1abIo ot Contonta

7lt|o Pogo
Loolcotloo
Ackoow|oogomoots
Prooco

l. - |l31OllCAl Al0 COlCEl1UAl 3ACKGlOUl0
Ono - 1|E COl3lllA1Ol3' lO31WAl 0E1El1E
A. A |YlO1|E1lCAl 3CElAllO
3. E31Ulll'3 31U0Y Al0 31Al0Al0 ll1ElllE1A1lOl3
C. UlU3UAl GUE313 A1 1|E |ll31 VEE1llG, Al0 1|E Al1EllA1lvE EXllAlA1lOl: 0E1El1E
0. COlClU3lOl3 Al0 lVlllCA1lOl3
1wo - |OOvEl'3 |l00El lEGACY Al0 Gl|1
A. Al OvElvlEW O| 0EWEY'3 0A1A3A3E
3. 1|E llEvl1A3lll1Y Al0 llE0lC1A3lll1Y O| CYClE3: ClO3E0 v3. OlEl 3Y31EV3
C. Cyc|os, 1ronds, and Cyc|os Upon Cyc|os
0. COlClU3lOl3, lVlllCA1lOl3, Al0 A 3EGUE ll 1|E |OlV O| 3lGll|lCAl1 OUE31lOl3
1hroo - GElVAlY, lCA, Al0 1.l. VOlGAl
A. 0l. |Al1VU1 V0llEl Al0 GlO3Al 3CAlllG 1|EOlY
3. All lOA03 lEA0 1O 1E3lA Al0 VOlGAl
C. COlClU3lOl3

ll. - 1|E 1EVllE3, 1|E 31Al3, Al0 1|E 3AlK31El3
|our - 1EVllE3, 1EVllA1E3, Al0 1lU313
A. 1EVllE3 Al0 1lU313
3. 1EVllE3 Al0 1EVllA1E3: A31lOlOVY, A31lOlOGY, Al0 1|E AlC|EVY O| VOlEY
C. COlClU3lOl3
||vo - VOlEY, VOlO1|El3V, VOlAlC|lE3 Al0 Vlll1AllE3
A. 1|E 31A1E O| Evl0ElCE Al0 1|E lEE0 |Ol 3lECUlA1lOl
3. 1|E VE0lUV O| EXC|AlGE Al0 3UlllOl A3 Al Ol0El Ol 31A1E WAlE|OU3E3
C. |OW 1|E COl3lllACY WOlKE0
0. 1|E lAlAllEl 1O 1|E A|1ElVA1|3 O| 1|E CO3VlC WAl, Al0 WOll0 WAl ll: 1|E ...
3|x - AlC|EVY Ul3E13 1|E AlllECAl1
A. ECOlOl|Y3lC3
3. ECOlOVlC3, A31lOlOGY, Al0 A31lOl|Y3lC3
C. EllEl |O0G3Ol 3lOWl
0. lVlllCA1lOl3 O| ElGllEElA3lll1Y: 1|E AlClEl1 AlC|EVlCAl COllEC1lOl

lll. - 1|E VOl31El3 ll 1|E VAC|llE
3ovon - 3AClE0 3l1E3 Al0 3CAlAl 1EVllE3
A. 1|E VO0Ell ll3E O| EAl1| Gll0 1|EOllE3
3. 0l. KOl31Al1ll VEYl'3 lAlEOl|Y3lCAl ll1ElllE1A1lOl O| AlClEl1 1EVllE3 A3 ...
E|ght - 1EVllA1E3, GElOVE3, Al0 3AlK31El3 Ol, W|Y 0O 1|EY All 3EEV 1O VAllY ...
A. AlClEl1 lOVE
3. 1|E VY1| O| 1|E lO1|3C|ll0 0E3CEl1 |lOV llVlO0: A 3ECOl0 lOOK
C. |UVAl 0lA Al0 1|E |ElVE1lC CO0E
0. 1|E AlClEl1 COl1AC1: 1|E lO1|3C|ll0 llVlO0 VY1| ll A Wl0El COl1EX1
l|no - 1|E 3AlK31El3' lEAl 3U3llE33 1|E lA11Ell O| WAl, 3CAlCl1Y, 3UlllE33lOl, ...
A. 1|E |l31OllCAl lA11Ell3 O| 3UlllE33lOl
3. 1|E l|Y3lC3, 1|E |llAlClAl AlC|EVY, Al0 1|E 3AlK31El3

BlBLlOORAPlY
Copyrlgbt Pogo
THE ALCHEMY OF DEEP PHYSICS,
HIGH FINANCE AND ANCIENT RELIGION
AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN AETHER PHYSICS, ECONOMICS,
ASTROLOGY, ALCHEMY, GEOMANCY, ANCIENT
TEMPLES, ANO THE POLITICS OF SUPPRESSION
JOSlpap. TARRnt
f ~
FERAL HOUSE
A|os, o|os, tbot groot clty Boby|oo, tbot mlgbty clty!
or lo ooo boor ls tby joogmoot como.
Aoo tbo morcboots o tbo oortb sbo|| woop ooo
mooro ovor bor, or oo moo boyotb tbolr
morcbooolso ooy moro.
7bo morcbooolso o go|o, ooo sl|vor, ooo procloos stooos,
ooo o poor|s, ooo loo |looo, ooo porp|o, ooo sl|k, ooo
scor|ot, ooo o|| tbloo wooo, ooo o|| moooor vosso|s o
lvory, ooo o|| moooor vosso|s o most procloos wooo,
ooo o bross, ooo lroo, ooo morb|o,
Aoo clooomoo, ooo oooors, ooo olotmoots, ooo
rooklocooso, ooo wloo, ooo ol|, ooo loo |oor, ooo
wboot, ooo boosts, ooo sboop, ooo borsos, ooo cborlots,
ooo s|ovos, ooo soo|s o moo.
Aoo tbo rolts tbot tby soo| |ostoo otor oro ooportoo
rom tboo, ooo o|| tblogs wblcb woro ooloty ooo gooo|y
oro ooportoo rom tboo, ooo tboo sbo|t loo tbom
oo moro ot o||.
7bo morcboots o tboso tblogs, wblcb woro mooo rlcb
by bor, sbo|| stooo oor o or tbo oor o bor tormoot,
wooplog ooo wol|log,
Aoo soylog, A|os, o|os, tbot groot clty, tbot wos c|otboo
lo loo |looo, ooo porp|o, ooo scor|ot, ooo oockoo wltb
go|o, ooo procloos stooos, ooo poor|s!
lor lo ooo boor so groot rlcbos ls como to ooogbt. Aoo
ovory sblpmostor, ooo o|| tbo compooy lo sblps, ooo
sol|ors, ooo os mooy os trooo by soo, stooo oor o.
Aoo crloo wboo tboy sowtbo smoko o bor borolog,
soylog, bot [clty lsj |lko ooto tbls groot clty!
Aoo tboy cost oost oo tbolr booos, ooo crloo, wooplog
ooo wol|log, soylog, A|os, o|os, tbot groot clty, wborolo
woro mooo rlcb o|| tbot boo sblps lo tbo soo by roosoo
o bor cost|looss! or lo ooo boor ls sbo mooo ooso|oto.

1ho lovo|at|on ot 3t. 1ohn
18: 10-10
1o
3cott 0oug|as do|art:
Anyth|ng l cou|d say, any grat|tudo l cou|d oxpross,
|s s|mp|y |nadoquato tor you,

And to
1racy 3. ||shor:
You aro, and w||| a|ways bo, soro|y m|ssod,

And to l|chard C. |oag|and:
ln thanks tor so many wondortu| |ns|ghts, st|mu|at|ng thoughts,
sp|ond|d convorsat|ons, and sc|nt|||at|ng ana|ys|s,

And to
Goorgo Ann |ughos:
1ruo and gonorous |n your prayors and support,

|o who has tound such as thoso, has tound troasuros
ACKNOWLEDCENEN15
As a|ways, l'd ||ko to thank Vr. l|chard C. |oag|and tor contr|but|ons to th|s book. ln th|s caso, unboknownst to Vr. |oag|and, l had dotorm|nod to
wr|to a book on th|s subjoct a coup|o ot yoars ago, and |n ono ot thoso synchron|c|t|os that soom to bo a common toaturo ot modorn ||to, wh||o
||ston|ng to ono ot h|s prosontat|ons at a contoronco, a sourco tor rosoarch, ut|||zod and c|tod horo|n, was mont|onod. lood|oss to say, l qu|ck|y
jottod down tho rotoronco, and ovontua||y, whon l purchasod tho book, tound |t to bo a go|dm|no ot |ntormat|on and thought-provok|ng |doas. 1ho
book was astro|og|st lobort Govor's 7lmo ooo Voooy. 7bo Ecooomy ooo tbo P|ooots, and notw|thstand|ng tho short rov|ow ot |t |n tho ma|n toxt,
|t |s |n |tso|t a book worth cons|dor|ng |n |ts tota||ty tor thoso |ntorostod |n tho moro osotor|c aspocts ot oconom|c torocast|ng and act|v|ty.
Vr. |oag|and a|so p|ayod anothor ro|o |n tho tormat|on ot th|s book, and aga|n, |t was ono that at tho t|mo ho d|dn't roa||zo ho was p|ay|ng. 0ur|ng
a v|s|t to h|s homo |n 2008, Vr. |oag|and showod mo vo|umos ot data |n h|s ||brary that had boon co||octod and ana|yzod by tho ||tt|o-known
|oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os. Wo had somo st|mu|at|ng convorsat|on ovor thoso mator|a|s, not tho |oast ot wh|ch woro tho|r |mp||cat|ons tor
tho connoct|on botwoon phys|cs and t|nanco. ln duo courso l sot ott rosoarch|ng tho ava||ab|||ty ot somo ot th|s mator|a|, and ovontua||y was ab|o to
purchaso tho c|ass|c toxt Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo by tho |oundat|on's toundor, oconom|st Edward 0owoy.
ln rosoarch|ng th|s book, l qu|ck|y d|scovorod that tho mator|a|s to documont tho ma|n thomos woro so numorous and var|od that any attompt at
comprohons|vonoss was tut||o. lotw|thstand|ng that, a word ot thanks |s duo to a|| thoso |nvontors and sc|ont|sts who havo soon tho|r d|scovor|os
and thoor|os shutt|od to tho s|do||nos by a corporautocracy' that |s ho||-bont on koop|ng human|ty |n tho s|avory ot an onorgy and t|nanc|a| dark
agos: to a|| tho 1os|as, |arnsworths, Kozyrovs, V||ors, l|chtors, 0|la|mas, 3od|n|s, and 3oardons out thoro: thank you. l on|y rogrot that l cou|dn't
mont|on you a||, but rost assurod, your work and |ts |mp||cat|ons woro not|cod.
And to a|| tho othor rosoarchors out thoro who havo contr|butod to unmask|ng tho s|n|stor ro|o ot pr|vato bank|ng |n tho atta|rs ot stato and ot
mank|nd throughout h|story: thank you. Aga|n, |t was not tor tho doarth but tho surto|t ot |ntormat|on that spoc|t|c mont|on cou|d on|y bo mado ot a
tow ot you.
And w|th that, on to tho story.

1osoph l. |arro||
3poart|sh, 3outh 0akota, 2000
Protaco
PROLOCuE |5 EP|LOCuE
OR, 1WO FL|E5 |N 1EE O|N1NEN1:
CONNuN|51 CE|NA AND NAZ| CERNANY
7bo ro|otloosblp botwooo two ossots coo oovor bo coptoroo by o slog|o sco|or qoootlty.'
- lloooclo| Aoo|yst Poo| l|mott
1
A. CONFRON1|NC 1EE BEA51
Vodorn t|at monoy and rosorvo bank|ng |s |ndood a man|tostat|on ot tho transmutat|vo 'noth|ngnoss' ot tho lh||osophors' 3tono, tor trom tho
croat|on ot crod|t out ot noth|ng, go|d |s producod.' 3y nat|ona||z|ng that monoy and crod|t-croat|ng |nst|tut|on and wrost|ng |t trom pr|vato, socrot|vo
hands, and us|ng |t to tund tho a|chom|ca| phys|cs |t was bog|nn|ng to dovo|op as tho u|t|mato onorgy sourco, as tho u|t|mato powor to transport
mank|nd, and as tho u|t|mato powor tor dostruct|on on a doomsday sca|o, tho laz|s |nd|catod that thoy had undorstood tho naturo ot tho
(lh||osophors') 3tono. 7boy boo sooo, ooo o||y oooorstooo, tbo cooooctloo botwooo o|cbomlco| pbyslcs, ooo o|cbomlco| loooco. Aoo tboy
woro wl||log to pot lt to sopromo|y ovl| osos.
Bot tbot cooooctloo botwooo o|cbomlco| pbyslcs ooo o|cbomlco| loooco ls, porbops, o ro|otloosblp tbot roqolros lts owo oxposltloo..
Epl|ogoo ls Pro|ogoo.'

1hus d|d l wr|to at tho conc|us|on ot my book 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor.
2
1ho roador may
havo |ntorrod trom thoso quotod romarks that thoro was much moro ot tho story - both trom tho standpo|nt ot phys|cs and t|nanco, and trom that ot
h|story - to to||, and that |t wou|d roqu|ro yot anothor study or book to do so. lt tho roador mado such |ntoroncos, ho |s corroct on both counts: thoro
ls much moro ot tho story ot tho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon phys|cs and t|nanco to to||.
1ho thos|s ot th|s book |s both s|mp|o to stato, and d|tt|cu|t to undorstand, and that |s that, s|nco anc|ont t|mos and w|th moro or |oss un|ntorruptod
constancy, thoro has ox|stod an |ntornat|ona| monoy powor wh|ch sooks by a var|oty ot moans - |nc|ud|ng traud, docopt|on, assass|nat|on, and war
- to usurp tho monoy- and crod|t-croat|ng powor ot tho var|ous statos |t has sought to dom|nato, and to obtuscato and occu|t tho protound
connoct|on botwoon that monoy-croat|ng powor and tho doop a|chom|ca| phys|cs' that such powor |mp||os.
Accord|ng|y, l do not arguo that caso comprohons|vo|y |n th|s book, s|nco to do so wou|d roqu|ro an oxtondod sor|os ot books, oach dovotod to a
part|cu|ar h|stor|ca| por|od, and oach bury|ng tho roador |n a b||zzard ot tootnotos to tho oxtont that tho ma|n thos|s wou|d |tso|t bocomo obscurod.
lathor, l assumo th|s modo| as a g|von, as an lotorprotlvo poroolgm by wh|ch to v|ow corta|n ovonts and data. ln so do|ng, that caso |s |ndood
arguod, but |n synopt|c torm rathor than comprohons|vo|y. ln do|ng so, l hopo to koop botoro tho roador's attont|on that doop and protound
connoct|on botwoon phys|cs and t|nanco and to show why |t |s that tho pr|vato and |ntornat|ona| monoy powor must a|ways sook to suppross not
on|y corta|n typos ot stato t|nanc|a| po||cy, but a|so corta|n typos ot phys|cs, tor both |ndood spr|ng trom a common concoptua| root.
Vost ot my books, as roadors tam|||ar w|th thom a|roady know, |nhab|t a strango rog|on whoro a|tornat|vo phys|cs |ntortacos w|th h|story to rovoa|
tho |attor's h|ddon mot|vat|ons, socrots, and p|ayors. 1h|s book |s no d|ttoront, savo tor tho tact that l havo obv|ous|y addod a now concoptua| p|ayor:
t|nanco and oconom|cs. And a|ong tho way, wo sha|| oncountor othor major concoptua| sconory that roadors ot my books havo oncountorod botoro:
a|chomy, astro|ogy, astronomy, tors|on, Egypt, 3aby|on, laz|s, anc|ont toxts and tomos and modorn mathomat|ca| gurus spoak|ng tho arcano
|anguago ot stat|st|ca| and topo|og|ca| |oro.
ln tact, |n ono ot thoso odd synchron|c|t|os that soom to |ncroaso |n modorn ||to, as th|s book was bo|ng rosoarchod and wr|tton, docados - |t not
contur|os or ovon m|||onn|a - ot corrupt|on and |nto||octua| t|acc|d|ty |n tho t|nanc|a|, bank|ng, and corporato soctors ot tho wor|d camo to an ug|y
hoad w|th tho co||apso ot tho hous|ng and dor|vat|vos bubb|o, and tho appoaranco ot somo ot thoso rospons|b|o tor tho mo|tdown botoro tho Un|tod
3tatos |ouso ot loprosontat|vos, hands oxtondod, ask|ng tor a ba||out ot tho|r ma|toasanco and |rrospons|b|||ty at tho oxponso ot tho Amor|can
taxpayor, and domand|ng no ovors|ght to boot, as |t thoy woro bo|ng torcod to pay somo h|ddon b|ackma||or, and woro atra|d that ovors|ght m|ght
d|sc|oso th|s tact.
3ut why ca|| |t |rrospons|b|||ty' and not s|mp|y cr|m|na||ty'? ln tho answor to that quost|on thoro ||os a ta|o, and |t |s a ta|o l d|d oot or|g|na||y |ntond
to go |nto whon l conco|vod tho p|an tor th|s sor|os ot books many yoars ago, much |oss tho p|an tor tbls ono. locont t|nanc|a| ovonts, howovor,
havo contr|vod to p|aco tho story l |ntondod to to|| attor comp|ot|ng 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo| and 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo |nto a rathor d|ttoront
contoxt. As w||| bocomo apparont to tho roador |n tho ma|n toxt, l oo bo||ovo thoro |s cr|m|na||ty and consp|racy |nvo|vod |n tho story ot tho comp|ox
ro|at|onsh|p ot phys|cs and t|nanco throughout h|story. And paradox|ca||y, tho tarthor back ono pursuos th|s ro|at|onsh|p, tho c|osor togotbor phys|cs,
t|nanco, and a|| thoso othor thomos onunc|atod abovo as tho concoptua| sconory, draw togothor, and tho moro apparont tho odor ot a |ong-stand|ng
consp|racy bocomos.
3ut |n and ot |tso|t tho contomporary t|nanc|a| mo|tdown |s both a story ot consp|racy as wo|| as a caso ot ga||op|ng stup|d|ty and co|ossa|
|nto||octua|, po||t|ca|, and oconom|c |rrospons|b|||ty proport|ona| to tho atorosa|d stup|d|ty. lt |s nonotho|oss a story w|th |ts own doop connoct|ons to
tho story ot tho ma|n toxt, and |t |s as good an ontry |nto tho subjoct as any.
3o, as a way ot ontor|ng |nto tho d|scuss|on ot tho thomos that prooccupy tho ma|n toxt, ono may oxam|no two sa||ont modorn oxamp|os that
aroso to cha||ongo tho ro|gn|ng t|nanc|a| and phys|ca| assumpt|ons ot that monoy powor.
1hoso oxamp|os aro Commun|st Ch|na and laz| Gormany.
B. NEL1DOWN, OR NE55ACE
1. avId LI's Formula
1h|s most contomporary chaptor ot th|s vory |ong and anc|ont story bogan whon a Ch|noso mathomat|c|an, 0r. 0av|d X. l|, camo up w|th a
tormu|a that soomod a godsond to Wa|| 3troot and C|ty ot london t|nanc|a| man|pu|ators. 1ho tormu|a, known to most oconom|sts and
mathomat|ca| ana|ysts w|th|n major bank|ng housos, |s untam|||ar to most, but ||ko E|nsto|n's E=Vc
2
|t |s dost|nod to bocomo tamous |n h|story tor
tho |nt|uonco |t had on human act|ons and po||t|cs. |oro's what |t |ooks ||ko:
lr[1
A
1, 1
3
1| =
2
(-1(|
A
(1)), -1(|
3
(1), y).
8
l|, who grow up |n rura| Ch|na |n tho 1000s'
4
ovontua||y oarnod a mastor's dogroo |n oconom|cs at lanka| Un|vors|ty and thon |ott Ch|na to
pursuo an V3A trom lava| Un|vors|ty |n Ouoboc, a mastor's dogroo |n actuar|a| sc|onco and a lh.0. |n stat|st|cs trom tho Un|vors|ty ot Wator|oo |n
Ontar|o, Canada.
b
3y 1007 0r. l| had |andod at Canad|an lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco,' |ator mov|ng to 3arc|ays Cap|ta| |n 2004.
0
3ut what d|d tho tormu|a actua||y moan? What d|d |t oo
|o||x 3a|mon summar|zos tho ottoct ot tho tormu|a |n a br||||ant art|c|o, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' |n tho Varch 2000 |ssuo ot lroo magaz|no.
(l|) took a notor|ous|y tough nut - dotorm|n|ng corro|at|on, or how soom|ng|y d|sparato ovonts aro ro|atod - and crackod |t w|do opon w|th
a s|mp|o and o|ogant mathomat|ca| tormu|a, ono that wou|d bocomo ub|qu|tous |n t|nanco wor|dw|do.
|or t|vo yoars, l|'s tormu|a, known as a Gauss|an copu|a tunct|on, |ookod ||ko an unamb|guous|y pos|t|vo broakthrough, a p|oco ot
t|nanc|a| tochno|ogy that a||owod hugo|y comp|ox r|sks to bo modo|od w|th moro oaso and accuracy than ovor botoro. W|th h|s br||||ant spark
ot t|nanc|a| |ogordoma|n, l| mado |t poss|b|o tor tradors to so|| vast quant|t|os ot now socur|t|os, oxpand|ng t|nanc|a| markots to
un|mag|nab|o |ovo|s.
||s mothod was adoptod by ovorybody trom bond |nvostors and Wa|| 3troot banks to rat|ngs agonc|os and rogu|ators. And |t bocamo so
doop|y ontronchod - and was mak|ng poop|o so much monoy - that warn|ngs about |ts ||m|tat|ons woro |argo|y |gnorod.
1hon tho modo| to|| apart. Cracks startod appoar|ng oar|y on, whon t|nanc|a| markots bogan bohav|ng |n ways that usors ot l|'s tormu|a
hadn't oxpoctod. 1ho cracks bocamo tu||-t|odgod canyons |n 2008 - whon rupturos |n tho t|nanc|a| systom's toundat|on swa||owod up
tr||||ons ot do||ars and put tho surv|va| ot tho g|oba| bank|ng systom |n sor|ous por||.
..l|'s Gauss|an copu|a tormu|a w||| go down |n h|story as |nstrumonta| |n caus|ng tho untathomab|o |ossos that brought tho wor|d t|nanc|a|
systom to |ts knoos.
7
3ut aga|n, what proc|so|y d|d tho tormu|a oo? And bowd|d |t do |t? |ow d|d |t causo tho t|nanc|a| mo|tdown?
1ho koy ||os proc|so|y |n that |mportant word, corro|at|on.' l|'s tormu|a soomod to mako sonso ot tho thousands ot mov|ng parts'
8
ot an
|ntor|ockod oconom|c systom. 3a|mon |||ustratos what l|'s tormu|a d|d v|a a s|mp|o ana|ogy:
1o undorstand tho mathomat|cs ot corro|at|on bottor, cons|dor somoth|ng s|mp|o, ||ko a k|d |n an o|omontary schoo|. lot's ca|| hor A||co. 1ho
probab|||ty that hor paronts w||| got d|vorcod th|s yoar |s about b porcont, tho r|sk ot hor gott|ng hoad ||co |s about b porcont, tho chanco ot hor
soo|ng a toachor s||p on a banana poo| |s about b porcont, and tho ||ko||hood ot hor w|nn|ng tho c|ass spo|||ng boo |s about b porcont. lt |nvostors
woro trad|ng socur|t|os basod on tho chancos ot thoso th|ngs happon|ng on|y to A||co, thoy wou|d a|| trado at moro or |oss tho samo pr|co.
3ut somoth|ng |mportant happons whon wo start |ook|ng at two k|ds rathor than ono - not just A||co but a|so tho g|r| sho s|ts noxt to, 3r|tnoy. lt
3r|tnoy's paronts got d|vorcod, what aro tho chancos that A||co's paronts w||| got d|vorcod, too? 3t||| about b porcont: 1ho corro|at|on thoro |s c|oso
to zoro. 3ut |t 3r|tnoy gots hoad ||co, tho chanco that A||co w||| got hoad ||co |s much h|ghor, about b0 porcont - wh|ch moans tho corro|at|on |s
probab|y up |n tho 0.b rango. lt 3r|tnoy soos a toachor s||p on a banana poo|, what |s tho chanco A||co w||| soo |t, too? vory h|gh |ndood, s|nco thoy
s|t noxt to oach othor: lt cou|d bo as much as 0b porcont, wh|ch moans tho corro|at|on |s c|oso to 1. And |t 3r|tnoy w|ns tho c|ass spo|||ng boo, tho
chanco ot A||co w|nn|ng |t |s zoro, wh|ch moans tho corro|at|on |s nogat|vo: -1.
lt |nvostors woro trad|ng socur|t|os basod on tho chancos ot thoso th|ngs happon|ng to both A||co ooo 3r|tnoy, tho pr|cos wou|d bo a|| ovor tho
p|aco, bocauso tho corro|at|ons vary so much.
0
low tactor |n thousands, ovon m||||ons, ot |nd|v|dua|s, and thousands ot |ntor|ock|ng corro|atod cond|t|ons - onorgy pr|cos, bu||d|ng and hous|ng
costs, monoy and crod|t supp|y and so on - and ono gots tho |doa ot tho comp|ox|ty ot tho systom ot corro|at|ons, and tho bogu|||ng s|mp||c|ty ot
0r. l|'s tormu|a.
1ho roason |ts s|mp||c|ty was so bogu|||ng |s |n |tso|t rathor s|mp|o. As 3a|mon puts |t |n h|s art|c|o:
.(lt's) a vory |noxact sc|onco. 1ust moasur|ng thoso |n|t|a| b porcont probab|||t|os |nvo|vos co||oct|ng |ots ot d|sparato data po|nts and subjoct|ng
thom to a|| mannor ot stat|st|ca| and orror ana|ys|s. 1ry|ng to assoss tho cond|t|ona| probab|||t|os - tho chanco that A||co w||| got hoad ||co l 3r|tnoy
gots hoad ||co - |s an ordor ot magn|tudo hardor, s|nco thoso data po|nts aro much raror. As o roso|t o tbo scorclty o blstorlco| ooto, tbo orrors
tboro oro |lko|y to bo mocb grootor.
10
3oar that po|nt about tho nood tor h|stor|ca| data |n m|nd, tor |t not on|y p|ays a s|gn|t|cant ro|o |mmod|ato|y bo|ow |n tho mothodo|og|ca|
assumpt|ons ot 0r. l| and h|s tormu|a, but w||| p|ay an ovon moro |mportant ro|o |n chaptor two.
lt |s rogard|ng th|s po|nt ot h|stor|ca| data, or rathor, tho ossomoo |ack thoroot, that 0r. l|'s tormu|a prov|dod a way out ot tho |mpasso, or so |t
soomod at tho t|mo:
Us|ng somo ro|at|vo|y s|mp|o math - by Wa|| 3troot standards, anyway - l| camo up w|th an |ngon|ous way to modo| dotau|t corro|at|on wltboot
ovoo |ooklog ot tbo blstorlco| oooo|t ooto. lnstoad, bo osoo morkot ooto oboot tbo prlcos o lostromoots known as crod|t dotau|t swaps.
11
ln othor words, w|th|n l|'s o|ogant stat|st|ca| copu|a tormu|a ||os a h|ddon mothodo|og|ca| assumpt|on, namo|y, that h|stor|ca| data on crod|t dotau|t
ratos cou|d bo sato|y jott|sonod |n tavor ot an |mmod|ato concontrat|on on tho curront' markot pr|cos ot crod|t dotau|t swaps.' As wo sha|| soo |n
chaptor two, thoro was a groat doa| ot h|stor|ca| data ava||ab|o, and that data |n turn po|ntod to a doop phys|cs' ot t|nanc|a| cyc|os that tow
oconom|sts - or ovon phys|c|sts tor that mattor - cou|d scarco|y guoss at and ovon towor know ox|stod at a||.
3ut wo aro gott|ng ahoad ot ourso|vos. What oxact|y aro crod|t dotau|t swaps'? 1h|s |s whoro tho story ot l|'s tormu|a gots vory |ntorost|ng, and
3a|mon oxp|a|ns what thoy aro w|th c|oar conc|s|on:
lt you'ro an |nvostor, you havo a cho|co thoso days: You can o|thor |ond d|roct|y to borrowors or so|| |nvostors crod|t dotau|t swaps, losorooco
ogolost tboso somo borrowors oooo|tlog. E|thor way, you got a rogu|ar |ncomo stroam - |ntorost paymonts or |nsuranco paymonts - and o|thor
way, |t tho borrowor dotau|ts, you |oso a |ot ot monoy. 1ho roturns on both stratog|os aro noar|y |dont|ca|, bot bocooso oo oo|lmltoo oombor o
croolt oooo|t swops coo bo so|o ogolost oocb borrowor, tbo sopp|y o swops lso`t coostrolooo tbo woy tbo sopp|y o booos ls, so tbo CL5 morkot
mooogoo to growoxtromo|y roplo|y. 1hough crod|t dotau|t swaps woro ro|at|vo|y now whon l|'s papor camo out, thoy soon bocamo a b|ggor and
moro ||qu|d markot than tho bonds on wh|ch thoy woro basod.
12
Entor 0r. l|, tor h|s tormu|a was noth|ng moro than a modo| that usod pr|co rathor than roa|-wor|d dotau|t data as a shortcut (mak|ng an |mp||c|t
assumpt|on that t|nanc|a| markots |n gonora|, and C03 markots |n part|cu|ar, can pr|co dotau|t r|sk corroct|y).'
18
3a|mon oxp|a|ns l|'s tochn|quo by
m|nc|ng no words:
lt was a br||||ant s|mp||t|cat|on ot an |ntractab|o prob|om. And l| d|dn't just rad|ca||y dumb down tho d|tt|cu|ty ot work|ng out corro|at|ons, ho doc|dod
not to ovon bothor try|ng to map and ca|cu|ato a|| tho noar|y |nt|n|to ro|at|onsh|ps botwoon tho var|ous |oans that mado up a poo|. What happons
whon tho numbor ot poo| mombors |ncroasos or whon you m|x nogat|vo corro|at|ons w|th pos|t|vo onos? lovor m|nd a|| that, ho sa|d. 1ho on|y th|ng
that mattors |s tho t|na| corro|at|on numbor - ono c|oan, s|mp|o, a||-sutt|c|ont t|guro that sums up ovoryth|ng.
14
l| had roducod tho prob|om to a s|mp|o d|mons|on|oss numbor - a sca|ar |n mathomat|c|ans' torms - that |n |ts s|mp||c|ty cast a bogu|||ng spo||
ovor tho wor|d's t|nanc|a| and socur|t|os markot.
lndood, tho tormu|a's ottoct was a|most |mmod|ato and o|octr|c' bocauso Wa|| 3troot's t|nanc|a| gurus, armod w|th l|'s tormu|a' doducod trom |t
a
.now wor|d ot poss|b|||t|os. And tho t|rst th|ng thoy d|d was start croat|ng brand-now tr|p|o-A socur|t|os. Us|ng l|'s copu|a approach moant that
rat|ngs agonc|os ||ko Voody's - or anybody want|ng to modo| tho r|sk ot a (bund|o ot socur|t|os) - no |ongor noodod to puzz|o ovor tho undor|y|ng
socur|t|os. A|| thoy noodod was tho corro|at|on numbor, and out wou|d como a rat|ng to|||ng thom how sato or r|sky tho (bund|o) was.
As a rosu|t, just about anyth|ng cou|d bo bund|od and turnod |nto a tr|p|o-A bond - corporato bonds, bank |oans, mortgago-backod socur|t|os,
whatovor you ||kod. 1ho consoquont poo|s woro otton known as co||atora||zod dobt ob||gat|ons, or C0Os. You cou|d (bund|o) that poo| and croato a
tr|p|o-A socur|ty ovoo l oooo o tbo compoooots woro tbomso|vos trlp|o-A. You cou|d ovon tako |owor-ratod (bund|os) ot othor C0Os, put thom |n a
poo|, and (bund|o) thom - an |nstrumont known as a C0O-squarod, wh|ch at that po|nt wos so or romovoo rom ooy octoo| oooor|ylog booo or
|ooo or mortgogo tbot oo ooo roo||y boo o c|oo wbot lt loc|oooo. 3ut |t d|dn't mattor. A|| you noodod was l|'s copu|a tunct|on.
1b
ln othor words, tho ottoct ot 0r. l|'s tormu|a was to abandon tho tocus on tho ro|at|vo strongth and r|sk ot oach componont, s|nco thoy woro now
|ntor|ockod v|a tho copu|a |tso|t, and th|s |n turn |od to an oxp|os|on ot moro and moro bund|os' ot socur|t|os and crod|t swaps, and ovon to bund|os
ot bund|os.
As a rosu|t ot th|s |ncroas|ng |ntor|ock and corro|at|on,
1ho C03 and C0O markots grow togothor, ooolog oo oocb otbor. At tho ond ot 2001, thoro was $020 b||||on |n crod|t dotau|t swaps outstand|ng.
3y tho ond ot 2007, that numbor had skyrockotod to moro than $02 tr||||on. 1ho C0O markot, wh|ch stood at $27b b||||on |n 2000, grow to $4.7
tr||||on by 2000. At tho hoart ot |t a|| was l|'s tormu|a.
10
1o put |t succ|nct|y, l|'s tormu|a was a way ot add|ng yot anothor mu|t||ayorod ab|||ty to croato crod|t and |ntorost - an a|chom|ca| oporat|on -
out ot ||tora||y noth|ng.
1horo was a|so anothor h|ddon dangor |n l|'s tormu|a, and that was that ovon tor thoso t|nanc|a| |nst|tut|ons that olo tako |nto cons|dorat|on
h|stor|ca| data, thoro was not much h|stor|ca| data to go on tor tho s|mp|o roason that crod|t dotau|t swaps had boon |n ox|stonco |oss than a
docado,' a docado dur|ng wh|ch houso pr|cos soarod.'
17
lndood, l|'s tormu|a had tho ottoct, as a|roady has boon soon, ot |nt|at|ng such bund||ng'
oxponont|a||y and contr|but|ng to tho croat|on ot bund|os ot bund|os w|th ||tora||y m||||ons ot potont|a| corro|atod tactors, oooo o wblcb, |t boars
ropoat|ng, woro basod on h|stor|ca| data ot anyth|ng moro than a tow yoars' durat|on. And th|s rovoa|s anothor t|aw |n tho tormu|a and |ts app||cat|on
to socur|t|os corro|at|ons and tho|r rat|ngs, tor |mp||c|t |n tho tochn|quo was a h|ddon assumpt|on that corro|at|on was moro ot a constant than a
var|ab|o,'
18
that |s, wh||o tho |nd|v|dua| compononts ot such bund|os woro var|ab|o, tho|r corro|at|on was oot.
Consoquont|y, by abandon|ng h|stor|ca| data, and by ro|y|ng upon th|s h|ddon assumpt|on ot corro|at|on constancy, tho modo| coo|o oot copo w|th
any suddon downturn |n pr|cos, such as occurrod |n tho hous|ng markot and mortgago soctors. ln short, tho who|o tochn|quo had abandonod tho
wo||- and common|y-known tact that oconom|c act|v|ty, tor whatovor roason, sooms to occur |n ropoatod cyc|os ot growth and doc||no, or |t ono
protor, ot boom' and bust.' And |n th|s know|odgo ot cyc|os, as w||| bo soon, thoro a|so ||os qu|to a ta|o, and a carotu||y h|ddon ono at that.
3usp|c|ous|y, 0r. l|, attor pub||sh|ng h|s tormu|a, roturnod to Ch|na |n 2008 and has boon cur|ous|y s||ont dur|ng tho dobato ovor tho causos and
cu|pr|ts boh|nd tho crash. 3ut |n tho u|t|mato tw|st to tho story, ho has roturnod to 3o|j|ng whoro ho |s |n chargo ot tho r|sk-managomont dopartmont
ot Ch|na lntornat|ona| Cap|ta| Corporat|on'!
10
1h|s ra|sos d|sturb|ng poss|b|||t|os, not tho |oast ot wh|ch was that tho who|o op|sodo m|ght
conco|vab|y havo boon a torm ot oconom|c wartaro, but by whom, and aga|nst whom?
Whatovor tho answor to that quost|on may bo - and |t |s not as apparont as |t m|ght soom - |t |s c|oar that 0r. l|'s tormu|a wou|d prov|do tho
nocossary mathomat|ca| tochn|quo and tochno|ogy' to anyono |nc||nod to wago such oconom|c wartaro, part|cu|ar|y |t such porsons or groups woro
|n tho possoss|on ot h|stor|ca| or othor data that |nd|catod an |nov|tab|o oconom|c downturn woro com|ng, and who, sook|ng to worson |t tor tho|r
own purposos, usod l|'s tormu|a to croato tho corro|at|vos or dor|vat|vos bubb|o ot bund|os and crod|t swaps, a bubb|o that wou|d pop whon tho
|nov|tab|o ta|| |n pr|cos occurrod. As w||| bo soon |n chaptor two, thoro |s proc|so|y such data ava||ab|o, and |t d|d |nd|cato an |nov|tab|o cyc||c
oconom|c downturn wou|d bog|n ca. 2000-2000.
2. 1he LI Clan, the CanadIan lmperIal Bank o| Commerce, and the 1rIads
3ut that |s not a|| thoro |s to tho 0av|d l| story. 1h|s part ot tho story, howovor, appoars to havo boon carotu||y h|ddon trom tho pub||c, tor roasons
that w||| bocomo apparont |n a momont. As notod abovo, among 0r. l|'s many caroor movos and pos|t|ons, ho bogan to work tor Canad|an
lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco |n 1007, mov|ng trom thoro to 3arc|ay's |n 2004. 1hus, whon h|s papor w|th tho notor|ous tormu|a - On 0otau|t
Corro|at|on: A Copu|a Approach' - was pub||shod |n 2000, l| st||| workod tor Canad|an lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco.
1h|s rovoa|s somo |ntorost|ng poss|b|o connoct|ons.
As most poop|o know, Ch|noso namos actua||y bog|n w|th tho surnamo, to||owod by tho |nd|v|dua|'s propor namo. 1hus my namo, to||ow|ng tho
Ch|noso custom, wou|d bo |arro|| 1osoph rathor than 1osoph |arro||. Voro |mportant|y, tho namo l| |s a ta|r|y common surnamo |n Ch|na, ||ko tho
namo 3m|th or 3rown wou|d bo |n tho U.3.A., 3r|ta|n, or Canada. loop|o w|th a common surnamo do not thorotoro |mp|y any b|ood ro|at|on, and
poop|o w|th tho samo surnamo aro otton strangors to oach othor.
1ho samo ho|ds truo tor Ch|na, but w|th ono s|gn|t|cant oxcopt|on. ln Ch|noso cu|turo, poop|o w|th tho samo surnamo - rogard|oss ot whothor
thoro aro b|ood t|os or not - aro rogardod by tho Ch|noso as com|ng trom tho samo tam||y, or c|an. 1hus, two Ch|noso strangors w|th tho samo
surnamo w||| moro otton than not rogard oach othor d|ttoront|y than two strangors w|th oloroot surnamos. 1hoy w|||, to a corta|n oxtont, rogard oach
othor as part ot a vory |argo tam||y, oxtond|ng to oach othor tho customs and courtos|os common botwoon tam||y mombors.
And th|s p|acos 0r. 0av|d X. l| |nto a vory d|ttoront potont|a| |ntorprot|vo contoxt, tor at tho samo t|mo as ho was omp|oyod by tho Canad|an
lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco and author|ng h|s now notor|ous papor, a to||ow c|ansman, ono l| Ka|-3h|ng, ownod a s|gn|t|cant b|oc ot that bank's
stock.
3ut who |s l| Ka|-3h|ng? |o |s ono ot |ong Kong's most tamous b||||ona|ros, who, a|ong w|th h|s sons v|ctor and l|chard, assumod s|gn|t|cant
govornmonta| posts to a|d |n tho trans|t|on ot |ong Kong trom a 3r|t|sh Crown Co|ony back to Ch|noso jur|sd|ct|on. l| Ka|-3h|ng's t|nanc|a| omp|ro
strotchos through As|a's mod|a and t|nanc|a| markots, and ovon moro s|gn|t|cant|y, anothor l|, l| Ch|ang, was at ono t|mo hoad ot lod Ch|na's
Ch|na lntornat|ona| 1rust and lnvostmont Corporat|on, |n chargo bas|ca||y ot Ch|na's toro|gn trado w|th tho Wost, and part|cu|ar|y w|th tho Un|tod
3tatos and Canada.
20
Attor 0r. 0av|d l| |ott tho Canad|an lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco |n 2004, l| Ka|-3h|ng so|d h|s stako |n tho bank tho vory
noxt yoar.
21
lot ovon th|s, howovor, bog|ns to p|umb tho dopths ot tho |mportanco ot tho l| c|an |n Ch|na, tor tho c|an has had sovora| omporors, |nc|ud|ng
Emporor l| Zhuanxu, who ro|gnod botoro 2000 3.C. Add|t|ona||y, a l| toundod tho 1ang 0ynasty (018-000 A.0.). Vost s|gn|t|cant|y, tho l| c|an
appoars to havo boon |nvo|vod w|th t|nanc|a| whoo||ng and doa||ng trom an oar|y t|mo, bo|ng tho samo c|an that |ntroducod papor monoy to Ch|na
dur|ng tho samo 1ang dynasty.
22
Wo now havo tho to||ow|ng |ntr|gu|ng |att|cowork ot ro|at|onsh|ps:
1. An o|d and |nt|uont|a| Ch|noso c|an, vory much |nvo|vod |n govornmont and t|nanco, trom oar|y Ch|noso h|story,
2. 1ho samo c|an |nvo|vod |n tho samo act|v|t|os m|||onn|a |ator, and
8. Ono mombor ot tho c|an dovo|ops tbo tormu|a that |od to tho curront mo|tdown. And tar trom bo|ng olsmlssoo as a compotont r|sk assossor by tho
Ch|noso, ho roturns to Ch|na to a post do|ng proc|so|y what h|s tormu|a was dos|gnod to do: assoss r|sk!
A|| th|s, ot courso, p|acos 0av|d X. l|'s roturn to lod Ch|na and assumpt|on ot a pos|t|on |n a Ch|noso corporat|on concornod w|th ovorsoas trado,
and onco aga|n |n a pos|t|on whoro ho |s assoss|ng r|sk,' |nto a vory |ntorost|ng contoxt, mak|ng |t un||ko|y that h|s and namosako l| Ka|-3h|ng's
doparturo trom tho Canad|an lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco woro co|nc|donta|.
3ut not ovon th|s to||s tho who|o ta|o ot tho l| c|an!
1ho l| c|an |s ono ot tho pr|nc|pa| tam|||os wh|ch has contro||od' tho notor|ous Ch|noso cr|m|na| socrot soc|oty, tho 1r|ads.
28
Accord|ng to
rosoarchor |r|tz 3pr|ngmo|or, tho to||ow|ng l|s havo boon |oadors ot var|ous soct|ons ot tho 1r|ads:
l| Ch|-t'ang -ovorsoas |oador
l| |s|on-ch|h
l| |s|u-ch'ong -|unan
l| |ung -|onan
l| K'a|-ch'on -1r|ad, 3hangha|
l| lap 1|ng -Kwangs| prov|nco
l| l|ng-ch'|ng -1r|ad, 3hangha|
l| 3h|h-ch|n
l| Won-mao -north ot lok|ng, |atshan
l| Yuan-ta -|unan
l| Cho|-tat -|ong Kong
l| 1ahtar-Vah -3r|ta|n
24
And just what aro tho 1r|ads? 1hoy aro a Ch|noso cr|m|na| socrot soc|oty, doop|y connoctod w|th tho op|um trado, tho pract|co ot Ch|noso occu|t
act|v|t|os, and thoy aro, |n 3pr|ngmo|or's apt doscr|pt|on, somoth|ng ot a cross botwoon tho Vasons and tho Vat|a - somoth|ng |n tho ||no ot l2
|roomasonry - oxcopt much b|ggor.'
2b
lndood, somo ost|matos put tho momborsh|p ot tho 1r|ads and s|m||ar Or|onta| socrot soc|ot|os as c|oso to
two m||||on, |t not moro. 1hus, tho poss|b|||ty that tho ont|ro curront mo|tdown was tho a covort act ot oconom|c wartaro |ooms rathor |argo, ospoc|a||y
g|von tho tact that tho Canad|an lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco |s a|so known to havo somo strong t|os to tho lothsch||d bank|ng |ntorost.
ln short, wo havo c|oar |nd|cat|ons ot tho poss|b|||ty that Ch|na has s|gna|od that |t |s not s|mp|y go|ng to bo a subsorv|ont p|ayor |n whatovor low
Wor|d Ordor' schomos tho Ang|o-Amor|can o||to w|shos to |mp|omont and |mposo on tho rost ot tho wor|d.
ln th|s rospoct, |t |s |mportant to obsorvo tho pattorn that tho l| c|an typ|t|os:
1. 1ho c|an |s anc|ont, w|th strong t|os go|ng back m|||onn|a, both to govornmont and t|nanco,
2. 1ho c|an |s moroovor connoctod w|th a socrot soc|oty, whoso act|v|t|os |n turn aro connoctod w|th:
a. Occu|t ro||g|ous act|v|ty,
b. Cr|m|na| bus|noss organ|zat|on and act|v|ty,
c. Assass|nat|ons, b|ackma||, and |nt||trat|on ot govornmont and t|nanco,
8. 1ho c|an |s c|oar|y connoctod to a mathomat|ca| modo| ot oconom|c and crod|t act|v|ty, |mp|y|ng a h|ddon |ntorost |n dovo|op|ng such torma||y
oxp||c|t modo|s, and t|na||y,
4. 1hat modo| |s tbo cu|pr|t rospons|b|o tor tho curront oconom|c mo|tdown, wh|ch has attoctod pr|mar||y tho |nst|tut|ons ot tho Ang|o-Amor|can
t|nanc|a| o||to.
As w||| bo soon, such act|v|t|os and pattorns or ro|at|onsh|ps aro not un|quo to tho prosont or prov|ous contury. 1hoy aro, |n tact (as tho l| c|an |tso|t
ov|doncos) m|||onn|a o|d and t|rm|y rootod w|th|n tho h|story ot human c|v|||zat|ons and tho|r bank|ng c|ass. |owovor, tho cons|stoncy ot th|s bohav|or
and th|s consto||at|on ot ro|at|onsh|ps |s rootod |n somoth|ng moro' - and corta|n|y noth|ng |oss - than human naturo,' or grood,' or ovon tho
prod|ctab|o act|ons ot a part|cu|ar soc|o-oconom|c c|ass.'
1hat somoth|ng o|so ||os |n a ||tt|o-not|cod connoct|on botwoon phys|cs and t|nanco that | s as o|d as man's tasc|nat|on w|th tho stars, and w|th
what good or ||| tortunos thoy m|ght portond. And that |s a|so to say that thoro has boon, s|nco anc|ont t|mos, a protound connoct|on botwoon
phys|cs and oconom|cs, and a strugg|o botwoon thoso who v|ow both as c|osod systoms, and thoso who v|ow both as opon systoms. Wo sha|| ca||
thoso who adhoro to tho c|osod systom ot phys|cs and t|nanco by tho torm bankstors,' to |nd|cato tho ch|mor|ca| and cr|m|na| hybr|ds ot gangstor
and bankor. 1hoso poop|o aro |ndood dr|von by an a|most bound|oss |ust tor powor, by a cr|m|na| grood and wanton d|srogard ot tho human|ty thoy
w|sh to ons|avo. 3ut thoy aro a|so dr|von by a know|odgo ot corta|n h|ddon th|ngs, among thom tho protound ro|at|onsh|p botwoon phys|cs and
t|nanco.
3. ChIna's Money
1horo |s a ||tt|o-known aspoct to Ch|na's boom|ng oconomy that Wostorn t|nanc|ors, oconom|sts, and mod|a mandar|ns aro |oath to d|scuss, and
that |s that Ch|na's monoy |s croatod by Cbloo, and oot borrowod trom pr|vato bankors. ln ottoct, th|s moans Ch|na's monoy |s oobt-roo. ln short,
Commun|st Ch|na has to||owod tho procodont ostab||shod by tho Amor|can todora| const|tut|on, whoro tho monoy-croat|ng and |ssu|ng powor ||os
w|th tho Congross, that |s, w|th tho stato. As E||on |odgson 3rown obsorvod |n hor mag|stor|a| book on tho who|o prob|om ot contra| pr|vato
bank|ng monopo||os on monoy |ssuanco, ob o Lobt, tho koy d|ttoronco |n Ch|na's systom and that prova|||ng |n most othor nat|ons
ls |ts bank|ng systom. Ch|na has a govornmont-|ssuod curroncy and a systom ot nat|ona| banks that aro actua||y ownod by tho nat|on. Accord|ng to
W|k|pod|a, tho loop|o's 3ank ot Ch|na |s unusua| |n act|ng as a nat|ona| bank, ocoslog oo tbo coootry oot oo tbo corroocy.' 1ho not|on ot
nat|ona| bank|ng,' as opposod to pr|vato contra| bank|ng,' goos back to l|nco|n, Caroy, and tho Amor|can nat|ona||sts. |onry C.K. l|u
d|st|ngu|shos tho two systoms ||ko th|s: a nat|ona| bank sorvos tho |ntorosts ot tho nat|on and |ts poop|o. A contra| bank sorvos tho |ntorosts ot
pr|vato |ntornat|ona| t|nanco.
20
Evon though Ch|na's curroncy, tho yuan, |s poggod to tho do||ar |n torms ot |ts oxchango rato va|uo, Ch|na's bank|ng systom |s tostamont to tho tact
that |ts govornmont has soon what Amor|can po||t|c|ans and a groat doa| ot |ts poop|o ormor|y undorstood, namo|y that whon a pr|vato bank
croatos monoy, |t oo|y crootos tbo prloclpo|, oot tbo lotorost. Whon a stato, on tho othor hand, croatos monoy, |t has tho ab|||ty to oxpand tho monoy
supp|y accord|ng to tho crod|t noods ot tho nat|on.
ln short, whon a nat|on's monoy roprosonts o prloclpo| oo wblcb lotorost ls owoo, somoooo o|woys comos oot tbo |osor, sloco tboro ls oovor
oooogb moooy lo clrco|otloo to ropoy tbo oobt lotorost, ooo tbos, o ootlooo| oobt coo oovor bo ropolo, lt coo oo|y grow. Contrar|w|so, whon a
nat|on's monoy roprosonts o rocolpt or gooos ooo sorvlcos rooooroo ooo ls lssooo lotorost-roo by tbo stoto ltso|, tbot stoto coo oxporlooco
o|most toto| omp|oymoot, ooo tboro ls oo bol|t-lo prloclpo| o oobt ooo scorclty.
lt |s thoso two systoms, whoro monoy |s croatod by a pr|vato monopo|y |n ||m|tod supp|y, wh|ch roprosonts an |ntorost-boar|ng dobt noto, or whoro
monoy |s croatod by tho stato as a roco|pt tor goods and sorv|cos and |s oobt-roo, that aro tho two systoms wh|ch havo contondod aga|nst oach
othor throughout h|story. ln tho tormor systom, tho systom ot monoy |n c|rcu|at|on |s c|osoo, and thoro |s novor as much monoy |n c|rcu|at|on as thoro
|s dobt, and honco, scarc|ty bocomos tho ordor ot tho day, as ||m|tod supp||os ot monoy compoto tor ||m|tod goods, rosourcos, and onorgy. ln tho
|attor systom, tho systom ot monoy |s opoo and can oxpand, as tho oconomy whoso goods and sorv|cos |t roprosonts as roco|pts oxpands w|th |t. ln
torms ot tho ana|ogy to phys|cs, tho tormor systom can oovor tunct|on at ovor-un|ty, whoroas |n tho |attor systom, |t most tunct|on as such.
C. NAZ| CERNANY: PEY5|C5 AND F|NANCE FuLLY RA1|ONAL|ZED
1h|s ro|at|onsh|p botwoon t|nanco and phys|cs was, |n modorn t|mos, t|rst c|oar|y porco|vod by that nat|on wh|ch not on|y ostab||shod stato-
croatod dobt-troo monoy, but wh|ch a|so sponsorod a var|oty ot socrot rosoarch projocts |nto troo-onorgy' phys|cs and tochno|og|os: laz|
Gormany.
Whon Wor|d War l ondod and tho A|||os |mposod war roparat|ons on dotoatod Gormany, tho tota| roparat|ons to bo pa|d oxcoodod tho va|uo ot
a|| tho proporty |n Gormany by throo t|mos!
27
Anyono who has stud|od tho h|story knows tho story: Gormany hypor-|nt|atod |ts curroncy, pay|ng ott
tho A|||os w|th |ncroas|ng|y worth|oss lo|chsmarks and dostroy|ng Gormany's oconomy |n tho procoss. 3ut, |t |s to bo notod, thoso lo|chsmarks
woro st||| tho |ssuancos ot a pr|vato|y contro||od bank, and thus, Gormany's dobt s|tuat|on on|y compoundod dramat|ca||y.
||t|or's lo|chsbank lros|dont, 0r. |ja|mar |oraco Groo|oy 3chacht, |ot tho b|g socrot out |n h|s 1007 book 7bo Voglc o Voooy.
1ho mark's dramat|c dova|uat|on bogan soon attor tho lo|chsbank was pr|vat|zod,' or do||vorod to pr|vato |nvostors. bot orovo tbo wortlmo
lo|otloo loto byporlo|otloo, solo 5cbocbt, wos spoco|otloo by orolgo lovostors, wbo woo|o so|| tbo mork sbort, bottlog oo lts oocrooslog vo|oo..
3pocu|at|on |n tho Gorman mark was mado poss|b|o bocauso tho lo|chsbank mado mass|vo amounts ot curroncy ava||ab|o tor borrow|ng, marks
that woro croatod on domand and |ont at a prot|tab|o |ntorost to tho bank. Whon tho lo|chsbank cou|d not koop up w|th tho vorac|ous domand tor
marks, othor pr|vato |nvostmont banks woro a||owod to croato thom out ot noth|ng and |ond thom at |ntorost as wo||.
28
1hus, tho Gorman govornmont was not rospons|b|o tor tho postwar hypor|nt|at|on. lt was Gormany's prlvoto|y owooo cootro| book ooo lts mooopo|y
oo tbo coootry`s moooy crootloo - moooy crootoo os o clrco|otlog ooto o oobt - tbot crootoo tbo prob|om! Gormany's oconomy was crashod
and dovastatod by tho bankors.
Unt|| ||t|or.
Wh||o most poop|o aro awaro that var|ous pr|vato t|nanc|a| powors |n tho Wost woro |nstrumonta| |n p|ac|ng ||t|or and tho lat|ona| 3oc|a||st larty
|nto powor |n Gormany,
20
what most do not roa||zo |s how qu|ck|y ||t|or turnod on h|s backors and rotusod to p|ay ba|| by tho samo o|d lockoto||or-
lothsch||d ru|os:
.(A)utocrat|c author|ty d|d g|vo Ado|t ||t|or somoth|ng tho Amor|can Groonbackors cou|d on|y droam about - tota| contro| ot tho oconomy. |o was
ab|o to tost tho|r thoor|os, and ho provod that thoy workod. l|ko tor l|nco|n, ||t|or's cho|cos woro to o|thor subm|t to tota| dobt s|avory or croato h|s
own t|at monoy, and ||ko l|nco|n, ho choso tho t|at so|ut|on. |o |mp|omontod a p|an ot pub||c works a|ong tho ||nos proposod by 1acob Coxoy and
tho Groonbackors |n tho 1800s. lrojocts oarmarkod tor tund|ng |nc|udod t|ood contro|, ropa|r ot pub||c bu||d|ngs and pr|vato ros|doncos, and
construct|on ot now bu||d|ngs, roads, br|dgos, cana|s, and port tac|||t|os. 1ho projoctod cost ot tho var|ous programs was t|xod at ono b||||on un|ts ot
tho nat|ona| curroncy. Ono b||||on non-|nt|at|onary b|||s ot oxchango ca||od labor 1roasury Cort|t|catos woro thon |ssuod aga|nst th|s cost. V||||ons ot
poop|o woro put to work on thoso projocts, and tho workors woro pa|d w|th tho 1roasury Cort|t|catos. 1ho workors thon spont tho cort|t|catos on
goods and sorv|cos, croat|ng moro jobs tor moro poop|o. 1ho cort|t|catos woro a|so rotorrod to as VE|O b|||s, or somot|mos as |odor monoy.' .
(1)hoy avo|dod tho nood to borrow trom |ntornat|ona| |ondors or to pay ott |ntornat|ona| dobt.
1ho rosu|t ot thoso laz| mach|nat|ons aga|nst tho |ntornat|ona| monoy powor was prod|ctab|o: toro|gn crod|t was rotusod, and honco, Gormany
tacod an a|most comp|oto |nab|||ty to conduct toro|gn trado and commorco. 3ut aga|n, tho laz| rog|mo d|d an ond run around tho bankstors,
rostor|ng toro|gn trado by cutt|ng out tho bank|ng m|dd|oman and rosort|ng to a systom ot bartor w|th othor nat|ons.
80
And whoro d|d ||t|or got thoso rad|ca|' t|nanc|a| |doas?
Whon ho t|rst attondod a moot|ng ot tho oar|y lat|ona| 3oc|a||st larty, ho |oarnod ot tho v|ows ot a Gorman oconom|st namod Gotttr|od |odor.
1ho bas|s ot |odor's |doas was that tho stato shou|d croato and contro| |ts monoy supp|y through a nat|ona||zod contra| bank rathor than
havo |t croatod by pr|vato|y ownod banks, to whom |ntorost wou|d havo to bo pa|d. |rom th|s v|ow dor|vod tho conc|us|on that t|nanco had
ons|avod tho popu|at|on by usurp|ng tho nat|on's contro| ot monoy.
81
|odor and othor Gorman thoor|sts had tor tho|r part basod tho|r thoor|os on a study ot tho Amor|can const|tut|on, and moro |mportant|y, that
lros|dont Abraham l|nco|n had t|nancod tho lorthorn ottort |n tho Amor|can C|v|| War by croat|ng dobt-troo groonbacks,' bypass|ng low York
banks and |ntorost dobt comp|oto|y.
82
3ut laz| Gormany d|d somoth|ng o|so, somoth|ng qu|to s|gn|t|cant. loa||z|ng that Gormany was at tho morcy ot tho vory bankstors that contro||od
tho wor|d's o|| supp||os and honco tho onorgy noodod to ma|nta|n Gormany's nat|ona| sovoro|gnty, 1ho 1h|rd lo|ch ostab||shod ont|ro dopartmonts
ot tho 33 ca||od tho lorscboog, Eotwlck|oog, ooo Potooto, and tho 55 Eotwlck|oogsto||o 4, or losoarch, 0ovo|opmont, and latonts,' and 33
0ovo|opmont Aroa |our,' rospoct|vo|y. 1ho top socrot m|ss|on br|ot ot thoso dopartmonts woro to scour and pu|| patonts hav|ng nat|ona| socur|ty
|mp||cat|ons, and to lovostlgoto ooo oovo|op tbo tocboo|oglos o roo ooorgy,' l.o., tbo tocboo|oglos tbot woo|o o||owOormooy to ooglooor tbo
pbyslco| moolom ooo lts ooorgy olroct|y, ooo to top loto lt or lts ooorgy oooos, ooo os o woopoo.
88
Add to th|s tho tact that, w|th|n tho |nto||octua|
cau|dron that was tho 33, |doas trom advancod though ||tt|o-known phys|cs concopt|ons c|rcu|atod and porco|atod a|ong w|th tho |doa that thoro
was a phys|cs h|ddon |n anc|ont tomos and op|cs,
84
and ono now obta|ns a vory rovoa||ng sot ot ro|at|onsh|ps:
1. A nat|on that has rostorod |ts sovoro|gn r|ght to |ssuo |ts own dobt-troo curroncy, broak|ng trom tho orb|t ot tho |ntornat|ona| monoy powor,
2. A nat|on that has a|so c|oar|y soon that |n ordor to broak comp|oto|y trom tho dom|nanco ot that powor, |t must havo accoss to a comp|oto|y d|ttoront
sourco ot onorgy that |s noar|y |noxhaust|b|o and not monopo||zod by that pr|vato monoy powor,
8. 1hus, that nat|on must sook to dovo|op and contro| tho tochno|og|os ot tho man|pu|at|on ot that onorgy tor |tso|t, and t|na||y,
4. 1hat nat|on has porco|vod oo oocloot |lok or connoct|on botwoon tho phys|cs |t sooks to dovo|op, and tho t|nanc|a| po||cy |t sooks to dovo|op.
Ono may d|scorn trom th|s ||st qu|to obv|ous|y that laz| Gormany was not on|y ab|o to ach|ovo noar|y tu|| omp|oymont moro yoars attor tho rog|mo
took powor, but that |t was vory do||borato|y goar|ng up tor an |nov|tab|o war. 3ut th|s ||st d|sc|osos a poss|b|o h|ddon roosoo tor thoso war
proparat|ons boyond thoso ot tho laz| |ust ot ||v|ng spaco' and wor|d conquost, Gormany's doc|s|on to |ssuo stato-croatod monoy wou|d moan
that tho |ntornat|ona| t|nanc|ors wou|d bo unab|o to oxorc|so.contro| through tho |ntornat|ona| go|d standard.and th|s may havo |od to contro|||ng
Gormany through wartaro |nstoad.'
8b
1h|s h|ddon roason tor tho war - that tho A|||os ossont|a||y actod as agonts' tor tho |ntornat|ona| monoy
powor aga|nst a groat powor that had ossont|a||y sovorod a|| connoct|ons to |t - may a|so prov|do a s|m||ar rat|ona||zat|on tor tho A|||od domands
tor Gorman uncond|t|ona| surrondor, ossont|a||y onsur|ng that tho war wou|d cont|nuo unt|| Gormany was bas|ca||y dostroyod and phys|ca||y
occup|od.
1ho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon bank|ng and tho quost to acqu|ro, or suppross, oxot|c phys|cs tochno|ogy may bo g||mpsod by yot anothor dotour, th|s
t|mo to a pors|stont strugg|o.
D. ENERCY AND NONEY-CREA1|NC Au1ARCEY
lt ono takos thoso two vory d|sparato |nstancos as a c|uo, and ospoc|a||y that ot laz| Gormany, thon th|s suggosts that thoro has boon a
pors|stont strugg|o throughout h|story botwoon thoso who w|sh to domocrat|zo tho product|on ot onorgy, basod on a|tornat|vo onorgy tochno|og|os,'
and who, s|m||ar|y, w|sh to rostoro to tho stato |ts monoy-croat|ng powor and wrost |t trom pr|vato hands, and thoso who w|sh to monopo||zo that
h|ddon tochno|ogy and phys|cs, and s|m||ar|y, to ho|d a pr|vato monopo|y ovor tho monoy-croat|on ot var|ous statos.
Cons|dor what thoso vory un|quo and d|ttoront oxamp|os d|sc|oso:
1. ln tho caso ot Commun|st Ch|na, wo havo an |nstanco ot a modorn and tochno|og|ca||y soph|st|catod wor|d powor |ssu|ng stato-croatod dobt-troo
monoy, a tact that has |od to |ts oconom|c boom and |ts |ndopondonco' trom tho |ntornat|ona| monoy powor,
2. ln tho caso ot laz| Gormany, wo havo not on|y a nat|on that saw tho advantago ot such stato-|ssuod dobt-troo curroncy, but a|so ot a stato that
c|oar|y saw tho connoct|on botwoon that sovoro|gn monoy powor and tho ana|ogous phys|cs ot roco|v|ng |ts onorgy olroct|y trom tho phys|ca|
mod|um, an onorgy sourco oot basod on non-ronowab|o onorgy rosourcos.' |urthormoro, |t |s c|oar|y |mp||od by tho laz| 33' |ntorost |n anc|ont
and osotor|c toxts that thoro may bo an anc|ont connoct|on botwoon th|s typo ot t|nanco and th|s typo ot phys|cs,
As w||| bo soon, tho strugg|o botwoon thoso two camps has oruptod throughout h|story |n v|o|onco, as tho |attor group that advocatos opon
systoms sooks to ovorturn tho dom|nant ordor ot tho monoychangors - tho bankstors - basod on c|osod systoms, or, convorso|y, as tho
bankstors sook to oxtond tho|r powor v|a c|osod systoms ot phys|cs and oconom|cs must rospond to tho |nov|tab|o throat posod by c|v|||zat|ons or
countr|os adopt|ng tho opon onos. Vost rocont|y that strugg|o oruptod |n tho onormous cont||ct wo ca|| Wor|d War ll, as laz| Gormany, tor whatovor
|ts gonoc|da| and murdorous cr|mos aga|nst human|ty, at |oast porco|vod port ot tho strugg|o corroct|y: |t was a war to troo Gormany trom a ho|nous
|ntornat|ona| monoy powor - m|sroprosontod ot courso |n laz| |doo|ogy by tho 1ows - basod |n Groat 3r|ta|n and tho 3r|t|sh Emp|ro, and |n tho
Un|tod 3tatos ot Amor|ca.
1hus, laz| Gormany's pursu|t ot troo onorgy' and onorgy |ndopondonco' or autarchy,' as wo|| as hor pursu|t ot a rad|ca| a|tornat|vo hypor-
d|mons|ona| phys|cs, was a part ot that strugg|o.
80
3y tho samo tokon, not tor noth|ng d|d laz| Gormany ossont|a||y rostoro tho |doa ot pub||c, dobt-
troo, stoto-crootoo monoy and crod|t, wh||o s|mu|tanoous|y pursu|ng thoso supor-socrot advancod phys|cs projocts. 1ho two woro concoptua||y
un|tod, and, as wo sha|| a|so d|scovor w|th|n thoso pagos, had boon so tor a |ong t|mo. 1ho laz|s woro s|mp|y tho onos who |n modorn t|mos t|rst
drow tho connoct|on botwoon phys|cs and t|nanco, and dotorm|nod to do somoth|ng about |t. As tar as laz| Gormany was concornod, thon, thoro
was a gr|s|y and gruosomo |og|c to tho |o|ocaust, tor hav|ng |dont|t|od Wor|d 1owry' as tho contor ot th|s lntornat|ona| Vonoy lowor, tho uso ot
ons|avod 1ows |n tho concontrat|on camps to croato th|s now phys|cs and |ts assoc|atod tochno|og|os, and a now oconomy on wh|ch thoy hopod
ovontua||y to p|aco tho lo|ch, was |n tho|r warpod v|ow a k|nd ot just|co' motod out to thoso who had so ravagod and p|||agod Gormany |n tho wako
ot tho vorsa|||os 1roaty and tho 0awos and Young l|ans. 1horo was, ot courso, a ha|t-truth to th|s, tor thoro was |ndood a prom|nont o|omont ot
1ow|sh, or rathor, Z|on|st |nt|uonco |n such t|nanc|a| c|rc|os. Ono nood on|y roca|| tho namos ot lothsch||d, Warburg, 3ch|tt and so on |n th|s rogard.
3ut thoro a|| truth stops and tho ||os bog|n, tor thoro was a|so a prom|nont o|omont ot lrotostant mon|od groups |nvo|vod as wo||. 1hus, tor
cons|stoncy's sako, tho laz|s shou|d oqua||y havo boon concornod w|th tho lrotostant ar|stocracy ot Eng|and, Amor|ca, Canada, and ovon tho|r
own country as wo||.
Wor|d War ll ondod, ot courso, w|th tho dotoat ot laz| Gormany, but not nocossar||y w|th tho dotoat ot Nozlsm and |ts goa|s |n a|tornat|vo phys|cs
and t|nanco.
87
|owovor, as wo sha|| soo, tho postwar por|od bogan w|th an unusua| ovont, an ovont l bo||ovo many to havo protound|y
m|s|ntorprotod. lathor than soo|ng that a k|nd ot ootooto or mooos vlvoool was struck botwoon o|omonts ot what l ca|| tho laz| lntornat|ona|' on
tho ono hand and tho g|oba||st Ang|o-Amor|can corporato and bank|ng o||to on tho othor, most protor to v|ow corta|n ovonts as tostamont to tho tact
that ono moro or |oss cohoront and mono||th|c |ntornat|ona| consp|racy ot monoy' ox|sts, and that |t |s ontor|ng tho ond gamo phaso' ot |ts goa| ot
tota| wor|d dom|nat|on. 1ho c|osor to that goa| that th|s group actua||y approachos, tho moro sharp and acuto w||| tact|ona| |nt|ght|ng w|th|n |t
bocomo, part|cu|ar|y as such bankstors aro |n thra|| to tho c|osod systom parad|gm ot phys|cs and t|nanco. ln short, that postwar dotonto |s show|ng
d|st|nct|vo s|gns ot broak|ng down, as oach tact|on manouvors to omorgo as tho dom|nant tact|on whon tho ovontua| goa| |s roachod. |or that
g|oba||st o||to, th|s prob|om |s turthor compoundod by tho omorgonco ot tho oconom|c powors ot Euras|a - luss|a, Ch|na, and 1apan - who aro
a|so show|ng |ncroas|ng s|gns ot ro|uctanco to p|ay by tho t|rod o|d ru|os ot tho Ang|o-Amor|can omp|ro. W|tnoss onco aga|n 0r. l|'s mystor|ous
d|sappoaranco' trom tho Wost and roomorgonco as a r|sk managor tor a prom|nont corporat|on |n Commun|st Ch|na!
|owovor, botwoon thoso por|ods whon th|s cont||ct ot wor|dv|ows ot phys|cs and t|nanco broaks out |nto opon v|o|onco and wartaro, tho strugg|o
|s moro covort and h|ddon, as suggostod, aga|n, by tho 0av|d l| op|sodo. ln tho caso ot such covort wartaro, tho var|ous tact|ons ot |ntornat|ona|
bankstors rosort to ovory occu|tod moans at tho|r d|sposa| to suppross opon dovo|opmont ot a|tornat|vo phys|cs - and thorotoro ot tho a|tornat|vo
oconom|os and t|nanc|a| |nst|tut|ons such phys|cs wou|d |nov|tab|y ushor |n - wh||o thoy sook to ma|nta|n tho status quo and bocomo tho dom|nant
tact|on w|th|n |t. 1ho mothods, ch|ot|y, aro throoto|d: thoy must t|rst suppross tocboo|oglos that tost|ty to tho ox|stonco ot anothor phys|cs than tho
pub||c consumpt|on phys|cs' thoy havo so carotu||y |ncu|catod tor tho massos and promotod |n acadom|os and toxtbooks. 3ocond|y, thoy must
suppross tbo o|torootlvo pbyslcs ltso|, tor |n somo rospocts |t |s tho roa| sourco ot tho|r powor, as wo sha|| a|so ovontua||y soo. 1h|rd|y, and t|na||y,
thoy must obtuscato tho protound, doop, and anc|ont cooooctloos botwoon th|s a|tornat|vo phys|cs and a|tornat|vo |nst|tut|ons ot t|nanco and
oconomy.
1o sum |t up, thoy must sook to suppross |ts opon dovo|opmont, wh||o s|mu|tanoous|y pursuo |ts covort dovo|opmont so that thoy can, |n turn,
mooopo|lzo |t and turthor conso||dato powor |nto tho|r own hands. 3y tho samo tokon, th|s moans that any g|von tact|on w|th|n what |s ca||od 1ho
low Wor|d Ordor' must ||kow|so |nh|b|t or arrost tho dovo|opmont ot such a|tornat|vo thoor|os and tochno|og|os by rlvo| tact|ons, or a|tornat|vo|y,
dovo|op supor|or vors|ons ot |t, or dotonsos aga|nst |t, thomso|vos. Convorso|y, thoso groups or |nd|v|dua|s advocat|ng opon systoms ot phys|cs
and oconom|cs not on|y must run tho gaunt|ot ot a|| who opposo thom, but dovo|op tho|r thoor|os and tochno|og|os and br|ng thom to as w|do a
pub||c as qu|ck|y as poss|b|o. ln short, tho good guys' sook to domocrat|zo tho who|o sc|onco.
Consoquont|y, wo aro consp|cuous|y |n tho prosonco ot a vory comp|ox dynam|c, ono strotch|ng trom tho |nd|v|dua| porson to who|o c|v|||zat|ons
and a|| tho |nst|tut|ons thoroot, and ono moroovor cross|ng sovora| d|sc|p||nos - phys|cs, oconom|cs and t|nanco, thoo|ogy, h|story - and runn|ng
||ko a go|d and cr|mson throad throughout tho m|||onn|a ot human h|story. Wo must cons|dor sa||ont modorn ovonts whoro th|s strugg|o has opon|y
oruptod, and comparo thom to anc|ont man|tostat|ons ot a s|m||ar naturo. Wo must pondor tho prosonco w|th|n anc|ont moga||ths and tomp|os ot a
protound astronom|ca| and astro|og|ca| sc|onco, tho|r phys|cs |mp||cat|ons, and pondor turthor wby so mooy o tboso oocloot sltos oro o|so
ossoclotoo wltb tbo prosooco o moooycboogors, o bookstors. Wo must s|m||ar|y pondor aga|n what a|| th|s m|ght moan tor tho occurronco ot an
anc|ont and |ntorp|anotary war w|th|n our own co|ost|a| no|ghborhood.
88
Yot aga|n, wo must cons|dor what a|| th|s has to do w|th tho stubborn
pors|stonco ot a|chomy trom anc|ont to modorn t|mos, and what |t may havo to do w|th tho cons|stont roya| and |mpor|a| patronago ot |t throughout
tho V|dd|o Agos and oar|y lona|ssanco. Wo must |ook tor tho c|uos ot do||borato suppross|on ot th|s phys|cs - and |ts |mp||od oconom|cs -
throughout tho agos, and ospoc|a||y |n our own. And t|na||y, wo sha|| havo roason to cons|dor why b|ood||nos soom to bo such an |mportant part ot
tho story tor thoso bankstor and roya| o||tos.
G|von a|| thoso comp|ox dynam|cs and d|sparato tacts, l was controntod w|th somoth|ng ot a prob|om |n wr|t|ng th|s book. lorma||y l a|m tor a
ro|at|vo|y h|gh dogroo ot comp|otonoss' or at |oast thoroughnoss whon wr|t|ng a book. 3ut l qu|ck|y d|scovorod that, |t l woro to oxp|oro ovory tacot
ot th|s comp|ox dynam|c w|th anyth|ng approach|ng thoroughnoss, l wou|d not bo wr|t|ng a moro book, but sovoro| books, w|th oach aspoct ot tho
prob|om roqu|r|ng vo|umos ot |ts own. |or oxamp|o, tho |nvo|vomont ot major corporat|ons |n suppross|on ot |nvont|ons and tochno|og|os |mp|y|ng a
now phys|cs and now onorgy sourco |s a story that wou|d and cou|d consumo vo|umos, as thoro |s no shortago ot such stor|os on tho |ntornot and
books about tho subjoct. 3|m||ar|y, tho mach|nat|ons ot tho |ntornat|ona| bankstors has prov|dod a r|ch t|o|d tor rosoarch and spocu|at|on, and
spawnod ||tora||y hundrods ot books on tho subjoct, both thoso by sanct|onod |ns|dors' and thoso oxam|n|ng tho subjoct trom w|thout. Whon ono
adds oconom|cs and phys|cs and systoms ot monoy croat|on to th|s p|cturo, tho b|b||ography ot such a work |tso|t wou|d ond up bo|ng a who|o
book.
3o c|oar|y somo othor approach was noodod. What l havo attomptod to do, thorotoro, |s oot|loo o coso ooo my lotorprototloo o tbo ovloooco
back|ng |t up w|th oxamp|os. 1h|s book |s thus do||borato|y |ntondod to bo road not on|y |n conjunct|on w|th my own prov|ous books on a|tornat|vo
sc|onco and h|story as yot anothor chaptor |n a vory b|g story, but a|so |n tandom w|th tho ovora|| output ot othor rosoarchors |nto tho t|o|d. 1hus, |t
s|mp|y ossomos tho ox|stonco ot that rosoarch, and tho roador's broad tam|||ar|ty w|th |t.
3ut |ot thoro bo no m|stako: th|s |s not an oasy, ||ghthoartod book s|mp|y bocauso |t |s not a comp|oto or tboroogb ono. 1ho numbor and typos ot
dota||s, concopt|ons, and d|sc|p||nos to bo oxam|nod aro cons|dorab|o, and tho|r |ntorro|at|onsh|ps aro ovon moro so. W|th that sa|d, tho roador |s
caut|onod about two th|ngs: t|rst, |n ordor to survoy thoso connoct|ons and tho|r |mp||cat|ons, much ot th|s book |s |ntroduct|on', on|y at tho vory ond
and |n tho t|na| chaptor w||| |t bo poss|b|o to t|o a|| tho throads togothor and draw tho|r |mp||cat|ons. 1hus, pat|onco |s roqu|rod as tho data |s |a|d out,
and connoct|ons aro drawn. 3ocond|y, what |s prosontod horo |s ||kow|so a spocu|at|vo though novortho|oss arguod caso. Woro oach and ovory
po|nt to bo documontod at |ongth, as a|roady mont|onod, oach wou|d roqu|ro a tomo |n |ts own r|ght.
1h|s |s a survoy, not an oncyc|opod|a, a study, not a pa|nt|ng, an ossay, not a mathomat|ca| or h|stor|ca| proot.
lonotho|oss, l hopo that by consu|t|ng corta|n sourcos, mont|on|ng corta|n top|cs, constru|ng tho |ntorro|at|onsh|ps, and draw|ng tho conc|us|ons
and |mp||cat|ons |n tho mannor that l havo, that l w||| po|nt tho roador |n tho d|roct|on to oxam|no thoso quost|ons moro tu||y on h|s own, tor tho
prob|om |s not |n tho ooortb ot |ntormat|on, |ntorprotat|ons, and |mp||cat|ons, but |n tho|r sorolt. 1ho |ntorprotat|on prottorod horo |s consoquont|y not
tho on|y poss|b|o ono. l ma|nta|n on|y that, ot a|| tho poss|b|o |ntorprotat|ons ot th|s vast comp|ox ot |ntormat|on - a|chomy, astro|ogy, astronomy,
tors|on, Egypt, 3aby|on, laz|s, t|nanco, goomotr|os, oarth gr|ds and sca|ar' phys|cs, anc|ont toxts and tomos and modorn mathomat|ca| gurus
spoak|ng tho arcano |anguago ot stat|st|ca| oconom|cs and topo|og|ca| |oro - that th|s |ntorprotat|on |s at |oast a p|aus|b|o ono.
A|| that bo|ng sa|d, |t a|ong tho way l havo |n somo sma|| moasuro contr|butod to tho dom|so ot thoso gooty, |nsano, and ruth|oss bankstors and
tho|r murdorous|y utop|an and |oony low Wor|d Ordor schomos, thon so much tho bottor, tor ono th|ng, l hopo, |s now ov|dont: |t |n tho pr|vato
croat|on ot monoy as an |ntorost-boar|ng dobt-noto, on|y tho pr|nc|pa|, and not tho |ntorost, |s croatod by thoso banks and c|rcu|atod as monoy,'
thon |t |nov|tab|y to||ows that, undor such a systom, dobt can on|y growand novor bo ropa|d. W|th that tact, tho |nt|uonco and contro| ot that pr|vato
c|ass ot bankstors ovor tho po||c|os ot a stato can on|y grow, and to tho |ncroas|ng dotr|mont ot that nat|on's poop|o and |ts pub||c good.
As such, ooy d|scuss|on ot t|nanc|a| po||cy by ooy po||t|c|an ot ooy po||t|ca| party att|||at|on |n ooy nat|on that doos not boglo w|th a ca|| to rostoro
tho powor ot monoy croat|on and |ssuanco to tho govornmont |n such a capac|ty that |t |s mado to sorvo tho pub||c good and not tho pr|vato rapac|ty
ot a bankstor c|ass, |s moro|y docopt|on, and docopt|on tor a vory s|mp|o roason. 1ho b|g socrot ot monoy |s not on|y that |t most roprosont
somotblog, but rathor that |t must roprosont somoooo. As such, thoro aro roa||y on|y two bas|c modo|s ot monoy known to h|story, tho t|rst modo|,
whoro monoy roprosonts a dobt |ntorost-boar|ng noto - tho somoth|ng' - croatod by a pr|vato monopo|y - tho somoono' - tor |ts own c|ass
|ntorost and prot|t, and tho socond modo|, whoro monoy roprosonts a roco|pt tor goods and sorv|cos - tho somoth|ng' - producod by a stato's
poop|o - tho somoono' - who through tho agoncy ot tho|r stato |ssuo that monoy to thomso|vos, dobt-troo.
1ho prob|om ot monoy |s thus not ovon tho wbot nor tho bowmocb, but tho wbo, |.o., tho who boh|nd |ts |ssuanco. 1ho t|rst modo| |s a k|nd ot
ta|so a|chomy' or a tochno|ogy ot b|ack mag|c, tor |t |s u|t|mato|y a tochno|ogy to ga|n tho mastory ovor tho w|||, gon|us, and product|vo act|v|ty ot a
poop|o, and u|t|mato|y, ovor tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t. And |t |s a|| basod, as wo sha|| now soo, on a broathtak|ng sor|os ot h|stor|ca|, concoptua|,
and phys|ca| docopt|ons, and thoso can on|y ox|st so |ong as thoro aro thoso unw||||ng to unmask tho docopt|on, or so |ong as thoro as thoso who
acqu|osco to that systom and aro unw||||ng to troo thomso|vos trom |ts cha|ns.
|.
E|51OR|CAL AND CONCEP1uAL BACKCROuND
o sbo|| bovo wor|o govoromoot wbotbor or oot yoo |lko lt - by cooqoost or coosoot.'
- 1omos orborg, soo o Poo| orborg, lobroory 17, 1050,
7ostlmooy to tbo Uoltoo 5totos 5oooto lorolgo Ro|otloos Commlttoo

