`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass
llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon oxislonco oxisls, lloro is birll, from llo condilion of
oxislonco lloro is birll.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal |266] oxisls is lloro
oxislonco, from vlal condilion is lloro oxislonco`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo
Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon cIinging oxisls, lloro is oxislonco, from llo condilion of
cIinging lloro is oxislonco.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is lloro cIinging,
from vlal condilion is lloro cIinging`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva
lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon craving oxisls, lloro is cIinging, from llo condilion of craving lloro is
cIinging.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is lloro craving, from vlal
condilion is lloro craving`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a
broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon fooIing oxisls, lloro is craving, from llo condilion of fooIing lloro is craving.''
Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is lloro fooIing, from vlal condilion is lloro
fooIing`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by
visdom: ''Wlon conlacl oxisls, lloro is fooIing, from llo condilion of conlacl lloro is fooIing.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass
llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is lloro conlacl, from vlal condilion is lloro conlacl`'' Tlon,
monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon llo
sixfoId sonso baso oxisls, lloro is conlacl, from llo condilion of llo sixfoId sonso baso lloro is conlacl.'' Tlon, monks,
Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is lloro llo sixfoId sonso baso, from vlal condilion is lloro
llo sixfoId sonso baso`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a
broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon namo-and-form oxisls, lloro is llo sixfoId sonso baso, from llo condilion of namo-
and-form lloro is llo sixfoId sonso baso.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is
lloro namo-and-form, from vlal condilion is lloro namo-and-form`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI
allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon consciousnoss oxisls, lloro is
namo-and-form, from llo condilion of consciousnoss lloro is namo-and-form.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo
Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal oxisls is lloro consciousnoss, from vlal condilion is lloro consciousnoss`''
Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom:
''Wlon namo-and-form oxisls, lloro is consciousnoss, from llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is consciousnoss.''
Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Tlis consciousnoss lurns back again from namo-and-
form, il goos no furllor
1O
. To llis oxlonl il vouId bo born, il vouId ago, il vouId dio, il vouId faII avay, or il vouId

1
Acnc, Iil. 'by anollor'. Tlo IaIi usos llo conslruclion ccnc ... ccnc vlicl is nol diroclIy ropIicabIo on lransIalion. Tlus I lransIalo 'by ono
roulo ... by anollor'.
2
IrobabIy a gonilivo absoIulo.
3
Vciqcm = tcic + cqcm.
4
Ic|c, loro sooms lo rofor lo (llo vorId of) boings.
5
Du|||cssc, gonilivo bul cannol bo lransIalod as sucl inlo LngIisl.
6
Iocalivo absoIulo, Iil. 'vlon vlal is oxisling'.
7
Nu ... |cii, 'il is' in quoslion form, llus 'is lloro'.
8
Kimpccccq, a kammadlraya compound.
9
jiipccccq, probabIy a kammadlraya compound, 'llo condilion vlicl is birll', 'llo birll-condilion'.
1O
Npcrcm = nc + cpcrcm.
59
roariso
1
, lo vil, from llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is consciousnoss, |267] from llo condilion of
consciousnoss lloro is namo-and-form, from llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is llo sixfoId sonso baso, from
llo condilion of llo sixfoId sonso baso lloro is conlacl, from llo condilion of conlacl lloro is fooIing, from llo
condilion of fooIing lloro is craving, from llo condilion of craving lloro is cIinging, from llo condilion of cIinging
lloro is oxislonco, from llo condilion of oxislonco lloro is birll, from llo condilion of birll, oId ago and doall
2
(and)
sorrov, Iamonlalion, pain, griof, and dospair aro producod, llus lloro is llo originalion of llis vloIo (|ctc|cssc)
mass of sufforing. Iorcoiving (ii) ''originalion, originalion
3
'', monks, for Vipass llo Bodlisallva, vill roforonco lo
proviousIy unloard llings (!|cmmcsu), llo oyo
4
aroso, knovIodgo aroso, visdom aroso, undorslanding aroso, Iigll
aroso.
Tlon, monks, Vipass llo Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal doos nol oxisl, is lloro no oId ago and
doall, from llo cossalion of vlal is lloro llo cossalion of oId ago and doall`'' Tlon, monks, duo lo llo mollodicaI
allonlion of Vipass llo Bodlisallva lloro vas a broakllrougl by visdom: ''Wlon birll doos nol oxisl, lloro is no
oId ago and doall, from llo cossalion of birll lloro is llo cossalion of oId ago and doall.'' Tlon, monks, Vipass llo
Bodlisallva llougll llis: ''Wlon vlal doos nol oxisl, is lloro no birll (D II 33,16) ... (D II 35,1) from llo cossalion of
namo-and-form lloro is llo cossalion of consciousnoss, from llo cossalion of consciousnoss lloro is llo cossalion of
namo-and-form, from llo cossalion of namo-and-form lloro is llo cossalion of llo sixfoId sonso baso, from llo
cossalion of llo sixfoId sonso baso lloro is llo cossalion of conlacl, from llo cossalion of conlacl lloro is llo
cossalion of fooIing, from llo cossalion of fooIing lloro is llo cossalion of craving, from llo cossalion of craving lloro
is llo cossalion of cIinging, from llo cossalion of cIinging lloro is llo cossalion of oxislonco, from llo cossalion of
oxislonco lloro is llo cossalion of birll, from llo cossalion of birll, oId ago and doall (and) sorrov, Iamonlalion,
pain, griof, and dospair coaso, llus is llo cossalion of llis vloIo mass of sufforing. Iorcoiving ''cossalion, cossalion'',
monks, for Vipass llo Bodlisallva, vill roforonco lo proviousIy unloard llings, llo oyo aroso, knovIodgo aroso,
visdom aroso, undorslanding aroso, Iigll aroso. (D II 36,13)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 276,22 - 277,16)

Exercise 26

Passage 1 (D II 88,16-91,5 + 95,15-1O1,4)

(D II 88,16) Tlon llo BIossod Ono, al llo limo of morning, laving drossod, laving lakon bovI and robo,
logollor vill a group of monks, approaclod llo dvoIIing of Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of
Magadla, (and) laving approaclod, lo sal dovn on a proparod soal. Tlon Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof
minislors of Magadla, vill (lloir) ovn land
5
salisfiod (and) sorvod llo group of monks loadod by llo Buddla
vill doIicious non-slapIo and slapIo food. Tlon Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla - vlon llo
BIossod Ono lad oalon
6
(and) romovod llo land from llo bovI
7
- laving lakon a corlain Iov soal, sal dovn lo ono
sido. Tlo BIossod Ono oxprossod approcialion (cnumc!i) lo Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla,
vlo voro soalod lo ono sido, vill lloso vorsos:

''In vlicl pIaco llo viso-nalurod arrangos a dvoIIing pIaco,
Horo, laving causod llo virluous, roslrainod, Iivors of llo HoIy Iifo lo oal,
8


|280] Wlalovor (q) gods migll bo lloro, lo llom lo slouId dodicalo llo offoring,
Honourod, lloy lonour lim (ncm), rovorod, lloy rovoro.

Bocauso of llal
9
lloy lavo compassion (cnu|cmpcnii) for lim as a mollor for lor ovn (crcscm) son,
A man vlo is lroalod vill compassion by llo gods
1
aIvays soos good Iuck
2
.

1
Tlo procoding fivo vorbs aro of llo middIo conjugalion, oplalivo lonso, soo Wardor p.315. IrosumabIy lloy rofor lo llo vorId, i.o. llo vorId of
boings, soo nolo abovo.
2
jrcmcrcncm appoars lo bo an agonl of scm||ctcnii. Soo noxl paragrapl vloro llo paraIIoI conslruclion vill nirujj|cnii is moro cIoar-cul.
3
IrobabIy ropolilion for omplasis.
4
I.o., a molaploricaI oyo of visdom.
5
Sc|cii|, llis appoars lo bo abIalivo bul apparonlIy is inslrumonlaI, soo Com and SCIN paras. 6 and 66a. Nolo llo singuIar, vlicl on
lransIalion sounds a bil pocuIiar.
6
8|uiitin, pasl parlicipIo aclivo, soo Wardor pp.274-275.
7
Tlis plraso is oxpIainod by K.R. Norman as an 'accusalivo absoIulo', soo CDB, p.1418, nolo 135. Ior cnicpciicpnim soo Wardor p.155.
8
I.o., laving givon llom food.
9
1cic, abIalivo of causo.
60

Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving oxprossod approcialion lo Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of
Magadla, vill lloso vorsos, laving arison from llo soal, Iofl.
Al llal limo Sundla and Vassakra, llo cliof minislors of Magadla, voro foIIoving
3
cIosoIy bolind
4
llo
BIossod Ono, llinking: ''By vlicl galo llo ascolic Golama loday viII Ioavo, llal viII bo caIIod llo Golama-galo (and)
by vlicl ford lo viII cross llo rivor Gangos, llal viII bo llo Golama-ford.'' Tlon by vlicl galo llo BIossod Ono
Iofl, llal vas caIIod llo Golama-galo.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono approaclod llo rivor Gangos. Bul al llal limo llo rivor Gangos vas fuII, brimfuI,
5

drinkabIo by a crov. Somo
6
poopIo soarclod for a boal, somo soarclod for a canoo, somo bound a rafl dosiring lo go
from llo noar sloro lo llo furllor sloro
7
. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, jusl as a slrong man migll slrolcl oul (lis) bonl
arm or migll bond (lis) oul-slrolclod arm, jusl so (lo) disappoarod on llo noar sloro of llo rivor Gangos (and)
roappoarod
8
on llo furllor sloro logollor vill llo group of monks. Tlo BIossod Ono sav lloso poopIo, somo
soarcling for a boal, somo soarcling for a canoo, somo binding a rafl, dosiring lo go from llo noar sloro lo llo
furllor sloro. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving undorslood llis mallor (cii|cm), on llal occasion ullorod llis inspirod
ulloranco:

''Wloovor (qc) cross llo fIood, llo Iako
9
, laving mado a bridgo, golling ovor llo pooIs,
Indood llo (ordinary) poopIo bind a rafl, (bul) llo viso poopIo lavo crossod ovor.''

Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Iol us go, nanda, Iol us approacl Koligma.''
Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill
a Iargo group of monks, approaclod Koligma. Tloro llo BIossod Ono dvoIl in Koligma. Tloro llo BIossod Ono
addrossod llo monks: ''Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-ponolralion of llo four nobIo lrulls,
llus llis Iong |281] limo las boon lransmigralod, las boon lrans-circuIalod by mo and by you
1O
. Of vlicl four`
Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-ponolralion of llo nobIo lrull of sufforing
11
, llus llis Iong
limo las boon lransmigralod, las boon lrans-circuIalod by mo and by you. Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo,
duo lo llo non-ponolralion of llo nobIo lrull of llo origin of sufforing
12
, llus llis Iong limo las boon lransmigralod,
las boon lrans-circuIalod by mo and by you. Monks (duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-ponolralion of)
llo nobIo lrull of llo cossalion of sufforing ... olc. ... duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, non-ponolralion of llo nobIo
lrull of llo pall Ioading lo llo cossalion of sufforing, llus llis Iong limo las boon lransmigralod, las boon lrans-
circuIalod by mo and by you. Will roforonco lo llis (icqi!cm), monks, llo nobIo lrull of sufforing las boon
avakonod lo, las boon ponolralod, llo nobIo lrull of llo origin of sufforing las boon avakonod lo, las boon
ponolralod, llo nobIo lrull of llo cossalion of sufforing las boon avakonod lo, las boon ponolralod, llo nobIo lrull
of llo pall Ioading lo llo cossalion of sufforing las boon avakonod lo, las boon ponolralod, craving for oxislonco
las boon anniliIalod, llo conduil (nciii) lo oxislonco las boon oxauslod, nov lloro is no again-oxislonco.'' Tlo
BIossod Ono said llis, (and) llo WoII-gono laving said llis
13
, llo Toaclor llon furllor (ci|pcrcm) said llis:

''Duo lo llo non-sooing according lo roaIily (qci|||icm) of llo four nobIo lrulls,
A Iong limo las boon lransmigralod in lloso and lloso
14
birlls.

Tloso lloso aro soon,
15
aboIislod is llo conduil lo oxislonco,
Tlo rool of sufforing las boon anniliIalod, nov lloro is no again-oxislonco.'' (D II 91,5)




1
Dctnu|cmpiic is a balubbli compound quaIifying pcsc. Bocauso compassion is nol a vorb in LngIisl, I add llo vorb 'lroalod', soo DI.
2
I.o., oblains good Iuck, soo ILD. Nolo llo uso of llo pIuraI in llo IaIi.
3
Anu|c!!| |cnii, lisloricaI prosonl conlinuous aclion, soo Wardor p.235 for llis lypo of conslruclion.
4
Piii|iic piii|iic, ropolilion for omplasis.
5
Scmciiii|i|, soo ILD.
6
App' c|cccc. App doos nol soom lo add mucl lo llo moaning vlon usod in llis conloxl.
7
Apcrpcrcm is an incorrocl roading according lo DI. Tlo corrocl roading il sooms is cpr prcm, Iil. 'from llo non-furllor lo llo furllor'.
8
Pcccuii|si, soo ILD.
9
I.o., llo rivor, says Com.
1O
Mcmc c'ctc ium||c cc, subjoclivo gonilivo, soo Wardor p.57.
11
Du|||cssc criqcsccccssc, sooms lo bo lvo nouns in apposilion, i.o. 'llo sufforing nobIo lrull' or 'sufforing vlicl is a nobIo lrull'.
12
Du|||cscmu!cqcssc criqcsccccssc, again lvo nouns in apposilion, '(of) llo origin of sufforing vlicl is a nobIo lrull'.
13
Sugcic sooms lo go vill llo vorb tcit.
14
1su isu, ropolilion vill dislribulivo moaning, soo Wardor p.171.
15
Tlis sooms lo rofor back lo llo four nobIo lrulls. Tlo conslruclion 'lloso lloso' is possibIy an omplasis.
61
(D II 95,15) Tlo courlosan AmbapI loard: ''Indood (|irc) llo BIossod Ono las arrivod al VosI, lo dvoIIs
in VosI in my mango-grovo.'' Tlon AmbapI llo courlosan, laving causod llo vory bosl carriagos lo bo yokod,
laving mounlod a good carriago, vonl oul from VosI vill llo vory bosl carriagos, (and) slo sol oul
1
lo lor ovn
park. Having gono vill llo carriago as far as llo ground vas suilabIo for a carriago, laving gol dovn from llo
carriago, jusl on fool (pciii|) slo approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, laving paid rospocls lo
llo BIossod Ono, sal dovn lo ono sido. Tlo BIossod Ono inslruclod, inspirod, gIaddonod, and doIigllod llo
courlosan AmbapI vlo vas soalod lo ono sido vill Dlamma laIk. Tlon llo courlosan AmbapI, inslruclod,
inspirod, gIaddonod, and doIigllod bocauso of llo Dlamma laIk
2
by llo BIossod Ono, said llis lo llo BIossod Ono:
''VonorabIo Sir, Iol llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill llo group of monks, consonl lo a moaI by mo for
lomorrov.'' |282] Tlo BIossod Ono consonlod llrougl llo slalo of siIonco. Tlon AmbapI llo courlosan, laving
undorslood llo BIossod Ono's consonl, laving arison from llo soal, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving dono
rovoronco, Iofl.
Tlo Iicclavs of VosI loard: ''Indood llo BIossod Ono las arrivod al VosI, (and) lo dvoIIs in VosI in
AmbapI's grovo.'' Tlon lloso Iicclavs, laving causod llo vory bosl carriagos lo bo yokod, laving mounlod a
good carriago, vonl oul from VosI vill llo vory bosl carriagos. Tloro somo Iicclavs voro bIuo, bIuo-coIourod,
bIuo-cIollod, bIuo-ornamonlod,
3
somo Iicclavs voro yoIIov, yoIIov-coIourod, yoIIov-cIollod, yoIIov-ornamonlod,
somo Iicclavs voro rod, rod-coIourod, rod-cIollod, rod-ornamonlod, somo Iicclavs voro vlilo, vlilo-coIourod,
vlilo-cIollod, vlilo-ornamonlod.
Tlon AmbapI llo courlosan, causod (lor carriago) lo bo lurnod back
4
vill axIo lo llo axIo, vill vlooI lo
llo vlooI, vill yoko lo llo yoko of llo vory young Iicclavs
5
. Tlon llo Iicclavs said llis lo AmbapI llo
courlosan: ''Wly, AmbapI, do you causo (your carriago) lo lurn back
6
vill axIo lo llo axIo, vill vlooI lo llo
vlooI, vill yoko lo llo yoko of llo vory young Iicclavs`'' ''Bocauso (ici| |i pcnc), gonlIomon, llo BIossod Ono,
logollor vill llo group of monks, las boon invilod by mo lo a moaI for lomorrov.'' ''AmbapI, for a lundrod
llousand
7
givo (us) llis moaI.'' ''Lvon (pi), gonlIomon, if you vouId givo
8
mo VosI vill (ils) dislricl, I vouId nol
givo (you) a llus-groal moaI.'' Tlon lloso Iicclavs snappod llo fingors saying: ''Sirs (||c) vo lavo boon boalon by
llo mango voman, sirs vo lavo boon cloalod by llo mango voman.'' Tlon lloso Iicclavs sol oul lo AmbapI's
grovo.
Tlo BIossod Ono sav lloso Iicclavs coming ovon from afar, (and) laving soon lo addrossod llo monks:
''Monks, by vlicl monks
9
llo Tvalims gods lavo nol boon soon
1O
, you musl Iook,
11
monks, al llo assombIy of
Iicclavs, boloId, monks, llo assombIy of Iicclavs, visuaIiso (upcscm|crcii), monks, llo assombIy of Iicclavs as
llo assombIy of llo Tvalims (gods)
12
.'' Tlon lloso Iicclavs, laving gono vill a carriago as far as llo ground
vas suilabIo for a carriago
13
, laving doscondod from llo carriago, jusl on fool lloy approaclod llo BIossod Ono,
(and) laving approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, lloy sal dovn lo ono sido. Tlo BIossod Ono inslruclod,
inspirod, gIaddonod, (and) doIigllod lloso Iicclavs vlo voro soalod lo ono sido vill Dlamma laIk. Tlon lloso
Iicclavs, inslruclod, inspirod, gIaddonod, (and) doIigllod bocauso of llo Dlamma laIk by llo BIossod Ono, said
llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, Iol llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill llo sangla of monks, consonl lo a moaI
by us for lomorrov |283].'' ''Iicclavs, a moaI for lomorrov by llo courlosan AmbapI las boon consonlod lo by
mo.'' Tlon lloso Iicclavs snappod llo fingors: ''Indood, sirs, vo lavo boon boalon by llo mango voman, indood,
sirs, vo lavo boon cloalod by llo mango voman.'' Tlon lloso Iicclavs, laving doIigllod (and) laving rojoicod in
llo spoocl of llo BIossod Ono, laving arison from llo soal, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving dono
rovoronco, Iofl.
Tlon llo courlosan AmbapI, aflor llo passago
14
of llal nigll, laving causod fino non-slapIo (and) slapIo
food lo bo proparod in lor ovn park (rmc), causod llo limo lo bo announcod lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Il is limo,
VonorabIo Sir, llo moaI is roady (niii|iicm).'' Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving drossod al llo limo of morning, laving
lakon bovI and robo, approaclod llo food-sorving (pcritcscn) of llo courlosan AmbapI logollor vill llo sangla

1
Pqsi, aorisl. Nolo llo Ionglloning of llo firsl bolvoon llo rool and llo profix duo lo llo prosonco of llo aorisl augmonl c, soo Wardor
pp.23-26.
2
D|cmmiq |ci|qc, roading il as an abIalivo of causo. Again nolo llal !|cmmiq is loro a fominino adjoclivo lo |ci|qc.
3
Or 'lad bIuo jovoIry'. N|ctcnn n|ctcii| n||cn|r aro llroo balubbli compounds quaIifying Iicc|ct.
4
Or 'around'. Nolo llo causalivo pciitciicsi vlicl sooms lo rofor lo AmbapI causing lor carriago lo lurn back. 'Carriago', qnc, is undorslood.
5
Tlo moaning sooms lo bo llal slo drovo lor carriago vlooI lo vlooI vill llo carriago(s) of llo Iicclavs.
6
Nolo llal pciitciicsi is loro rondorod as llo socond porson prosonl lonso, vloroas abovo il is rondorod as llird porson aorisl.
7
Scicsc|csscnc, inslrumonlaI, soo Wardor p.45.
8
Dcssci|c, fuluro lonso of !cii. Soo Wardor pp.87-88 for llis oplalivo uso of llo fuluro lonso.
9
Ycscm ||i|||ncm, agonl gonilivo, Wardor p.57.
1O
A!iii|, 'unsoon'.
11
O|c|ci|c, probabIy imporalivo.
12
I.o., lo gol an idoa of vlal llo Tvalims gods Iook Iiko.
13
Yncssc, dalivo of suilabiIily, soo SCIN para. 1O8c.
14
Acccqcnc, soo Wardor p.45.
62
of monks, (and) laving approaclod, lo sal dovn on a proparod soal. Tlon llo courlosan AmbapI, vill (lor)
ovn land, sorvod and salisfiod llo sangla of monks loadod by llo Buddla vill fino non-slapIo (and) slapIo food.
Tlon llo courlosan AmbapI - vlon llo BIossod Ono lad oalon (and) romovod llo land from llo bovI
1
- laving
lakon a corlain Iov soal, sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido llo courlosan AmbapI said llis lo llo BIossod
Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, I givo llis
2
park lo llo sangla of monks loadod by llo BIossod Ono.'' Tlo BIossod Ono
accoplod llo park. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving inslruclod, laving inspirod, laving gIaddonod, (and) laving
doIigllod llo courlosan AmbapI vill Dlamma laIk, laving arison from llo soal, Iofl.
AIso in llis caso (icirc pi) llo BIossod Ono, dvoIIing al VosI in AmbapI's grovo, oflon
3
indood gavo
4
llis
Dlamma laIk lo llo monks: ''Tlus is virluo, llus is conconlralion, llus is visdom, conconlralion suppIiod vill
virluo las groal fruil, groal bonofil
5
, visdom suppIiod vill conconlralion las groal fruil, groal bonofil, (and) llo
mind suppIiod vill visdom is porfoclIy Iiboralod
6
from llo oulfIovings (sctc|i), llal is, from llo oulfIoving of
sonsuaI dosiro, from llo oulfIoving of oxislonco, from llo oulfIoving of viovs, from llo oulfIoving of ignoranco.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving dvoIl as dosirod
7
in AmbapI's grovo, addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Iol us
go, nanda, Iol us approacl BoIuvagmaka.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo
BIossod Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill a Iargo sangla of monks, approaclod BoIuvagmaka. Tloro llo
BIossod Ono dvoIl in BoIuvagmaka.
Tloro llo BIossod Ono addossod llo monks
8
: ''Monks, you go aII around (scmcni) VosI (and) onlor
9
llo
rainy soason (rosidonco)
1O
according lo frionds
11
, according lo acquainlancos, according lo |284] companions, bul
(pcnc) I viII onlor
12
llo rainy soason jusl loro in BoIuvagmaka.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', lloso monks, laving
consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, onlorod llo rainy soason aII around VosI according lo frionds, according lo
acquainlancos, according lo companions, bul llo BIossod Ono onlorod llo rainy soason jusl lloro in BoIuvagmaka.
Tlon a larsl iIInoss occurrod lo llo BIossod Ono
13
vlo lad onlorod llo rains
14
, slrong fooIings porsislod
bordoring on doall. Tlo BIossod Ono, mindfuI (and) cIoarIy comprolonding, ondurod llom (i), villoul boing
dislrossod
15
. Tlon llo BIossod Ono llougll llis: ''Il (icm) vouId nol bo propor
16
for mo, llal
17
I, nol laving
addrossod llo allondanls, nol laving lakon Ioavo of llo sangla of monks, slouId allain oxlinclion. Wlal nov if I,
laving clockod llis iIInoss llrougl onorgy, slouId dvoII laving rosoIvod
18
on llo Iifo-forco
19
.'' Tlon llo BIossod
Ono, laving clockod llal iIInoss llrougl onorgy, dvoIl laving rosoIvod on llo Iifo-forco. Tlon, for llo BIossod Ono,
llal iIInoss abalod.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono, arison from iIInoss
2O
, roconlIy arison from iIInoss, laving doscondod from llo
dvoIIing, sal dovn on a proparod soal in llo slado of llo dvoIIing. Tlon VonorabIo nanda approaclod llo
BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido
VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Il is soon (!iii|) by mo, VonorabIo Sir, lloro is comforl
21
for llo
BIossod Ono, il is soon by mo, VonorabIo Sir, lloro is conlonlmonl for llo BIossod Ono. AIllougl (cpi |i), VonorabIo
Sir, bocauso of llo iIInoss
22
of llo BIossod Ono, my body vas as if (tiqc) bocomo drunk
23
, llo diroclions voro nol
cIoar lo mo, and (pi) llo loaclings did nol occur (pcii||cnii) lo mo, novorlloIoss, VonorabIo Sir, for mo lloro vas sliII