5log|o octs o tyroooy moy bo oscrlboo to tbo occloooto| oploloo o o ooy, bot o sorlos o opprossloos, bogoo ot o olstlogolsboo porloo, ooo porsooo ooo|torob|y
tbroogb ovory cboogo o mlolstors, too p|olo|y provo o oo|lboroto systomotlco| p|oo o roooclog os to s|ovory.'
- 7bomos 1oorsoo

Bot wboo o |oog trolo o obosos ooo osorpotloos, porsolog lovorlob|y tbo somo Objoct ovlocos o ooslgo to roooco tbom oooor obso|oto Lospotlsm, lt ls tbolr rlgbt, lt
ls tbolr ooty, to tbrow o socb Oovoromoot, ooo to provloo oow Oooros or tbolr otoro socorlty.'
-Loc|orotloo o looopoooooco o tbo Uoltoo 5totos o Amorlco
Ono
1EE CON5P|RA1OR5' PO51WAR DE1EN1E
5loco lt ls qolto lmposslb|o to oooorstooo tbo blstory o tbo twootlotb cootory wltboot somo oooorstooolog o tbo ro|o
p|oyoo by moooy lo oomostlc oolrs ooo lo orolgo oolrs, os wo|| os tbo ro|o p|oyoo by bookors lo ocooomlc |lo ooo lo
po|ltlco| |lo, wo most toko o g|ooco ot oocb o tboso oor sobjocts.'
- Lr. Corro|| Oolg|oy
80

lt, as tho op|graph c|tod abovo suggosts, |t |s qu|to |mposs|b|o' to como to an accurato assossmont ot tho domost|c and toro|gn po||c|os ot any
stato |n modorn t|mos w|thout an undorstand|ng ot tho ro|o ot monoy, thon ono wou|d bo oqua||y just|t|od |n say|ng that |t |s qu|to |mposs|b|o to
undorstand anc|ont h|story - or ooy por|od ot h|story - w|thout undorstand|ng tho ro|o ot monoy and |ts man|pu|at|on |n soc|a| organ|zat|on, po||cy,
or sc|onco.
|owovor, monoy, at |oast |n modorn t|mos, |s tho rosu|t ot an a|chom|ca|' oporat|on and a k|nd ot t|nanc|a| tochno|ogy,' tho oporat|on ot
transmut|ng noth|ng |nto somoth|ng, |n th|s caso, ot turn|ng a moro ontry on a bank |odgor - a noth|ng' - |nto a un|t ot commorc|a| oxchango - a
somoth|ng.' l|kow|so, a|chomy |s a sc|onco' ot transmut|ng baso mota|s |nto go|d, and that |mp||os an undor|y|ng phys|cs and tochno|ogy to
accomp||sh tho act. 1o ca|| botb an a|chom|ca| oporat|on |s to |mp|y tho tact that bonoath tho mag|ca| oporat|ons ot bank|ng thoro ||os a doop
phys|cs, and porhaps a protound|y m|sundorstood phys|cs. ln any caso, thoso aro tho coocoptoo| po|os botwoon wh|ch our story movos.
3ut thoro aro two blstorlco| po|os botwoon wh|ch our story a|so movos.
A. A EYPO1EE1|CAL 5CENAR|O
lmag|no tor a momont that thoro |s a vory ||gh and oxtromo|y anc|ont C|v|||zat|on. lt has roachod tho apox ot |ts soc|a| and sc|ont|t|c
ach|ovomont. 1hon, |n a paroxysm ot madnoss and grood, |t toars |tso|t apart |n a Groat War. As tho unto|d dostruct|on roachos |ts c||max and tho
groat soph|st|cat|on ot |ts sc|onco and tochno|ogy - tho vory sc|onco and tochno|ogy |t has usod to wago |ts war - can no |ongor bo susta|nod
duo to tho onormous damago to |ts |ntrastructuro, both s|dos soo that a|| |s |ost, and thoy oach consp|ro to sa|vago as much as thoy can ot tho|r
sc|onco and tochno|ogy by contr|v|ng an |ntr|cato symbo||c |anguago that can bo docodod whon c|v|||zat|on roachos a s|m||ar stago ot sc|ont|t|c and
soc|a| dovo|opmont. 1ho stratogy |s ono ot |ong-torm surv|va| and ovontua| rocovory, and oach s|do tu||y roa||zos that tho actua| moan|ng ot tho
symbo|s w||| most ||ko|y bo |ost |n tho short torm. lonotho|oss, thoy oach consp|ro to croato socrot tratorn|t|os to ma|nta|n tho symbo|s, pass thom
down, and to tho oxtont poss|b|o, bog|n tho work ot tho|r docod|ng and ot tho rostorat|on ot tho vory sc|onco and tochno|ogy that |od to tho|r dom|so.
lt |s natura| and roasonab|o to assumo that, para||o| to th|s act|v|ty, oach s|do w||| tako |nvontory ot |ts roma|n|ng sc|ont|t|c and tochno|og|ca|
assots, and to socrot thom away tor tho|r potont|a| rod|scovory and rouso. 3|m||ar|y, |t |s roasonab|o to assumo that tho v|ctors' ot sa|d war w||| tako
|nvontory ot tho |osor's' assots and tochno|og|os, and cont|scato somo, dostroy what cannot bo movod or othorw|so usod, and torb|d to tho
vanqu|shod any turthor dovo|opmont or dop|oymont ot such tochno|og|os.
lt a|| th|s sounds vaguo|y tam|||ar, ||ko tho act|v|t|os ot tho v|ctor|ous A|||os or ot vanqu|shod Gormans attor Wor|d Wars l and ll, thon tho roador w|||
bo corroct.
3ut wo assumo a much moro dostruct|vo war |n our |mag|nary sconar|o. Wo assumo tho ox|stonco ot a sc|ont|t|c and tochno|og|ca| soph|st|cat|on
that wou|d mako a|| our modorn |nstrumonta||t|os ot dostruct|on soom but moro popguns. 3|m||ar|y, wo assumo an oxtont ot that myth|ca| c|v|||zat|on
that |s tru|y cosm|c |n charactor, and a war ot tru|y cosm|c and |ntorp|anotary scopo, ot wh|ch a|| c|v|||zat|ons and wars that to||ow aro but moro
shadows on tho |ong c||mb back to a s|m||ar poak ot dovo|opmont. 3|m||ar|y, tho stratogy ot |nvontory-tak|ng, ot tho socrot|ng away ot now |ost
tochno|og|os and sc|oncos, and ot tho mak|ng ot a comp|ox ot symbo|s and tho tound|ng ot socrot tratorn|t|os to prosorvo thom, |s tar grandor |n
scopo than tho act|v|t|os ot v|ctor|ous A|||os or vanqu|shod Gormans |n rocont momory. 3ut noto, |t |s tho scopo that |s grandor. 1ho act|v|t|os and
stratog|os thomso|vos, howovor, aro not a|| that d|ttoront.
1hus, at ono po|o, |ost |n tho m|sts ot proh|story and count|oss myths and anc|ont op|cs, an oxtraord|nar||y soph|st|catod and vory ||gh
C|v|||zat|on b|ow |tso|t apart oons ago |n an |ntorp|anotary war, a war that cost thom tho vory sc|onco that accountod tor tho|r tabu|ous woa|th and
powor. ln tho wako ot that catac|ysm, what was |ott ot that c|v|||zat|on purposod to ma|nta|n as much ot that |ost know|odgo as poss|b|o, and,
ovontua||y, to rocovor a|| ot |t. 1hus aroso tho socrot soc|ot|os, mystory schoo|s, and c|v|||zat|ons that boro tho stamp ot |ts |ogacy, among wh|ch
woro tho two that sha|| bo our tocus horo: tho Vosopotam|an c|v|||zat|ons ot 3umor, 3aby|on|a, and Assyr|a on tho ono hand, and Egypt on tho
othor. Corta|n o|omonts w|th|n thoso soc|ot|os qu|ck|y bogan tho conso||dat|on and oxtons|on ot tho|r powor, and, as a rosu|t, woro ab|o to prosorvo
at |oast a port|on ot tho sc|ont|t|c |ogacy ot tho|r moro soph|st|catod toroboars, tor that sc|ont|t|c |ogacy - d|stortod and b|astod apart and
tragmontod as |t was by that war - was |ndood tho vory bas|s ot tho|r powor.
40
1ho combatants ot that war, both tho good guys' and tho bad
guys,' v|ctors and vanqu|shod, oach to a corta|n oxtont wont undorground, tho ono sook|ng to prosorvo and rocovor tho |ost sc|ont|t|c bounty tor tho
common good, and tho othor to rocovor |t to mako yot anothor b|d tor hogomony and wor|d mastory. A sort ot guorr|||a and covort war botwoon thom
- protractod tor m|||onn|a - onsuod, and, at t|mos, ovon a dotonto was doc|arod, tor |n tho attormath ot that war, oach to a corta|n oxtont noodod
tho good ott|cos and gracos ot tho othor to surv|vo. 0otonto, and yot, covort wartaro: th|s |s tho dynam|c w|th wh|ch wo must porpotua||y contond
throughout th|s book.
At tho othor po|o, |n d|st|nct|y moro modorn t|mos, but s|m||ar|y, attor yot anothor and moro tam|||ar war, trom Vay 20
th
to Vay 81
st
, 10b4, tho
g||dod bank|ng and corporato o||tos ot Europo and lorth Amor|ca mot at a sma|| hoto| |n Oostorbook, |o||and ca||od tho 3||dorborg,
41
and ovor
s|nco, th|s socrot|vo annua| gathor|ng ot tho supor-r|ch c|ass ot |ntornat|ona| bankstors has boon known by tho namo whoro tho|r t|rst moot|ng was
ho|d: 1ho 3||dorborg Group. And thoy - or rathor, tho |ntornat|ona| c|ass ot tho vory woa|thy that thoy roprosont - show a|| tho c|ass|c s|gns ot
hav|ng undorstood tho h|stor|ca| and sc|ont|t|c |ossons ot tho|r Egypt|an and 3aby|on|an prodocossors, and moro |mportant|y, ot tbolr toroboars ot
whom Egypt and 3aby|on|a woro but pa|o |ogac|os.
And tho t|m|ng ot tho moot|ng - 10b4 - |s |n |tso|t worth somo commontary, tor somo a||ogo that dur|ng 10b4, lros|dont 0w|ght 0. E|sonhowor
socrot|y mot w|th an oxtratorrostr|a| do|ogat|on' at a |ocat|on |n Ca||torn|a. Othors, howovor, ma|nta|n that E|sonhowor was not roa||y moot|ng w|th
oxtratorrostr|a|s at a||, but w|th vory torrostr|a| laz|s at tho|r socrot Argont|no hoadquartors.
42
Voroovor, that t|mo por|od - ca. 10b4 - |s tho samo
por|od that tho Un|tod 3tatos A|r |orco showod a d|st|nct, but h|gh|y socrot, |ntorost |n tho troo-onorgy rosoarch ot ono laz| sc|ont|st |n Argont|na,
0r. lona|d l|chtor and what |t portondod tor advancod propu|s|on and onorgy poss|b|||t|os.
48
And, at tho vory samo t|mo por|od, d|scuss|on ot ant|-
grav|ty phys|cs d|sappoarod |n tho opon ||toraturo.
44
lt ono takos tho unusua||y synchronous t|m|ng ot thoso d|sparato ovonts as somoth|ng |oss than
co|nc|donta|, and as somohow ro|atod to oach othor, thon c|oar|y ono |mp||cat|on |s that thoro |s a doop |ntorost w|th|n t|nanc|a| c|rc|os concorn|ng
doop phys|cs. A strugg|o tor t|nanc|a|, and tochno|og|ca|, hogomony |s subt|y |mp||od.
lt |s botwoon thoso two un||ko|y blstorlco| po|os - an oxtromo|y anc|ont ono, and a vory contomporary ono - that th|s story a|so movos.
vory obv|ous|y, ono |s doa||ng horo w|th somoth|ng that, |n modorn t|mos at |oast, |ooks vory much ||ko a consp|racy. And ||ko a|| consp|rac|os, |t
has |ts tact|ons,' groups vy|ng tor u|t|mato powor that, tor whatovor roason and comb|nat|on ot c|rcumstancos, momontar||y and tomporar||y un|tos
thom to mako common causo to ach|ovo tho agrood upon goa| ot g|oba| dom|nat|on and hogomony. 1ho consp|rators, whoovor thoy aro, thus
appoar at both po|os ot tho story, agroo|ng to |ay down tho|r arms attor a torr|b|y dostruct|vo war, and to mako common causo tor tho |mmod|ato
tuturo. 1hoy agrood, |n short, to a coox|stonco, to a dotonto.
|owovor, ||ko a|| such dotontos, th|s ono |s dost|nod to broak down. 1ho d|sagroomonts, such as thoy aro, may occur ovor tho moans and
mothods to ach|ovo |t, but u|t|mato|y and moro |mportant|y, thoy w||| occur - |t thoy havo not a|roady - ovor wh|ch tact|on w||| u|t|mato|y |oad |t. ln
th|s, tho modorn c|rcumstanco rosomb|os |ts pa|ooanc|ont' ancostor, tho vory ||gh C|v|||zat|on that b|ow |tso|t apart and thon qu|ck|y ostab||shod
tho |ogacy c|v|||zat|ons, tho mystory schoo|s and pr|ost|y tratorn|t|os and tho mon|od c|ass ot morchants and bu|||on brokors that wou|d sook to uso
ono aspoct ot that |ost sc|onco - tho t|nanc|a| and oconom|c a|chomy' - to rocovor tho othor aspoct ot |t, tho |ost phys|cs ot tho a|chom|ca|
man|pu|at|on ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t.
1hus, thoro aro two othor po|os botwoon wh|ch th|s story movos: tho t|rst bo|ng phys|cs, and tho socond bo|ng tho oconom|cs ot h|gh t|nanco and
|ts a|||od sc|onco ot soc|a| ong|noor|ng.' Wo havo, thon, tour po|os: two bo|ng tompora| onos, w|do|y soparatod |n t|mo, and two concoptua| or
d|sc|p||nary onos, apparont|y w|do|y soparatod by subjoct mattor and mothod. |or a|| tho prov|ous roasons, our story |s part|y an h|stor|ca| ono, and
part|y a story about that strango |nto|||g|b|o wor|d ot vory abstruso phys|cs, ot oqua||y abstruso t|nanco, and ot tho ovon moro abstruso ro|at|onsh|p
botwoon tho two. lt |s thus abovo a|| an |ntord|sc|p||nary story.
3o, botoro procood|ng any turthor, |ot us bo abso|uto|y c|oar and corta|n ot what has boon sa|d, and what th|s book attompts to |||ustrato:
1. 1horo |s both |n anc|ont and |n modorn t|mos an |ntornat|ona| mon|od c|ass' dor|v|ng |ts powor trom |ts undorstand|ng and man|pu|at|on ot tho
sc|onco ot h|gh t|nanco, and trom |ts monopo||zat|on ot tho monoy-croat|ng powor |n |ts own pr|vato hands,
2. 1h|s c|ass tought, at both onds ot tho h|stor|ca| po|o, tromondous|y dostruct|vo wars. ln tho pa|ooanc|ont
4b
|nstanco, th|s war was |ntorp|anotary |n
naturo, and rosu|tod |n tho tragmontat|on ot tho phys|cs and oconom|cs compononts ot a h|gh|y un|t|od and |ntogratod sc|ont|t|c wor|dv|ow, |n wh|ch
thoso compononts woro onco un|tod,
8. 1ho rosu|t ot that anc|ont cosm|c war was tho croat|on ot |ogacy c|v|||zat|ons and socrot organ|zat|ons, |n wh|ch that mon|od c|ass sw|tt|y ostab||shod
|tso|t, on tho bas|s ot tho rotont|on w|th|n thoso soc|ot|os' orb|ts ot know|odgo ot at |oast somo aspocts ot tho|r ancostors' know|odgo ot tho sc|onco
ot h|gh t|nanco and ot |ts ro|at|onsh|p to phys|cs,
4. 1hus ostab||shod, th|s c|ass has bont ovory ottort toward tho rocovory ot tho phys|cs componont ot tho|r ancostra| sc|ont|t|c |ogacy, and has b|ockod
a|| attompts ot thoso who throughout tho m|||onn|a havo sought to rocovor |t and to pro|loroto lt omoog tbo mossos. 1ho roason thoy havo b|ockod
a|| such attompts |s qu|to s|mp|o, tor onco |n tho hands ot tho massos, tho|r hogomony as a c|ass wou|d bo |rrotr|ovab|y, and onco and torovor,
brokon.
3o, |n a sonso, tho pa|ooanc|ont Cosm|c War' ot wh|ch l havo wr|tton oxtons|vo|y o|sowhoro, wont undorground. lt bocamo a covort war, a guorr|||a
war, and has boon ovor tho protractod m|||onn|a ovor s|nco a strugg|o botwoon thoso who w|sh to ma|nta|n tho|r powor by roconstruct|ng that |ost
un|ty ot h|gh t|nanc|a| oconom|cs and phys|cs and monopo||z|ng |t tor thomso|vos to ons|avo mank|nd, and thoso who sook not on|y to roconstruct
that |ost un|ty but to sharo |t, to domocrat|zo' |t among tho groat massos ot human|ty.
1h|s book thus not on|y movos botwoon two po|os w|do|y soparatod by t|mo, or botwoon two d|sc|p||nary po|os - phys|cs and h|gh t|nanco -
apparont|y w|do|y soparatod by subjoct mattor and mothod, but |t |s a|so about tho dynam|cs ot that cont||ct, ono wh|ch tho bankstors, tor roasons
that w||| bocomo apparont |n th|s book, aro u|t|mato|y dost|nod to |oso, no mattor what tho|r oxtraord|nary powor or tho 3yzant|no subt|oty ot tho|r
p|ans and caba|s m|ght bo.
3ut suro|y, tho roador w||| ask, to |mp||cato tho t|rst moot|ng ot tho 3||dorborg Group |n th|s grand m|||onn|a-o|d story |s go|ng a b|t too tar?
On tho contrary, tho ov|donco po|nts a|most |no|uctab|y toward that conc|us|on, but |n ordor to soo how, ono must oxam|no tho 3||dorborg
moot|ngs, and part|cu|ar|y tho vory t|rst onos, |n moro dota||. |or tho purposos ot th|s oxam|nat|on, no ono has oxam|nod and oxposod thoso
moot|ngs |n moro dota|| than has 0an|o| Estu||n, and ho w||| accord|ng|y bo rov|owod horo.
B. E51uL|N'5 51uDY AND 51ANDARD |N1ERPRE1A1|ON5
Estu||n |s a luss|an om|gro to Canada who t|rst bocamo |ntorostod |n tho 3||dorborg group whon ho and othors oxposod tho 1000 3||dorborg
p|ot to d|smombor Canada, and havo port|ons ot that country absorbod' by tho Un|tod 3tatos.
40
lut on to tho p|ot by a KG3 agont whom Estu||n
ca||s v|ad|m|r,' ho and h|s orstwh||o |ntormant baro|y oscapod w|th tho|r ||vos whon, pr|or to stopp|ng onto an o|ovator, h|s |ntormant ho|d h|m back
and po|ntod out that tho o|ovator t|oor was m|ss|ng!
47
1hoso two ovonts compo||od Estu||n to uncovor as much as ho cou|d about tho socrot|vo
3||dorborg Group, and as a rosu|t, h|s study, 7bo 7roo 5tory o tbo Bl|oorborg Oroop, w||| bo to||owod c|oso|y horo, tor tho caso l bo||ovo |t makos |s
u|t|mato|y somoth|ng vory d|ttoront than that Estu||n, or othor rosoarchors ot tho Group, bo||ovos |t to bo.
ln ordor to soo how, though, |t |s nocossary to soo what Estu||n actua||y uncovorod about tho Group.
1. EstulIn's 8ources
Estu||n's book |s amp|y documontod w|th numorous photos, actua| p|cturos ot 3||dorborg |nv|tat|ons, and so on. 3ut how d|d ho acqu|ro such
|ns|do know|odgo? ||s answor |s qu|to s|mp|o: l cou|d not havo dono th|s w|thout tho ho|p ot 'consc|ont|ous objoctors' trom |ns|do, as wo|| as
outs|do, tho Group's momborsh|p.'
48
A ||tt|o turthor on ho o|aboratos on who somo ot thoso sourcos woro: tho vory hoto| statt - tho cooks,
bo||boys, wa|tors, c|oanors and othor statt tho 3||dorborgors took such pa|ns to vot!
40
And as has boon soon, Estu||n a|so roco|vod tho
cons|dorab|o ho|p ot |nto|||gonco agonts trom luss|a. 1h|s tact w||| p|ay a major ro|o |n our conc|us|ons toward tho ond ot tho book, |n that |t
|nd|catos that toro|gn |nto|||gonco sorv|cos, part|cu|ar|y ot thoso nat|ons and powor b|ocs not undor 3||dorborg |nt|uonco, watch and ana|yzo tho
p|ans ot th|s so|t-appo|ntod g|oba| o||to vory carotu||y and c|oso|y.
2. Protocols
a. Attendees
3o who aro tho typ|ca| attondoos ot tho 3||dorborg moot|ngs?
Accord|ng to Estu||n, thoy aro what ono m|ght oxpoct ot such a gathor|ng ot a so|t-appo|ntod wor|d o||to:
(1hoy) aro annua||y attondod by lros|donts ot tho lntornat|ona| Vonotary |und, tho Wor|d 3ank, and |odora| losorvo, by cha|rmon ot 100 ot tho
most powortu| corporat|ons |n tho wor|d such as 0a|m|or-Chrys|or, Coca-Co|a, 3r|t|sh lotro|oum (3l), Chaso Vanhattan 3ank, Amor|can Expross,
Go|dman 3achs, and V|crosott, by v|co lros|donts ot tho Un|tod 3tatos, 0|roctors ot tho ClA and tho |3l, 3ocrotar|os Gonora| ot lA1O, Amor|can
3onators and mombors ot Congross, Europoan lr|mo V|n|stors, and |oadors ot oppos|t|on part|os, and by top od|tors and CEOs ot tho |oad|ng
nowspapors |n tho wor|d.
b0
3uch a group, nood|oss to say, roads ||ko a who's who ot tho wostorn wor|d's powor brokors:
Evory U.3. pros|dont s|nco lko' E|sonhowor has bo|ongod to tho 3||dorborg Group, not that thoy havo a|| attondod tho moot|ngs porsona||y, but a||
havo sont tho|r roprosontat|vos. Anothor mombor |s now ox-lr|mo V|n|stor 1ony 3|a|r, as wo|| as most ot tho pr|nc|pa| mombors ot tho 3r|t|sh
govornmont. Evon Canada's h|gh-prot||o past lr|mo V|n|stor, l|orro 1rudoau, was a mombor. last 3||dorborg |nv|toos aro A|an Groonspan,
tormor cha|rman ot tho |odora| losorvo, ||||ary and 3||| C||nton, 1ohn Korry, Vo||nda and 3||| Gatos, and l|chard lor|o.
A|so mombors aro tho poop|o who contro| what you watch and road - mod|a barons ||ko 0av|d lockoto||or, Conrad 3|ack (tho now d|sgracod
ox-ownor ot ovor 440 mod|a pub||cat|ons around tho wor|d trom 7bo 1oroso|om Post to Canada's nowost da||y, 7bo Notlooo| Post), Edgar
3rontman, luport Vurdoch, and 3umnor lodstono, CEO ot v|acom, an |ntornat|ona| mod|a cong|omorato that touchos v|rtua||y ovory major
sogmont ot tho mod|a |ndustry. 1hoy havo protoctod tho socrocy ot th|s socrot soc|oty, and th|s may bo why tho namo 3||dorborg' |s now to you.
b1
W|th such a concontrat|on ot po||t|ca|, t|nanc|a|, and mod|a powor, |t |s undorstandab|o that tho moot|ngs havo, tor tho most part, boon kopt ta|r|y
socrot.
3ut th|s ||st doos not roa||y to|| tho tu|| story, tor cons|dorab|o thought |s g|von to tho |nv|toos to oach yoar's gathor|ng. |or ono th|ng, notos Estu||n:
lt |s |mportant to d|st|ngu|sh botwoon act|vo mombors who ass|st annua||y and othors who aro on|y |nv|tod occas|ona||y. About o|ghty mombors aro
rogu|ars who havo attondod tor many yoars. |r|ngo poop|o, who aro |nv|tod to roport on subjocts ro|atod to tho|r sphoro ot |nt|uonco ot protoss|ona|
and acadom|c know|odgo, aro c|uo|oss about tho torma| structuro boh|nd tho 3||dorborg Group, and roma|n |n abso|uto |gnoranco ot tho Group's
groator goa|s and un|vorsa| objoct|vos. A so|oct tow aro |nv|tod bocauso tho 3||dorborgors th|nk thoy may bo usotu| too|s |n tho|r g|oba||st p|an and
aro |ator ho|pod to roach vory powortu| so|octod pos|t|ons. Ono-t|mo |nv|toos who ta|| to |mpross, howovor, aro cast as|do.
b2
loto what wo havo horo:
1. Rogo|or ottooooos - poop|o such as 0av|d lockoto||or and |onry K|ss|ngor - roprosont|ng tho major t|nanc|a| and po||t|ca| |ntorosts ot tho
group,
2. Occoslooo| ottooooos or tho|r roprosontat|vos, roprosont|ng a s|m||ar makoup, but on|y |nv|tod as tho s|tuat|on domands, and
8. Proosslooo|s or ocooomlcs, whoso oxport|so |s sought |n corta|n s|tuat|ons, prosumab|y to ana|yzo and roport on corta|n tronds w|th|n tho purv|ow
ot tho|r oxport|so, and prosumab|y to mako torocasts and rocommondat|ons.'
As wo procood, wo sha|| soo how oach ot thoso throo groups broak down |n dota||.
|or oxamp|o, w|th|n oach ot thoso groups, a turthor broakdown occurs:
Each country sonds a do|ogat|on ot, typ|ca||y, throo porsons: an |ndustry or bus|noss |oador, a top-|ovo| m|n|stor or a sonator, and an |nto||octua| or
ch|ot od|tor ot tho |oad|ng por|od|ca|. 1ho Un|tod 3tatos has tho most part|c|pants bocauso ot |ts s|zo. 3ma||or countr|os ||ko Grooco and 0onmark
aro attordod, at most, two soats. 1ho contoroncos usua||y cons|st ot a max|mum ot 180 do|ogatos. 1wo-th|rds ot tho attondoos aro trom Europo,
and tho rost como trom tho Un|tod 3tatos and Canada. (Vox|can g|oba||sts bo|ong to a |oss powortu| s|stor organ|zat|on, tho 1r||atora|
Comm|ss|on.)
Ono-th|rd ot tho do|ogatos aro trom govornmont and po||t|cs, and tho roma|n|ng two-th|rds trom |ndustry, t|nanco, oducat|on, |abor and
commun|cat|ons. Vost do|ogatos aro t|uont |n Eng||sh, w|th |ronch as tho|r socond |anguago ot cho|co.
b8
1hus, a ||tt|o moro ana|ys|s |s nocossary. loto tho to||ow|ng propondorancos:
1. 1ho 3||dorborg Group |s hoav||y wo|ghtod to a Eoropooo po|nt ot v|ow, though tho Un|tod 3tatos has tho |argost s|ng|o roprosontat|on ot any country
sond|ng do|ogatos,
2. 1ho Group |s s|m||ar|y wo|ghtod to tho prlvoto soctor rathor than po||t|cs or govornmont, w|th t|nanco, |ndustry, |abor and acadom|a bo|ng tho most
prom|nont mombors.
|rom th|s ono may roasonab|y doduco that tho 3||dorborg Group, wh||o ostons|b|y attompt|ng to croato a un|tod tront' ot thoso var|ous |ntorna|
groups and |ntorosts tor a common causo, nonotho|oss conta|ns w|th|n |t two major tact|ons, oach ot wh|ch has |n turn two turthor tact|ons w|th|n |t:
1. 1ho Europoan' |act|on
2. 1ho lorth Amor|can' |act|on (oxc|ud|ng Vox|co).
W|th|n thoso two ma|n tact|ons, ono d|scorns two turthor tact|ons:
a. 1ho lo||t|ca| or Govornmont |act|on, stross|ng tho ro|o ot pub||c |nst|tut|ons ot powor and tho buroaucrac|os that |nov|tab|y accompany thom,
b. 1ho lr|vato ||nanco
b4
|act|on, stross|ng tho ro|o ot tho pr|vato monopo|y ot monoy croat|on and |ts dom|nant ro|o |nt|uonc|ng othor major pr|vato
soctors: |abor, mod|a, tho acadomy, and so on.
1hoso tour |ntorna| tact|ons w||| bocomo qu|to |mportant whon wo turn to cons|dor tho |ntorprotat|on ot tho mot|vat|on tor tho actua| oooolog ot tho
3||dorborg Group |ator |n th|s chaptor, tor as wo sha|| soo, th|s author doparts s|gn|t|cant|y trom tho standard ||no ot what |ts actua| purposos, and
powor, may bo.
loto ono t|na| th|ng trom th|s ana|ys|s: tbo prlvoto Eoropooo octloo ls tbo oomlooot octloo lo torms o roprosoototloo. 1h|s |s turthor ov|dont
trom tho tact that tho Group, trom |ts |ncopt|on, has boon adm|n|storod by a sma|| nuc|ous ot porsons, appo|ntod s|nco 10b4 by a comm|ttoo ot
'w|so mon,' wh|ch |s mado up ot a Europoan Cha|rman, both a Europoan and a U.3. 3ocrotary Gonora|, and 1roasuror.'
bb
1hat statod, howovor, thoro |s ono moro s|gn|t|cant dota|| that Estu||n adds to th|s ||st ot typ|ca| 3||dorborg attondoos. Attondoos, accord|ng to an
unott|c|a| 3||dorborg pross ro|oaso, aro drawn trom a ||st ot '|mportant and rospoctod poop|o who, through tho|r spoc|a| know|odgo, porsona|
contacts and |nt|uonco |n nat|ona| and |ntornat|ona| c|rc|os, can amp||ty tho objoct|vos and rosourcos ot tho 3||dorborg Group.''
b0
1horo aro,
pr|nc|pa||y w|th|n tho catogor|os ot pr|vato' attondoos, s|x turthor typ|ca| prot||os:
1. |ndustr|a||sts,
2. t|nanc|ors, as wo havo a|roady soon, but thon tho ||st gots |ntorost|ng:
8. looo|ogoos,
4. m|||tary protoss|ona|s,
b. protoss|ona| spoc|a||sts' such as |awyors, journa||sts, doctors, and so on, and
0. organ|zod |abor.
b7
What sort ot |doo|oguos, ono m|ght ask?
Vany poop|o havo attomptod to answor that quost|on, and |n do|ng so havo attomptod to ana|yzo tho truo tound|ng purposos and goa|s ot tho
Group. l|toraturo on tho 3||dorborg Group |s thorotoro rop|oto w|th documontat|on and spocu|at|on ot tho typos ot |doo|oguos suspoctod to attond
tho|r moot|ngs, oncompass|ng a broad spoctrum trom |ab|an soc|a||sts, g|oba||sts, oxpononts ot Wor|d Govornmont, an|ma| and onv|ronmonta|
act|v|sts, tom|n|sts, popu|at|on contro| advocatos, popu|at|on roooctloo advocatos, and so on.
1horo |s ono typo ot |doo|oguo, howovor, that |s so|oom mont|onod, and whon |t ls mont|onod, ovon tho most porsp|cac|ous consp|racy
rosoarchor moro otton than not m|ssos tho s|gn|t|canco ot what |t m|ght |nd|cato about tho truo tound|ng purposos ot tho group, and tho roasons tor
|ts vory pocu||ar un|on' ot tho tour prov|ous|y mont|onod tact|ons. ln do|ng so, ovon thoso tow rosoarchors ta|| proy to tho typ|ca| standard
|ntorprotat|on' - wh|ch wo sha|| oxam|no a ||tt|o |ator |n th|s chaptor - and attr|buto to tho Group a mono||th|c structuro and an a|most omn|sc|ont
and |nta|||b|o powor to accomp||sh |ts goa|s. ln do|ng so, thoy tond to m|ss tho rocont and s|gn|t|cant s|gna|s that thoro |s sor|ous tact|ona| |nt|ght|ng
occurr|ng w|th|n |t and s|m||ar groups.
3ut how doos th|s shadowy group manago to koop |ts ox|stonco and moot|ngs socrot? Attor a||, a yoar|y moot|ng ot tho Wost's o||to and powortu|
that has boon ongo|ng s|nco 10b4 wou|d suro|y causo somo not|co to broak out, ovon |n tho|r own c|oso|y contro||od mod|a organs.
b. vettIng, 8ecurIng, and AnnouncIng the LocatIon
1ho answor, ot courso, ||os |n tho oxtraord|nary socur|ty that surrounds not on|y tho moot|ngs thomso|vos, but moro |mportant|y, that surrounds tho
proparat|ons tor thom, trom tho so|oct|on ot tho |ocat|on, to tho t|m|ng ot tho announcomonts ot whoro tho moot|ng |s to bo ho|d.
Accord|ng to a sourco w|th|n tho 3toor|ng Comm|ttoo, tho |nv|tod guosts must como a|ono, no w|vos, g|r|tr|onds, husbands or boytr|onds.
lorsona| ass|stants [trans|at|on: hoav||y armod bodyguards, usua||y ox-ClA and 3ocrot lnto|||gonco 3orv|co (3l3 a.k.a. Vl0)| cannot attond
tho contoronco and must oat |n a soparato ha||. lot ovon 0av|d lockoto||or's porsona| ass|stant can jo|n h|m tor |unch. 1ho guosts aro
oxp||c|t|y torb|ddon trom g|v|ng |ntorv|ows to journa||sts.'
1o ma|nta|n tho|r aura ot hormot|c|sm, 3||dorborgors book a hoto| tor tho durat|on ot tho contoronco, usua||y rang|ng trom throo to tour
days, w|th tho who|o bu||d|ng bo|ng c|oarod ot a|| othor guosts by tho ClA and |oca| socrot sorv|co to onsuro comp|oto pr|vacy and satoty tor
tho do|ogatos. A|| draw|ngs ot tho |ayout ot tho hoto| aro c|ass|t|od, statt |s thorough|y vottod, tho|r |oya|ty quost|onod, tho|r backgrounds
vor|t|od, and po||t|ca| att|||at|ons chockod. Any suspoct onos aro romovod tor tho durat|on.
.
1ho host nat|ona| govornmont takos caro ot a|| tho socur|ty concorns ot tho attond|ng guosts and tho|r ontourago. lt a|so pays tho costs ot
tho m|||tary protoct|on, tho socrot sorv|co, nat|ona| and |oca| po||co prosonco, as wo|| as a|| add|t|ona| pr|vato socur|ty to protoct tho |nt|macy
and tho pr|vacy ot tho a||-powortu| wor|d o||to. 1ho attondoos aro not roqu|rod to to||ow tho ostab||shod ru|os and rogu|at|ons ot tho host
country, such as hav|ng to go through customs, carry|ng propor |dont|t|cat|on, such as passports, wh|ch aro not roqu|rod on 3||dorborg v|s|ts.
Whon thoy moot, nobody who |s not on tho |n' |s a||owod to como noar tho hoto|. 1ho o||to otton br|ng tho|r own chots, cooks, wa|tors,
socrotar|os, to|ophono oporators, busboys, c|oan|ng statt and socur|ty porsonno|.
b8
As a turthor procaut|on, ovon though tho t|m|ng ot moot|ngs |s announcod to |nv|toos tour months |n advanco, tho actua| |ocat|on ot tho moot|ng |s
not mado known to thom unt|| on|y ono wook pr|or to |ts occurronco. ||na||y, a|| documonts d|str|butod to attondoos |s markod porsona||y tor thom,
and stampod porsona| and str|ct|y cont|dont|a|, and not tor pub||cat|on.'
b0
Obsorvo carotu||y what th|s |mp||os, tor such a gathor|ng ot tho supor-r|ch and powortu|, w|th a|| tho bank|ng, mod|a, and govornmonta| contacts
that th|s |nov|tab|y br|ngs w|th |t, |s not on|y a Group that |s gathor|ng |nto|||gonco, c|rcu|at|ng and oxchang|ng |ntormat|on, but that |t has |ts own
|ntorna| c|ass|t|cat|on systom, tor ono m|ght assumo that tho cootoots ot such pub||cat|ons vary trom do|ogat|on to do|ogat|on, |t not botwoon tho
|nd|v|dua| attondoos thomso|vos. Ono may a|so assumo that corta|n |nd|v|dua|s roco|vo rathor moro |ntormat|on - and thus havo a h|ghor
c|ass|t|cat|on c|oaranco' - than othors.
c. 1he 8essIons and 1heIr Rules
Each moot|ng |s d|v|dod |nto tour da||y soss|ons, two |n tho morn|ng and two |n tho attornoon,' w|th tho oxcopt|on ot 3aturday attornoons wh|ch
aro |ott troo tor |o|suro act|v|t|os.
00
Whon |n soss|on, tho soat|ng |s by rotatab|o a|phabot|ca| ordor,' w|th A's' s|tt|ng |n tront ono yoar, and Z's' tho
noxt, and so on.
01
A|| soss|on moot|ngs to||ow tho lu|os ot tho loya| lnst|tuto ot lntornat|ona| Atta|rs, undor wh|ch tho contonts ot d|scuss|ons may bo sharod, but tho
|dont|t|os ot |nd|v|dua|s mak|ng statomonts, nor |ndood, tho |dont|t|os ot any |nd|v|dua|s |n attondanco, may bo rovoa|od. Add|t|ona||y, undor thoso
lu|os, ono may not rovoa| that ono roco|vod th|s |ntormat|on at tho 3||dorborg Group's moot|ngs.
02
3. Goals and HIstory: BIlderberg 8henanIgans
As Estu||n notos, tho 3||dorborg Group |tso|t ro|oasod a documont |n 1080 that statod tho|r t|rst moot|ng, ho|d |n 10b4,
grow out ot tho concorn oxprossod by many |oad|ng c|t|zons on both s|dos ot tho At|ant|c that Wostorn Europo and lorth Amor|ca woro not
work|ng togothor as c|oso|y as thoy shou|d on mattors ot cr|t|ca| |mportanco. lt was to|t that rogu|ar, ott-tho-rocord d|scuss|ons wou|d ho|p croato a
bottor undorstand|ng ot tho comp|ox torcos and major tronds attoct|ng Wostorn nat|ons |n tho d|tt|cu|t post-war por|od.'
08
3ut thoro was anothor goa| trom tho outsot that |ay h|ddon w|th|n th|s dos|ro s|mp|y to havo ott-tho-rocord d|scuss|ons':
lord lothsch||d and lauronco lockoto||or, koy mombors ot two ot tho most powortu| tam|||os |n tho wor|d, porsona||y handp|ckod 100 ot tho wor|d's
o||to tor tho socrot purposo ot rog|ona||z|ng Europo, accord|ng to G|ovann| Ango|||, tho now-docoasod hoad ot ||at, who a|so sa|d Europoan
|ntograt|on |s our goa|, and whoro tho po||t|c|ans ta||od, wo |ndustr|a||sts hopo to succood.'
04
3oar tho goa| ot Europoan |ntograt|on |n m|nd, tor |t w||| bocomo an |mportant data po|nt |n tho |ntorprotat|on ot tho roa| tound|ng mot|vat|ons boh|nd
tho 3||dorborg Group |n a momont.
W|th|n a moro 14 yoars ot that t|rst moot|ng |n 10b4, howovor, 3||dorborg goa|s - w|th tho Europoan Common Varkot wo|| on |ts way to
bocom|ng tho Europoan Econom|c Un|on and t|na||y tho Europoan Un|on - had takon on a somowhat grandor v|s|on:
(A) commont mado to tho 3||dorborgor o||to by Goorgo 3a|| dur|ng a prosontat|on t|t|od lntornat|ona||zat|on ot 3us|noss' at tho Apr|| 20-28, 1008,
3||dorborg moot|ng |n Vont 1romb|ant, Canada, prov|dos a tar moro truthtu| and |ns|ghttu| g||mpso |nto tho Group's oconom|c or|ontat|on. 3a||, who
was tho Undorsocrotary ot 3tato tor Econom|c Atta|rs undor 1|K and lyndon 1ohnson, a 3toor|ng Comm|ttoo mombor ot tho 3||dorborg Group as
wo|| as a 3on|or Vanag|ng 0|roctor tor lohman 3rothors and Kuhn loob lnc., dot|nod what tho now 3||dorborgor po||cy ot g|oba||zat|on was go|ng
to bo, and how |t wou|d shapo tho Group's po||cy.
ln ossonco,' wr|tos l|orro 3oaudry |n 5yoorcby Vovomoot o Emplro, 3a|| prosontod an out||no ot tho advantagos ot a now-co|on|a| wor|d
oconom|c ordor basod on tho concopt ot a wor|o compooy, and doscr|bod somo ot tho obstac|os that noodod to bo o||m|natod tor |ts succoss.
Accord|ng to 3a||, tho t|rst and most |mportant th|ng that had to bo o||m|natod was tbo orcbolc po|ltlco| stroctoro o tbo ootloo stoto.'
0b
Estu||n summar|zos what th|s wor|d company' moans |n pract|ca| torms about 3||dorborgor goa|s. Accord|ng to h|m, thoy want:
1. Ono lntornat|ona| ldont|ty,
2. Contra||zod Contro| ot tho loop|o,
8. A Zoro-Orowtb 5ocloty,
4. A 5toto o Porpotoo| lmbo|ooco,
b. Contra||zod Contro| ot A|| Educat|on,
0. Contra||zod Contro| ot A|| |oro|gn and 0omost|c lo||c|os,
7. Empowormont ot tho Un|tod lat|ons,
8. Wostorn 1rad|ng 3|oc (a lA|1A-||ko un|on ot lorth and 3outh Amor|ca),
0. Expans|on ot lA1O,
10. Ono loga| 3ystom,
11. Ono 3oc|a||st Wo|taro 3tato.
00
3oar |n m|nd po|nts 8 and 4 (Zoro Growth and lorpotua| lmba|anco), as thoy w||| boar d|roct|y on our |ntorprotat|on ot tho tound|ng purposos tor tho
Group a ||tt|o |ator on.
1hoso modost' goa|s thorotoro |nt|uonco tho vott|ng procoss tor who gots |nv|tod to 3||dorborg moot|ngs. Estu||n statos that tho Group's 3toor|ng
Comm|ttoo s|mp|y |ooks tor a Ono Wor|d Ordor onthus|ast and (a) . 3oc|a||st.'
07
1h|s |s yot anothor |mportant c|uo, ono that w||| assumo groat
s|gn|t|canco as th|s book unto|ds, tor |t moans ossont|a||y that tho 3||dorborg Group's wor|dv|ow |s oo loto||octoo||y c|osoo systom, d|ssont|ng or
oppos|ng po|nts ot v|ow aro not ovon roprosontod |n tho Group's typ|ca| compos|t|on at any g|von moot|ng. As notod botoro, th|s g|vos a
d|st|nct|vo|y |doo|og|ca| charactor|st|c to tho Group's compos|t|on. Attor a||, a|| ot thom aro |doo|oguos, and tho |doo|ogy |s, qu|to s|mp|y put, g|oba|
dom|nat|on by a so|t-appo|ntod o||to. 1ho goa| |s s|mp|y to ru|o tho wor|d w|th or w|thout |ts consont, w|th guns or buttor, w|thout.'
08
0av|d lockoto||or, ot courso, |s ono ot tho pr|nc|pa| movors and shakors |n th|s cooporat|vo o||t|st ottort to ons|avo mank|nd, and |n 1072, ho and
protogo Zb|gn|ow 3rzoz|nsk| toundod tho 1r||atora| Comm|ss|on, a 3||dorborg-||ko group that roachod out to |nc|udo 1apan and tho Or|ont w|th|n |ts
ranks. 1ho goa| was to croato an |ntornat|ona| a|||anco that wou|d croato stratog|os and po||c|os to conso||dato tho tour p|||ars ot powor - 'po||t|ca|,
monotary, |nto||octua| and occ|os|ast|ca|' - undor a contra| wor|d govornmont.'
00
1ho occ|os|ast|ca|' componont |s a |ong and murky part ot th|s
story, and |n tact too comp||catod to go |nto horo as |t wou|d roqu|ro a book ot |ts own. 3utt|co |t to say that tho lockoto||or |oundat|on |s tho sourco
ot many grants to ardont ocumon|ca| movomont projocts and has boon a major supportor ot tho Wor|d Counc|| ot Churchos. 1hat bo|ng sa|d,
howovor, as w||| bo soon |n part two ot tho prosont book, tho a|||anco botwoon tho bankstors and a cyn|ca| tomp|o o||to' has boon a vory |ong ono,
strotch|ng back to anc|ont t|mos.
ln any caso, at tho 1001 3||dorborg moot|ng lockoto||or m|ncod no words about h|s goa|s tor a supranat|ona| sovoro|gnty ot an |nto||octua| o||to
and wor|d bankors, wh|ch |s suro|y protorab|o to tho nat|ona| auto dotorm|nat|on pract|cod |n past contur|os.'
70
G|von tho |nab|||ty ot tho 3||dorborg
Group to countonanco v|owpo|nts that do not ta|| |nto tho|r c|osod systom' wor|dv|ow, |t |s no surpr|so that |t has takon act|vo stops to romovo trom
prom|nonco thoso who ospouso and/or act upon oppos|ng v|ows.
|or oxamp|o, tho 3||dorborgors opposod lros|dont Char|os 0o Gau||o's croat|on ot an |ndopondont |ronch nuc|oar and thormonuc|oar arsona|
bocauso |t throatonod to mako |ranco too |ndopondont and nat|ona||st|c on tho wor|d goopo||t|ca| stago.
71
Estu||n a|so ma|nta|ns that tho Group
was boh|nd tho romova| ot lr|mo V|n|stor Vargarot 1hatchor bocauso ot hor oppos|t|on to a curroncy ama|gamat|on botwoon Groat 3r|ta|n and tho
rost ot Europo and tho |oss ot nat|ona| sovoro|gnty th|s wou|d |nov|tab|y moan tor hor country.
72
Estu||n ovon prosonts ov|donco that lta||an lr|mo
V|n|stor A|do Voro was murdorod by tho Group tor s|m||ar roasons, and that |onry K|ss|ngor was |mp||catod |n tho atta|r.
78
||na||y, accord|ng to
Estu||n tho roa| roason boh|nd tho who|o sord|d Watorgato atta|r and tho ros|gnat|on ot lros|dont l|chard V. l|xon was bocauso ho opposod tho
Gonora| Agroomont on 1ar|tts and 1rado (GA11), a schomo that wou|d |oad |noxorab|y to tho lA|1A agroomonts and tho ovontua| ama|gamat|on
ot tho U.3.A., Canada, and Vox|co |nto a rog|ona| supor-stato.
74
4. 1entatIve ConclusIons and lmplIcatIons: 1he 8tandard lnterpretIve 1emptatIon
A|| thoso cons|dorat|ons |oad many poop|o to what l ca|| tho standard |ntorprot|vo tomptat|on' ot tho 3||dorborgors and s|m||ar groups,
7b
namo|y,
that thoy const|tuto a moro or |oss mono||th|c group whoso powor and compotonco |s scarco|y ros|st|b|o, and whoso p|ann|ng and subt|oty |s so
comprohons|vo that thoy so|dom ta|| |n tho|r goa|s, and most |mportant|y, that thoy show ||tt|o |t any s|gns ot sor|ous tracturo and tragmontat|on - ot
strugg|os tor powor - wltblo tho|r own c|rc|o. 1hoy aro, |n a word, a sort ot blvo or boro, and, adopt|ng tho h|vo and hord monta||ty tor thomso|vos,
thoy sook to oxtond |t to tho rost ot tho wor|d as a moans ot tho|r own dom|nat|on and hogomony.
1h|s h|vo/hord monta||ty ot tho 3||dorborg Group rot|octs |tso|t |n tho way that |t and a|| othor such groups v|ow tho wor|d oconom|ca||y,
concoptua||y, phys|ca||y, and po||t|ca||y, tor |n oach ot thoso tour casos, thoy bo||ovo |t to bo a c|osoo systom. 1horotoro, |t |s nocossary to havo a
bas|c work|ng |doa ot what |s moant by c|osod systoms' |n oach ot thoso tour sonsos.
3y a c|osod oconom|c systom |s moant tho |doa that tho wor|d's onorgy supp|y, upon wh|ch tho t|nanc|a| systom ot tho bankstors |s basod, |s
toundod upon non-ronowab|o onorgy sourcos such as o||, natura| gas, and so on. |onco, tho systom |s c|osod s|nco tho who|o prom|so ot tho
systom |s scorclty ooo ooorooowobl|lty. 3ocauso ot th|s, Ono 3||dorborg objoct|vo |s to do-|ndustr|a||zo tho wor|d by suppross|ng a|| sc|ont|t|c
dovo|opmont, start|ng w|th tho Un|tod 3tatos. Espoc|a||y targotod aro tho tus|on oxpor|monts as a tuturo sourco ot nuc|oar onorgy tor poacotu|
purposos.'
70
loto tho protound |mp||cat|ons ot th|s c|osod-systom oconom|c parad|gm, tor lt oocossltotos tbot tbo Bl|oorborg ooo slml|or Oroops
most rosort to octlvo moosoros to soppross tbo sclootllc oovo|opmoot o oowtboorlos ooo tbolr o||loo tocboo|oglos tbot woo|o sblt tbo wor|o`s
ooorgy sopp|y - ooo booco tbo loooclo| systom - to o oowbosls, ooo o bosls oo |oogor oooolog to bo ro|loot opoo tbolr owo mooopo|y
loooclo| powor to crooto tbo moolom o oxcboogo ooo croolt. 1hoso act|vo moasuros wou|d |nc|udo, but nood not bo ||m|tod to, tho to||ow|ng:
1. 3uppross|on ot phys|cs thoor|os |mp|y|ng an opon systoms' bas|s tor onorgy, such as any hypor-d|mons|ona| thoory, zoro- po|nt onorgy thoory, and
so on, that wou|d |oad to tochno|og|os tapp|ng |nto thom. 3uch thoor|os aro |nhoront|y opoo systoms tboorlos and tho onorgy supp||os thoy pos|t
aro v|rtua||y |noxhaust|b|o, honco tho t|nanc|a| systom wou|d portorco undorgo a dramat|c motamorphos|s, ond|ng tho|r t|nanc|a| monoy-and-crod|t
croat|ng monopo|y, s|nco t|nanco |tso|t wou|d bocomo an opon systom,
2. lromot|on ot phys|cs thoor|os |n tho pub||c markotp|aco ot |doas' that aro do||borato|y dos|gnod to doad ond,' |.o., mako pract|ca| tochno|og|ca|
accoss to such onorgy supp||os thoorot|ca||y |mposs|b|o' and thus c|oso ott sc|ont|t|c dobato and d|scuss|on, |.o., phys|cs |tso|t |s mado to bo a
concoptua||y c|osod systom,
8. 3uppross|on ot |nd|v|dua|s, groups, corporat|ons, or countr|os dovo|op|ng such onorgy systoms, whothor standard and convont|ona| nuc|oar onorgy,
to moro oxot|c onorgy sourcos such as contro||od tus|on and so-ca||od troo onorgy' dov|cos,
4. lromot|on ot so-ca||od onorgy-ott|c|ont' tochno|og|os that aro bas|ca||y noth|ng but oxpons|vo upgrados' ot tho curront tochno|og|os and onorgy
systoms, |oav|ng tho|r monopo|y t|nanc|a| powor |ntact and unthroatonod.
1hoso cons|dorat|ons |oad a|most |noxorab|y to a cons|dorat|on ot tho noxt sonso ot c|osod systoms,' to tho concoptua||y c|osod systom.'
As has a|roady boon |nd|catod, tho typo ot phys|cs act|vo|y promotod by tho Group w||| bo do||borato|y dos|gnod to doad ond,' |.o., |t w||| bo ono
ot two th|ngs. lt w||| o|thor bo a c|osod-systom phys|cs, or an opon-systom phys|cs that ls lmproctlco| ooo ovoo tboorotlco||y lmposslb|o to
ooglooor or tbo orosooob|o otoro. |onco, tho Group's own |ntorna| dynam|cs w||| not on|y bo concoptua||y c|osod to a|| such thoor|os, but w|||
oxtond |tso|t across tho rango ot human oxpor|onco, and concoptua||zat|on, s|nco a pract|ca||y ong|noorab|o opon-systoms phys|cs |mp||os tho
domocrat|zat|on not on|y ot onorgy, but |ts coro||ar|os, t|nanco and po||t|ca| powor, across a vory broad spoctrum ot poop|o, as a groator mass ot
poop|o wou|d bo ||ttod op to groator woa|th, troodom, and prospor|ty. 1ho Group, thon, ov|doncos tho ottoct ot |ts own c|osod-systom phys|cs, by
advocat|ng c|osod and monopo||zod systoms ot t|nanco and po||t|cs. 1h|s was rot|octod |n tho tact that tho Group rocru|ts on|y thoso who sharo |ts
v|ow and goa|s, as wo havo soon.
And th|s h|gh||ghts |ts t|rst major woaknoss, tor bo|ng comm|ttod rathor unsc|ont|t|ca||y to such a c|osod systom |n wh|ch progross |s to bo
shunnod and supprossod, tho Group shows that |t | s |ncapab|o ot adaptab|||ty to chang|ng c|rcumstancos that aro not undor |ts own contro|. ln short,
|t cannot ovo|vo and |s thorotoro dost|nod to stagnato, w|thor, and d|o.
1h|s tact ov|doncos a turthor prob|om that tho Group has, and |t |s ono to wh|ch l havo avorrod |n prov|ous books and rad|o ta|k show |ntorv|ows,
and that |s tho pro||torat|on prob|om.' Estu||n out||nos th|s prob|om |n tho to||ow|ng tash|on:
Why |s nuc|oar onorgy hatod so much by tho low Wor|d Ordor? Accord|ng to 1ohn Co|oman, a tormor 3r|t|sh Vl0 socrot agont, nuc|oar powor
stat|ons gonorat|ng abundant choap o|octr|c|ty aro 7bo koy to br|ng|ng 1h|rd Wor|d countr|os out ot tho|r backward stato. W|th nuc|oar onorgy
gonorat|ng o|octr|c|ty |n choap and abundant supp||os, 1h|rd Wor|d countr|os wou|d gradua||y bocomo |ndopondont ot U.3. toro|gn a|d, wh|ch koops
thom |n sorv|tudo, and bog|n to assort tho|r sovoro|gnty.
loss toro|gn a|d moans |oss contro| ot a country's natura| rosourcos by tho lV|, and groator troodom and |ndopondonco tor tho poop|o. lt |s th|s
|doa ot dovo|op|ng nat|ons tak|ng chargo ot tho|r own dost|n|os that |s ropugnant to tho 3||dorborgors and tho|r surrogatos.
1h|s was cont|rmod on pago 18 ot tho 3||dorborg 10bb Gonora| loport: ln tho t|o|d ot atom|c onorgy, sc|ont|t|c d|scovory was cont|nua||y
ovortak|ng |tso|t.. lt cou|d not bo oxc|udod that tho sc|ont|sts wou|d put tho bomb |nto tho hands ot moro and moro poop|o and so 'tho atom|c bomb
wou|d bocomo tho arm ot tho poor.' 1ho samo app||od to tho dovo|opmont ot atom|c onorgy tor poacotu| purposos, whoro wo had a|most to torosoo
tho untorosooab|o.'
77
ln othor words, part ot tho concorn ot tho 3||dorborgors |n tho docado or so to||ow|ng Wor|d War ll, was tho apparont oaso by wh|ch atom|c onorgy
- and honco atom bombs - cou|d pro||torato boyond tho|r ab|||ty to contro|. lt wou|d, to put |t m||d|y, bo a po||t|ca| n|ghtmaro, as sma||or nat|ons
cou|d conco|vab|y ho|d tho rost ot tho wor|d undor a k|nd ot nuc|oar b|ackma||. ln short, somo ot tho|r roasons tor sc|ont|t|c suppross|on woro |ndood
a|tru|st|c.
|owovor, thoro a|| a|tru|sm onds, tor a v|rtua| Wostorn monopo|y on such woapons at that t|mo |n tho |mmod|ato postwar por|od a|so gavo tho
Group a t|na| throat ot |ast rosort' aga|nst tho vory poop|o and wor|d |t sought and st||| sooks to ons|avo. And th|s br|ngs us back to tho othor
prob|om: opon-systoms phys|cs and onorgy sourcos. As wo sha|| soo subsoquont|y |n th|s book, such systoms aro ro|at|vo|y oasy th|ngs to
ong|noor, and moroovor, such a phys|cs, |t woapon|zod, wou|d potont|a||y bo capab|o ot mak|ng a hydrogon bomb |ook ||ko a t|rocrackor. 1ho
Group must thorotoro sook not on|y to suppross pub||c oxp|orat|on and dovo|opmont ot th|s phys|cs trom a pro||torat|on standpo|nt, but |t must a|so
sook to dovo|op |t pr|vato|y tor |tso|t, g|v|ng |t yot anothor monopo|y on a tochno|ogy ot hogomony. 1h|s too, as wo sha|| soo, |s yot anothor ||nk to tho
anc|ont past.
1horo |s ono t|na| consoquonco ot such a c|osod-systom v|ow ot phys|cs, oconom|cs, and t|nanco, and that |s that |t |oads to porpotua| war,
78
s|nco ovor-dw|nd||ng rosourcos aro bo|ng sought by ovor moro compot|ng |ntorosts. lor |s tho Group |mmuno trom th|s, s|nco scarc|ty w||| |nov|tab|y
br|ng about sovoro tact|ona| |nt|ght|ng, as ono tact|on domands moro rosourcos than tho projoctod Wor|d Govornmont' or Wor|d Company'
w|shos to prov|do |t.
70
Evontua||y, w|th|n such a c|osod-systom phys|co-oconom|c ordor, tho systom must dovour tho wor|d and t|na||y |tso|t.
lt |s, by |ts own ||ghts and ph||osophy, |nov|tab|y ooomoo.
lt anyth|ng omorgos trom thoso br|ot cons|dorat|ons |t |s th|s: lo tbo omorglog g|obo| commoolty, oo opoo-systom pbyslcs ls o|tlmoto|y tbo koy
to opoo systoms o ocooomlcs, to opoo coocoptoo| systoms, ooo to opoo systoms o po|ltlcs ooo loooco. 1h|s doop and protound ro|at|onsh|p
botwoon phys|cs, t|nanco, and po||t|ca| ordor |s, ot courso, not unknown to tho 3||dorborg Group or othor such groups, as tho|r own act|vo
suppross|on ot such phys|cs and cognato tochno|og|os attosts.
80
1ho roa| quost|on that sha|| prooccupy us throughout tho roma|ndor ot th|s book |s
oxact|y why that ro|at|onsh|p shou|d ovon ox|st, to out||no |ts sa||ont toaturos, and to oxam|no corta|n aspocts ot how |t has man|tost |tso|t |n h|story.
C. uNu5uAL CuE515 A1 1EE F|R51 NEE1|NC, AND 1EE AL1ERNA1|VE EXPLANA1|ON:
DE1EN1E
As prov|ous|y |nd|catod, tho standard |ntorprotat|on ot tho Group and |ts surrogatos as a mono||th|c, omn|compotont and omn|potont b|oc doos
not tako |nto account somo vory s|gn|t|cant tacts that boar d|roct|y upon tho |ntorprotat|on ot thoso oar|y 3||dorborgor moot|ngs, |nc|ud|ng ospoc|a||y
tho t|rst onos ca. 10b4-1000. 1hoso tacts may bo d|st|ngu|shod |nto throo c|assos:
1. 1ho prosonco ot two unusua| guosts, w|th prom|nont laz| backgrounds, at tho t|rst moot|ngs,
2. 1ho w|dor contoxt ot postwar surv|va| ot a laz| lntornat|ona| and |ts t|nanc|a| and po||t|ca| cap|ta| and objoct|vos,
8. 1ho occurronco ot ovonts - subsoquont to tho t|rst 3||dorborg moot|ng - |nd|cat|vo ot somo sort ot undorstand|ng botwoon tho Ang|o-Amor|can
bank|ng o||to and tho laz| lntornat|ona|, oach ot wh|ch had tho|r own g|oba||st agonda tor wor|d dom|nat|on.
Each ot thoso po|nts must bo oxam|nod |n somo dota|| |n ordor to approc|ato tho|r s|gn|t|canco tor an undorstand|ng ot at |oast ono ot tho probab|o
purposos tor tho ostab||shmont ot tho 3||dorborg Group.
1. 1wo PromInent Guests wIth NazI Backgrounds
Vost rosoarchors on tho 3||dorborg Group havo not|cod tho prosonco ot lr|nco 3ornhard ot tho lothor|ands as tho |nst|gator and cha|rman ot
ono ot |ts t|rst moot|ngs |n tho 10b0s, and somo, 1|m Varrs tor oxamp|o, havo a|so notod that 3ornhard was a tormor 33 ott|cor, as wo|| as a v|co
pros|dont tor tho notor|ous and gargantuan Gorman chom|ca|s carto| l.G. |arbon.
81
3ut thoro |s anothor s|gn|t|cant t|guro prosont |n thoso t|rst
moot|ngs as wo||, and |t |s tho comb|nat|on ot thoso two mon that |nd|cato thoro may havo boon yot anothor h|ddon purposo |n tho tound|ng ot tho
3||dorborg Group.
1hat man |s 0outschobank cha|rman, 3ovoro|gn V|||tary Ordor ot Va|ta mombor, and l.G. |arbon, 0a|m|or-3onz, and 3|omons board ot
d|roctors mombor, 0r. |ormann 1osot Abs.
82
ln add|t|on to thoso d|roctorsh|ps on Gormany's most powortu| and |argost bank and somo ot |ts |argost corporat|ons |nc|ud|ng 3|omons and l.G.
|arbon, Abs, dur|ng h|s tonuro as a partnor ot tho pr|vato bank ot 0o|bruck, 3ch|ck|or and Co., |ocatod |n 3or||n, bocamo a c|oso assoc|ato ot laz|
larty Rolcbs|oltor and t|nanc|a| gon|us Vart|n 3ormann, s|nco Abs' pr|vato bank was tho vory bank that managod tho accounts tor tho
lo|chschanco||ory, and thus pa|d Ado|t ||t|or's sa|ary as Chanco||or!
88
2. 1he WIder Context o| the Postwar NazI lnternatIonal and 1he Name "BIlderberger Group
3ut thoro |s a doopor |mp||cat|on to Abs' prosonco at tho 3||dorborg moot|ngs, a|ong w|th to||ow l.G. |arbon ott|cor lr|nco 3ornhard, than ovon
th|s tr|ond|y' ro|at|onsh|p w|th Vart|n 3ormann wou|d |nd|cato. 1h|s doopor |mp||cat|on |s c|oar|y suggostod by tho ro|o that 0outschobank p|ayod |n
mov|ng tho mass|vo amount ot tunds ovorsoas that woro a componont ot Vart|n 3ormann's 3tratog|c Evacuat|on l|an,' t|rst out||nod tor tho laz|
and Gorman corporato |oadorsh|p at a top socrot moot|ng ho|d |n 3trasbourg, |ranco, |n August ot 1044.
84
As l wroto |n ono ot my prov|ous books, Nozl lotorootlooo|, sovon th|ngs omorgod as a consoquonco ot th|s moot|ng:
1. 3ormann bas|ca||y cont|scatod any toro|gn rosorvos |n tho possoss|on ot Gorman corporat|ons and p|acod thom undor tho contro| ot tho laz| larty,
2. 1hoso tunds |n turn wou|d bo d|sbursod to corporat|ons |n a|d ot tho|r tu|t|||mont ot tho goa|s ot tho contoronco,
8. Ono pr|mary goa| was to ostab||sh rosoarch buroaus' whoso purposo, to||ow|ng tho l.G. |arbon l.W. 7 modo|, was to gathor |nto|||gonco and stoa|
toro|gn rosoarch as wo|| as to conduct tho|r own rosoarch,
4. 3|nco thoso tochn|ca| ott|cos woro to havo tho|r own laz| larty ||a|son ott|cor roport|ng d|roct|y to 3ormann, |t |s c|oar that 3ormann lotooooo tor h|s
laz| lntornat|ona| to conduct not on|y osp|onago but rosoorcb |n |ts own r|ght, undor dopartmonts - tho tochn|ca| ott|cos' - ot Gorman
corporat|ons on|y vory |ooso|y connoctod to thom,
b. Each such rosoarch buroau was to bo ostab||shod undor a c|oak ot othor act|v|ty, such as |nvost|gat|ng wator rosourcos',
0. 1ho cap|ta| t||ght program was dos|gnod to soo to |t that A|||od author|t|os d|d oot got tho most va|uab|o Gorman sc|ont|sts, tochn|c|ans, or
know|odgo, as roprosontod |n patonts, a|| ot wh|ch woro to bo transtorrod ovorsoas to sato havons, thus |nd|cat|ng that 3ormann, |n tho ||ght ot a||
tho prov|ous|y onumoratod cons|dorat|ons, |ntondod tor tho larty to cont|nuo oo looopooooot |loo o sclootllc rosoorcb oooor lts owo cootro|, a||
tho wh||o manag|ng and shar|ng any |ntormat|on ga|nod through |ts osp|onago act|v|t|os w|th tho |nvo|vod Gorman corporat|ons, as tho larty and
3ormann saw t|t.
And a|| th|s |mp||os somoth|ng o|so, somoth|ng vory obv|ous, and vory s|gn|t|cant:
7. Vart|n 3ormann o||y lotooooo to sorvlvo tbo wor lo oroor to coorolooto o|| tboso octlvltlos.
8b
loto tho s|gn|t|cant po|nt ot ostab||sh|ng rosoarch buroaus' undor tho d|roct|on ot laz| larty ||a|son ott|cors who, |n turn, gathorod |nto|||gonco,
ovorsaw ongo|ng postwar laz| rosoarch act|v|t|os, and who roportod d|roct|y to 3ormann! 3y oxtons|on thon, tho prosonco ot 33 Ott|cor lr|nco
3ornhard as not on|y a toundor ot tho 3||dorborgor Group, but as tho t|rst cha|rman ot |ts t|rst moot|ng, and tho prosonco ot 3ormann's bankor, 0r.
|ormann 1osot Abs, |n |ator moot|ngs, h|mso|t a |arbon d|roctor a|ong w|th lr|nco 3ornhard, |s a strong |nd|cator that tbo Bl|oorborg Oroop moy
bovo booo oooooo os yot oootbor |lolsoo olco' or Bormooo`s Nozl lotorootlooo|, o||owlog lt oot oo|y tbo opportoolty to slt oowo bobloo c|osoo
ooors ooo oxcboogo loormotloo' wltb lts cblo rlvo| or powor - tbo Aog|o-Amorlcoo booklog o|lto - bot to molotolo o coostoot |ow o
loto||lgooco oo lts octlvltlos ooo goo|s.
80
lt was, |n short, a marr|ago ot convon|onco to movo and |aundor mass|vo amounts ot monoy through tho
Ang|o-Amor|can o||to's corporat|ons and banks. And as w|th a|| such doa|s w|th tho dov||, 3ormann's monoy a|so carr|od w|th |t tho |mp||od throat
that somoday tho markors wou|d como duo.'
1horo |s somo corroborat|vo ov|donco tor th|s |ntorprotat|on ovon |n Estu||n's book |tso|t:
Vost roports contond tho or|g|na| mombors namod tho|r a|||anco tho 3||dorborg Group attor tho hoto| whoro thoy mado tho|r covonant. Author
Gyoorgos C. |atonn, howovor, d|scovorod that Gorman-born lr|nco 3ornhard was an ott|cor |n tho lo|tor 33 Corp |n tho oar|y 1080s and was on
tho board ot an l.G. |arbon subs|d|ary, |arbon 3||dor. ln h|s book, Ropo o tbo Coostltotloo, Lootb o lroooom, |atonn c|a|ms lr|nco 3ornhard
drow on h|s laz| h|story |n corporato managomont to oncourago tho supor socrot po||cy-mak|ng group to ca|| thomso|vos tho 3||dorborgors attor
|arbon 3||dor, |n momory ot tho |arbon oxocut|vos' |n|t|at|vo to organ|zo |o|nr|ch ||mm|or's C|rc|o ot |r|onds' - o||to woa|th-bu||d|ng |oadors who
amp|y rowardod ||mm|or tor h|s protoct|on undor lat|ona| 3oc|a||st programs, trom tho oar|y days ot ||t|or's popu|ar|ty through to laz| Gormany's
dotoat. 1ho roya| 0utch tam||y d|scroot|y bur|od th|s part ot lr|nco 3ornhard's background whon, attor tho war, ho bocamo a top ott|c|a| |n loya|
0utch 3ho||, a 0utch-3r|t|sh cong|omorato. 1oday, th|s r|ch Europoan o|| company torms part ot tho |nnor c|rc|o ot tho 3||dorborg o||to.
87
1horo, howovor, Estu||n |oavos mattors, novor to roturn to tho potont|a| |mp||cat|ons th|s |ntormat|on s|gna|s.
1hoso potont|a| |mp||cat|ons aro s|gna|od, onco aga|n, by Abs' prosonco as a 3||dorborgor, and to soo what |t |s, wo havo to |ook a ||tt|o c|osor at
tho postwar ro|at|onsh|p botwoon h|m, 3ormann, and tho lorth Amor|can tact|on ot tho 3||dorborg Group that |s |mp||catod |n a ||tt|o-known |nc|dont.
3. An Event lndIcatIve o| an UnderstandIng between the Anglo-AmerIcan Corporate GlobalIst ElIte and the NazI lnternatIonal
1h|s |nc|dont |s a c|oar |nd|cator that tho 3||dorborg Group's oar|y tound|ng was tor tho purposos ot str|k|ng a k|nd ot dotonto' botwoon tho two
o|d r|va|s, tho laz| lntornat|ona| and tho Ang|o-Amor|can o||to, s|nco both sharod s|m||ar goa|s, and both had accoss to a |ot ot monoy. 1ho |nc|dont
was d|sc|osod by |ongt|mo C33 journa||st and Ed Vorrow assoc|ato lau| Vann|ng, |n h|s book Vortlo Bormooo. Nozl lo Exl|o. Vann|ng rocounts a
||tt|o-known ottort by U.3. 3upromo Court 1ust|co 1ackson, who had obta|nod tamo as Amor|ca's ch|ot prosocutor dur|ng tho luromborg War
Cr|mos 1r|buna|s, and lros|dont |arry 3. 1ruman, to track down tho laz| larty Rolcbs|oltor. l rocountod th|s ottort |n my book 7bo Nozl
lotorootlooo| as to||ows:
lau| Vann|ng, a journa||st and |ongt|mo assoc|ato and tr|ond ot tho tamous C33 nowsman Ed Vorrow, mont|onod 3ormann's prosonco |n
3ar||ocho prov|nco, but d|d not connoct h|s appoaranco w|th tho l|chtor tus|on projoct. Vann|ng bog|ns by not|ng that lros|dont 1ruman h|mso|t
bocamo |nvo|vod |n tho hunt tor 3ormann |n 1048, throo |ong yoars otor 3ormann supposod|y d|od try|ng to oscapo 3or||n, accord|ng to tho ott|c|a|
standard' h|story:
On 1uno 10, 1048, lros|dont 1ruman bocamo |nvo|vod |n tho hunt tor Vart|n 3ormann. lobort |. 1ackson, who had onco takon a |oavo trom tho
3upromo Court to sorvo as U.3. ch|ot prosocutor at tho luromborg tr|a|s, wroto to tho pros|dont that a qu|ot soarch shou|d bo mado by tho |3l tor
3ormann |n 3outh Amor|ca.
Vy suggost|on, thorotoro,' ho wroto, |s that tho |3l bo author|zod to pursuo thorough|y d|scroot |nqu|r|os ot a pro||m|nary naturo |n 3outh
Amor|ca.. l havo subm|ttod th|s summary to Vr. |oovor and am author|zod to say that |t moots w|th h|s approva|. You may |ntorm h|m ot your
w|shos d|roct|y or through mo, as you protor.'
88
1ho cho|co ot tho |3l to do tho |nvost|gat|on |s porhaps s|gn|t|cant. Undor Amor|can todora| |aw attor 1ruman s|gnod tho lat|ona| 3ocur|ty Act ot
1047 that croatod tho ClA and l3A, tho |3l was rostr|ctod to |nto|||gonco oporat|ons on Amor|can so||. A|| oporat|ons on toro|gn so|| to|| undor tho
jur|sd|ct|on ot tho ClA. 3o why wou|d 1ackson havo urgod lros|dont 1ruman to undortako an |nvost|gat|on |n 3outh Amor|ca through tho |3l? Attor
a||, 1ruman h|mso|t s|gnod tho |aw |nto ox|stonco and know tu|| wo|| |ts contonts.
1ho answor ||os onco aga|n |n tho tact that tho ClA, wh|ch, undor Zur|ch O33 stat|on ch|ot A||on 0u||os dur|ng tho war, had nogot|atod a h|gh|y
socrot doa| w|th tho hoad ot Gorman m|||tary |nto|||gonco on tho Eastorn |ront, Gonora| lo|nhard Goh|on, to turn ovor - |ock, stock, and laz| -
Goh|on's ont|ro notwork to tho nom|na| ovors|ght ot tho Amor|can |nto|||gonco commun|ty, |oav|ng Goh|on |n chargo ot |ts actua| day-to-day
oporat|ons. ln othor words, botoro tho |nk was ovon dry on tho lat|ona| 3ocur|ty Act ot 1047, tho ClA's c|v|||an charactor' had a|roady boon
comprom|sod |n tho most ogrog|ous way, s|nco |ts ont|ro oporat|ona| dosk |n Eastorn Europo and tho 3ov|ot Un|on, and to a groat oxtont o|sowhoro
as wo||, was stattod by a notwork ot laz|s! lood|oss to say, thon, tho ClA wou|d not bo tho bost |nstrumonta||ty to |nvost|gato 3ormann's poss|b|o
prosonco |n lat|n Amor|ca! 1ackson's roquost a|so suggosts somoth|ng ovon darkor: that both ho and 1ruman koow ot tho oxtont ot laz|
ponotrat|on ot tho ClA, and thorotoro ot |ts untrustworth|noss as an |nvost|gat|vo agoncy tor postwar laz| act|v|ty.
ln any caso, as Vann|ng obsorvos:
1ho pros|dont|a| author|zat|on was g|von, and 1ohn Edgar |oovor ass|gnod tho |nvost|gat|on to h|s most oxpor|oncod and sk|||tu| agont |n 3outh
Amor|ca, who provod that ho was just that by ovontua||y obta|n|ng cop|os ot tho Vart|n 3ormann t||o that woro bo|ng ho|d undor str|ct socrocy by
Argont|na's V|n|stor ot tho lntor|or |n tho Contra| do lnto|||gonc|a. Whon tho t||o (now |n my possoss|on) was roco|vod at |3l hoadquartors, |t
rovoa|od that tho lo|chs|o|tor had |ndood boon trackod tor yoars. Ono roport covorod h|s whoroabouts trom 1048 to 1001, |n Argont|na, laraguay,
3raz|| and Ch||o. 7bo l|o rovoo|oo tbot bo boo booo booklog oooor bls owo oomo rom bls olco lo Oormooy lo Lootscbo Book o Boooos Alros
sloco 1041, tbot bo bo|o ooo jolot occooot wltb tbo Argootloloo olctotor 1ooo Poro, ooo oo Aogost 4, 5, ooo 14, 1007, boo wrlttoo cbocks oo
oomooo occooots lo llrst Notlooo| Clty Book (Ovorsoos Llvlsloo) o NowYork, 7bo Cboso Voobottoo Book, ooo Vooooctorors looovor 7rost
Co., o|| c|ooroo tbroogb Lootscbo Book o Boooos Alros.'
80
3ormann's wart|mo contact w|th 0outscho 3ank b|gw|g 0r. |ormann Abs, and tho connoct|ons to tho |ntornat|ona| t|nanc|a| |ntorosts ot Vorgan
and lockoto||or v|a tho|r b|g low York banks, was pay|ng b|g d|v|donds, tor 3ormann qu|to apparont|y d|d not ovon havo to bloo h|s |dont|ty, but
cou|d s|gn and cash chocks undor h|s own namo through somo ot tho |argost and most wo||-known banks |n Amor|ca as |ato as 1007!
00
Obsorvo carotu||y tho dynam|c horo:
1. 3ormann has accounts otor tho war |n |argo Amor|can banks roprosont|ng tho lockoto||or-Vorgan |ntorost,
2. |o |s ab|o to dratt chocks on thoso accounts and cash thom undor h|s own namo 22 yoars attor tho ond ot tho war,
8. 1hoso chocks aro c|oarod through h|s bank, 0outschobank, through |ts |oca| 3uonos A|ros ott|co |n Argont|na!
Wo havo thus a 3ormann-Abs-lockoto||or notwork, and th|s c|oar|y |mp||os that tho two t|nanc|a| o||tos, roprosontod by tho|r rospoct|vo do|ogat|ons
to thoso oar|y 3||dorborg moot|ngs, havo roachod somo sort ot mooos vlvoool. 1ho quost|on |s, why?
4. Closed 8ystems, Open 8ystems, and Further PossIble Reasons |or the tente
A c|uo to tho answor |s attordod |n part by tho tact that tho |mmod|ato postwar goa|s ot tho laz| lntornat|ona| and tho Ang|o-Amor|can o||to aro
ono and tho samo: tho croat|on ot a Europoan todorat|on undor Gorman oconom|c dom|nanco. 1|m Varrs, |n h|s bostso|||ng book 7bo Rlso o tbo
loortb Rolcb, puts |t th|s way:
Attor tho war a dovastatod Europo |ookod to Gormany tor oconom|c |oadorsh|p. 1ho oconom|c stops takon that bocamo tho Common Varkot took
tho shapo ot prowar laz| p|ans. (3)omohow tho Gornans had tho answor or|g|na||y |n 1042 whon thoy woro mo|d|ng tho oconom|c |nst|tut|ons ot
tho Cont|nont |nto tho|r own dos|gn,' notod Vann|ng.
lt |s |ntorost|ng to noto that tho prosont Europoan Un|on (EU) bogan as moro|y oconom|c moasuros.
.
1ho Europoan Econom|c Commun|ty, bottor known as tho Common Varkot, was ostab||shod |n 10b7 by tho 1roaty ot lomo.. Goorgo VcGhoo,
a mombor ot tho socrot|vo 3||dorborg Group and tormor U.3. ambassador to Wost Gormany acknow|odgod that tho 1roaty ot lomo, wh|ch
brought tho Common Varkot |nto bo|ng, was nurturod at 3||dorborg moot|ngs.'
01
And nood|oss to say, tho u|t|mato goa| ot wor|d dom|nat|on was a goa| sharod both by tho lorth Amor|can |act|on and tho laz| lntornat|ona|, and
honco, both cou|d attord to mako common causo, to como to an agroomont ot dotonto' and coox|stonco' at thoso t|rst 3||dorborg Group
moot|ngs.
3ut thoro |s yot oootbor roason such a dotonto was not on|y sought by both tact|ons, but |n a sonso, a|togothor nocossary: monoy. 1ho robu||d|ng
ot Europo, not to mont|on |ts |ntograt|on, wou|d roqu|ro monoy, and |ots ot |t, and thoro woro two groups - 1ho lorth Amor|can 3||dorborg tact|on,
and tho laz| lntornat|ona| - that had |t |n abundanco. |or 3ormann to grow' tho substant|a| mon|os that h|s laz| larty had p|undorod trom Europo,
ho wou|d havo to havo accoss to tho |ntornat|ona| bank|ng commun|ty and |ts banks |n 3r|ta|n and lorth Amor|ca. Convorso|y, such vast |nt|ux ot
||qu|d cash and hard commod|t|os such as go|d, d|amonds, and p|at|num, wh|ch 3ormann's laz| lntornat|ona| had |n abundanco,
02
wou|d const|tuto
a rosorvo that wou|d groat|y oxpand tho lockoto||or-Vorgan-lothsch||d banks' |odgor crod|t-mak|ng ab|||ty, onr|ch|ng thom |n tho procoss.
lt was, |nov|tab|y, a dotonto' mado |n bankstors' hoavon.
And 3||dorborg was tho rosu|t.
1horo |s, howovor, a t|na| roason tor tho dotonto, ono that onco aga|n domonstratos tho doop connoct|on ot t|nanco and phys|cs.
|or 3ormann's laz| lntornat|ona| to ma|nta|n th|s dotonto tor such a |ong por|od attor tho war - attor a||, accord|ng to Vann|ng and tho Argont|no
|nto|||gonco sorv|co, ho cashod chocks on lockoto||or-Vorgan banks v|a 0outschobank |n 1007 - ho wou|d havo to havo had powortu| coorc|vo
|ovorago' w|th wh|ch to onsuro that tho Ang|o-Amor|can tact|on ||vod up to |ts part ot tho doa|. lart ot th|s no doubt camo trom tho |mp||c|t throat
attordod by tho vast |nto|||gonco rosourcos ava||ab|o to h|m: Gonora| Goh|on's o|d Gorman m|||tary |nto|||gonco un|t, now tho nuc|ous ot Wost
Gormany's Boooosoocbrlcbtoooloost, tho laz| larty's own s|gn|t|cant |nto|||gonco notwork, and so on. 1ho moro ox|stonco ot such a notwork
wou|d convoy tho throat that |t tho othor tact|on d|d not bohavo accord|ng to tho|r agroomonts, |ts |oadors cou|d bo vory oas||y assass|natod.
08
1horo |s, howovor, anothor b|t ot |ovorago 3ormann's laz| lntornat|ona| contro||od, and |t was ono p|oco ot |ovorago that |ts r|va| lorth Amor|can
tact|on doar|y w|shod to possoss: a|tornat|vo phys|cs.
Ovor tho courso ot tour prov|ous books on wart|mo laz| socrot woapons rosoarch - Rolcb o tbo B|ock 5oo, 7bo 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||,
5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, and 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo| - l havo dota||od tho story ot tho laz| 3o|| dov|co, a hypor-d|mons|ona| phys|cs dov|co
bo|ng rosoarchod undor tho ausp|cos ot tho 33 dopartmonts Eotwlck|oogsto||o-lV(0ovo|opmont Aroa lv), lorscboog, Eotwlck|oog, ooo Potooto
(losoarch, 0ovo|opmont, and latonts), and 33 Gonora| |ans Kamm|or's supor-socrot woapons b|ack projocts th|nk-tank, tho Komm|orstob.
04
As
tho m|ss|on br|ot ot tho Eotwlck|oogsto||o lV was to dovo|op troo onorgy and to mako Gormany |ndopondont ot toro|gn o||,
0b
and as tho |attor two
dopartmonts woro rospons|b|o tor tho 3o|| |tso|t (a dov|co l bo||ovo to havo boon dos|gnod tor a throoto|d purposo: to |nvost|gato that samo troo
onorgy,' to oxp|oro tho poss|b|||t|os ot advancod t|o|d propu|s|on concopts, and t|na||y, as a woapon that had tho potont|a| to mako ovon tho |argost
thormonuc|oar bombs pa|o by compar|son tor dostruct|vo potont|a|),
00
th|s dov|co and tho a|tornat|vo phys|cs |t roprosontod and ombod|od woro a
c|oar throat to tho c|osod-systoms approach o ot |oost tbo Nortb Amorlcoo tact|on w|th|n tho 3||dorborg Group and s|m||ar groups. As l a|so dota||
| n 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|, 3ormann saw to |t that wh||o tho A|||os and 3ov|ots roco|vod an a|most oqua| and sta|omat|ng d|v|s|on ot tho
tochno|og|ca| spo||s ot tho 1h|rd lo|ch, th|s dov|co ho rota|nod tor tho laz| lntornat|ona|, and cont|nuod a ||no ot |ndopondont |nvost|gat|on ot |ts
phys|cs.
07
1h|s |ndopondont |nvost|gat|on was hoadquartorod |n Argont|na, noar tho romoto c|ty ot 3an Car|os do 3ar||ocho |n l|o logro prov|nco, somo
000 m||os southwost ot 3uonos A|ros. Ostons|b|y a projoct |nvost|gat|ng tochn|quos tor contro|||ng thormonuc|oar tus|on, |t had ov|dont|y ach|ovod
somo succoss, as d|ctator 1uan loron mado an announcomont |n 10b1 to th|s ottoct.
08
|urthor |nvost|gat|on, howovor, rovoa|od that tho u|t|mato
goa| ot tho projoct was tar boyond th|s, as tho projoct's hoad, 0r. lona|d l|chtor, v|owod contro||od tus|on and p|asma procossos as a way to
man|pu|ato and tho zoro po|nt onorgy, tho tabr|c ot spaco-t|mo |tso|t.
00
|or our purposos horo, howovor, |t |s |mportant to noto that tho Un|tod 3tatos shows an |ntorost |n l|chtor's projoct somo tour yoars otor |t was
shut down by 3ormann and h|s laz| lntornat|ona|.
100
1h|s tact, p|us tho tact, accord|ng to 3o|| rosoarchor lgor W|tkowsk|, that attor tho war tho
Un|tod 3tatos mado ovory ottort to roconstruct tho porsonno| toam that workod on tho 3o||,
101
and that |t a|so ovon wont so tar as to |aunch a m|||tary
commando ra|d |nto Czochos|ovak|a |n 1040 to rocovor documonts doubt|oss ro|at|ng to Gonora| Kamm|or's socrot woapons group,
102
|s a strong
|nd|cat|on that tho Ang|o-Amor|can tact|on koow|n a gonora| tash|on ot tho ox|stonco ot th|s a|tornat|vo phys|cs |n postwar laz| hands, and was
attompt|ng to rocovor as much ot |t tor thomso|vos as poss|b|o, and broak 3ormann's monopo|y ho|d ovor |t and rostoro a ba|anco ot powor,' a|bo|t
a covort ono, botwoon tho two tact|ons.
108
lood|oss to say, thoro |s a|so ovory |nd|cat|on that tho 3ov|ots and A|||os bogan a crash program attor
tho war to |nvost|gato s|m||ar ||nos ot phys|cs tor thomso|vos.
104
1h|s |nd|catos a poss|b|o t|na| roason tor tho dotonto: 3ormann's laz| lntornat|ona| cou|d ||tora||y dang|o port|ons ot that phys|cs and |ts cognato
tochno|og|os botoro h|s orstwh||o a|||os' nosos, and do|o |t out p|ocomoa|, |t ho so choso, |n roturn tor tavors.' And th|s h|nts at a potont|a| |ntorna|
dynam|c w|th|n tho tact|ons roprosontod by tho 3||dorborg Group, tor oach tact|on wou|d sook not on|y to suppross pob|lc dovo|opmont ot such
phys|cs and tochno|og|os, but a|so sook to |nh|b|t tbo otbor octloo`s dovo|opmont ot |t as wo||.
5. An Analogy o| the tente: 1he 1939 NazI-8ovIet Pact
An apt ana|ogy ot th|s s|tuat|on |s attordod by tho laz|-3ov|ot lact ot 1080, tho pact that socrot|y d|v|dod lo|and |nto laz| and 3ov|ot sphoros ot
|nt|uonco' and mado Wor|d War ll poss|b|o. 3oth rog|mos bo|ng what thoy woro, both took cyn|ca| advantago ot tho goopo||t|ca| s|tuat|on, tu||y
know|ng that at somo tuturo t|mo tho two nat|ons wou|d probab|y como to b|ows. 1ho pact was s|mp|y a dotonto,' a coox|stonco' whoro|n both
s|dos agrood not to go to war w|th oach othor, a||ow|ng a por|od ot t|mo dur|ng wh|ch oach cou|d bu||d up |ts torcos to do proc|so|y that!
|or roasons that woro |n part out||nod |n tho pro|oguo and to bo oxp|orod subsoquont|y, th|s author bo||ovos that w|th|n tho |ast docado or so,
thoro aro d|st|nct s|gns that that tho postwar dotonto w|th|n tho 3||dorborg Group |s broak|ng down, and that thoro |s qu|ot, though vory sor|ous,
covort war bo|ng wagod botwoon tho var|ous tact|ons ot that |ntornat|ona| corporato o||to.
10b
. Closed 8ystems, GlobalIzatIon, New Energy 8ources, and Outer 8pace
3ut what aro tho pract|ca| |mp||cat|ons ot th|s c|osod systom' approach to phys|cs and oconom|cs?
|or tho consp|rators adopt|ng thom and |mpos|ng thom on tho rost ot tho wor|d, thoy aro vory s|mp|o. ln tho t|rst |nstanco, that ot g|oba||zat|on,' a
c|osod g|oba| oconom|c ordor w||| ovontua||y dovour |tso|t, and thorow|th, tho consp|rators thomso|vos. Know|ng th|s, thoy havo two poss|b|o
a|tornat|vos: (1) dovo|opmont ot now onorgy sourcos wh|ch thoy can monopo||zo, a r|sky prospoct as wo sha|| soo, or (2) thoy can opon' tho systom
up a b|t, and vonturo |nto outor spaco, croat|ng a potont|a| compot|tor,' wh||o s|mu|tanoous|y promot|ng tact|ona| and rog|ona| |mba|ancos on tho
oarth wh|ch thoy can man|pu|ato and contro|, and ma|nta|n tho |||us|on that tho oconomy |s pork|ng a|ong n|co|y (as thoy havo dono |n tho past). 3oth
compononts ot th|s stratagom aro thomso|vos traught w|th r|sks as wo||, tor |n promot|ng rog|ona| |mba|ancos and tact|ona| |nt|ght|ng, thoy run tho
r|sk that thoy w||| ovontua||y |oso contro| ot thom, and that tho un|tary c|osod g|oba| systom w||| tragmont, and tho|r powor bo corrospond|ng|y
d|m|n|shod.
D. CONCLu5|ON5 AND |NPL|CA1|ON5
3o what may ono conc|udo trom th|s oxam|nat|on ot tho roa| purposos boh|nd tho 3||dorborg Group?
As wo havo soon, tho to||ow|ng po|nts now ov|donco thomso|vos:
1. 1horo |s a doop and protound connoct|on botwoon tho c|osod-systoms approach ot t|nanco and po||t|cs advocatod by such |ntornat|ona| groups ot
tho corporato o||to, and c|osod-systoms phys|cs,
2. 1h|s connoct|on nocoss|tatos that any |ntorna| tact|ons w|th|n |t sook to suppross tho opon and pub||c dovo|opmont ot such phys|cs, as wo|| as to
monopo||zo |t tor thomso|vos and dony |t to othor tact|ons,
8. Any such group must a|so sook to oxtond |ts |nt|uonco ovor tho othor aroas ot powor: acadom|a, |abor, and, as wo saw trom 0av|d lockoto||or's
romarks, ro||g|on. 1h|s w||| t|guro prom|nont|y |n part two |n our oxam|nat|on ot why anc|ont tomp|os tunct|onod a|so as contors tor tho thon bank|ng
c|ass,
4. ln tho wako ot Wor|d War ll, an apparont dotonto was struck botwoon two major tact|ons - tho Ang|o-Amor|can, and tho laz| lntornat|ona| or
Europoan tact|on - as a rosu|t ot tho pross|ng nood tor channo||ng vast amounts ot laz| p|undor back |nto Europo, and as tho lorth Amor|can
Group and tho Europoan group oach usod tho moot|ngs to gathor |nto|||gonco on tho othor, and koop abroast ot |ts act|v|t|os.
W|th thoso obsorvat|ons, wo havo soon at ono ond ot tho h|stor|ca| po|o tho |ntorro|at|onsh|ps ot c|osod and opon systoms, ot tho bank|ng o||to, and
o t tho nocoss|ty tor |t to suppross tho dovo|opmont ot opon-systoms phys|cs that wou|d |oad to opon t|nanc|a| systoms. Wo havo moroovor
suggostod that thoro |s sor|ous tact|ona| po|ar|zat|on and tons|on w|th|n that c|ass h|d|ng just bonoath tho surtaco, and ab|o to broak out |nto opon
cont||ct g|von corta|n c|rcumstancos.
lt |s now t|mo to pross our oxam|nat|on a ||tt|o turthor back |nto h|story, toward tho Groat 0opross|on, and a h|ddon, ||tt|o-known and ||tt|o
approc|atod |ogacy ot ono ot Amor|ca's most unpopu|ar lros|donts. 1horoby wo w||| bo attordod tho porspoct|vo by wh|ch to porco|vo qu|to c|oar|y
tho |ntorro|at|onsh|ps ot phys|cs and oconom|cs |tso|t, and to track that ro|at|onsh|p ovon turthor back |nto h|story.
1wo
EOOVER'5 E|DDEN LECACY AND C|F1
|ND|CA1OR5 OF A LO51 5C|ENCE
A|| oor cbort coo to|| os ls tbot, ol|log o rovo|otloo o somo sort, tbo pottoro os ostob|lsboo wl|| prosomob|y provol|.'
- Eoworo R. Lowoy ooo Eowlo l. Loklo
100