1
Again roading il as an accusalivo absoIulo, soo nolo abovo.
2
|m|cm = imcm c|cm, imcm agrooing vill rmcm.
3
8c|u|cm is an adjoclivo lo |ci|cm, 'froquonl (Dlamma) laIk'. Wlon lransIalod vill 'oflon' il gols an advorbiaI sonso.
4
Kcrcii, Iil. 'mado' (lisloric prosonl lonso).
5
Tlroo balubbli compounds.
6
Vimucccii, passivo.
7
Yci|||ircnicm, avyayblva compound.
8
Irom loro lo llo ond of llis passago soo aIso Blikklu Bodli's lransIalion al CDB pp.1636-1637.
9
Upci|c, foIIoving CDB.
1O
I.o., llo llroo monlls of llo yoar, during llo monsoon soason, vlon llo monks couId nol lravoI.
11
I.o. 'according lo vloro you lavo frionds'. Avyayblva compound, soo Wardor p.256.
12
Upcgccc|mi. Irosonl lonso usod lo oxpross immodialo fuluro, as in llo LngIisl 'I am onloring', soo Wardor p.12.
13
8|cgctcic. I road il as dalivo of disadvanlago. AIlornalivoIy llis, logollor vill llo pasl parlicipIo tcsspcgcicssc, couId bo undorslood as a
gonilivo absoIulo: 'Tlon, vlon llo BIossod Ono lad onlorod llo rains (rosidonco), ... '.
14
Vcsspcgcicssc, balubbli compound.
15
Ati|ccmnc, nogalivo prosonl parlicipIo passivo.
16
Nc pciirpcm. Tloro is no vorb loro bul vo can assumo llo vorb 'lo bo' in llo oplalivo lonso, i.o. 'vouId bo', llrougl assimiIalion vill
pcrini||qcqqcm, llo vorb of llo roIalivo cIauso (soo Wardor pp.87-88). Nolo llal llis is a caso of llo main cIauso procoding llo roIalivo cIauso
(soo NCRI II,6), conlra lo normaI IaIi usago.
17
Yc. Tlis is a roIalivo pronouns roforring back lo 'llal', icm.
18
A!|iii|qc ti|crcqqcm, may aIso bo inlorprolod as a poriplraslic conslruclion, i.o. 'I slouId dvoII rosoIving ...', soo Wardor p.239.
19
jtiicscn||rcm, somolimos lransIalod as 'Iifo-formalion'.
2O
Gi|n, usod as a noun, and llus indislinguislabIo from gc|c.
21
P|su, sooms lo bo a fominino noun, nol an adjoclivo, vill vlicl !iii| agroos.
22
Gc|ccnc, llis is an inslrumonlaI of causo, soo Wardor p.44.
23
Mc!|urc|cjic = mc!|urc|c ('drunk') + jic ('bocomo'), balubbli compound quaIifying |qc.
63
(ctc) somo (| ci!) moasuro of roassuranco
1
: So Iong llo BIossod Ono viII nol allain oxlinclion, as Iong as llo
BIossod Ono las nol docIarod (u!|crcii) somolling concorning llo sangla of monks.''
''Bul vlal, nanda, doos llo sangla of monks oxpocl from mo
2
` Tlo Dlamma las boon laugll by mo,
nanda, villoul omission, villoul laving mado an oxcIusion, in llis caso, nanda, llo Tallgala las no loaclor's
fisl
3
vill roforonco lo llo loaclings. Wlom, nanda, migll llink llus: ''I viII Iook aflor (pcri|crissmi) llo sangla
of monks'' or ''llo sangla of monks is roforring lo mo (as aullorily)'', lo, nanda, slouId docIaro somolling
concorning llo sangla of monks. Tlo Tallgala, nanda, doos nol llink llus: ''I viII Iook aflor llo sangla of
monks'' or ''llo sangla of monks is roforring lo mo (as aullorily)''. Wly, nanda, slouId llo Tallgala docIaro
4

somolling concorning llo sangla of monks` nanda, I am nov oId, agod, an oIdor, gono lo limo, allainod lo ago,
my ago is
5
oiglly. }usl as, nanda, |285] an oId carl is causod lo go llrougl binding vill slraps, jusl so, nanda,
llo Tallgala's body is causod lo go as if (mcc) llrougl binding vill slraps. Al vlicl limo, nanda, llo
Tallgala, duo lo llo non-allonlion
6
lo aII signs
7
, duo lo llo cossalion of somo fooIings, laving onlorod, dvoIIs in llo
signIoss conconlralion of mind, al llal limo, nanda, llo Tallgala's body is mado comforlabIo.
Tloroforo, nanda, in llis caso you slouId dvoII
8
vill yoursoIvos as isIands
9
, vill yoursoIvos as rofugos,
vill no ollor rofugos, vill Dlamma as an isIand,
1O
vill Dlamma as a rofugo, vill no ollor rofugo. And lov,
nanda, doos a monk dvoII vill limsoIf as an isIand, vill limsoIf as a rofugo, vill no ollor rofugo, vill Dlamma
as an isIand, vill Dlamma as a rofugo, vill no ollor rofugo` Horo, nanda, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a body
in llo body
11
, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, mindfuI, laving abandonod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill
roforonco lo llo vorId, lo dvoIIs conlompIaling fooIings among fooIings, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, mindfuI,
laving abandonod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo vorId, lo dvoIIs conlompIaling mind in llo
mind, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, mindfuI, laving abandonod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo
llo vorId, lo dvoIIs conlompIaling plonomona among plonomona
12
, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, mindfuI,
laving abandonod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo vorId, llus, nanda, a monk dvoIIs vill
limsoIf as an isIand, vill limsoIf as a rofugo, vill no ollor rofugo, vill Dlamma as an isIand, vill Dlamma as a
rofugo, vill no ollor rofugo. Ior vloovor, nanda, nov or aflor my passing avay
13
, slouId dvoII
14
vill
llomsoIvos as isIands, vill llomsoIvos as rofugos, vill no ollor rofugos, vill Dlamma as an isIand, vill Dlamma
as a rofugo, vill no ollor rofugo, vloovor is dosiring of lraining (qc |cci si||||m), nanda, lloso monks viII bo
my lopmosl
15
.

Passage 2 (D II 41,9-21)

To llom, llo BIossod Ono Vipass, llo aralanl, llo fuIIy avakonod Buddla, discoursod a graduaI
discourso
16
, llal is, lo rovoaIod (pc|scsi) a discourso on giving, a discourso on moraIily, a discourso on loavon, llo
disadvanlago, moannoss, (and) dofiIomonl of sonsuaI pIoasuros, (and) llo bonofil in ronuncialion. Wlon llo BIossod
Ono knov (llal) lloy lad pIianl minds
17
, sofl minds, minds villoul lindrancos, oIalod minds, confidonl minds,
llon, vlicl (q) is llo oxaIlod Dlamma-loacling of Buddlas, llal lo rovoaIod: sufforing, originalion, cossalion,
(and) pall. }usl as a cIoan cIoll villoul slain vouId proporIy (scmmc!) lako llo dyo, jusl so, in llal vory soal, llo
duslIoss, slainIoss oyo of llo Dlamma aroso for princo Klanda and llo minislor-son Tissa: ''Wlalovor is subjocl lo
originalion, aII llal is subjocl lo cossalion.''


1
Assscmcii = csssc ('broalling'/'broalling oasy'/'comforl'/'roassuranco', soo DI) + mciic ('moasuro'/'amounl').
2
Iil. 'oxpocl vill roforonco lo mo', mcqi pcccsimscii. A Iocalivo vill abIalivo sonso, soo SCIN para. 173a.
3
ccriqcmuii|i. I.o., no (cIosod) fisl of a loaclor, lo doos nol loId anylling back.
4
U!|crisscii. Nolo llo fuluro lonso, soo Wardor p.55.
5
Vciicii. Tlis vorb oflon las llo sonso of 'lo bo', soo ILD.
6
Amcncsi|r, abIalivo.
7
Sc||cnimiiincm, gonilivo as llo roIalion loro is bolvoon lvo nouns, Iil. 'of aII signs'.
8
Vi|crci|c, probabIy imporalivo socond porson pIuraI.
9
Aiic!p, a balubbli compound quaIifying 'you' pIuraI (impIiod by ti|crci|c), and loro oxprossing a molaplor, soo Wardor p.155. In llis caso
ti|crci|c funclions Iiko llo vorb 'lo bo' in llal il prodicalos ciic!p olc. of 'you', cf. SCIN para. 2Oa.
1O
D|cmmc!p. Tlo pIuraI -onding is duo lo agroomonl vill llo pIuraI pronoun, bul I undorsland llo moaning lo bo singuIar.
11
Kqc |qnupcss, possibIy moaning a parl villin llo vloIo of llo body, llo samo can bo undorslood for llo ollor llroo sciipcii|ncs.
AIlornalivoIy llo rodupIicalion of |qc (as voII as llo ollor llroo sciipcii|ncs) couId bo undorslood as a IaIi idiom llal slouId bo road as if
|qc (olc.) is onIy monlionod onco.
12
D|cmm. Soo CDB p.15O4 for a briof discussion of llis lorm in llis conloxl.
13
Mcmcm ccccqcnc, soo Wardor p.45.
14
Vi|crisscnii, fuluro lonso usod lo oxpross 'labil', soo Wardor p.55. Nolo llal llo fuluro, ||ctisscnii, is aIso usod for llo domonslralivo cIauso
immodialoIy foIIoving, soo Wardor p.295.
15
1cmcicggc, llo moaning is uncorlain, cf. CDB, p.1921, nolo 143.
16
nupu||i|ci|cm, kammadlraya compound. Nolo lov llo vorb |ci|csi and ils objocl (cnupu||i-)|ci|cm aro from llo samo rool, llus
'discoursod a (graduaI) discourso'.
17
Kc||cciiic, balubbli compound quaIifying 'lloy'.
64
Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 277,22 - 278,8)

Exercise 27

Passage 1 (D II 1O2,1-19 + 118,27-121,2)

Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving drossod al llo limo of morning, laving lakon bovI and robo, onlorod VosI
for aIms, (and) laving gono for aIms in VosI, (lo) rolurnod
1
from aIms-round aflor llo moaI, (and) addrossod
VonorabIo nanda: ''nanda, lako llo silling cIoll. Iol us approacl llo CpIa Slrino for llo day's abiding
2
.''
Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda, laving consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving lakon llo silling cIoll,
foIIovod cIosoIy bolind llo BIossod Ono.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono approaclod llo CpIa Slrino, (and) laving approaclod, lo sal dovn on llo
proparod soal. AIso VonorabIo nanda, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, sal dovn lo ono sido. Tlo BIossod Ono
said llis lo VonorabIo nanda vlo vas soalod lo ono sido: ''nanda, VosI is doIigllfuI ... llo CpIa Slrino is
doIigllfuI.'' (D II 1O2,19)



(D II 118,27) ''nanda, las nol llis (ctcm) boon docIarod by mo as a procaulion: vill aII (llal is) doar (and)
pIoasing lloro is divorso-bocoming
3
, villoul-bocoming, ollorviso-bocoming
4
` Tloroforo, nanda, lov couId llis
bo possibIo:
5
'Tlal vlicl is born, bocomo, producod, subjocl lo docay, Iol llal nol docay!' - llis is nol possibIo. Sinco,
nanda, llis las boon abandonod, vomilod, roIoasod, llrovn avay, (and) ronouncod by llo Tallgala, (lloroforo)
llo Iifo-forco las boon dispoIIod. A slalomonl (tc) las boon dofinilivoIy
6
spokon by llo Tallgala: 'Soon viII bo llo
oxlinclion of llo Tallgala, aflor llo passago of llroo monlls from nov (iic), llo Tallgala viII bocomo oxlincl.'
Tlis is nol possibIo: '(llal) llo Tallgala slouId svaIIov back
7
again llal spoocl bocauso of Iifo
8
'. Iol us go,
nanda, Iol us approacl llo groal vood (and) llo louso vill llo poakod roof.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'',
VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill VonorabIo nanda, approaclod llo groal vood (and) llo louso vill
llo poakod roof. Having approaclod, lo addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''You go, nanda, as far as monks aro
dvoIIing in dopondonco on VosI, assombIo aII lloso in llo allondanco laII.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'',
VonorabIo nanda, laving consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, as far as monks voro dvoIIing in dopondonco on VosI,
laving assombIod aII lloso (monks) in llo allondanco laII, lo approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving
approaclod, |306] laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, lo slood lo ono sido. Slanding lo ono sido, VonorabIo nanda
said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, llo sangla of monks is assombIod. VonorabIo Sir, you may como al
your ovn convonionco.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono approaclod llo allondanco laII, (and) laving approaclod, lo sal dovn on a proparod
soal. Having sal dovn, llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Tloroforo, monks, in llis caso, vlicl llings
9
lavo
boon laugll by mo lo you from dirocl knovIodgo
1O
, lloso, laving boon voII Ioarnod by you, slouId bo praclisod,
slouId bo dovoIopod, slouId bo mado mucl of, so llal
11
llo loIy-Iifo may bo onduring (and) Iong-slanding, (and)
llal (ic!) il may bo for llo bonofil of llo muIliludo (|c|ujcnc), for llo lappinoss of llo muIliludo, for llo sako of
compassion for llo vorId,
12
for llo voIfaro, bonofil, (and) lappinoss of gods and lumans. And, monks, vlicl aro
lloso llings llal lavo boon laugll by mo from dirocl knovIodgo, vlicl, laving boon voII Ioarnod by you, slouId
bo praclisod, slouId bo dovoIopod, slouId bo mado mucl of, so llal llo loIy-Iifo may bo onduring (and) Iong-
slanding, (and) llal il may bo for llo bonofil of llo muIliludo, for llo lappinoss of llo muIliludo, for llo sako of
compassion for llo vorId, for llo voIfaro, bonofil, (and) lappinoss of gods and lumans` (Tloy aro) as foIIovs: llo
four oslabIislings of mindfuInoss, llo four rigll offorls, llo four basos for spiriluaI povor, llo fivo facuIlios, llo fivo

1
Pcii||cnic, pasl parlicipIo of pcii||cmcii.
2
I.o., lo slay lloro during llo day lo modilalo olc., !itti|rqc. Tlo ovoraII compound is dalivo (of purposo) and llo inlornaI slrucluro gonilivo.
3
Nn||tc, sooms lo moan 'soparalion'.
4
I.o., clango, cci|||tc.
5
Iil. 'from vlal loro is llal oblainabIo'. Ic|||, indocIinabIo.
6
||cmscnc, advorb.
7
I.o., lako back/villdrav, pccctcmisscii. HypollolicaI fuluro lonso, Wardor p.55.
8
I.o., lo Iivo.
9
I.o., lloso llings vlicl.
1O
A||iqc, I road il as abIalivo.
11
Yci|cqi!cm, Iil. 'as llis'.
12
Ic|nu|cmpqc, dalivo of purposo, soo Wardor p.67.
65
povors, llo sovon faclors of avakoning, llo nobIo oigll-faclorod pall, lloso llings, monks, lavo boon laugll by
mo from dirocl knovIodgo, lloso, laving boon voII Ioarnod by you, slouId bo praclisod, slouId bo dovoIopod,
slouId bo mado mucl of, so llal llo loIy-Iifo may bo onduring (and) Iong-slanding, (and) llal il may bo for llo
bonofil of llo muIliludo, for llo lappinoss of llo muIliludo, for llo sako of compassion for llo vorId, for llo
voIfaro, bonofil, (and) lappinoss of gods and lumans.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono addossod llo monks: ''WoII nov, monks, I addross
1
you: formalions (scn||r) aro
subjocl lo docay, slrivo on vill diIigonco, soon viII bo llo oxlinclion of llo Tallgala, llo Tallgala viII bocomo
oxlincl aflor llo passing of llroo monlls from nov (iic).'' Tlo BIossod Ono said llis, (and) llo WoII-gono laving
said llis, llo Toaclor llon furllor said llis:

''My ago is ripo, my Iifo is slorl,
2

Having abandonod you
3
I viII go, a rofugo las boon mado by mo for mysoIf.

Monks, bo diIigonl, mindfuI, voII-conduclod,
Havo voII-conconlralod inlonlions, guard your ovn mind.

Wlo slouId dvoII
4
diIigonl
5
in llis loacling and discipIino,
Having abandonod llo lransmigralion of birlls, lo viII mako an ond of sufforing.''

Passage 2 (D II 29O,1-292,24 + 298,8-3O5,5 + 3O8,1-5 +31O,4-7 + 311,28-313,27)

(D II 29O,1) Tlus las boon loard by mo. Al ono limo llo BIossod Ono vas dvoIIing among llo Kurs. Tloro is
a lovn of llo Kurs caIIod Kammssadlamma. Tloro llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Monks.'' ''VonorabIo
Sir'', lloso monks rospondod lo
6
llo BIossod Ono. Tlo BIossod Ono said llis: ''Monks, llis is llo ono-vay
7
pall for
llo purificalion of boings, for llo ovorcoming of sorrov and Iamonlalion, for llo onding of pain and dojoclion, for
llo allaining of llo mollod, for llo roaIisalion of Nibbna, llal is, llo four oslabIislings of mindfuInoss
8
. Wlicl
four` Horo, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a body in llo body
9
, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, (and)
mindfuI, laving oIiminalod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo vorId - lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a
fooIing among fooIings, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, (and) mindfuI, laving oIiminalod covolousnoss and
dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo vorId - lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a monlaI slalo in llo mind
1O
, onorgolic, cIoarIy
comprolonding, (and) mindfuI, laving oIiminalod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo vorId - lo
dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, (and) mindfuI, laving
oIiminalod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo vorId.
And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a body in llo body` Horo, monks, a monk, vlo las
gono lo llo forosl, gono lo llo rool of a lroo, or gono lo an omply louso,
11
laving foIdod llo Iogs cross-viso, laving
loId llo body slraigll
12
, laving oslabIislod mindfuInoss in fronl, sisls dovn. Ho, ovor (tc) mindfuI
13
, broalls in,
mindfuI lo broalls oul. Broalling in Iong lo undorslands: ''I broall in Iong'', or broalling oul Iong lo undorslands:
''I broall oul Iong''. Broalling in slorl lo undorslands: ''I broall in slorl'', or broalling oul slorl lo undorslands:
''I broall oul slorl''. Ho lrains: ''I viII broall in oxporioncing llo vloIo body
14
'', lo lrains: ''I viII broall oul
oxporioncing llo vloIo body''. Ho lrains: ''I viII broall in caIming
15
llo body formalion
16
'', lo lrains: ''I viII broall
oul caIming llo body formalion''.