lo lros|dont ot tho Un|tod 3tatos ot Amor|ca has gono down |n h|story moro |amontod, and ovon oxcor|atod, than has |orbort |oovor, whoso tw|n
m|stortunos woro t|rst to havo pros|dod ovor tho country at tho bog|nn|ng ot tho Groat 0opross|on, and socond|y, to havo boon such an ardont troo-
markot |doo|oguo that ho gonu|no|y thought thoro was noth|ng ho nor tho govornmont cou|d nor shou|d do to a||ov| ato tho suttor|ng ot thoso who had
|ost tho|r sav|ngs, tarms, and homos dur|ng tho cr|s|s. ln th|s ho camo tho c|osost ot any Amor|can ch|ot oxocut|vo to tho att|tudo ot Var|o Anto|notto
who, upon hoar|ng ot tho p||ght ot |ranco's poor bo|ng unab|o to purchaso adoquato tood and broad, |s roportod to havo sa|d moro|y, lot thom oat
cako.' ||s pros|doncy thus camo to op|tom|zo tho popu|ar porcopt|on that tho U.3.A. was a govornmont ot Wa|| 3troot, by Wa|| 3troot, and tor Wa||
3troot. Var|o Anto|notto, ot courso, |ost hor hoad ovor tho mattor. |oovor managod to rota|n h|s hoad, but was oxpo||od trom tho pros|doncy |n
1082 |n an o|oct|on that swopt |rank||n 0o|ano loosovo|t |nto ott|co. 3ut |oovor d|d |oavo ono ondur|ng |ogacy ot h|s attompt to t|nd a gonu|no|y
|ong-torm so|ut|on to tho prob|om ot boom-and-bust' bus|noss cyc|os that had p|aguod Amor|can h|story, and |t |s a |ogacy tow poop|o ovon know
ox|sts. And ovon among tho tow that do know ot |ts ox|stonco, ovon towor ot thom know |ts truo s|gn|t|canco.
1hat |ogacy was Edward l. 0owoy, and bls |ogacy, tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os.
0owoy's |ntorost |n cyc|os bogan whon |oovor, bosot by tho m|sory tho Groat 0opross|on was |nt||ct|ng on so many Amor|cans, wantod to know
tho causo ot |t, and ass|gnod tho U.3. 0opartmont ot Commorco tho task ot t|nd|ng |t out. 1ho ass|gnmont to|| to 0owoy, who was at that t|mo tho
Ch|ot Econom|c Ana|yst ot tho Commorco 0opartmont.
107
3ook|ng out tho ass|stanco ot var|ous oconom|sts, ho |ost ta|th |n standard mothods ot
oconom|cs whon thoy cou|d not prov|do h|m w|th cohoront and cons|stont answors and modo|s. |av|ng accoss to tho vast amounts ot |ntormat|on
ava||ab|o to h|m trom tho Commorco 0opartmont, 0owoy adoptod a novo| approach. lathor than concorn|ng h|mso|t w|th tho wbys ooo coosos ot
dopross|ons, ho doc|dod to study bowoconom|c and bus|noss cyc|os occurrod. |o doc|dod, |n othor words, to study tho wbot, and not tho wby,
108
and |n do|ng so, ho d|scovorod somoth|ng vory s|gn|t|cant.
|o d|scovorod that cyc|os, wovos ot bohav|or, ox|stod |n a|most a|| aspocts ot oconom|c and human soc|a| ||to, trom tho pr|cos ot p|g |ron to
human omot|ons thomso|vos. Accord|ng to tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os' wobs|to |tso|t, 0owoy |oarnod ot a 1081 Canad|an contoronco
on b|o|og|ca| cyc|os. Undor tho gu|danco ot 0owoy and tho contoronco |oador, Cop|oy Amory, tho contoronco's lormanont Comm|ttoo was
organ|zod |nto tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os, and lts scopo wos oo|orgoo to oocomposs o|| olsclp|loos.'
100
|av|ng accoss to th|s
oxpandod databaso |od to tho |oundat|on's ostab||shmont |n 1041, and |t has cont|nuod to gathor hard omplrlco| ov|donco on a|| mannor ot cyc|os
|n a|| poss|b|o d|sc|p||nos ovor s|nco. 1ho work ot tho |oundat|on cont|nuod |n 0owoy's trad|t|on, gathor|ng ov|doncos ot tho wbot rathor than tho
wby, though |nov|tab|y, as wo sha|| soo, tho vast and ovorwho|m|ng amount ot data |t accumu|atod |od to somo ot |ts mombors try|ng to work out a
comprohons|vo thoory ot tho causos ot thoso cyc|os, ot tho wby.
ln any caso, th|s was |oovor's |ast|ng |ogacy - a protound|y pos|t|vo though unsung ono - trom tho Groat 0opross|on and h|s othorw|so
b||ghtod pros|doncy, tor |t |od |n 1047 to tho t|rst comprohons|vo' pub||cat|on ot what tho |oundat|on had d|scovorod. 1h|s was a book co-authorod
by 0owoy and h|s assoc|ato, Edw|n |. 0ak|n, ca||od Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo.
110
lt |s by moans ot th|s book that wo sha|| ga|n our |n|t|a|
ontranco |nto tho doop phys|cs connoct|on botwoon cyc|os ot human bohav|or, oconom|cs, and onorgy tochno|og|os.
A. AN OVERV|EW OF DEWEY'5 DA1ABA5E
Anyono road|ng 0owoy's and 0ak|n's Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo w||| |mmod|ato|y bo struck by tho shoor amount ot data - wh|ch |s but
a t|ny roctloo ot tho data gathorod by tho |oundat|on |n |ts docados ot rosoarch! - that |s crammod |nto |ts comparat|vo|y short 2bb ovorstuttod
pagos. 1horo aro graphs ot tho growth curvos ot pumpk|ns, yoast co||s, and tru|t t||os,
111
ot who|o countr|os ||ko 3wodon, tho Un|tod 3tatos,
112
|ranco, A|gor|a,
118
ot popu|at|ons, ot manutacturos,
114
ot oxports and |mports,
11b
ot tho growth ot ra||roads, sh|pbu||d|ng, and automob||o bu||d|ng
|ndustr|os,
110
ot catt|o, corn, cotton, woo|, whoat, ma|t ||quor, |umbor, and cotton sp|nd|o product|on, coa|, coppor and |oad product|on,
117
ot
a|rp|ano and natura| gas product|on,
118
ot papor and wood pu|p product|on.
110
1horo aro charts ot tho r|sos and ta|| ot At|ant|c sa|mon
popu|at|ons,
120
ot |ynx and tont catorp|||ar popu|at|on cyc|os,
121
ovon ot tho cyc|o ot ozono |ovo|s at london and lar|s.
122
1horo aro charts ot b4-yoar por|od|c cyc|os |n who|osa|o pr|cos, wagos, and |ntorost-boar|ng socur|t|os, ot coa| product|on |n Eng|and and coa|
consumpt|on |n |ranco, ot p|g |ron and |oad product|on |n Eng|and.
128
1horo aro charts and graphs ot n|no-yoar cyc|os ot pr|cos |n manutacturod
goods, common stocks, who|osa|o pr|cos.
124
1horo aro throo-and-a-ha|t-yoar cyc|os ot |ndustr|a| product|on and common stock pr|cos,
12b
18-yoar
cyc|os ot roa| ostato act|v|ty, hous|ng and bu||d|ng construct|on,
120
marr|agos, whoat acroago, br|cks,
127
ot construct|on |n |amburg, Gormany, ot
skyscrapors |n low York C|ty and Ch|cago,
128
|oans and d|scounts and ra||road stock pr|cos,
120
and on and on |t goos.
180
What omorgod trom a|| th|s vast accumu|at|on ot data was that tho growth curvo ot th|ngs - no mattor what thoy woro, trom yoast cu|turos to
countr|os - was tbo somo, and that thoro woro olscorolb|o wovo orms, cyc|os, o vorylog yoors` oorotloo, |n a|| mannor ot th|ngs, trom stock
pr|cos to ozono |ovo|s to atmosphor|c o|octr|c|ty, and that thoso cyc|os woro not on|y d|scorn|b|o but qoootllob|o bocauso thoy woro rogo|or. And
bocauso thoy woro rogo|or, thoy woro not on|y loovltob|o but a|so proolctob|o. As wo sha|| soo, |n th|s |nov|tab|||ty and prod|ctab|||ty, thoro ||os qu|to
a ta|o, tor that story |s |n tact what th|s book |s about.
3ut nood|oss to say, tho possoss|on ot such a databaso, not to mont|on |ts potont|a| |n tho hands ot thoso who know about |t, mado |t a too| to
possoss' tor thoso who stood to bonot|t t|nanc|a||y and po||t|ca||y trom such know|odgo, and th|s |n turn may account tor tho tact that, wh||o a pub||c
toundat|on, tow poop|o actua||y koowabout |t, and towor st||| havo an |nk||ng ot what |ts vast databaso |mp||os about tho structuro ot tho phys|ca|
wor|d, and about thoso who wou|d, through tochno|og|ca| moans, man|pu|ato that structuro tor whatovor purposo, and, |n th|s rogard, ono nood on|y
roca|| that 0r. 0av|d l|'s Gauss|an copu|a tormu|a was proc|so|y a tochn|quo ot such man|pu|at|on. 3ut wo got somo moasuro, porhaps, ot tho
|oundat|on's truo |mportanco and tho truo s|gn|t|canco ot |ts rosoarch by tho prosonco w|th|n |ts momborsh|p and ||sts ot pub||shod papors ot at
|oast ono mombor ot a prom|nont |ntornat|ona| bank. |or oxamp|o, |n |ts ||brary ot ava||ab|o papors on |ts |ntornot wobs|to, ono t|nds tho to||ow|ng
|ntorost|ng cata|oguo ot papors, and thoso, aga|n, aro but a tow ot thoso pub||c|y ava||ab|o. 1horo aro many moro ava||ab|o to mombors ot tho
|oundat|on:
1. A papor by 1hoodor landscho|dt, 0|roctor ot tho 3chrootor lnst|tuto tor losoarch |n Cyc|os ot 3o|ar Act|v|ty, lova 3cot|a, ont|t|od Cosm|c
logu|at|on ot Cyc|os |n laturo and tho Economy.' 1ho short abstract ot th|s papor |s a|so |||um|nat|ng, tor tho papor |s about cyc|os |n naturo that
can bo undorstood and prod|ctod, and that aro connoctod w|th human bohav|or, ospoc|a||y |n tho oconomy.'
181
loto that what |s |mp||od horo |s a
d|roct ro|at|onsh|p botwoon so|ar cyc|os and human oconom|c act|v|ty.
2. A papor by lay 1omos, 0|roctor, Advancod Vanagomont 3ystoms, ltd., |n low Zoa|and, ont|t|od 1owards a Un|t|od 1hoory ot Cyc|os.' 1ho short
abstract ot th|s papor |s oqua||y |||um|nat|ng, tor |t statos that Ev|donco suggosts that oarth-basod cyc|os aro causod by |unar and so|ar ottocts on
oarth's woathor systom. low |doas aro prosontod to oxp|a|n both tbo mocboolsm by wblcb p|oootory o|lgomoots cooso so|or vorlotloos, and tho
roasons tor dota||od harmon|c ro|at|onsh|ps.'
182
1h|s |s a bombsho||, and w||| p|ay a major ro|o throughout th|s book, tor obsorvo what 1omos has
just statod, and statod vory oxp||c|t|y: p|anotary a||gnmonts const|tuto somo sort ot causa| mochan|sm on tho cyc|os ot so|ar act|v|ty, and w|th that,
wo aro but ono stop away trom astro|ogy. 1horo |s but ono prob|om w|th that conc|us|on, and that |s that, w|th tho |oundat|on, ono |s doa||ng w|th a
group that has mass|vo amounts ot omp|r|ca|, quant|t|ab|o, and rogu|ar cyc||c data on wh|ch thoy may baso tho|r thoorot|ca| conc|us|ons. And ono
nood on|y comparo th|s mass|vo blstorlco| databaso, and tho prosonco ot at |oast ono known mombor ot tho |ntornat|ona| bank|ng commun|ty, w|th
0r. 0av|d l|'s Gauss|an copu|a tormu|a wh|ch do||borato|y sot as|do h|stor|ca| data, to porco|vo tho protound d|ttoronco botwoon tho two
approachos, and to porco|vo tho |mp||cat|on that, at somo po|nt, somoono |n tho know' must havo known what tho roa| h|stor|ca| cyc|o wou|d bo.
8. ||na||y, and tor our |mmod|ato purposo, thoro |s a papor by V|ko l|omara who |s statod s|mp|y to bo an Econom|st, V|tsub|sh| 3ank, low York,'
ont|t|od |orocast|ng 1urn|ng lo|nts |n tho lntornat|ona| 3us|noss Cyc|o.' Wh||o tho t|t|o ot th|s papor |s what ono m|ght oxpoct trom an oconom|st
work|ng tor a vory |argo 1apanoso |ntornat|ona| bank, tho abstract, aga|n, |s not, tor bos|dos rotorr|ng to tho uso ot now stat|st|ca| tochn|quos' tor
tho mon|tor|ng and torocast|ng ot turn|ng po|nts |n tho |ntornat|ona| bus|noss cyc|o,' tho abstract onds |n a most unconvont|ona| tash|on by stat|ng
that tho papor w||| a|so doa| w|th tho ro|o ot sunspots |n oconom|c act|v|ty'!
188
|rom th|s ono may roasonab|y conc|udo that at |oast somo |n tho |ntornat|ona| bank|ng commun|ty havo porco|vod a pbyslcs connoct|on to
macro-oconom|c act|v|ty and cyc|os, and aro bont on d|scovor|ng what |t |s. Ono may onv|s|on th|s as a k|nd ot oconophys|cs,' tor |t thoro ls a
phys|cs connoct|on, thon |t stands to roason that |t ono has a standard pub||c consumpt|on' phys|cs v|ow ot phys|ca| systoms as c|osod systoms,
thon ono w||| portorco havo a s|m||ar v|ow ot oconom|cs. 3ut |t, as thoso throo oxamp|os ot tho |oundat|on's pub||shod papors attost, both phys|cs
and oconom|cs aro basod on |ntorro|atod and honco opon systoms, thon ono w||| havo a corrospond|ng oconom|cs and phys|cs.
184
B. 1EE |NEV|1AB|L|1Y AND PRED|C1AB|L|1Y OF CYCLE5: CLO5ED V5. OPEN 5Y51EN5
3ut what d|d 0owoy and 0ak|n thomso|vos stato about thoso cyc|os and tho|r |mp||cat|ons and s|gn|t|canco?
ln tho |ntroduct|on to tho|r book, 0owoy and 0ak|n stato tho|r caso w|th carotu| c|rcumspoct|on:
1horo aro thoso who, adm|tt|ng that oconom|cs has not boon an oxact sc|onco, a|so |ns|st that |t cannot bo, |n tho sonso ot prod|ct|ng outcomos |n
human atta|rs. 1horo aro ovon somo who cons|dor prod|ct|on rogard|ng human ||to as a k|nd ot |mp|oty - or takory, at bost.
...
1ho roador w||| bo |ntroducod to a mothod ot th|nk|ng about tho tuturo wh|ch - now though |t may bo to h|m - sooms dot|n|to|y to havo provod ot
va|uo. lt |s th|s mothod wh|ch |s ot tundamonta| |mportanco - an |mportanco groator than any spoc|t|c conc|us|ons to wh|ch |t may |oad. |or on |ts
va||d|ty doponds tho who|o va|uo ot tho conc|us|ons.
..
lt |s hopod that tho roador's roward w||| bo tho d|scovory that |n oconom|cs, as |n othor sc|oncos, wo aro apparont|y doa||ng w|th |aws rogard|ng
rhythm|c human rosponso to corta|n st|mu|| that g|vo o romorkob|o worklog too| to ooy moo wbo ls rospooslb|y coocorooo wltb otoro ootcomos -
wbotbor bo bo bosloossmoo, commoolty |oooor, or stotosmoo.
18b
Ot courso, tho |doa ot a romarkab|o work|ng too|' |n tho hands ot thoso rospons|b|y concornod w|th tuturo outcomos' |mp||os tho samo
romarkab|o too| cou|d bo usod by thoso lrrospooslb|y concornod w|th tuturo outcomos' as wo||. ln short, boh|nd tho|r carotu||y moasurod proso ||os
tho truo s|gn|t|canco ot tho|r work: |t |s an oxtraord|nar||y powortu| too| ot prod|ct|on, and, to that oxtont, ot man|pu|at|on.
1h|s thoy adm|t a ||tt|o turthor on, whon thoy h|nt at tho potont|a| phys|cs bas|s ot tho|r work:
1ho d|scovory that tho |aw ot avoragos app||os to human|ty - that corta|n act|v|t|os ot poop|o, v|owod on masso, ta|| |nto dot|n|to pattorns, somo ot
wh|ch ropoat thomso|vos w|th por|od|c rhythm - prom|sos to bo ot groat a|d |n mak|ng oconom|cs tunct|on as a truo sc|onco.
180
1h|s appoa| to a stat|st|ca| approach' to human bohav|or lo tbo oggrogoto rovoa|s tho potont|a| phys|cs |mp||cat|ons, tor a s|m||ar such approach |s
usod |n quantum mochan|cs, whoro tho random mot|ons and pos|t|ons ot |nd|v|dua| part|c|os |s novor known, but a stat|st|ca| p|cturo can omorgo ot
tho|r bohav|or |n tho aggrogato. As w||| bo soon, th|s ana|ogy to phys|cs on|y grows, and bocomos moro oxp||c|t, as wo procood.
187
3ut thon, short|y attor |mp|y|ng th|s stat|st|ca| phys|cs' approach to sc|oncos ot human bohav|or, 0owoy and 0ak|n mako a statomont prognant
w|th |mp||cat|ons:
Whon a poop|o t|nds that prod|ct|ons ot many t|nanc|a| adv|sors, statosmon, h|stor|ans, and othor proc|a|mod oxports aro so|dom bottor than tho
prod|ct|ons ot tho astro|ogors, our soc|a| sc|oncos havo domonstrab|y not boon oarn|ng tho|r way. lt |s t|mo tor act|on.
188
Obv|ous|y, trom tho tonor ot tho|r romarks, 0owoy and 0ak|n do not roposo much sc|ont|t|c bas|s or cont|donco |n astro|ogy. Yot, by appoa||ng to |t
as an |||ustrat|on ot tho stato ot tho soc|a| sc|oncos, |nc|ud|ng oconom|cs, thoy havo |mp||od a connoct|on botwoon tho two. lt |s a connoct|on that, as
wo sha|| soo, on|y |ooms |argor and |argor as our oxam|nat|on ot tho|r book Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo procoods. lndood, thoy can hard|y
havo boon ob||v|ous to tho connoct|on, and may havo boon try|ng to hoad ott any cr|t|c|sm trom corta|n quartors that thoy woro |ndood propos|ng a
soph|st|catod k|nd ot astro|ogy.
|av|ng statod th|s pocu||ar compar|son and cavoat, thoy thon procood to d|st|ngu|sh botwoon a thoorot|ca| oconom|cs' and an omp|r|ca|
oconom|cs,' aga|n |mp|y|ng yot anothor ana|ogy to phys|cs:
1h|s book |s an attompt to show, |n an o|omontary way tor tho roador untam|||ar w|th th|s torm ot rosoarch, how somo ot tho |nopt argumonts ovor
oconom|c out|ooks can bo avo|dod by us|ng a tow tacts that shou|d now bo tam|||ar to a||. 1h|s app||cat|on ot a now mothod to a study ot oconom|c
act|v|ty, wh||o ro|at|vo|y young, sooms novortho|oss moro prom|s|ng, |n ottor|ng rosu|ts, than trad|t|ona| oconom|c thoor|os that t||| toxtbooks w|th
op|n|ons and argumonts ovor whothor a g|von causo |s roa||y an ottoct, and v|co vorsa.
180
ln othor words, ono may |mag|no a thoorot|ca| oconom|st' t||||ng b|ackboards w|th comp||catod modo|s and d|ttoront|a| and |ntogra| oquat|ons, and
on that bas|s, mak|ng ana|ysos ot causos' and ot ottocts' w|th no roa| pract|ca| ut|||ty or bas|s |n data - 0r. l| comos to m|nd onco aga|n - or at
bost, a bas|s |n a rathor narrow so|oct|on ot data. ln tact, somo data may t|y comp|oto|y |n tho taco ot tho proposod thoorot|ca| modo|. ln th|s, tho
ana|ogy to much ot modorn thoorot|ca| phys|cs |s vory str|k|ng, whoro a corta|n c|ass or typo ot data |s |gnorod or swopt undor tho rug bocauso |t |s
o|thor contrad|ctory to tho known' thoory, or bocauso tho accoptod and ro|gn|ng thoory |s s|mp|y unab|o to account tor |t, and bocauso thoro may
not bo - by such thoorot|ca| phys|c|sts'' ||ghts - any way to account tor tho data by any thoory known to thom. 1h|s, tor 0owoy and 0ak|n, was
oxact|y tho stato ot modo||ng |n standard oconom|cs |n tho|r day. |or thom, thoy stato tho|r caso w|th a c|ass|ca| omp|r|ca| sc|ont|st's' conc|s|on:
(1ho) 'torocasts' aro wr|tton by tho data.. 1hoy do not rost on tho op|n|on ot any man, or mon. 1hoy aro, |n ottoct, tho probobl|ltlos ot
tomorrow.'
140
3ut what oxact|y d|d a|| th|s vast mounta|n ot data - trom cyc|os ot atmosphor|c o|octr|c|ty to tont catorp|||ar popu|at|ons - |nd|cato?
A g|anco at a tow ot 0owoy's and 0ak|n's charts ot growth pattorns |n var|ous th|ngs w||| say moro than any words poss|b|y cou|d.
Oropb o 5poolsb 7rooo
141
Orowtb o blto R ot Popo|otloo
142
Oropb o tbo Orowtb o Yoost Co||s
148
Uoltoo 5totos Popo|otloo Orowtb
144
0owoy and 0ak|n oxp|a|n tho moan|ng ot thoso and s|m||ar graphs w|th s|mp||c|ty and conc|s|on:
1ho tacts ot growth aro common know|odgo to most mothors, who aro oncouragod by doctors to koop a wo|ght chart around tho nursory, tor
rotoronco at wo|gh|ng t|mo. A|| hoa|thy bab|os, ||ko othor hoa|thy organ|sms, show |argo |n|t|a| ratos ot growth - ovor 100 por cont tor bab|os tho
t|rst yoar. As thoy got o|dor, tho rato ot growth gradua||y ta||s ott. At tho approach ot matur|ty, tho rato growth t|na||y roachos zoro.
Why |t |s that an organ|sm stops grow|ng wo do not roa||y know..
3ut know|odgo that such an |nh|b|t|ng tactor doos ox|st |s |mportant to us, ovon whon wo cannot oxp|a|n |t. Wo t|nd |t roasonab|o that such a tactor
shou|d bo at work |n organ|sms ||ko a baby or a troo, just bocauso wo aro usod to obsorv|ng |t |n act|on. 3ut |t a|so works |n othor k|nds ot
organ|sms, such as human |nst|tut|ons and bus|noss organ|zat|ons.
14b
ln othor words, tho pattorn ot growth, whon appropr|ato|y graphod, |s a|most un|vorsa| and |dont|ca|, rogard|oss ot tho t|mo tramo |n wh|ch such
growth |s moasurod, whothor that ot moro m|nutos, days, or who|o docados.
And th|s nocoss|tatos a commont about 0r. l|'s copu|a tormu|a, and |ndood, about tho who|o naturo ot pr|vato|y-croatod dobt monoy, vorsus tho
actua| pattorn ot oconom|c growth. Undor l|'s tormu|a, and |ndood, boh|nd tho who|o pr|nc|p|o ot monoy-as-dobt croat|on, thoro ||os ono vory
obv|ous tact, namo|y, that thoro |s no ||m|t on tho numbor ot crod|t dotau|t swaps, or on tho amount ot dobt, that can bo croatod. lndood, as tho |aw ot
compound |ntorost shows, such dobt on|y grows oxponont|a||y, ||ko a cancor. 3ut as 0owoy's and 0ak|n's ond|oss oxamp|os show, octoo| growtb
wltblo oo ocooomlc systom roocbos o pook ooo boglos to |ovo| oot, borrlog tbo lotroooctloo o oowoctors socb os o oowtocboo|ogy, loto tbo
systom to opoo lt op ooco ogolo. 1hus, undor such cons|dorat|ons, tho |ntorost on dobt, or ovon on dobt swaps, can novor bo ropa|d.
|or oxamp|o, whon oxam|n|ng such cyc||c graphs tor |ndustr|a| product|on |n var|ous koy |ndustr|os |n tho Un|tod 3tatos, as wo|| as tor |ts ovora||
popu|at|on growth and gonora| oconom|c trond, 0owoy and 0ak|n camo to what was thon, |n oconom|ca||y boom|ng post-Wor|d War ll Amor|ca, a
rathor d|sturb|ng and rad|ca| conc|us|on:
.(1ho) tronds ox|st|ng |n a numbor ot our groat |ndustr|os show dot|n|to|y that wo havo boon roach|ng a por|od ot bas|c matur|ty' |n our who|o
oconom|c dovo|opmont. 1h|s |s a tact ot onormous |mp||cat|ons that roach |n many d|roct|ons. 1ho |mp||cat|ons aro so groat, |ndood, that many
poop|o (as usua| w|th human|ty) t|nd |t oas|or to dony tho tact, |n hoatod argumont, than taco |t honost|y and thon procood to doa| w|th |t.
140
1o put |t succ|nct|y, tho Un|tod 3tatos was roach|ng tho uppor ||m|t ot growth |n a|most a|| cruc|a| catogor|os ot act|v|ty. And, as tho|r own graph ot
U.3. popu|at|on growth that wo havo roproducod prov|ous|y |tso|t |nd|catod, th|s ||m|t wou|d bog|n to bo roachod around tho yoars 2000 to 2100. lt
was a cyc|o rot|octod |n othor koy aroas.
1. CrItIcIsm |rom the ConventIonal
1ho ana|ogy botwoon phys|cs and oconom|cs |n tho|r thoorot|ca| and pract|ca| pursu|ts h|gh||ghts a sor|os ot cr|t|c|sms convont|ona||y-m|ndod
oconom|sts such as 0r. V||ton |r|odman havo |ovo|od aga|nst 0owoy's and 0ak|n's Cyc|os. Accord|ng to |r|odman, tho|r book
|s not a sc|ont|t|c book, tho ov|donco undor|y|ng tho statod conc|us|ons |s not prosontod |n tu||, data graphod aro not |dont|t|od so that somoono o|so
cou|d roproduco thom, tho tochn|quos omp|oyod aro nowhoro doscr|bod |n dota||.. lts c|osost ana|oguo |s tho modorn h|gh-powor advort|somont
- horo ot book |ongth and dos|gnod to so|| an osotor|c and supposod|y sc|ont|t|c product. l|ko most modorn advort|s|ng, tho book sooks to so|| |ts
product by mak|ng oxaggoratod c|a|ms tor |t. show|ng |t |n assoc|at|on w|th othor va|uod objocts wh|ch roa||y don't havo anyth|ng to do w|th |t.
koop|ng d|scroot|y s||ont about |ts dotoats or mont|on|ng thom |n on|y tho vaguost torm. and c|t|ng author|t|os who th|nk h|gh|y ot tho product.
147
3ut |r|odman, too, |ator |n ||to succumbod to tho tomptat|on to wr|to a book about oconom|c sc|onco tor a popu|ar aud|onco ca||od lroo to
Cbooso, ono ot tho books |nt|uont|a| |n tho popu|ar cu|turo ot tho loagan ora, and h|s own oar||or cr|t|c|sms aga|nst 0owoy and 0ak|n m|ght
just|t|ab|y bo |ovo|od at h|s own attompts at popu|ar|zat|on |n that book.
Voro dota||od cr|t|c|sms camo trom oconom|st Vurray lothbard, and w|th thoso cr|t|c|sms, tho ana|ogy botwoon phys|cs and oconom|cs
bocomos ovon moro acuto:
Any such mu|t|cyc||c' approach must bo sot down as a myst|ca| adopt|on ot tho ta||acy ot concoptua| roa||sm. 1horo |s no roa||ty or moan|ng to tho
a||ogod|y |ndopondont sots ot cyc|os.' 1ho markot |s ono |ntordopondont un|t, and tho moro dovo|opod |t |s, tho groator tho |ntorro|at|ons among
markot o|omonts. lt |s thorotoro |mposs|b|o tor sovora| or numorous |ndopondont cyc|os to coox|st as so|t-conta|nod un|ts. lt |s proc|so|y tho
charactor|st|c ot a bus|noss cyc|o that |t pormoatos a|| markot act|v|t|os.
148
3ut lothbard's cr|t|quo m|ssos tho mark, tor nowhoro do 0owoy and 0ak|n c|a|m that tho|r numorous cyc|os aro |ndopondont' ot oach othor. A||
thoy c|a|m |s that, whatovor phonomonon as ono choosos to oxam|no that onduros ovor t|mo, that phonomonon w||| domonstrato a cyc|o or wavo
pattorn. 1hoy do not c|a|m tor thom a so|t-conta|nod |ndopondont c|osoo systom ox|stonco troo trom |ntorro|at|onsh|p w|th othor such cyc|os.
lndood, as w||| bo soon |n tho noxt soct|on, thoy arguo tho oxact opposlto ot what lothbard says thoy do.
1ho phys|cs ana|ogy ot lothbard's cr|t|quo |s thus ov|dont, tor by c|a|m|ng that tho|r mu|t|cyc||c approach must bo sot down as a myst|ca|
adopt|on ot tho ta||acy ot concoptua| roa||sm,' ho |s suggost|ng a k|nd ot Coponhagon' schoo| ot oconom|cs ana|ogous to that |n quantum
mochan|cs, tor whom tho oquat|ons ot quantum mochan|cs d|d oot rotor to any undor|y|ng phys|ca| roa||ty as tho|r bas|s, but rathor such oquat|ons
woro so|o|y mathomat|ca| art|tacts ot tho thoory.
140
3|m||ar|y, tor lothbard, thoro |s no roa||ty or moan|ng to tho a||ogod|y |ndopondont cyc|os'
bocooso thoy aro |ntorro|atod. |or 0owoy and 0ak|n, thoy oro roa| proc|so|y bocooso tboy oro opoo systoms ooo lotorro|otoo. 1ho bottom ||no
thon |s that lothbard's cr|t|quo |s an |doo|og|ca| and ph||osoph|ca| ono. 1ho prob|om, howovor, |s that both 0owoy and 0ak|n, and tho|r cr|t|cs, d|d
not roa||zo tho truo naturo ot what thoy had d|scovorod, namo|y, that thoy had d|scovorod somoth|ng |oss about oconom|cs than about pbyslcs, and
that tho oconom|c act|v|ty tho|r cyc|os woro track|ng woro but a subsot ot a |argor cyc||c c|ass ot phonomona whoso truo naturo and charactor|st|cs
woro tho rosu|t ot a vory doop phys|ca| mochan|cs ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t. 3ut that |ns|ght must wa|t tor tuturo chaptors. Wo havo a|roady
soon, howovor, that 0owoy and 0ak|n c|oar|y must havo suspoctod as much, s|nco thoy |nc|udod cyc||c data about puro|y phys|ca| phonomona, and,
as wo havo a|so a|roady soon, many mombors ot tho |oundat|on havo prosontod papors ||nk|ng tho two |n a k|nd ot oconophys|cs,' suggost|ng a
puro|y phys|cs-basod |nt|uonco on tho pattorns ot cyc||c human act|v|ty. 1h|s was a concopt|on that, onco aga|n, roca||s astro|ogy, and 0owoy's and
0ak|n's own romarks about oconom|cs and astro|ogy. 3uch romarks suggost that thoy may havo bogun to suspoct somo doop and protound
ro|at|onsh|p botwoon tho|r oconom|c cyc|os and vory anc|ont concopt|ons ot phys|ca| |nt|uoncos upon mank|nd op|tom|zod by that anc|ont cratt.
C. Cycles, 1rends, and Cycles Upon Cycles
3o oxact|y how oo 0owoy and 0ak|n domonstrato tho|r awaronoss that a|| tho vast numbor ot cyc|os tho|r |oundat|on has trackod aro |ndood
|ntordopondont? 1ho answor to th|s quost|on ||os (1) |n tho|r d|st|nct|on botwoon cyc|os and tronds, (2) |n tho|r concopt|on ot a por|od|c cyc|o, and
(8) |n what thoy ca|| ovor|ays' ot cyc|os. W|th thoso ovor|ays,' as wo sha|| soo, thoro |s an oxact phys|cs ana|oguo, and |n that ana|oguo, protound
|mp||cat|ons.
1. 1he PerIod Patterns
Cyc|os may oas||y bo d|st|ngu|shod trom moro tronds w|th|n an ovora|| por|od|c rhythm by a g|anco at ono ot tho|r many graphs. loto on tho
to||ow|ng graph how tho bas|c wavotorm ot tho cyc||c por|od |s graphod, vorsus tho actua| moasurod data, somo ot wh|ch ta||s abovo, and somo ot
wh|ch ta||s bo|ow, tho thoorot|ca| va|uo ot tho wavo torm |tso|t. 1hoso sma||or poaks and troughs w|th|n tho ovora|| pattorn thoy dos|gnato as tronds,'
as d|st|nct trom tho ovora|| por|od|c cyc|o |tso|t. lt ono oxam|nos tho chart carotu||y, |t |s ov|dont that tho psycho|og|ca| ottocts ot a trond' w||| vary
dopond|ng on whoro |n a cyc|o |t occurs. |or oxamp|o: |t a downward trond occurs on tho upward curvo ot a cyc|o, tho ottoct w||| not bo as sovoro. lt
|t occurs on a downward port|on ot a cyc|o, |t w||| bo to|t as corrospond|ng|y moro sovoro.
1b0
54-Yoor Porloolc Cyc|o o bo|oso|o Prlcos
1b1
As wo sha|| d|scovor, th|s d|st|nct|on botwoon a moro trond and an ovora|| cyc|o w||| havo protound |mp||cat|ons |n tho|r undorstand|ng ot how much,
or ||tt|o, human act|ons, |nc|ud|ng po||t|ca| act|on, can oxacorbato or a||ov|ato an ovora|| cyc|o.
1ho|r romarks |n th|s rospoct aro |||um|nat|ng:
Wo sha|| qu|ck|y d|scovor that tho so-ca||od bus|noss or oconom|c cyc|o |s |n roa||ty a compos|to ot many d|ttoront cyc|os. Wo sha|| bo part|cu|ar|y
|ntorostod |n study|ng thom tor ov|doncos ot rbytbm. |or |t and whon wo t|nd rhythm wo can, to tbo oxtoot jostllob|o, prod|ct rocurronco, and wo
sha|| havo prod|ctab|||ty on tho bas|s ot much moro than t|n|to |og|c and guoss.
lt has |ong boon assumod that |t wo cou|d on|y |so|ato tho coosos ot oconom|c cyc|os wo cou|d thon ottoctua||y provont thom, and so o||m|nato tho
downswoops that p|aguo h|gh|y organ|zod soc|ot|os.
Vany vo|umos havo boon wr|tton to d|scuss tho casos. Eoro wo ahaII bo tar Ioaa concornod with tho cauao than with tho timing.
1b2
loto that 0owoy and 0ak|n oxp||c|t|y stato that tho oconom|c cyc|o |s |n roa||ty a compos|to ot many d|ttoront cyc|os,' and thus oxposo tho cr|t|c|sm
ot Vurray lothbard prov|ous|y c|tod - that thoy do not tako |nto cons|dorat|on tho comp|ox|ty ot tho |ntorro|at|onsh|ps ot compononts ot an
oconomy - as uttor|y unro|atod to anyth|ng 0owoy or 0ak|n actua||y wroto! 1ho|r roa| horosy,' as wo sha|| soo, ||os not |n tho |ntorro|at|onsh|p ot
oconom|c cyc|os, but |n propos|ng that thoro may bo ovon doopor ro|at|onsh|ps botwoon oconom|c cyc|os and cyc|os ot puro|y pbyslco|
phonomona.
ln any caso, |t |s worth not|ng what thoy stato about rhythms or rhythm|c cyc|os and por|ods:
Rbytbm, or rbytbmlc cyc|o, w||| ord|nar||y bo usod to donoto a cyc|o wh|ch ropoats |tso|t at rathor un|torm t|mo |ntorva|s. lhythm |mp||os a k|nd ot
boat. 1hus tho boat|ng ot tho hoart |s rhythm|c, though |t may bo s||ght|y |rrogu|ar.
Poroloclty, porloolc cyc|o, or rogo|or cyc|o, w||| bo usod to donoto a cyc|o wh|ch ropoats |tso|t at mathomat|ca||y oxact |ntorva|s. 1ruo por|od|c|ty,
||ko a truo stra|ght ||no or a truo c|rc|o, doos not ox|st |n naturo, but wo havo c|oso approx|mat|ons.
1b8
|oro |s yot anothor ||nk, and a potont|a| c|uo, to tho doopor phys|cs that may bo |nvo|vod |n such |ntorro|at|onsh|ps, tor such cyc|os aro proc|so|y
quant|zab|o, and thoso quant|t|os, thoso moasurab|o cyc|os, may bo g|v|ng out protound c|uos about tho naturo and structuro ot spaco-t|mo |tso|t.
0owoy and 0ak|n woro not ob||v|ous to th|s phys|cs connoct|on and |mp||cat|on, but on tho contrary, carotu||y so|octod a spoc|t|c phys|cs ana|oguo
to oxp|a|n tho|r concopt|on ot doop|y |ntorro|atod oconom|c (and othor) cyc|os. 1o soo what th|s phys|cs ana|oguo |s, ono must oxam|no what thoy
moan by |ntorro|atod cyc|os.
2. "Overlays: CombIned Cycles as MultIwave ModulatIon, and PossIbly as lnter|erometry7
3r|ot|y put, |ntorro|atod cyc|os aro roa||y noth|ng but supor-pos|t|ons ot tho wavo torm ot ono cyc|o upon that ot ono or moro othors. |or oxamp|o,
among tho many quant|t|ab|o typos ot cyc|os oporat|vo |n var|ous roa|ms ot act|v|ty - whothor human or othorw|so - 0owoy and 0ak|n dovoto a
s|gn|t|cant port|on ot tho|r book to tho ovorv|ow ot a n|no-yoar cyc|o,
1b4
a n|no and two-th|rds yoar cyc|o,
1bb
a tour-yoar cyc|o,
1b0
a 41-month so|ar
cyc|o and othor typos ot so|ar cyc|os,
1b7
a 8b-yoar woathor cyc|o,
1b8
a 22-yoar woathor-so|ar cyc|o,
1b0
and ot courso tho b4-yoar cyc|o whoso
graph wo havo prov|ous|y c|tod.
100
As |nd|catod, 0owoy and 0ak|n, no |oss than tho|r moro convont|ona||y-m|ndod oconom|st cr|t|cs, v|ow oconom|c cyc|os as a comp|ox systom ot
|ntorro|at|onsh|ps, but un||ko tho|r cr|t|cs, do not dospa|r ot quant|ty|ng thoso ro|at|onsh|ps, not |n torms ot tho|r coosos ooo oocts but |n torms ot
tho|r bogloolog ooo porloolclty lo tlmo. 1hus, tho |ntorro|at|onsh|p ot a|| thoso cyc|os oxprossos |tso|t |n an oxact modo|: that ot tho suporpos|t|on ot
tho wavo torms ot tho cyc|os thomso|vos, or what thoy ca|| ovor|ays.'
Lowoy ooo Loklo`s Exomp|o o tbo Ovor|oy o tbo Nloo-Yoor ooo 54-Yoor Cyc|os
101
At tho top ot th|s graph |s a s|mp||t|od vors|on ot tho n|no-yoar cyc|o. ln tho m|dd|o |s tho b4-yoar cyc|o, and at tho bottom |s tho ovor|ay' or
compos|to ot both cyc|os. lt shou|d bo notod that tho |ongor and |owor-troquoncy b4-yoar cyc|o rota|ns a dom|nant charactor|st|c' |n tho compos|to
ovor |ts shortor and h|ghor-troquoncy n|no-yoar cyc|o. 1h|s too, as wo sha|| d|scovor, |s yot anothor |mportant c|uo to a poss|b|o doopor undor|y|ng
phys|cs.
Accord|ng to 0owoy and 0ak|n, ono ot tho t|rst to not|co tho poss|b|||ty ot a connoct|on botwoon oconom|c act|v|ty and phys|cs was 3|r W||||am |.
3ovor|dgo, who
|ound sovora| truo por|ods that gavo strong ov|donco ot corro|at|on w|th known woathor rhythms and sunspot phonomona. And a 1= b4.00 yoars
(wh|ch |s w|thout such a corro|at|on) ho a|so tound a ro|at|vo|y s|gn|t|cant concontrat|on ot onorgy.
102
Ot courso, th|s much was, |n a corta|n sonso, obv|ous, tor so|ar act|v|ty doos attoct torrostr|a| woathor, and torrostr|a| woathor can |n turn attoct
agr|cu|tura| product|on, wh|ch |n turn can attoct ovora|| oconom|c act|v|ty. 1horo doos not soom to bo much horo by way ot a doopor phys|cs.
3ut |t was whon corta|n cyc|os - part|cu|ar|y tho n|no-, n|no and two-th|rds, and b4-yoar cyc|os - woro ovor|a| d that ono bogan to not|co
somoth|ng vory s|gn|t|cant:
As 3chumpotor has sa|d:
lt |s c|oar that tho co|nc|donco at any t|mo ot corrospond|ng phrasos ot a|| throo cyc|os w||| a|ways produco phonomona ot unusua| |ntons|ty,
ospoc|a||y |t tho phasos that co|nc|do aro thoso ot prospor|ty or dopross|on. 1ho throo doopost and |ongost dopross|ons' w|th|n tho opoch covorod
by our mator|a| - 102b-1080, 1078-1878, and 1020-1084 - a|| d|sp|ay that charactor|st|c.
108
As w||| ovontua||y bo soon, tho ovor|ay ot thoso cyc|os and tho|r concurronco at por|ods ot var|ous groat dopross|ons' |n Amor|can oconom|c
h|story do |ndood po|nt to a doopor phys|cs, but ono |n wh|ch, howovor, tho astro|og|ca| connoct|on |s ovon moro |n ov|donco.
lood|oss to say, howovor, th|s approach ot ovor|ays' or suporpos|t|ons ot var|ous oconom|c and bus|noss cyc|os - not to mont|on tho|r
comb|nat|ons w|th othor cyc||c rhythms hav|ng at t|rst g|anco noth|ng to do w|th oconom|cs - throws tho norma| causo and ottoct' ana|ys|s ot
convont|ona| oconom|c th|nk|ng and thoory |nto a cockod hat.
Vost ot us, taught to th|nk |n convont|ona| torms ot causo and ottoct, and tra|nod |n a systom whoro tho oducat|ona| waros aro otton cut to tho
|owost common donom|nator ot mass |nto|||gonco, t|nd |t hard to romombor that tho human m|nd |s vory t|n|to. lt can novor hopo to grasp |n
any s|tuat|on a|| tho causos that may work togothor to produco any g|von rosu|t. 1hat |s why judgmonts aro so tau|ty whon wo roason so|o|y on
tho ord|nary causo-and-ottoct bas|s. 3omo |t not most ot tho actua| causos w||| oscapo our know|odgo, and thoso wo do tako |nto ca|cu|at|on
may bo puro assumpt|on. lt dosp|to th|s wo roach a corroct conc|us|on, |t |s a tr|umph ot acc|dont - or ot |ntu|t|on.
104
|or 0owoy and 0ak|n, tho ta||acy ot such causo-ottoct th|nk|ng |n oconom|c cyc|os |s apt|y |||ustratod by tho s|m||ar|ty ot cyc||c act|v|ty |n roa| ostato
cyc|os and marr|agos w|th|n tho Un|tod 3tatos. 1h|s s|m||ar|ty
Cou|d road||y |oad to somo ta|so assumpt|ons. lt wou|d bo s|mp|o onough to roason that poop|o who got marr|od start to th|nk about houso-hunt|ng
and homo-bu||d|ng, and that th|s rosu|ts |n bu||d|ng projocts. Or ono cou|d start h|s roason|ng |n rovorso, and ond |n tho samo p|aco, by say|ng that
bu||d|ng st|mu|atos prospor|ty, and whon poop|o too| prosporous thoy got marr|od, and whon marr|od thoy buy tho homos that contractors havo
prov|ous|y oroctod to attract customors who too| prosporous bocauso monoy |s bo|ng spont to oroct bu||d|ngs tor poop|o who w||| got marr|od.
3uch roason-why argumonts chaso tho|r ta||s. lor |s th|s statomont ot thom unusua|, oxcopt |n brov|ty. Who|o books havo boon wr|tton that
|ncorporato such roason|ng' |nto |oarnod sy||ab|os. Wo shou|d bo proparod to |gnoro roason|ng ot that k|nd, but wo aro just|t|od |n ask|ng wby our
bu||d|ng stat|st|cs shou|d tormu|ato thomso|vos |n such oxcood|ng|y rogu|ar rhythms. 3otoro rosoarch ot tho tuturo supp||od us w|th a dot|n|t|vo
answor to th|s part|cu|ar quory, wo may hazard a postu|ato that man's mat|ng |nst|nct and man's bu||d|ng |nst|nct may bo abor|g|na||y assoc|atod |n
h|s bo|ng, just as thoy oxtond down tho b|o|og|ca| sca|o to tho b|rds. lt both |nst|ncts provod to t|ow |n tho raco |n a common rhythm, |t shou|d not
soom too surpr|s|ng. lorhaps oconom|sts cou|d wo|| jo|n torcos w|th b|o|og|sts |n tho now k|nd ot rosoarch such a prob|om suggosts.
10b
loto thon, that tar trom v|ow|ng oach cyc|o |n tho|r ovor|ays' as |ndopondont roa||t|os as tho|r cr|t|cs such as lothbard wou|d suggost, not on|y do
0owoy and 0ak|n v|ow tho ont|roty ot oconom|c act|v|ty as a comp|ox ovor|ay ot such cyc|os, but thoy |ovo| a|most tho samo cr|t|c|sm at tho|r
dotractors, |n that by tocus|ng too narrow|y on puro|y oconom|c' act|v|ty and cyc|os, tho|r cr|t|cs may |n tact bo |gnor|ng cyc||c c|uos trom othor
d|sc|p||nos that may attord gonu|no |ns|ght as to tho roa| naturos ot tho|r causos.
1hus, thoy ca|| tor an |ntord|sc|p||nary approach. 1hoy a|so obsorvo that, as compar|son botwoon d|sparato and d|scroto d|sc|p||nos grows, so
too doos tho susp|c|on that tho d|scroto phonomona aro ro|atod |n somo doop tash|on, that thoy aro a|| c|uos to a doop connoct|on |n tho phys|cs ot
a|| obsorvod cyc|os, no mattor what tho|r subjoct mattor:
ln tho var|ous catogor|os ot rhythms wo know, somo aro as tam|||ar to tho man |n tho stroot as day and n|ght and tho t|dos, othors aro ro|at|vo|y
unknown to h|m. Ana|yt|ca| work on thoso rhythms has boon dovo|op|ng |n what m|ght bo ca||od tho |ntorst|cos ot tho sc|oncos. Wo havo as yot on|y
tho bog|nn|ngs ot a sc|onco ot rhythms por so. 3ut |n oach t|o|d ot sc|onco somo group ot workors bocomos ospoc|a||y concornod w|th tho subjoct
ot rhythms |n tho spoc|a| t|o|d ot phonomona ho |s obsorv|ng, such a group ovontua||y comparos notos w|th a corrospond|ng group ongagod |n
somo othor sc|ont|t|c t|o|d, and s|ow|y a|| concornod bog|n to suspoct that thoy aro doa||ng, howovor d|vorso tho t|o|ds, w|th phonomona somohow
ro|atod.
100
As |s by now apparont, 0owoy and h|s |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os had |ong s|nco suspoctod such doop connoct|ons botwoon d|sparato
and d|scroto cyc|os, tor |t was toundod proc|so|y as a moans ot coord|nat|ng data trom a|| t|o|ds ot |nqu|ry |n an |ntord|sc|p||nary tash|on.
3. lnevItabIlIty, PredIctabIlIty, and Human ActIons
1horo |s anothor |mp||cat|on to 0owoy's and 0ak|n's ana|ys|s, and |ndood, to tho work ot tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os as a who|o. lt |s
an |mp||cat|on a|roady oncountorod, but |t |s bost to rostato |t horo: |t cyc|os - part|cu|ar|y oconom|c cyc|os - aro ot rogu|ar and quant|t|ab|o
por|od|c|ty, thon th|s |mp||os that thoy aro loovltob|o, ooo bocooso loovltob|o, proolctob|o. 1h|s |n turn wou|d soom to ||m|t tho scopo ot human
act|on and |ts ab|||ty to |nt|uonco such cyc|os moro|y to attoct|ng trooos, rathor than tho cyc|os thomso|vos. lndood, c|t|ng 3chumpotor's Boslooss
Cyc|os onco aga|n, thoy noto that whon ono stud|os tho var|ous oconom|c po||c|os ot Eng|and, tho Un|tod 3tatos, and laz| Gormany |n rosponso to
tho Groat 0opross|on, thoy notod that ot a|| tho var|ous moasuros oach country took, |nc|ud|ng |ja|mar 3chacht's subs|d|zod oxports and var|ous
systoms ot marks |n Gormany,
107
to loosovo|t's low 0oa| programs |n tho U.3.A., tho r|sos |n prospor|ty |n oach country novortho|oss arr|vod
str|ct|y as m|ght havo boon ant|c|patod by anyono projoct|ng tho tam|||ar oconom|c wavos ot tho past.'
108
ln othor words, whatovor tho trooos tho
rospoct|vo govornmonta| po||c|os |n oach nat|on m|ght havo |nducod, tho ovora|| cyc|o |tso|t was dost|nod to turn proc|so|y whon |t d|d, rogard|oss ot
govornmonta| po||cy or po||t|ca| act|on. ||nanc|a| po||cy cou|d omp|ly or oomp tho ovora|| trond w|th|n a cyc|o, but cou|d novor arrost or rovorso tho
cyc|o |tso|t. And tho roason |s aga|n c|oar: tho cyc|o |tso|t was ov|donco ot a doop phys|cs bo|ng p|ayod out on tho stago ot aggrogato human
act|v|ty.
lndood, such po||c|os or act|ons ottont|mos tunct|on moro|y as dov|cos ot concoa|mont, c|oak|ng tho roa||ty ot tho |nov|tab|||ty ot such cyc|os by
appoar|ng to man|pu|ato tho cyc|o |tso|t by moasuros that, |n tact, man|pu|ato on|y tho trond:
0ov|cos ||ko tho 3rotton Woods Econom|c agroomont, or 1roasury grants mado as po||t|ca| |oans' to toro|gn nat|ons, may tond tor tomporary
por|ods to mask th|s tru|sm - much as tho work|ng ot tho |odora| losorvo Act tonds to concoa| trom tho gonora| pub||c tho tact that wo pr|nt
do||ars to moot govornmont dot|c|ts. 3ut our chart says torthr|ght|y, |n stat|st|ca| |anguago, that on tho bas|s ot tho |ong-ostab||shod trond, and |n
torms ot toro|gn trado hand|od at a roa| prot|t, wo shou|d not bo too opt|m|st|c |n |ook|ng tor such trado to bo |ncroasod ovor tho prowar vo|umo..
A|| our chart can to|| us |s that, ol|log o rovo|otloo o somo sort, tho pattorn as ostab||shod w||| prosumab|y prova||.
100
loto thon that, so |ong as prova|||ng cond|t|ons roma|n, tho cyc|o |tso|t |s bas|ca||y unattoctod. lt |s whon tho systom aga|n bocomos an opoo
systom, whon changos ot a rad|ca| naturo, such as a tochno|og|ca| rovo|ut|on, occur, that tho cyc|o |tso|t can bo d|roct|y attoctod.
4. Waves, Wars, and RevolutIons
3ut barr|ng th|s, humans |nhoront|y tond to ros|st tho not|on that oconom|c cyc|os and wavos may bo boyond tho ab|||ty ot man to contro|. 1hoy
accopt tho nood ot adjustmont to tho woathor, know|ng |t |s out ot man's contro|. 3ut thoy ros|st pass|onato|y any suggost|on that changos |n tho
soc|a| and oconom|c c||mato may bo boyond tho tota| ru|o ot man's consc|ous w|||.'
170
1ho on|y way that mank|nd cou|d |n ottoct chango tho
|nov|tab|||ty ot a g|von cyc|o ot oconom|c act|v|ty |s proc|so|y to |ntroduco rovo|ut|onary chango:
Wo now know onough about trond ||nos to roa||zo that o|d onos morgo |nto tho tako-ott ot now onos oo|y whon tundamonta|, ovon rovo|ut|onary,
changos havo occurrod |n tho onv|ronmont and |ts organ|zat|on, and porpotuato thomso|vos..
lomombor loar|'s (tru|t t|y) bott|o. lmag|no tor a momont that wo Amor|cans aro tho (tru|t t||os). Wo aro roach|ng tho uppor asymptoto ot our
(popu|at|on growth) curvo. 1ho |nvont|on ot a tow now gadgots by |ndustry - |ndood, tho |nvont|on ot a who|o now |ndustry |tso|t - |s a torco |n no
way adoquato to chango tho ro|at|onsh|ps |n our bott|o. o most bovo o wbo|o oowbott|o.
171
ln othor words, wo now t|nd tho oconom|c |nov|tab|||ty boh|nd tho stratogy out||nod |n chaptor ono, tho g|oba| o||to, |n ordor to ma|nta|n any sort ot
susta|nab|o growth' - to uso ono ot tho|r tavor|to catch phrasos - must o|thor oxpand human|ty's bott|o' |nto outor spaco |n a s|gn|t|cant way, or
porpotuato rog|ona| |mba|ancos and cont||cts and wars and tho oconom|c growth tor somo that th|s |nov| tab|y br|ngs, or thoy must adm|t tho growth
ot a rovo|ut|onary tochno|ogy wh|ch comp|oto|y changos tho naturo ot tho ro|at|onsh|ps |ns|do tho bott|o |tso|t. |a|||ng th|s, thoy must oxport and thon
ro-|mport manutactur|ng and tochno|ogy trom ono rog|on to anothor, and |owor popu|at|on, |n a novor-ond|ng sho|| gamo, |t tho bott|o-oxpandors ot
outor spaco and rad|ca||y now tochno|og|os aro not pursuod. ln short, tho on|y roa| way to a|tor tho |nov|tab|||ty ot a cyc|o |s to mako tho bott|o an
opon systom, and any opon systom |nvar|ab|y cha||ongos tho vory bas|s ot tho|r powor, un|oss, ot courso, tho pursu|t ot rovo|ut|onary tochno|ogy |s
ono thoy can monopo||zo and omp|oy to socuro tho|r hogomony.
5. Waves, Overlays, and ModulatIon: 1he PhysIcs Analogues Employed by ewey and akIn, and 1heIr lmplIcatIons
0owoy and 0ak|n do much moro than just lmp|y a phys|cs connoct|on w|th a|| tho|r a||us|ons to c|osod and opon systoms, and to doop
connoct|ons botwoon oconom|c act|v|ty and so|ar cyc|os and ovor|ays ot cyc|os. 1hoy a|so draw vory oxp||c|t ana|og|os to phys|cs. Wo havo notod
that thoy draw upon cyc|os ot var|ous |ongth - n|no, tour, 8b, and b4 yoars to namo but a tow - but thoy aro opon to ovon moro poss|b|||t|os:
low, |ot us supposo that thoro aro st||| |ongor wavos |n tho un|vorso - Y' wavos wo may ca|| thom. lmag|no somo ot tho wavos w|th poaks wh|ch
como 8 / yoars apart, othors w|th poaks 0 yoars apart, 18 / yoars apart, b4 yoars apart, and porhaps much tarthor spacod. lt |s not |nconco|vab|o
that thoso |ongor wavos cou|d d|roct|y or |nd|roct|y attoct tho sun, woathor, an|ma|s, and human bo|ngs, and that just as a rod ponc|| may rospond to
||ght wavos ot on|y ono |ongth, so a part|cu|ar organ|sm m|ght rospond on|y to Y wavos ot ono part|cu|ar |ongth.
172
1hoy aro, |n othor words, propos|ng a k|nd ot ocono-b|o-phys|cs,' whoro part|cu|ar k|nds ot organ|sms aro transducors, aro coup|od harmon|c
osc|||ators, ot wavos ot cyc|os ot part|cu|ar wavo|ongths, much ||ko p|pos |n a p|po organ rospond to d|ttoront wavo|ongths and harmon|cs.
lnvok|ng tho ana|ogy ot sound, |n tact, |s not road|ng too much |nto tho|r romarks, tor thoy |n tact do so by po|nt|ng out that tho oxact phys|ca|
ana|oguo ot tho|r ovor|ays' ot cyc|os |s that ot sound wavos bo|ng modu|atod togothor.
Ovor|oy o 7wo 5oooo ovos
178
Aga|n, as w|th tho|r ovor|ay ot tho b4- and n|no-yoar cyc|os, noto that tho ovora|| charactor|st|c ot tho |owor-troquoncy, |ongor-wavo|ongth wavo |s
prosorvod ovon w|th tho gratt|ng ot tho shortor h|ghor troquoncy sound wavo on to |t. 1h|s procoss |s ca||od modu|at|on, and |n th|s |nstanco, tho
|ongor |owor troquoncy wavo has bocomo a carr|or wavo. 1hoy oxtond tho wavo modu|at|on ana|ogy ovon turthor, by po|nt|ng our that any wavo ot a
part|cu|ar wavo|ongth and shapo w||| havo an ovortono, or harmon|c sor|os,
174
wh|ch aro composod ot roctloos ot that wavo|ongth: ono-ha|t, ono-
th|rd, ono-tourth, ono-t|tth, and so on. 1hoy g|vo tho to||ow|ng chart ot tho graph ot a sound wavo trom an organ p|po, and |ts t|rst 12 ovortonos, or
harmon|cs:
lormoolc 5orlos o oo Orgoo Plpo
17b
0owoy and 0ak|n aro strong|y suggost|ng, thon, that thoro may bo a doopor phys|cs ot a wovo mocboolcs |nvo|vod |n tho ovor|ay ot ocooomlc
cyc|os, and that corro|at|ons ot sunspot act|v|ty w|th, tor oxamp|o, oconom|c cyc|os ot who|osa|o pr|cos, may havo a much doopor bas|s than moro|y
tho |nt|uonco ot tho sun upon tho woathor, and ot tho woathor on agr|cu|tura| product|on and pr|cos. ln othor words, thoy may botb bo |mmod|ato and
man|tost rosu|ts ot an undor|y|ng and moro un|t|od phonomonon.
3ut thoy go mocb turthor than ovon th|s, and |n do|ng so, not on|y domonstrato that thoy aro th|nk|ng |n torms ot a vory doop, and |ndood hypor-
d|mons|ona|, phys|cs, but a|so rovoa| somo protound |mp||cat|ons and quost|ons that w||| prooccupy us throughout tho roma|ndor ot th|s book. lt |s
bost to c|to thom at |ongth |n ordor to undorstand tho tu|| |mp||cat|ons and s|gn|t|canco ot tho doop phys|cs connoct|on that thoy aro suggost|ng, and
ot |ts protound |mp||cat|ons:
1o that ond |ot us cons|dor |n torms ot modorn psycho|ogy and phys|cs a tow tacts |mportant tor our approach to oconom|c sc|onco.
l.0. Ousponsky onco askod h|s roadors to mako an oxpor|mont. lmag|no, ho sa|d, that you ||vo |n two d|mons|ons, |nstoad ot throo. An oasy way
to do th|s |s to |mag|no you aro a bo|ng ||ko a p|oco ot papor, |nt|n|to|y th|n, ||v|ng upon a tab|o. You can |ook no|thor up nor down, tor up and down
aro |n a th|rd d|mons|on. You cannot ovon tblok up and down, or conco|vo |t. |or you havo no th|cknoss, and honco cannot ovon lmogloo th|cknoss.
low |n tho contor ot th|s tab|otop whoro you ||vo, thoro |s cut a s|ot. ln th|s s|ot thoro rovo|vos a whoo|, so hung that ha|t tho whoo| |s a|ways bo|ow
tho tab|o, and ha|t ot |t abovo. 1h|s whoo| |s so||d and you can soo on|y tho odgo ot |t. lot us |mag|no |ts odgo |s pa|ntod |n tour co|orod sogmonts
- b|ack, wh|to, b|uo, and rod. As tho whoo| rovo|vos, you obsorvo |t ond-on, you ot courso do not know that |t |s a whoo| you soo. |or you aro a two-
d|mons|ona| bo|ng, and thorotoro soo on|y a slog|o |loo o co|or a|ong tho tab|otop. Occas|ona||y, as tho whoo| s|ow|y rovo|vos, you do soo that ||no
chango suddon|y |n co|or. lod w||| suddon|y chango to b|ack, and b|ack to wh|to, wh|to to b|uo, and b|uo to rod aga|n.
low, |t you obsorvo th|s phonomonon |ong onough, you w||| t|na||y doc|do that whon tho rod comos up, |t w||| ovontua||y causo b|ack, and whon tho
b|ack appoars, |t w||| ovontua||y causo b|uo. You w||| th|nk you know tho causos ot tho phonomona you obsorvo.
lt a two-d|mons|ona| sc|ont|st |s obsorv|ng tho phonomona, ho w||| ovontua||y d|scovor a |aw' |n th|s cont|nu|ty ot ovont. Us|ng th|s |aw, ho w||| bo
ab|o to prod|ct changos ot co|or accurato|y. 1ho sc|ont|st, by tho uso ot mathomat|cs, m|ght a|so d|scovor that a th|rd d|mons|on was nocossary to
account tor tho roa| phonomonon ho saw |n two d|mons|ons on|y. 3ut no|thor ot you cou|d lmogloo th|s th|rd d|mons|on as a sonsory roa||ty. lor
cou|d you know tho roa| naturo ot tho causos oporat|ng thoro. 1ho sc|ont|st wou|d adm|t th|s trank|y, say|ng h|s |aw moro|y doscr|bod what
happonod, w|thout oxp|a|n|ng |t. 3ut you, untra|nod |n such t|no d|st|nct|ons, wou|d spoak bo|d|y ot a causo' bo|ng to||owod by an ottoct.' And oach
ottoct' wou|d |n turn bocomo a now causo (|n your way ot th|nk|ng) rosu|t|ng |n a turthor ottoct wh|ch to||owod. lt you pors|stod |n th|s bo||ot, you
m|ght ovontua||y rosont bo|ng to|d that you know noth|ng about tho roa| causa||ty.
170
C|oar|y, 0owoy and 0ak|n aro suggost|ng that what wo ca|| causo and ottoct aro roa||y but art|tacts ot our throo-d|mons|ona||y-cond|t|onod
consc|ousnoss' grapp||ng w|th phonomona that havo tho|r or|g|ns |n a hypor-d|mons|ona| wor|d ot moro than throo d|mons|ons.
Ono m|ght thorotoro add to tho|r ana|ogy ot a hypor-d|mons|ona|' wor|d ovloooclog ltso| lo cyc|os that our sc|ont|st m|ght, by d|nt ot tho samo
sort ot mathomat|ca| tochn|quos, doduco a vory oloroot objoct - tho whoo|' - as tho roa| causo and ottoct ot that wh|ch wo porco|vo as a cyc|o.
And th|s br|ngs thom to a v|ta| tact:
What wo ca|| our rocogn|t|on ot cooso' and ooct' |s somobow ossoclotoo wltb tlmo, and w|th our porcopt|on |n t|mo. 1h|s |s |mportant to
undorstand, tor what wo ca|| t|mo |s apparont|y on|y a modo ot porcopt|on.. Ousponsky, approach|ng tho prob|om trom a psycho|og|ca|
background, goos so tar as to suggost that timo ia tho way wo oxorionco aaco in ita highor dimonaiona. 1hat ia, tho unknown
dimonaiona ot aaco aro rovoaIod to ua in timo.
177
ln othor words, not on|y aro 0owoy and 0ak|n suggost|ng that tho sought-attor doopor phys|cs undor|y|ng tho|r harmon|c ovor|ays' and modu|at|ons
ot cyc|os m|ght ||o |n a hypor-d|mons|ona| phys|cs, but thoy aro a|so suggost|ng that causo/ottoct th|nk|ng such as |n tho caso ot tho sunspot-
who|osa|o pr|cos ovor|ay cyc|o |s |n tact orronoous. lt |s not so|ar act|v|ty as tho u|t|mato caso, w|th woathor mod|t|cat|on as tho mod|ato causo, and
who|osa|o agr|cu|tura| pr|co changos as tho t|na| ottoct, but rathor, tho so|ar cyc|o, tho t|uctuat|on ot woathor, tho t|uctuat|on ot pr|cos m|ght a|| bo tho
|mmod|ato, though adm|ttod|y |ntorro|atod, tbroo-olmooslooo| oocts o o bypor-olmooslooo| cooso.
ln such a modo|, our porcopt|ons ot thom as woathor' and so|ar act|v|ty' and ovon pr|co t|uctuat|ons' and so on, aro s|m||ar to our porcopt|ons
ot a boam ot ||ght that |s sp||t by a pr|sm |nto |ts spoctra| compononts. ln such a modo|, our throo-d|mons|ona| roa||ty |s tho pr|sm rotract|ng tho
sovora| wavo torms |nto |ts var|ous const|tuonts that wo porco|vo as soparato cyc|os. Voroovor, Ousponsky, whom thoy c|to, |s qu|to c|oar|y
suggost|ng that t|mo |tso|t |s not a d|mons|on|oss sca|ar' ont|ty, but rathor an ont|ty ot mu|t|-d|mons|ona| spacos wh|ch throo-d|mons|ona| roa||ty
oxpor|oncos os o tomporo| |ow. 1hus, tho|r ana|ogy ot tho modu|at|on ot wavos upon a carr|or wavo, and ot mu|t|p|o harmon|cs ot that wavo, as |n
tho p|po organ oxamp|o, |s moant to coup|o tho not|on ot hypor-d|mons|ona||ty to thoso harmon|cs ot wavos. 1h|s, as wo sha|| soo |n tho noxt
chaptor, |s a protound c|uo.
D. CONCLu5|ON5, |NPL|CA1|ON5, AND A 5ECuE |N 1EE FORN OF 5|CN|F|CAN1
OuE51|ON5
3o what may bo roasonab|y conc|udod about th|s cursory ovorv|ow ot tho cyc|os rosoarch ot Edward 0owoy and h|s |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot
Cyc|os? Wo sha|| |tom|zo tho po|nts covorod |n th|s chaptor |n ordor to mako oxp||c|t tho tu|| ram|t|cat|ons ot tho|r rosoarch:
1. 1ho d|scovory ot cyc|os ot tho samo por|od|c|ty (or, to omp|oy tho|r own phys|cs ana|ogy, wavo|ongth) |n so many aroas ot cyc||c act|v|ty w|th no
apparont connoct|on to oach othor, such as who|osa|o pr|cos and sunspot act|v|ty, |mp||os a doop connoct|on botwoon phys|cs and oconom|cs, |t
|mp||os a k|nd ot oconophys|cs',
2. 1ho rogu|ar|ty ot such cyc|os |mp||od not on|y tho|r |nov|tab|||ty but a|so tho|r quant|t|ab|||ty and prod|ctab|||ty,
8. 1h|s |n turn |mp||od that govornmonta| po||c|os cou|d on|y oxacorbato or a||ov|ato tho ovora|| trond ot a cyc|o, but novor rovorso or arrost |t, so |oog
os tbo cyc|o romolooo o c|osoo systom wltboot rovo|otlooory oxpoosloo o tbo systom ltso|, or lotroooctloo o roolco| oowBott|o-oxpooolog'
tocboo|oglos. |or th|s roason, tho undor|y|ng |mp||od oconophys|cs' nocoss|tatos that tho g|oba| o||to has on|y throo stratog|os opon to |t |n tho
ovontua||ty ot ach|ov|ng tho|r goa| ot a g|oba| corporato stato:
a. log|ona||zod |mba|ancos and contro||od wars and cont||ct |n porpotu|ty, and var|ous torms and dogroos ot popu|at|on roduct|on, so |ong
as tho systom roma|ns c|osod |n |ts bott|o',
b. an opon|ng ot tho systom by oxpans|on ot |ts onv|ronmont, wh|ch pract|ca||y can on|y moan a |argo human prosonco |n outor spaco,
c. an opon|ng ot tho systom by a rad|ca| chango |n tochno|ogy, a nocoss|ty |t thoro |s to bo a |argo human prosonco |n doop spaco.
178
1ho |ast two a|tornat|vos poso somo r|sk shou|d tho o||to chooso to to||ow thom, tor thoy |nov|tab|y carry w|th thom tho r|sk that tho|r own powor baso
can bo |nov|tab|y cha||ongod trom a supor|or pos|t|on, or supor|or tochno|ogy, or both. 3|m||ar|y, tho t|rst stratogy carr|os tho r|sk that tho|r ab|||ty to
contro| and manago such cont||ct wou|d sp|ra| out ot tho|r contro|.
4. 1ho typo ot hypor-d|mons|ona| phys|cs that tho|r own words |mp|y |nd|catos a doop connoct|on botwoon
a. tho harmon|cs ot mu|t|p|o-wavo modu|at|on or comb|nat|on,
b. t|mo,
c. causo, and
d. ottoct.
170
b. 1h|s |mp||os tho most protound |mp||cat|on ot thom a||: l tbot pbyslcs woro solcloot|y koowo ooo o tocboo|ogy coo|o bo oovlsoo to top loto lt, tbot
so|somo pbyslcs woo|o lmp|y o tocboo|ogy to top loto, mooly, ooo cootro| bomoo bobovlor ltso|, loc|oslvo|y o tbo obl|lty to moolpo|oto
oggrogoto ocooomlc bobovlor.
180
Ono cou|d, w|th a sutt|c|ont bas|s |n th|s phys|cs, d|roct|y man|pu|ato who|o oconom|os and popu|at|ons.
0. lot surpr|s|ng|y, thon, |t was d|scovorod that a |argo corporat|on and bank was roprosontod |n tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os'
momborsh|p,
181
and |nd|v|dua| bankors appoar to havo ut|||zod somo sort ot know|odgo ot such cyc|os to t|mo tho|r ontranco |nto var|ous markots,
or tho oxpans|on ot tho|r t|nanc|a| omp|ros.
182
W|th a|| thoso conc|us|ons and |mp||cat|ons |n m|nd, |nc|ud|ng ospoc|a||y tho|r own suggost|vo ana|ogy to tho comb|nat|on ot sovora| wavos |nto ono,
thon a protound quost|on occurs: g|von tho truthtu|noss ot tho ana|ogy tor tho sako ot argumont, thon wbot ls tbo corrlor wovo tor a|| thoso comb|nod
wavos ot cyc|os? What ls tho undor|y|ng roa||ty, or tho doopor phys|cs, that thoy aro suggost|ng? And tor that mattor, why doos a corta|n c|ass ot tho
supor-woa|thy soom to koowsomoth|ng about th|s oconophys|cs' that tho rost ot tho bus|noss and oconom|c wor|d do not? And boyond tho tact
that somo ot that c|ass m|ght not know a|| ot |t, thon why aro so many ot thom apparont|y |nvo|vod |n tho study ot |t?
1ho answors to thoso quost|ons, surpr|s|ng|y, ||o |n tho m|sts, sands, toxts, pav|||ons and co|umns ot anc|ont h|story and tomp|os, and a wo||-
known and vory anc|ont psoudo-sc|onco': astro|ogy.
1hroo
CERNANY, RCA, AND J.P. NORCAN
CA5E5 OF |N1ERE51 AND 5uPPRE55|ON
7bo socrot ot tbo coro o o|cbomy ls oo looob|o oxporlooco o tbo roo| worklogs o oor |oco| cosmo|oglco|
oolgbborbooo.'
- 1oy olooor ooo Vlocoot Brlogos
188