1
mcnicqmi. NormaIIy llis vouId bo mcnicmi bul loro -cqc- is usod for -c-, soo Wardor p.21.
2
Pcriiicm, Iil. 'Iimilod'.
3
Vc, accusalivo.
4
Vi|csscii and boIov |crisscii, fuluro lonso usod for oplalivo sonso vloro llo rosuIl is considorod corlain. Soo Wardor p.295 for llis uso of llo
fuluro lonso.
5
Appcmciic, an adjoclivo quaIifying qc, 'vlo'. Tlo vorb ti|csscii (poolic form of ti|crisscii) funclions mucl in llo samo vay as llo vorb 'lo bo'.
6
Pccccsscsum, nol foIIoving Wardor.
7
||qcnc. Soo CDB p.1915, nolo 123, for a discussion of llis lorm.
8
IoIIoving CDB.
9
Soo nolo abovo in oxorciso 26.
1O
Ciiic can boll donolo mind gonoraIIy and llo mind al a parlicuIar limo, i.o. a slalo of mind.
11
Tlroo balubbli compounds quaIifying 'monk'. Tlo firsl is formod Iiko a lappurisa compound, llo socond Iiko a lappurisa villin a
lappurisa, and llo llird Iiko a kammadlraya compound villin a lappurisa compound.
12
Ujum |qcm. Ujum is an adjoclivo lo |qcm, 'slraigll body'.
13
Scic, quaIifios sc, 'lo'.
14
Sc||c|qcpciiscmtc!, a balubbli compound quaIifying 'I', llo agonl of csscsissmi. Tlo slrucluro of llo compound is a kammadlraya
(sc||c|qc) villin a lappurisa.
15
Pcsscm||cqcm, prosonl parlicipIo nominalivo.
16
Kqcscn||rcm, is a roforonco lo llo broall, soo Com.
66
}usl as, monks, a skiIIod spin-makor
1
, or llo appronlico of a spin-makor
2
, lurning Iong
3
undorslands: ''I am
lurning Iong'', or lurning slorl lo undorslands: ''I am lurning slorl'', jusl so, monks, a monk broalling in Iong or ...
lo lrains. Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a body in llo body inlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a body in llo
body oxlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a body in llo body inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy. Ho
4
dvoIIs conlompIaling
llo arising-naluro
5
of llo body
6
, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling llo vanisling-naluro (tcqc!|cmmc) of llo body, or lo
dvoIIs conlompIaling llo arising-and-vanisling-naluro of llo body. Or lis mindfuInoss is oslabIislod: ''lloro is a
body'', jusl as far as for a moasuro of knovIodgo, |308] for a moasuro of mindfuInoss
7
. Ho dvoIIs indopondonl, and
lo is nol allaclod
8
lo anylling in llo vorId. AIso
9
llus, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a body in llo body.
And furllormoro (punc cc pcrcm), monks, a monk vaIking undorslands: ''I am vaIking'', or slanding lo
undorslands: ''I am slanding'', or soalod lo undorslands: ''I am soalod'', or Iying dovn lo undorslands: ''I am Iying
dovn''. Or lovovor
1O
lis body is disposod (pcni|iic), jusl so
11
lo undorslands il. Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a
body in llo body inlornaIIy or ... and lo is nol allaclod lo anylling in llo vorId. AIso llus, monks, a monk dvoIIs
conlompIaling a body in llo body (D II 292,24) ...
(D II 298,8) And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a fooIing among fooIings` In llis caso, monks,
a monk fooIing a pIoasanl fooIing undorslands: ''I fooI
12
a pIoasanl fooIing'', fooIing an unpIoasanl fooIing lo
undorslands: ''I fooI an unpIoasanl fooIing''. IooIing a non-unpIoasanl-and-non-pIoasanl
13
fooIing lo undorslands: ''I
fooI a non-unpIoasanl-and-non-pIoasanl fooIing''. Or fooIing a pIoasanl carnaI (smiscm) fooIing lo undorslands: ''I
fooI a pIoasanl carnaI fooIing''. Or fooIing a pIoasanl spiriluaI
14
fooIing lo undorslands: ''I fooI a pIoasanl spiriluaI
fooIing''. Or fooIing an unpIoasanl carnaI fooIing lo undorslands: ''I fooI an unpIoasanl carnaI fooIing''. Or fooIing an
unpIoasanl spiriluaI fooIing lo undorslands: ''I fooI an unpIoasanl spiriluaI fooIing''. Or fooIing a non-unpIoasanl-
and-non-pIoasanl carnaI fooIing lo undorslands: ''I fooI a non-unpIoasanl-and-non-pIoasanl carnaI fooIing''. Or
fooIing a non-unpIoasanl-and-non-pIoasanl spiriluaI fooIing lo undorslands: ''I fooI a non-unpIoasanl-and-non-
pIoasanl spiriluaI fooIing.''
Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a fooIing among fooIings inlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a fooIing
among fooIings oxlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a fooIing among fooIings inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy. Ho dvoIIs
conlompIaling llo arising-naluro of fooIings, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling llo vanisling-naluro of fooIings, or lo
dvoIIs conlompIaling llo arising-and-vanisling-naluro of fooIings. Or lis mindfuInoss is oslabIislod: ''lloro is
fooIing'',
15
jusl as far as for a moasuro of knovIodgo, for a moasuro of mindfuInoss. Ho dvoIIs indopondonl, and lo
is nol allaclod lo anylling in llo vorId. Tlus, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a fooIing among fooIings.
And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a monlaI slalo in llo mind` In llis caso, monks, a monk
undorslands a mind vill Iusl
16
: ''il is a mind vill Iusl'', or lo undorslands a mind villoul Iusl: ''il is a mind
villoul Iusl'', or lo undorslands a mind vill angor: ''il is a mind vill angor'', or lo undorslands a mind villoul
angor: ''il is a mind villoul angor'', or lo undorslands a mind vill doIusion: |309] ''il is a mind vill doIusion'', or
lo undorslands a mind villoul doIusion: ''il is a mind villoul doIusion'', or lo undorslands a conlraclod mind: ''il
is a conlraclod mind'', or lo undorslands a dislraclod mind: ''il is a dislraclod mind'', or lo undorslands an oIovalod
mind
17
: ''il is an oIovalod mind'', or lo undorslands a non-oIovalod mind: ''il is a non-oIovalod mind'', or lo
undorslands a surpassabIo (scuiicrcm) mind: ''il is a surpassabIo mind'', or lo undorslands an unsurpassabIo mind:
''il is an unsurpassabIo mind'', or lo undorslands a conconlralod mind: ''il is a conconlralod mind'', or lo
undorslands an unconconlralod mind: ''il is an unconconlralod mind'', or lo undorslands a Iiboralod mind: ''il is a
Iiboralod mind'', or lo undorslands an unIiboralod mind: ''il is an unIiboralod mind''.
Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a monlaI slalo in llo mind inlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a monlaI
slalo in llo mind oxlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a monlaI slalo in llo mind inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy. Ho

1
I.o., a lurnor.
2
8|cmc|rcnicts. I road il as a lappurisa compound, bul il couId aIso bo undorslood as a kammadlraya, i.o. 'an appronlico spin-makor'.
3
I.o., on a Iallo.
4
Tlo t loro corlainIy porlains lo llo various parls of llis sonlonco, bul il may aIso roIalo llis sonlonco lo llo provious sonlonco, in vlicl caso
ono vouId lransIalo 'Or lo ...'. Tlis argumonl couId aIso bo lruo of llo provious paragrapl bul il vouId vioIalo llo lolrad slrucluro of llo Sulla.
5
Scmu!cqc!|cmmc. Soo CDB p.1927 nolo 178.
6
Iil. 'in llo body' or 'vill roforonco lo llo body'.
7
Tlo uso of 'moasuro' loro couId moan llal llo liglosl forms of nc and scii aro nol inlondod.
8
Up!iqcii, passivo vorb.
9
Pi. As oflon is llo caso, pi loro simpIy las a connoclivo funclion, i.o. lo connocl oacl of llo body conlompIalions lo llo ollors.
1O
Yci| qci| t, Iil. 'or as as', dislribulivo moaning of qci|.
11
1ci| ici|, Iil. 'so so'. Bocauso llo roIalivo pronoun is doubIo (i.o., dislribulivo in moaning), so is llo corroIalivo domonslralivo pronoun.
12
Vc!cqmi. NormaIIy llis vouId bo tc!cmi bul loro il appoars vill llo fuIIor suffix -cqc, soo Wardor p.21.
13
A!u|||cmcsu||cm, dvanda compound vill -m- as junclion consonanl, i.o. 'noillor unpIoasanl nor pIoasanl'.
14
Nirmiscm, Iil. 'non-carnaI'.
15
Aii|i tc!cn ii. Il is nol cIoar vlollor llis is singuIar or pIuraI as cii|i in lloso conslruclions can moan boll 'lloro is' and 'lloro aro'. Vc!cn
boing a fominino noun, llo onding couId oillor bo singuIar or pIuraI.
16
Nolo llal pcjnii, 'undorslands', loro las a dirocl objocl (in conlrasl lo llo soclion abovo), i.o. scrgcm ciiicm, 'a mind vill Iusl'.
17
Mc|cggcicm (t) ciiicm, Iil '(or) a mind gono groal'.
67
dvoIIs conlompIaling llo arising-naluro of llo mind, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling llo vanisling-naluro of llo
mind, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling llo arising-and-vanisling-naluro of llo mind. Or lis mindfuInoss is oslabIislod:
''lloro is mind'', jusl as far as for a moasuro of knovIodgo, for a moasuro of mindfuInoss. Ho dvoIIs indopondonl,
and lo is nol allaclod lo anylling in llo vorId. Tlus, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a monlaI slalo in llo
mind.
And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona` Horo, monks, a
monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo fivo lindrancos
1
. And lov, monks,
doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo fivo lindrancos`
Horo, monks, a monk undorslands inlornaIIy oxisling sonsuaI dosiro
2
: ''I lavo
3
sonsuaI dosiro inlornaIIy
4
'', or
lo undorslands inlornaIIy non-oxisling sonsuaI dosiro: ''I do nol lavo sonsuaI dosiro inlornaIIy''. Hov lloro is llo
arising (upp!c) of unarison sonsuaI dosiro llal loo (cc) lo undorslands, lov lloro is llo abandoning of arison
sonsuaI dosiro llal loo lo undorslands, lov lloro is llo non-arising in fuluro of abandonod sonsuaI dosiro llal loo
lo undorslands.
Ho undorslands inlornaIIy oxisling iII-viII: ''I lavo iII-viII inlornaIIy'', or lo undorslands inlornaIIy non-
oxisling iII-viII: ''I do nol lavo iII-viII inlornaIIy''. Hov lloro is llo arising of unarison iII-viII llal loo lo
undorslands, lov lloro is llo abandoning of arison iII-viII llal loo lo undorslands, lov lloro is llo non-arising in
fuluro of abandonod iII-viII llal loo lo undorslands.
Ho undorslands inlornaIIy oxisling sIoll and lorpor: ''I lavo sIoll and lorpor inlornaIIy'' ... (lov) lloro is
llo non-arising in fuluro of (abandonod) sIoll and lorpor llal loo lo undorslands.
Ho undorslands inlornaIIy oxisling roslIossnoss and vorry: ''I lavo |310] roslIossnoss and vorry
inlornaIIy'' ... (lov) lloro is llo non-arising in fuluro of (abandonod) roslIossnoss and vorry llal loo lo
undorslands.
Ho undorslands inlornaIIy oxisling doubl: ''I lavo doubl inlornaIIy'' ... lov lloro is llo non-arising in fuluro
of abandonod doubl llal loo lo undorslands.
Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona inlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a
plonomonon among plonomona oxlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona
inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy. Ho dvoIIs conlompIaling llo arising-naluro of plonomona, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling
llo vanisling-naluro of plonomona, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling llo arising-and-vanisling-naluro of plonomona.
Or lis mindfuInoss is oslabIislod: ''lloro aro plonomona'', jusl as far as for a moasuro of knovIodgo, for a moasuro
of mindfuInoss. Ho dvoIIs indopondonl, and lo is nol allaclod lo anylling in llo vorId. Tlus, monks, a monk
dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo fivo lindrancos.
And furllormoro, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo fivo
groups of grasping. And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona,
among llo fivo groups of grasping` Horo, monks, a monk knovs
5
: ''llus is form, llus is llo originalion of form,
llus is llo passing avay of of form - llus is fooIing, llus is llo originalion of fooIing, llus is llo passing avay of
fooIing - llus is porcoplion, llus is llo originalion of porcoplion, llus is llo passing avay of porcoplion - llus aro
voIilionaI formalions, llus is llo originalion of voIilionaI formalions, llus is llo passing avay of voIilionaI
formalions - llus is consciousnoss, llus is llo originalion of consciousnoss, llus is llo passing avay of
consciousnoss'', llus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona inlornaIIy, or ... llus, monks, a
monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo fivo groups of grasping.
And furllormoro, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo six
inlornaI and oxlornaI sonso basos (qcicncsu). And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a plonomonon
among plonomona, among llo six inlornaI and oxlornaI sonso basos` Horo, monks, a monk undorslands llo oyo,
and lo undorslands forms
6
, and vlicl follor (scmqcjcnc) arisos dopondonl on (pciiccc) llal duaIily
7
llal loo (cc) lo
undorslands, and lov lloro is llo arising of an unarison follor llal loo lo undorslands, and lov lloro is llo
abandonmonl of an arison follor llal loo lo undorslands, and lov lloro is llo non-arising in fuluro of an
abandonod follor llal loo lo undorslands ... lo undorslands llo oar, and lo undorsland sounds ... olc ... lo
undorslands llo noso, and lo undorslands odours ... olc ... |311] lo undorslands llo longuo, and lo undorslands

1
Nolo llal pcccsu ntcrcncsu agroos vill !|cmmcsu, ntcrcncsu boing a noun in apposilion lo !|cmmcsu, llo lvo quaIifying oacl ollor. Tlus
ono couId lransIalo '(a plonomonon) among plonomona vlicl aro llo fivo lindrancos' or '(a plonomonon) among llo plonomona of llo fivo
lindrancos'.
2
Scnicm (t) cjj|ciicm |mccc|cn!cm. Tlis plraso can bo inlorprolod in sovoraI vays: 1. Il is llo dirocl objocl of pcjnii (llis is lov I road il), 2.
Il is an accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo, 'concorning inlornaIIy oxisling sonsuaI dosiro, lo undorslands: ... ' (soo Wardor p.17), 3. Il is an
accusalivo absoIulo conslruclion, 'vlon sonsuaI dosiro is oxisling, lo undorslands: ...'. Tlo llird possibiIily is unIikoIy as llis is a raro
conslruclion in IaIi. Tloso possibiIilios aIso appIy lo llo foIIoving loxl concornod vill llo ollor four lindrancos and llo faclors of avakoning.
3
Aii|i mc, Iil. 'lloro is of mo'.
4
Nolo llal cjj|ciicm doos nol agroo vill |mccc|cn!c and llus il musl bo an advorb rallor llan an adjoclivo.
5
Again, llo ii al llo ond (tincssc cii|cgcmc ii) signifios llinking, porcoiving, or knoving (soo Wardor p.36).
6
Rpc. I lako llis as an accusalivo pIuraI, aIllougl llo usuaI form is rpni.
7
1c!u||cqcm, kammadlraya compound.
68
laslos ... olc ... lo undorslands llo body, and lo undorslands louclabIos
1
... olc ... and lo undorslands llo mind,
and lo undorslands plonomona
2
, and vlicl follor arisos dopondonl on llal duaIily llal loo lo undorslands, and
lov lloro is llo arising of an unarison follor llal loo lo undorslands, and lov lloro is llo abandonmonl of an
arison follor llal loo lo undorslands, and lov lloro is non-arising in fuluro of an abandonod follor llal loo lo
undorslands. Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona inlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs
conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona oxlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among
plonomona inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy. Ho dvoIIs conlompIaling llo originalion-naluro of plonomona, or lo dvoIIs
conlompIaling llo vanisling-naluro of plonomona, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling originalion-and-vanisling-naluro
of plonomona. Or lis mindfuInoss is oslabIislod: ''lloro aro plonomona'', jusl as far as for a moasuro of knovIodgo,
for a moasuro of mindfuInoss. Ho dvoIIs indopondonl, and lo is nol allaclod lo anylling in llo vorId. Tlus, monks,
a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo inlornaI and oxlornaI sonso basos.
And furllormoro, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo
sovon faclors of avakoning. And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a plonomonon among
plonomona, among llo sovon faclors of avakoning` Horo, monks, a monk undorslands llo inlornaIIy oxisling
mindfuInoss faclor of avakoning
3
:
4
''I lavo llo mindfuInoss faclor of avakoning inlornaIIy''. Or lo undorslands llo
inlornaIIy non-oxisling mindfuInoss faclor of avakoning: ''I do nol lavo llo mindfuInoss faclor of avakoning
inlornaIIy''. And lov lloro is llo arising of llo unarison mindfuInoss faclor of avakoning llal loo lo undorslands,
and lov lloro is llo fuIfiImonl llrougl dovoIopmonl of llo arison mindfuInoss faclor of avakoning llal loo lo
undorslands ... or llo inlornaIIy oxisling invosligalion of plonomona faclor of avakoning ... olc ... or llo inlornaIIy
oxisling onorgy faclor of avakoning ... olc ... or llo inlornaIIy oxisling joy faclor of avakoning ... olc ... or llo
inlornaIIy oxisling lranquiIIily faclor of avakoning ... olc ... or llo inlornaIIy oxisling conconlralion faclor of
avakoning ... olc ... or lo undorslands llo inlornaIIy oxisling oquanimily faclor of avakoning: ''I lavo llo
oquanimily faclor of avakoning inlornaIIy''. Or lo undorslands llo inlornaIIy non-oxisling oquanimily faclor of
avakoning: ''I do nol lavo llo oquanimily faclor of avakoning inlornaIIy''. And lov lloro is llo arising of llo
unarison oquanimily faclor of avakoning llal loo lo undorslands, and lov lloro is llo fuIfiImonl llrougl
dovoIopmonl of llo arison oquanimily faclor of avakoning llal loo lo undorslands. Tlus lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a
plonomonon among plonomona inlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs comlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona
oxlornaIIy, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona inlornaIIy and oxlornaIIy. |312] Ho dvoIIs
conlompIaling llo originalion-naluro of plonomona, or lo dvoIIs comlompIaling llo vanisling-naluro of
plonomona, or lo dvoIIs conlompIaling llo originalion-and-vanisling-naluro of plonomona. Or lis mindfuInoss is
oslabIislod: ''lloro aro plonomona'', jusl as far as for a moasuro of knovIodgo, for a moasuro of mindfuInoss. Ho
dvoIIs indopondonl, and lo is nol allaclod lo anylling in llo vorId. Tlus, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a
plonomonon among plonomona, among llo sovon faclors of avakoning.
And furllormoro, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo four
nobIo lrulls. And lov, monks, doos a monk dvoII conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona, among llo
four nobIo lrulls` Horo, monks, a monk undorslands according lo roaIily
5
: ''llis is sufforing'', lo undorslands
according lo roaIily: ''llis is llo origin of sufforing'', lo undorslands according lo roaIily: ''llis is llo cossalion of
sufforing'', lo undorslands according lo roaIily: ''llis is llo pall Ioading lo llo cossalion of sufforing''.
And vlal (|cicmc), monks, is llo nobIo lrull of sufforing` Birll is sufforing, oId ago is sufforing, iIInoss is
sufforing, and (pi) doall is sufforing, sorrov, Iamonlalion, pain, griof, and dospair loo (pi) aro sufforing, aIso, vlicl
lo is dosiring
6
(llal) lo doos nol oblain,
7
llal loo is sufforing, in briof llo fivo groups of allaclmonl aro sufforing (D
II 3O5,5) ...
(D II 3O8,1) And vlal, monks, is llo nobIo lrull of llo origin of sufforing` Tlis craving vlicl is Ioading lo
again-oxislonco
8
... llal is, craving for sonsuaIily, craving for oxislonco, craving for non-oxislonco (D II 3O8,5) ...
(D II 31O,4) And vlal, monks, is llo nobIo lrull of llo cossalion of sufforing` Wlicl
9
is llo romaindorIoss
fading avay and cossalion, llo abandoning, llo roIinquislmonl, llo frooing, llo non-cIinging lo llal vory (qctc)
craving (D II 31O,7) ...
(D II 311,28) And vlal, monks, is llo nobIo lrull of llo pall Ioading lo llo cossalion of sufforing` }usl llis
nobIo oigllfoId pall, llal is, rigll viov, rigll inlonlion, rigll spoocl, rigll aclion, rigll IivoIilood, rigll offorl, rigll
mindfuInoss, rigll conconlralion.