0owoy's and 0ak|n's sound wavo ana|ogy tor tho|r cyc||c wavos ot oconom|c act|v|ty ra|sos tho protound quost|on: |s thoro a pbyslcs bas|s to
oconom|c cyc|os? And |t so, what |s |t? Voroovor, |t tho|r own sound wavo ana|ogy |s |tso|t moro apt than 0owoy and 0ak|n thomso|vos suspoctod,
thon what corrlor wavo modu|atos a|| thoso cyc|os ot wavos? As was soon |n tho prov|ous chaptor, tho ana|ogy ot sound wavos and carr|or wavos
was no doubt suggostod to 0owoy and 0ak|n by tho tact that such wavos cou|d bo p|ottod togothor, or avoragod.'
A. DR. EAR1Nu1 N0LLER AND CLOBAL 5CAL|NC 1EEORY
3ut thoy woro not tho on|y onos to not|co that wavos ot cyc|os ot act|v|ty m|ght po|nt to a doopor phys|cs connoct|on. Gorman phys|c|st 0r.
|artmut V||or had cons|dorod a s|m||ar phonomonon trom yot a d|ttoront po|nt ot v|ow, and proposod a thoory to account tor |t: G|oba| 3ca||ng
1hoory.
V||or bog|ns by not|ng that tho thoory |s basod upon what, tor phys|cs, |s |ts pr|mary sacramont': moasuromont. 3ut tho contra||ty ot
moasuromont |n tho mothodo|ogy ot phys|cs soon roducod tho phys|c|st to p|ay|ng tho ro|o ot a k|nd ot court ot arb|trat|on' bocauso h|s ro|o |s now
that ot doc|d|ng wh|ch ot tho modo|s' adoptod by phys|c|sts to oxp|a|n roa||ty matchos tho moasuromonts and gots app||od.'
184
1h|s assossmont
h|gh||ghts tho cu|-do-sac |n wh|ch phys|cs doad|ockod |n tho twont|oth contury, tor thoro |s no s|ng|o tostab|o thoory va||d ovor tho sco|os or slzos o
objocts w|th wh|ch phys|cs must doa|, tor tho |aws ot standard phys|cs oporab|o at tho sca|o ot tho vory |argo, |aws dom|natod by E|nsto|n's ro|at|v|ty
thoor|os s|nco tho oar|y twont|oth contury, aro not app||cab|o to tho sca|o ot tho vory sma|| at tho |ovo| ot atoms and subatom|c part|c|os, whoro tho
|aws ot quantum mochan|cs prova||.
ln th|s s|tuat|on, phys|cs and phys|c|sts aro roducod, accord|ng to 0r. V||or, to bo|ng moro |ntorprotor(s) ot modo|s and |doas that got
comp|oto|y out ot touch w|th roa||ty - and th|s to an ovor groator oxtont.'
18b
ln short, ||ko many othor phys|c|sts, 0r. V||or |s |ncroas|ng|y
d|ssat|st|od w|th tho countor|ntu|t|vo naturo ot contomporary phys|ca| mochan|cs, whothor |t bo tho ro|at|v|ty-dom|natod thoor|os ot tho phys|cs ot
|argo-sca|o systoms or tho quantum mochan|ca| thoor|os ot tho vory sma||, w|th tho|r omphas|s on stat|st|ca| probab|||st|c approachos.
180
3ut thoro was ono aroa |n wh|ch tho concontrat|on on tho sacramont ot moasuromont' d|d |oad to somoth|ng ot major - |t unapproc|atod -
s|gn|t|canco, and |n th|s ono d|scorns a d|roct concoptua| connoct|on to tho work ot 0owoy and 0ak|n:
1ho nood tor moasuromonts ot tho h|ghost proc|s|on promotod tho dovo|opmont ot mathomat|ca| stat|st|cs wh|ch, |n turn, mado |t poss|b|o to
|nc|udo proc|so morpho|og| ca| and soc|o|og|ca| data as wo|| as data trom ovo|ut|onary b|o|ogy. lang|ng trom o|omontary part|c|os to ga|act|c
c|ustors, th|s sc|ont|t|c databaso oxtonds at |oast bb ordors ot magn|tudo.
187
ln othor words, a vast databaso ot moasuromonts ot a|| typos and k|nds ot objocts now ox|stod, oxtond|ng ovor tho ont|ro rango ot objocts w|th
wh|ch phys|cs had to doa|, trom subatom|c part|c|os to p|anots, stars, and t|na||y to who|o ga|ax|os and c|ustors ot ga|ax|os. W|th such a vast
databaso ot moasuromonts at tho|r d|sposa|, ono wou|d th|nk that sc|ont|sts wou|d havo bogun to contomp|ato |ts s|gn|t|canco a|most as soon as |t
had boon ava||ab|o, namo|y |n tho oar|y docados ot tho twont|oth contury.
Yot, notos V||or, th|s oxtons|vo databaso d|d not bocomo tho objoct ot an |ntogratod (ho||st|c) sc|ont|t|c |nvost|gat|on unt|| 1082. 1ho troasuro
|y|ng at tho|r toot was not soon by mombors ot tho |abour-d|v|dod, moga-|ndustr|a| sc|ont|t|c commun|ty.'
188
G|von tho d|sonchantmont ot wo||-known
and tamous luss|an phys|c|sts ||ko 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov w|th tho standard modo|s ot ro|at|v|st|c and quantum mochan|ca| thoor|os, |t |s not surpr|s|ng
that luss|an sc|ont|sts woro tho t|rst to mako a s|gn|t|cant broakthrough and contr|but|on toward tho r|so ot G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory, tor tho t|rst to
draw attont|on to th|s databaso and |ts potont|a| s|gn|t|canco was a luss|an b|o|og|st namod C|s|onko.
lub||sh|ng a sc|ont|t|c papor |n Voscow |n 1080 ont|t|od 3tructuro ot ||ora and |auna w|th logard to 3ody 3|zo ot Organ|sms,' C|s|onko provod
that sogmonts ot |ncroasod spoc|os roprosontat|on oro ropootoo oo tbo |ogorltbmlc |loo o booy slzos lo oqoo| lotorvo|s (approx|mato|y 0.b un|ts
ot tho docad|c |ogar|thm).'
180
ln othor words, C|s|onko had d|scovorod somoth|ng vory s|m||ar to 0owoy's and 0ak|n's cyc|os ot oconom|c act|v|ty:
rogo|or, porloolc wovo|lko' orms lo tbo ro|otlvo grooplog o orgoolc |lo`s booy slzos oroooo cortolo vo|oos or moosoros o slzo. 1horo was just
ono prob|om: th|s group|ng or c|ump|ng' around corta|n sca|os ot s|zo was not oxp||cab|o trom a b|o|og|ca| po|nt ot v|ow.' |or oxamp|o, what
mochan|sm cou|d account tor organ|sms protorr|ng body s|zos ot 8-12 cont|motros, 88-bb cont|motros or 1.b-2.4 motors' and so on?
100
|or |artmut V||or, howovor, tho b|o|og|ca| c|ump|ng around corta|n va|uos |n a por|od|c |ogar|thm|c sca|o po|ntod c|oar|y to a doopor undor|y|ng
phys|cs bas|s tor tho phonomonon, tor thoro woro s|m||ar sca|o-|nvar|ant (|.o., app||cab|o across a|| sca|os or moasuros ot s|zo) |ogar|thm|c
d|str|but|ons ov|dont |n tho databaso ot phys|cs. 1hus, by 1082, V||or was ab|o to provo
1hat thoro ox|st stat|st|ca||y loootlco| roqooocy olstrlbotloos w|th |ogar|thm|c, porloolco||y rocorroot moxlmoms tor tho massos ot atoms and
atom|c rad|| as wo|| as tho rost massos and ||to-spans ot tho o|omontary part|c|os.'
101
3hados ot 0owoy and 0ak|n! 3ut that was not a||, tor vory s|m||ar pattorns woro subsoquont|y tound tor tho |ogar|thm|c ||no ot tho s|zos, orb|ts,
massos and rovo|ut|on por|ods ot p|anots, moons, and astoro|ds.'
102
1ho phonomonon was sca|o-|nvar|ant, and, whon graphod, rovoa|od c|oar
por|od|c cyc||c' typos ot wavos.'
ln othor words, 0r. V||or was ch|n to ch|n w|th tho samo typo ot phonomona as thoso wh|ch controntod 0owoy and 0ak|n, on|y |n th|s |nstanco
tho phonomona woro puro|y basod on moosoromoot o pbyslco| objocts - portlc|os ooo p|ooots - ooo oot ocooomlc cyc|os. Yot tho wavo torms
rosu|t|ng trom thom woro a|most tho samo. ln tact, |n a corta|n sonso, thoy woro |dont|ca| s|mp|y bocauso thoy woro wavos!
1h|s now puts 0owoy's and 0ak|n's sound wavo ana|ogy' and tho quost|on |t posos |n a who|o now ||ght, tor |t wou|d now appoar that wo aro no
|ongor doa||ng w|th moro|y a concoptua| ana|ogy, but an ana|ogy w|th actua| corrospondonco |n tho roa| phys|ca| wor|d. 3o tho attondant quost|on ot
that ana|ogy - |.o., what |s tho corrlor wovo tor a|| thoso d|vorso cyc|os? - a|so omorgos |nto a who|o now and v|ta||y |mportant contoxt, and |t |s
ono 0r. V||or answors vory d|roct|y, a|though ho was probab|y unawaro that ho was a|so rospond|ng to a quost|on posod by two Amor|can
oconom|sts as a rosu|t ot tho|r own accumu|at|on ot a vast databaso ot moasuromonts.
1. LongItudInal Waves In the PhysIcal MedIum
0r. V||or |s a mathomat|ca| phys|c|st, and as such was qu|ck to porco|vo tho ro|at|onsh|p, s|nco a|| tho d|scroto moasuromonts had a s|ng|o
un|ty|ng and undor|y|ng structuro. 1hat structuro was s|mp|y that ot a rocurront |ogar|thm|c por|od, |.o., a wavo, or bottor, a harmon|c sor|os. lt |s whon
ono cons|dors tho cooso ot th|s structuro that tho quost|ons and |mp||cat|ons bog|n to bocomo ov|dont and to mu|t|p|y. As 0r. V||or statos tho caso,
tho causo ot th|s structuro appoarod to bo tbo oxlstooco o o stooolog prossoro wovo lo tbo |ogorltbmlc spoco o tbo sco|os/moosoros' usod to
moasuro tho phonomona thomso|vos.
108
1o put th|s po|nt d|ttoront|y, l c|to d|roct|y my commonts about th|s obsorvat|on trom my 7bo Olzo Lootb
5tor Lostroyoo.
.(1)ho phonomonon ot moasuromont |tso|t, both as a phonomonon ot |nto|||gont obsorvat|on and as a phys|ca| tunct|on, |s sca|o-|nvar|ant, bocauso
rogard|oss ot tho so|octod un|t ot moasuromont, tho rosu|t st||| and a|ways possossos a |ogar|thm, a |ong|tud|na| stand|ng wavo structuro.
104
loto carotu||y, howovor, what 0r. V||or has actua||y sa|d, and what ho has oot sa|d. |o has sa|d that tho phonomonon ox|sts |n a k|nd ot
concoptua| spaco.' |o has not sa|d that tho phonomonon ox|sts os o stroctoro lo tbo pbyslco| moolom ltso|, a|though |t |s c|oar that ho |s on|y a
sma|| stop away trom actua||y stat|ng that. 3ut as wo sha|| now d|scovor, ho h|mso|t |s |nc||nod to tho v|ow that tho phonomonon |s phys|ca| |n naturo,
and dor|vos trom a quant|zod v|ow ot tho mod|um |tso|t as a structurod sot ot |ong|tud|na| prossuro' wavos |n that mod|um.
10b
As l havo statod o|sowhoro,
1ho rosu|ts ot th|s suppos|t|on woro astound|ng, tor rogard|oss ot tho natura| systom stud|od, thoro woro aroas ot attract|on,' whoro any numbor ot
vory d|scroto natura| phonomona c|ustorod, and ropu|s|on,' aroas avo|dod by natura| systoms. 5o porvoslvo wos tbls pbooomoooo tbot tbo
Oormoo lnstItute |r Raum-EnergIe-Foeschung (lostltoto or 5poco Eoorgy Rosoorcb) wos o|so ob|o to provo tbo somo pbooomoooo lo
oomogropblcs,' l.o., lo oroos ovoroo or sbooooo by orboo popo|otloos, ooo lo tbo ocooomlcs botb o ootloos ooo prlvoto bosloossos.
100
loto what |s roa||y go|ng on horo:
1. V||or's stand|ng |ong|tud|na| wavos |n |ogar|thm|c spaco aro app||cab|o not on|y to phys|ca| phonomona, but to tho samo aroas ot act|v|ty as
stud|od by 0owoy and 0ak|n, thus,
2. V0||or`s O|obo| 5co|log 7boory cooc|oslvo|y loolcotos tbot tboro ls looooo o ooopor pbyslcs to ocooomlc octlvlty, to tbo vory cyc|os o boom
ooo bost os coto|ogooo by Lowoy`s ooo Loklo`s loooootloo or tbo 5tooy o Cyc|os, and t|na||y,
8. loto that tho Gorman lnst|tuto tor 3paco Enorgy losoarch |s sponsor|ng rosoarch oot oo|y loto tbls ooopor pbyslcs, bot oolog so proclso|y lo
ro|otloo to o stooy o tbo pbyslcs o ocooomlc ooo bomoo octlvlty ooo soclo| orgoolzotloo. lt |s |mportant tor tho roador to undorstand at th|s
juncturo that tho torm 3paco Enorgy' |n tho Gorman has tho samo sort ot tochn|ca| moan|ng or |mp||cat|on as tho torms vacuum' or zoro-po|nt'
onorgy has |n Eng||sh. ln short, a Gorman |nst|tut|on rocogn|zos, tunds, and rosoarchos not on|y Zoro-lo|nt onorgy, but rosoarchos |t |n tho tu|| rango
ot |ts |mp||cat|ons, |nc|ud|ng soc|a| and domograph|c, prosumab|y tor tho purposo ot ong|noor|ng a|| ot thom to tho oxtont poss|b|o.
3ut |ot us roturn tor a tow moro |ns|ghts trom V||or's thoory, tor thoro |s yot anothor s|gn|t|cant |mp||cat|on that h|s thoory ho|ds.
1hat |mp||cat|on |s grovlty, tor V||or's stand|ng prossuro wavo |n tho mod|um may |ndood bo an oxp|anat|on tor tho phonomonon ot grav|ty.
3|mp|y put, tho tact that natura| systoms c|ustor' around tho noda| po|nts ot thoso stand|ng wavos wou|d |ndood bo a componont or mochan|sm tor
tho oxp|anat|on ot grav|ty |n V||or's op|n|on.
107
lt |s |mportant to undorstand tho bas|c d|ttoronco ot th|s oxp|anat|on trom that ot E|nsto|n's Gonora|
lo|at|v|ty |n torms ot tho ordor ot concopts. |or tho |attor, grav|ty |s s|mp|y tho curv|ng ot spaco-t|mo that rosu|ts trom tho prosonco ot a |argo mass
|n |oca| spaco-t|mo. 3ut V||or's thoory |s a much |oss suport|c|a|, and much doopor, thoory, tor botb tho warp|ng ot spaco-t|mo ooo tho |argo mass
ot a star or p|anot aro both thomso|vos tho roso|ts ot a much doopor structuro around wh|ch both c|ustor,' and that structuro |s tho structuro ot
|ong|tud|na| prossuro wavos ot compross|on and rarotact|on |n tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t. ln a sonso, tho warp or curv|ng ot spaco-t|mo |s moro
tundamonta| than |n E|nsto|n's thoory, tor |n a corta|n s|mp||st|c way ot stat|ng |t, tho warp rosu|ts not trom tho prosonco ot a |argo mass, but rathor
tho convorso: tho |argo mass |s prosont bocauso ot tho undor|y|ng warp |n tho mod|um and tho c|ustor|ng ot such wavos around corta|n noda|
po|nts, a|most tho oxact oppos|to ot E|nsto|n's thoory.
1h|s a|roady g|vos ono an approc|at|on ot tho s|gn|t|canco ot G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory, tor |n a corta|n sonso, E|nsto|n's thoory |s oot ooglooorob|o,
tor |t ono w|shod to warp spaco-t|mo w|th|n tho constra|nts ot Gonora| lo|at|v|ty, a |argo mass such as a star or p|anot wou|d havo to bo prosont to
do so. 3ut tho convorso |s truo ot G|oba| 3ca||ng thoory, tor ono wou|d not oooo tho prosonco ot a |argo mass to warp spaco-t|mo, s|nco that
warpod structuro |tso|t |s a |ong|tud|na| prossuro wavo |n tho phys|ca| mod|um. Ono cou|d, by warp|ng spaco-t|mo, croato a v|rtua| mass' or,
convorso|y, an ant|grav|ty h|||.'
|or 0r. V||or, thoro aro two |mmod|ato pract|ca| app||cat|ons ot th|s thoory. ln tho t|rst |nstanco, tho thoory ot stand|ng |ong|tud|na| wavos |n tho
mod|um opons tho poss|b|||ty ot us|ng such wavos and mooo|otlog tbom - tor thoy aro |ndood tho mystor|ous carr|or wavos' suggostod by
0owoy's and 0ak|n's son|c wavo ana|ogy - w|th |ntormat|on tor commun|cat|ons purposos. 3uch wavos wou|d bo much tastor than ord|nary ||ght
wavos, s|nco objocts soparatod trom oach othor ovor groat d|stancos |n norma| spaco can bo qu|to c|oso |n tho |ogar|thm|c spaco |n wh|ch thoso
wavos movo. 3ocond|y, such a modu|atod grav|ty wavo' cou|d bo domodu|atod at any |ocat|on on tho Earth, Vars, or ovon outs|do tho so|ar
systom, at tho vory samo momont |n t|mo.'
108
1ho roason |s s|mp|o onough. largo massos oro ootoro| rosoootors o socb wovos.
100
Aoo ogolo,
tbo roosoo ls c|oor, or tboy tooo to c|ostor oroooo tbo oooo| polots or p|ocos wboro socb wovos lotororo, tbot ls, wboro tboy lotorsoct. 1hus, tho
bu||d|ng ot oxpons|vo sato|||tos ot spaco-basod commun|cat|ons systoms wou|d not on|y bo unnocossary, but |n a corta|n sonso, s|nco such
sato|||tos aro ot much |oss comparat|vo mass than a p|anot, thoy wou|d not bo cost-ottoct|vo, s|nco thoy wou|d bo vory |nott|c|ont as coup|od
osc|||ators or roco|vors ot such wavos, as comparod to a p|anot w|th |ts |argo mass |tso|t.
2. 1he LInk: GeometrIes
lt thoro |s a ro|at|onsh|p botwoon such |ong|tud|na| wavos |n tho mod|um and grav|ty, |t to||ows that as ro|at|onsh|ps ot p|anotary a||gnmonts - tho
day-to-day, month-to-month, and yoar-to-yoar goomotr|os ot a||gnmonts ot co|ost|a| bod|os - w||| ov|donco s|m||ar ro|at|onsh|ps to human act|v|ty.
A s|mp|o ana|ogy w||| sorvo to |||ustrato th|s po|nt. lmag|no somoono stand|ng on tho bank ot a st||| pond, ho|d|ng a handtu| ot sma|| pobb|os. 1ho
|nd|v|dua| thon throws tho rocks up, and thoy |and |n tho pond, croat|ng r|pp|os and ovontua||y, as a|| thoso wavos cross and |ntortoro w|th oach
othor, a pattorn or gr|d or tomp|oto ot wavo |ntortoronco |s croatod, spoc|t|c to that a||gnmont ot rocks thrown |nto tho pond. Attor tho pond surtaco
has bocomo smooth aga|n, tho |nd|v|dua| throws anothor handtu| ot pobb|os |nto tho pond. Aga|n, tho r|pp|os w||| cross and |ntortoro, but tho pattorn
w||| bo d|ttoront bocauso tho rocks w||| random|y |mpact tho surtaco ot tho pond |n a d|ttoront pattorn.
1ho r|pp|os' aro s|m||ar to tho ottocts ot thoso |ong|tud|na| wavos |n tho phys|ca| mod|um, w|th ono vory |mportant d|ttoronco. ln tho caso ot tho
so|ar systom, tor oxamp|o, tho p|anots orb|t tho sun at known por|od|c|ty, that |s, oach p|anot takos a corta|n amount ot t|mo to comp|oto ono orb|t ot
tho 3un. 1h|s tact, tho tact that tho|r orb|ts can bo proc|so|y ca|cu|atod and tho|r pos|t|ons ro|at|vo to oach othor thus prod|ctod, |ntroducos tho |doa
that corta|n typos ot a||gnmonts can occur w|th som|-rogu|ar|ty, and tho phys|ca| ottocts thus can bo prod|ctod l ooo ossomb|os tbo roqolslto
ootoboso rom |oogtby obsorvotloo. 7bot ls to soy, tbo p|oootory o|lgomoots tbomso|vos oro oxoct|y ooo|ogoos to oor rocks lo tbo pooo,' or tbo
p|ooots coostoot|y crooto oo ovor|opplog grlowork or tomp|oto o socb |oogltooloo| wovos.
a. Planetary AlIgnments and 8Ignal PropagatIon
Odd|y onough, such obsorvat|on has boon dono to a ||m|tod oxtont. ln tho oar|y 10b0s, tho lCA company ongagod ono ot |ts ong|noors, 1.|.
lo|son, to study why s|gna| propagat|on strongth and woaknoss soomod to vary accord|ng to por|od|c cyc|os. lo|son's answors, attor somo study,
woro pub||shod |n 7bo E|octrlco| Eoglooor, and aro as shock|ng to norma|' sc|ont|t|c sons|b|||t|os now as thoy woro thon. 1ho abstracts ot thoso
two short art|c|os say |t a||.
ln tho abstract to h|s art|c|o l|anotary los|t|on Ettoct on 3hort-Wavo 3|gna| Oua||ty,' lo|son announcos
A now approach to an as yot unso|vod prob|om |s tho obsorvanco ot p|anotary ottocts on trans-at|ant|c [s|c| short-wavo s|gna|s. Corro|at|on ovor
sovon yoars shows that corta|n p|anotary arrangomonts agroo wo|| w|th tho bohav|or ot short-wavo s|gna|s.
200
ln an art|c|o wr|tton on|y a tow months oar||or tor tho AlEE W|ntor Gonora| Voot|ng |n 1anuary ot 10b2, lo|son spo||od |t out ovon moro oxp||c|t|y |n
tho abstract, wh|ch statod
An oxam|nat|on ot shortwavo rad|o propagat|on cond|t|ons ovor tho lorth At|ant|c tor a t|vo-yoar por|od, and tho ro|at|vo pos|t|on ot p|anots |n tho
so|ar systom, d|sc|osos somo vory |ntorost|ng corro|at|ons. As a rosu|t ot such corro|at|ons, cortolo p|oootory ro|otloosblps oro oooocoo to bovo
spocllc ooct oo roolo propogotloo tbroogb tbolr lo|oooco opoo tbo soo. |urthor |nvost|gat|on |s roqu|rod to tu||y oxp|oro tho ottoct ot p|anot
pos|t|ons on rad|o propagat|on |n ordor that tho h|gh|y |mportant t|o|d ot roolo wootbor orocostlog moy bo propor|y oovo|opoo.
201
1horo aro somo |mportant tactors to obsorvo carotu||y botoro wo procood.
||rst, noto that corta|n p|anotary ro|at|onsh|ps' havo an ottoct on rad|o s|gna| qua||ty and propagat|on v|a somo |nt|uonco thoy havo on tho 3un.
1h|s h|gh||ghts that anothor mochan|sm othor than shoor mass |s at work, tor as |s obv|ous, tho 3un's mass tar outwo|ghs tho comb|nod mass ot tho
var|ous p|anots! ln othor words, a standard ro|at|v|st|c modo| coo|o oot oxp|olo wby slgoo| qoo|lty vorloo wltb p|oootory posltloos, somo otbor
mochan|sm was at work than just tho grav|ty-mass ro|at|onsh|p pos|tod by standard phys|ca| modo|s. 1hat mochan|sm, accord|ng to lo|son, had
somoth|ng to do w|th tbo goomotrlos o p|oootory posltloos ovor tlmo.
3ocond|y, lo|son a|so ob||quo|y h|nts that |n add|t|on to tho 3un's known ottocts on torrostr|a| woathor, that thoro may a|so bo a ro|at|onsh|p
botwoon p|anotary pos|t|ons thomso|vos and torrostr|a| woathor. Woro |t not tor tho tact that lo|son was an ong|noor work|ng tor lCA, ono m|ght bo
tomptod to conc|udo that h|s art|c|o was that ot somo obscuro astro|ogor work|ng anonymous|y tor 7bo lormors` A|moooc mak|ng woathor
prod|ct|ons.
3ut thoro's moro.
1o soo what |t |s, |t |s nocossary to to||ow lo|son's oxpos|t|on c|oso|y and carotu||y. 1ho prob|om t|rst bocamo ov|dont whon lCA oroctod a
to|oscop|c obsorvatory to study sunspot act|v|ty:
At tho Contra| lad|o Ott|co ot lCA Commun|cat|ons, lnc., |n |owor Vanhattan, an obsorvatory hous|ng a 0-|nch rotract|ng to|oscopo |s ma|nta|nod
tor tho obsorvat|on ot sunspots. 1ho purposo ot oroct|ng th|s obsorvatory |n 1040 was to dovo|op a mothod ot torocast|ng rad|o storms trom tho
study ot sunspots. Attor about ono yoar ot oxpor|mont|ng, a torocast|ng systom ot short-wavo cond|t|ons was |nauguratod basod upon tho ago,
pos|t|on, c|ass|t|cat|on, and act|v|ty ot sunspots. 3at|stactory rosu|ts woro obta|nod, bot ol|oro o tbls systom rom tlmo to tlmo loolcotoo tbot
pbooomooo otbor tboo soospots oooooo to bo stooloo.
202
ln othor words, somo mochan|sm othor than sunspots was |nvo|vod. 3ut what was |t?
Exam|n|ng var|ous art|c|os by thoso who had stud|od tho sunspot phonomonon |n ro|at|onsh|p to tho|r cyc|os, lo|son qu|ck|y d|scovorod
somoth|ng qu|to odd, and |t t|gurod s|gn|t|cant|y |nto h|s own d|scovory:
Cyc||c var|at|ons |n sunspot act|v|ty havo boon stud|od by many so|ar |nvost|gators |n tho past and attompts woro mado by somo, notab|y
|unt|ngton, C|ayton, and 3antord, to cooooct tboso vorlotloos to p|oootory lo|ooocos. 1ho books ot thoso throo |nvost|gators woro stud|od and
tho|r rosu|ts tound sutt|c|ont|y oncourag|ng to warrant corro|at|ng s|m||ar p|anotary |ntorro|at|onsh|ps w|th rad|o s|gna| bohav|or. |owovor, |t was
doc|dod to |nvost|gato tho ottocts ot a|| tho p|anots trom Vorcury to 3aturn, |nstoad ot on|y tho major p|anots as thoy had dono. 7bo somo
bo|locootrlc oogo|or ro|otloosblps o 0, 00, 180, ooo 270 oogroos woro osoo ooo ootos wboo ooy two or moro p|ooots woro soporotoo by ooo o
tboso oog|os woro rocorooo.
lovostlgotloo qolck|y sbowoo tboro wos posltlvo corro|otloo botwooo tboso p|oootory oog|os ooo troosot|ootlc sbortwovo slgoo| vorlotloos.
Roolo slgoo|s sbowoo o tooooocy to bocomo oogroooo wltblo o ooy or two o p|oootory coolgorotloos o tbo typo bolog stooloo. |owovor, a||
cont|gurat|ons d|d not corrospond to s|gna| dogradat|on. Corta|n cont|gurat|ons showod bottor corro|at|on than othors.
208
ln othor words, sunspot cyc|os thomso|vos woro not, as otton arguod, tho causo ot s|gna| dogradat|on, but woro thomso|vos corro|atod to p|anotary
a||gnmonts, botb soospots ooo roolo propogotloo oocts oppooroo to bo oocts o cortolo p|oootory goomotrlos lo ro|otloosblp to tbo soo. And
thoro was anothor th|ng as wo||: tho ottoct on s|gna| propagat|on appoarod otor tho goomotr|ca| a||gnmont, wh|ch a|ways occurrod whon two or
moro p|anots woro soparatod by ang|os ot 0, 00, 180, or 270 dogroos.
lo|son's art|c|os chart somo ot thoso p|anotary ro|at|onsh|ps, and |t |s worth hav|ng a |ook at thom, tor a p|cturo |s |ndood worth a thousand words
or a hundrod oquat|ons.
No|soo`s P|oootory A|lgomoot Cbort or lobroory 28, 1048, wblcb roso|too lo sovoro slgoo| oogroootloo oo tbot ooy ooo tbo ooo o||owlog.'
204
loto that vonus and 1up|tor aro soparatod by 180 dogroos, and Vorcury by a|most 00 dogroos trom tho othor two. Yot anothor a||gnmont that
rosu|tod |n sovoro s|gna| dogradat|on was an a||gnmont that occurrod trom 3optombor 20 to 20, 10b1:
No|soo`s P|oootory A|lgomoots or 5optombor 20-20, 1051
20b
Aga|n, obsorvo that 3aturn on tho ono hand, and vonus and 1up|tor on tho othor, aro soparatod by a|most 180 dogroos, wh||o Uranus and Vorcury
aro w|th|n a tow dogroos ot oach othor and a|most at 00-dogroo ang|os ot soparat|on trom tho othor throo p|anots.
1ho s|m||ar|ty ot thoso charts to norma| astro|og|ca| charts |s, ot courso, obv|ous to anyono tam|||ar w|th thom, and |t was so |n lo|son's day as
wo||, tor 7lmo magaz|no was qu|ck to p|ck up on ono potont|a| |mp||cat|on ot tho study:
1ho anc|ont psoudo-sc|onco ot astro|ogy, wh|ch attompts to prod|ct tho tuturo by tho mot|ons ot tho p|anots, may havo a b|t ot sc|onco |n |t, attor a||.
1h|s wook lad|o Corporat|on ot Amor|ca, no oasy proy to suporst|t|on, announcod |n tho lCA lov|ow that |t |s succosstu||y prod|ct|ng rad|o
rocopt|on by a study ot p|anotary mot|ons.
200
1o put |t succ|nct|y, 7lmo was ob||quo|y h|nt|ng at a k|nd ot pa|oophys|cs' approach to th|s anc|ont psoudo-sc|onco,' namo|y that boh|nd anc|ont
astro|og|ca| myths and |oro thoro m|ght havo onco boon a vory soph|st|catod phys|cs and sc|onco - tho product ot a vory ||gh C|v|||zat|on - ot
wh|ch astro|ogy was a cons|dorab|y doc||nod |ogacy ot c|v|||zat|ons, Egypt and 3aby|on tor oxamp|o, that woro thomso|vos doc||nod |ogac|os ot a
much oar||or and much moro soph|st|catod procursor c|v|||zat|on. And tho astro|og|ca| componont, as wo sha|| soo momontar||y, |s moro than just
suggostod or |mp||od.
3ut wo aro gott|ng ahoad ot ourso|vos.
|or tho momont, |ot us now cons|dor carotu||y tho |mp||cat|ons ot lo|son's romarks:
1) 3|nco rad|o s|gna|s aro o|octromagnot|c phonomona, and s|nco s|gna| propagat|on appoars to bo attoctod by two or moro p|anots |n a||gnmonts
ot 0, 00, 180, or 270 dogroos trom oach othor, tho |mp||cat|on |s that tho so|ar systom |s oot o|octr|ca||y noutra| at a||, but an o|octr|ca||y dynam|c and
opon systom whoso dynam|sm |s attoctod by thoso a||gnmonts. Aga|n, roca|| tho |doa that tho p|anotary a||gnmonts thomso|vos croato a gr|dwork or
|att|co or tomp|ato ot |ong|tud|na| wavos,
207
2) 1ho common toaturo ot tho 3un and tho p|anots |s that oach |s a rotat|ng mass around |ts own ax|s ot rotat|on, and as a tota| systom, oach p|anot
orb|ts tho 3un. ln short, wo aro doa||ng w|th rotat|ng systoms w|th|n rotat|ng systoms,
8) 1ho 3un |tso|t |s a rototlog moss o p|osmo, a supor-hot o|octr|ca||y po|ar|zod gas |n wh|ch nuc|oar tus|on occurs constant|y. Voroovor, w|th|n tho
3un's mass ot rotat|ng p|asma, d|ttoront |ayors ot p|asma north or south ot tho |at|tudo ot |ts oquator rototo lo tbo somo olroctloo, bot ot oloroot
vo|ocltlos. 1h|s d|ttoront|a| rotat|on' as |t |s known w||| bocomo a cruc|a| cons|dorat|on as wo procood.
3ut what doos a|| th|s moan?
1o answor th|s quost|on, wo must roturn to oxam|no somo aspocts ot th|s doop phys|cs' that l havo wr|tton and commontod about |n my prov|ous
books. Vany ot thoso po|nts can bo ropr|sod ta|r|y qu|ck|y, but somo ot thom w||| roqu|ro a c|osor |ook, w|th now add|t|ona| mator|a| and porspoct|vo.
b. 1he ElectrIcally ynamIc 8olar 8ystem and Planetary AlIgnments
As a|roady notod, tho lCA stud|os ot 1.|. lo|son po|nt to tho |mp||cat|on that tho so|ar systom |s not an o|octr|ca||y noutra| systom, but a dynam|c
ono whoso changos aro somohow connoctod to p|anotary a||gnmonts.
208
ln most prosontat|ons ot tho o|octr|ca||y dynam|c so|ar systom, |t |s to bo
notod that tho modo|s usod do oot sook oxp|anat|ons |n a doopor' phys|cs, but moro|y pos|t that |n anc|ont t|mos tho p|anots woro much c|osor
togothor, and as a consoquonco ot tho bu||dup ot po|ar|t|os and chargo d|ttoront|a|s botwoon p|anots, |argo-sca|o o|octr|ca| arcs cou|d torm
botwoon thom, much ||ko chargo d|ttoront|a|s botwoon tho atmosphoro and tho ground torm dur|ng |argo thundorstorms, |oad|ng ovontua||y to tho
o|octr|ca| arcs botwoon thoso rog|ons that wo know as ||ghtn|ng. ln th|s caso, tho o|octr|ca||y dynam|c so|ar systom's undorstand|ng ot tho way
p|anotary a||gnmonts attoct tho systom |s s|mp|y duo to tho ro|otlvo c|osoooss ot co|ost|a| bod|os and tho ro|at|vo d|ttoroncos ot chargo po|ar|t|os
botwoon thom. 1ho actua| goomotr|ca| o|lgomoot ot p|anots - as |n tho oxamp|o ot lo|son's lCA stud|os - |s not roa||y |n v|ow.
c. Plasma Cosmology
C|oso|y a|||od to tho concopt|on ot tho o|octr|ca||y dynam|c so|ar systom |s p|asma cosmo|ogy, wh|ch |s an attompt to soo a doopor phys|cs at
work boh|nd tho |doa ot chargo d|ttoront|a|s torm|ng botwoon p|anots. W|th p|asma cosmo|ogy and phys|cs, wo aro |ndood |n tho prosonco ot a
modo| w|th protound |mp||cat|ons tor that doopor phys|cs,' as wo|| as a modo| w|th protound oxp|anatory powor tor somo anc|ont toxts and
mystor|os.
200
Accord|ng|y, our rov|ow must bo moro comprohons|vo.
l t|rst out||nod tho bas|cs, and tho tundamonta| |mp||cat|ons ot p|asma cosmo|ogy tor |ntorprotat|on ot anc|ont toxts and mono||ths, |n 7bo Olzo
Lootb 5tor. 1ho bra|nch||d ot 3wod|sh phys|c|st |annos A|tvon, tho concoptua| bas|s ot tho modo| was summar|zod by h|s studont Er|c 1. lornor |n
tho to||ow|ng tash|on:
3tart|ng |n 1080 A|tvon out||nod, |n a sor|os ot h|gh|y or|g|na| papors, tho tundamonta|s ot what ho wou|d |ator torm cosm|c o|octrodynam|cs - tho
sc|onco ot tho p|asma un|vorso. Conv|ncod that o|octr|ca| torcos aro |nvo|vod |n tho gonorat|on ot cosm|c rays, A|tvon pursuod . (a) mothod ot
oxtond|ng |aboratory modo|s to tho hoavons.. |o know how h|gh-onorgy part|c|os aro croatod |n tho |aboratory - tho cyc|otron, |nvontod s|x yoars
oar||or, usos o|octr|ca| t|o|ds to acco|orato part|c|os and magnot|c t|o|ds to gu|do tho|r paths. |ow, A|tvon askod, wou|d a cosm|c, natura| cyc|otron
bo poss|b|o?
.3ut what about tho conductor? 3paco was supposod to bo a vacuum, thus |ncapab|o ot carry|ng o|octr|ca| curronts. |oro, A|tvon aga|n bo|d|y
oxtrapo|atod trom tho |ab. On oarth ovon oxtromo|y rar|t|od gasos can carry a curront |t thoy havo boon |on|zod - that |s, |t tho o|octrons havo boon
str|ppod trom tho atoms.. A|tvon roasonod that such p|asma shou|d ox|st |n spaco as wo||.
210
l thon commontod at |ongth as to||ows:
1h|s may not sound too rovo|ut|onary, unt|| ono not|cos what |s un|quo about th|s thoory: corta|n koy var|ab|os do oot chango w|th sca|o - o|octr|ca|
ros|stanco, vo|oc|ty, and onorgy a|| roma|nod tho samo. Othor quant|t|os oo chango: tor oxamp|o, t|mo |s sca|od as s|zo, so |t a procoss |s a m||||on
t|mos sma||or, |t occurs a m||||on t|mos tastor.'
211
ln othor words. 7bo prloclpo| olorootlo| ls.tlmo.
212
loto that |doa that t|mo |s tho pr|nc|pa| d|ttoront|a|' or th|ng |n v|ow,' bocauso |t w||| bocomo qu|to tho cruc|a| po|nt |n a momont.
1ho pr|nc|pa| |ns|ght ot tho thoory |s, howovor, c|oar: t|mo |s tho pr|mary d|ttoront|a| or th|ng |n v|ow' wh||o tho rost ot phys|ca| var|ab|os -
o|octr|ca| ros|stanco, t|o|d strongth and so on - roma|n sca|o-|nvar|ant,' wh|ch |s a phys|c|st's tochn|ca| torm|no|ogy tor say|ng that thoy bohavo tho
samo no mattor tho s|zo or sca|o ot tho systom to wh|ch thoy aro app||od.
3ut thoro was a turthor |mp||cat|on:
3|nco t|mo |s sca|o-sons|t|vo, and othor o|octromagnot|c torcos aro not, tho |mp||cat|on |s rovo|ut|onary:
Equa||y |mportant, though, |s tho convorso uso ot thoso sca||ng ru|os. Whon tho magnot|c t|o|ds and curronts ot thoso objocts aro sca|od down,
thoy bocomo |ncrod|b|y |ntonso - m||||ons ot gauss, m||||ons ot amporos, wo|| boyond |ovo|s ach|ovab|o |n tho |aboratory. |owovor, by study|ng
cosm|c phonomona, A|tvon shows, sc|ont|sts can |oarn how osloo oovlcos moro poworo| tboo tboso oowlo oxlstooco wl|| oporoto. lo oct, tboy
mlgbt |ooro bowto ooslgo socb oovlcos rom tbo |ossoos lo tbo boovoos.'
218
..
lornor c|oar|y |mp||os that l tbo loortlo| ooo o|octromogootlc procossos o tbo boovoos oro somobowcoptoroo.
1hat |s, |t ono |s ab|o to roproduco thom by somo tochno|og|ca| moans, thon
osloo oovlcos moro poworo| tboo tboso lo oxlstooco wl|| oporoto.' What tus|on dov|cos cou|d ho bo ta|k|ng about? lo tokamak magnot|c bott|o
has ovor ach|ovod a stab|o contro||od-tus|on roact|on, and |t |s un||ko|y that lornor knows about (lh||o) |arnsworth's p|asmator.
214
(And |t |s ovon |oss ||ko|y that lornor knows ot tho laz| 3o|| dov|co!)
21b
.tho on|y th|ng |ott, thon, aro tho c|ty-bust|ng suporbombs that t||| |ronch, Amor|can, and luss|an arsona|s.
210
1hoso c|ty-bust|ng suporbombs' aro, ot courso, thormonuc|oar hydrogon tus|on bombs, and tho|r |mportanco to th|s story w||| a|so bo soon |n a
momont.
3ut that's not a||. 1horo woro othor aspocts ot A|tvon's p|asma cosmo|ogy modo| that ho out||nod |n a 1042 art|c|o:
lt a conduct|ng ||qu|d |s p|acod |n a constant magnot|c t|o|d, ovory mot|on ot tho ||qu|d g|vos r|so to an (o|octromagnot|c t|o|d) wh|ch producos
o|octr|c curronts. Ow|ng to tho magnot|c t|o|d, thoso curronts g|vo mochan|ca| torcos wh|ch chango tho stato ot mot|on ot tho ||qu|d. 7bos o kloo o
comblooo o|octromogootlc-byorooyoomlc wovo ls prooocoo wblcb, so or os l koow, bos os yot ottroctoo oo ottootloo.
217
Commont|ng on th|s, l notod that such o|octromagnot|c-hydrodynam|c wavos soundod susp|c|ous|y ||ko tho o|octro-acoust|c' or o|octr|ca|
|ong|tud|na| wavos d|scovorod by l|ko|a 1os|a
218
|n h|s h|gh-troquoncy d|roct curront |mpu|so oxpor|monts, and |ator |n h|s tamous Co|orado
3pr|ngs o|octr|ca| oxpor|monts. Wo sha|| havo much moro to say on th|s subjoct |n a momont.
3ut thoro |s ono t|na| po|nt about A|tvon's p|asma cosmo|ogy that must bo notod, and that |s that th|s concopt ot tho un|vorso
Exh|b|ts a t||amontary and co||o|or structuro. lot on|y doos tho un|vorso oxh|b|t o|octr|c |ayors' ot var|ous dons|t|os ||ko a t|u|d, but cosm|c p|asmas
aro otton nor homogonoous, but oxh|b|t l|omootory stroctoros wh|ch aro ||ko|y to bo assoc|atod w|th curronts para||o| to tho magnot|c t|o|d.. ln tho
magnotosphoros thoro aro th|n, rathor stab|o corroot |oyors wh|ch soparato rog|ons ot d|ttoront magnot|zat|on, dons|ty, tomporaturo, otc. lt |s
nocossary that s|m||ar phonomona ox|st a|so |n moro d|stant rog|ons. 1h|s |s bound to g|vo spaco a co||o|or stroctoro (or moro corroct|y, a co|| wa||
structuro).'
210
3otoro cont|nu|ng, |t |s ossont|a| that wo pauso and tako stock ot what wo now havo:
1. A|tvon's cosmo|ogy |oads to tho concopt|on ot o|octromagnot|c-hydrodynam|c wavos wh|ch aro capab|o ot travo||ng |n vacuum spaco, |.o., tho
phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t,
2. 1ho mochan|sm that attachos to thoso wavos |s p|asma |tso|t, wh|ch oxh|b|ts t|u|d-||ko proport|os ot |oss and moro donso rog|ons, and thus,
8. G|vos spaco |tso|t a co||u|ar, that |s to say, a |ottlco structuro,
4. 1ho phonomonon ot p|asmas |s sca|o-|nvar|ant, s|nco p|asma ottocts can bo croatod |n tho |aboratory wh|ch proc|so|y rosomb|o ont|ro ga|ax|os |n
tho|r structuro,
220
a po|nt wh|ch may bo tu||y approc|atod by a g|anco at |aboratory-gonoratod p|asma sw|r|s, and tho|r s|m||ar|t|os to who|o ga|ax|os:
Oo|oxlos ooo Loborotory P|osmo Plocb Eocts Comporoo. 7bo Oo|oxlos oro obovo, ooo tbo Loborotory-Oooorotoo P|osmo Plocbos oro bo|ow.
study ot tho abovo phonomona can |oad to tus|on dov|cos moro powortu| than thoso curront|y |n ox|stonco,' |.o., to supor-supor hydrogon bombs, and
t|na||y,
b. 1|mo |s tho pr|nc|pa| d|ttoront|a| or th|ng |n v|ow' s|nco |t a|ono var|os ovor tho sca|os wh|ch aro |n v|ow, on sma|| sca|os |t oporatos tastor than on
|argo sca|os. 1h|s |s an |mportant po|nt as wo sha|| soo |n a momont |n tho work ot 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov. |owovor, g|von that t|mo |tso|t has th|s
dynam|c proporty cons|dorod lo ro|otloosblp to tbo sco|o o tbo systom oooor coosloorotloo, |t |s c|oar that |t cannot bo tho sort ot ono-
d|mons|ona|' or sca|ar ont|ty that |t |s |n tho troatmont ot so much mathomat|ca| phys|cs, part|cu|ar|y |n ro|at|v|ty thoor|os.
221
ln short, t|mo has a k|nd
ot broadth and dopth' s|m||ar to spaco, |t |s a mo|tl-olmooslooo| phonomonon, so to spoak. And w|th th|s, wo aro back to tho |ns|ghts ot
Ousponsky c|tod by 0owoy and 0ak|n |n tho prov|ous chaptor.
222
W|th th|s |n m|nd, wo now cons|dor tho p|asma and tus|on aspocts ot tho laz| 3o|| dov|co, and tho postwar p|asma and tus|on' rosoarch ot laz|
sc|ont|st 0r. lona|d l|chtor, tor h|s rosoarch was on|y socondar||y about p|asmas.
d. Plasma 1ransductIon o| the vacuum or Zero-PoInt Energy: r. Ronald RIchter RevIsIted
ln 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo| l out||nod a caso that 0r. lona|d l|chtor's postwar tus|on projoct |n Argont|na was but a cont|nuat|on ot corta|n aspocts
ot tho wart|mo laz| 3o|| projoct. 1h|s caso was basod |n part on tho tact that l|chtor workod tor tho samo company, tho A||gomoloo E|oktrlcltts
Oomoloscbot, as bu||t tho powor p|ant tor tho 3o|| dov|co,
228
that wh||o at that company ho workod on a projoct codo-namod Char|to-An|ago
Projokt,' wh|ch was ono ot tho codo namos ot tho 3o|| projoct's powor p|ant,
224
but most |mportant|y, that tho phys|cs |nvo|vod |n l|chtor's projoct
and tho 3o|| woro so s|m||ar. 3oth tho 3o|| and l|chtor's projoct |nvo|vod tho uso ot rotat|ng p|asma.
22b
3oth tho 3o|| dov|co and l|chtor's projoct
a|so |nvo|vod tho uso ot mota| drums or cy||ndors.
220
3ut what was tho purposo ot th|s rotat|on ot p|asma? Whon quor|od about th|s proc|so po|nt by an Argont|no comm|ss|on sont by lros|dont
loron to |nvost|gato h|s projoct, l|chtor |ntormod tho Argont|no sc|ont|sts that tho who|o bas|s ot h|s attompt to contro| thormonuc|oar tus|on
procossos was basod on a procoss|ona| rotat|on ot p|asma that was thon sharp|y and abrupt|y pu|sod o|octr|ca||y to produco stand|ng shockwavos
w|th|n |t. 1hoso shockwavos wou|d thon |nduco tho tus|on roact|on.
227
l|chtor was, ot courso, round|y donouncod by sc|ont|sts ot that day, bocauso
such assort|ons t|ow |n tho taco ot tho ro|gn|ng thoor|os.
228
|owovor, th|s doos not to|| tho tu|| story, tor wh||o l|chtor's v|ows woro bo|ng donouncod pub||c|y, pr|vato|y and vory socrot|y tho U.3. m|||tary was
tak|ng a protound |ntorost |n what tho Austr|an laz| sc|ont|st was roo||y try|ng to do. Contact|ng l|chtor and ask|ng h|m to oxp|a|n what ho was
do|ng, l|chtor rovoa|s that h|s projoct, and honco tho ont|ro laz| 3o|| projoct, was on|y socondar||y concornod w|th nuc|oar tus|on, tor that procoss
was soon by thom as a gatoway to a much moro protound, and potont|a||y doad|y, phys|cs than moro tus|on or ovon supor-supor hydrogon bombs.
Out||n|ng h|s rosoarch tor tho 1h|rd lo|ch, l|chtor |ntorms h|s Amor|can |nvost|gators that tho shockwavo procoss ot tus|on was t|rst not|cod by h|m
|n 1080! ||s rosoarch |n laz| Gormany |nvo|vod:
losoarch work and dos|gn stud|os on o|octr|c arc turnacos systoms, dovo|op|ng now typos ot p|asma ana|yz|ng |nstrumonts and mothods. ln 1080,
d|scovory ot a p|asma shock wavo gonorat|ng procoss, concopt|on ot a comp|oto|y now typo ot |ndustr|a| arc roactor systom, basod rathor on
p|asma shock wavo roact|v|ty than on hoat transtor. 0ovo|opmont ot a bas|s ot oporat|on tor tost|ng p|asma shock wavo cond|t|ons by moans ot
p|asma-co|||s|on-|nducod nuc|oar roact|ons.
220
lt a|| th|s sounds a ||tt|o ahoad ot tho thormonuc|oar gamo |n tho oar|y 10b0s, |t was. lt was about 45 yoors ahoad ot that gamo, tor |n 100b an
Amor|can t|rm, Gonora| |us|on, announcod |t wou|d try to bu||d a tus|on roactor basod on tho pr|nc|p|o ot p|asma shockwavos!
280
3ut l|chtor had apparont|y soon somoth|ng o|so |n thoso oar|y p|asma shockwavo and tus|on oxpor|monts |n laz| Gormany, somoth|ng that
oponod tho door to a much ooopor phys|cs. Wo assumo,' l|chtor statod |n h|s Amor|can laporc||p t||o,
1hat h|gh|y comprossod o|octron gas (|.o., a p|asma) bocomos o ootoctor or ooorgy oxcboogo wltb wbot wo co|| zoro-polot ooorgy.lo o
sbockwovo-soporlmposoo, torbo|ooco-ooobock-cootro||oo p|osmo zooo oxlsts o blgb probobl|lty or co||-|lko sopor-prossoro coooltloos.
3hados ot |annos A|tvon's p|asma-co||u|ar structuro ot spaco! 3ut noto what l|chtor |s say|ng: such p|asmas bocomo dotoctors' or ovon
gotowoys to tap |nto tho onorgy ot tho phys|ca| mod|um - tho zoro-po|nt onorgy - |tso|t:
.lt sooms to bo poss|b|o (by th|s moans) to 'oxtract' a compross|on-proport|ona| amount ot zoro-po|nt onorgy by moans ot a magnot|c-t|o|d-
contro||od oxchango t|uctuat|on botwoon tho comprossod o|octron gas and a sort ot co|| structuro |n spaco, roprosont|ng what wo ca|| zoro-po|nt
onorgy .. l|asma |mp|os|on ana|ys|s m|ght turn out to bocomo an approach to a comp|oto|y now sourco ot onorgy.
281
ln short, l|chtor has soon boyond A|tvon's p|asma cosmo|ogy, tor ho |s say|ng |n ottoct that tho p|asma structuro ot spaco |tso|t |s a roso|t ot zoro-
po|nt onorgy t|uctuat|ons. And w|th h|s who|o now onorgy sourco' basod on p|asma gatoways |nto tho zoro-po|nt onorgy, wo aro back to Er|c 1.
lornor's obsorvat|on that by |ook|ng to tho hoavons and tho p|asma procossos thoy conta|n, ono m|ght bo ab|o to construct tus|on dov|cos tar moro
powortu| than anyth|ng |n today's arsona|s, tor such dov|cos, |n tho t|na| ana|ys|s, aro not tus|on dov|cos as such but tus|on gatoways' or
transducors ot somoth|ng tar moro powortu| and ot p|anot- and star-bust|ng potont|a|.
3o what |s tho connoct|on to tho 3o||?
lt's vory s|mp|o.
loca|| tor a momont that l|chtor's who|o procoss |nvo|vod rototloo ot that p|asma such that a procoss|on or wobb|o' was |nducod |n |t. lns|do tho
3o||, thoro woro two countor-rotat|ng cy||ndors, |n my op|n|on most ||ko|y stackod ono on top ot tho othor.
282
lns|do thoso cy||ndors a h|gh|y
rad|oact|vo compound ot morcury, probab|y dopod w|th h|gh-sp|n-stato nuc|oar |somors,
288
was spun up to u|tra-h|gh spood, on tho ordor ot tons |t
not hundrods ot thousands ot rovo|ut|ons por m|nuto. lsomors aro |n turn h|gh-sp|n-stato atoms whoso onorgy |s |ockod up |n tho angu|ar momontum
ot tho sp|nn|ng atom. 1ho purposo ot sp|nn|ng such a mator|a| mocboolco||y up to such a h|gh spood |s thorotoro ov|dont, tor such act|on w|||
cohoro' tho atoms ot tho mator|a| by |nort|a, so that thoy aro a|| sp|nn|ng |n a mannor a||gnod moro or |oss on tho samo p|ooo ot rotat|on, that ot tho
two cy||ndors. 1h|s mator|a| was thon o|octrlco||y po|soo by oxtromo|y h|gh vo|tago d|roct-curront o|octr|c|ty
284
wh|ch, poco l|chtor, arc trom tho
rotat|ng drum |tso|t, through tho mator|a|, to tho contor ot tho dov|co, thus mak|ng not on|y a p|asma, but sott|ng up o|octro-acoust|c' shock wavos
w|th|n |t, and thoso |n turn, wou|d transduco tho onorgy and tabr|c ot spaco-t|mo |tso|t, as tho |somor|c componont ot tho compound dooxc|tod trom
|ts h|gh sp|n stato and ro|oasod tho onormous amounts ot onorgy storod up |n |ts h|gh rotat|on. 3y a|tor|ng tho spoods ot countor-rotat|on ot tho two
drums, a olorootlo| rototloo, a procoss|on or wobb|o' ot sorts, wou|d bo art|t|c|a||y |nducod |n tho p|asma.
ln short, tho laz| sc|ont|sts had brought tho p|asma cosmo|ogy ot tho stars and ovon ot tho ga|ax|os thomso|vos down to a dov|co as sma|| as a
sma|| camp|ng tra||or, and woro us|ng |t to man|pu|ato d|roct|y tho tabr|c ot tho phys|ca| mod|um, ot spaco-t|mo, |tso|t.
3ut why sot up such a d|ttoront|a| rotat|on at a||? |or that mattor, what tactors m|ght havo |od 0r. l|chtor to assumo that a rotat|ng (procoss|ng)
and o|octr|ca||y shockod p|asma m|ght bo a zoro-po|nt onorgy transducor to bog|n w|th?
1o answor that quost|on, wo must, onco aga|n, |ook to tho stars, to tho work ot luss|an astrophys|c|st 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov, and to ||tt|o-known
tacts about tho oar||ost hydrogon bomb dotonat|ons.
e. RotatIng 8ystems wIthIn RotatIng 8ystems: r. NIkolaI Kozyrev RevIsIted
1o soo what tho connoct|on ot a|| th|s - trom rotat|ng p|asmas to thormonuc|oar tus|on to hydrogon bombs to stars and zoro-po|nt onorgy -
roa||y |s, wo must roturn to somoth|ng l wroto way back |n 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor.
0ur|ng tho t|rst hydrogon bomb tosts, tho actua| onorgy y|o|d ot tho bombs tar oxcoodod thoso |n|t|a||y ca|cu|atod. 1horo was an x' tactor, oo
ookoowo soorco o sorp|os ooorgy that was bo|ng tappod. 3|nco hydrogon bombs un|oash onormous amounts ot dostruct|vo onorgy at tho vory
subatom|c |ovo| ot tho nuc|ous ot atoms, wo may a|so surm|so, |n part, whoro that onorgy camo trom and why, tor such woapons ||tora||y causo a
v|o|ont |oca| d|sturbanco |n tho goomotry and tabr|c ot spaco-t|mo. ln short, somo os yot looooqooto|y oooorstooo |ows o bormoolcs prooocoo tbo
oxcoss ooorgy.
28b
lt |s not on|y |n tho socrot rosoarch ot tho laz|s w|th tho|r 3o|| dov|co, but |n tho work ot luss|an astrophys|c|st 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov that ono bog|ns
tho t|na| approach to an undorstand|ng ot whoro that oxcoss onorgy camo trom and how |t oporatos. Wo a|roady know a part ot tho answor: |t camo
trom tho onorgy ot spaco-t|mo |tso|t.
3ut that spaco-t|mo |s oot a moro vo|d dovo|d ot dynam|sm, tor |t conta|ns objocts and systoms, |t conta|ns loormotloo, and thoso objocts and
that |ntormat|on aro undorgo|ng an ovor-chang|ng dynam|c ro|at|onsh|p to oach othor.
Kozyrov was controntod by a s|m||ar prob|om as tho hydrogon bomb, on|y |n h|s caso, tho prob|om was not w|th hydrogon bombs and tho|r
anoma|ous y|o|ds, but w|th tho vory 3un |tso|t, and |ts own h|gh|y anoma|ous onorgy y|o|d. As l wroto |n 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo
5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor.
1ho who|o pr|nc|pa| mot|vat|on, by h|s own rockon|ng, tor h|s docados-|ong |nvost|gat|on ot tors|on, and ot tho tors|on amp||ty|ng and sh|o|d|ng
proport|os ot var|ous o|omonts and compounds, was proc|so|y tho tact that thoro woro s|mp|y not onough noutr|nos bo|ng om|ttod by stars or tbo
stooooro mooo| o stors os glgootlc porpotoo| osloo rooctors - ossootlo||y porpotoo| byorogoo bombs - to bo troo.
280
ln othor words, stars, ||ko tho|r man-mado countorparts, tho hydrogon bomb, woro transduc|ng or too mocb onorgy than cou|d bo accountod tor by
tho procoss ot thormonuc|oar tus|on a|ono. ln tact, |n a corta|n sonso, |n Kozyrov's v|ow, tus|on was not ovon tho pr|mary onorgy sourco at work |n
stars at a||, but a socondary ooct ot somoth|ng much doopor, just as |n tho caso ot l|chtor's concopt|ons on p|asmas. 1ho connoct|on botwoon tho
two mon's rosoarch, howovor, may not bo |mmod|ato|y c|oar un|oss ono roca||s wbot stars roa||y oro. thoy aro rotat|ng ba||s ot p|osmo. 1hus,
l|chtor's and Kozyrov's work aro po|nt|ng to somoth|ng s|gn|t|cant: rotat|ng p|asmas aro transducors ot tho onorgy ot a h|ghor-d|mons|ona| spaco!
1h|s |s a cruc|a| concoptua| ||nk to anc|ont t|mos and bo||ots, and a cruc|a| koy to why tho |ntornat|ona| monoy powor, ovon |n anc|ont t|mos, a|||od
|tso|t so c|oso|y w|th tho tomp|o, as wo sha|| soo |n subsoquont chaptors.
And tho s|m||ar|ty botwoon Kozyrov and l|chtor |s moro than just concoptua|, tor both mon and tho|r thoor|os woro pub||c|y donouncod |n tho
mod|a organs ot tho|r rospoct|vo po||t|ca| b|ocs, wh||o tho|r projocts apparont|y d|sappoarod |nto tho |abyr|nth ot postwar b|ack projocts:
1ho moro than co|nc|donta| attack on Kozyrov |n Provoo |n 10b0 ottoct|vo|y [provontod| h|m trom opon pub||cat|on ot h|s oxpor|mon-ta| rosu|ts and
thoorot|ca| concoptua||zat|ons, and tho s|m||ar|y-t|mod d|sappoaranco ot d|scuss|on ot c|oan tus|on bombs |n tho opon 3ov|ot ||toraturo [|s ||kow|so
susp|c|ous|. lot us spocu|ato a b|t.
Wo havo a|roady oncountorod tho tact that tho oar||ost atmosphor|c hydrogon bomb tosts tar oxcoodod tho|r pro-tost ca|cu|atod y|o|ds. ln othor
words, jost os [Kozyrov molotolooo wos boppoologj lo stors, somo otbor ooorgy soorco wos bolog toppoo loto, ooo troosoocoo by, tbo
tbormoooc|oor ootoootloo ltso|. And |t wo oxtond th|s ||no ot spocu|at|on, tho luss|ans most ||ko|y oncountorod tho samo phonomonon |n tho|r
hydrogon bomb tost|ng. Voroovor, |n Kozyrov, thoy had an astrophys|c|st who thought ho know wby stors, a|so |mp||cat|ng thormonuc|oar
procossos, appoarod oot to bo rad|at|ng onough noutr|nos onorgy tor tho thormonuc|oar modo| to bo truo.
Ono may roasonab|y and |og|ca||y conc|udo, thorotoro, that tho 10b0 Provoo attack on Kozyrov was roa||y a covor story to donounco h|s work, to
oo-|ogltlmlzo |t to anyono |n tho Wost who may havo boon pay|ng attont|on to |t, wh||o Kozyrov, and h|s work, d|sappoarod - as thoy d|d - |nto tho
h|ghost roachos ot c|ass|t|cat|on w|th|n tho 3ov|ot Un|on, tor h|s work prov|dod tho nocossary koy to undorstand why |-bombs woro roturn|ng such
anoma|ous y|o|ds, y|o|ds that, moroovor, moat IikoIy variod with tho timo ot thoir dotonation. Kozyrov know why: |t was bocauso tho bomb |tso|t
bocamo, tor that br|ot br||||ant nanosocond ot tho |n|t|a| oxp|os|on, a d|mons|ona| gatoway, a s|u|co-gato, opon|ng tho sp|||way to a hypor-
d|mons|ona| cascado ot tors|on |nto tho roact|on |tso|t.
287
And whon ono says tors|on, ono says rotat|on,' that |s, tho goomotry ot t|mo |tso|t, w|th |ts rotat|ng systoms w|th|n rotat|ng systoms w|th|n rotat|ng
systoms, tor as Kozyrov throughout h|s many oxpor|monts domonstratod t|mo and t|mo aga|n, tho s|mp|ost phys|ca| phonomona - trom hydrogon
bomb tus|on roact|ons to tho s|mp|o |nort|a| proport|os ot gyroscopos and tons|on ba|ancos and sca|os - vorloo lo tbolr roso|ts ovor tlmo, l.o., lo
occoroooco wltb tbo posltloo o co|ostlo| boolos lo ro|otloosblp to tbo oortb, ooo to tbo posltloo oo tbo oortb ooo tbo soosoo lo wblcb oo
oxporlmoot wos porormoo. Kozyrov had |n ottoct domonstratod that t|mo - tho goomotr|ca| cont|gurat|on and a||gnmont ot systoms |n spaco at
any g|von momont - was |tso|t a phys|ca| torco and tactor that gavo |t broadth and dopth and d|mons|ona||ty. |o had g|von tho ottocts ot so many
cyc|os as comp||od by 0owoy and 0ak|n, and ovon tho sunspot a||gnmonts ot lCA's 1.|. lo|son, a namo: tors|on.
ln stross|ng th|s goomotr|c aspoct ot t|mo and |ts mu|t|-d|mons|ona||ty' - |ts ro|at|onsh|p to tho ovor-chang|ng tors|on dynam|sm ot objocts |n
spaco, tho|r tomp|ato' - Kozyrov cou|d not poss|b|y havo boon b||nd to what ho was actua||y say|ng, tor ho was say|ng a|so that thoro may wo|| bo,
or bovo booo, |ong ago, a sc|ont|t|c bas|s to astro|ogy, a bas|s now a|| but torgotton.
And thoro |s ono t|na| po|nt |n th|s tors|on ta|o to cons|dor. 1ho 3un, wh||o a rotat|ng p|asma, |s not a p|asma that rotatos wltb oolorm vo|oclty, tor
|t ono cons|dors var|ous |ayors ot th|s p|asma trom |ts oquator north, or south, as many so|ar phys|c|sts know, tho p|asma rotatos at d|ttoront
spoods, |.o., tho 3un |tso|t |s tho |argost oxamp|o |n our co|ost|a| no|ghborhood ot tho phonomonon ot olorootlo| rototloo o o p|osmo. As such, |t |s
tho oxamp|o par oxco||onco ot tors|on.
A s|mp|o ana|ogy w||| |||ustrato th|s po|nt. ln numorous d|scuss|ons on rad|o shows l havo boon askod to |||ustrato what tors|on doos to tho tabr|c
ot spaco-t|mo, ot tho phys|ca| mod|um. 1ho oxamp|o l a|ways uso |s that ot ompty|ng an a|um|num soda can, and thon wr|ng|ng |t ||ko a d|shrag. 1ho
ana|ogy |s s|m||ar to tho 3o||'s two countor-rotat|ng cy||ndors, tor tho countor-rotat|on ot tho wr|ng|ng mot|on w||| sp|ra|, to|d, and p|oat tho can, wh|ch
roprosonts spaco-t|mo. 3ut |mag|no now that ono |s wr|ng|ng tho soda can w|th both hands go|ng tho somo d|roct|on, but w|th ono hand go|ng vory
much tastor than tho othor: tho rosu|t w||| bo oxact|y tho samo. 1ho can w||| bo sp|ra|od, to|dod, and p|oatod.
1hus, tho ana|ogy sorvos to domonstrato an |mportant po|nt both about tho laz| 3o|| rosoarch and about Kozyrov's rosoarch, tor |n botb casos
tho tors|on phys|cs |n ov|donco |n p|asmas was o||y rat|ona||zod by both part|os. Voroovor, |n stross|ng th|s goomotr|c aspoct ot t|mo and |ts mu|t|-
d|mons|ona||ty' - |ts ro|at|onsh|p to tho ovor-chang|ng dynam|sm ot objocts |n spaco - Kozyrov cou|d not poss|b|y havo boon b||nd to what ho was
actua||y say|ng, tor ho was say|ng that thoro may wo|| bo, or bovo booo, a sc|ont|t|c bas|s to astro|ogy now a|| but torgotton.
1horo was, howovor, ono gon|us |n part|cu|ar, work|ng at tho turn ot tho n|notoonth |nto tho twont|oth contury, and at tho droadtu| momont that tho
do||borato and hoavy hand ot suppross|on ot th|s phys|cs and a|| |ts |mp||cat|ons cou|d c|oar|y bo soon and to|t, who saw |t a|| w|th a porsp|cac|ty
and broathtak|ng v|s|on, and who |nsp|rod tho ottorts ot tho laz|s and 3ov|ots to troo thomso|vos trom that hoavy hand:
l|ko|a 1os|a.
B. ALL ROAD5 LEAD 1O 1E5LA AND NORCAN
Ono nood on|y cons|dor tho consp|cuous obsooco ot 1os|a's namo trom standard phys|cs toxtbooks |n ordor to approc|ato tho tact ot tho
ox|stonco ot th|s h|ddon phys|cs and |ts do||borato suppross|on. lt was ov|dont |n tho pub||c donunc|at|ons ot 0r. lona|d l|chtor and 0r. l|ko|a|
Kozyrov, and tho qu|ot shutt||ng ot tho|r projocts |nto c|ass|t|od obscur|ty and socrocy. 3ut un||ko thoso two gon|usos, w|th l|ko|a 1os|a ono was
doa||ng w|th an ont|ro|y d|ttoront mattor, tor tho man was not on|y oot an obscuro sc|ont|st and ong|noor work|ng qu|ot|y |n h|s |aborator|os on socrot
govornmont projocts, but ho was a t|amboyant and wo||-known pub||c t|guro who do||ghtod |n |argo and oxpons|vo d|nnors |n low York C|ty's t|nost
rostaurants, who ||tora||y o|octr|t|od aud|oncos ot tho r|ch and tamous - |nc|ud|ng such notab|os such as Vark 1wa|n h|mso|t - w|th oxh||arat|ng
pub||c domonstrat|ons ot h|s |nvont|ons, and whoso tamo, qu|to ||tora||y, sproad qu|ck|y wor|dw|do w|th o|octr|ty|ng spood, tor ho |ndood was tho
so|o man rospons|b|o tor o|octr|ty|ng tho wor|d attor an oqua||y tamous contost w|th 1homas Ed|son and h|s t|nanc|a| backor 1.l. Vorgan - a
contost wh|ch 1os|a oas||y and doc|s|vo|y won.
3uch a man cou|d not s|mp|y bo donouncod, nor shutt|od to tho s|do||nos. lor cou|d such a man bo doa|t w|th by moro act|vo moasuros' w|thout
cast|ng a pa|| ot susp|c|on ovor tho u|t|mato porpotrators ot tho dood.
3ut why wou|d 1os|a poso such a prob|om to bog|n w|th?
1. Colorado 8prIngs
1ho answor ||os |n what 1os|a d|scovorod dur|ng h|s tamous oxpor|monts |n Co|orado 3pr|ngs |n tho |ato n|notoonth contury, oxpor|monts wh|ch,
to th|s day, tow phys|c|sts and ong|noors roa||y undorstand, and thoso tow who do quost|on o|thor 1os|a's c|a|ms, h|s ana|ys|s, or both. 1ho roason
tor tho d|tt|cu|ty |n undorstand|ng among somo sc|ont|sts, and tho quost|on|ng att|tudo and skopt|c|sm among othors, ||os |n tho naturo ot what 1os|a
h|mso|t c|a|mod ho had boon ab|o to do. lt |s nocossary to c|to h|s commonts at |ongth:
1owards tho c|oso ot 1808 a systomat|c rosoarch, carr|od on tor a numbor ot yoars wltb tbo objoct o poroctlog o motboo o troosmlssloo o
o|octrlco| ooorgy tbroogb tbo ootoro| moolom, |od mo to rocogn|zo throo |mportant nocoss|t|os: ||rst, to dovo|op a transm|ttor ot groat powor,
socooo, to poroct mooos or loolvlooo|lzlog ooo lso|otlog tbo ooorgy troosmlttoo, ooo tblro, to oscortolo tbo |ows o propogotloo o corroots
tbroogb tbo oortb and tho atmosphoro.
288
1ho Co|orado 3pr|ngs projoct was, |n othor words, tho bog|nn|ng ot 1os|a's now wo||-known |doa ot boam|ng o|octr|ca| powor |tso|t w|thout w|ros.
1h|s |s a|roady a stop wo|| boyond rad|o.
Obsorvo carotu||y, howovor, what 1os|a statos. ln ordor to do th|s, |t was nocossary to
1. construct a k|nd ot transm|ttor ot oxtraord|nary powor,
2. to rondor any w|ro|oss transm|ss|on ot powor pract|ca|, |t was nocossary to bo ab|o to sond and roco|vo a mu|t|tudo ot |nd|v|dua| s|gna|s tor tho
var|ous oqu|pmont and |oca||t|os |t was prosumab|y to sorvo, and thus, a moans had to bo tound to |nd|v|dua||zo and |so|ato' tho transm|ttod
onorgy, much as a rad|o roco|vor can tuno to var|ous troquonc|os to roco|vo d|ttoront s|gna|s, and t|na||y, and most |mportant|y,
8. 1os|a c|oar|y statos that tho natura| mod|um' |tso|t |s to bo tho moans ot propagat|on ot th|s onorgy.
3ut what doos ho moan by natura| mod|um'? 1ho |ntorprotat|on ot th|s ono po|nt |s cruc|a| to tho undorstand|ng ot what ho was roa||y sook|ng |n
Co|orado 3pr|ngs, and |t |s th|s proc|so po|nt ovor wh|ch tho m|sundorstand|ngs, argumonts, and tho skopt|ca| quost|ons, ar|so.
1horo aro throo poss|b|o ways to undorstand 1os|a horo. 1ho t|rst |s to undorstand by natura| mod|um' what 1os|a |ator doc|aros |n tho samo
contoxt: tho atmosphoro, and tho oarth |tso|t. ln tho t|rst |nstanco, tho atmosphoro, 1os|a |s propos|ng ||tt|o moro than a h|gh-powor vors|on ot rad|o.
ln tho socond caso, howovor, |t |s c|oar that ho |s propos|ng somoth|ng rad|ca||y d|ttoront, tor tho oarth |tso|t |s to bo tho transm|ttor. 1h|s
|ntorprotat|on, as wo sha|| d|scovor, | s that wh|ch c|oar|y w||| omorgo trom tho rost ot 1os|a's romarks.
|owovor, thoro |s ono t|na| |ntorprotat|on, tho most rad|ca| ot thom a||, that w||| |oom ovor |argor as wo procood. 1os|a, ||ko many phys|c|sts and
ong|noors ot h|s day, was an ardont bo||ovor |n tho aothor, that |s, |n tho tact that spaco-t|mo |tso|t was a k|nd ot u|tra-t|no mattor upon wh|ch
o|octromagnot|c wavos, and honco onorgy and powor, cou|d r|do. 1os|a, howovor, appoars, un||ko most phys|c|sts and ong|noors ot h|s t|mo, to
havo ho|d tho v|ow that th|s aothor had t|u|d-||ko proport|os, |.o., that |t had tho ab|||ty to bo comprossod or rarot|od, that |s, to bo strossoo. 1h|s w|||
omorgo as a c|oar |mp||cat|on ot h|s Co|orado 3pr|ngs oxpor|monts.
1o soo how, wo roturn to h|s own romarks, to undorstand how ho |ntondod to ut|||zo tho oarth |tso|t as tho transm|tt|ng antonna tor o|octr|ca| powor:
ln tho m|dd|o ot 1uno, wh||o proparat|ons tor othor work woro go|ng on, l arrangod ono ot my roco|v|ng transtormors w|th tho v|ow ot dotorm|n|ng |n a
novo| mannor, oxpor|monta||y, tbo o|octrlc potootlo| o tbo g|obo ooo stooylog tbo porloolc ooo cosoo| |octootloos. 1h|s tormod part ot a p|an
carotu||y mappod out |n advanco. A h|gh|y sons|t|vo, so|t-rostorat|vo dov|co, contro|||ng a rocord|ng |nstrumont, was |nc|udod |n tho socondary
c|rcu|t, wh||o tho pr|mary was connoctod to tho ground and an o|ovatod torm|na| ot adjustab|o capac|ty. 1ho var|at|ons ot potont|a| gavo r|so to
o|octr|c surg|ngs |n tho pr|mary, thoso gonoratod socondary curronts, wh|ch |n turn attoctod tho sons|t|vo dov|co and rocordor |n proport|on to tho|r
| ntons|ty. 7bo oortb wos oooo to bo, |ltoro||y, o|lvo wltb o|octrlco| vlbrotloos, and soon l was doop|y absorbod |n th|s |nvost|gat|on.
280
On conc|us|on ot thoso |nvost|gat|ons, hav|ng d|scovorod that |ndood tho oarth |tso|t was an o|octr|ca||y dynam|c systom, 1os|a conc|udod that
lot on|y was |t pract|cab|o to sond to|ograph|c mossagos to any d|stanco w|thout w|ros, as l rocogn|zod |ong ago, but a|so to |mpross upon tho
ont|ro g|obo tho ta|nt modu|at|ons ot tho human vo|co,
(ln othor words, 1os|a wos th|nk|ng |n torms ot rad|o, but w|th tho ont|ro oarth as h|s transm|tt|ng antonna!)
[but| tar moro st|||, to troosmlt powor, lo oo|lmltoo omooots, to ooy torrostrlo| olstooco ooo o|most wltboot ooy |oss.
240
1os|a thon turnod to tho prob|om ot dovo|op|ng not on|y a powortu| transm|ttor, but ono that cou|d bost bo usod tor a|| thoso d|scroto and d|sparato
purposos. And |t |s proc|so|y horo that tho m|sundorstand|ngs bog|n, tor most ong|noors to th|s day th|nk that 1os|a's magn|ty|ng |mpu|so
transm|ttor' was noth|ng but a 1os|a co|| boam|ng powortu| bo|ts ot o|octr|c|ty |nto tho atmosphoro.
1o soo how d|ttoront was 1os|a's systom than any othor thon bo|ng cons|dorod, ono must |ook c|osor at what ho h|mso|t doscr|bos happonod |n
Co|orado 3pr|ngs. lot|ng tho typ|ca| Co|orado thundorstorms wh|ch tormod ovor tho mounta|ns and thon movod qu|ck|y ovor tho p|a|ns, 1os|a
bog|ns a |ongthy doscr|pt|on ot tho ovonts |oad|ng to h|s d|scovory ot tho mothod ot o|octr|ca||y stross|ng tho oarth |tso|t:
l novor saw t|ro ba||s,
241
but as a componsat|on tor my d|sappo|ntmont l soccooooo |otor lo ootormlolog tbo mooo o tbolr ormotloo ooo
proooclog tbom ortllclo||y.
ln tho |attor part ot tho samo month (1uno) l not|cod sovora| t|mos that my |nstrumonts woro attoctod strongor by d|schargos tak|ng p|aco at groat
d|stancos than by thoso noar by. 1h|s puzz|od mo vory much. What was tho causo? A numbor ot obsorvat|ons provod that |t cou|d not bo duo to tho
d|ttoroncos |n tho |ntons|ty ot tho |nd|v|dua| d|schargos,
242
and l road||y ascorta|nod that tho phonomonon was not tho rosu|t ot a vary|ng ro|at|on
botwoon tho por|ods ot my roco|v|ng c|rcu|ts and thoso ot torrostr|a| d|sturbancos..
lt was on tho th|rd ot 1u|y - tho dato l sha|| novor torgot - whon l obta|nod tho t|rst doc|s|vo oxpor|monta| ov|donco ot a truth ot ovorwho|m|ng
|mportanco tor tho advancomont ot human|ty. A donso mass ot strong|y chargod c|ouds gathorod |n tho wost and towards tho ovon|ng a v|o|ont
storm broko |ooso wh|ch, attor spond|ng much ot |ts tury |n tho mounta|ns, was dr|von away w|th groat vo|oc|ty ovor tho p|a|ns. |oavy and |ong
pors|st|ng arcs tormod a|most |n rogu|ar t|mo |ntorva|s..l was ab|o to hand|o my |nstrumonts qu|ck|y and l was proparod. 7bo rocorolog opporotos
bolog propor|y oojostoo, lts loolcotloos bocomo olotor ooo olotor wltb tbo locrooslog olstooco o tbo storm, ootl| tboy coosoo o|togotbor. l wos
wotcblog lo oogor oxpoctotloo. 5oro|y oooogb, lo o |ltt|o wbl|o tbo loolcotloos ogolo bogoo, growstroogor ooo stroogor ooo, otor posslog
tbroogb o moxlmom, groooo||y oocroosoo ooo coosoo ooco moro. Vooy tlmos, lo rogo|or|y rocorrlog lotorvo|s, tbo somo octloos woro ropootoo
ootl| tbo storm wblcb, os ovlooot rom slmp|o compototloos, wos movlog wltb ooor|y coostoot spooo, boo rotrootoo to o olstooco o oboot tbroo
boooroo kl|omotors. Nor olo tboso stroogo octloos stop tboo, bot cootloooo to moolost tbomso|vos wltb ooolmlolsboo orco.. No ooobt
wbotovor romolooo. l wos obsorvlog stotlooory wovos.

..lmposs|b|o as |t soomod, th|s p|anot, dosp|to |ts vast oxtont, bohavod ||ko a conductor ot ||m|tod d|mons|ons .
248
ln othor words, 1os|a, |n 0owoy- and 0ak|n-||ko tash|on, had obsorvod a cyc|o, and a vory |ntorost|ng ono at that, tor tho cyc|o ho had obsorvod
was a stat|onary wavo,' or, |n modorn par|anco, a stand|ng wavo.' Whon tho oxtromo|y h|gh-vo|tago stat|c o|octr|ca| d|schargos that wo ca||
||ghtn|ng str|ko tho oarth, |t tho rosonanco |s r|ght |t ||tora||y thumps' tho oarth ||ko a kott|o drum, sond|ng an |mpu|so a|| tho way around tho p|anot
somowhat ||ko a so|sm|c wavo trom an oarthquako. l|ko a|| such wavos, |t w||| ovontua||y tado and d|o, thon grow aga|n unt|| |t roturns to tho samo
p|aco and |ntons|ty trom wh|ch |t startod. And th|s gavo h|m tho |doa tor tho w|ro|oss transm|ss|on' ot o|octr|ca| powor.
|owovor, noth|ng cou|d havo boon tarthor trom 1os|a's m|nd than standard rad|o. 1h|s now c|rcu|t |s, ho notod,
Essont|a||y, a c|rcu|t ot vory h|gh so|t-|nduct|on and sma|| ros|stanco wh|ch |n |ts arrangomont, modo ot oxc|tat|on and act|on, moy bo solo to bo tbo
olomotrlco| opposlto o o troosmlttlog clrcolt typlco| o to|ogropby by lortzloo or o|octromogootlc roolotloos.. 7bo o|octromogootlc roolotloos
bolog rooocoo to oo loslgollcoot qoootlty, and propor cond|t|ons ot rosonanco ma|nta|nod, tho c|rcu|t acts ||ko an |mmonso pondu|um, stor|ng
|ndot|n|to|y tho onorgy ot tho pr|mary oxc|t|ng lmpo|sos ooo lmprossloos opoo tbo oortb ooo lts cooooctlog otmospboro oolorm bormoolc
oscl||otloos wh|ch, as actua| tosts havo shown, may bo pushod so tar as to surpass thoso atta|nod |n tho natura| d|sp|ays ot stat|c o|octr|c|ty.
244
1o unpack what ho |s say|ng, ono on|y has to cons|dor tho standard rad|o transm|ss|on arrangomont, sond|ng out ord|nary rad|o wavos. ln th|s
arrangomont, thoro |s an antonna, connoctod to tho ground. 1ho antonna sonds out |ortz|an wavos loto tbo otmospboro, and tho c|rcu|t |s
comp|otod by |ts connoct|on to tho ground. |ortz wavos aro s|m||ar |n naturo to suspond|ng a jump ropo |ooso|y botwoon two poop|o and hav|ng
ono porson jork tho ropo, sond|ng an 3'-shapod wavo s|ow|y to tho othor ond. Vost ot tho onorgy ot tho wavo |s d|ss|patod |n tho |n|t|a| jork|ng'
mot|on, and accord|ng|y, on|y a tract|on ot tho onorgy arr|vos at tho othor porson, tho rost ot tho onorgy bo|ng d|ss|patod by tho up-and-down mot|on
ot tho wavo |tso|t. ln th|s caso, tho jump ropo roprosonts tho oarth's o|octr|ca||y conduct|vo atmosphoro, and tho wavo |n tho ropo roprosonts tho
ord|nary rad|o wavo.
loca|| now what 1os|a statod: h|s c|rcu|t paramotors woro d|amotr|ca||y tbo opposlto ot a standard rad|o' arrangomont, tor |n th|s |nstanco, tho
ro|at|onsh|p ot ground and transm|ttor woro turnod on tho|r hoads, tho oarth, norma||y tho ground |n an o|octr|ca| c|rcu|t, bocamo tho troosmlttor ooo
cooooctlvo moolom, and tho atmosphoro, norma||y tho conduct|vo mod|um, bocamo tho groooo.
24b
Voroovor, |n th|s now arrangomont, tho wavos
woro not |ortz|an at a||, but lmpo|sos, that |s to say, thoy woro |ong|tud|na| wavos ot stross, ot compross|on and rarotact|on, |n tho oarth |tso|t.
1o undorstand tho cruc|a| d|ttoronco botwoon tho two wavos, wo ropoat our jump ropo ana|ogy, on|y th|s t|mo, wo p|aco a yardst|ck botwoon tho
two porsons. Ono porson pushos or pu|sos tho yardst|ck ropoatod|y. lnstantanoous|y, o|| ot tho onorgy ot tho pu|so |s transm|ttod d|roct|y to tho othor
porson. ln th|s caso, tho yardst|ck roprosonts tho oarth, and tho pu|sos tho o|octro-acoust|c |ong|tud|na| wavos 1os|a |s sond|ng.
1h|s |s, to put |t succ|nct|y, a tar cry trom rad|o |n tho standard sonso, tor 1os|a moans not on|y to transm|t s|gna|s by th|s moans, but o|octr|ca|
powor |tso|t, w|thout w|ros, tor tho oarth |tso|t ls tho w|ro.
240
loto a|so what tho oarth |s |n th|s systom: |t |s a h|gh|y ooo-||noar mod|um ot a|most
|nt|n|to o|octr|ca| ros|stanco' to a standard o|octr|ca| curront. 1h|s w||| assumo somo |mportanco as wo procood.
ln any caso, onco hav|ng onv|s|onod th|s rad|ca||y d|ttoront systom, 1os|a wont on to doscr|bo what tor a|| pract|ca| purposos amountod to an
|ntornot':
1ho rosu|ts obta|nod by mo havo mado my schomo ot |nto|||gonco transm|ss|on, tor wh|ch tho namo ot Wor|d 1o|ography' has boon suggostod,
oas||y roa||zab|o..1hus tho ont|ro oarth w||| bo convortod |nto a hugo bra|n, as |t woro, capab|o ot rosponso |n ovory ono ot |ts parts.
247
ln tact, th|s |s an |ntornot' boyond anyth|ng curront|y |mag|nab|o, tor |t has no nood ot w|ros, gatoway computors,' or sato|||tos |n ordor to tunct|on.
ln 1os|a's grand v|s|on, tho oortb tu|t|||s thoso tunct|ons.
2. Wardencly||e
Whon ho roturnod to low York C|ty, 1os|a was roady to put tho schomo |nto commorc|a| tost|ng. And th|s |s whoro 1os|a's d|tt|cu|t|os bogan, and
whoro suppross|on ot tho phys|cs and ong|noor|ng h|s systom roprosontod was c|oar|y ov|dont, tor nood|ng tunds to bu||d a |argo-sca|o vors|on ot
h|s Co|orado 3pr|ngs oxpor|monta| apparatus, 1os|a, as |s now wo|| known, approachod tho Amor|can |ntornat|ona| bankor 1. l|orpont Vorgan tor
a |oan. 0ota|||ng h|s p|an tor a g|oba| systom ot w|ro|oss to|ography,' ovon propos|ng to sond tho human vo|co and actua| p|cturos by |ts moans |n a
k|nd ot torrostr|a| rad|o and to|ov|s|on, Vorgan advancod 1os|a tho tunds. What 1os|a d|d oot rovoa| to Vorgan at th|s juncturo was that ho |ntondod
to transm|t o|octr|ca| powor ltso| by th|s moans, mak|ng ovon h|s own stupondous|y succosstu| systom ot a|tornat|ng curront - tho systom now |n
uso wor|dw|do - obso|oto! 1os|a choso a p|aco on long ls|and, purchasod |and, bu||t a powor p|ant, and a |argo towor. |o ca||od tho p|aco and tho
projoct Wardonc|ytto.'
Untortunato|y tor 1os|a and h|s p|ans, howovor, tho lta||an phys|c|st and ong|noor Gu|g||omo Varcon| - us|ng 1os|a's own dov|cos and |nvont|ons
to boot! - boat h|m to tho punch by transm|tt|ng tho t|rst transat|ant|c rad|o s|gna|, us|ng standard rad|o c|rcu|t arrangomonts and |ortz|an jump
ropo' o|octromagnot|c wavos wh||o 1os|a's projoct was st||| undor construct|on. |acod w|th choapor compot|t|on and a docopt|vo|y s|mp|or, but
much |oss t|ox|b|o, systom, Vorgan throatonod to pu|| tho t|nanc|a| p|ug on tho schomo. lt was thon, tacod w|th tho dom|so ot h|s projoct, that 1os|a
rovoa|od h|s truo |ntont|ons to Vorgan: ho p|annod to boam powor |tso|t through tho oarth to any po|nt on tho g|obo. W|th th|s rovo|at|on, Vorgan olo
pu|| tho p|ug, and 1os|a's grand projoct camo to an ond, and has novor s|nco boon pub||c|y rov|vod.
a. WeaponIzIng Wardencly||e and 8uppressIng the 8calars: 1esla at 1unguska and Morgan at
MIschIe|
Why wou|d Vorgan pu|| tho p|ug on such a schomo, v|rtua||y suppross|ng |t and tho phys|cs |t roprosontod? Attor a||, |t |s s|mp|y not truo moro|y
that ho cou|d not motor' |t and honco mako monoy, tor ho stood to ga|n a groat doa| t|nanc|a||y ott ot wor|owloo roya|ty and ||cons|ng agroomonts tor
tho systom, ovon though such a systom wou|d, adm|ttod|y, havo boon much moro d|tt|cu|t to t|nanc|a||y mon|tor and socuro. 3o wh||o puro and
s|mp|o grood may vory ||ko|y havo boon a tactor |n h|s do||borat|ons, |t probab|y was not tho on|y ono.
What thoso othor mod|t|cat|ons may havo boon woro h|ntod at by 1os|a h|mso|t, and a cur|ous sor|os ot |nc|donts that bogan whon a |ronch sh|p,
tho looo, mystor|ous|y oxp|odod |n 1007, as 1os|a's Wardonc|ytto projoct was |n |ts t|nanc|a| doath throos. ln an op-od p|oco wr|tton that Varch to
tho od|tor ot tho NowYork 7lmos, 1os|a h|ntod at tho woapon|zat|on potont|a| ot h|s Co|orado 3pr|ngs d|scovor|os and Wardonc|ytto projoct:
As to projoct|ng wavo-onorgy to any part|cu|ar rog|on ot tho g|obo, l havo g|von a c|oar doscr|pt|on ot tho moans |n tochn|ca| pub||cat|ons. lot on|y
can th|s bo dono by tho moans ot my dov|cos, but tho spot at wh|ch tho dos|rod ottoct |s to bo producod can bo ca|cu|atod vory c|oso|y, ossomlog
tbo occoptoo torrostrlo| moosoromoots to bo corroct. 1h|s, ot courso, |s not tho caso. Up to th|s day wo do not know a d|amotor ot tho g|obo w|th|n
ono thousand toot. Vy w|ro|oss p|ant w||| onab|o mo to dotorm|no |t w|th|n t|tty toot or |oss, whon |t w||| bo poss|b|o to roct|ty many goodot|ca| data
and mako such ca|cu|at|ons as thoso rotorrod to w|th groator accuracy.
248
A yoar |ator |n 1008, tho |nvontor was |oss guardod |n h|s words:
Whon l spoko ot tuturo wartaro l moant that |t shou|d bo conductod by d|roct app||cat|on ot o|octr|ca| wavos w|thout tho uso ot aor|a| ong|nos or othor
|mp|omonts ot dostruct|on. 1h|s moans, as l po|ntod out, wou|d bo |doa|, tor not on|y wou|d tho onorgy ot war roqu|ro no ottort tor tho ma|ntonanco ot
|ts potont|a||ty, but |t wou|d bo product|vo |n t|mos ot poaco. 1h|s |s not a droam. Evon now w|ro|oss powor p|ants cou|d bo constructod by wh|ch any
rog|on ot tho g|obo m|ght bo rondorod un|nhab|tab|o w|thout subjoct|ng tho popu|at|on ot othor parts to sor|ous dangor or |nconvon|onco.
240
1hoso words woro pub||shod |n tho NowYork 7lmos on Apr|| 28, 1008. 3oar that dato |n m|nd, bocauso |t w||| bocomo h|gh|y s|gn|t|cant |n a
momont. ln any caso, |t |s a|so c|oar that 1os|a's w|ro|oss transm|ss|on ot powor was ooo ooo tbo somo tocboo|ogy os o borrlb|o woopoo o moss
oostroctloo. And th|s ra|sos an om|nous sor|os ot quost|ons: |ad 1.l. Vorgan pu||od h|s t|nanc|a| back|ng ot tho projoct not out ot grood, but,
porhaps mot|vatod by somo socrot sc|ont|t|c adv|sor's caut|onary warn|ngs, had ho pu||od h|s t|nanc|a| back|ng bocauso ho d|d not w|sh to soo
tochno|ogy w|th such dostruct|vo potont|a| |n tho pr|vato hands ot a sc|ont|st wo|| known tor vory odd and occontr|c bohav|or? Woro Vorgan's
mot|vat|ons u|t|mato|y a|tru|st|c? Or, convorso|y, d|d ho want to dovo|op tho tochno|ogy tor such purposos socrot|y h|mso|t, and by moans ot |ts
potont|a| uso, ostab||sh a wor|d mastory tor h|mso|t and h|s own c|ass?
1o put |t succ|nct|y, as w|th tho prosonco ot tho V|tsub|sh| bank oconom|st |n tho momborsh|p ro|os ot tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os, or
tho pocu||ar |nvost|gat|ons ot lCA ong|noor 1.|. lo|son, th|s |s tho tblro c|oar |nstanco ot a major corporat|on, socuro |n |ts own monotary tomp|o,
show|ng a c|oar |ntorost, t|rst |n tho dovo|opmont ot a doop phys|cs, a rad|ca||y d|ttoront phys|cs, and now, tho t|rst c|oar |nd|cat|on ot a do||borato
act ot t|nanc|a| sabotago ot tho samo phys|cs! 1h|s pattorn w||| on|y bocomo moro and moro acuto as wo procood throughout th|s book.
3ut |n that vory samo art|c|o, 1os|a makos c|oar that ho has soon boyond h|s own systom ot us|ng tho oarth |tso|t as an antonna to an ovoo
ooopor undor|y|ng phys|cs, a phys|cs ho d|d oot d|sc|oso at tho t|mo to Vorgan but wh|ch now, dosporato tor t|nanc|a| support tor h|s projoct, ho
now d|sc|osod pub||c|y |n tho pagos ot tho NowYork 7lmos.
What l sa|d |n rogard to tho groatost ach|ovomont ot tho man ot sc|onco whoso m|nd |s bont upon tho mastory ot tho phys|ca| un|vorso, was noth|ng
moro than what l statod |n ono ot my unpub||shod addrossos, trom wh|ch l quoto: Accord|ng to an adoptod thoory, ovory pondorab|o atom |s
d|ttoront|atod trom a tonuous t|u|d, t||||ng a|| spaco moro|y by sploolog motloo, os o wblr| o wotor lo o co|m |oko. By bolog sot lo movomoot tbls
|olo, tbo otbor, bocomos gross mottor. lts movomoot orrostoo, tbo prlmory sobstooco rovorts to lts oormo| stoto. lt oppoors, tboo, posslb|o or
moo tbroogb boroossoo ooorgy o tbo moolom ooo soltob|o ogooclos or stortlog ooo stopplog otbor wblr|s to cooso mottor to orm ooo
olsoppoor. At h|s command, a|most w|thout ottort on h|s part, o|d wor|ds wou|d van|sh and now onos wou|d spr|ng |nto bo|ng. lo coo|o o|tor tbo
slzo o tbls p|ooot, cootro| lts soosoos, oojost lts olstooco rom tbo soo, goloo lt oo lts otoroo| joorooy o|oog ooy potb bo mlgbt cbooso tbroogb
tbo ooptbs o tbo oolvorso. lo coo|o moko p|ooots co||loo ooo proooco bls soos ooo stors, bls boot ooo |lgbt, bo coo|o orlglooto |lo lo o|| lts
lololto orms. 7o cooso ot wl|| tbo blrtb ooo oootb o mottor woo|o bo moo`s groooost oooo, wblcb woo|o glvo blm tbo mostory o pbyslco|
crootloo, moko blm o|l|| bls o|tlmoto oostloy.
2b0
loto now that by mod|um' 1os|a no |ongor moans s|mp|y tho oarth |tso|t, but tho aothor. And notab|y, ho v|ows atoms thomso|vos as but
vort|cu|ar structuros - rotat|ng, tors|on-basod systoms - lo that aothor. lt Vorgan had any doubts |n 1007 about tho potont|a|s - both dostruct|vo
and construct|vo - ot 1os|a's systom and tho phys|cs |t ombod|od, thoso doubts woro c|oar|y d|spo||od a yoar |ator by 1os|a h|mso|t |n 7bo Now
York 7lmos.
loto a|so that 1os|a, by v|ow|ng tho phys|ca| mod|um |n th|s tors|on-basod tash|on, has a|so c|oar|y soon ono |mp||cat|on: tho aothor |tso|t was a
transmutat|vo, o|cbomlco| |ntormat|on-croat|ng mod|um, a mod|um wh|ch, as |ntormat|on-croat|ng, was |n a stato ot non-oqu|||br|um and brokon
symmotry. 1hus, w|th tho propor structur|ng ot that tors|on potont|a|,' by ooglooorlog lt, ono cou|d ||tora||y a|tor tho s|zo and mass ot tho oarth or any
othor co|ost|a| body at w|||, tor thoso bod|os woro thomso|vos wh|r|s |n tho aothor.' 3ma|| wondor thon that ho, ||ko 0rs. l|chtor and Kozyrov attor
h|m, was croat|ng ba|| ||ghtn|ng and thoroby study|ng p|asmas and o|octr|ca| shocks, tor ||ko thom, ho has soon tho much doopor phys|cs ot tho
phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t, and ||ko thom, ho has d|scovorod tho bas|c mothod ot man|pu|at|ng and ong|noor|ng |t through o|octr|ca| pu|sos or
|ong|tud|na| wavos, and through rotat|on. And ||ko thom and tho|r laz| and Commun|st mastors, ho has soon tho tu|| rango ot |ts construct|vo and
dostruct|vo |mp||cat|ons. ln th|s, and w|thout tho s||ghtost oxaggorat|on, h|s v|ows ot phys|cs gavo a so||d bas|s to a vory anc|ont psoudo-sc|onco:
a|chomy.
3ut why |s tho t|m|ng ot 1os|a's announcomont so s|gn|t|cant?
Ono rosoarchor who askod th|s quost|on was O||vor l|cho|son:
1ho quost|on roma|ns ot whothor 1os|a domonstratod tho woapons app||cat|on ot h|s powor transm|ss|on systom. C|rcumstant|a| ov|donco tound |n
tho chrono|ogy ot 1os|a's work and t|nanc|a| tortunos botwoon 1000 and 1008 po|nts to thoro hav|ng boon a tost ot th|s woapon.
2b1
loca|| that 1os|a's t|rst vo||od h|nts ot tho woapon|zat|on potont|a| ot h|s w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on systom woro statod |n 1007 and c|oar|y
oxprossod by Apr|| 1008. lough|y two months |ator, on 1uno 80, 1008, a mass|vo oxp|os|on occurrod ovor 1unguska, luss|a, |n 3|bor|a.
An oxp|os|on ost|matod to bo oqu|va|ont to 10-1b mogatons ot 1l1
2b2
t|attonod b00,000 acros ot p|no torost noar tho 3tony 1unguska l|vor
|n contra| 3|bor|a. Who|o hords ot ro|ndoor woro dostroyod. 1ho oxp|os|on was hoard ovor a rad|us ot 020 m||os. Whon an oxpod|t|on was
mado to tho aroa |n 1027 to t|nd ov|donco ot tho motoor|to prosumod to havo causod tho b|ast, no |mpact crator was tound. Whon tho
ground was dr|||od tor p|ocos ot n|cko|, |ron, or stono, tho ma|n const|tuonts ot motoor|tos, nono woro tound down to a dopth ot 118 toot.
2b8
Vany oxp|anat|ons havo boon g|von tor tho 1unguska ovont. 1ho ott|c|a||y accoptod vors|on |s that a 100,000-ton tragmont ot Encko's
Comot, composod ma|n|y ot dust and |co, ontorod tho atmosphoro at 02,000 m.p.h., hoatod up, and oxp|odod ovor tho oarth's surtaco
croat|ng a t|roba|| and shock wavo but no crator. A|tornat|vo vors|ons ot tho d|sastor soo a ronogado m|n|-b|ack ho|o or an a||on spaco sh|p
crash|ng |nto tho oarth
2b4
w|th tho rosu|t|ng ro|oaso ot onorgy.
2bb
As was a|roady soon, 1os|a had two short months oar||or spo||od out tho woapon|zat|on potont|a| ot h|s magn|ty|ng transm|ttor dov|co and |ts
undor|y|ng doop phys|cs vory c|oar|y.
Vany yoars |ator |n 1084, accord|ng to a |ottor unoarthod by 1os|a b|ographor Vargarot Chonoy, tho |nvontor onco aga|n wroto 1.l. Vorgan:
1ho t|y|ng mach|no has comp|oto|y domora||zod tho wor|d, so much so that |n somo c|t|os, as london and lar|s, poop|o aro |n morta| toar trom
aor|a| bomb|ng. 1ho now moans l havo portoctod attords abso|uto protoct|on aga|nst th|s and othor torms ot attack. 7boso oowolscovorlos l
bovo corrloo oot oxporlmooto||y oo o |lmltoo sco|o, crootoo o prooooo lmprossloo.
2b0
At th|s po|nt ono m|ght ask, what promptod tho |ottor? Was |t spontanoous on 1os|a's part? Or a rop|y to an |nqu|ry trom tho t|nanc|or? Whatovor |ay
boh|nd th|s strango corrospondonco, occurr|ng yoars attor tho t|nanc|or had sovorod h|s connoct|on w|th 1os|a and a|| but supprossod tho
Wardonc|ytto w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on projoct, tho corrospondonco |s odd to say tho |oast.
lts |mp||cat|ons howovor, aro c|oar. 1os|a's romarks |n tho NowYork 7lmos |n 1008, tho samo yoar as tho ovont, and h|s |ottor yoars |ator |n 1084
to Vorgan, po|nt to a c|rcumstant|a| caso that ho |ndood tostod tho woapon|zat|on potont|a| ot h|s w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on on a romoto
w||dornoss rog|on, a rog|on whoro thoro wou|d bo sutt|c|ont obsorvat|on ot tho ovont trom a d|stanco, but no |oss ot human ||to. lndood, |n puro|y
|oga| torms, ho had tho mot|vo and tho moans to causo tho 1unguska ovont. ||s transm|ttor cou|d gonorato onorgy |ovo|s and troquonc|os capab|o
ot ro|oas|ng tho dostruct|vo torco ot 10 mogatons, or moro, ot 1l1. And tho ovor|ookod gon|us was dosporato.'
2b7
3ut as l|cho|son a|so obsorvos, tho naturo ot tho 1unguska oxp|os|on |s a|so ont|ro|y cons|stont w|th what wou|d happon
w|th tho suddon ro|oaso ot w|ro|oss powor. lo t|ory objoct was roportod |n tho sk|os at that t|mo by protoss|ona| or amatour astronomors as wou|d
bo oxpoctod whon a 200,000,000-pound objoct ontors tho atmosphoro at tons ot thousands ot m||os an hour. A|so, tho t|rst roportors, trom tho town
ot 1omsk, to roach tho aroa judgod tho stor|os about a body ta|||ng trom tho sky was tho rosu|t ot tho |mag|nat|on ot an |mpross|onab|o poop|o. |o
notod thoro was cons|dorab|o no|so com|ng trom tho oxp|os|on, but no stonos to||. 1ho absonco ot an |mpact crator can bo oxp|a|nod by thoro
hav|ng boon no mator|a| body to |mpact. An oxp|os|on causod by broadcast powor wou|d not |oavo a crator.
ln contrast to tho |co comot co|||s|on thoory, roports ot uppor-atmosphoro and magnot|c d|sturbancos com|ng trom othor parts ot tho wor|d at tho
t|mo ot and just attor tho 1unguska ovont po|nt to mass|vo changos |n oarth's o|octr|ca| cond|t|on. 3axtor and Atk|ns c|to |n tho|r study ot tho
oxp|os|on, 7bo llro Como By, that tho 7lmos ot london od|tor|a||zod about s||ght, but p|a|n|y markod, d|sturbancos ot.magnots'..
ln 3or||n, tho NowYork 7lmos ot 1u|y 8
rd
roportod unusua| co|ors |n tho ovon|ng sk|os thought to bo lorthorn l|ghts.Vass|vo g|ow|ng s||vory
c|ouds' covorod 3|bor|a and northorn Europo. A sc|ont|st |n |o||and to|d ot an undu|at|ng mass' mov|ng across tho northwost hor|zon. lt soomod to
h|m not to bo a c|oud, but tho sky |tso|t soomod to undu|ato.' A woman north ot london wroto tho london 7lmos that on m|dn|ght ot 1u|y 1
st
tho sky
g|owod so br|ght|y |t was poss|b|o to road |argo pr|nt |ns|do hor houso. A motooro|og|ca| obsorvor |n Eng|and rocountod on tho n|ghts ot 1uno 80
th
and 1u|y 1
st
: A strong orango-yo||ow ||ght bocamo v|s|b|o |n tho north and northoast. caus|ng an unduo pro|ongat|on ot tw|||ght |ast|ng to daybroak
on 1u|y 1
st
. 1horo was a comp|oto absonco ot sc|nt|||at|on or t||ckor|ng, and no tondoncy tor tho tormat|on ot stroamors, or a |um|nous arch,
charactor|st|c ot aurora| phonomona..1w|||ght on both ot thoso n|ghts was pro|ongod to daybroak, and thoro was no roa| darknoss.'
.
Whon 1os|a usod h|s h|gh-powor transm|ttor as a d|roctod-onorgy woapon ho drast|ca||y a|torod tho norma| o|octr|ca| cond|t|on ot tho oarth. 3y
mak|ng tho o|octr|ca| chargo ot tho p|anot v|brato |n tuno w|th h|s transm|ttor ho was ab|o to bu||d up o|octr|c t|o|ds that attoctod compassos and
causod tho uppor atmosphoro to bohavo ||ko tho gas-t|||od |amps |n h|s |aboratory. |o had turnod tho ont|ro g|obo |nto a s|mp|o o|octr|ca|
componont that ho cou|d contro|.
2b8
3ut was a s|mp|o' w|ro|oss transm|ss|on ot powor o|| that was |nvo|vod |n tho oxp|os|on? Attor a||, wo havo a|roady tound 0rs. l|chtor and
Kozyrov quost|on|ng tho standard modo|s ot thormonuc|oar tus|on, and 1os|a h|mso|t by 1008, c|oar|y soo|ng a doopor phys|cs ot tho mod|um |tso|t,
was |nvo|vod |n h|s own w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on pr|nc|p|os.
Voro |mportant|y, t|atton|ng an aroa ot b00,000 acros |s oqu|va|ont to t|atton|ng an aroa ot 781.2b squaro ml|os, or rough|y an aroa ot a squaro
boundod by s|dos a|most 28 m||os |ong! 3o somo othor mochan|sm m|ght bo |n p|ay, and 1os|a has a|roady to|d us what |t m|ght havo boon: wh|r|s
|n tho aothor |tso|t - torsloo, rototloo.
|owovor, 1os|a had torosoon ovon turthor po||t|ca| |mp||cat|ons tor h|s systom, and |t |s worth c|t|ng h|m at |ongth:
1hrough tho un|vorsa| adopt|on ot th|s systom, |doa| cond|t|ons tor tho ma|ntonanco ot |aw and ordor w||| bo roa||zod, or tboo tbo ooorgy oocossory
to tbo ooorcomoot o rlgbt ooo jostlco wl|| bo oormo||y proooctlvo, yot (potootlo||y) ooo lo ooy momoot ovol|ob|o, or ottock ooo ooooso. 1ho
powor transm|ttod nood not bo nocossar||y dostruct|vo, or l oxlstooco ls mooo to oopooo opoo lt, lts wltborowo| or sopp|y wl|| brlog oboot tbo
somo roso|ts os tboso oowoccomp|lsboo by orco o orms.
Bot wboo ooovoloob|o, tbo somo ogoot moy bo osoo to oostroy proporty ooo |lo. 1ho art |s a|roady so tar dovo|opod that groat dostruct|vo
ottocts can bo producod at any po|nt on tho g|obo, dotorm|nod botorohand and w|th groat accuracy. ln v|ow ot th|s l havo not thought |t hazardous to
prod|ct a tow yoars ago that tho wars ot tho tuturo w||| not bo wagod w|th oxp|os|vos but w|th o|octr|ca| moans.
2b0
lo otbor woros, |lko tbo goos' o oxtromo|y oocloot tlmos,
200
7os|o sowlo bls tocboo|ogy o wlro|oss powor troosmlssloo o mooos o wor|o
mostory ooo bogomooy, wboso lmp|loo tbroot o wltborowo| o occoss, or ovoo worso, tbo lmp|loo tbroot o lts oostroctlvo woopoolzoo
oop|oymoot, woo|o coorco comp|looco to wbotovor wor|o oroor os possossoo, mooopo|lzoo, ooo oop|oyoo lt. 5ocb stotomoots coo|o boro|y
bovo gooo ooootlcoo by 7os|o`s ormor loooclo| bockor, 1.P. Vorgoo.
3ut whatovor Vorgan's |ntorost may havo boon, toro|gn nat|ons woro most corta|n|y a|so watch|ng thoso statomonts carotu||y. As O||vor l|cho|son
notos, tho Amor|can mod|a carr|od many stor|os ot doath ray' rosoarch bo|ng conductod lo tbo woko o 7os|o`s stotomoots to tbo NowYork 7lmos
|n luss|a,
201
|ranco,
202
and Groat 3r|ta|n.
208
ln tho |ast |nstanco, 1os|a b|ographor 1ohn 1. O'lo||| notod |n an unpub||shod chaptor to h|s co|obratod b|ography ot tho |nvontor, Proolgo|
Ooolos, that whon ho quor|od tho ong|noor about h|s w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on tochno|ogy and |ts woapon|zat|on potont|a|, 1os|a bocamo vory
ro|uctant to spoak about |t |n any dota||. 3ut |ator, 1os|a d|d ottor somo |ntorost|ng |ntormat|on:
3omowhat |ator l |oarnod tho roason tor 1os|a's ro|uctanco to d|scuss tho dota||s. 1h|s camo short|y attor 3tan|oy 3a|dw|n rop|acod lov|||o
Chambor|a|n as lr|mo V|n|stor ot Groat 3r|ta|n [s|c|.
1os|a rovoa|od that ho had carr|od on nogot|at|ons w|th lr|mo V|n|stor Chambor|a|n tor tho sa|o ot h|s ray systom to Groat 3r|ta|n tor
$80,000,000 on tho bas|s ot h|s prosontat|on that tho dov|co wou|d prov|do comp|oto protoct|on tor tho 3r|t|sh ls|os aga|nst any onomy approach|ng
by soa or a|r, and wou|d prov|do an ottons|vo woapon to wh|ch thoro was no dotonso. |o was conv|ncod, ho doc|arod, ot tho s|ncor|ty ot Vr.
Chambor|a|n and h|s |ntont to adopt tho dov|co as |t wou|d havo provontod tho outbroak ot tho thon throaton|ng war, and wou|d havo mado poss|b|o
tho cont|nuat|on - undor tho duross wh|ch th|s woapon wou|d havo mado poss|b|o - ot tho work|ng agroomont |nvo|v|ng |ranco, Gormany and
3r|ta|n to ma|nta|n tho status quo |n Europo. Whon Chambor|a|n ta||od, at tho Vun|ch contoronco, to rota|n th|s stato ot Europoan oqu|||br|um |t was
nocossary to got r|d ot Chambor|a|n and |nsta|| a now lr|mo V|n|stor who cou|d mako tho ottort to sh|tt ono cornor ot tho tr|ang|o trom Gormany to
luss|a. 3a|dw|n tound no v|rtuo |n 1os|a's p|an and poromptor||y ondod nogot|at|ons.
204
|owovor, thoro |s a |argo |oom|ng prob|om ovor hovor|ng ovor thoso assort|ons, and that |s s|mp|y tho soquonco ot h|stor|ca| tacts.
lov|||o Chambor|a|n roma|nod lr|mo V|n|stor unt|| tho laz| |nvas|on ot tho low Countr|os and |ranco |n Vay ot 1040, and d|d oot, as |s a||ogod,
stop as|do tor 3tan|oy 3a|dw|n to roturn to 3r|ta|n's prom|orsh|p attor tho Vun|ch Contoronco ot 1088. ln tact, Chambor|a|n roma|nod, ovon attor
Church||| had rop|acod h|m, on Church|||'s War Cab|not unt|| h|s doath a tow months |ator trom cancor. 1ho ont|ro soquonco ot ovonts |s wrong, tor |t
was Chambor|a|n who had rop|acod Bo|owlo as pr|mo m|n|stor |n 1087. And |n any caso, |t |s un||ko|y that Chambor|a|n, who pursuod a po||cy ot
appoasomont w|th laz| Gormany, wou|d havo boon |ntorostod |n a woapon ot mass dostruct|on that, had tho Gormans caught w|nd ot tho p|an as
thoy |nov|tab|y wou|d havo, wou|d havo oxacorbatod tons|ons botwoon tho two nat|ons ovon moro.
3ut nood ono d|scard thoso a||ogat|ons moro|y tor tho prosonco ot th|s (adm|ttod|y whopp|ng) h|stor|ca| m|stako?
lorhaps not, tor |t |s poss|b|o that O'lo||| |s s|mp|y rocord|ng accurato|y what 7os|o to|d h|m, and 1os|a, thon a|roady a vory o|d man, m|ght havo
not romomborod th|ngs |n tho|r proc|so soquonco, contus|ng Cbombor|olo w|th Bo|owlo. On th|s road|ng, adm|ttod|y on|y a poss|b|||ty, 1os|a's doa|
was bo|ng nogot|atod w|th 3tan|oy 3a|dw|n, and tho doa| was subsoquont|y scrubbod by Chambor|a|n on h|s assumpt|on ot tho prom|orsh|p and |n
tho |ntorosts ot appoasomont.
A|| th|s |s mont|onod bocauso, ot courso, thoro |s ono country consp|cuous|y obsoot trom tho prov|ous ro|| ca|| ot countr|os |nvo|vod w|th doath
ray' rosoarch |n tho 1020s: Gormany. |owovor, as rosoarchor O||vor l|cho|son obsorvos, tho Gormans woro |ndood work|ng on such a woapon, tor
tho Cblcogo 7rlbooo roportod tho to||ow|ng |ntorost|ng ||tt|o story:
3or||n - 1hat tho Gorman Govornmont has an |nvont|on ot doath rays that w||| br|ng down a|rp|anos, ha|t tanks on tho batt|ot|o|ds, ru|n automob||o
motors, and sproad a curta|n ot doath ||ko tho gas c|ouds ot tho rocont war was tho |ntormat|on g|von to lo|chstag mombors by |orr Wu||o, ch|ot ot
tho m|||tar|sts |n that body. lt |s |oarnod that throo |nvont|ons havo boon portoctod |n Gormany tor tho samo purposo and havo boon patontod.
20b
3o|t-ov|dont|y, such stor|os aboundod |n tho 1020s |n tho wako ot 1os|a's pronouncomonts, but thoro aro sound roasons to tako thom sor|ous|y,
ospoc|a||y |n tho caso ot Gormany.
Undor tho torms ot tho vorsa|||os 1roaty, Gormany was proh|b|tod trom dovo|opmont ot hoavy art|||ory ovor corta|n ca||bors, and abso|uto|y
proh|b|tod trom hav|ng tanks or ovon an a|r torco, and |ts stand|ng army was ||m|tod to a moro 100,000 mon. |owovor, tho 1roaty d|d not proh|b|t
dovo|opmont ot thoso typos ot woapons, and thus |t |s |og|ca| to assumo that Gormany |n part|cu|ar wou|d sook to do a tochno|og|ca| ond-run
around tho rostr|ct|ons ot tho troaty.
200
Evon moro |ntorost|ng, howovor, |s tho tact that l|cho|son roports that ono 3r|t|sh rosoarchor a||ogod|y |nvo|vod |n tho dovo|opmont ot such
systoms, 1.|. |am||, obsorvod that tho Gorman systom was basod on an ont|ro|y d|ttoront pr|nc|p|o' than thoso |n ov|donco |n othor roports.
207
Wh||o |am|| oxp||c|t|y statos that h|s own doath ray' |s basod on 1os|a's Co|orado 3pr|ngs w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on oxpor|monts,
208
|t |s a|so
|ntorost|ng that |t appoars that ho mlslotorprotoo tho naturo ot thoso oxpor|monts, tor ho bu||t a |argo 1os|a co|| and was apparont|y attompt|ng to
boam powor by |ts moans through tho atmosphoro, tho oxact opposlto, |t w||| bo roca||od, ot what 1os|a was try|ng to do. 1h|s makos h|s statomonts
a|| that much moro |ntorost|ng, tor by pursu|ng an ont|ro|y d|ttoront pr|nc|p|o' woro tho Gormans |n tact us|ng tho oortb as tho transm|ttor, and tho
atmosphoro as tho ground, as 1os|a h|mso|t |nd|catod? Wo w||| novor know, but |t |s |ntorost|ng to noto that whatovor thoy woro do|ng, |t was not tho
samo as what ovoryono o|so was do|ng, accord|ng to |am||.
200
b. Lt. Col. 1om Bearden on 8calar Resonance
3ut what ls proc|so|y tho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon 1os|a's uso ot tho oarth |tso|t as h|s transm|ttor, and tho tar moro dangorous |doa ho h|mso|t
suggosts, that such stand|ng wavos' as ho obsorvod at Co|orado 3pr|ngs, cou|d bo usod as a moans ot ong|noor|ng and man|pu|at|ng tho phys|ca|
mod|um |tso|t tor whatovor purposo, construct|vo or dostruct|vo?
1ho answors to th|s quost|on aro prov|dod |n corta|n suggost|vo statomonts 1os|a mado |n a tr|a| transcr|pt dur|ng a tr|a| |n low York stato. 1os|a,
now |n d|ro t|nanc|a| stra|ts attor 1.l. Vorgan stoppod a|| turthor back|ng ot tho Wardonc|ytto w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on projoct, had g|von tho
dood ot h|s Wardonc|ytto proporty to tho ownor ot a hoto| whoro ho ros|dod as socur|ty |n roturn tor h|m bo|ng a||owod to room |n tho hoto|. Whon
1os|a was unab|o to pay tho hoto| b||| tho ownor natura||y onough toroc|osod on tho proporty, w|nn|ng a judgmont aga|nst 1os|a. 1os|a appoa|od tho
caso, and |t |s th|s transcr|pt that conta|ns somo |ntorost|ng doscr|pt|ons ot tho Wardonc|ytto proporty by 1os|a, and somo ovon moro |ntorost|ng
a||us|ons to tho phys|cs proport|os ho thought to bo boh|nd |t. l c|to tho transcr|pt at |ongth:
By Vr. lowklos.

O. Woro thoro any othor structuros upon tho prom|sos othor than that br|ck tactory or |aboratory wh|ch you havo just doscr|bod?
A. (1os|a spoak|ng) Yos s|r, thoro was tho structuro wh|ch |n a corta|n sonso was tho most |mportant structuro, bocauso tho powor p|ant was on|y
an accossory to |t. 1hat was tho towor.
O. l|oaso doscr|bo tho towor as to d|mons|ons and mator|a| and mothod ot construct|on and k|nd ot construct|on?
Vr. |ordham: Wo ronow our objoct|on, |t tho Court p|oaso. 1h|s |s ont|ro|y |mmator|a|, |rro|ovant and |ncompotont unt|| attor thoy havo succoodod
|n ostab||sh|ng tho|r contont|on that tho dood |s a mortgago.
1ho lotoroo: l w||| tako |t.
Vr. |ordham: Excopt|on.
A. 1ho towor was 187 toot h|gh trom tho baso to tho top. lt was bu||t ot spoc|a| t|mbor and |t was bu||t |n such a way that ovory st|ck cou|d bo takon
out at any t|mo and rop|acod |t |t was nocossary. 1ho dos|gn ot tho towor was a mattor ot cons|dorab|o d|tt|cu|ty. lt was mado |n tho shapo ot an
octagon and pyram|da| torm tor strongth and was support|ng what l havo tormod |n my sc|ont|t|c art|c|os a torm|na|.

3y tho lotoroo:
O. 1horo was a sort ot g|obo at tho top?
A. Yos. 1hat, your |onor, was on|y tho carry|ng out ot a d|scovory l mado that any amount ot o|octr|c|ty w|th|n roason cou|d bo storod provlooo
yoo moko lt o o cortolo sbopo. E|octrlcloos ovoo toooy oo oot opprocloto tbot yot. 3ut that construct|on onab|od mo to produco w|th th|s sma||
p|ant many t|mos tho ottoct that cou|d bo producod by an ord|nary p|ant ot a hundrod t|mos tho s|zo. And th|s g|obo, tho tramowork was a|| spoc|a||y
shapod, that |s tho g|rdors had to bo bont |n shapo and |t wo|ghod about bb tons.

3y Vr. |awk|ns:
O. Ot what was |t constructod?
A. Ot stoo|, a|| tho g|rdors bo|ng spoc|a||y bont |nto shapo.
O. Was tho towor that supportod |t ont|ro|y constructod ot wood or part|y ot stoo|?
A. 1hat part a|ono on top was ot stoo|. 1ho towor was a|| t|mbors and ot courso tho t|mbors woro ho|d togothor by spoc| a||y-shapod stoo| p|atos.
1ho lotoroo: 3racos?
1ho W|tnoss: Yos, stoo| p|atos. l had to construct |t th|s way tor tochn|ca| roasons.
1ho lotoroo: Wo aro not |ntorostod |n that.
O. Was tho towor onc|osod or opon?
A. 1ho towor, at tho t|mo ot tho oxocut|on ot th|s dood, was opon, but l havo photographs to show how |t |ookod oxact|y and how |t wou|d havo
|ookod t|n|shod.
O. Attor you do||vorod tho dood was tho towor ovor onc|osod?
A. lo, |t was just opon.
O. low tho domo or torm|na| at tho top, was that onc|osod?
A. lo s|r.
O. lovor onc|osod?
A. lovor onc|osod, no.
O. loo tbot stroctoro ovor booo comp|otoo
A. 7bo stroctoro so or, l l oooorstooo tbo torms rlgbt, yos, tbo stroctoro wos o|| comp|otoo bot tbo occossorlos woro oot p|ocoo oo lt yot. lor
lostooco tbot g|obo tboro wos to bo covoroo wltb spoclo||y prossoo p|otos. 7boso p|otos -
O. 7bot boo oot booo oooo, boo lt
A. 7bot boo oot booo oooo, o|tboogb l boo lt o|| proporoo. l boo proporoo ovorytblog, l boo ooslgooo ooo proporoo ovorytblog, bot lt wos oot
oooo.
270
O. Was tho structuro ot tho towor |n any mannor connoctod w|th tho br|ck bu||d|ng or powor p|ant?
A. 1ho towor was soparato.
O. l undorstand, but was thoro any connoct|on botwoon thom?
A. 1horo woro ot courso two channo|s. Ono was tor commun|cat|ng, tor br|ng|ng |nto tho towor comprossod a|r and wator and such th|ngs as l
m|ght havo noodod tor oporat|ons, and tho othor ono was to br|ng |n tho o|octr|c ma|ns.

3y tho lotoroo:
O. lo oroor to oo tbot tboro wos, os o mottor o oct, wos tboro oot, o wo||-|lko sbot golog oowo rlgbt lo tbo mloo|o o tbo towor loto tbo groooo
somo 50 or 00 oot
A. Yos. Yoo soo tbo oooorgroooo work ls ooo o tbo most oxpooslvo ports o tbo towor. lo tbls systom tbot l bovo lovootoo lt ls oocossory |or
the machIne to get a grIp o| the earth, otherwIse It cannot shake the earth. lt has to have a grIp on the earth so that the whole o| thIs
globe can quIver, ooo to oo tbot lt ls oocossory to corry oot o vory oxpooslvo coostroctloo. Bot l woot to soy tbls oooorgroooo work bo|oogs to
tbo towor.