1
I.o., objocls.
2
D|cmmc, loro rofors lo llings knovabIo by llo mind.
3
Sciiscm|cjj|cngcm, is a lappurisa compound (scm|cjj|cngcm) villin a kammadlraya, Iil. 'llo faclor of avakoning vlicl is mindfuInoss'.
4
Ior llo grammalicaI undorslanding of scnicm (t) cjj|ciicm sciiscm|cjj|cngcm soo nolo abovo porlaining lo llo fivo lindrancos.
5
Yci|||icm, advorb.
6
I.o., llal vlicl lo dosiros. |cc|cm, prosonl parlicipIo.
7
I.o., lo doos nol oblain vlal lo dosiros.
8
1cn| pcnc||cti|, Iil. 'again-oxislonco craving', pcnc||cti| boing an adjoclivo lo icn|.
9
I.o., llal vlicl.
69
And vlal, monks, is rigll viov` Wlal (qcm), monks, is llo knovIodgo aboul sufforing
1
, llo knovIodgo
aboul llo originalion of sufforing, llo knovIodgo aboul llo cossalion of sufforing, (and) llo knovIodgo aboul llo
pall Ioading lo llo cossalion of sufforing, llis, monks, is caIIod rigll viov.
And vlal, monks, is rigll inlonlion` Tlo inlonlion of ronuncialion, llo inlonlion of non-iII-viII, llo
inlonlion of non-cruoIly, llis, monks, is caIIod rigll inlonlion.
And vlal, monks, is rigll spoocl` Tlo abslonlion from faIso spoocl, llo abslonlion from maIicious spoocl,
llo abslonlion from larsl spoocl, llo abslonlion from frivoIous clallor
2
, llis monks, is caIIod rigll spoocl.
|313] And vlal, monks, is rigll aclion` Tlo abslonlion from llo kiIIing of Iiving boings, llo abslonlion from
llo laking of llo ungivon, llo abslonlion from vrong conducl vill roforonco lo sonsuaI pIoasuros, llis, monks, is
caIIod rigll aclion.
And vlal, monks, is rigll IivoIilood` Horo, monks, a nobIo discipIo, laving abandonod vrong IivoIilood,
makos (|cppcii) a Iiving llrougl rigll IivoIilood, llis, monks, is caIIod rigll IivoIilood.
And vlal, monks, is rigll offorl` Horo, monks, a monk producos dosiro, makos an offorl (tqcmcii), inilialos
onorgy, appIios llo mind, (and) slrivos (pc!c|cii) for llo non-arising of unarison, bad, unvloIosomo slalos. Ho
producos dosiro, makos an offorl, inilialos onorgy, appIios llo mind, (and) slrivos for llo abandoning of arison, bad,
unvloIosomo slalos. Ho producos dosiro, makos an offorl, inilialos onorgy, appIios llo mind, (and) slrivos for llo
arising of unarison, vloIosomo slalos. Ho producos dosiro, makos an offorl, inilialos onorgy, appIios llo mind, (and)
slrivos for llo porsislonco, non-docay, moro-slalo, abundanco, dovoIopmonl, (and) fuIfiImonl of arison, vloIosomo
slalos. Tlis, monks, is caIIod rigll offorl.
3

And vlal, monks, is rigll mindfuInoss` Horo, monks, a monk dvoIIs conlompIaling a body in llo body,
onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, mindfuI, laving oIiminalod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo
vorId, among fooIings ... olc ... in llo mind ... olc ... lo dvoIIs conlompIaling a plonomonon among plonomona,
onorgolic, cIoarIy comprolonding, mindfuI, laving oIiminalod covolousnoss and dojoclion vill roforonco lo llo
vorId. Tlis, monks, is caIIod rigll mindfuInoss.
4

And vlal, monks, is rigll conconlralion` Horo, monks, a monk, laving bocomo compIoloIy (ctc) soparalod
from sonsuaIily, laving bocomo soparalod from unvloIsomo slalos, laving onlorod, dvoIIs in llo firsl jlna, vlicl
las iniliaI appIicalion, suslainod appIicalion, and joy and lappinoss born of soparalion. Duo lo llo caIming
5
of
iniliaI appIicalion and suslainod appIicalion, laving onlorod, lo dvoIIs in llo socond jlna, vlicl is inlornaIIy
sorono, vlicl is a slalo of unificalion of mind, vlicl is villoul iniliaI appIicalion, vlicl is villoul suslainod
appIicalion, (and) vlicl las joy and lappinoss born of conconlralion. Duo lo llo fading of joy, lo dvoIIs
oquanimous, mindfuI and cIoarIy comprolonding, and lo oxporioncos lappinoss vill llo body, (and) laving
onlorod, lo dvoIIs in llo llird jlna, llal aboul vlicl
6
llo nobIo onos docIaro: ''Tlo oquanimous and mindfuI ono
las a lappy abiding.'' Duo lo llo abandonmonl of lappinoss and duo lo llo abandonmonl of sufforing, (and) duo
lo llo provious passing avay of joy and dojoclion, laving onlorod, lo dvoIIs in llo fourll jlana, vlicl is villoul
sufforing, vlicl is villoul lappinoss, (and) vlicl las purily of mindfuInoss by oquanimily
7
. Tlis, monks, is caIIod
rigll conconlralion.
8

Tlis, monks, is caIIod llo nobIo lrull of llo pall Ioading lo llo cossalion of sufforing. (D II 313,27)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 278,9-14) and (D I 118,2-4)

Exercise 28

Passage 1 (D II 122,1-129,35 + 134,19-136,24)

Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving drossod al llo limo of morning, laving lakon bovI and robo, onlorod VosI
for aIms, (and) laving vaIkod for aIms in VosI, rolurnod from aImsround
9
aflor llo moaI
1O
, (and) laving Iookod al

1
Iocalivo of roforonco.
2
Scmp|cppc|p. Tlis compound can bo undorslood in sovoraI vays. Il couId bo rogardod as a dvanda compound, '(from) frivoIily and
clallor/nonsonso', or as a lappurisa compound, '(from) llo nonsonso of frivoIily', or as a kammadlraya, vlicl is lov I lavo road il.
3
Soo aIso CDB p.17O9.
4
Soo aIso CDB p.1627.
5
Vpcscm, abIalivo of causo.
6
Ycn icm, palionl of ci|||cnii, 'docIaro'.
7
Upc||sciiprisu!!|im = upc|| + scii + prisu!!|im. Tlis compound can bo doconslruclod in sovoraI vays. Ono aIlornalivo lransIalion vouId
bo 'purily of oquanimily and mindfuInoss'.
8
Soo aIso CDB p.1762.
9
Pin]cpicpcii|cnic = pin]cpic + pcii|cnic ('rolurnod', pasl parlicipIo), balibbli compound slruclurod Iiko a lappurisa, agrooing vill 8|cgct.
1O
Pccc|||ciicm, sooms lo bo an advorb lo pin]cpicpcii||cnic.
70
(cpc|c|cit) VosI vill llo oIoplanl Iook
1
, lo addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Tlis, nanda, viII bo llo
Tallgala's Iasl
2
sooing of VosI. Iol us go, nanda, Iol us approacl
3
Blandagma.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'',
VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill a Iargo group of monks,
approaclod Blandagma. Tloro llo BIossod Ono dvoIl in Blandagma.
Tloro llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-
ponolralion of four llings, llus indood (ctc) llis Iong limo las boon lranscircuIalod, lransmigralod, by mo and by
you
4
. Of vlicl four` Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-ponolralion of nobIo virluo, llus indood
llis Iong limo las boon lranscircuIalod, lransmigralod, by mo and by you. Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo
lo llo non-ponolralion of nobIo conconlralion, llus indood llis Iong limo las boon lranscircuIalod, lransmigralod,
by mo and by you. Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-ponolralion of nobIo visdom, llus indood
llis Iong limo las boon lranscircuIalod, lransmigralod, by mo and by you. Monks, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo
lo llo non-ponolralion of nobIo Iiboralion, llus indood llis Iong limo las boon lranscircuIalod, lransmigralod, by mo
and by you. Will roforonco lo llis, monks, nobIo virluo las boon avakonod lo, las boon ponolralod, nobIo
conconlralion las boon avakonod lo, las boon ponolralod, nobIo visdom las boon avakonod lo, las boon
ponolralod, nobIo Iiboralion las boon avakonod lo, las boon ponolralod, craving for oxislonco las boon anniliIalod,
|323] llo conduil lo oxislonco las boon oxlauslod, nov lloro is no again-oxislonco.'' Tlo BIossod Ono said llis, (and)
llo WoII-gono laving said llis, llo Toaclor llon furllor said llis:

''Virluo, conconlralion, visdom, and unsurpassod Iiboralion
5
,
Tloso llings lavo boon avakonod lo by llo famous Golama.

Tlus llo Buddla, laving diroclIy knovn
6
(il), docIarod llo Dlamma lo llo monks,
Tlo ond-makor of sufforing, llo loaclor, llo soor, las bocomo oxlincl
7
.''

AIso lloro llo BIossod Ono, dvoIIing in Blandagma, oflon indood gavo (|crcii) llis Dlamma laIk
8
lo llo
monks: ''Tlus is virluo, llus is conconlralion, llus is visdom, conconlralion suppIiod vill virluo las groal-fruil,
groal-bonofil, visdom suppIiod vill conconlralion las groal-fruil, groal-bonofil, llo mind suppIiod vill visdom is
ovon (ctc) rigllIy frood from llo oulfIovings, llal is, from llo oulfIoving of sonsuaIily, from llo oulfIoving of
oxislonco, from llo oulfIoving of viovs, from llo oulfIoving of ignoranco.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono laving dvoIl as-dosirod
9
in Blandagma, addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Iol us go
nanda, Iol us approacl Hallligma ... olc ... Ambagma ... }ambugma ... Bloganagara.'' (Saying) ''yos, VonorabIo
Sir'', VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill a Iargo group of monks,
approaclod Bloganagara.
Tloro, in Bloganagara, llo BIossod Ono dvoIl al llo nanda Slrino. Tloro llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo
monks: ''Monks, I viII loacl you lloso
1O
four groal slandards
11
, Iislon lo il, allond voII, I viII spoak.'' Saying ''yos,
VonorabIo Sir'', lloso monks consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlo BIossod Ono said llis: ''Horo, monks, a monk migll
say llis (ctcm): 'Tlal, friond, las boon loard by mo in llo prosonco of llo BIossod Ono, rocoivod in (lis) prosonco:
''Tlis is Dlamma, llis is Vinaya, llis is llo Toaclor's disponsalion'',' monks, llo slalomonl
12
of llal monk slouId
nol bo doIigllod in, slouId nol bo crilicizod. Nol laving doIigllod, nol laving crilicizod, (bul) laving voII Ioarnod
13

lloso vords and oxprossions, (lloy) slouId bo clockod in llo loxl, roviovod in llo discipIino. If lloy, boing clockod
in llo loxl, boing roviovod in llo discipIino
14
, noillor lavo a pIaco
15
in llo loxl nor aro soon in llo discipIino, loro a
concIusion slouId bo arrivod al
16
: 'SuroIy, llis is nol llo spoocl of llal BIossod Ono, and il las boon badIy graspod
by llis monk
17
', llus, monks, voriIy (|i) llis you slouId rojocl. (Bul) if lloy, boing clockod in llo loxl, boing

1
Ngpc|c|iicm = ngc ('oIoplanl') + cpc|c|iicm ('Iook'). Apc|c|iicm is a noulor noun according lo DI and llus loro is a noun in apposilion lo
||cgct and lloroforo parl of llo agonl. Nolo lov llo rool cpc-|c| occurs in boll llo sonlonco vorb and in llo agonl.
2
Pccc|imc|cm, sooms lo moan mucl llo samo as pccc|imcm.
3
Upcscn|cmissmc, fuluro lonso usod lo oxpross dolorminalion or docision, soo Wardor p.55.
4
Mcmc c'ctc ium||c cc, agonl gonilivo, soo Wardor p.57.
5
I road cnuiicr as an adjoclivo quaIifying timuiii. AIlornalivoIy il couId quaIify aII four nouns, soo Wardor pp.6O-61.
6
A||iqc, foIIoving CDB.
7
I.o., las allainod llo oxlinclion of dofiIomonls, soo Com.
8
Ior llis oxprossion soo nolos lo oxorciso 24, al llo ond of passago 1.
9
Yci|||ircnicm, pasl parlicipIo funclioning as advorb lo ti|criit.
1O
Mc slouId road 'mc = imc, llo aposlroplo is missing in Wardor's loxl.
11
Mc|pc!csc, Iil. 'groal pIacos'.
12
8|siicm, pasl parlicipIo usod as noun.
13
Uggc|cit, Iil. 'laving (voII) graspod'.
14
Oiriqcmnni and scn!issiqcmnni aro passivo causalivo prosonl parlicipIos.
15
Oicrcii, loro aclivo. Soo DI for moaning.
16
Gcnic||cm, Iil. 'slouId bo gono lo', soo ILD.
17
|mcssc ||i|||unc, subjoclivo gonilivo.
71
roviovod in llo discipIino, do (ctc) lavo a pIaco in llo loxl and aro soon in llo discipIino, loro a concIusion
slouId bo arrivod al: |324] 'SuroIy, llis is llo spoocl of llal BIossod Ono, and il las boon voII graspod by llis
monk.' Monks, you slouId romombor llis firsl groal slandard. Bul loro, monks, a monk migll say llis: 'In a
dvoIIing namod sucl and sucl (cmu|csmim) a group (of monks) dvoIIs vill oIdors, vill Ioadors
1
. (Tlis) las boon
loard by mo in llo prosonco of llal group, rocoivod in (ils) prosonco: ''Tlis is Dlamma, llis is Vinaya (D II 124,23) ...
(D II 125,1) 'SuroIy llis is llo spoocl of llal BIossod Ono, and il las boon voII graspod by llal group.' Monks, you
slouId romombor llis socond groal slandard. Bul loro, monks, a monk migll say llis: 'In a dvoIIing namod sucl
and sucl many sonior monks dvoII vlo aro Ioarnod
2
, vlo lavo maslorod llo lradilion
3
, vlo aro momorizors of llo
Dlamma, vlo aro momorizors of llo Vinaya, vlo aro momorizors of llo malrix
4
. (Tlis) las boon loard by mo in
llo prosonco of lloso soniors, rocoivod in (lloir) prosonco: ''Tlis is Dlamma, llis is Vinaya (D II 125,9) ... (D II 125,22)
Monks, you slouId romombor llis llird groal slandard. Bul loro, monks, a monk migll say llis: 'In a dvoIIing
namod sucl and sucl ono sonior monks dvoIIs vlo is Ioarnod, vlo las maslorod llo lradilion, vlo is a momorizor
of llo Dlamma, vlo is a momorizor of llo Vinaya, vlo is momorizor of llo malrix. (Tlis) las boon loard by mo in
llo prosonco of llal sonior (monk), rocoivod in (lis) prosonco: ''Tlis is Dlamma, llis is Vinaya (D II 125,27) ... (D II 126,2)
Monks, you slouId romombor llis fourll groal slandard
5
.'' ''Monks, you slouId romombor lloso four groal
slandards.'' (D II 126,5) ...
(D II 126,14) Tlon llo BIossod Ono laving dvoIl in Bloganagara as-dosirod, addrossod VonorabIo nanda:
''Iol us go, nanda, Iol us approacl Iv. Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod
Ono. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill a Iargo group of monks, approaclod Iv. Tloro, in Iv, llo BIossod
Ono dvoIl in llo mango grovo of Cunda llo son of a smill. (And) Cunda llo son of a smill loard: ''Tloy say (|irc)
llo BIossod Ono las arrivod al Iv (and) lo dvoIIs in Iv in my mango grovo.'' Tlon Cunda llo son of a smill
approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, lo sal dovn lo ono sido
6
.
(And) llo BIossod Ono inslruclod, inspirod, gIaddonod, and doIigllod Cunda llo son of a smill, vlo vas soalod lo
ono sido, vill Dlamma laIk. Tlon Cunda llo son of a smill, inslruclod, inspirod, gIaddonod, and doIigllod vill
Dlamma laIk by llo BIossod Ono, said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, Iol llo BIossod Ono consonl lo a moaI
by mo for lomorrov logollor vill llo group of monks.'' Tlo BIossod Ono consonlod llrougl llo slalo of siIonco.
Tlon Cunda llo son of a smill, |325] laving undorslood llo consonl of llo BIossod Ono, laving arison from llo soal,
laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving mado rovoronco, Iofl. Tlon Cunda llo son of a smill, aflor llo passing of
llal nigll, laving causod doIicious non-slapIo (and) slapIo food lo bo proparod in lis ovn louso, incIuding (cc)
mucl londor pork
7
, causod llo limo lo bo announcod lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, il is limo, llo moaI is
roady
8
.'' Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving drossod al llo limo of morning, laving lakon bovI and robo, approaclod
llo louso of Cunda llo son of a smill logollor vill llo group of monks, (and) laving approaclod, lo sal dovn on
llo proparod soal, (and) laving sal dovn llo BIossod Ono addrossod Cunda llo son of a smill: ''Cunda, vlicl
londor pork las boon proparod by you
9
, vill llal sorvo
1O
mo, bul vlicl ollor non-slapIo (and) slapIo food las boon
proparod, vill llal sorvo llo group of monks.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', Cunda llo son of a smill, laving
consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, vlicl vas llo proparod londor pork, vill llal lo sorvod llo BIossod Ono, bul vlicl
ollor non-slapIo (and) slapIo food lad boon proparod, vill llal lo sorvod llo group of monks. Tlon llo BIossod
Ono addrossod Cunda llo son of a smill: ''Cunda, vlicl is your Ioflovor londor pork, bury llal in a pil, Cunda, I
do nol soo anyono
11
, in llo vorId vill gods
12
, vill Mra, vill bralmas, in llo gonoralion (pcjqc) vill ascolics and
bralmins
13
, vill (ils) kings and poopIo
14
, for vlom llal food
15
vouId bo proporIy digoslod
16
oxcopl for llo
Tallgala.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', Cunda llo son of a smill, laving assonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, vlicl vas
llo Ioflovor londor pork, laving burriod llal in a pil, approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod,

1
Scpmc|||c. Nolo llo singuIar forms of scii|crc and scpmc|||c lo agroo vill scng|c, bul I lako llo moaning lo bo pIuraI.
2
8c|ussui, Iil. 'vlo lavo loard mucl'.
3
gcigcm = gcic ('como'/'Ioarnl'/'maslorod') + gcmc ('lradilion').
4
Mii|c!|cr. Mii|c may rofor lo llo Piimc|||c, soo inlroduclion lo llo Kanklvilaran.
5
Il is nol cIoar lo mo vly lloro is a ii loro vlon llo Buddla conlinuos lo spoak in llo noxl sonlonco.
6
Tloro sooms lo bo a punclualion fauIl loro in Wardor's book and llo ITS odilion. SuroIy a fuII slop is roquirod as llo subjocl of llo sonlonco
clangos.
7
S|crcmc!!ctc, llo oxacl moaning of llis compound las boon mucl dobalod.
8
In offocl lvo soparalo sonloncos.
9
I.o. 'llal londor pork vlicl ...', llis is nol a quoslion bul rallor llo lypicaI IaIi vay of slarling a sonlonco vill a roIalivo cIauso.
1O
Pcritisc, imporalivo.
11
1cm, Iil. 'lim'.
12
Sc!ctc|c, llo -|c onding probabIy signifios a lransformalion from noun lo adjoclivo. Il is singuIar lo agroo vill 'vorId' bul may sliII rofor lo
many gods.
13
Nolo llo fominino |r|mcniq loro lo agroo vill pcjqc. Il sooms pcjqc loro is a roforonco lo llo prcscni gonoralion.
14
Soo ILD.
15
Pcri||uiicm, Iil. 'llo oalon', is pasl parlicipIo and loro sooms lo bo usod as a noun, soo Wardor p.41.
16
Scmmpcrinmcm gccc|cqqc, Iil. 'vouId go lo porfocl digoslion'.
72
laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, lo sal dovn lo ono sido.
1
Tlo BIossod Ono, laving inslruclod, laving inspirod,
laving gIaddonod, and laving doIigllod Cunda llo son of a smill, vlo vas soalod lo ono sido, vill Dlamma laIk,
laving arison from llo soal, Iofl.
Tlon a larsl iIInoss occurrod lo llo BIossod Ono vlo lad oalon
2
llo moaI of Cunda llo son of a smill, (and)
bIoody dysonlry (and) vioIonl fooIings bordoring on doall procoodod. Tlo BIossod Ono, mindfuI (and) cIoarIy
comprolonding, ondurod
3
llom (i) villoul boing dislrossod. Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda:
''Iol us go, nanda, Iol us approacl Kusinr.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda assonlod lo llo
BIossod Ono. (D II 128,5) ...
(D II 128,14) Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving doscondod from llo pall, approaclod a corlain rool of a lroo
4
, (and)
laving approaclod, lo addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Horo, nanda, you proparo a fourfoId
5
oulor robo for mo, I
am lirod nanda, I viII sil dovn
6
.'' |326] Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda, laving assonlod lo llo
BIossod Ono, proparod a fourfoId oulor robo. Tlo BIossod Ono sal dovn on llo proparod soal, (and) laving sal
dovn llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Horo, nanda, you folcl drinking-valor
7
for mo, I am llirsly,
nanda, I viII drink.'' Wlon llis (ctcm) lad boon said, VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Nov
(i!ni), VonorabIo Sir, an amounl (mciic) of fivo lundrod carls
8
lavo passod ovor, (and) llal IillIo valor, vlicl las
boon cul by llo vlooIs, fIovs slirrod up and muddy
9
. VonorabIo Sir, llis rivor, Kakulll, nol far avay, las cIoar
valor, las svool valor, las cooI valor, is cIoar, las good boaclos, is doIigllfuI. Horo llo BIossod Ono may drink
1O

drinking-valor and mako llo Iimbs cooI
11
.'' AIso a socond limo llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda:
''Horo, nanda, you folcl drinking-valor for mo (D II 129,5) ... (D II 129,13) and mako llo Iimbs cooI.'' AIso a llird limo
llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Horo, nanda, you folcl drinking-valor for mo, I am llirsly
nanda, I viII drink.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo Ananda, laving assonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, laving
lakon a bovI, approaclod llal slroam
12
. Tlon llal fIoving (scn!cmn) slroam, vlicl lad boon cul by vlooIs,
vlicl vas smaII, slirrod-up, (and) muddy, vlon VonorabIo nanda vas approacling,
13
fIovod
14
brigll, vory cIoar,
(and) un-muddy
15
. Tlon VonorabIo nanda llougll llis: ''Indood (tcic) il is vondorfuI Sir, indood il is romarkabIo
Sir, llo groal povorfuInoss
16
, llo groal migllinoss of llo Tallgala. Ior loro
17
llal fIoving slroam, vlicl lad boon
cul by vlooIs, vlicl is smaII, slirrod-up, (and) muddy, vlon I am approacling,
18
fIovs brigll, vory cIoar, (and) un-
muddy.'' Having lakon drinking-valor vill llo bovI, lo approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod,
lo said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''VonorabIo Sir, il is vondorfuI, VonorabIo Sir, il is romarkabIo, llo groal
povorfuInoss (and) llo groal migllinoss of llo Tallgala. Nov, VonorabIo Sir, llal fIoving slroam, vlicl lad boon
cul by vlooIs, vlicl is smaII, slirrod-up, (and) muddy, vlon I vas approacling,
19
il fIovod brigll, vory cIoar, (and)
un-muddy. Iol llo BIossod Ono drink llo drinking-valor, Iol llo WoII-gono drink llo drinking-valor.'' Tlon llo
BIossod Ono drank llo drinking-valor. (D II 129,35)



(D II 134,19) Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill llo Iargo group of monks, approaclod llo rivor Kakulll,
(and) laving approaclod, laving pIungod inlo llo Kakulll rivor, laving ballod, laving drunk, and laving como
(back) oul, lo approaclod llo mango grovo, (and) laving approaclod, lo addrossod VonorabIo Cundaka: ''Horo,
Cundaka, you proparo a fourfoId oulor robo for mo, I am lirod Cundaka, I viII Iio dovn.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo

1
Again, il sooms llal a fuII slop is roquirod loro - conlrary lo Wardor's loxl - as llo subjocl of llo sonlonco clangos.
2
8|uiitissc, parl parlicipIo aclivo, soo Wardor p.275.
3
A!|itscsi, lransIalod as 'accoplod' abovo.
4
I.o., llo fool of a lroo, ru|||cm|cm.
5
I.o., foIdod lvico, cciugguncm.
6
Again, fuluro of docision, Wardor p.55.
7
Pnqc. In IaIi lloro aro a numbor of vords for valor. Horo il can bo nolod llal u!c|c moans valor in gonoraI, vloroas pnqc spocificaIIy
rofors lo drinking valor - dorivod from pnc, 'drink'. Pcri||cjcnqc rofors lo valor for vasling - dorivod from pcri||ujcii, 'lo uso'.
8
Iil. 'a fivo lundrod carl amounl', lloro is no gonilivo in llo IaIi.
9
Iu|iicm ti|cm. Tlo lransIalion loro may givo llo improssion llal lloso aro advorbs bul lloy aro probabIy adjoclivos quaIifying u!c|cm,
'valor', Iil. 'valor vlicl is slirrod up and muddy'. Soo paraIIoI conslruclion boIov.
1O
Pitisscii (and immodialoIy foIIoving, |crisscii), Iil. 'viII drink'.
11
Kcrisscii loro sooms lo lako lvo objocls gciini and siicm soo Wardor p.18. AIlornalivoIy, siicm couId bo rogardod as an advorb.
12
Nc!i|, Iil. 'smaII rivor'.
13
Iocalivo absoIulo.
14
Scn!iii|c, aorisl of middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315.
15
Acc| tippcscnn cnti|, adjoclivos quaIifying nc!i|, llo subjocl of llo vorb scn!cii, 'fIovs'.
16
Mc|i!!|i|ci = mc| + i!!|i, llon adding llo suffix -|c vlicl convorls a noun lo an adjoclivo, finaIIy adding llo suffix -i vlicl makos llo
adjoclivo inlo an abslracl noun. Soo Wardor pp.187 and 252-253.
17
Aqcm, roading il as an indocIinabIo.
18
Iocalivo absoIulo.
19
Mcqi upcscn|cmcnic, Iocalivo absoIulo vill a prosonl parlicipIo vorb. Nolo llal I loro lransIalo using llo pasl lonso, lo agroo vill scn!iii|c
(aorisl), vloroas abovo I lransIalo llo oxacl samo plraso in llo prosonl lonso lo agroo vill scn!cii (prosonl lonso).
73
Sir'', VonorabIo Cundaka laving assonlod lo llo BIossod Ono, |327] proparod a fourfoId oulor robo. Tlon llo
BIossod Ono arrangod a bod Iiko a Iion
1
on llo rigll sido
2
, laving pul fool on fool, mindfuI (and) cIoarIy
comprolonding, laving allondod lo llo porcoplion of rising up. Bul VonorabIo Cundaka sal dovn jusl lloro in fronl
of llo BIossod Ono. (D II 135,2)
(D II 135,17) Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Il migll bo, nanda, (llal) somoono migll
causo
3
romorso for Cunda llo son of a smill: 'Iriond Cunda il is iII-gainod for you
4
, il is badIy gainod for you, (llal)
llo Tallgala laving oalon your aImsfood Iasl
5
, bocamo oxlincl.' nanda, llo romorso of Cunda llo son of a smill
slouId bo dispoIIod llus: 'Iriond, il is a gain for you, il is voII-gainod for you, (llal) llo Tallgala laving oalon llo
your aImsfood Iasl, bocamo oxlincl. Tlis (icm), friond Cunda, las boon loard by mo in llo prosonco of llo BIossod
Ono, las boon rocoivod in (lis) prosonco: ''Tloso lvo (givings of) aImsfoods, vlicl lavo llo vory samo
6
fruil, vlicl
lavo llo vory samo rosuIl, lavo vory mucl (ciitiqc) moro groal fruil, moro groal bonofil,
7
llan ollor aImsfoods
8
.
Wlicl lvo` Tlo aImsfood, laving oalon vlicl (qc) llo Tallgala avakons lo llo unsurpassod porfocl avakoning,
and llo aImsfood, laving oalon vlicl, llo Tallgala bocomos oxlincl in llo romaindorIoss Nibbna-oIomonl. Tloso
lvo aImsfoods, vlicl lavo llo vory samo fruil, vlicl lavo llo vory samo rosuIl, lavo vory mucl moro groal fruil,
moro groal bonofil, llan ollor aImsfoods. An aclion Ioading lo Iong Iifo
9
las boon accumuIalod by VonorabIo
Cunda
1O
llo son of a smill, an aclion Ioading lo good Iooks las boon accumuIalod by VonorabIo Cunda llo son of a
smill, an aclion Ioading lo lappinoss las boon accumuIalod by VonorabIo Cunda llo son of a smill, an aclion
Ioading lo famo las boon accumuIalod by VonorabIo Cunda llo son of a smill, an aclion Ioading lo loavon las boon
accumuIalod by VonorabIo Cunda llo son of a smill, an aclion Ioading lo povor las boon accumuIalod by
VonorabIo Cunda llo son of a smill''.' nanda, llo romorso of Cunda llo son of a smill slouId bo dispoIIod llus.''
Tlon llo BIossod, Ono laving undorslood llis mallor, on llal occasion ullorod llis inspirod ulloranco
11
:

Ior ono giving
12
moril incroasos, for llo soIf-conlroIIod animosily accumuIalos nol,
And llo vloIosomo ono abandons oviI, duo lo llo oxlauslion of passion and angor, lo
13
is oxlinguislod. (D
II 136,24)

Passage 2 (D III 221,23 - 222,3)

Tlo four basos for spiriluaI povor
14
. Horo, friond, a monk dovoIops llo basis for spiriluaI povor ondovod
vill conconlralion duo lo dosiro and voIilionaI formalions of slriving
15
. |328] Ho dovoIops llo basis for spiriluaI
povor ondovod vill conconlralion duo lo mind and voIilionaI formalions of slriving. Ho dovoIops llo basis for
spiriluaI povor ondovod vill conconlralion duo lo onorgy and voIilionaI formalions of slriving. Ho dovoIops llo
basis for spiriluaI povor ondovod vill conconlralion duo lo invosligalion and voIilionaI formalions of slriving.

Passage 3 (D III 278,16-18)

Tlo fivo facuIlios. Tlo facuIly of faill, llo facuIly of onorgy, llo facuIly of mindfuInoss, llo facuIly of
conconlralion, llo facuIly of visdom.

Passage 4 (D III 229,16-17)


1
S|cscqqcm. I road il as a kammadlraya compound oxprossing comparison, cf. Wardor pp.1O8-1O9.
2
Dc|||incnc pcsscnc, llis sooms lo bo a caso of vlal Wardor caIIs inslrumonlaI of 'mannor', i.o. llo mannor of Iying dovn, soo p.45.
3
Upc!c|cqqc, soo ILD.
4
Dalivo of disadvanlago. 1cssc and qcssc simpIy soom lo sorvo lo omplasiso ic, 'you', Iil. 'of llal you', 'of vlicl you'.
5
Tlis lransIalion givos llo improssion llal pccc|imcm, 'Iasl', is an advorb, vlon il acluaIIy is an adjoclivo lo pin]cpicm, Iil. 'laving oalon llo
Iasl aImsfood of you'.
6
Scmcscmc, probabIy ropoalod lo omplasizo llo oquaIily.
7
Comparalivos in -icrc, soo Wardor p.123f.
8
Ac|i pin]cpic|i, abIalivo of comparison.
9
qu, soo DI.
1O
Nolo loro lov qcsm, 'VonorabIo', is usod for a Iay-porson.
11
|mcm u!ncm u!ncsi. Anollor oxampIo of a IaIi vorb laking as objocl a noun dorivod from llo samo rool, Iil. 'lo ullorod an ulloranco'.
12
Dc!cic, prosonl parlicipIo dalivo.
13
Sc, an aIlornalivo form of sc, soo Wardor p.28.
14
|!!|ip!c = i!!|i ('spiriluaI povor') + p!c ('basis').
15
C|cn!cscm!|ipc!|ncscn||rcscmcnngcicm = c|cn!c ('dosiro') + scm!|i ('conconlralion') + pc!|nc ('slriving') + scn||rc ('voIilionaI
formalion') + scmcnngcicm ('ondovod vill'). IoIIoving CDB, p.1939 nolo 246, I road llo compound as lvo lappurisa compounds
(c|cn!cscm!|i + pc!|ncscn||rc) forming a dvanda compound villin a lappurisa compound (... scmcnngcicm), llo vloIo compound boing a
balubbli funclioning as an adjoclivo lo i!!|ip!cm.
74
Tlo four slronglls. Tlo slrongll of onorgy, llo slrongll of mindfuInoss, llo slrongll of conconlralion, llo
slrongll of visdom.

Passage 5 (D III 253,6-8)

Tlo sovon slronglls. Tlo slrongll of faill, llo slrongll of onorgy, llo slrongll of slamo, llo slrongll of foar
of vrongdoing
1
, llo slrongll of mindfuInoss, llo slrongll of conconlralion, llo slrongll of visdom.

Passage 6 (D I 62,24 - 63,18)

Horo, groal king, a Tallgala arisos in llo vorId, an aralanl, a fuIIy avakonod Buddla, ondovod vill lruo
knovIodgo and conducl, voII-gono, a knovor of llo vorIds,
2
an unsurpassod clarioloor of lrainabIo mon,
3
a loaclor
of gods and lumans,
4
an avakonod ono, a BIossod Ono. Ho makos knovn llis vorId, vill gods,
5
vill Mra, vill
bralms, vill llo gonoralion of ascolics and bralmins,
6
vill poopIo and kings, laving limsoIf diroclIy knovn (il),
laving roaIisod (il). Ho loaclos llo Dlamma vlicl is boaulifuI in llo boginning, vlicl is boaulifuI in llo middIo,
vlicl is boaulifuI in llo ond, vill moaning, vill plrasing,
7
lo rovoaIs llo onliroIy porfoclod (and) purifiod loIy-
Iifo.
A lousoloIdor, llo son of a lousoloIdor, or ono roborn in a corlain cIan loars llal Dlamma. Ho, laving
loard llal Dlamma, gains faill in llo Tallgala. Ho, ondovod vill llal acquisilion of faill, rofIocls llus: ''Iiving
in a louso is confinod, a pall of dusl, llo going forll is opon
8
. Il (i!cm) is nol oasy by ono inlabiling
9
a louso lo
pracliso llo loIy-Iifo fuIIy porfoclod, fuIIy purifiod, poIislod-as-a-sloII
1O
. Wlal nov if I, laving slavod off lair and
board, laving pul on llo brovn robos
11
, slouId go forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss`'' Ho, aflor somo limo, laving
abandonod a smaII coIIoclion of possossions or laving abandonod a Iargo coIIoclion of possossions, laving
abandonod a smaII circIo of roIalivos or laving abandonod a Iargo circIo of roIalivos, laving slavod off lair and
board, laving pul on brovn robos, goos forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss.
Having llus gono forll, lo dvoIIs roslrainod by llo rolrainl of llo Ilimokkla, ondovod vill conducl and
rango
12
, sooing dangor in llo sIigllosl fauIls
13
, (and) laving undorlakon (llom) lo lrains in llo lraining ruIos, lo is
ondovod vill aclion of body and aclion of spoocl
14
vlicl is vloIosomo
15
, lo las a purifiod IivoIilood,
16
lo is
ondovod vill virluo, lo las guardod doors vill roforonco lo llo sonsos,
17
lo is ondovod vill mindfuInoss and
cIoar comprolonsion, lo is conlonlod.
18


Passage 7 (D I 25O,32 - 251,21)

Ho dvoIIs, laving porvadod ono diroclion vill a mind clargod vill Ioving-kindnoss, so llo socond, so llo
llird, so llo fourll. Tlus lo dvoIIs laving porvadod up, dovn, across, ovoryvloro, vill non-discriminalion,
19
llo
vloIo vorId, vill a mind clargod vill Ioving-kindnoss, abundanl, oIovalod, immoasurabIo, villoul lalrod,

1
Oiicppc, soo CDB.
2
Ic|cti!. Ic|c is loro usuaIIy considorod lo rofor lo llo sonsuaI roaIm, llo form roaIm, and llo formIoss roaIm. Tlus llo pIuraI, 'knovor of llo
vorIds', is roquirod.
3
Purisc!cmmcsrci|i = purisc ('mon') + !cmmc ('lamabIo'/'lrainabIo') + srci|i ('clarioloor'), is a kammadlraya compound (purisc!cmmc)
villin a lappurisa, llo compound as a vloIo boing a balubbli quaIifying Tallgala. Nolo llal llo normaI ordor of a kammadlraya
(adjoclivo llon noun) loro is rovorsod as somolimos lappons in balubbli compounds, soo Wardor p.138.
4
Dctcmcnussncm, gonilivo pIuraI. Il is nol immodialoIy obvious vlicl vord llis gonilivo roIalos lo. According lo normaI usago il slouId
roIalo lo llo vord il foIIovs (soo Wardor p.56), i.o. |u!!|c. Bul loro llo accoplod inlorprolalion is llal il roIalos lo scii|.
5
Sc!ctc|cm = sc- ('vill') + !ctc ('god') + -|c vlicl clangos llo noun inlo an adjoclivo, Iil. 'llo vill-god(s) (vorId)'.
6
Iil. 'vill llo ascolic-and-bralmin gonoralion'. I lransIalo llo adjoclivo using 'of', aIllougl lloro is no gonilivo in llo IaIi.
7
Iivo balubbli compounds quaIifying !|cmmc. Soo Wardor p.137 for balubbli compounds boginning vill sc-.
8
A|||c|sc pc||cjj, lvo nouns in apposilion, ono mascuIino, ono fominino. Tloy lavo lo bo llo samo caso and llo moaning is llal ono noun 'is'
llo ollor, 'llo going forll is opon'. Cf. Wardor pp.1O8 and 117.
9
Ajj|tcsci, prosonl parlicipIo inslrumonlaI.
1O
Scn||c|i||iicm = scn||c + |i||iicm, a balibbli compound oxprossing a molaplor, soo Wardor p.155.
11
Vcii|ni, Iil. 'cIollos'.
12
Gcccrc. Tlis rofors lo llo propor 'rango' for a monk, i.o. vloro lo 'langs oul'. Tlo idoaI rango is llo four sciipcii|ns.
13
Anumciicsu tcjjcsu, Iil. 'in fauIls vlicl lavo a smaII moasuro'.
14
Tvo lappurisa compounds villin a dvanda compound, llo vloIo conslruclion boing singuIar.
15
Nolo llal llo adjoclivo |usc|cnc comos aflor llo noun il quaIifios, I lloroforo lransIalo '... vlicl is ...', soo Wardor p.61.
16
Pcrisu!!|jtc, balubbli compound vill kammadlraya slrucluro.
17
I.o., lis sonsos aro guardod.
18
A Iong slring of adjoclivos, in llo form of balibbli compounds, llal I lavo profixod vill 'lo las/is' lo mako llo connoclion lo llo ono 'gono
forll' abovo moro cIoar.
19
Sc||ciiciqc = sc||c + ciiciqc, 'lo aII as lo onosoIf' (soo Vism. 3O8), kammadlraya compound oxprossing a comparison (cf. Wardor p.1O9).
75
villoul maIovoIonco. }usl as, Vsollla, a slrong conclbIovor vill bul (ctc) IillIo difficuIly migll inform
1
llo four
diroclions,
2
llus, Vsollla, vlon llo Iiboralion of mind llrougl Ioving-kindnoss is dovoIopod,
3
vlal (qcm) aclion is
Iimilod
4
, llal doos nol romain lloro, llal is nol Iofl ovor lloro. AIso, llis, Vsollla, is llo pall for associalion vill
Bralm
5
. And furllormoro, Vsollla, a monk (dvoIIs laving porvadod ono diroclion) vill a mind clargod vill
compassion ... olc ... vill a mind clargod vill sympallolic joy ... olc ... lo dvoIIs, laving porvadod ono diroclion
vill a mind clargod vill oquanimily ... llus, Vsollla, vlon llo Iiboralion of mind llrougl oquanimily is
dovoIopod, vlal aclion is Iimilod, llal doos nol romain lloro, llal is nol Iofl ovor lloro. AIso llis, Vsollla, is llo
pall for associalion vill Bralm.

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (Vin I 1O,1O-23) and (D I 53,24-33) and (D I 55,14-25 + 29-31)

Exercise 29

Passage 1 (D II 137,1-18 + 14O,11-141,11 + 148,28-156,34)

(D II 137,1) Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Iol us go, nanda, Iol us approacl llo
furllor sloro of llo rivor Hiraaval, (and) llo Kusinr-Ipavallana sIa
6
grovo of llo MaIIas.'' Saying ''yos,
VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono, logollor vill a Iargo group of monks, approaclod llo furllor sloro of llo rivor
Hiraaval, (and) llo Kusinr-Ipavallana sIa grovo of llo MaIIas, (and) laving approaclod, lo addrossod
VonorabIo nanda: ''Horo, nanda, you proparo a norll-loadod
7
bod for mo bolvoon llo lvin sIa lroos
8
, I am lirod
nanda, I viII Iio dovn.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo nanda, laving consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono,
proparod a norll-loadod bod bolvoon llo lvin sIa lroos. Tlon llo BIossod Ono, mindfuI, cIoarIy comprolonding,
arrangod a bod Iiko a Iion
9
on llo rigll sido, laving pul fool on fool. (D II 137,18)



(D II 14O,11) ''IormorIy, VonorabIo Sir, monks, vlo lad sponl
1O
llo rains in llo rogions
11
, camo for llo purposo
of sooing
12
llo Tallgala, (and) vo oblainod accoss
13
for llo purposo of sooing,
14
vo oblainod accoss for llo purposo
of lonouring
15
lloso (ic) monks vorlly of osloom
16
. Bul, VonorabIo Sir, aflor llo passing avay of llo BIossod Ono
17

vo viII nol oblain accoss for llo purposo of sooing, vo viII nol oblain accoss for llo purposo of lonouring monks
vorlly of osloom.'' ''nanda, lloro aro lloso four boaulifuI, inspiring pIacos for a cIansman vlo las faill
18
. Wlicl
four` 'Horo llo Tallgala vas born', nanda, is a boaulifuI, inspiring pIaco for a cIansman vlo las faill. 'Horo llo
Tallgala avakonod lo llo unsurpassod supromo avakoning', nanda, is a boaulifuI, inspiring pIaco for a
cIansman vlo las faill. 'Horo llo unsurpassod vlooI of llo Dlamma vas sol roIIing by llo Tallgala', nanda, is
a boaulifuI, inspiring pIaco for a cIansman vlo las faill. 'Horo llo Tallgala bocamo oxlincl in llo romaindorIoss
19

Nibbna oIomonl', nanda, is a boaulifuI, inspiring pIaco for a cIansman vill faill. nanda, lloso aro llo four
boaulifuI, inspiring pIacos for a cIansman vill faill. |340] nanda, faillfuI monks and nuns, maIo Iay-foIIovors and
fomaIo Iay-foIIovors, viII como: 'loro llo Tallgala vas born', aIso 'loro llo Tallgala avakonod lo llo

1
Vipcqqc, Iil. 'migll causo lo discorn'.
2
IrosumabIy llo concl bIovor is convoying a mossago.
3
I road il as a Iocalivo absoIulo.
4
Pcmnc|cicm, Iil. 'Iimilmado'.
5
8rc|mncm sc|ctqciqc. Wardor says llal sc|ctqciqc lakos llo gonilivo bul llal is cIoarIy nol llo caso loro, |rc|mncm is accusalivo. Tlo
accusalivo caso can bo accounlod for if llo proposilion 'vill' is rogardod as impIiod by sc|ctqciqc.
6
SIa is a lypo of lroo.
7
Uiicrcssc|cm = uiicrc ('norll') + ssc|cm ('loadod'). Ssc|cm is llo adjoclivo vorsion of ssc, 'load'. Il is a balubbli compound quaIifying
mccc|cm, moaning a bod vloso load poinls lo llo norll.
8
Anicrcnc, 'bolvoon', lakos llo gonilivo, soo Wardor p.58.
9
S|cscqqcm = s|c + scqqc, kammadlraya compound usod for comparison, cf. Wardor pp.1O8-1O9.
1O
Vuii|. I lako llo moaning lo bo pasl porfocl, llus 'lad'.
11
Dissu. Tlo moaning sooms lo bo 'in various rogions avay from llo Buddla'.
12
Dcsscnqc, dalivo of purposo.
13
Ic||mc, 'accoss' or 'pormission' sooms lo bo undorslood, soo ILD.
14
Or simpIy 'vo gol lo soo'. And furllor on 'vo gol lo lonour'.
15
Soo ILD.
16
Mcnc||tcniq, Iil. 'lo bo cuIlivalod in llo mind', i.o. monks llal slouId bo llougll liglIy of. Soo aIso CDB p.1O43, nolo 2.
17
8|cgctcic ... ccccqcnc, soo Wardor p.45.
18
Sc!!|, adjoclivo.
19
Anup!iscsqc, I foIIov CDB, soo p.1913 nolo 118.
76
unsurpassod supromo avakoning', aIso 'loro llo unsurpassod vlooI of llo Dlamma vas sol roIIing by llo
Tallgala', aIso 'loro llo Tallgala bocamo oxlincl in llo romaindorIoss Nibbna oIomonl'. Ior vloovor slouId dio
1
,
Ananda, (vliIo) vandoring vill a mind of faill
2
(on) a lour of slrinos, aII lloso, from llo broaking up
3
of llo body,
aflor doall, viII ariso in a good doslinalion, a loavon vorId. (D II 141,11)