3y Vr. |awk|ns:
O. Anyth|ng that was thoro, to|| us about.
A. 1horo was, as your |onor statos, a b|g shatt about ton by two|vo toot, goos about 120 toot and th|s was t|rst covorod w|th t|mbor and tho |ns|do
w|th stoo| and |n tho contor ot th|s thoro was a w|nd|ng sta|rs go|ng down and |n tho contor ot tho sta|rs thoro was a b|g shatt aga|n through wh|ch
tho curront was to pass, ooo tbls sbot wos so lgoroo lo oroor to to|| oxoct|y wboro tbo oooo| polot ls, so tbot l coo|o co|co|oto ovory polot o
olstooco. lor lostooco l coo|o co|co|oto oxoct|y tbo slzo o tbo oortb or tbo olomotor o tbo oortb ooo moosoro lt oxoct|y wltblo oor oot wltb tbot
mocbloo.
O. And that was a nocossary appurtonanco to your towor?
A. Abso|oto|y oocossory. And thon tho roa| oxpons|vo work was to connoct that contra| part w|th tho oarth, and thoro l had spoc|a| mach|nos
r|ggod up wh|ch wou|d push tho |ron p|pos, ono |ongth attor anothor, and l pushod thoso |ron p|pos, l th|nk 10 ot thom, 800 toot, and tboo tbo corroot
tbroogb tboso plpos tokos bo|o o tbo oortb. low that was a vory oxpons|vo part ot tho work, but |t doos not show on tho towor, but |t bo|ongs to tho
towor.
..
O. 1o|| tho Court gonora||y, not |n dota||, tho purposo ot that towor and tho oqu|pmont wh|ch you havo doscr|bod |n connoct|on w|th |t?
Vr. |ordham: |ow |s that mator|a|?
1ho lotoroo: l w||| tako |t.
Vr. |ordham: Wo oxcopt.
A. Wo||, tho pr|mary purposo ot tho towor, your |onor, was to to|ophono, to sond tho human vo|co and ||konoss around tho g|obo.
3y tho lotoroo:
O. 1hrough tho |nstrumonta||ty ot tho oarth.
A. 1hrough tho |nstrumonta||ty ot tho oarth. 1hat was my d|scovory that l announcod |n 1808.
..
3y Vr. |awk|ns:
O. 1ho purposo thon br|ot|y was tor w|ro|oss commun|cat|ons to var|ous parts ot tho wor|d?
A. Yos ooo tbo towor wos so ooslgooo tbot l coo|o opp|y to lt any amount o| power and l was plannIng to gIve a demonstratIon In the
transmIssIon o| power whIch l have so per|ected that power can be transmItted clear across the globe wIth a loss o| not more than |Ive
per cent, and that plant was to serve as a practIcal demonstratIon..
271
low |ook what wo havo:
1. At tho samo approx|mato t|mo as 1os|a |s mak|ng thoso statomonts |n a tr|a|, ho |s mak|ng statomonts tor tho NowYork 7lmos that |nd|cato tho
samo tochno|ogy ot w|ro|oss powor transm|ss|on |s capab|o ot us|ng |ts |ong|tud|na| wavos to man|pu|ato tho phys|ca| mod|um - not just tho oarth
- |tso|t, o|thor tor construct|vo or mass|vo|y dostruct|vo purposos,
2. ln tho transcr|pt |tso|t, 1os|a |s vory carotu| to stato that not on|y |s h|s systom tor commun|cat|ons purposos, but tor tho oxpross purposo ot tho
transm|ss|on ot powor lo ooy omooot,
8. 1o do th|s, 1os|a a|so c|oar|y statos |n tho transcr|pts that tho 1owor structuro at Wardonc|ytto a|so had a doop shatt so that h|s systom cou|d
phys|ca||y and o|octr|ca||y gr|p tho oarth' and gr|p tho ont|ro g|obo' and mako |t qu|vor', and to do th|s,
4. 1os|a a|so c|oar|y |mp||od that |t was nocossary to havo as oxact a moasuromont ot tho oarth's s|zo, ot |ts goomotry, as poss|b|o.
272
ln othor words,
tho goomotr|ca| and non-||noar proport|os ot tho oarth |tso|t woro ossont|a| compononts to tho systom.
1ho roason |t was ossont|a| may bo roca||od trom our prov|ous romarks w|th rospoct to 0r. |armut V||or's G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory, namo|y, that
|ong|tud|na| prossuro wavos |n tho mod|um |tso|t aro rospons|b|o tor tho |oca| warp|ng ot spaco-t|mo and tho c|ustor|ng ot objocts noar corta|n noda|
po|nts whoro such wavos ovor|ap. 1o put |t d|ttoront|y, |argo massos such as p|anots or stars oro tbo ootoro| ooo most olcloot rosoootors o tboso
wovos.
(1h|s) sca|ar coup||ng ot tho so|ar systom prov|dos a major chock on unrostr|ctod uso ot . |argo.stratog|c sca|ar EV woapon systoms. lt
s|gn|t|cant sca|ar ottocts aro producod on oarth |n a pu|so' modo, po|soo olstorbooco o tbo oortb-soo ooo oortb-mooo systom roso|ts. |oro a
dangor ox|sts that ono or moro natura| rosonancos ot tho coup|od systoms may bo oxc|tod. lt tho toodback st|mu|at|on ot tho 3un |s not |ns|gn|t|cant,
tor oxamp|o, |argo sunspot act|v|ty may rosu|t somot|mo thoroattor, say |n a day or two. lt too much or too sharp st|mu|at|on occurs on oarth, tho
coup|od rosonant rosponso trom tho sun cou|d bo d|sastrous..
Accord|ng|y, uso ot hugo sca|ar (o|octromagnot|c) woapons |s a doub|o-odgod sword. Un|oss carotu||y omp|oyod, uso ot tho woapons cou|d
causo a torr|b|o back|ash to tho usor as wo|| as tho v|ct|m, and ovon acc|donta||y causo tho dostruct|on ot tho oarth |tso|t.
278
ln othor words, proclso know|odgo ot |oca| co|ost|a| goomotr|os, |nc|ud|ng tho oarth, |s at a|| t|mos ossont|a| |n such a systom as 1os|a
onv|s|onod, and th|s |s, porhaps, why ho h|mso|t u|t|mato|y doscr|bod tho |mp||cat|ons ot h|s tochno|ogy tor a doopor phys|cs ab|o to ong|noor tho
phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t dostruct|vo|y or construct|vo|y. And noto, |n 1os|a's v|s|on, |t was qu|to ossont|a| that tho systom |tso|t bo phys|ca||y and
o|octr|ca||y rootod to tho oarth, tor tho oarth |ndood was a hugo componont |n a g|gant|c o|octr|ca| c|rcu|t. 1hus, thoy do groat|y orr who wou|d
ma|nta|n that such a systom wou|d moro pract|ca||y bo dop|oyab|o on sato|||tos |n spaco, tor tho who|o po|nt ot such |ong|tud|na| wovos o stross lo
tbo moolom ltso| ls tbot tboy oro bost ostob|lsboo by moolpo|otlog tbolr ootoro| rosoootors. wbo|o p|ooots ooo stors. 1o say othorw|so |s ont|ro|y
to m|sundorstand tho phys|cs.
274
1ho bost p|aco tor tho dop|oymont ot such systoms |s proc|so|y on tho surtaco ot p|anots.
C. CONCLu5|ON5
3o at tho ond ot th|s journoy, wo havo tho to||ow|ng th|ngs:
1. 1horo c|oar|y ox|sts a phys|cs ot opon systoms |n wh|ch ovor-chang|ng co|ost|a| goomotr|os oxorc|so mutua| phys|ca| |nt|uoncos,
2. 1h|s phys|cs po|nts to a doopor phys|cs ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t, wh|ch |s man|pu|ab|o v|a |ong|tud|na| wavos ot stross w|th|n tho mod|um,
wh|ch |n turn may bo accoss|b|o v|a mothods ot o|octr|ca| stross |n non||noar mod|ums such as tho oarth, or, |n tho caso ot stars, rotat|ng p|asmas,
8. 1h|s phys|cs and tho ab|||ty to |ncorporato who|o p|anots as compononts ot a tochno|ogy c|oar|y ox|stod, and was assortod, as oar|y as tho turn ot
tho |ast contury, |n tho work and words ot l|ko|a 1os|a, who notod both |ts bon|gn and ma||gn |mp||cat|ons woro both |og|ca| and s|mu|tanoous
onta||monts ot that samo phys|cs and systom ot tochno|ogy,
4. As tho databaso ot phys|ca| sc|onco oxpands w|th |ncroas|ng moasuromonts ovor a vast and d|sparato body ot know|odgo, corro|at|ons botwoon
soom|ng|y unro|atod systoms bogan to bo not|cod, and thoso corro|at|ons |nc|udod cyc|os ot human oconom|c, soc|o|og|ca|, and omot|ona| act|v|ty,
suggost|ng tho poss|b|||ty ot a ooop corro|otloo botwooo pbyslcs, ocooomlcs, ooo co|ostlo| goomotrlos,
b. 3|gn|t|cant |nd|cators woro a|so tound ot d|scroto but dot|n|t|vo corporato and t|nanc|a| |ntorost |n tho d|scovory ot tho pr|nc|p|os ot thoso
connoct|ons botwoon phys|cs and oconom|cs, and |n tho caso ot 1os|a and Vorgan, ot ottorts to prlvoto|y oovo|op and |ator soppross |ts
|nstrumonta||t|os.
lt |s |n thoso |ast two po|nts - tho doop corro|at|on botwoon phys|cs, oconom|cs, and co|ost|a| goomotr|os, and tho pr|vato dovo|opmont and
suppross|on ot |ts |nstrumonta||t|os - that wo d|scovor a host ot quost|ons, and a vory anc|ont, |ndood, pa|ooanc|ont' connoct|on..
||.
1EE 1ENPLE5, 1EE 51AR5, AND 1EE BANK51ER5
.so lt wos tbot tbo tomp|o tbot sboo|o owo oo|ty to tbo goos o|ooo, bocomo o root or tbo lotorootlooo| moooy crootlvo orco o tbot ooy ooo ogo, cooooctoo c|oso|y
wltb tbo trooo lo procloos moto|s ooo s|ovos os lt most bovo booo.'
- Lovlo Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 25.
Four
1ENPLE5, 1ENPLA1E5, AND 1Ru515
1EE ANC|EN1 ROO15 OF A DEEP RELA1|ON5E|P
7bo ootormlootloo o tbo stors to wblcb somo o tbo Egyptloo tomp|os, socroo to o koowo olvlolty, woro olroctoo, opoooo
o woy, os l ootlclpotoo, to o stooy o tbo ostrooomlco| bosls o ports o tbo mytbo|ogy.'
- 1. Normoo Lockyoor
275

.to pot lt lo tbo torso |oogoogo o Bostlot, socloty lmp|los oxcboogo, ooo oxcboogo, moooy.'
- A|oxoooor Lo| Vor
270