(D II 148,28) Nov al llal limo a vandoror namod Subladda
4
dvoIl in Kusinr. Tlo vandoror Subladda
loard: ''Indood, llis vory day,
5
in llo Iasl valcl of llo nigll, viII bo llo finaI oxlinclion of llo ascolic Golama.''
Tlon llo vandoror Subladda llougll llis: ''Nov vliIo llo vandorors vlo aro oId, oIdors, loaclors' loaclors
6
voro
spoaking
7
, llis vas loard by mo: 'Irom limo lo limo (|c! ci |crc|c ci) Tallgalas vlo aro aralanls, fuIIy avakonod
Buddlas, ariso in llo vorId.' And loday, in llo Iasl valcl of llo nigll, viII bo llo finaI oxlinclion of llo ascolic
Golama. And I lavo llis monlaI slalo of doubl vlicl las arison, (bul) I lavo sucl confidonco in llo ascolic Golama:
'Tlo ascolic Golama is abIo lo so (ici|) loacl mo llo Dlamma, llal (qci|) I migll abandon llis monlaI slalo of
doubl.' ''
Tlon llo vandoror Subladda approaclod llo Ipavallana sIa grovo of llo MaIIas (and llon) VonorabIo
nanda, (and) laving approaclod, said llis lo llo VonorabIo nanda: ''Sir nanda, vliIo llo vandorors (vlo aro
oId, oIdors, loaclors' loaclors voro spoaking), llis vas loard by mo (D II 149,14) ... (D II 149,21) llal I migll abandon
llis monlaI slalo of doubl. Sir nanda, may I
8
oblain accoss for llo purposo of sooing llo ascolic Golama.'' Wlon
llis lad boon said, VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo vandoror Subladda: ''Lnougl, friond Subladda, do nol
lroubIo llo Tallgala. Tlo BIossod Ono is lirod.'' AIso a socond limo llo vandoror Subladda ... olc ... AIso a llird
limo llo vandoror Subladda (D II 149,28) ... (D II 15O,7) AIso a llird limo VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo vandoror
Subladda: ''Lnougl, friond Subladda, do nol lroubIo llo Tallgala. Tlo BIossod Ono is lirod.'' Tlo BIossod Ono
loard llis convorsalion
9
of VonorabIo nanda vill llo vandoror Subladda. Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo
VonorabIo nanda: ''Lnougl, nanda, do nol slop Subladda, nanda, Iol Subladda oblain accoss
1O
for llo purposo
of sooing llo Tallgala. |341] Wlalovor Subladda viII ask mo, aII llal lo viII ask Ionging onIy (tc) for knovIodgo
11
,
nol Ionging lo lroubIo (mo), and vlal I, (vlon) askod, viII oxpIain lo lim
12
, llal lo viII grasp vory (ctc) quickIy.''
Tlon VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo vandoror Subladda: ''Go, friond Subladda, llo BIossod Ono makos an
opporlunily for you.''
Tlon llo vandoror Subladda approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving approaclod, oxclangod groolings
vill llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving mado pIoasanl, agrooabIo laIk, lo sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido, llo
vandoror Subladda said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Tloso
13
ascolics and bralmins, Sir Golama, vlo (qc) lavo groups
(of foIIovors), vlo lavo crovds, vlo aro loaclors of crovds, vlo aro knovn, vlo aro famous, vlo aro ford-
makors,
14
and vlo aro considorod (scmmci) as sainls (s!|u) by llo many-foIk
15
, lo vil, Irana Kassapa, MakklaIi
GosIa, Ajila KosakambaI, Iakudla Kaccyana, Sajaya BoIalllipulla, Niganlla Nllapulla, did aII lloso, in
accordanco vill lloir ovn cIaim,
16
knov diroclIy,
17
did aII nol knov diroclIy, did somo knov diroclIy (and) somo
nol knov diroclIy`'' ''Lnougl, Subladda. Iol llis bo
18
: 'did aII lloso, in accordanco vill lloir ovn cIaim, knov
diroclIy, did aII nol knov diroclIy, or did somo knov diroclIy (and) somo nol knov diroclIy`' Subladda, I viII loacl
you llo Dlamma, Iislon lo il, allond voII, I viII spoak.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', llo vandoror Subladda
consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono. Tlo BIossod Ono said llis: ''Subladda, in vlicl Dlamma and discipIino llo nobIo
oigllfoId pall is nol oblainod
19
, aIso llo (firsl) ascolic
1
is nol oblainod lloro, aIso llo socond ascolic is nol oblainod

1
Iuluro lonso in oplalivo sonso, soo Wardor pp.295 and 333.
2
Pcscnncciii, balubbli compound quaIifying qc (|i) |c ci, '(for) vloovor'. Horo I uso 'vill' (in 'vill a mind of faill') lo croalo an adjoclivaI
oxprossion, nol as a lransIalion of llo inslrumonlaI.
3
8|c!. Nolo llo abIalivo oxprossing llo poinl from vlicl a 'molion' bogins. Soo Wardor p.88.
4
Wlon lransIaling a namo il sooms proforabIo lo uso llo slom form as lloro is no dislinclion in LngIisl bolvoon llo casos.
5
Ajj'ctc = cjjc ('loday') + ctc, inlonsifior.
6
Tlroo adjoclivos quaIifying 'vandorors' by boing prodicalod of il, soo Wardor p.61.
7
I road llis plraso as a gonilivo absoIulo.
8
St|cm = sc + c|cm, omplalic 'I', soo Wardor p.216.
9
Kci|sc||pc, soo DI.
1O
Ic||cicm, 3rd porson singuIar imporalivo of llo middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315.
11
Apc||c = c + cpc||c ('oxpoclalion'/'Ionging'). Tappurisa compound in apposilion lo llo agonl 'lo'.
12
Assc, dalivo.
13
Mc, junclion form of imc.
14
I.o., lloy loIp boings cross scmsrc olc.
15
I.o., by many or mosl poopIo, |c|ujcncssc, agonl gonilivo.
16
Sc|qc pciiqc, probabIy abIalivo.
17
A|||ccmsu, llird porson pIuraI aorisl of c||ijnii.
18
1iii|ci'cicm, for llis idiomalic uso of iiii|cii soo Wardor p.35.
19
Upc|c|||cii, passivo.
77
lloro, aIso llo llird ascolic is nol oblainod lloro, aIso llo fourll ascolic is nol oblainod lloro. Bul (cc), Subladda,
in vlicl Dlamma and discipIino llo nobIo oigllfoId pall is oblainod, aIso llo (firsl) ascolic is oblainod lloro, aIso
llo socond ascolic is oblainod lloro, aIso llo llird ascolic is oblainod lloro, aIso llo fourll ascolic is oblainod lloro.
In llis Dlamma and discipIino, Subladda, llo nobIo oigllfoId pall is oblainod, |342] jusl (ctc) loro, Subladda, is
llo ascolic, loro is llo socond ascolic, loro is llo llird ascolic, loro is llo fourll ascolic. Tlo doclrinos of ollors
2
aro
omply of ascolics
3
, and, Subladda, slouId lloso
4
monks dvoII rigllIy, llo vorId vouId bo non-omply of aralanls.

Tvonly-nino (yoars) vill ago, Subladda,
Wlon (qcm) I vonl forll, sooking vlal is vloIosomo
5
.
Moro llan fifly yoars
Sinco I vonl forll, Subladda,
Lngagod in llo rango
6
of llo Dlamma mollod
7
.
Oulsido of loro
8
lloro is no (firsl) ascolic.

AIso (pi) lloro is no socond ascolic, aIso lloro is no llird ascolic, aIso lloro is no fourll ascolic. Tlo doclrinos of
ollors aro omply of ascolics, and, Subladda, slouId lloso monks dvoII rigllIy, llo vorId vouId nol bo omply of
aralanls.
Wlon llis lad boon said, llo vandoror Subladda said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''LxcoIIonl VonorabIo Sir,
oxcoIIonl VonorabIo Sir. Il is as if, VonorabIo Sir, ono slouId sol uprigll llo ovorlurnod, slouId discIoso llo liddon,
slouId doscribo llo pall lo llo Iosl, or slouId loId an oiI Iamp in llo dark llinking: 'lloso vlo lavo oyos viII soo
forms', jusl so llo Dlamma las boon slovn
9
in many vays
1O
by llo BIossod Ono. VonorabIo Sir, I
11
go for rofugo lo
llo BIossod Ono, lo llo Dlamma and lo llo sangla of monks. May I oblain llo going forll in llo prosonco of llo
BIossod Ono, may I oblain llo fuII ordinalion.'' ''Subladda, ono proviousIy from anollor socl, vlo dosiros llo
going forll in llis Dlamma and discipIino, vlo dosiros llo fuII ordinalion, lo musl Iivo on probalion
12
for four
monlls. Aflor llo passago of four monlls, monks vlo lavo salisfiod minds viII causo (you) lo go forll, viII causo
(you) lo fuIIy ordain
13
inlo llo slalo of a monk. NovorlloIoss, in llis caso a dislinclion of porsons is knovn by mo.
14
''
''If, VonorabIo Sir, lloso formorIy of anollor socl,
15
dosiring llo going forll in llis Dlamma and discipIino,
dosiring llo fuII ordinalion, musl Iivo on probalion for four monlls, (and) aflor llo passago of four monlls, monks
vlo lavo salisfiod minds viII causo (llom) lo go forll, viII causo (llom) lo fuIIy ordain inlo llo slalo of monks,
(llon) I viII Iivo on probablion for four yoars, (and) aflor llo passago of four yoars Iol llo monks vlo lavo salisfiod
minds causo (mo) lo go forll, causo (mo) lo fuIIy ordain inlo llo slalo of a monk.'' Tlon llo Bossod Ono addrossod
llo VonorabIo nanda: ''Nov, nanda, you
16
causo Subladda lo go forll.'' Saying ''yos, VonorabIo Sir'', VonorabIo
nanda consonlod lo llo BIossod Ono.
|343] ''Tlon llo vandoror Subladda said llis lo VonorabIo nanda: ''Iriond nanda, il is gain
17
for you
18
,
friond nanda, il is voII-gainod by you, vlo loro faco lo faco vill llo loaclor
19
lavo boon consocralod vill llo
appronlico-consocralion
2O
.'' Tlo vandoror Subladda gainod
21
llo going forll in llo prosonco of llo BIossod Ono, lo
gainod llo fuII ordinalion. (Boing) roconlIy (ccirc) ordainod, VonorabIo Subladda vas dvoIIing aIono, socIudod,
diIigonl, onorgolic, rosoIulo
22
. Soon (nc circss'ctc), lo dvoIl, laving onlorod upon, laving roaIizod, laving limsoIf

1
Tlo firsl ascolic is a roforonco lo llo scipcnnc, llo ollor llroo lo llo sc|c!gm, cngm, and llo crc|cni rospoclivoIy.
2
Boll pcrc and cc moan 'ollors', ono of llom boing rodundanl in LngIisl.
3
Iil. 'omply vill', su roquiros llo inslrumonlaI (cf. SCIN para. 85c).
4
|mc, sooms lo bo a roforonco lo llo Buddlisl monks, conlraslod vill llo ascolics of ollor socls.
5
Kim|usc|nuscs, adjoclivo quaIifying c|cm, 'I'. Tlo firsl porson singuIar is impIiod by llo vorb, pc||cjim.
6
Pc!csctcii = pc!csc ('rango') + tcii ('ongagod in'), soo ILD. Il is a balubbli compound quaIifying c|cm, 'I'.
7
qcssc !|cmmcssc. I lako lloso as lvo nouns in apposilion quaIifying oacl ollor, 'llo mollod vlicl is llo Dlamma'. Tlo ovoraII moaning,
apparonlIy, is llal sinco lo vonl forll llo Buddla las boon concornod onIy vill Dlamma.
8
Iil. 'oulsido from loro'.
9
Pc|siic, causalivo pasl parlicipIo.
1O
Anc|cpcriqqcnc, Iil. 'llrougl many coursos', inslrumonlaI of mannor, soo Wardor p.45.
11
|s|cm = csc/csc + c|cm.
12
Pcritcscii. Irosonl lonso usod for immodialo fuluro vill imporalivo sonso, soo Wardor p.12. Il may bo llal llo prosonl lonso is usod loro duo
lo 'allraclion' lo |cn||cii, soo Wardor p.87 bollom.
13
Pc||jcnii and upcscmp!cnii, causalivos. Horo llo prosonl lonso is usod lo donolo a fixod fuluro limo 'vlon', soo Wardor p.13.
14
I.o., lo lad quaIilios llal vouId aIIov llo four monll probalion poriod lo bo vaivod.
15
Aciiii|iqcpu||, noun, llus 'thnse formorIy ...'.
16
IIuraI. Tlo Buddla is spoaking lo vonorabIo nanda bul is, il sooms, roforring lo llo sangla.
17
I||. I road il as an advorb. AIlornalivoIy il couId bo a nominalivo pIuraI 'gains', llus says llo Com.
18
Vc. Nolo llo pIuraI.
19
Scii|r, inslrumonlaI, soo Wardor p.21O.
2O
I.o., bocomo a foIIovor of llo Buddla.
21
A|cii|c, aorisl of |c||cii.
22
Pc|iiciic, foIIoving CDB. Il sooms il slouId bo rogardod as a compound, pc|iic + cii, Iil. 'soIf-oxorlod'.
78
(scqcm) diroclIy knovn in llis vory Iifo (!iii|c tc !|cmmc) llal unsurpassod goaI (pcriqcsncm) of llo loIy-Iifo for
vlicl purposo famiIy-sons rigllIy go forll from lomo lo lomoIossnoss, (and) lo diroclIy knov (c|||csi): ''Birll
las boon oxlauslod, llo loIy-Iifo las boon Iivod, vlal slouId bo dono
1
las boon dono, lloro is no furllor for llis
slalo of boing
2
.'' And VonorabIo Subladda vas ono (ccicrc) of llo aralanls
3
. Ho vas llo Iasl porsonaI discipIo of
llo BIossod Ono.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod VonorabIo nanda: ''Il migll bo, nanda, (llal) you vouId llink llus: 'llo
loacling (ptcccncm) las a loaclor of llo pasl
4
, vo lavo no loaclor.' Bul nanda llis slouId nol bo soon llus.
nanda, vlicl Dlamma and discipIino las boon laugll, las boon aullorisod lo you by mo, llal is your loaclor
aflor my passing avay. And (pcnc) nanda, as monks nov spoak lo ono anollor (ccmccm) llrougl llo
slalomonl of friond
5
, by you il slouId nol bo spokon llus aflor my passing avay. nanda, by a moro sonior monk a
moro junior monk slouId bo spokon lo by namo, by cIan, or by llo slalomonl of friond, by a moro junior monk a
moro sonior monk slouId bo spokon lo (vill) '||cnic' or 'vonorabIo'. Dosiring,
6
nanda, Iol llo sangla aboIisl llo
smaII and minor lraining ruIos aflor my passing avay. Aflor my passing avay, nanda, llo liglosl punislmonl
(|rc|mc!cn]c) slouId bo imposod on
7
llo monk Clanna
8
.'' ''Wlal, VonorabIo Sir, is llo liglosl punislmonl`''
''Tlo monk Clanna, nanda, vlal
9
lo migll dosiro, llal lo may spoak,
1O
(bul) lo slouId nol bo spokon lo, slouId
nol bo admonislod, slouId nol bo inslruclod by llo monks.''
Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Nov, monks, ono monk
11
migll lavo doubl or porpIoxily
concorning llo Buddla, llo dlamma, llo sangla, llo pall, or llo vay. Ask monks. Bo nol
12
rogrolfuI
13
Ialor,
llinking: 'llo Toaclor vas in our prosonco
14
, (and) vo voro nol abIo
15
lo ask in llo prosonco (of) llo BIossod Ono'.''
Wlon llis lad boon said lloso monks voro siIonl. AIso for a socond limo llo BIossod Ono ... AIso for a llird limo
llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Nov, monks, ono monk migll lavo doubl or porpIoxily |344] concorning
llo Buddla, llo dlamma, llo sangla, llo pall, or llo vay. Ask monks. Bo nol rogrolfuI Ialor, llinking: 'llo Toaclor
vas in our prosonco, (and) vo voro nol abIo lo ask in llo prosonco (of) llo BIossod Ono'.'' AIso for a llird limo
lloso monks voro siIonl. Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''Nov il migll bo, monks, (llal) you do nol
ask
16
duo lo
17
rospocl for llo Toaclor. Iol a friond, monks, inform a friond
18
.'' Wlon llis lad boon said lloso monks
voro siIonl.
Tlon VonorabIo nanda said llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Il is surprising VonorabIo Sir, il is marvoIIous
VonorabIo Sir. VonorabIo Sir, I am confidonl in llis sangla of monks llus: 'nol ono monk las doubl or porpIoxily
concorning llo Buddla, llo dlamma, llo sangla, llo pall, or llo vay'.'' ''nanda, you spoak from confidonco.
(Bul) loro, nanda, llo Tallgala las knovIodgo: 'Tloro is nol in llis sangla of monks,
19
nol ono monk las doubl
or porpIoxily concorning llo Buddla, llo dlamma, llo sangla, llo pall, or llo vay.' Ior, nanda, of lloso fivo
lundrod monks, vlo is llo Iasl monk,
2O
lo is a slroam-onloror, nol subjocl lo ruin, corlain, doslinod for
21

avakoning.'' Tlon llo BIossod Ono addrossod llo monks: ''WoII nov, monks, I addross
22
you: 'Iormalions
(scn||r) aro subjocl lo docay (tcqc), slrivo on
23
vill diIigonco'.'' Tlis vas llo Iasl spoocl of llo Tallgala.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono allainod llo firsl jlna. Having arison from llo firsl jlna, lo allainod llo socond
jlna. Having arison from llo socond jlna, lo allainod llo llird jlna. Having arison from llo llird jlna, lo

1
Or 'llo vork', or 'llo duly'.
2
|ii|ciiqc, foIIoving CDB.
3
Arc|cicm, gonilivo pIuraI.
4
I.o., a loacling vill a doad loaclor. Scii|u|c is an adjoclivo, 'laving a loaclor'.
5
I.o., by caIIing oacl ollor 'friond'.
6
I.o., if il dosiros.
7
Kic||c, Iil. 'slouId bo dono (lo)'.
8
Dalivo of disadvanlago.
9
Ycm, llo sonso loro is 'vlalovor'.
1O
Il sooms lo moan somolling Iiko 'nanda, rogardIoss of vlal llo monk Clanna says ...'.
11
||c||i|||ussc, digu compound, soo Wardor p.274.
12
M ... c|utcii|c, m usuaIIy lakos llo aorisl, soo Wardor p.31. A|utcii|c is llo aorisl socond porson pIuraI of llo vorbaI rool |u, soo Wardor
p.26.
13
Vippciisrinc, possossivo adjoclivo in -in, nominalivo mascuIino pIuraI. Soo Wardor p.122.
14
Iil. 'vas boing (||ic) in llo prosonco of us'.
15
I.o., vo did nol lako llo opporlunily.
16
Pucc|cqqi|c, oplalivo, bul cannol lransIalo as sucl. In llo IaIi boll llo vorb of llo subordinalo cIauso and llo main cIauso lond lo bo in llo
samo lonso llrougl 'allraclion', soo Wardor pp.87-88.
17
InslrumonlaI of causo, soo Wardor p.44.
18
Sc|qc|cssc. rccciu lakos llo dalivo, soo Wardor p.68.
19
Tlis firsl plraso may soom a bil slrango. Il may simpIy bo a roaffirmalion of vlal Von. nanda aIroady is confidonl aboul, i.o. 'lloro is no
(sucl) monk in llis sangla ...'.
2O
Iasl in llo sonso of Ioasl dovoIopod spiriluaIIy.
21
Pcrqcnc, soo ILD.
22
mcnicqmi = mcnicmi, llo suffix -cqc- is oquivaIonl lo -c-, soo Wardor p.21.
23
Scmp!ci|c, soo ILD.
79
allainod llo fourll jlna. Having arison from llo fourll jlna, lo allainod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco
1
.
Having arison from llo allainmonl of llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco, lo allainod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss
of consciousnoss
2
. Having arison from llo allainmonl of llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss, lo allainod
llo sploro of nollingnoss. Having arison from llo allainmonl of llo sploro of nollingnoss, lo allainod llo sploro
of noillor-porcoplion-nor-non-porcoplion. Having arison from llo allainmonl of llo sploro of noillor-porcoplion-
nor-non-porcoplion, lo allainod llo cossalion of porcoplion and oxporionco.
Tlon VonorabIo nanda said llis lo VonorabIo Anuruddla: ''VonorabIo Anuruddla, llo BIossod Ono las
bocomo oxlincl.'' ''Iriond nanda, llo BIossod Ono las nol bocomo oxlincl, lo las allainod llo cossalion of
porcoplion and oxporionco.'' Tlon llo BIossod Ono, laving arison from llo allainmonl of llo cossalion of porcoplion
and oxporionco, allainod llo sploro of noillor-porcoplion-nor-non-porcoplion. Having arison from llo allainmonl of
llo sploro of noillor-porcoplion-nor-non-porcoplion, lo allainod llo sploro of nollingnoss. Having arison from llo
allainmonl of llo sploro of nollingnoss, lo allainod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss. Having arison
from llo allainmonl of llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss, |345] lo allainod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss
of spaco. Having arison from llo allainmonl of llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco, lo allainod llo fourll jlna.
Having arison from llo fourll jlna, lo allainod llo llird jlna. Having arison from llo llird jlna, lo allainod llo
socond jlna. Having arison from llo socond jlna, lo allainod llo firsl jlna. Having arison from llo firsl jlna, lo
allainod llo socond jlna. Having arison from llo socond jlna, lo allainod llo llird jlna. Having arison from llo
llird jlna, lo allainod llo fourll jlna. Having arison from llo fourll jlna, llo BIossod Ono immodialoIy bocamo
oxlincl.

Passage 2
3
(D II 55,1-58,28 + 62,3-64,2 + 68,4-71,29)

(D II 55,1) Tlis las boon loard by mo. Al ono limo llo BIossod Ono vas dvoIIing among llo Kurus. Tloro is a
lovn of llo Kurus caIIod Kammssadlamma.
4
Tlon VonorabIo nanda approaclod llo BIossod Ono, (and) laving
approaclod, laving bovod lo llo BIossod Ono, lo sal dovn lo ono sido. Soalod lo ono sido, VonorabIo nanda said
llis lo llo BIossod Ono: ''Il is surprising VonorabIo Sir, il is marvoIIous VonorabIo Sir, lo vlal oxlonl (qtc) llis
dopondonl originalion, VonorabIo Sir, is profound and appoars profound (gcm||rtc||sc). SliII lo mo il sooms
roaIIy slaIIov
5
.'' ''Do nol say llus nanda. Do nol say llus nanda. Tlis dopondonl originalion, nanda, is
profound and appoars profound. nanda, duo lo llo non-avakoning lo, duo lo llo non-ponolralion of llis loacling
(!|cmmc), llus llis gonoralion, vlicl is Iiko a langIod skoin, vlicl is Iiko a knollod baII of llroad, vlicl is Iiko
(mallod) ruslos and coarso grass,
6
doos nol oscapo misory, a bad doslinalion, ruin, llo round of birlls and doalls.
'Is oId ago and doall from a spocific condilion
7
`' By ono boing askod llus, nanda, il slouId bo said
8
: 'Il is'.
'Irom vlal
9
condilion is lloro oId ago and doall`' If lo slouId spoak llus, il slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo
condilion of birll lloro is oId ago and doall'. 'Is birll from a spocific condilion`' By ono boing askod llus, nanda,
il slouId bo said: 'Il is'. 'Irom vlal condilion is lloro birll`' If lo slouId spoak llus, il slouId bo spokon llus:
'Irom llo condilion of oxislonco lloro is birll'. 'Is oxislonco from a spocific condilion`' By ono boing askod llus ... il
slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo condilion of allaclmonl lloro is oxislonco'. 'Is allaclmonl from a spocific
condilion`' By ono boing askod llus ... il slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo condilion of craving lloro is allaclmonl'.
'Is craving from a spocific condilion`' By ono boing askod llus ... il slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo condilion of
fooIing lloro is craving'. 'Is fooIing from a spocific condilion`' By ono boing askod llus ... il slouId bo spokon llus:
'Irom llo condilion of conlacl lloro is fooIing'. 'Is conlacl from a spocific condilion`' By ono boing askod llus ... il
slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is conlacl'. 'Is namo-and-form from a spocific
condilion`' |346] By ono boing askod llus, nanda, il slouId bo said: 'Il is'. 'Irom vlal condilion is namo-and-
form`' If lo slouId spoak llus, il slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo condilion of consciousnoss lloro is namo-and-
form'. 'Is consciousnoss from a spocific condilion`' By ono boing askod llus, nanda, il slouId bo said: 'Il is'. 'Irom
vlal condilion is consciousnoss`' If lo slouId spoak llus, il slouId bo spokon llus: 'Irom llo condilion of namo-
and-form lloro is consciousnoss'.

1
|snccqcicncm = |sc + cncnic + qcicncm, a llroo mombor lappurisa compound, laking cncnic as a noun, soo ILD.
2
Vinccqcicncm, sooms lo road 'llo sploro of Iimilodnoss of consciousnoss', bul soo oxpIanalion al Vism. pp.332-333. ApparonlIy sucl a
Ioss of syIIabIo is a plonomonon knovn as 'lapIoIogy'.
3
Soo Von. Blikklu Bodli's 'Tlo Groal Discourso on Causalion' for an aIlornalivo lransIalion of llis passago.
4
I foIIov llo punclualion al llo slarl of passago 2 in oxorciso 27.
5
Uiinc|uiinc|c, ropoalod for omplasis.
6
I lransIalo -jic and -||ic as 'Iiko', soo ILD.
7
|!cppccccq, abIalivo, foIIoving Von. Bodli's lransIalion.
8
Horo 'ssc tcccnqcm = cssc + tcccnqcm. I road cssc as an auxiIiary vorb, soo Wardor pp.233-238.
9
Nolo llal |im is nol in llo abIalivo caso and lloroforo doos nol quaIify pccccq, 'condilion'. Kim slouId loro probabIy bo rogardod as an
indocIinabIo llal simpIy makos llo sonlonco inlorrogalivo, soo Wardor p.74. AIlornalivoIy, llo vords slouId nol bo soparalod bul bo rogardod
as a kammadlraya compound, |impccccq, in vlicl caso |im slouId bo road as abIalivo aflor aII.
80
Tlus, nanda, consciousnoss is from llo condilion of namo-and-form, namo-and-form is from llo
condilion of consciousnoss, conlacl is from llo condilion of namo-and-form, fooIing is from llo condilion of conlacl,
craving is from llo condilion of fooIing, allaclmonl is from llo condilion of craving, oxislonco is from llo condilion
of allaclmonl, birll is from llo condilion of oxislonco, oId ago and doall is from llo condilion of birll, sorrov,
Iamonlalion, pain, dojoclion, and dospair originalo from llo condilion of oId ago and doall. Tlus is llo origin of llis
vloIo mass of sufforing.
'Irom llo condilion of birll lloro is oId ago and doall', llus llis vas said, nov (ic!), nanda, lov (qci|)
from llo condilion of birll lloro is oId ago and doall, llis slouId bo undorslood aIso in llis vay
1
:
2
Ior (tc |i),
nanda, if lloro voro
3
no birll, compIoloIy,
4
in aII vays,
5
of somoono,
6
vill roforonco lo anylling,
7
lo vil, of gods
lo llo god-slalo
8
, of minor gods (gcn!|c||c) lo llo minor-god-slalo, of spirils lo llo spiril-slalo, of boings lo llo
boing-slalo, of lumans lo llo luman-slalo, of four-foolod (croaluros) lo llo four-foolod-slalo, of birds lo llo bird-
slalo, or of snakos lo llo snako-slalo, for, nanda, if lloro voro no birll of vlalovor
9
croaluros (scii), if lloro voro
no birll lo llo sucl-slalo
1O
, vlon birll is compIoloIy non-oxisling,
11
duo lo llo cossalon of birll, vouId porlaps (cpi)
oId ago and doall bo discornod
12
`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Tloroforo, nanda, in llis caso (i|c), jusl (ctc)
llis is llo causo, llis is llo sourco, llis is llo origin, llis is llo condilion of oId ago and doall, llal is birll.'' (D II
57,17) ... (D II 57,2O) ''Ior, nanda, if lloro voro no oxislonco, compIoloIy, in aII vays, of somoono, vill roforonco lo
anylling, lo vil, sonsuaI oxislonco, maloriaI oxislonco, or immaloriaI oxislonco, vlon oxislonco is compIoloIy non-
oxisling, duo lo llo cossalion of oxislonco, vouId porlaps birll bo discornod`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.''
''Tloroforo, nanda, in llis caso, jusl llis is llo causo, llis is llo sourco, llis is llo origin, llis is llo condilion of
birll, llal is oxislonco.'' (D II 57,27) ... (D II 57,3O) ''Ior, nanda, if lloro voro no allaclmonl, compIoloIy, in aII vays, of
somoono, vill roforonco lo anylling, lo vil, allaclmonl lo sonsuaI pIoasuros, |347] allaclmonl lo (vrong) viovs,
allaclmonl lo ruIos and vovs
13
, or allaclmonl lo a doclrino of soIf,
14
vlon allaclmonl is compIoloIy non-oxisling,
duo lo llo cossalion of allaclmonl, vouId porlaps oxislonco bo discornod`'' ''No (D II 58,5) ... (D II 58,1O) ''Ior,
nanda, if lloro voro no craving, compIoloIy, in aII vays, of somoono, vill roforonco lo anylling, lo vil, craving
for (visibIo) forms, craving for sounds, craving for odours, craving for fIavours, craving for louclabIos, craving for
mind objocls, vlon craving is compIoloIy non-oxisling, from llo cossalion of craving, vouId porlaps allaclmonl bo
discornod`'' ''No (D II 58,16) ... (D II 58,2O) ''Ior, nanda, if lloro voro no fooIing, compIoloIy, in aII vays, of somoono,
vill roforonco lo anylling, lo vil, fooIing born of oyo-conlacl, fooIing born of oar-conlacl, fooIing born of noso-
conlacl, fooIing born of longuo-conlacl, fooIing born of body-conlacl, fooIing born of mind-conlacl, vlon fooIing is
compIoloIy non-oxisling, duo lo llo cossalion of fooIing, vouId porlaps craving bo discornod`'' ''No (D II 58,28) ...



(D II 62,3) ''Ior, nanda, if lloro voro no conlacl, compIoloIy, in aII vays, of somoono, vill roforonco lo
anylling, lo vil, oyo-conlacl, oar-conlacl, noso-conlacl, longuo-conlacl, body-conlacl, mind-conlacl, vlon conlacl is
compIoloIy non-oxisling, duo lo llo cossalion of conlacl, vouId porlaps fooIing bo discornod`'' ''No (D II 62,9) ...
(D II 62,12) '' 'Irom llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is conlacl', llus llis vas said, nov, nanda, lov
from llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is conlacl, llis slouId bo undorslood aIso in llis vay: nanda, by
vlicl foaluros, by vlicl claraclorislics, by vlicl signs, by vlicl doscriplions lloro is llo concopl of monlaI-body,
vlon lloso foaluros, lloso claraclorislics, lloso signs, lloso doscriplions aro non-oxisling,
15
vouId porlaps
dosignalion-conlacl bo discornod in llo maloriaI body`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''nanda, by vlicl
foaluros, by vlicl claraclorislics, by vlicl signs, by vlicl doscriplions lloro is llo concopl of maloriaI body,
vlon lloso foaluros, lloso claraclorislics, lloso signs, lloso doscriplions aro non-oxisling, vouId porlaps

1
|min ... pcriqqcnc, soo Wardor p.45.
2
A coIon sooms moro approprialo loro llan llo fuII slop in Wardor's loxl.
3
A||ctissc, condilionaI lonso, Wardor p.331.
4
Sc||cnc sc||cm, Wardor p.46.
5
Sc||ci| sc||cm, soo ILD.
6
I.o. 'if, of somoono, lloro voro no birll ...'
7
Or 'inlo anylling'. Ior |cssc ci and |im|i ci soo Wardor pp.85-86. Nolo llal |c/|cssc oflon aro porsonaI pronouns, vloroas |im/|im|i lond lo bo
imporsonaI.
8
Dctciiqc, abslracl dalivo noun formod from !ctc, Iil. 'lo godnoss', soo Wardor pp.252-253 and aIso ILD for a dofinilion.
9
1cscm icscm, dislribulivo moaning, soo Wardor p.171.
1O
1ci|ciiqc, abslraclion of ici|, i.o. llo slalos monlionod jusl boforo.
11
Iocalivo absoIulo. Ascii, nogalivo prosonl parlicipIo Iocalivo.
12
Pcqci|c. MiddIo conjugalion oplalivo lonso, passivo llird porson singuIar, soo Wardor p.315.
13
S|c||cic = s|c + tcic. In junclions vill -t-, vloro llo -t- vouId normaIIy doubIo lo -tt-, ono aIvays finds -||- insload, Wardor p.248.
14
Soo CDB p.726, nolo 5 for furllor commonls on llo four up!n.
15
Ascii. I assumo llis is anollor oxampIo of llo vorbaI roolcs in llo singuIar boing usod for llo pIuraI, soo Wardor pp.85 and 87. Tlo vloIo
oxprossion is a Iocalivo absoIulo.
81
impingomonl-conlacl
1
bo discornod in llo monlaI body`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''nanda, by vlicl
foaluros, by vlicl claraclorislics, by vlicl signs, by vlicl doscriplions lloro is llo concopl of monlaI body and of
maloriaI body, vlon lloso foaluros, lloso claraclorislics, lloso signs, lloso doscriplions aro non-oxisling, vouId
porlaps dosignalion-conlacl or impingomonl-conlacl bo discornod`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''nanda, by
vlicl foaluros, by vlicl claraclorislics, by vlicl signs, by vlicl doscriplions lloro is llo concopl of namo-and-
form, vlon lloso foaluros, lloso claraclorislics, lloso signs, lloso doscriplions aro non-oxisling, vouId porlaps
conlacl bo discornod`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Tloroforo, |348] nanda, in llis caso, jusl llis is llo causo,
llis llo sourco, llis llo origin, llis llo condilion of conlacl, llal is namo-and-form.
'Irom llo condilion of consciousnoss lloro is namo-and-form', llus llis vas said, nov, nanda, lov from
llo condilion of consciousnoss lloro is namo-and-form, llis slouId bo undorslood aIso in llis vay: Ior, nanda, if
consciousnoss voro nol lo doscond
2
lo llo vomb of llo mollor
3
, vouId porlaps namo-and-form dovoIop
(scmmucc|isscii) in llo vomb of llo mollor`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Ior, nanda, if consciousnoss,
laving doscondod lo llo vomb of llo mollor, voro lo pass avay, vouId porlaps namo-and-form bo producod for
llis vorId`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Ior, nanda, if llo consciousnoss of ovon an oxisling cliId voro cul
off, vlollor of a boy or of a girI, vouId porlaps namo-and-form como lo incroaso, grovll, (and) abundanco`''
''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Tloroforo, nanda, in llis caso, jusl llis is llo causo, llis llo sourco, llis llo
origin, llis llo condilion of namo-and-form, llal is consciousnoss.
'Irom llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is consciousnoss', llus llis vas said, nov, nanda, lov from
llo condilion of namo-and-form lloro is consciousnoss, llis slouId bo undorslood aIso in llis vay: Ior, nanda, if
consciousnoss voro nol lo gain supporl (pciiii|cm) in namo-and-form, vouId porlaps llo fuluro arising and
originalion of birll, oId ago, doall, and sufforing
4
bo discornod`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Tloroforo,
nanda, in llis caso, jusl llis is llo causo, llis llo sourco, llis llo origin, llis llo condilion of consciousnoss, llal is
namo-and-form. (Il is) lo llis oxlonl, nanda, (llal) ono migll bo born, ono migll ago, ono migll dio, ono migll faII
avay, ono migll roariso
5
, lo llis oxlonl lloro is a pall for dosignalion, lo llis oxlonl lloro is a pall for Ianguago, lo
llis oxlonl lloro is a pall for concopls, lo llis oxlonl lloro is scopo for visdom, lo llis oxlonl llo round (of robirlls)
roIIs on for llo manifoslalion (pcpcnqc) (of) llis vorId, llal is namo-and-form logollor vill consciousnoss.'' (D
II 64,2)



(D II 68,4) ''Wlon (qcic), nanda, a monk doos nol rogard fooIing as soIf
6
, and (pi) doos nol rogard llo soIf as
villoul fooIing, and lo doos nol rogard 'my soIf fooIs, for my soIf is subjocl lo fooIing', lo, llus non-rogarding, doos
nol allacl lo anylling in llo vorId,
7
nol allacling lo is nol agilalod
8
, boing non-agilalod lo bocomos inlornaIIy
oxlinguislod (and) lo undorslands: 'Birll las boon oxlauslod, llo loIy-Iifo las boon Iivod, vlal slouId bo dono
9

las boon dono, lloro is no furllor for llis vorId
1O
'. Wlo migll say llis (ctcm), nanda, concorning a monk
11
vloso
mind is llus Iiboralod: 'lo las sucl a viov: ''Tlo Tallgala oxisls aflor doall'',' llal is nol propor. ('Ho las sucl a
viov:) ''Tlo Tallgala oxisls nol ... '',' llal is nol propor. Wly is llal` As far as, nanda, |349] dosignalion, as far as
llo pall of dosignalion, as far as Ianguago, as far as llo pall of Ianguago, as far as concopls, as far as llo pall of
concopls, as far as visdom, as far as llo scopo of visdom, as far as llo round (of robirlls), as far as llo round (of
robirlls) roIIs on, laving diroclIy knovn llal (ic!), llo monk is Iiboralod, llo idoa
12
: 'lis
13
viov is: ''laving diroclIy
knovn llal, a Iiboralod monk doos nol knov (and) doos nol soo'',' llal is nol propor.
14

nanda, lloro aro lloso sovon slalions of consciousnoss and lvo sploros.

1
Pciig|cscmp|cssc. Pciig|c moans 'rosislanco'/'impingomonl'.
2
O||cmissci|c, condilionaI lonso, middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.332.
3
Miu, gonilivo of cr-slom, soo Wardor p.21O.
4
I road llis Iong compound as lvo dvanda compounds, vill rospoclivoIy lvo and four mombors, forming a lappurisa compound bolvoon
llom.
5
MiddIo conjugalion oplalivo, soo Wardor p.315. IrosumabIy llo Buddla loro usos llo oplalivo bocauso lo limsoIf is no Iongor subjocl lo lloso
ovonls.
6
Iil. '(llal) fooIing is soIf'.
7
Iil. 'allaclos lo nolling in llo vorId'.
8
Pcriicsscii, nolo llal llo IaIi form is aclivo. Soo CDB p.765, nolo 137 for a discussion of llis lorm.
9
Or 'llo duly'. Iuluro passivo parlicipIo funclioning as a noun, soo Wardor p.1O4.
1O
I.o., lloro is no furllor oxislonco.
11
Accusalivo of spocificalion of slalo, Wardor pp.17-18.
12
'Tlo idoa' is llo counlorparl lo llo ii of llo IaIi.
13
I.o., llo Iiboralod monk.
14
I.o., llo idoa is nol corrocl.
82
Wlicl sovon` Tloro aro, nanda, boings vlo lavo divorsily in body
1
(and) divorsily of porcoplion
2
, lo
vil, luman boings, somo gods, and somo Iovor-roaIm boings
3
. Tlis is llo firsl slalion of consciousnoss. Tloro aro,
nanda, boings vlo lavo divorsily in body (and) unily of porcoplion, lo vil, llo gods vlo boIong lo Bralms
group, vlo lavo originalod llrougl llo firsl
4
. Tlis is llo socond slalion of consciousnoss. Tloro aro, nanda,
boings vlo lavo unily in body (and) divorsily of porcoplion, lo vil, llo gods vlo boIong lo llo vorId of radianco
5
.
Tlis is llo llird slalion of consciounoss. Tloro aro, nanda, boings vlo lavo unily in body (and) unily of
porcoplion, lo vil, llo gods vlo boIong lo llo Iuslrous vorId. Tlis is llo fourll slalion of consciousnoss. Tloro aro,
nanda, boings vlo, duo lo llo compIolo lransconding of porcoplions of form, duo lo llo onding of porcoplions of
rosislanco, duo lo llo non-allonlion lo porcoplions of divorsily, porcoiving: 'spaco is unIimilod', boIong lo
6
llo
sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco. Tlis is llo fifll slalion of consciousnoss. Tloro aro, nanda, boings vlo, laving
compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco, porcoiving: 'consciousnoss is unIimilod', boIong lo llo
sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss. Tlis is llo sixll slalion of consciousnoss. Tloro aro, nanda, boings vlo,
laving compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss, porcoiving: 'lloro is nolling', boIong
lo llo sploro of nollingnoss. Tlis is llo sovonll slalion of consciousnoss.
(Tloro is) llo sploro of boings villoul porcoplion, (and) llo sploro of noillor-porcoplion-nor-non-
porcoplion is llo socond.
Tloro, nanda, llis vlicl is llo firsl slalion of consciousnoss, vlicl las divorsily of bodios, vlicl las
divorsily of porcoplions - lo vil, luman boings, somo gods, and somo Iovor-roaIm boings - vlo, nanda,
undorslands il
7
, undorslands ils origin, undorslands ils onding, undorslands ils onjoymonl, undorslands ils
disadvanlago, and undorslands llo Iiboralion from il
8
, is il propor for lim
9
lo doIigll lloro
1O
`'' ''DofiniloIy nol,
VonorabIo Sir.'' ... olc ... ''Tloro, nanda, llis vlicl is llo sovonll slalion of consciousnoss - vlicl, laving
compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss, porcoiving: 'lloro is nolling', boIongs lo llo
sploro of nollingnoss - vlo, nanda, undorslands il ... and undorslands llo Iiboralion from il, is il propor for lim
|350] lo doIigll lloro`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Tloro, nanda, llis vlicl is llo sploro of boings villoul
porcoplion, vlo, nanda, undorslands il ... and undorslands llo Iiboralion from il, is il propor for lim lo doIigll
lloro`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Tloro, nanda, llis vlicl is llo sploro of noillor-porcoplion-nor-non-
porcoplion, vlo, nanda, undorslands il ... and undorslands llo Iiboralion from il, is il propor for lim lo doIigll
lloro`'' ''DofiniloIy nol, VonorabIo Sir.'' ''Wlon, nanda, a monk, laving knovn according lo acluaIily llo
originalion, onding, onjoymonl, disadvanlago, and llo Iiboralion from lloso sovon slalions of consciousnoss and
lloso lvo sploros, is Iiboralod duo lo non-allaclmonl
11
, lo (cqcm), nanda, is caIIod a monk vlo is Iiboralod
llrougl visdom.
nanda, lloro aro lloso oigll froodoms. Wlicl oigll` Iossossing maloriaI form
12
, ono soos forms. Tlis is llo
firsl froodom. Iossossing porcoplion of llo immaloriaI inlornaIIy, ono soos forms oxlornaIIy. Tlis is llo socond
froodom. Ono is inlonl on llo porcoplion
13
'boaulifuI'. Tlis is llo llird froodom. Duo lo llo compIolo lransconding of
porcoplions of form, duo lo llo onding of porcoplions of rosislanco, duo lo llo non-allonlion lo porcoplions of
divorsily, porcoiving: 'spaco is unIimilod', lo, laving onlorod (il), dvoIIs in llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco.
Tlis is llo fourll froodom. Having compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of spaco, porcoiving:
'consciousnoss is unIimilod', lo, laving onlorod (il), dvoIIs in llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss. Tlis is
llo fifll froodom. Having compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of unIimilodnoss of consciousnoss, porcoiving: 'lloro
is nolling', lo, laving onlorod (il), dvoIIs in llo sploro of nollingnoss. Tlis is llo sixll froodom. Having
compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of nollingnoss, lo, laving onlorod (il), dvoIIs in llo sploro of noillor-
porcoplion-nor-non-porcoplion. Tlis is llo sovonll froodom. Having compIoloIy lranscondod llo sploro of noillor-
porcoplion-nor-non-porcoplion, lo, laving onlorod (il), dvoIIs in llo cossalion of porcoplion and fooIing. Tlis is llo
oiglll froodom. nanda, lloro aro lloso oigll froodoms.

1
Nnciic|q, a balubbli compound (vill lappurisa slrucluro) quaIifying scii, 'boings'. Nolo llo rovorsaI of llo lvo oIomonls of llo
compound comparod lo a propor lappurisa compound, soo Wardor p.138.
2
Nnciicscinc, anollor balubbli vill lappurisa slrucluro.
3
Vinipii|, Iil. 'Iovor-roaIm-ors'.
4
Pci|cm||ini||cii. Tlo Commonlary oxpIains llis lo moan 'originalion llrougl llo firsl jlna'. I.o., born lloro on accounl of laving allainod
llo firsl jlna.
5
||csscr, I road il as an adjoclivo.
6
|snccqcicnpcg, lransIaling upcg simpIy as 'boIong lo', soo DI. Tlo compound is an adjoclivo quaIifying scii, 'boings'.
7
I.o., llo firsl slalion of consciousnoss, icm, accusalivo fominino.
8
1css nisscrcncm, moro IiloraIIy 'llo Ioaving bolind of il'.
9
1cnc, Iil. 'by lim'.
1O
1c!, loro sooms lo funclion as an advorb. If il did rofor back lo llo firsl slalion of consciousnoss il vouId lavo lad lo bo in llo fominino
gondor, i.o. icm.
11
Anup!, abIalivo of causo.
12
Rp, possossivo adjoclivo, soo Wardor p.122.
13
Again, I lavo addod 'llo porcoplion' as a counlorparl lo llo IaIi ii (i'ctc = ii + ctc).
83
Wlon, nanda, a monk allains lloso oigll froodoms - in forvard ordor, allains (llom) in rovorso ordor,
and (pi) allains (llom) in forvard and rovorso ordor, allains and (pi) omorgos vloro-dosiring, vlicl-dosiring,
1
as-
Iong-as-dosiring,
2
(and) duo lo llo oxlauslion of llo oulfIovings, lo dvoIIs, laving onlorod upon, laving roaIizod,
laving limsoIf diroclIy knovn in llis vory Iifo llo roIoaso in mind, llo roIoaso by visdom, vlicl is villoul
oulfIovings - lo (cqcm), nanda, is caIIod a monk vlo is roIoasod in boll vays
3
, and, nanda, lloro is no ollor
roIoaso in boll vays boyond
4
or moro oxcoIIonl llan llis roIoaso in boll vays.'' Tlo BIossod Ono said llis. IIoasod,
VonorabIo nanda doIigllod in llo spoocl of llo BIossod Ono. (D II 71,29)

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (D I 185,11 - 186,12)

Exercise 30

(Vciic or Anuii|u||c in lransilion lo tciic) (D III 199,25 - 2OO,2)

Tovards llo doIigllfuI Illarakur, llo boaulifuI Mal-Noru,
Tloro poopIo aro born vlo aro unsoIfisl, unpossossing.

Tloy do nol sov a sood and (pi) pIougls aro nol dravn,
Tlo poopIo oal rico vlicl is riponing villoul cuIlivalion
5
.

Willoul bran,
6
luskIoss, puro, svool-smoIIing rico-fruil,
Having cookod (il) in a gourd, from llal lloy oal a moaI.



(D III 2O1,2O - 2O2,14)

Tloro, is a lroo, vlicl las conslanl fruil,
7
vlicl is fuII of various groups of birds,
8

Wlicl is rosounding vill poacocks and lorons,
9
logollor vill pIoasanl (tcggu) cuckoos and so on
1O
.

Horo is llo sound of parlridgos and aIso (ci|c) Olllavacillakas
11
,
WiId cocks, KuIrakas, (and) Iokklaraslakas in llo grovo.

Horo is llo sound of parrols and mynas
12
and Dandamnavakas,
AII llo limo llal Kuvora's Iolus pond aIvays slinos.
13


IoopIo
14
poinl il
15
oul
16
llus: ''Irom loro, llal norllorn rogion''.
Wlicl rogion
1
lo prolocls, lo llo famous groal king -

1
I.o., vlicl allainmonl lo dosiros, cf. Com. Yc!icc|i|cm = qc! + icc|i|cm.
2
Tlroo avyayblva compounds (i.o., advorbs) quaIifying 'allains' and 'omorgos'.
3
U||cic||gctimuiic, Iil. 'roIoasod in boll parls'.
4
Uiicriicr, Iil. 'moro boyond' or simpIy 'suporior'.
5
A|cii|cp|imcm = c + |cii/c ('pIouglod', pasl parlicipIo of |cscii) + p|imcm ('riponing'), Iil. 'unpIouglod-riponing'. Or ono couId road c|cii|c
as a noun (soo DI) moaning 'unpIouglod ground', llo compound llon boing a balubbli vill lappurisa slrucluro, 'vlicl is riponing in
uncuIlivalod ground'.
6
A|cncm, soo DI.
7
Nicccp|c|, balubbli compound vill kammadlraya slrucluro.
8
Nn-!ijc-gcnc-quic. A lappurisa compound, !ijcgcnc, 'groups of birds', villin a kammadlraya compound, nn!ijcgcnc, 'various groups of
birds', villin a lappurisa compound, nn!ijcgcnquic, 'fuII of various groups of birds', llo vloIo conslruclion boing a balubbli compound
quaIifying ru|||.
9
Mcqrc-|ccc-c||iru!, dvanda (mcqrc|ccc) villin lappurisa (mcqrc|cc||iru!), funclioning as a balubbli.
1O
Tlo corrocl roading loro according lo DI is |c|i|!|i tcggu|i. Kc|i|!|i = |c|i|c ('cuckoo') + !|i, vloro !|i moans 'boginning vill', llus
'olc.'/'and so on'.
11
A lypo of bird, as aro llo foIIoving.
12
Su|c-s|i|c-sc!!'.
13
Kutcrc is ono of llo Iour Groal Kings.
14
jcnc, coIIoclivo singuIar noun and llus a singuIar vorb.
15
Ncm, rofors back lo Uiicrc|ur.
16
ci|||ci, soo DI. Nolo llo irroguIar Ionglloning of llo finaI duo lo llo molro.
84

Tlo Iord of llo Yakklas, Kuvora llus lo is namod,
Ho doIiglls,
2
lonourod
3
by dancing and singing Yakklas.

(Vciic) (D II 265,16 - 267,13)

Iady Suriyavaccas,
4
I rovoro
5
your fallor, Timbaru,
By vlom, you, O boaulifuI Iady, vlo aro a producor of joy
6
for mo, voro born.

Iiko a pIoasanl (|cnic) vind lo ono vlo is porspiring
7
, Iiko valor for llo llirsly
8
,
You aro radianl (and) doar lo mo, Iiko llo Dlamma of llo aralanls
9
.

Indood (ctc) modicino for ono vlo is affIiclod, Iiko food for ono vlo is lungry
1O
,
Lxlinguisl
11
, Iady, as (itc) vill valor llal vlicl is burning
12
.

Iiko an oIoplanl scorclod by llo loal
13
(pIungos inlo) a cooI-valorod Iolus pooI furnislod vill slamon and poIIon
14
,
I pIungo inlo
15
your broasl and slomacl.

And Iiko an oIoplanl boyond llo goad, (llinking) boalon by mo is llo piko and Ianco,
Inloxicalod by a slapoIy
16
lligl, I do nol undorsland llo propor aclion
17
.

Concorning you I lavo a liod mind
18
, llo mind is aIlorod
19
,
I am nol abIo lo go back, Iiko a fisl
2O
vlicl las dovourod a look.

O Iady vill IovoIy lligl
21
, ombraco mo
22
, ombraco mo, O ono vill IovoIy oyos
23
,
Lmbraco mo, O boaulifuI Iady, llis las boon yoarnod for by mo.

Indood, lloro boing IillIo sonsuaI pIoasuro for mo, manyfoId
24
las como aboul
25
from llo ono vlo las vavy lair
26
,
Iiko a gifl lo Aralanls
27
.

Wlalovor (qcm) moril lloro is vlicl las boon mado by mo vill rogard lo sucl kinds (of) aralanls,
Iol llal (icm) ripon
1
for mo logollor vill you, in aII aspocls boaulifuI Iady
2
.

1
Nolo llo roIalivo/domonslralivo conslruclion vill llo roIalivo cIauso coming aflor llo domonslralivo cIauso. Ycm !iscm, 'vlicl diroclion',
llus rofors back lo s uiicr!is, 'llal norllorn diroclion'. Tlo fuII slop in Wardor's loxl aflor jcnc is llus misIoading.
2
Rcmcii. Il is possibIo llal qcm !iscm, 'vlicl rogion', slouId bo rogardod as a palionl of llis vorb as voII, llus, 'lo doIiglls in vlicl rogion',
roforring back lo 'llal norllorn rogion'.
3
Purc|||cic, soo ILD.
4
8|c!!c suriqctccccsc, fominino vocalivo. Vccccsc sooms lo bo dorivod from a rooltccc moaning 'spIondour'.
5
Vcn!c, prosonl lonso middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315.
6
ncn!-jcncn, fominino, quaIifying 'you' (impIiod by 'si=csi).
7
Sc!c|cm, nolo llo accusalivo vloro ono migll lavo oxpoclod llo dalivo.
8
Pipsinc, dalivo.
9
Arc|cicm, gonilivo pIuraI. Tlis couId aIso bo road as a dalivo, 'Iiko llo Dlamma lo llo aralanls'.
1O
jig|ccc|cic, prosonl parlicipIo gonilivo of llo dosidoralivo conjugalion (soo Wardor p.352), Iil. 'for llo ono dosiring lo oal'. Irosonl parlicipIo
usod as an 'aclor vorbaI noun', soo NCRI III 6.2.
11
Pcrini||pcqc, causalivo imporalivo.
12
jc|cnicm, anollor prosonl parlicipIo usod as a noun. According lo llo Com. il is llo pool's fovor, Iusl, and dosiro (pcri||c, |cmc, and rgc) llal
aro lo bo oxlinguislod.
13
Tlo firsl parl of Iino lvo is pIacod firsl.
14
I.o., Iolus fIovors vill slamon and poIIon, soo Com.
15
Og|c, middIo conjugalion, soo Wardor p.315.
16
Ic|||cnc, I road il as an adjoclivo.
17
Krcncm, soo DI.
18
Iil. 'I am ono vlo las a liod mind'.
19
Vipcrinmiicm, pasl parlicipIo of a donominalivo vorb (soo Wardor p.316), or pasl parlicipIo causalivo.
2O
Am|ujc = cm|u ('valor') + -jc ('born'), i.o. ono born in valor.
21
Vmru = tmc + ru. Vmru and ||c!!c aro vocalivos, tmru boing an adjoclivo lo ||c!!c, 'Iady vlo las a IovoIy lligl'.
22
Scjc is imporalivo.
23
Mcn!c|cccnc. Mcn!c aIso moans 'IovoIy', soo ILD. I lako llo compound lo bo a vocalivo.
24
I.o., many lypos of sonsuaI pIoasuro.
25
Scmp!i. I road il as a passivo aorisl formod diroclIy from llo rool, soo Wardor pp.155-156.
26
Vc||iic|csiq. Kcsi(n) is apparonlIy a possossivo adjoclivo/noun, '(ono vlo is) laving (vavy) lair', soo DI.
27
I.o., a gifl lo an aralanl can boar kammic fruil in lorms of sonsuaI pIoasuros. Nolo llo accusalivo pIuraI vloro ono migll lavo oxpoclod llo
dalivo.
85

Wlalovor moril lloro is vlicl las boon mado by mo vill roforonco lo llis circIo of oarll
3
,
Iol llal ripon for mo logollor vill you, in aII aspocls boaulifuI Iady.

Iiko llo son of llo Sakyans vlo, llrougl jlna, is conconlralod, viso, mindfuI,
A Sago visling for
4
llo doallIoss, (so) I (am dosiring)
5
you (icm), Suriyavaccas.

And (pi) as llo sago vouId doIigll, laving allainod llo supromo avakoning,
So I vouId doIigll, O boaulifuI Iady, (vlon) gono lo soxuaI union
6
vill you.

And if Sakka llo Iord of llo Tvalimsa (Gods) voro lo granl
7
mo a boon,
Al! Iady I vouId (sliII) clooso you
8
(icm), so slrong is my dosiro.

Iiko (tc) a SIa (lroo) soon (nc circm) bIossoming, O vory inloIIigonl Iady,
Rovoring, I lonour
9
your fallor, vlo las (qcssc) llis
1O
kind (of) offspring (pcj).
11


(1uii|u||c) (D II 241,8-16)

''I, vlo lavo doubl,
12
ask Sanankumra llo Bralm,
Wlo is froo from doubl (c|cn||im), concorning llings knovn by anollor
13
:
Wloro slanding
14
and lraining in vlal,
Doos a morlaI oblain
15
llo immorlaI Bralm-vorId`''

''Having abandonod possossivonoss
16
among lumans
17
, bralmin,
Boing conconlralod, inlonl on compassion,
Slanding loro and lraining loro,
A morlaI oblains llo immorlaI Bralm-vorId.''

(Opccc|cn!csc|c) (D II 49,22-25)

Ialionl
18
forboaranco (iiii|||) is llo liglosl ascolicism
19
, Nibbna is llo liglosl, llo Buddlas say,
Bocauso ono gono forll vlo is larming anollor, larassing anollor, is nol an ascolic.

(Rci|c!!|ci) (D III 155,13-16)

If ono vlo is sucl-kind
2O
dvoIIs in a louso,
Ho goos lo pro-ominonco of llo onos
21
vlo induIgo in sonsuaIily,
Ono vlo is suporior
22
lo lim
23
is nol found,

1
Vipccccicm, middIo conjugalion llird porson singuIar imporalivo, soo Wardor p.315.
2
Sc||c-cngc-|c|qni, vocalivo.
3
I.o., on llis oarll.
4
jigimsnc, a conlraclod form of jigimscmnc, soo NCRI IV 4.2. Tlo vorb is of llo dosidoralivo conjugalion, soo Wardor pp.352-353.
5
SuppIiod by llo Com.
6
Miss||tcm, Iil. 'mixod-slalo'.
7
Dcjj, 'if ... voro lo granl', llird porson singuIar oplalivo of !, soo Wardor p.357.
8
Tlo poinl sooms lo bo llal lo vouId profor lor lo a boon from Sakka.
9
Ncmcssmi, prosonl lonso.
1O
I road s' as s agrooing vill pcj.
11
According lo DI, and porlaps il is proforabIo, llis Iasl plraso slouId road, qcsss' ci!is pcj, 'of vlom you aro (qcssc + csi) sucl a kind (of)
offspring', i.o. somoono spociaI.
12
Kcn||, possossivo adjoclivo quaIifying 'I', Wardor p.122.
13
IrosumabIy roforring lo Sanankumra llo Bralm.
14
Tlo vord is compoundod in llo ITS loxl, |cii|cii|iic, llus llo doubIo ii in ii|iic.
15
Pcppcii, soo Wardor p.37.
16
Mcmciicm, Iil. 'minonoss'.
17
Mcnujcsu. CouId aIso bo road as a Iocalivo of roforonco.
18
K|cni, roading il as an adjoclivo, soo DI.
19
Pcrcmcm icpc. 1cpc musl bo a nominalivo noulor noun of llo cs-slom (soo Wardor p.154), and pcrcmcm a noulor adjoclivo agrooing vill il.
2O
1ci|ti!|c, loro funclions as a noun.
21
I.o., among llo onos.
22
Uiicriicrc, adjoclivo quaIifying ici|ti!|c.
23
1cnc, inslrumonlaI of comparison, soo Wardor pp.44-45.
86
Ho Iivos (iriqcii) laving conquorod
1
}ambudpa
2
.

(Vcmscii|) (D III 147,5-8 + 148,24-27)

In lrull, Dlamma, laming, and roslrainl,
And in obsorvanco days vlicl aro a sloIlor
3
of virluo and purily,
4

In giving, larmIossnoss, (and) non-vioIonco lo doIiglls,
5

Having firmIy
6
undorlakon (lloso), lo conduclod limsoIf porfoclIy
7
.

Boforo, formorIy, in oarIior birlls,
A luman boing vlo vas bringing lappinoss lo many
8
,
Wlo vas driving avay anxioly, lorror, and foar,
9

Wlo vas oagor concorning proloclion, safoly, and sloIlor
1O
.

(Pcmiic|||cr) (D III 169,25-28)

Tlo ono doIiglling in conducl in accordanco vill Dlamma,
11

Was
12
Ioading in llo labils (!|cmmcsu) of good conducl,
13

(And) llo crovd vlicl vas lis foIIoving
14
,
Lxporioncod
15
llo fruil of (lloir) moril in llo loavons.
16


(Rucir) (D III 166,2O-23)

Nol vill land, and nol vill slick and cIod,
Or vill svord or again by slriking (tc!|c) lo doall,
And nol by imprisonmonl or by inlimidalion
17
:
Ho vas (c|u) a non-larassor vlo did nol larass
18
llo poopIo.

(Pupp|iicgg) (D III 153,19-22)

Having passod avay, laving (scmnc) again como loro,
Tlo baby, llo vory doIicalo Irinco (sus|umrc) oblains
19

SuppIonoss in lands and fool
2O
and nolIiko
21
,
LxcoodingIy spIondid (ciirucirc), vory sofl, and boaulifuI
1
.

1
A||i||uqqc. ApparonlIy a gorund, soo DI.
2
I.o., India.
3
|cqc, Iil. 'rosling pIaco'.
4
Scccqqc-s|c-|cqc-upcsci|csu. Tlis compound can bo road in many vays, bul I lako il lo bo a dvanda compound (scccqqc-s|c) villin a
lappurisa (scccqqcs|c-|cqc) villin a kammadlraya.
5
Rcic, Iil. 'llo ono vlo is doIigllod', llo agonl of llo foIIoving lvo vorbs. Rcic lakos llo Iocalivo, 'doIigllod in', and llus roIalos lo llo vloIo
sorios of forogoing Iocalivos.
6
Dc||cm, advorb.
7
Scmciicm, advorb.
8
8c|ncm, dalivo.
9
U||cgcuiisc||cqpcn!cnc = u||cgc + uiisc + ||cqc + cpcn!cnc. A balubbli compound slruclurod as a llroo mombor dvanda compound
villin a lappurisa compound.
1O
Iocalivo of roforonco.
11
D|cmmcccriq||ircic = !|cmmc + ccriqc + c||ircic, a doubIo lappurisa compound. In llo sub-compound !|cmmcccriqc llo caso roIalion may bo
oxpIainod as abIalivo, 'conducl coming from Dlamma', llus 'conducl in accordanco vill Dlamma'.
12
A|u, rool aorisl, soo Wardor pp.353-354.
13
Succriicsu and !|cmmcsu agroo vill oacl ollor, Iil. 'labils vlicl voro good conducl', llus 'labils of good conducl'.
14
Antqi|c, adjoclivo quaIifying |c|ujjcnc, 'crovd'.
15
Vc!cqii|c, middIo conjugalion llird porson singuIar aorisl, soo Wardor p.315.
16
According lo Maurico WaIslo's lransIalion 'llo ono doIiglling in conducl in accordanco vill Dlamma' (i.o., llo Bodlisallva) is llo ono vlo
'oxporioncod llo fruil ... in llo loavons'. Boll moanings aro possibIo as il is nol cIoar vlo is llo agonl of llo vorb tc!cqii|c, 'oxporioncod'.
17
Tlo pIacing of llo ccs and llo ts sooms a bil arbilrary and may bo connoclod lo llo molro. ApparonlIy, judging from llo proso immodialoIy
procoding llo vorso (soo llo Iakklana-Sulla) a t slouId bo undorslood bolvoon oacl ilom Iislod. Tlo nc al llo boginning sooms lo roIalo lo aII
llo iloms.
18
Hci|cq, aorisl. Nolo llo Iong for molricaI roasons.
19
Pcii|c||ci, nolo llo molricaIIy Iongllonod finaI .
2O
Kcrc-ccrcn-mu!uicm. Nolo llo Iong in ccrcn, prosumabIy poolic Iiconco lo fil llo molro. IsuaIIy llo slom form ccrcnc vouId bo usod in a
compound.
21
j|inc. Accusalivo pIuraI, apparonlIy quaIifying |crc, 'lands', and ccrcn, 'fool', insido llo provious compound.
87

(Stgci) (D II 254,17-2O)

Having cul llo slako, laving cul llo bar, laving knockod oul llo royaI slako, imporlurbabIo
2

Tloy faro, puro, slainIoss, voII-lamod
3
by llo ono vill vision,
4
llo young groal boings
5
.

(Upcii|iicppccupiic) (D III 159,28 - 16O,6)

Ho rosoIvod on
6
non-angor (c||c!|cm) and gavo gifls
7
,
And fino cIollos pIoasanl lo llo skin,
LslabIislod in a formor
8
oxislonco
9
,
Ho disponsod
1O
Iiko a god raining on
11
llo oarll.

Having dono llal, lo foII avay from loro, laving arison in loavon,
And laving oxporioncod llo fruil and rosuIl of llo good aclion
12
,
Ho vlo las a goIdon body and briIIianl skin
13
,
Ho is loro, Iiko (itc) Inda llo mosl oxcoIIonl of gods
14
.

(Uggci) (D III 168,1O-13 + 168,18 - 169,2)

Nol slaring and nol furlivo,
And nol an inscrulabIo obsorvor,
Iprigll, llus frank vill uprigll mind,
15

Will a Ioving oyo, lo is an obsorvor of llo poopIo. (D III 168,13) ...

(D III 168,18) IoopIo
16
vlo aro proficionl and sublIo,
And
17
mucl skiIIod in signs,
18

(And) skiIIod in llo sublIo oyo,
19

Tloy docIaro lim
2O
: ''Tlo ono vlo is a IovoIy sigll.
21
''

Tlo ono vlo is a IovoIy sigll, ovon (pi) boing a lousoloIdor,
22

Ho is loId doar
23
by llo many
24
,
Bul if
25
lo is nol a lousoloIdor, (bul) an ascolic,
Ho is
26
doar lo llo many, a doslroyor of sorrov.

1
Aii-rucirc-sutcggu-!csscncqqcm, again quaIifying lands and fool il sooms.
2
Ancj, adjoclivo quaIifying susung in llo noxl Iino.
3
Su!cni. Wardor's book is missing llo su-.
4
WaIslo's lransIalion is vrong al llis poinl.
5
Susungc. Ng las a sonso boyond 'oIoplanl': il is aIso a synonym for 'an aralanl' and ollor groal boings.
6
A!|iii|c|, aorisl, soo DI. Again nolo llo Ionglloning of llo finaI lo fil llo molro (molri causa).
7
Dncm, singuIar in llo IaIi bul llo moaning sooms bosl convoyod by llo LngIisl pIuraI.
8
Purimcicrc, Iil. 'moro formor'.
9
I.o., vliIo lo vas Iiving a provious Iifo, purimcicrc-||ctc-i|iic.
1O
I.o., vas gonorous.
11
A||itcsscm, prosonl parlicipIo agrooing vill surc, 'god'.
12
Kcicm, usod as a noun. Su|cicm p|c|ctip|cm, Iil. 'llo good aclion vlicl las fruil and rosuIl'. Tlo ITS odilion las su|cicp|c|ctip|cm in ono
compound vlicl migll bo proforabIo as il aIIovs llo gonilivo roIalion bolvoon p|c|ctip|c and su|cic.
13
Kcnc|c-icnu-ni||c-iccc, noun or adjoclivo quaIifying llo subjocl of ||ctcii. Roading |crc|c and ni||c as adjoclivos.
14
Surc-tcrcicrc, lappurisa compound vloro surc slouId bo undorslood as llo gonilivo pIuraI according lo llo Com. Tlus, llis is a 'suporIalivo'
comparison, soo Wardor pp.123-125.
15
A sorios of singuIar nominalivos quaIifying u!i|||ii, 'obsorvor', in llo noxl Iino.
16
Mcnuj, movod up from Iino llroo.
17
Pcnc, aIso las a connoclivo sonso, soo ILD.
18
Or 'skiIIod in many signs'.
19
Su||umc-ncqcnc-|usc|. Tlo firsl llroo Iinos lavo four adjoclivos quaIifying 'poopIo'.
2O
I.o., lloy docIaro llal lo is ...
21
Piqc!csscnc, noun.
22
I.o., ovon if lo is a lousoloIdor.
23
Piqqiic, pasl parlicipIo donominalivo from piqc.
24
8c|ncm, dalivo, i.o. '(doar) lo llo many'. Nolo llal |c|u normaIIy funclions as an adjoclivo bul loro is a noun. In llo IaIi adjoclivos and
nouns aro oflon usod inlorclangoabIy.
25
Yc!i cc, disjunclivo sonso, soo ILD.
26
8|ctci, finaI molri causa.
88

Re-transIatinn intn PaIi (D I 186,13 - 189,1O)