laradox|ca||y, tho tarthor back |n h|story ono goos, tho c|osor tho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon sc|onco, mag|c, and monoy bocomos. Vany havo
commontod upon th|s ro|at|onsh|p, but tow havo undorstood |ts s|gn|t|canco tor tho typo ot phys|cs that |t |mp||os. 1ho naturo ot th|s ro|at|onsh|p, and
tho consp|rator|a| |mp||cat|ons that |t |mp||os, |s bost oxh|b|tod by oxam|n|ng tho ro|at|onsh|p ot go|d m|n|ng and s|avory |n anc|ont Egypt. 3ut |t |s
|mportant to bog|n at tho bog|nn|ng, |n ordor to soo how, and |n what mannor, tho act|ons ot a consp|racy can bo g||mpsod. |rom oar||ost t|mos, tho
powor to mako and |ssuo monoy and rogu|ato tho va|uo thoroot ' (to paraphraso tho U.3. Const|tut|on) has boon rocogn|zod to bo tho so|o
prorogat|vo ot tho 3tato, or, |n moro anc|ont t|mos, tho crown or k|ng.
As tho tamous n|notoonth-contury Amor|can num|smat|c scho|ar A|oxandor 0o| Var apt|y put |t, 1ho r|ght to co|n monoy has a|ways boon and st|||
roma|ns tho surost mark and announcomont ot sovoro|gnty.'
277
lndood, |t |s bocauso |t |s a suro mark and announcomont ot sovoro|gnty' that ono
t|nds tho assoc|at|on ot tho mak|ng and rogu|at|on ot tho |oga| va|uo ot monoy so |ntortw|nod not on|y w|th tho sovoro|gnty ot tho stato or crown, but
w|th tho sovoro|gnty ot God (or, as tho caso may bo, ot tho gods) trom whom tho powor ot ru|o |n most anc|ont soc|ot|os was |nvar|ab|y porco|vod to
dor|vo, and no bottor oxomp|ar ot th|s comp|ox ro|at|onsh|p botwoon tho stato contro| ot monoy |ssuanco, ot m|n|ng, and tho c|oso |ntor|ock ot both
w|th ro||g|on can bo tound than that ot anc|ont lopub||can and lmpor|a| lomo.
A. 1ENPLE5 AND 1Ru515
1. 1he Roman Model
As monoy |n anc|ont t|mos was pr|mar||y - though corta|n|y not oxc|us|vo|y - thought to ros|do |n proc|ous mota|s such as go|d, coppor, s||vor,
and |n somo casos ovon bronzo, |t |nov|tab|y to||owod that tor a stato to ma|nta|n |ts sovoro|gnty ovor tho mak|ng, |ssuanco, and rogu|at|on ot tho
va|uo ot monoy, |t had to oxorc|so a str|ct contro| ovor tho m|n|ng ot thoso mota|s:
1horotoro, tho moans nocossary to socuro and ma|nta|n such a monoy woro tor tho 3tato to monopo||zo tho coppor m|nos, rostr|ct tho commorco |n
coppor, str|ko coppor p|ocos ot h|gh art| st|c mor|t, |n ordor to dotoat countorto|t|ng, stamp thom w|th tho mark ot tho 3tato, rondor thom tho so|o
|oga| tondors tor tho paymont ot domost|c contracts, taxos, t|nos, and dobts, ||m|t tho|r om|ss|on unt|| tho|r va|uo (trom un|vorsa| domand tor thom
and tho|r comparat|vo scarc|ty) roso to moro than that ot tho mota| ot wh|ch thoy woro composod, and ma|nta|n such rostr|ct|on and ovor-va|uat|on
as tho pormanont po||cy ot tho 3tato. |or toro|gn trado or d|p|omacy a supp|y ot go|d and s||vor, co|nod and unco|nod, cou|d bo kopt |n tho troasury.
1horo aro amp|o ov|doncos that moans ot th|s charactor woro, |n tact, omp|oyod by tho loman lopub||c, and, thorotoro, that such was tho
systom ot monoy |t adoptod. 1ho coppor m|nos woro monopo||zod by tho loman 3tato, tho commorco |n coppor was rogu|atod, tho bronzo numm|
woro |ssuod by tho 3tato, wh|ch str|ct|y monopo||zod tho|r tabr|cat|on, and tho dos|gns woro ot groat boauty, tho p|ocos woro stampod 3.C.,' or ox
soootos cooso|to..tho|r om|ss|on was ||m|tod, unt|| tho va|uo ot tho p|ocos roso to about t|vo t|mos that ot tho mota| thoy conta|nod, and thoy
stoad||y and tor a |ongthy por|od rota|nod th|s h|gh ovor-va|uat|on.
278
1hus, wo havo throo |ntorconnoctod |doas at tho outsot:
1. 1ho powor to co|n and rogu|ato tho va|uo ot monoy by ostab||shod |aw was a prorogat|vo so|o|y ot tho stato or crown, and not ot any pr|vato monoy-
or crod|t-|ssu|ng monopo|y,
2. 1horo was no |nhoront va|uo |n proc|ous mota|s' as such, but such va|uo had to bo art|t|c|a||y croatod by tho stato |ssu|ng such monoy by two
moans:
a. tho ro|at|vo scarc|ty ot proc|ous mota| monoy |ssuod, wh|ch mado tho |oga| monotary va|uo ot monoy |ssuod oxcood tho |nhoront va|uo ot
tho mota| |n tho co|n |tso|t, and,
b. tho va|uo was turthor onhancod by tho croat|on or add|t|on ot artwork to tho co|ns |ssuod, and,
8. 3ocauso tho |ssuanco ot monoy was connoctod to proc|ous mota|s such as coppor, s||vor, and go|d, tho stato or crown had to ma|nta|n a monopo|y
ovor tho m|n|ng and stockp|||ng ot such mota|s.
a. 1he BullIon 1rust and the 1emple
3ut |n anc|ont lomo, thoro |s a turthor tactor at work, and |t |s bost to a||ow 0o| Var h|mso|t to stato what |t |s: lt |s |mposs|b|o to ros|st tho
conv|ct|on,' ho statos, that tho supor|or va|uo ot go|d |n tho Wost wos crootoo by mooos o |oga| and, porhaps, a|so socorooto| orolooocos. 1h|s
mothod ot t|x|ng tho rat|o may ovon havo or|g|natod |n tho Or|ont.'
270
ln othor words, |n t|x|ng tho va|uo ot go|d at a rat|o ot corta|n un|ts ot va|uo -
oxprossod |n torms ot othor mota|s - por un|t ot go|d, go|d's va|uo as tho u|t|mato proc|ous mota| was ostab||shod |argo|y through ro||g|ous
ord|nancos. Voroovor, 0o| Var suggosts th|s pract|co or|g|natod |n tho Or|ont,' wh|ch cou|d moan, as tar as lomo was concornod, tho V|dd|o
East or ovon tho East as tar away as lnd|a. 3o ono now must add, to tho abovo ||st, a tourth connoct|on:
4) 1ho va|uo ot go|d was t|xod |argo|y by sacordota| ord|nanco,' |n othor words, tboro ls o ooop ooo prooooo cooooctloo botwooo tbo lssoooco o
moooy, lts lxotloo o vo|oo lo |owlo torms o procloos moto|s wboso vo|oo lo toro ls oolooo by rotlos por oolt o go|o oo tbo ooo booo, ooo
ro|lgloo oo tbo otbor. ln short, ono |s |n tho prosonco ot tho doop connoct|on ot anc|ont concopt|ons ot monoy, and ro||g|on, or as l put |t |n tho
chaptor t|t|o, botwoon tomp|os' and trusts.'
3ut why ca|| such a ro|at|onsh|p, on tho monotary s|do ot th|ngs, a trust at a||?
0o| Var prov|dos a s|gn|t|cant c|uo |n a statomont that, on t|rst g|anco, sooms to ov|donco noth|ng moro than a d|ttoronco |n monotary and mota|s
po||c|os on tho part ot Occ| donta| and Or|onta| soc|ot|os. |o statos that 1ho govornmonts ot lors|a, Assyr|a, Egypt, Grooco and lomo mado a
prot|t on tho co|nago by ra|s|ng tho va|uo ot go|d, wh||o thoso ot lnd|a, Ch|na, and porhaps a|so 1apan, mado tho|r prot|t by ma|nta|n|ng, or
onhanc|ng, tho va|uo ot s||vor.'
280
ln othor words, tor tho soc|ot|os ot tho Occ|dont - Egypt, Assyr|a (and prosumab|y 3aby|on), lors|a, Grooco,
and lomo - art|t|c|a||y dot|nod go|d as bo|ng tho mota| ot h|ghost va|uo |n torms ot |ts convort|b|||ty |nto moro un|ts ot othor mota|s, wh||o,
convorso|y, tho govornmonts ot tho Or|ont - lnd|a and Ch|na - pursuod tho rovorso po||cy, ot mak|ng s||vor tho h|ghost va|uod mota| |n torms ot |ts
convort|b|||ty |nto othor mota|s. 1hus, trado cou|d bo carr|od out botwoon thoso two d|sparato parts ot tho wor|d, tho po||c|os woro |n a corta|n sonso
an |nov|tab|o consoquonco ot that trado. |owovor, a c|osor oxam|nat|on rovoa|s a h|ddon p|ayor, tor such trado w||| |nov|tab|y croato tho r|so ot an
|ntornat|ona| trad|ng c|ass, ono wh|ch, moroovor, w||| croato |ts woa|th proc|so|y by trado |n thoso proc|ous mota|s, mota|s that aro oas|or to
transport than t|n|shod goods, and wh|ch can bo oxchangod |n any p|aco tor such goods. ln short, what |s bo|ng croatod, trom oar||ost t|mos, |s an
|ntornat|ona| t|nanc|a| c|ass ot bu|||on brokors,' or as wo wou|d ca|| thom now, bankors. A s|gn|t|cant quost|on now occurs: ls |t poss|b|o that, rathor
than such a c|ass hav|ng omorgod as a consoquonco ot such govornmonta| po||c|os and trado, that tho convorso |s truo? ls |t poss|b|o that thoro
ox|stod such a c|ass ot |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' who crootoo thoso po||c|os |n var|ous parts ot tho wor|d, po||c|os wh|ch wou|d onhanco tho|r
own powor and woa|th? lt so, thon how d|d thoy ach|ovo and orchostrato th|s?
1ho answor to that quost|on w||| consumo us |n tho roma|n|ng chaptors ot th|s book, but |n ordor to answor |t, wo must onco aga|n turn to tho
unusua| t|xat|on ot tho va|uo ot go|d and s||vor |n tho Occ|donta| cu|turos: Grooco, Egypt, tho Vosopotam|an c|v|||zat|ons, and lomo. Why was go|d
- wh|ch was much oas|or and |oss cost|y to m|no than s||vor - va|uod moro h|gh|y than s||vor?
0o| Var has a|roady suggostod tho answor, |t was bocauso |n somo moasuro, go|d was rogardod as socroo, as bo|ng undor tho spoc|a|
jur|sd|ct|on ot tho gods:
1ho sacordota| charactor contorrod upon go|d, or tho co|nago ot go|d, was not a novo|ty ot tho 1u||an const|tut|on (ot lomo), rathor was |t oo oocloot
mytb pot to oowpo|ltlco| oso.A s|m||ar bo||ot |s to bo not|cod among tho anc|ont Grooks, whoso co|nagos, oxcopt dur|ng tho ropub||can ora, woro
conductod |n tho tomp|os and undor tho suporv|s|on ot pr|osts. Upon thoso |ssuos woro stampod tho symbo||sm and ro||g|on ot tho 3tato, and as
on|y tho pr|osthood cou|d corroct|y |||ustrato thoso mystor|os ot tho|r own croat|on, tho co|nago - at |oast that ot tho moro proc|ous p|ocos -
natura||y bocamo a prorogat|vo ot tho|r ordor.
281
3ut th|s ra|sos as many quost|ons as |t roso|vos. |or oxamp|o, 0o| Var has c|oar|y |nd|catod that tho prorogat|vo ot tho |ssuanco ot monoy and
tho rogu|at|on ot |ts va|uo was soon by anc|ont soc|ot|os to ros|do c|oar|y w|th tho stato or crown. Yot, ho has now adm|ttod that |nsotar as ono
proc|ous mota| was concornod, tho |ssuanco ot monoy |n connoct|on w|th |t was |oss a prorogat|vo ot tho stato or crown than |t was ot a ro||g|ous
monopo|y.
Add|t|ona||y, |t has a|roady boon suggostod that tho d|ttoroncos |n monotary po||c|os botwoon tho Occ|dont and Or|ont cou|d sorvo |n tho |ong run
not on|y to contr|buto to tho r|so ot an |ntornat|ona| c|ass ot bu|||on brokors,' but a|so that tho croat|on ot such po||c|os m|ght ovon bo duo to tho
proox|stonco ot that c|ass, |ts |ntornat|ona| oxtont, and |ts ab|||ty to man|pu|ato tho rospoct|vo po||c|os ot Occ|donta| and Or|onta| govornmonts. And
|nsotar as that ab|||ty to man|pu|ato tho|r rospoct|vo po||c|os |s concornod, whon |t comos to tho h|gh sacrodnoss ot go|d, at |oast w|th|n Occ|donta|
cu|turos, th|s |mp||os a|so tho ab|||ty to man|pu|ato tho|r ro||g|ons. 5occloct|y stotoo. tbo bo||loo trost ooo tbo tomp|o oro ot tbo mlolmom o||los, ooo
ot tbo moxlmom, tbo ooo bos lol|trotoo ooo tokoo ovor tbo otbor. Or |n 0o| Var's apt obsorvat|on, ono now soon to bo prognant w|th moan|ng and
s|gn|t|canco just bonoath |ts surtaco, tho sacrodnoss ot go|d was an anc|ont myth put to now po||t|ca| uso.'
282
b. A FascInatIng 1angent: ByzantIum, RelIgIon, and the Money Power
A tasc|nat|ng g||mpso |nto tho strongth ot th|s assoc|at|on botwoon tho monoy-|ssu|ng prorogat|vo ot tho stato or crown on tho ono hand, and
ro||g|on on tho othor, |s attordod by tho Eastorn loman or 3yzant|no Emp|ro, whoso powor and |nt|uonco throughout Chr|st|an Europo dur|ng tho
V|dd|o Agos oxtondod tar boyond |ts ovor-sh|tt|ng bordors. 1hat powor and |nt|uonco was duo proc|so|y bocauso ot tho strongth ot th|s ro|at|onsh|p,
and |ts ho|d ovor tho cu|tura| |mag|nat|on ot tho Chr|st|an V|dd|o Agos, bocauso tor a|| tho|r c|a|mod d|v|no prorogat|vos,' not ovon tho loman
popos undorstood tho|r powor to |nc|udo tho ab|||ty to mako and |ssuo monoy and rogu|ato |ts va|uo. 1hat prorogat|vo was undorstood to ros|do st|||
w|th tho loman omporor |n Constant|nop|o. lot|ng that tho vory momont whon thoso poop|o bocamo Chr|st|ans, or woro conquorod or brought
undor tho contro| ot tho loman h|orarchy, tho|r go|d m|nos bogan to bo abandonod and c|osod.'
288
var|ous num|smat|c scho|ars had |ong prottorod
var|ous unsat|stactory oxp|anat|ons. 3ut, statos 0o| Var,
A|| such tut||o oxp|anat|ons aro ottoctua||y answorod by tho common uso ot 3yzant|no go|d co|ns throughout Chr|stondom. ln Eng|and, tor oxamp|o,
tho oxchoquor ro||s ro|at|ng to tho mod|aova| agos, co||atod by Vadox, provo that paymonts |n go|d bosants
284
woro mado ovory day, and that go|d
co|ns, as comparod w|th s||vor onos, woro as common thon as now. lt mota| had boon wantod tor mak|ng Eng||sh go|d co|ns, |t was to bo had |n
sutt|c|oncy and at onco. A|| that was nocossary was to throw tho bosants |nto tho Eng||sh mo|t|ng-pot. As tor tho toob|o suggost|on that tor t|vo
hundrod yoars no Chr|st|an pr|ncos w|shod to co|n go|d so |ong as tho 3as||ous
28b
was w||||ng to co|n tor thom, whon tho co|nago ot go|d was tho
un|vorsa||y rocogn|zod mark ot sovoro|gnty, and whon, a|so, tho prot|t. was ono hundrod por cont, |t |s scarco|y worth answor|ng..
1ho truo roason why go|d monoy was a|ways usod but novor co|nod by tho pr|ncos ot tho mod|aova| omp|ro ro|atos. to that h|orarch|ca|
const|tut|on ot pagan lomo, wh|ch attorwards w|th mod|t|cat|ons bocamo tho const|tut|on ot Chr|st|an lomo. Undor th|s const|tut|on, and trom tho
opoch ot 1u||us to that ot A|ox|s, tho m|n|ng and co|nago ot go|d was a prorogat|vo attachod to tho ott|co ot tho sovoro|gn-pont|tt, and was,
thorotoro, an art|c|o ot tho loman const|tut|on and ot tho loman ro||g|on.
280
1hus, as 0o| Var notos, pr|or to tho lat|n Crusado wh|ch attackod and succosstu||y occup|od Constant|nop|o |n 1204, no Chr|st|an pr|nco |n Europo
darod co|n h|s own go|d co|ns pr|or to that ovont, but attor |t, a|| ot thom d|d.
287
And thus, tho h|ddon mot|vat|on tor tho attack ot tho Chr|st|an Wost
on tho Chr|st|an East |n 1204 |s rovoa|od: |t was to acqu|ro tho |oga| author|ty, undor tho loman const|tut|on, to mako and co|n go|d monoy.
1horoattor, tho monoy-|ssu|ng prorogat|vo dovo|vod to tho |ossor crownod hoads ot Europo. lr|or to that po|nt, howovor, |t wou|d havo boon
sacr||ogo to g|vo curroncy to any othor (go|d co|nago), honco no othor Chr|st|an pr|nco, not ovon tho popo ot lomo, nor tho sovoro|gn ot tho
Wostorn or Vod|aova| 'omp|ro,' attomptod to co|n go|d wh||o tho anc|ont Emp|ro surv|vod.'
288
3uch mon|os woro, qu|to ||tora||y, v|owod as
horot|ca| monoy.'
280
|onco, wo havo yot anothor posslb|o oxp|anat|on tor tho prooccupat|on ot tho crownod hoads ot mod|aova| Wostorn Europo w|th a|chomy dur|ng
tho V|dd|o Agos.
200
A|chomy's c|a|m was, ot courso, to bo ab|o to tako baso mota|s and transtorm thom |nto go|d. 1hus, by tak|ng |m|tat|on co|ns ot
tho go|d bosant, co|ns that cou|d not bo doomod countorto|t, s|nco thoy woro not c|rcu|atod nor co|nod by anyono |n go|d, and transmut|ng thom |nto
go|d, an a|chom|ca| ond run around 3yzant|um's monoy monopo|y cou|d bo ach|ovod.
2. 1he EgyptIan Model: MInIng, 8lavery, MercenarIes, and lmplIcatIons
a. NubIa and Egypt
1ho connoct|ons thus tar oxh|b|tod botwoon tho monoy-co|n|ng prorogat|vo ot tho stato, tho |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' trust,' tho tomp|o, and
now a|chomy, |oads ono |noxorab|y turthor back |nto h|story, and to tho ovon t|ghtor ro|at|onsh|ps botwoon thom that aro oxh|b|tod |n Egypt. lt |s horo
that ono bog|ns to soo moro c|oar|y tho s|n|stor out||nos ot that |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' trust omorg|ng, and ot |ts doop ro|at|onsh|p not on|y to
tho tomp|o, but to tho doopor phys|cs that tho tomp|o, and monoy, portondod. Egypt |s a|so s|gn|t|cant tor anothor roason, as wo sha|| soo, |n that |t
|s a symbo| ot tho ro|at|onsh|p ot tho bu|||on trust to tho tomp|o, a ro|at|onsh|p that a|so occurs |n othor statos and c|v|||zat|ons ot tho por|od.
Egypt was probab|y tho |argost go|d-m|n|ng and produc|ng stato |n tho anc|ont wor|d. 1ho roason |s s|mp|o: tho l||o. As A|oxandor 0o| Var puts
|t, Go|d has boon tound |n noar|y ovory rog|on tr|butary to tho l||o, trom tho Equator to tho ||rst Cataract.'
201
3ut no rog|on was moro connoctod to
go|d m|n|ng than was tho rog|on ot lub|a, bordor|ng modorn-day southorn Egypt and tho 3udan. 1ho torm lub|a |tso|t appoars to havo or|g|natod
|n Egypt, whoro Nob or Nob s|gn|t|os go|d, honco lub|a, tho |and ot go|d.'
202
3onoath tho tooth|||s ot lub|a ||os a vast gravo|-and-sand oxpanso ot
dosort, washod dur|ng tho t|ood soason by numorous stroams and gu|||os. 1h|s rog|on |s known as tho 3|sharoo or 3|shara, tho Groat lub|an
0osort.
208
0o| Var notos that
loxt to tho m|nos ot tho A|ta| mounta|ns ot lnd|a, tho 3|sharoo m|nos ot Egypt aro probab|y tho o|dost |n tho wor|d, and |n v|ow ot tho lnd|an or|g|n ot
tho Egypt|ans, and tho d|stant rosoarchos and conquosts wh|ch havo boon mado by tho |oad|ng nat|ons tor tho acqu|s|t|on ot go|d, |t sooms not at
a|| |mprobab|o that thoro ox|stod a c|oso connoct|on botwoon tho d|scovory ot tho Egypt|an m|nos and tho or|g|na| sott|omont ot tho country by
As|at|c racos.
204
3o r|ch woro tho 3|sharoo m|nos |n ant|qu|ty that |t |s worth hav|ng a c|osor |ook at thom, tor |t |s |n that c|osor |ook that wo sha|| d|scorn a pattorn
bog|nn|ng to omorgo.
b. Ouartz, Gold, and 8lavery
1ho 3|sharoo m|nos, as notod abovo, aro among tho o|dost known |n ant|qu|ty, and somo ot tho most oxtons|vo. Add|t|ona||y, tho t|o|ds, ||ko many
go|d m|nos, aro a|so known tor tho|r abundant dopos|ts ot quartz:
lt conjocturo bo adm|ttod whoro datos aro. contusod, |t appoars ||ko|y that tho 3|sharoo m|nos woro workod as oar|y as tho ora ot Vonos, wh|ch |s
var|ous|y ass|gnod to trom twonty-n|no to th|rty-n|no contur|os 3.C., tor |n tho t|mo ot that monarch or |awg|vor, tho l||o was d|kod, and trom tho
charactor ot th|s r|vor and |ts surround|ngs thoro cou|d havo boon no nocoss|ty to d|ko |t unt|| m|n|ng had surchargod |ts wators w|th sod|mont.
1ho supposod ant|qu|ty ot thoso m|nos dor|vos support trom tho tact that ovon at tho por|od ot Vonos go|d had boon usod tor monoy |n lnd|a, that
Vonos was an lnd|an conquoror and |awg|vor, that tho lnd|an Codo ot Vanou, st||| oxtant, and ass|gnod var|ous|y to trom tho t|ttoonth to tho th|rty-t|rst
contury 3.C., |s ov|dont|y ro-comp||od trom a much-o|dor codo, now |ost, that commorco botwoon lnd|a and Egypt ox|stod trom tho romotost t|mos
mont|onod |n h|story or dor|vod trom archaoo|og|ca| roma|ns, that an Egypt|an oxpod|t|on to lnd|a |s attr|butod to 3osostr|s, 3.C. 2000, and trom
othor cons|dorat|ons.
|owovor th|s may bo, tho 3|sharoo m|nos aro known to havo boon workod tor quartz so |ong ago as tho two|tth dynasty, wh|ch lops|us ass|gns to
tho por| od 3.C. 2880. lrom tbo oct, oooorstooo by ovory mloor, tbot qoortz ls oovor workoo so |oog os tbo p|ocors cootolo tbo smo||ost proctlco|
qoootlty o moto|, ooo jooglog rom tbo oxporlooco o lto|y, 5polo, ooo Brozl| - wboro oxtooslvo p|ocor ooposlts woro workoo, os lo Egypt, by
tbo booo |oboor o s|ovos - tbo Blsboroo p|ocos mloos woro ot |oost two boooroo yoors o|o wboo tbo qoortz wos workoo oooor tbo two|tb
oyoosty o tbo Pboroobs.
20b
loto tho prosonco ot two now tactors that w||| |oom |argor and |argor as wo procood: t|rst, tho prosonco ot proc|ous or som|-proc|ous stonos, |n th|s
caso, quartz, and tho work|ng ot such m|nos by s|ovos.
c. Iodorus 8Iculus and the BIshara MInes
lt |s tho prosonco ot s|avos at tho 3|sharoo m|nos that attords us our t|rst s|gn|t|cant c|uo |nto tho m|nds and monta||ty ot tho anc|ont bu|||on
brokors, and why thoy and tho|r act|v|t|os woro so otton assoc|atod w|th tomp|os. lt roqu|ros a c|osor |ook, wh|ch |s attordod by tho c|ass|ca| wr|tor
0|odorus 3|cu|us. 0o| Var notos that 0|odorus v|s|tod tho m|nos |n b0 3.C. Attor tho v|s|t, ho rocordod h|s |mpross|ons ot tho m|nos:
On tho cont|nos ot Egypt and tho no|ghbour|ng countr|os thoro aro rog|ons tu|| ot go|d m|nos, whonco, w|th tho costs and pa|ns ot many |abourors,
much go|d |s dug. 1ho so|| |s natura||y b|ack, but |n tho body ot tho oarth thoro aro many vo|ns ot sh|n|ng wh|to quartz, g||t-tor|ng w||| a|| sorts ot br|ght
mota|s, out ot wh|ch thoso appo|ntod to bo ovorsoors causo tho go|d to bo dug by tho |abour ot a vast mu|t|tudo ot poop|o. |or tho k|ngs ot Egypt
condomn to thoso m|nos not on|y notor|ous cr|m|na|s, capt|vos takon |n war, porsons accusod ot ta|so doa||ngs, and thoso w|th whom tho k|nd |s
ottondod, but a|so a|| tho k|ndrod and ro|at|vos ot tho |attor. 1hoso aro sont to th|s work, o|thor as a pun|shmont, or that tho prot|t and ga|n ot tho k|ng
may bo |ncroasod by tho|r |abours.
1horo aro thus |nt|n|to numbors thrown |nto thoso m|nos, a|| bound |n tottors, kopt at work n|ght and day, and so str|ct|y surroundod that thoro |s no
poss|b|||ty ot tho|r ottoct|ng an oscapo. 7boy oro goorooo by morcooory so|olors o vorloos borboroos ootloos, wboso |oogoogo ls orolgo to
tbom ooo to oocb otbor, so tbot tboro oro oo mooos oltbor o ormlog coosplroclos or o corroptlog tboso wbo oro sot to wotcb tbom. 1hoy aro
kopt to |ncossant work by tho rod ot tho ovorsoor, who otton |ashos thom sovoro|y. lot tho |oast caro |s takon ot tho bod|os ot thoso poor croaturos,
thoy havo not a rag to covor tho|r nakodnoss, and whoovor soos thom must compass|onato tho|r mo|ancho|y and dop|orab|o cond|t|on, tor though
thoy may bo s|ck or ma|mod or |amo, no rost nor any |ntorm|ss|on ot |abour |s a||owod thom. lo|thor tho woaknoss ot o|d ago, nor tho |nt|rm|t|os ot
toma|os, oxcuso any trom tho work, to wh|ch a|| aro dr|von by b|ows and cudgo|s, unt||, borno down by tho |nto|orab|o wo|ght ot tho|r m|sory, many ta||
doad |n tho m|dst ot tho|r |nsuttorab|o |abours. 0opr|vod ot a|| hopo, thoso m|sorab|o croaturos oxpoct oach day to bo worso than tho |ast, and |ong
tor doath to ond tho|r gr|ots.
200
Wh||o tho passago |s ono to movo any docont human bo|ng to compass|on and p|ty tor tho poor wrotchos condomnod to work tho m|nos, thoro
aro two th|ngs that shou|d bo notod.
||rst, g|von tho ant|qu|ty ot tho m|nos ot 3|sharoo and tho stab|||ty ot Egypt|an soc|oty and cu|turo, |t |s roasonab|o to assumo that tho cond|t|ons
at tho m|nos had not changod throughout tho sovora| contur|os that thoy woro workod. 1hus, socond|y, tho prosonco ot an |ntornat|ona| cont|ngont ot
morconary guards ot tho m|nos m|ght wo|| bo a pract|co dat|ng back tor contur|os. 1ho roasons tor such an |ntornat|ona| cont|ngont 0|odorus
makos c|oar: |t was to dony tho condomnod any opportun|ty ot br|b|ng a sutt|c|ont cont|ngont ot guards to ottoct an oscapo.
3ut morconar|os m|ght s|gna| somoth|ng o|so, and that |s a corta|n co||us|on botwoon tho Egypt|an k|ngs and thoso ab|o to sopp|y such a |argo
and d|sparato group ot morconar|os. 1o put |t succ|nct|y, tho morconary guard cont|ngont subt|y |mp||os tho ox|stonco ot an |ntornat|ona| monoy
powor. 3ut |mp||cat|on |s not yot proot.
d. Money, KIngs, 1emples and Counter|eIters
1horo |s, howovor, anothor |nd|cat|on that somoth|ng moro than moro co|nc|donco |s |nvo|vod |n tho uso ot morconar|os at tho 3|sharoo m|nos.
Anothor c|uo ||os |n tho w|dosproad assoc|at|on ot anc|ont tomp|os w|th tho |ssuanco ot proc|ous mota| mon|os:
1ho archa|c Ch|noso and lnd|an, as wo|| as tho oar|y Grook co|ns, woro otton markod w|th omb|oms, wh|ch |n tho tormor casos aro supposod to bo,
and |n tho |attor caso aro known to bo, ro||g|ous. 1ho m|nts woro |n tho tomp|os, and tho pr|osts monopo||zod, or tr|od to monopo||zo, tho socrots ot
mota||urgy. 1h|s custom may havo ar|son o|thor trom tho cup|d|ty ot tho pr|osthood to roap tho prot|ts ot co|nago, or so||c|tudo on tho part ot tho
sovoro|gn to provont countorto|t|ng or to rondor |t tho moro ho|nous.
207
1h|s tact, p|us tho tact ot |ntornat|ona| cont|ngonts ot morconar|os at 3|sharoo, has now amassod a s|gn|t|cant sor|os ot quost|ons:
1. Why woro anc|ont m|nts |n tomp|os, ospoc|a||y |t, as 0o| Var has concodod and as wo havo a|roady oxam|nod, tho prorogat|vo ot monoy |ssuanco
and va|uo rogu|at|on was so|o|y a stato or crown prorogat|vo? lart ot tho answor, ot courso, ||os |n tho tact that |n most anc|ont cu|turos, part|cu|ar|y
thoso ot tho V|dd|o East, tho K|ng was |n tact a|so tho ch|ot or h|gh pr|ost, and tho pr|osthood |tso|t otton tu|t|||od tho tunct|on ot tho stato
buroaucracy. lonotho|oss tho quost|on roma|ns, why assoc|ato monoy |ssuanco w|th tomp|os?
2. 1ho w|dosproad proctlco ot th|s assoc|at|on |n such d|sparato cu|turos as Ch|na, lnd|a, and Grooco, |tso|t must bo oxp|a|nod. 0oos |t ||o, onco
aga|n, moro|y |n tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot tho crown prorogat|vo w|th tho pr|osthood |n anc|ont soc|ot|os, or |s thoro somoth|ng o|so |nvo|vod,
somoth|ng porhaps s|gna|od by tho prosonco ot |ntornat|ona| morconary cont|ngonts at 3|sharoo?
Wo havo a|roady suggostod that tho pocu||ar po||c|os ot lomo v|s-a-v|s tho Or|ont |n tho rogu|at|on ot go|d and s||vor va|uat|on suggostod a
corta|n amount ot co||us|on botwoon tho statos so attoctod, a co||us|on suggost|ng an |ntornat|ona| coord|nat|on ot such po||c|os. low, wo t|nd at tho
3|sharoo m|nos yot anothor suggost|on ot such |ntornat|ona| co||us|on |n tho prosonco ot morconar|os trom var|ous cu|turos. 1ho quost|on |s, thon,
who |s do|ng |t, and why?
lart ot tho answor |s suggostod by a pass|ng obsorvat|on mado by 0o| Var:
1ho Egypt|ans. possoss|ng tho most oxtons|vo and product|vo go|d m|nos wh|ch aro known to havo boon workod at any corta|n por|od ot
ant|qu|ty.orolsboo to otbor ootloos, loc|oolog tbo looloos, tbo motorlo| oot o wblcb tboy too coo|o moko moooy.
208
1h|s |s tho surost tostamont ot tho tact that wo aro now |n tho prosonco ot an |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' consp|racy, tor why wou|d lnd|a nood
Egypt|an go|d to |ssuo monoy? Why cou|d tho lnd|an k|ngs and pr|ncos not havo |ssuod somo othor monoy basod on somo othor commod|ty wh|ch
|t had |n abundanco, and roqu|ro |ts accoptanco by |aw? 3uch was tho|r prorogat|vo. 3o why ro|y on |mports ot go|d? 1ho argumont that an
|ntornat|ona||y rocogn|zod mod|um ot oxchango was noodod ta||s to tho ground, tor as a|roady notod, lnd|a and Ch|na protorrod dur|ng tho loman
ora to va|uo s||vor h|ghor than go|d, wh||o tho Occ|dont protorrod tho rovorso. Voroovor, by d|p|omat|c agroomont and troaty, othor mochan|sms ot
oxchango cou|d havo boon agrood upon by var|ous hoads ot stato.
ln any caso, wo now havo assomb|od throo d|scroto typos ot ov|donco that po|nt to tho poss|b|o ox|stonco ot an |ntornat|ona| monoy powor, or
bu|||on brokors' as wo havo ca||od thom, |n anc|ont t|mos:
1. 1ho unusua| bu|||on po||c|os ot lomo v|s-a-v|s tho Or|ont, wh|ch po||c|os woro v|rtua| oppos|tos ot oach othor w|th rospoct to tho ro|at|vo va|uat|on ot
s||vor and go|d bu|||on. 3uch roc|proca| po||c|os cou|d, ot courso, h|gh|y bonot|t an |ntornat|ona| monoy powor w|th basos ot oporat|ons |n both
p|acos, tor by transtorr|ng go|d to tho oast and convort|ng |t to s||vor, and roap|ng tho toos thoroot, and thon s||vor to tho wost and convort|ng aga|n
to go|d, vast prot|ts cou|d bo accumu|atod,
2. 1ho a|most un|vorsa| assoc|at|on ot tomp|os w|th m|nt|ng, trom tho V|dd|o East to Ch|na and lnd|a, and,
8. 1ho prosonco ot an |ntornat|ona| cont|ngont ot morconar|os trom var|ous countr|os and statos at ono ot ant|qu|ty's |argost go|d m|nos at 3|sharoo,
m|nos wh|ch |n turn aro workod by s|avos and pr|sonors ot war.
1horo |s, howovor, a d|st|nct|y oloroot assoc|at|on ot tomp|os |n anc|ont t|mos, bos|dos that ot m|nt|ng and monoy |ssuanco.
B. 1ENPLE5 AND 1ENPLA1E5: A51RONONY, A51ROLOCY, AND 1EE ALCEENY OF
NONEY
1. 1he 1emples and the 8tars
.that assoc|at|on |s w|th t|mo and |ts moasuromont, |n short, w|th astro|ogy and astronomy.
1oday, ot courso, |t |s w|do|y accoptod that anc|ont tomp|os and moga||th|c s|tos woro or|ontod to th|s or that astronom|ca| ovont or a||gnmont: tho
so|st|cos, tho procoss|on ot tho oqu|noxos, and so on. 3oc|ot|os and c|v|||zat|ons such as 3umor and 3aby|on|a woro wo||-known tor tho|r strong
astronom|ca| and astro|og|ca| sk|||s, hav|ng |ott ||tora||y thousands ot c|ay tab|ots rocord|ng tho|r obsorvat|ons. 3ut unt|| comparat|vo|y rocont|y |n tho
n|notoonth contury, Egypt was tho oxcopt|on to th|s ru|o, unt|| a 3r|t|sh astronomor, 1. lorman lockyoar, domonstratod that tho samo ho|d truo tor
Egypt's tomp|os as wo||, and trom tho most anc|ont t|mos. lockyoar's book 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy. A 5tooy o 7omp|o orsblp ooo Vytbo|ogy
o tbo Aocloot Egyptloos bogan a cyc|o that cont|nuos to th|s day, w|th a|tornat|vo Egypto|og|sts such as Androw Co|||ns, Graham |ancock and
lobort 3auva| domonstrat|ng tho astronom|ca| |ayouts and a||gnmonts ot tho s|to most poop|o assoc|ato w|th anc|ont Egypt: tho pyram|ds and
tomp|os ot G|za. Ono m|ght thus wo|| v|ow lockyoar as ono ot tho t|rst modorn pa|oophys|c|sts,' |.o., a modorn sc|ont|st |ook|ng at anc|ont myths
sor|ous|y, and attompt|ng to roconstruct trom thom an undor|y|ng sc|ont|t|c bas|s.
200
lockyoar notos that anc|ont c|v|||zat|ons' astronom|ca| and astro|og|ca| rocords go back a|most to tho vory odgos ot known ant|qu|ty:
Wo go back |n Egypt tor a por|od, as ost|matod by var|ous authors, ot somoth|ng ||ko 0,000 or 7,000 yoars. ln 3aby|on|a |nscr|bod tab|ots carry us
|nto tho d|m past tor a por|od ot corta|n|y b,000 yoars, but tbo so-co||oo omoo' tob|ots loolcoto tbot obsorvotloos o oc|lpsos ooo otbor
ostrooomlco| pbooomooo boo booo mooo or somo tboosooos o yoors booro tbls porloo. ln Ch|na and lnd|a wo go back as corta|n|y to moro
than 4,000 yoars ago.
800
lndood, |n 3aby|on's caso, |t ono |s to tako tho assort|ons ot tho omon tab|ots' sor|ous|y, thoso obsorvat|ons compr|sod a databaso ass|duous|y
comp||od tor hundrods ot thousands ot yoars!
801
0ocod|ng tho assoc|at|on ot var|ous Egypt|an tomp|os to var|ous gods, and tho assoc|at|on ot tho |attor |n turn w|th var|ous co|ost|a| bod|os,
lockyoar statos h|s ma|n thos|s toward tho ond ot h|s book, ca|||ng |t h|s work|ng hypothos|s':
1. 1ho t|rst c|v|||sat|on as yot g||mpsod, so tar as tomp|o bu||d|ng goos, |n Nortboro Egypt, roprosontod by that at Annu or |o||opo||s, was a c|v|||sat|on
w|th a non-oqu|noct|a| so|ar worsh|p, comb|nod w|th tho cu|t ot a northorn star.
2. Vomph|s (poss|b|y a|so 3a|s, 3ubast|s, 1an|s and othor c|t|os w|th oast and wost wa||s) and tho groat pyram|ds woro bu||t by a now |nvad|ng raco,
roprosont|ng an advanco |n astronom|ca| thought. 1ho northorn stars woro worsh|ppod poss|b|y on tho mor|d|an, and a star r|s|ng |n tho oast was
worsh|ppod at oach oqu|nox.
8. 1ho subsoquont b|ank |n Egypt|an h|story was assoc|atod w|th cont||cts botwoon thoso and othor racos, wh|ch woro ondod by tho v|ctory ot tho
roprosontat|vos ot tho o|d worsh|p ot Annu, ro|ntorcod trom tho south, as |t north-star and south-star cu|ts had comb|nod aga|nst tho oqu|noct|a| cu|t.
Attor thoso cont||cts, oast and wost pyram|d bu||d|ng pract|ca||y coasod, Vomph|s takos socond p|aco, and 1hobos, a southorn Annu, so tar as
tho torm ot so|ar worsh|p and tho cu|t ot 3|t aro concornod, comos upon tho scono as tho soat ot tho two|tth dynasty.
4. 1ho subsoquont h|stor|ca| ovonts woro |argo|y duo to cont||cts w|th |ntrud|ng racos trom tho north-oast. 1ho |ntrudors ostab||shod thomso|vos |n
c|t|os w|th oast and wost wa||s, and woro on oach occas|on dr|von out by so|st|t|a| worsh|ppors who toundod dynast|os (o|ghtoonth and twonty-t|tth)
at 1hobos.
802
Wo sha|| not concorn ourso|vos w|th tho |ongthy argumonts that lockyoar prosontod |n ordor to arr|vo at thoso conc|us|ons, but noto on|y that tho
var|ous cont||cts |n Egypt - g|von lockyoar's astronom|ca| prom|so tor tomp|o or|ontat|on - woro |n a corta|n sonso as much about phys|cs as
thoy woro about ro||g|on. G|von tho tact that 3aby|on|an tomp|os woro wo|| known to bo assoc|atod w|th var|ous do|t|os and co|ost|a| bod|os, and
that Egypt's domonstrab|y woro as wo||, as lockyoar arguod, wo oowooto tbo poco|lor oct tbot tomp|os, or o roosoo os yot ookoowo, woro
c|oso|y ossoclotoo botb wltb co|ostlo| o|lgomoots ooo tbo mlotlog ooo lssoooco o bo||loo-bosoo moolos.
Ono poss|b|o roason tor tho assoc|at|on, howovor, |s suggostod by wo||-known spaco anoma||os rosoarchor l|chard C. |oag|and. Wo may
approach |oag|and's romarks by not|ng a cur|ous tact obsorvod by lockyoar: .ln lowor Egypt tho tomp|os aro po|ntod to r|s|ng stars noar tho
north po|nt ot tho hor|zon or sott|ng north ot wost. ln Uppor Egypt wo doa| ch|ot|y w|th tomp|os d|roctod to stars r|s|ng |n tho south-oast or sott|ng |ow
|n tho south-wost.'
808
1ho tact that so many anc|ont tomp|os show ov|donco both ot a protound assoc|at|on w|th tho stars through tho|r astro|og|ca|
a||gnmonts, and a|so ot |ntornat|ona| bank|ng through tho prom|nont assoc|at|on ot monoychangors w|th thoso tomp|os, |s an |nd|cator that at a
doop and protound |ovo| - porhaps as a |ogacy ot tho vory ||gh C|v|||zat|on trom wh|ch thoy sprang - thoso c|ass|ca| c|v|||zat|ons through tho|r
marr|ago ot bank|ng and astro|ogy prosorvod tho d|m momory ot a |ost sc|onco that un|t|od phys|cs, oconom|cs, and t|nanco.
|oag|and mado tho to||ow|ng |ntorost|ng sor|os ot obsorvat|ons |n 1002 dur|ng h|s prosontat|on ot tho Vars anoma||os ov|donco dur|ng a br|ot|ng
at tho Un|tod lat|ons:
Or tako tho 3un |tso|t. |or tho |ast sovora| yoars, sc|ont|sts havo boon |ook|ng tor nuc|oar part|c|os supposod|y com|ng trom tho contor ot tho 3un
bocauso ot |ts thormonuc|oar roact|ons, a k|nd ot 'cha|nod |-bomb' modo|. 3ut tor tho |ast 20 yoars, thoy havon't tound anywhoro noar as many ot
thoso part|c|os as modo|s wou|d prod|ct, |n tact, tho 3ov|ots and tho 1apanoso, who havo rocont|y brought on ||no oxpor|monts to moasuro
tundamonta| part|c|os, havo tound nono. ls |t poss|b|o that at tho vory contor ot our so|ar systom, th|s |ncrod|b|o b|az|ng ba|| ot gas, around wh|ch a||
tho wor|ds |n th|s systom orb|t, |s |n tact tuo|od trom anothor sourco? .Wo||, th|s opons up romarkab|o poss|b|||t|os wh|ch, whon wo |ook back at
our cu|turos on th|s p|anot, and tho|r attont|on to tho 3un, othors may havo a|so not|cod.
Whon wo |ook at tho stars, at tho sky at n|ght, wo'ro not soo|ng cha|nod and |mpr|sonod |-bombs, wo'ro soo|ng porto|s to anothor d|mons|on.
And tho porta|s aro g|ow|ng w|ndows through wh|ch wo can poor and g||mpso tho tragmonts ot a phys|cs trom anothor s|do. What |s stunn|ng |s
whon you tako that motaphor, and you go back and you road tho actua| Egypt|an doscr|pt|ons |n tho h|orog|yphs tor 3|r|us, tho br|ghtost star |n tho
sky, tho doscr|pt|on |s (that) 3|r|us |s a doorway. low what d|d thoy know? What d|d thoy know?
Now, |ooklog ot tbot os o twootlotb-cootory Egypto|oglst, or os o moooro ootbropo|oglst, or os ooy o tbo ocooomlcs |ooklog ot tbo blstory o
moo ooo orcbooo|ogy, tbo obvloos ooswor ls. 7boy oloo`t koowooytblog. lt wos o|| prlmltlvo soporstltloo.` . (Bot) wo coo oowbottross wltb
spocllc motbomotlco| |lokogos, wblcb loolcoto stroog|y (tbot) tbo Egyptloos, omoog otbors, woro prooooo|y oworo tbot tbo olgbt sky ooo o|| o
roo|lty ls somobowclrcomscrlboo by tbo pbyslcs bobloo tbo clrcomscrlboo goomotry glvoo to os oowby tbo Vooomoots o Vors. And that ot
courso |s an amaz|ng statomont to bo ab|o to mako.
Bot tboro`s oootbor, bocooso tbo tboogbt occorroo tboo, otor wo boo lgoroo tbls port oot - tbo potootlo|, tbo posslbl|lty - tbot l lo oct tbo
5oo ls o goto` to oootbor olmoosloo, ooo (tbot) tbo ooorgy wo soo ls moro|y o |owor-|ovo| troosormotloo o o blgbor-|ovo| orco or ooorgy or
procoss, lt moy bo posslb|o to borooss socb o procoss oo oortb ooo to crooto oo octoo| bypor-olmooslooo| tocboo|ogy. bot coo|o ooo
oo.
804
What, |ndood, d|d anc|ont Egypt, and by |mp||cat|on, a|| othor anc|ont cu|turos, w|th tho|r pors|stont and cons|stont assoc|at|on ot stars w|th do|t|os
or h|ghor |nto|||goncos' and othor d|mons|ons, know? Was thoro |ndood a doopor phys|cs boh|nd tho|r astro|og|ca| obsoss|ons? And what coo|o
ono do w|th that phys|cs? |oag|and has a|so suggostod somoth|ng o|so as wo||, and that |s that thoro |s a phys|cs connoct|on w|th tho anc|ont
t|xat|on on sacrod goomotry' and tho pos|t|on|ng ot var|ous tomp|os and bu||d|ngs on s|tos that ombody such goomotr|os, |n th|s caso, on Vars.
And why doos ono t|nd moooycboogors |nvar|ab|y assoc|atod w|th thoso tomp|os? Ono answor |s h|ntod at by lockyoar.
2. 1he PeculIar Resemblance o| Pantheons Between Cultures
lockyoar makos yot anothor port|nont obsorvat|on ro|ovant to our purposos. 1o undorstand |ts s|gn|t|canco, ono nood on|y cons|dor tho tact that |t
tomp|os aro assoc|atod w|th var|ous gods - whothor |n Egypt or Vosopotam|a - and var|ous gods |n turn aro assoc|atod w|th var|ous co|ost|a|
bod|os, thon thoro shou|d bo cons|dorab|o para||o| botwoon tho panthoons ot var|ous c|v|||zat|ons, s|nco, |n a word, tho undor|y|ng astronom|ca| data
aro tho samo. 1h|s, ho obsorvos, |s |n tact what ono actua||y soos. 1horo |s a pocu||ar para||o| botwoon tho Egypt god Annu or An, and tho
3aby|on|an Anu.
80b
Voro to tho po|nt, on an astro|og|ca|-astronom|ca| road|ng, tho gods b|ond |nto oach othor. |or oxamp|o, tho ch|ot god ot tho
Vosopotam|an c|ty ot Er|du was Ea, a.k.a. Enk|, a.k.a. Oannos, symbo||zod as a goat-t|sh.'
800
1h|s Ea or Enk| s|rod a son, 1ammuz, who was |n
somo way assoc|atod w|th Asar|,' who, notos lockyoar, has a namo susp|c|ous|y s|m||ar to tho Egypt|an Os|r|s.
807
1ho god 1ammuz |n turn
u|t|mato|y bocomos tho notor|ous|y murdorous god lorga| |n Cha|daoa.
808
lorga| by s|m||ar astronom|ca| convors|ons ovontua||y actua||y bocomos
tho 3pr|ng 3un Varduk' ot 3aby|on |tso|t.
800
ln othor words, |urk|ng boh|nd a|| thoso transtormat|ons and panthoon|c para||o|s |s tho assoc|at|on ot
Enk| w|th lorga| and Varduk, and v|a 1ammuz, w|th tho Egypt|an Os|r|s. 3uch panthoon|c para||o|s aro, onco aga|n, |nov|tab|o |t, as lockyoar
shows, tho gods thomso|vos aro assoc|atod w|th var|ous co|ost|a| bod|os. 1ho pattorns ot tho hoavons, as |t woro, tormod a tomp|ato w|th wh|ch to
assoc|ato corta|n gods and tho|r act|v|t|os.
|owovor, g|von tho tact that wo now havo tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot tomp|os not on|y w|th astronomy and astro|ogy, but w|th monoy |ssuanco and
thorotoro w|th m|n|ng, and g|von tho tact that wo havo d|scovorod throo s|gn|t|cant |nd|cators that wo may a|so bo |ook|ng at tho d|scroto and subt|o
act|ons ot an anc|ont |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' powor, tho s|m||ar|ty ot panthoons may havo othor than just astronom|ca| causos. lt may |ndood
bo a product ot tho do||borato man|pu|at|on ot thoso panthoons by an ont|ty that has ovory appoaranco ot bo|ng |ntornat|ona| |n oxtont and |nt|uonco
|n anc|ont t|mos. 3ut to what purposo? 1ho answor to that quost|on must untortunato|y awa|t tho noxt chaptor, as thoro |s a turthor assoc|at|on ot
gods, go|d and tomp|os to bo oxp|orod:
3. Gold, Gods, and Gems
1hat othor assoc|at|on |s w|th proc|ous and som|-proc|ous goms. lt |s a pocu||ar tact, notos rosoarchor Goorgo |rodor|ck Kunz, that
|rom tho oar||ost t|mos |n man's h|story goms and proc|ous stonos havo boon ho|d |n groat ostoom. 1hoy havo boon tound |n tho monumonts ot
proh|stor|c poop|os, and not a|ono tho c|v|||zat|on ot tho lharaohs, ot tho lncas, or ot tho Vontozumas |nvostod thoso br||||ant th|ngs trom laturo's
jowo| caskot w|th a s|gn|t|canco boyooo tbo moro soggostloo o tbolr lotrloslc proportlos.
810
3ut why g|vo such |toms a s|gn|t|canco boyond tho|r |ntr|ns|c proport|os'? Ono answor m|ght ||o |n tho|r wo||-known assoc|at|on w|th astro|ogy trom
anc|ont t|mos:
1ho mag|, tho w|so mon, tho soors, tho astro|ogors ot tho agos gono by tound much |n tho mattor ot goms that wo havo noar|y como to torgott|ng.
W|th thom oach gom possossod corta|n p|anotary attract|ons pocu||ar to |tso|t, corta|n att|n|t|os w|th tho var|ous v|rtuos, and a zod|aca| concordanco
w|th tho soasons ot tho yoar. Voroovor, thoso oar|y sagos woro t|rm bo||ovors |n tho |nt|uonco ot goms |n ono's nat|v|ty - that tho ov|| |n tho wor|d
cou|d bo kopt trom contam|nat|ng a ch||d propor|y protoctod by woar|ng tho appropr|ato ta||sman|c, nata|, and zod|aca| goms.
811
1hat |s to say, goms, s|nco thoy woro assoc|atod w|th corta|n co|ost|a| a||gnmonts, p|anotary bod|os, and housos ot tho zod|ac, cou|d qu|to ||tora||y,
on tho anc|ont v|ow, draw down (or ward ott!) tho |nt|uoncos ot thoso bod|os and a||gnmonts. 3ut why d|d such a bo||ot or|g|nato? What |s |ts
undor|y|ng causo?
3oarch as ono m|ght tor tho answor to thoso quost|ons am|d anc|ont toxts and tomos,
812
ono a|ways comos up ompty-handod, bo|ng mot w|th
tho baro and nakod assort|on tbot |t |s so, w|th porhaps now and thon an attompt - usua||y unconv|nc|ng - as to wby |t |s so. Kunz ovon notos that
dur|ng tho lona|ssanco an ottort was mado to t|nd a roason ot somo sort tor tho trad|t|ona| bo||ots.'
818
lor |s ho abovo suggost|ng that ovontua||y,
sc|onco |tso|t m|ght suggost tho roasons, or rathor, ro-d|scovor thom.
814
a. 1he 1radItIonal Powers AssocIated wIth Gems
loav|ng as|do tho spocu|at|vo sc|ont|t|c caso tor th|s assoc|at|on to a |ator chaptor, wo sha|| cata|oguo horo but a tow ot tho|r a||ogod powors and
v|rtuos attr|butod to thom by anc|ont |oro. Ono a|most un|vorsa| proporty attr|butod to thom |s tho ab|||ty to hoa| var|ous ma|ad|os and |nt|rm|t|os .
81b
Ottont|mos thoso woro assoc|atod spoc|t|ca||y to tho|r var|ous co|ors and ro|at|vo |um|nosconco.
810
ln ono caso, a ||ndu trad|t|on ovon doscr|bos
d|amonds as lndra's woapon.'
817
1horo aro, |n tho 3umor|an trad|t|on, stonos ot |ovo' and hato,' or, as tho 3umor|an ||tora||y has |t, un-|ovo.'
818
And as roadors ot my book 7bo Cosmlc or know, ono 3umor|an op|c, 7bo Eplc o Nloorto, |s noth|ng but a rathor du|| |nvontory-tak|ng ot somo
oxtraord|nary stonos that woro capturod attor a gruosomo war, shados ot tho |mag|nary sconar|o w|th wh|ch wo bogan th|s book!
810
And thoro aro ovon somo rathor spoc|a| casos ot powors attr|butod to gomstonos that mor|t c|osor attont|on.
(1} 8pecIal Case Number One: lnvIsIbIlIty
Kuns c|tos a passago trom tho 10b0 troast|so 1ho |a|thtu| lap|dary' by 1homas l|co|s that |s worth mont|on|ng horo. l|co|s bog|ns by
onumorat|ng a typ|ca| ||st ot tho roputod and assumod powors ot proc|ous goms:
Poroctlooom ooctos cootloorl lo cooso. 3ut |t cannot tru|y bo so spokon ot gomms [s|c| and prot|ous [s|c| stonos, tho ottocts ot wh|ch, by
lap|r|sts aro sa|d to bo, tho mak|ng ot mon r|ch and o|oquont, to prosorvo mon trom thundor and ||ghtn|ng, trom p|aguos and d|soasos, to movo
droams, to procuro s|oop, to toroto|| th|ngs to como, to mako mon w|so, to strongthon momory, to procuro honours, to h|ndor tasc|nat|ons and
w|tchcratts, to h|ndor s|othtu|noss, to put courago |nto mon, to koop mon chasto, to |ncroaso tr|ondsh|p, to h|ndor d|ttoronco and d|ssont|on.
1h|s |s a ta|r|y standard ||st, and ono can ovon undorstand tho attr|but|on ot tho powor to toroto|| th|ngs to como' to stonos, tor g|von tho|r
astro|og|ca| assoc|at|ons, |t stands to roason that tho prod|ct|vo proport|os ot astro|ogy shou|d bo assoc|atod w|th gomstonos. 3ut thon comos a
rathor unusua| statomont:
. ooo to moko moo lovlslb|o, os ls . olrmoo by A|bortos ooo otbors. ooo mooy otbor stroogo tblogs oro olrmoo o tbom ooo oscrlboo to
tbom, wblcb oro cootrory to tbo ootoros o gomms.
820
Ono wondors just what othor strango th|ngs' cou|d poss|b|y bo attr|butod to tho powors ot gomstonos boyond contorr|ng |nv|s|b|||ty!
1ho bo||ot that somo stonos cou|d contor |nv|s|b|||ty was ochood by a tourtoonth-contury a|chom|st, l|orro do 3on|taco, who c|a|mod that
d|amonds cou|d mako tho woaror |nv|s|b|o.
821
G|von that an a|chom|st |s mak|ng thoso c|a|ms, ono m|ght bo just|t|od |n draw|ng tho spocu|at|vo
conc|us|on that th|s oporat|on cou|d on|y occur at corta|n t|mos and undor corta|n cond|t|ons, g|von tho wo||-ostab||shod tact that most a|chom|sts
c|a|mod tho|r oporat|ons had to bo portormod at corta|n t|mos |n ordor tor thom to work.
(2} 8pecIal Case Number 1wo: MagnetIc LevItatIon, or AntI-GravIty
An ovon moro stunn|ng c|a|m |s mado |n a v|onnoso pr|nt ot 1700 and an accompany|ng toxt ot va|ont|n|, Vusoum musoorum odor d|o
vo||stnd|go 3chau-3hno,' an obscuro manuscr|pt pub||shod |n |rankturt-am-Va|n |n 1714:
Accord|ng to tho toxt accompany|ng a cur|ous pr|nt pub||shod |n v|onna |n 1700, tho attract|vo qua||t|os ot tho so-ca||od cora|-agato woro to bo
ut|||zod |n an a|r sh|p, tho |nvont|on ot a 3raz|||an pr|ost. Ovor tho hoad ot tho av|ator, as ho sat |n tho a|r-sh|p, thoro was a notwork ot |ron to wh|ch
|argo cora|-agatos woro attachod. 7boso woro oxpoctoo to bo|p lo orowlog op tbo sblp, wboo, tbroogb tbo boot o tbo soo`s roys, tbo stooos boo
ocqolroo mogootlc powor. 1ho ma|n ||tt|ng torco was prov|dod by powortu| magnots onc|osod |n two mota| sphoros, how tho magnots thomso|vos
woro to bo ra|sod |s not oxp|a|nod.
822
|oro |t |s ov|dont that, tor whatovor obscuro roason, cora|-agato was thought to somohow amp||ty tho ottocts ot magnots |n conjunct|on w|th
oxposuro to tho rays ot tho sun!
(3} 8pecIal Case Number 1hree: LIght-AbsorbIng and EmIttIng 8tones
A much moro sor|ous spoc|a| caso |s mont|onod by Kunz |n connoct|on w|th tho pocu||ar proport|os ot 3raz|||an d|amonds:
1ho powor ot absorb|ng sun||ght or art|t|c|a| ||ght and thon g|v|ng |t ott |n tho dark |s on|y possossod by corta|n d|amonds. 1hoso aro 3raz|||an
stonos, s||ght|y m||ky |n t|nt, or b|uo-wh|to as thoy aro otton tormod, and |t |s an |nc|udod substanco and not tho d|amond |tso|t g|v|ng |t out. W|||om|to,
kunz|to, spha|or|to (su|ph|do ot z|nc) and somo othor m|nora|s possoss tho samo powor. 1ho|r pocu||ar proporty may bo duo to tho prosonco ot a
s||ght quant|ty ot manganoso or to that ot somo ot tho uran|um sa|ts. 1hat |t |s on|y tho u|tra-v|o|ot rays that aro thus absorbod by thoso d|amonds |s
provod by tho tact that tho phonomonon |s not obsorvab|o whon a th|n p|ato ot g|ass |s |ntorposod botwoon tho sun||ght ot art|t|c|a| ||ght and tho
d|amond, as g|ass |s not travorsod by thoso rays..
On tho othor hand a|| d|amonds phosphorosco whon oxposod to tho rays ot rad|um, po|on|um, or act|n|um, ovon whon g|ass |s |ntorposod.
1roat|ng ot somo ot tho aspocts ot phosphorosconco |n d|amonds, 3|r W||||am Crookos says:
lo o vocoom, oxposoo to o blgb-toosloo corroot o o|octrlclty, olomooos pbospborosco o oloroot co|oors, most 3outh Atr|can d|amonds
sh|n|ng w|th a b|u|sh ||ght. 0|amonds trom othor |oca||t|os om|t br|ght b|uo, apr|cot, pa|o b|uo, rod, yo||ow|sh-groon, orango, and pa|o groon ||ght. 1ho
most phosphoroscont d|amonds aro thoso wh|ch aro t|uoroscont |n tho sun. Ono boaut|tu| groon d|amond |n my co||oct|on, whon phosphorosc|ng |n
a good vacuum, g|vos a|most as much ||ght as a cand|o, and you can oas||y road by |ts rays. 3ut tho t|mo has hard|y como whon d|amonds can bo
usod as domost|c |||um|nants!'
828
1h|s |s a rathor |ntorost|ng commont by Crookos, tor archaoo|og|sts havo |ong puzz|od how tho anc|ont Egypt|ans managod to soo |ns|do tho|r
tomp|os. lt ono grants tho propos|t|on that thoy may havo known ot and usod o|octr|c|ty or othor sourcos ot phosphorosconco, thon m|ght thoy
porhaps havo d|scovorod th|s qua||ty ot d|amonds or othor stonos?
ln answor to th|s quost|on, Kunz makos an |ntorost|ng obsorvat|on:
An o|d troat|so |n Grook, sa|d |n |ts t|t|o to como trom tho sanctuary ot tho tomp|o,' and conta|n|ng mator|a|, part|y ot Egypt|an or|g|n, may ho|p us to
undorstand somoth|ng ot tho procossos omp|oyod by a tomp|o pr|ost to |mpross tho common poop|o by tho s|ght ot |um|nous goms. 1ho wr|tor ot
tho troat|so doc|aros that tor tho product|on ot tho carbunc|o that sh|nos |n tho n|ght' uso was mado ot corta|n parts (ho says tho b||o') ot mar|no
an|ma|s whoso ontra||s, sca|os and bonos oxh|b|tod tho phonomonon ot phosphorosconco. lt propor|y troatod, proc|ous stonos (protorab|y
carbunc|os) wou|d g|ow so br|ght|y at n|ght that anyono own|ng such a stono cou|d road or wr|to by |ts ||ght as wo|| as ho cou|d by day||ght.'
824
loto that tho sourco tor th|s assort|on comos trom anc|ont Grook a|chom|ca| toxts. And a|chomy |s, ot courso, |nvar|ab|y assoc|atod w|th Egypt
and |ts tomp|os. Wo may roasonab|y assumo, thon, that such proport|os, |t known to tho anc|ont Egypt|an tomp|o pr|osthoods, woro among tho|r
most c|oso|y guardod socrots.
b. Gemstones, the ZodIac, and the Hebrew HIgh-PrIest's Ephod, or Breastplate
lorhaps tho most tam|||ar assoc|at|on ot proc|ous gomstonos w|th tho tomp|o and ro||g|on |n Wostorn cu|turo |s tho broastp|ato, or opboo, ot tho
|obrow h|gh pr|osts doscr|bod |n tho O|d 1ostamont ot tho 3|b|o, so |t |s worth paus|ng, botoro conc|ud|ng th|s chaptor, to tako stock ot tho var|ous
assoc|at|ons ot tho broastp|ato |n 1ow|sh |oro. Kunz obsorvos that |n labb|n|ca| |ogond |t |s ro|atod that tour proc|ous stonos woro g|von by God to
K|ng 3o|omon, ono ot thoso was tho omora|d. 1ho possoss|on ot tho tour stonos |s sa|d to havo ondowod tho w|so k|ng w|th powor ovor a||
croat|on.'
82b
1h|s |s a rathor broathtak|ng c|a|m tor tho powor ot thoso stonos, whatovor o|so thoy woro |n add|t|on to tho omora|d.
ln my book 7bo Cosmlc or l notod that s|m||ar c|a|ms woro mado tor tho 3umor|an 1ab|ots ot 0ost|ny,' stonos wh|ch a||ogod|y contorrod a||
tho powor ot tho un|vorso' on tho|r possossors, mak|ng thom a tochno|ogy h|gh|y pr|zod - and tought ovor - by tho var|ous 3umor|an gods.
820
|oro wo oncountor a s|m||ar c|a|m, trom a much |ator por|od, and |n a d|ttoront cu|turo. 3o|omon, ot courso, |s known not on|y tor h|s |ogondary
w|sdom and woa|th, but |s a|so assoc|atod w|th tho bu||d|ng ot a magn|t|cont tomp|o.
lt |s poss|b|o, |t such stonos ox|stod, that tho co|obratod |obrow k|ng woro thom |n a roya| vors|on ot tho pr|ost|y broastp|ato or opboo, tor thoro
do ox|st Assyr|an vors|ons ot tho broastp|ato, composod ot sovon goms - ono tor oach ot tho sovon p|anots ot Vosopotam|an astro|ogy - and to
bo worn by tho k|ng:
Among tho Assyr|an toxts g|v|ng tho tormu|ao tor |ncantat|ons and var|ous mag|ca| oporat|ons, thoro |s ono wh|ch troats ot an ornamont composod
ot sovon br||||ant stonos, to bo worn on tho broast ot tho k|ng as an amu|ot, |ndood, so groat was tho v|rtuo ot thoso stonos that thoy woro supposod
to const|tuto an ornamont tor tho gods a|so. 1ho toxt, as rondorod by |ossoy, |s as to||ows:
lncantat|on. 1ho sp|ond|d stonos! 1ho sp|ond|d stonos! 1ho stonos ot abundanco and joy.
Vado rosp|ondont tor tho t|osh ot tho gods.
1ho bo|o|lol stono, tho slrgorro stono, tho bo|o|o stono, tho soooo stono, tho okoo stono.
1ho oosbo stono, tho proc|ous stono o|mosbo, portoct |n co|ost|a| boauty.
1ho stono ot wh|ch tho plogo |s sot |n go|d.
l|acod upon tho sh|n|ng broast ot tho k|ng as an ornamont.
Azogsoo, blgb-prlost o Bo|, moko tbom sbloo, moko tbom spork|o!
lot tho ov|| ono koop a|oot trom tho dwo|||ng!'
827
loto carotu||y tho rotoronco to tho Assyr|an h|gh pr|ost, oxhort|ng h|m to mako tho stonos sh|no and spark|o, suggost|ng that not on|y d|d Egypt|an
tomp|o pr|osts havo a socrot ot mak|ng gomstonos phosphorosco, but that tho|r Vosopotam|an countorparts d|d as wo||.
3|m||ar broastp|atos woro assoc|atod w|th 3aby|on and ovon tho k|ng ot 1yro as wo||.
828
3o what ot tho |obrow h|gh pr|ost's broastp|ato? |oro
thoro |s a r|ch rabb|n|ca|, and ovon Vus||m, trad|t|on. 1ho 12 stonos ot tho h|gh pr|ost's broastp|ato aro t|rst assoc|atod w|th tho 12 ango|s who
guard tho gatos ot larad|so.'
820
1ho 1ow|sh h|stor|an ||av|us 1osophus, moroovor, rocords a trad|t|on |n wh|ch tho h|gh pr|ost's garmonts woro
a|so tastonod at tho shou|dors w|th phosphorosc|ng stonos.
880
Voroovor, oach ot tho 12 stonos ot tho broastp|ato was ongravod w|th tho namos ot
oach ot tho 12 tr|bos.
881
1osophus turthor assoc|atos tho 12 stonos ot tho opboo to tho 12 months ot tho yoar,
882
and to tho zod|ac as wo||.
888
3y
mod|aova| t|mos, 1ow|sh trad|t|on dot|n|to|y assoc|atod tho 12 tr|bos to tho s|gns ot tho zod|ac |n tho to||ow|ng corrospondonco:
1udah Ar|os
lssachar 1aurus
Zobu|un Gom|n|
loubon Cancor
3|moon loo
Gad v|rgo
Ephra|m l|bra
Vanassoh 3corp|o
3onjam|n 3ag|ttar|us
0an Capr|corn
laphta|| Aquar|us
Ashor l|scos
884
1ho broastp|ato, ||ko tho Ark ot tho Covonant, |s ono ot thoso objocts ot h|stor|ca| and ro||g|ous powor trom tho 1ow|sh tomp|o that, attor tho ta|| ot
1orusa|om to tho loman arm|os |n 70 A.0., sooms to d|sappoar trom h|story. Whoro d|d tho opboo w|th |ts proc|ous goms go?
Kunz's answor |s worth c|t|ng oxtons|vo|y:
(1)ho troasuros ot tho tomp|o woro carr|od ott to lomo, and wo |oarn trom 1osophus that tho broastp|ato was dopos|tod |n tho 1omp|o ot Concord,
wh|ch had boon oroctod by vospas|an. |oro |t |s bo||ovod to havo boon at tho t|mo ot tho sack|ng ot lomo by tho vanda|s undor Gonsor|c, |n 4bb,
a|though lov. C.W. K|ng th|nks |t |s not |mprobab|o that A|ar|c, k|ng ot tho v|s|goths, whon ho sackod lomo |n 410 A.0., m|ght havo socurod th|s
troasuro. lowovor, tbo oxpross stotomoot o Procoplos tbot tbo vosso|s o tbo 1ows' woro corrloo tbroogb tbo stroots o Coostootloop|o, oo tbo
occosloo o tbo Voooo|lc trlompb o Bo|lsorlos, lo 584, moy bo tokoo os o coolrmotloo o tbo coojoctoro tbot tbo Voooo|s boo socoroo
possossloo o tbo broostp|oto ooo lts jowo|s.
lt most, bowovor, bo coroo||y ootoo tbot Procoplos oowboro mootloos tbo broostp|oto ooo tbot lt oooo oot bovo booo loc|oooo omoog tbo
vosso|s o tbo 1ows.' lt appoars that th|s part ot tho spo||s ot 3o||sar|us was p|acod by 1ust|n|an (4880b0b) |n tho sacr|sty ot tho church ot 3t.
3oph|a. 3omo t|mo |ator, tho omporor |s sa|d to havo hoard ot tho say|ng ot a corta|n 1ow to tho ottoct that, unt|| tho troasuros ot tho 1omp|o woro
rostorod to 1orusa|om, thoy wou|d br|ng m|stortuno upon any p|aco whoro thoy m|ght bo kopt. lt th|s story bo truo, 1ust|n|an may havo to|t that tho
tato ot lomo was a |osson tor h|m, and that Constant|nop|o must bo savod trom a ||ko d|sastor. Vovod by such cons|dorat|ons, ho |s sa|d to havo
sont tho sacrod vosso|s' to 1orusa|om, and thoy woro p|acod |n tho Church ot tho |o|y 3opu|chro.
1h|s br|ngs us to tho |ast two ovonts wh|ch can ovon bo p|aus|b|y connoctod w|th tho myst|c 12 goms - namo|y, tho capturo and sack ot
1orusa|om by tho 3assan|an lors|an k|ng, Khusrau ll, |n 01b, and tho ovorthrow ot tho 3assan|an Emp|ro by tho Vohammodan Arabs, and tho
capturo and sack ot Ctos|phon, |n 087. lt wo adm|t that Khusrau took tho sacrod ro||cs ot tho 1omp|o w|th h|m to lors|a, wo may bo roasonab|y suro
that thoy woro |nc|udod among tho spo||s socurod by tho Arab conquorors, a|though K|ng, who has |ngon|ous|y ondoavorod to traco out tho h|story
ot tho broastp|ato jowo|s attor tho ta|| ot 1orusa|om |n 70 A.0., bo||ovos that thoy may bo st||| bur|od |n somo unknown troasuro-chambor ot ono ot
tho o|d lors|an cap|ta|s.'
A tact wh|ch had gonora||y boon ovor|ookod by thoso who havo ombarkod on tho soa ot conjocturo ro|at|vo to tho tato ot tho broastp|ato stonos |s
that a |argo 1ow|sh cont|ngont, numbor|ng somo twonty-s|x thousand mon, tormod part ot tho torco w|th wh|ch tho 3assan|an lors|ans capturod
1orusa|om, and thoy m|ght wo|| |ay c|a|m to any 1ow|sh vosso|s ot jowo|s that may havo boon socurod by tho conquorors. ln th|s caso, howovor, |t |s
st||| probab|o that thoso proc|ous objocts to|| |nto tho hands ot tho Vohammodans who capturod 1orusa|om |n tho samo yoar |n wh|ch thoy took
Ctos|phon.
88b
Contrary to a|| thoso who bo||ovo that tho Ark and broastp|ato ondod up |n tho Wost |n tho hands ot tho vanda|s and v|s|goths, Kunz |s corroct, tor
by |njoct|ng tho East loman Emp|ro back |nto tho oquat|on, ho |s c|oar|y say|ng, look oast rathor than wost' |t ono w|shos to d|scovor tho
whoroabouts ot tho o|d 1ow|sh tomp|o troasuro.
880
C. CONCLu5|ON5
1ho to||ow|ng consto||at|on ot ro|at|onsh|ps, and |mp||cat|ons, has boon oxh|b|tod |n th|s chaptor:
1. 1horo aro at |oast throo d|sparato and s|gn|t|cant c|uos to tho ox|stonco ot an |ntornat|ona| monoy powor |n anc|ont t|mos, and to |ts ro||anco upon
proc|ous mota| bu|||on as a mod|um ot monotary oxchango:
a. 1ho unusua| bu|||on po||c|os ot lomo v|s-a-v|s tho Or|ont, wh|ch po||c|os woro v|rtua| oppos|tos ot oach othor w|th rospoct to tho ro|at|vo
va|uat|on ot s||vor and go|d bu|||on. 3uch roc|proca| po||c|os cou|d, ot courso, h|gh|y bonot|t an |ntornat|ona| monoy powor w|th basos ot
oporat|ons |n both p|acos, tor by transtorr|ng go|d to tho oast and convort|ng |t to s||vor, and roap|ng tho toos thoroot, and thon s||vor to tho
wost and convort|ng aga|n to go|d, vast prot|ts cou|d bo accumu|atod,
b. 1ho a|most un|vorsa| assoc|at|on ot tomp|os w|th m|nt|ng, trom tho V|dd|o East to Ch|na and lnd|a, and,
c. 1ho prosonco ot an |ntornat|ona| cont|ngont ot morconar|os trom var|ous countr|os and statos at ono ot ant|qu|ty's |argost go|d m|nos at
3|sharoo, m|nos wh|ch |n turn aro workod by s|avos and pr|sonors ot war.
2. ln add|t|on to tho assoc|at|on ot tomp|os w|th tho m|nt|ng and |ssuanco ot monoy, and thorotoro w|th m|n|ng act|v|ty, thoso tomp|os aro a|so
assoc|atod w|th astronomy and astro|ogy,
8. Add|t|ona||y, astro|ogy and astronomy aro |n turn assoc|atod w|th proc|ous gomstonos, oach typo ot wh|ch |s assoc|atod w|th var|ous p|anotary
bod|os and tho|r |nt|uoncos,
4. 1ho var|ous gods ot tho panthoons ot tho V|dd|o East, s|nco thoy can at ono |ovo| bo docodod as co|ost|a| bod|os, aro para||o|, that |s to say, tho
var|ous panthoons thomso|vos show romarkab|o para||o|s duo to tho|r s|m||ar astro|og|ca| dor|vat|on. At th|s juncturo, a s|gn|t|cant quost|on was
|mp||od:
a. Cou|d tho para||o||sm ot var|ous panthoons bo duo not on|y to tho|r astronom|ca| dor|vat|on, but a|so bocauso ot tho act|v|ty ot that c|ass ot
|ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors that appoars to bo assoc|atod w|th tho tomp|o |n a|| |ands, and |nt|uonc|ng tho bu|||on po||cy to |ts advantago |n
sovora| statos?
b. lt so, thon |s thoro a doopor roason tor tho|r assoc|at|on w|th tho pract|co ot astro|ogy |n tho tomp|os? lt thoro |s, thon what |s |t? And what
|s tho connoct|on botwoon a|| th|s, and proc|ous gomstonos?
c. 1hoso gomstonos woro soon |n turn by tho anc|onts and |n osotor|c trad|t|on to havo corta|n powors, among thoso wo noto tho to||ow|ng:
|) 1hoy possossod tho powor to hoa|,
||) 1hoy possossod tho powor to prod|ct tho tuturo,
|||) 1hoy cou|d phosphorosco undor corta|n cond|t|ons, and th|s was most ||ko|y a c|oso|y ho|d socrot ot tho tomp|o pr|osthoods |n
var|ous c|v|||zat|ons,
|v) 1hoy contorrod |nv|s|b|||ty,
v) 1hoy contorrod tho powor to |ov|tato,
v|) ln 3o|omon's caso, corta|n stonos contorrod powor ovor croat|on.
Wo aro thus |n tho prosonco ot a comp|ox dynam|c, and mak|ng sonso ot |t w||| not bo oasy, but botoro wo can addross th|s |ssuo, wo must
assomb|o moro data by tak|ng a c|osor |ook at tho act|v|t|os ot th|s anc|ont bu|||on brokors' |ntornat|ona|,' tor thoso act|v|t|os w||| d|sc|oso tho
common throad and c|uo: a|chomy.
Fivo
NONEY, NONO1EE|5N, NONARCE|E5 AND N|L|1AR|E5
1|E 1|E3l3 O| 0Avl0 A31lE
7boy oro bot poogy ooo s|y |ltt|o moo os mocb ovorwbo|moo by tbo moostor tboy bovo rolsoo, os oro tbo oo|lsb ootloos
tbot pormlttoo tbom to oo so.'
- Lovlo Ast|o
887
A. 1EE 51A1E OF EV|DENCE AND 1EE NEED FOR 5PECuLA1|ON
0av|d Ast|o |s a rosoarchor who has assomb|od a mass|vo databaso and wo||-arguod caso tor tho ox|stonco, |n anc|ont t|mos, ot an |ntornat|ona|
bu|||on brokors' trust, a|||od w|th tho tomp|o, man|pu|at|ng govornmonts, ro||g|ons, panthoons and po||c|os boh|nd tho sconos tor |ts own bonot|t and
agonda. As such our oxam|nat|on horo can on|y bo a br|ot rov|ow ot h|s work. lt |s to bo omphas|zod that th|s rov|ow |s but a sma|| samp||ng ot tho
typos ot ov|donco and ana|ysos that Ast|o prov|dos.
888
1h|s bo|ng sa|d, Ast|o h|mso|t prov|dos a strong caut|onary noto on tho d|tt|cu|t stato ot tho ov|donco, and tho nood tor spocu|at|on. lot|ng that a||
anc|ont soc|ot|os had a systom ot stato warohousos connoctod w|th |ts monoy co|n|ng and rogu|at|ng powor, Ast|o statos that
ln a|most a|| ot tho works ot tho groat archaoo|og|sts and scho|ars spoc|a||z|ng |n tho anc|ont c|v|||zat|ons, thoro |s a v|rtua| s||onco on that a||
|mportant mattor, tho systom ot d|str|but|on ot tood surp|usos, and surp|usos ot a|| thoso |toms noodod towards tho ma|ntonanco ot a good and
cont|nu|ng ||to so tar as woro roqu|rod by c||mato and custom.
ln a|| tho wr|t|ngs ot thoso groat and pract|ca| scho|ars, tho work|ngs ot that m|ghty ong|no wh|ch |njocts tho un|t ot oxchango amongst tho poop|os,
and w|thout wh|ch no c|v|||zat|on as wo know |t can como to bo, |s on|y |nd|catod by a protound s||onco. O tbo systom o oxcboogos, o tbo oolt o
oxcboogo ooo lts lssoo by prlvoto loolvlooo|s, os olstloct rom lts lssoo by tbo ootborlty o sovorolgo ro|o, oo tbls o|| lmportoot mottor govorolog
lo socb toto|lty tbo coooltloos o progrossloo loto tbo otoro o tboso poop|os, oot o woro to spook o.
880
1horo |s a ro|atod quost|on, and Ast|o |s qu|ck to porco|vo |t: not on|y |s thoro a pauc|ty ot ov|donco ro|at|ng how such an |ntornat|ona| bu|||on
brokors' c|ass m|ght havo ar|son nor ov|donco as to what croatod thom,'
840
|t |s tho porvas|vo and a|most un|vorsa| absonco ot such ov|donco that
bordors on tho myst|ty|ng.' Add|t|ona||y, thoro |s |n scho|ar|y ||toraturo on anc|ont |ntornat|ona| monotary po||cy a comp|oto ta||uro to spocu|ato on
thoso most |mportant mattors at a||.' 3ut most |mportant|y, Ast|o obsorvos, thoro |s a comp|oto absonco ot spocu|at|on on tho truo naturo ot tho
ooorgy soorco by wblcb socb mocbloory wos orlvoo.'
841
Wh||o Ast|o c|oar|y throughout h|s work bo||ovos that onorgy sourco to bo tho w|dosproad pract|co ot s|avory |n anc|ont t|mos, and wh||o wo tond
to agroo w|th h|m |nsotar as that goos, thoro |s a ooopor quost|on that Ast|o's commonts d|sc|oso: was thoro anothor and doopor onorgy sourco
that ox|stod |n, or was bo|ng sought by, thoso anc|ont bu|||on brokors'' tratorn|t|os bos|dos s|avory?
ln any caso, |t |s th|s porp|ox|ng s||onco on such cruc|a| mattors that ca||s tor, |ndood a|most compo|s, spocu|at|on to t||| tho vo|d.
lract|ca||y no |ntormat|on sooms to ox|st ot tho growth ot pr|vato monoy croat|on |n tho days ot tho anc|ont c|ty statos ot Vosopotam|a ot
wh|ch, bocauso ot tho|r rocords bo|ng prosorvod on t|ro-bakod c|ay, moro |s known than ot moro rocont c|v|||zat|ons, and tho gap must
nocossar||y bo t|||od by a corta|n amount ot spocu|at|on. Lltt|o ls koowo o tbo bogloologs o tbo roooo|oot lssoooco by prlvoto porsoos o
tbo oolt o oxcboogo, os lo opposltloo to tbo |owo tbo goos rom wbom klogs lo oocloot tlmos c|olmoo to oorlvo tbolr olvloo orlglo.
842
1hus, wo now oncountor a now dynam|c: |t tho assumpt|on ot tho ox|stonco ot a pr|vato |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' powor has mor|t, thon thoro |s a
cont||ct botwoon |ts pr|vato monoy-croat|ng powors and that ot tho var|ous statos w|th|n wh|ch |t ox|sts. 1horo aro thus two oporat|ng un|ts ot
oxchango accord|ng to Ast|o: on tho ono hand, ono has tho c|rcu|at|on ot co|ns ot bu|||on as a un|t ot oxchango, wh|ch co|ns woro |ssuod by tomp|os
and tho|r a|||os, tho bu|||on brokors, thoso who contro||od tho m|nos and s|avos. On tho othor hand, ono has tho |ssuanco - |n Vosopotam|a - ot
c|ay un|ts ot oxchango, |ssuod by tho stato powor |tso|t |n conjunct|on w|th tho tomp|o, wh|ch un|ts woro backod by tho surp|usos ot tho stato
warohousos.
848
1. AncIent and Modern BankIng ConspIracy
lotw|thstand|ng a|| th|s, Ast|o adm|ts, |argo|y on tho typos ot cons|dorat|ons advancod |n tho prov|ous chaptor horo, that thoro aro s|gn|t|cant
|nd|cators w|th|n anc|ont soc|ot|os ot
.(1)ho ox|stonco ot a tar-roach|ng consp|racy |n rospoct to monotary |ssuanco |nt|uonc|ng tho progross|on ot man's h|story |n tho oar||ost t|mos ot
wh|ch wr|tton rocords ox|sts. lt |s a|so outstand|ng|y c|oar that |t was paront to that acknow|odgod and most obv|ous consp|racy such as ox|sts
today.
844
1horo |s, |n othor words, moro or |oss a cont|nu|ty botwoon anc|ont t|mos and modorn onos. 1ho quost|on |s: what |s tho naturo ot that cont|nu|ty? ls
|t moro|y concoptua|, rootod |n tho s|m||ar|t|os ot goa|s, mothods, and bo||ots ot tho poop|o ongagod |n such act|v|tos? Or |s tho cont|nu|ty doopor?
0oos |t oxtond to actua| doscont ot corta|n tam|||os and groups down through h|story? As w||| bo soon |n th|s chaptor, ono can answor at |oast tho
t|rst quost|on w|th a rosound|ng att|rmat|vo. And as w||| bo soon momontar||y, thoro aro a|so s|gn|t|cant |nd|cators that tho socond quost|on may bo
att|rmat|vo|y answorod |n somo casos as wo||.
B. 1EE NED|uN OF EXCEANCE AND BuLL|ON A5 AN ORDER ON 51A1E WAREEOu5E5
Ast|o's argumont, wh||o protound, |s not a|ways oas||y soon, scattorod as |t |s throughout h|s book. Caro |s roqu|rod |n not|c|ng |ts stops and
tak|ng duo account ot thom |n ordor that |ts transparoncy may bo tu||y oxh|b|tod. Wo havo a|roady notod |n tho prov|ous chaptor, and |n th|s ono, tho
to||ow|ng th|ngs:
1. 1ho rogu|at|on ot tho va|uo ot monoy was ostab||shod by |aw and rogu|atod by tho stato or crown, whoso so|o prorogat|vo was tho |ssuanco and
rogu|at|on ot such un|ts ot monoy,
2. 1horo was a doop and protound ro|at|onsh|p botwoon tho m|nt|ng and |ssuanco ot such monoy |n tho torm ot bu|||on-basod co|ns by tho crown or
stato powor, and tho tomp|o,
8. Prlor to th|s por|od, howovor, |n Vosopotam|a, tho un|ts ot oxchango, as notod by Ast|o, woro s|mp|y c|ay tab|ots ot crod|t aga|nst tho surp|us |n tho
stato warohouso.
lt |s at th|s |ast po|nt that tho story, and Ast|o's argumont, roa||y bog|ns.
1ho roason |s oas||y soon, tor |t ono woro to conduct trado botwooo statos, tho |ssuancos ot monoy |n tho torm ot |ottors ot crod|t aga|nst a g|von
stato's warohouso surp|us wou|d |nh|b|t, rathor than a|d, such trado. Anothor mochan|sm was roqu|rod that wou|d not roqu|ro a d|p|omat|c
nogot|at|on botwoon statos tor oach and ovory trado. 1hus, at ono and tho samo t|mo as a mod|um ot |ntornat| ona| oxchango |s moro or |oss
agrood upon, thoro a|so ar|sos an |ntornat|ona| c|ass ot morchants conduct|ng such trado and oxorc|s|ng swoop|ng |nt|uonco ovor thoso un|ts ot
oxchango. Ast|o statos |t w|th h|s charactor|st|c sharpnoss and conc|s|on:
1hrough stoa|thy |ssuo ot proc|ous mota| commod|ty monoy |nto c|rcu|at|on amongst tho poop|os, rop|ac|ng that monoy wh|ch roprosontod tho t|at ot
w||| ot tho god ot tho c|ty and wh|ch was moro|y an ordor on tho stato warohousos through h|s scr|bos, th|s |ntornat|ona||y-m|ndod group trom tho
socrocy ot tho|r chambors woro ab|o to mako a mockory ot tho ta|th and bo||ot ot tho s|mp|o poop|o.
84b
ln othor words, at a corta|n juncturo and by tho naturo ot tho caso, thoro w||| bo two mon|os |n c|rcu|at|on, ono croatod by a pr|vato group and basod
on bu|||on commod|ty monoy |ssuod os o ocslml|o o tbo stoto moooy or wblcb lt coo bo troooo ooo sobstltotoo, and tho socond, tho or|g|na|
stato-|ssuod monoy. lt shou|d bo notod that th|s s|tuat|on |s a|most oxact|y para||o|od |n modorn t|mos by tho |ssuanco ot stato monoy and pr|vato
notos both |n Eng|and and |n tho Un|tod 3tatos.
840
ln both tho anc|ont and modorn |nstancos, tho pr|vato|y-|ssuod monoy gradua||y and w|th
|noxorab|o |nov|tab|||ty rop|acos tho stato |ssuanco, and w|th that occurronco, tho powor ot tho pr|vato |ssuors ot such mon|os |s ostab||shod ovor a
soc|oty.
3ut how was th|s subst|tut|on actua||y mado? What was tho stratagom that mado |t poss|b|o tor anc|ont bu|||on brokors to ach|ovo th|s
oxtraord|nary and swoop|ng |nt|uonco ovor anc|ont statos? 1ho answors to thoso quost|ons roqu|ro an ovon c|osor |ook.
1. 1he Control o| MInIng and BullIon
1ho |ssuanco ot bu|||on-basod mon|os |mp||os somoth|ng vory s|gn|t|cant, and Ast|o |s qu|ck to porco|vo |t:
1ho who|o not|on ot tho |nst|tut|on ot proc|ous mota|s by wo|ght as common donom|nator ot oxchangos, |ntornat|ona||y and nat|ona||y, cannot but
havo boon d|ssom|natod by a consp|rator|a| organ|zat|on tu||y awaro ot tho oxtont ot tho powor to wh|ch |t wou|d accodo, coo|o lt bot molotolo
cootro| ovor bo||loo sopp|los ooo tbo mlolog wblcb broogbt tbom loto bolog lo tbo lrst p|oco.
847
Wo havo a|roady soon how Egypt's 3|sharoo m|nos, w|th tho|r cont|ngont ot |ntornat|ona| morconary guards, |mp||os tho ox|stonco ot such an
|ntornat|ona| c|ass ot morchants and bu|||on brokors.
As an |nov|tab|o consoquonco ot such act|v|ty, tho |aw ot tho ru|or prov|ous|y oxorc|sod towards tho wo||-bo|ng ot tho poop|o |n that m|ght ||vo a
good and honourab|o ||to accord|ng|y bocamo corruptod,'
848
s|nco that crown powor was |nov|tab|y |n co||us|on w|th tho vory c|ass undorm|n|ng |ts
powor. 1h|s tact |s attostod by tho r|so ot |aws ot pun|shmont condomn|ng |awbroakors to a ||tot|mo ot s|avory work|ng tho som|-pr|vato m|nos wh|ch
supp||od both tho stato and tho morchants w|th tho mod|um ot oxchango that croatod tho|r prot|ts. Aga|n, tho s|tuat|on |s a|most oxact|y para||o|od by
modorn t|mos, whoro ono aga|n oncountors a pr|vato mon|od c|ass |n co||us|on w|th tho stato powor tor tho oxpans|on ot tho|r powors ovor tho groat
massos ot poop|o.
A turthor |mp||cat|on ta||s out trom th|s, and aga|n, ono porco|vos |nstant|y tho modorn para||o|:
K|ngs |argo|y bocamo tho mouthp|oco and sword arm ot thoso som|-socrot soc|ot|os that contro||od tho mator|a| ot monoy as |ts outward and
v|s|b|o symbo|s camo to bo rostr|ctod to go|d, s||vor, and coppor. 1ho t|at ot tho god |n hoavon wh|ch had boon tho doc|s|vo torco boh|nd that
wh|ch brought about an oqu|tab|o oxchango, was rop|acod by tho w||| ot thoso c|assos contro|||ng tho undortonos ot c|v|||zat|on, |oadors ot tho wor|d
ot s|avo dr|vors, caravanoors, outcasts and cr|m|na|s gonora||y, such as was to bo d|scornod on tho odgos ot tho anc|ont c|ty c|v|||zat|ons... 1ho
|nstrumont ot th|s w||| was proc|ous mota|, whoso supp|y was contro||od by tho |oadors ot thoso c|assos through tho|r contro| ot tho s|avo trado, s|nco
m|n|ng was raro|y prot|tab|o |n tho caso ot tho proc|ous mota|s, oxcopt w|th s|avo |abour.
840
ln support ot th|s contont|on, Ast|o notos that pr|or to tho tourth contury 3.C., tho |nst|tut|on ot s|avory had boon moro |n tho naturo ot a bon|gn
custom s|m||ar to tho custom ot tho bondod sorvant or appront|co ot tho 18
th
and 10
th
contur|os |n lorthorn Europo.'
8b0
Attor that por|od, howovor,
|t bocamo an oxtons|vo and |ntornat|ona| trado, comp|oto w|th wh|ps and cha|ns and a|| tho |magory ot human suttor|ng ono assoc|atos w|th tho
|nst|tut|on.
1hus wo now havo an |ncroas|ng|y oxpandod, and |ntorost|ng, consto||at|on ot ro|at|onsh|ps:
1. A ro|at|onsh|p botwoon pr|ost-k|ngs, tho tomp|o, monoy m|nt|ng and |ssuanco, and a pr|vato c|ass ot |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors,
2. A ro|at|onsh|p ot tho |attor c|ass w|th tho s|avo trado nocossary to conduct prot|tab|o m|n|ng to c|rcu|ato bu|||on as a mod|um ot oxchango,
8. A ro|at|onsh|p ot tho tomp|o w|th monoy m|nt|ng and |ssuanco on boha|t ot that pr|vato c|ass ot bu|||on brokors and s|avo tradors, and t|na||y,
4. A ro|at|onsh|p ot tho tomp|o to astro|ogy and a|| |ts assoc|atod accoutromonts: goms, sacrod goomotry, oarth gr|d |ocat|ons tor tomp|os, pr|ost-
mag|c|ans, torocastors, and so on.
1ho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon th|s pr|vato c|ass and tho tomp|os |n var|ous statos oxorc|sod a corrospond|ng|y corrupt|ng |nt|uonco on tho|r
pr|osthoods:
.(l)t |s c|oar that w|th tho growth ot s||vor |n c|rcu|at|on botwoon pr|vato porsons, and botwoon pr|vato porsons and statos, as now wou|d bocomo
an |nov|tab|||ty, that wh|ch had boon tota| oconom|c contro| trom tho gods through h|s sorvants |n tho Z|ggurat, was bypassod, and morchants woro
not ab|o to doa| pr|vato|y us|ng tho|r crod|t, or powors ot abstract monoy croat|on. 1hoy woro a|so ab|o, through tho|r contro| ot d|stant m|n|ng
oporat|ons, to att||ct a prov|ous|y dod|catod pr|osthood w|th thought ot porsona| possoss|on, and through tho contro| ot manutacturo ot woapons |n
d|stant p|acos, thoy woro ab|o to arm war||ko poop|os towards tho dostruct|on ot whosoovor thoy m|ght chooso.
8b1
lot|co tho dynam|c subt|y suggostod horo, tor through |ts assoc|at|ons w|th tho var|ous tomp|o pr|osthoods such a c|ass a|so |nt|uoncos war
po||c|os ot tho var|ous statos undor |ts |nt|uonco, and thoso as m|ght bo oxpoctod cou|d otton bo |n tho gu|so ot ro||g|ous cont||cts.
8b2
C|t|ng scho|ar 1.3.l. Wobstor, Ast|o commonts at |ongth on th|s dynam|c:
1ho A|a|akh tab|ots a|so rocord coppor d|str|butod to sm|ths, but not |n add|t|on |t |s to bo usod tor mak|ng baskots or arrowhoads, and tho K|ng ot
Assyr|a sont coppor to Var| to bo mado |nto na||s by tho |oca| crattsmon. A loport trom ly|os that tho woodcuttors |n two p|acos aro do||vor|ng 1b0
ax|os and 1b0 spars tor tho char|ot tactory may bo comparod w|th tho Ugart|c toxts on tho do||vory ot wood tor tho mak|ng ot arms, and a noto ot
wood do||vorod to tho carpontors tor tho construct|on ot wagons |n A|a|akh. Wo mado horo a|so trom ly|os a ||st ot woodon objocts mado, a ||st ot
vosso|s roco|vod by mon (porhaps Vayors) |n var|ous p|acos and a noto ot p|ocos ot |vory, to sot bos|do th|s rathor s|ondor ov|donco ot Vyconaoan
manutacturo, A|a|akh prov|dos a rocord ot s|xty-tour bus|noss housos and tho|r produco, thoy |nc|udo sm|ths, |oathor workors, jo|nors, and
cartwr|ghts.'
8b8
7bos lt sooms tbot wboro tbo coocoptloo o moooy os to o sl|vor stooooro oxlstoo os ot Ugorlt ooo A|o|okb, so o|so oxlstoo orgoolzoo
looostry, loc|oolog ootstooolog|y tbo prlvoto mooooctoro o orms oooor motboos tbot oppoor to bo tboso o soml-moss proooctloos. lt ls oot
wltboot slgollcooco tbot tbls oor|y oro o prlvoto|y lssooo moooy (socb os wos sl|vor moooy), ooo coosoqooot prlvoto looostry, portlco|or|y tbot
wblcb wos oovotoo to orms mooooctoro, wos lo cortolo oroos so colocloooto| wltb tbo mosslvo movomoots o wor|lko poop|os, ooo tbo co||opso
o oocloot omplros tbot boo |lvoo |oog oooor tbo pottoro o |lo koowo os tbot o tbo Aocloot Orloot. Conquor|ng poop|os noodod tho bost ot arms.
lt sooms that tho bost ot arms woro obta|nab|o trom pr|vato |ndustry, and pr|vato |ndustry |n |ts turn noodod s||vor or go|d or |abour, wh|ch was
s|avos, |n paymont. 3oth woro obta|nab|o as tho rosu|t ot war. 1horotoro para||o|, though not ont|ro|y tho samo as |n today, tho moro war, tho moro
|ndustry, and tho moro tho nood tor tho products ot tho monoy croators' |odgors. |onco bocamo tho moro abso|uto tho contro| ot that wh|ch most ot
a|| dos|gns |ndustry and |ts accompany|ng s|avory |n ono torm or anothor, namo|y, tho pr|vato monoy croat|vo powor.
8b4
ln othor words, tho c|uos havo boon thoro a|| a|ong, |t |s just that no ono has not|cod thom, tor tho groat war-mak|ng omp|ros ot Vosopotam|a
woro |nvo|vod w|th pr|vato arms manutacturo and pr|vato monoy |ssuanco. 1h|s tact w||| |oom on|y |argor as wo procood.
3ut such |argo manutactur|ng and monotary concorns on|y |oad |noxorab|y back to tho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon crown and tomp|o. 1ho ronownod
h|stor|an Chr|stophor 0awson out||nos tho ro|at|onsh|p w|th a s|mp||c|ty prognant tor |mp||cat|ons:
Or|g|na||y tho stato and tho tomp|o corporat|ons woro tho on|y bod|os wh|ch possossod tho nocossary stab|||ty and rosourcos tor ostab||sh|ng
w|dosproad commorc|a| ro|at|ons. 1omp|o sorvants woro sont on d|stant m|ss|ons, prov|dod w|th |ottors ot crod|t wh|ch onab|od thom to obta|n
supp||os |n othor c|t|os. Voroovor tho tomp|o was tho bank ot tho commun|ty through wh|ch monoy cou|d bo |ont at |ntorost and advancos mado to
tho tarmor on tho socur|ty ot h|s crop. 1hus |n tho courso ot tho 8
rd
m|||onn|um thoro grow up |n Vosopotam|a a rogu|ar monoy oconomy basod on
proc|ous mota|s as standards ot oxchango, wh|ch st|mu|atod pr|vato woa|th and ontorpr|so and |od to roa| cap|ta||st dovo|opmont. 1ho tomp|o and
tho pa|aco roma|nod tho contros ot tho oconom|c ||to ot tho commun|ty bot by tbolr sloo ooo oooor tbolr sbo|tor tboro oovo|opoo o mooy slooo
octlvlty wblcb oooo oxprossloo lo tbo gol|os o tbo roo crotsmoo ooo tbo morcboots, ooo tbo prlvoto ootorprlso o tbo loolvlooo| coplto|lst.
8bb
1o put |t s|mp|y, tho tact ot tho ox|stonco ot th|s c|ass |s not d|sputod by roputab|o h|stor|ans. And tho |ntornat|ona| oxtont ot th|s trado shou|d not bo
ovor|ookod, tor trado was known to oxtond trom tho c|ty ot Ur ovor tho who|o known wor|d wh|ch corta|n|y roachod as tar at|o|d as Europo, bo|ng
carr|od on by moans ot |ottors ot crod|t, b|||s ot oxchango and 'prom|sos to pay' (choquos), mado out |n torms ot stap|o nocoss|t|os, ot ||to
oxprossod lo torms o sl|vor ot vo|ootloo o bor|oy (probab|y at a g|von soason ot tho yoar).'
8b0
1h|s stato ot atta|rs c|oar|y |mp||os an |ntornat|ona|
oxtont to somo bank|ng and morchant c|ass, |n a|||anco w|th tho tomp|os ot var|ous statos. 3ut how wou|d such a c|ass ar|so and usurp tho crown
prorogat|vo ot monoy m|nt|ng, va|uo rogu|at|on, and |ssuanco?
2. AncIent Babylon and Egypt
1ho answor to th|s quost|on roqu|ros a c|osor scrut|ny ot tho two major m|||tary and t|nanc|a| powors ot that ago: Egypt and 3aby|on. As notod so
tar, 3aby|on|an monoy |n|t|a||y cons|stod ot c|rcu|at|ng c|ay-tab|ot |ottors ot crod|t drawn on tho surp|usos ot tho stato warohousos, and thorotoro |ts
|ssuanco as monoy was str|ct|y contro||od by tho crown. 3ut as a|so notod |mmod|ato|y abovo, at somo juncturo - as oar|y as tho th|rd or tourth
contury 3.C., |n tact
8b7
- thoso ox|stod a|ongs|do thoso c|ay tab|ots c|rcu|at|ng s||vor ot pr|vato |ssuanco, whoso va|uo was a|so t|xod |n torms ot
bar|oy or othor stap|os |n tho stato warohousos. ln tact, so w|dosproad was tho uso ot tho 3aby|on|an systom, wh|ch a|so |nc|udod tho uso ot actua|
chocks, that ono t|nds 3aby|on|ans at work |n tho tomp|os and m|nt|ng shops ot somo Grook c|t|os attor tho Assyr|an assau|t on 3aby|on|a |tso|t.
8b8
ln othor words, assau|ts on 3aby|on on|y sorvod to d|sporso |ts morchant bank|ng c|ass |n othor countr|os, and w|th that d|sporsa|, tho oxpans|on ot
3aby|on|an bus|noss and bank|ng pract|cos.
a. Early Egypt's lndependence |rom the BabylonIan Money Power
lt |s |n th|s contoxt, thon, that tho Egypt|an monoy powor shou|d bo oxam|nod, tor as has a|roady boon notod, Egypt contro||od tho |argost and
most product|vo go|d m|nos - tho 3|sharoo m|nos - |n tho anc|ont wor|d. |oro too ono notos a para||o| dovo|opmont and a|| |ts |mp||cat|ons:
Accord|ng to 3roastod, go|d and coppor r|ngs ot a t|xod wo|ght c|rcu|atod |n |argo sca|o bus|noss |n tho t|mo ot tho O|d K|ngdom,' and
(s|gn|t|cant|y onough to tho studont ot bank|ng,' or pr|vato monoy croat|on and rogu|at|on, as |t m|ght bottor bo known) stono wo|ghts woro a|roady
markod w|th tho|r oqu|va|onco |n such r|ngs.' 1ho c|rcu|at|on as monoy ot thoso prom|sos to pay' rocordod on stono, po|ntod|y suggosts tho
||ko||hood ot tho act|v|t|os ot a socrot tratorn|ty whoso horod|tary trado was pr|vato monoy croat|on.
8b0
lndood, tho para||o| w|th 3aby|on |s a|most |dont|ca|, s|nco tho |attor usod c|ay tab|ots as un|ts ot oxchango, wh||o Egypt usod stono wo|ghts
markod w|th tho|r oqu|va|ont va|uo |n proc|ous bu|||on. 3ut thoro |s ||kow|so a s|gn|t|cant d|ttoronco as wo||, tor |n 3aby|on's caso thoso c|ay tab|ots
c|rcu|atod as monoy pr|or to tho |ssuanco ot bu|||on-basod mon|os, and tho va|uo ot such mon|os was statod |n torms ot storos |n tho stato
warohouso. 3ut w|th Egypt, ono t|nds a |ator stago ot dovo|opmont, tor tho va|uo ot tho stonos |s oxprossod, oot lo torms o tbo sorp|os storos lo o
worobooso, bot lo torms o bo||loo ltso|. ln short, tho concopt ot monoy has boon oogroooo, and w|th |t, thoro |s a|most no v|s|b|o connoct|on to tho
stato and crown prorogat|vo ot monoy rogu|at|on and |ssuanco, not to mont|on anyth|ng ot pract|ca| va|uo as tho rosu|t ot |ndustry or croat|v|ty, |.o.,
goods.
And th|s dogradat|on ot monoy |n Egypt, |.o., tho tact that |ts prom|sos to pay aro oxprossod |n va|uat|on ot bu|||on, rathor than bu|||on bo|ng
oxprossod |n va|uat|on ot roa| goods, p|us tho tact ot tho ox|stonco ot Egypt's 3|sharoo m|nos w|th tho|r |ntornat|ona| cont|ngont ot morconary
guards, po|nts to a vory s|gn|t|cant and - bocauso ot |ts subt|oty - otton ovor|ookod po|nt:
As a rosu|t, a|though tho Egypt|an omp|ro |n tho oar||ost yoars mlgbt vory wo|| bo ooscrlboo os o commoo morkot oxlstlog looopooooot o tbo
Boby|ooloo moooy powor, ooo oorlvlog lts stroogtb rom tbo wl|| to bo o o ooolcotoo ooo lostroctoo Ro|or, tbo soqoooco o ovoots sbows tbot
tbroogb tboso coocossloos lt obtolooo or lts bost sorvlcos lo wor, lt wos oot |oog booro lotorootlooo| moooy powor ro-poootrotoo tbo
sobstroctoro o Egyptloo |lo ooo ostob|lsboo lts osoo| bobloo-tbo-scooos lo|oooco, |t not contro|, as |n tho oar||or t|mo that donotod tho co||apso
ot tho O|d K|ngdom.' lt may sato|y bo cons|dorod to havo roassumod tho pos|t|on ot h|ddon powor |t had ho|d a thousand yoars botoro dur|ng tho
c|os|ng yoars ot tho 0
th
dynasty, a por|od |n wh|ch tho stono wo|ghts |nd|cat|ng oqu|va|onco |n mota| monoy c|rcu|atod |n much tho samo way as c|ay
tacs|m||os ot contomporary co|nagos c|rcu|atod.
800
1o put |t d|ttoront|y, Egypt, onco undor tho |nt|uonco ot that |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' powor, had managod to throw ott that |nt|uonco, on|y to havo
|t rostorod noar|y a m|||onn|um |ator.
3. 1he ConspIrators at Work
a. EconomIc and MIlItary Autarchy and Modern Analogues: 8parta and the Greek 1yrants
3ut how, oxact|y, doos ono koowthat such an |ntornat|ona| monoy powor ox|stod |n anc|ont t|mos? Ast|o's answor |s as surpr|s|ng as |t |s both
contomporary and s|mp|o: ono had on|y to |ook at corta|n anc|ont wars |n conjunct|on w|th a |ook at tho oconom|c act|v|ty and po||c|os ot var|ous
statos to d|scorn a h|ddon hand at work. And tho bost oxamp|o ot th|s war botwoon a monoy powor and a stato dotorm|nod to ma|nta|n |ts
|ndopondonco trom |t, |ts ootorcby, aro tho lo|oponnos|an Wars botwoon Athons and |ts a|||os, and 3parta. lt |s worth c|t|ng Ast|o and h|s sourcos
at |ongth:
Ot tho tyrants ot Grooco and As|a V|nor |n anc|ont t|mos, tho |oarnod lrotossor |o|cho|ho|m wroto:
1hoso tyrants woro tor tho most part mombors ot tho nob|||ty thomso|vos who had mado tho grado us|ng tho now po||t|ca| and oconom|c
poss|b|||t|os ot tho|r t|mo to ovorthrow tho|r own oqua|s and to subduo tho|r who|o stato tomporar||y. 7bo tyroots woro otoo compo||oo to lotroooco
tbo colo ocooomy pottoro loto tbo oroo ovor wblcb tboy ro|oo, or ot |oost to promoto lts oovo|opmoot olclo||y, lo oroor to golo tbo oppor booo
ovor tbolr ooomlos.
(Ono wondors: Compo||od by wbom)
.to stab|||zo tho pos|t|on ot tho poasantry on tho |and, and to oxpand and robu||d stato oconomy, o cootro| olstrlbotloo o moooy ooo gooos
lo kloo port|y olroctoo toworos morcooorlos, bodyguards and var|ous po||t|ca| tr|onds and part|y |nd|roct|y to tho massos ot poor poop|o |n
tho torm ot wagos pa|d tor oxtons|vo bu||d|ng oporat|ons and |mprovomonts, |s charactor|st|c ot tyrant oconomy.
801
Ast|o commonts as to||ows:
1ho abovo romarks ot lrotossor |o|cho|ho|m |nd|cato thoro woro now po||t|ca| and oconom|c poss|b|||t|os: |n that por|od 0b0-b00 3.C. whon tho
tyrann|os most ot a|| t|our|shod. 1ho quost|on thon bocomos, what woro thoso now po||t|ca| and oconom|c poss|b|||t|os'?... 1ho answor |s arr|vod
at road||y: thoy dor|vod trom tho act|v|t|os ot tho agonts ot tho |ntornat|ona| s||vor bu|||on brokors who, trom ports such as Argos, Athons, and Aog|na
whoro K|ng lho|don struck tho t|rst Grook s||vor co|nago ca. 080 3.C., promotod tho |uxury tradors who so|d tho|r waros trom w|gs to har|ots as
aga|nst tho now s||vor co|nago or prom|so thoroot. 1ho opportun|t|os c|oor|y woro or tboso wbo osslstoo lo tbo moootlzotloo o tbo clty, ooo o|| lts
octlvltlos ooo possossloos, ooo lts popo|otloo..
802
1ho rosu|t ot th|s monot|zat|on' ot tho c|ty-stato - and ot tho roduct|on ot oach mombor ot |ts popu|at|on to tho status ot a moro human rosourco'
(to uso tho modorn torm) - was, accord|ng to lrotossor |o|cho|ho|m, ont|ro|y prod|ctab|o, and oor||y rom|n|scont ot tho troo trado' agroomonts ot
tho |ato 1080s and 1000s and ot tho|r d|sastrous ottocts on tho |ndustr|a||zod soc|ot|os that adoptod thom (and romombor, |o|cho|ho|m was wr|t|ng
|n tho 1040s, |ong botoro such agroomonts woro |n tho ott|ng, and was spoak|ng ot oocloot t|mos!):
1ho ar|stocrac|os rotusod oqua||ty to tho |and|oss tradors and manutacturors, tho poasants woro opprossod by tho r|ch and oncouragod to got |nto
dobt and thon woro roducod to s|avory and ox||o, s|avos bogan to compoto w|th troo |abour. Amb|t|ous |nd|v|dua|s cap|ta||zod th|s d|scontont to
ovorthrow tho const|tutod govornmont and ostab||sh thomso|vos as tyrants |n a|| tho Grook c|t|os wltb tbo ootob|o oxcoptloo o 5porto.
808
3o what |s so s|gn|t|cant about 3parta that tho rost ot tho Grook c|ty-statos wont to war w|th hor?
Ast|o puts |t country s|mp|o':
.(1)ho stato that rojoctod |ntornat|ona| monoy powor, as d|d 3parta and lomo |n anc|ont t|mos, and luss|a |n modorn t|mos, had to bo proparod
to ostab||sh tota| m|||tary so|t-sutt|c|oncy.
804
Ono m|ght add laz| Gormany to Ast|o's ||st, tor ||ko luss|a and anc|ont 3parta, tho rog|mo ot tho 1h|rd lo|ch had dotorm|nod not on|y to rostoro tho
|ssuanco ot monoy to tho 3tato, but had ombarkod on a program ot m|||tary and onorgy autarchy as wo||.
80b
3o what, oxact|y, had 3parta dono that so |ntur|atod tho rost ot tho Grook c|ty-statos? 1ho answor |s comp|ox, and roqu|ros a br|ot dotour. 3oth
l|ato
800
and Ar|stot|o
807
woro c|oar that monoy had va|uo on|y |nsotar as |t was dot|nod by tho |aw ot tho stato, |n othor words, thoy both ob||quo|y
rocogn|zod that tho powor ot |ssu|ng and rogu|at|ng tho va|uo ot monoy was a stato, not a pr|vato, prorogat|vo, and th|s |n sp|to ot tho tact that by
tho|r t|mo, tho pr|vato |ssuanco ot monoy was wo||-ostab||shod pract|co.
808
1hus, whon ono turns to tho c|ty-statos ot tho tyrants, and to tho|r s||vor-
co|n |ssuancos, ono d|scorns a c|oar, though carotu||y d|sgu|sod, h|ddon hand:
1ho ov|donco that tho oar||ost co|nagos |n Grooco had ossont|a||y a |oca| c|rcu|at|on |n no way a|tors tho p|cturo prov|ous|y out||nod ot s||vor monoy
as bo|ng part ot an |ntornat|ona| consp|racy. A|| Grook statos apart trom Athons and 3amos, 3|phnos and Corcyra, and poss|b|o ono or two othors,
had to obta|n s||vor bu|||on tor tho|r co|nago trom abroad, wh|ch nocossar||y ob||god thom to doa| w|th thoso tradors who spoc|a||zod |n doa||ng |n
bu|||on. 3uch trado |n bu|||on had to bo |n tho hands ot a sma|| and h|gh|y socrot|vo group, as much on account ot tho sourcos ot supp|y bo|ng
ro|at|vo|y tow and scattorod as |t woro out to tho onds ot tho oarth, as on account ot tho tact that |t wou|d bo on|y such a group that cou|d a|so contro|
thoso supp||os ot s|avo |abour and tho|r purchaso trom tr|umphant poop|os whoso war||ko act|v|t|os, as ||ko|y as not, thoy had |nst|gatod thomso|vos,
s|avo |abour so nocossary to tho succoss ot tho|r m|n|ng oporat|ons.
800
Onco tho courso had boon dotorm|nod |n var|ous Grook c|ty-statos to |ssuo bu|||on-basod monoy, wh|ch bu|||on thoy had |n scarco supp|y, thoso
c|ty-statos camo |ncroas|ng|y undor tho |nt|uonco and sway ot tho bu|||on brokors thomso|vos. A|| oxcopt ono, wh|ch rotusod to |ssuo bu|||on-basod
co|nago.
3parta.
|onco ono has now a bas|s ot undorstand|ng tor 3parta's wo||-known harshnoss and tho m|||tary d|sc|p||no |t |mposod on hor who|o popu|at|on,
tor |t sho woro to ma|nta|n hor |ndopondonco ot tho monoy powor |ntoct|ng tho othor Grook c|ty-statos, hor m|||tary had to bo tho bost. 1hus, thoro |s
a h|ddon, and much moro roa|, purposo to tho |ntamous lo|oponnos|an War - a war that no|thor Athons nor 3parta had won and no|thor ono had
|ost.' 1ho war |ott both powortu| Grook c|ty-statos oxhaustod, and ovor tho|r prostrato bod|os tho sorvants ot th|s samo sardon|c Vonoy powor drow
tho cha|ns ot tho|r s|avory.'
870
1hat roa| undor|y|ng purposo ot tho lo|oponnos|an War was to ostab||sh pr|vato common monoy markot across tho
Grook wor|d tota||y contro||od by tho tropozltoo or bankors |n modorn torm|no|ogy.'
871
Consoquont|y, judg|ng by 3parta.and |ator by lomo |tso|t, |t
sooms that |n anc|ont t|mos thoro was somo cons|dorab|o undorstand|ng ot tho powor |nhoront |n proc|ous mota| monoy to dostroy, by |ond|ng |tso|t
to man|pu|at|on, tho stotos qoo ot any raco or stato.'
872
b. Babylon, PersIa, and Money CreatIon
Yot anothor, and ovon moro porsuas|vo, oxamp|o ot tho act|ons and h|ddon d|roct|ons ot a monoy powor on tho |ntornat|ona| scono |s attordod by
tho caso ot 3aby|on and lors|a. lt |s worth c|t|ng Ast|o at |ongth onco aga|n:
lt |s not unt|| tho Assyr|an, loo-3aby|on|an, and lors|an oras that c|oar ov|donco can bo tracod ot tho tota| dogonorat|on ot k|ng|y powor and ot
k|ngs and so-ca||od omporors as qu|to otton bo|ng ||tt|o moro than g|or|ous|y bo-moda||od tront mon tor pr|vato monoy croat|vo powor str|v|ng to
croato wor|d-w|do hogomony. 1hoy st||| cont|nuod to bo noodod pr|nc|pa||y as a po|nt towards wh|ch tho oyos ot tho poop|o m|ght bo d|vortod |n
ordor that tho poop|o m|ght not roa||zo that a|| was not wo|| |n that d|roct|on towards wh|ch tho|r |oya|t|os natura||y |oanod, nor g||mpso tho dostruct|vo
torcos that woro gnaw|ng at tho roots ot tho 1roo ot l|to |tso|t. Evon as tar back as 2b00 3.C. 3argon ot Akkad procoodod |nto Anato||a to chast|so
tho c|ty ot Ganos on account ot tho commorc|a| commun|ty ot Vosopotam|a, probab|y to ontorco tho paymont ot |ntorost on |oans, or ropaymont ot
pr|nc|pa|. Ono ot tho roasons ot tho succoss ot Cyrus, though but a potty lors|an pr|nco tormor|y to bb0 3.C. whon ho doposod h|s sovoro|gn,
Astyagos tho Vodo, |s c|oar trom tho c|rcumstancos ot h|s v|ctory ovor Croosus ot lyd|a |n b40 3.C.
Croosus had ottondod tho |ntornat|ona| monoy powors by so|zuro ot tho|r troasuro ho|d by tho|r agont 3adyattos, and by tho tota| assumpt|on ot
monotary |ssuo by tho stato. Examp|o had to bo mado ot h|m to dotor othor pr|ncos trom s|m||ar act|on, and tho oagor and amb|t|ous Cyrus was
obv|ous|y tho ono choson tor th|s purposo. Accord|ng to tho art|c|o on 3aby|on|a |n tho Eocyc|opoolo Brltooolco, 0
th
od|t|on, by lrotossor 3ayco,
Croosus had rash|y jo|nod batt|o w|th Cyrus w|thout wa|t|ng tor tho arr|va| ot h|s 3aby|on|an a|||os undor labu-lahua tho tathor ot 3o|shazzar ot tho
3ook ot 0an|o|. lt |s moro than ||ko|y howovor, that a truor road|ng ot thoso ovonts wou|d bo that |ntornat|ona| monoy powor, patron ot tho r|so ot
Cyrus both through organ|zat|on ot h|s supp||os ot morconary so|d|ors, and ot tho bost ot woapons, had boon tho pr|nc|pa| |nt|uonco |n thoso ovonts
as |n othor ontorpr|sos ot Cyrus, such as tho s|ogo ot 3aby|on 14 yoars |ator. 1hanks to h|s |nt|uonco, wh||o tho progross ot labu-lahua towards
junct|on w|th tho torcos ot Croosus wou|d havo boon sabotagod, Croosus h|mso|t wou|d havo boon m|s|ntormod ot tho |ntont|ons and strongth ot
both Cyrus and labu-lahua.
Cyrus won tho day, and Croosus was tota||y humb|od. |av|ng thus provon h|s su|tab|||ty,' and h|s road|noss to promoto tho po||c|os ot h|s
t|nanc|a| backors, tho ro|at|vo|y oasy conquost ot 3aby|on was arrangod tor Cyrus somo tourtoon yoars |ator.
878
Who arrangod tor tho oasy conquost ot 3aby|on? Voro |mportant|y, who t|nancod tho vast lors|an war mach|no?
1ho answor, accord|ng to Ast|o, |s a b|b||ca| ono. lt |s |ntorost|ng to noto,' ho obsorvos,
1hat short|y attor tho ontry ot tho lors|an torcos |nto tho c|ty, tho Ch||dron ot lsrao|' woro porm|ttod to roturn to that wh|ch thoy cons|dorod tho|r
homo|and, and ovory ass|stanco was g|von thom towards ronowa| ot tho|r nat|ona| ||to and tho robu||d|ng ot tho|r tomp|o, wh|ch, ot courso, was |ts
hoart.. 1ho spoc|a| concoss|ons mado by Cyrus to tho |obrow a|most on ontry |nto tho c|ty ot 3aby|on, wou|d corta|n|y suggost that ho had
roco|vod tho|r substant|a| ass|stanco, porhaps through t|nanc|ng towards tho purchaso ot tho t|nost ot m|||tary accoutromonts such as wou|d bo
obta|nab|o on|y through tho good gracos ot tho 3aby|on|an commorc|a| and bank|ng housos, or through that |ntormat|on w|th wh|ch tho |obrow may
havo kopt h|m constant|y supp||od such as tho stato ot m|||tary proparodnoss w|th|n tho c|ty, otc.
lt may roasonab|y bo assumod that tho 3aby|on|an monoy powor was comp|oto|y |ntornat|ona| |n out|ook, whatovor |ts outward protoss|on, and
tota||y unsympathot|c towards tho anc|ont ta|th ot tho Z|ggurat and tho worsh|p ot Varduk, and towards tho |ntondod ottocts ot tho rostorat|on ot tho
Z|ggurat at Ur, at that t|mo, by lobuchadnozzar. lt |n oar||or Assyr|an t|mos such monoy powor corta|n|y was not tho |obrow, though poss|b|y ||nkod
thoroto through mombors ot tho |attor lsrao||t|sh Contodoracy. tho tact ot tho ox|stonco ot powortu| |obrow |nt|uonco |n |ntornat|ona| t|nanco |n
loo-3aby|on|an t|mos sooms a roasonab|o suppos|t|on.
1ho |obrow.may havo r|son to ospoc|a||y pr|v||ogod pos|t|on |n tho 3aby|on|an monoy |ndustry, |t that |s what |t can bo ca||od, and may havo
como to |oarn at that t|mo thoso socrot pract|cos ot tho monoy changors' cratt, wh|ch ho was corta|n|y torb|ddon |n h|s nat|vo |and, accord|ng to tho
laws (ot) Vosos.
874
lndood, as Ast|o po|nts out, tho |obrows roturn|ng to la|ost|no woro compo||od, undor Ezra's od|ct, to d|vorco tho|r toro|gn w|vos. Wh||o corta|n|y
oxp|a|nab|o as a ro||g|ous ord|nanco dos|gnod to rostoro doctr|na| and rac|a| pur|ty, Ast|o notos that tho pract|co ot |ntormarr|ago |s |tso|t tho
ha||mark ot tho |ntornat|ona| bank|ng c|ass to th|s day, and thus, Ezra's ord|nanco may |tso|t bo an |nd|cator that tho |obrows had |ndood
ponotratod tho |ntornat|ona| monoy powor dur|ng tho 3aby|on|an capt|v|ty.
87b
1horo |s yot anothor |nd|cator ot th|s baby|on|zat|on' ot |obrow
ro||g|on and pract|co, and that |s tho ox|stonco ot tho 1a|mud and tho rabb|nato |tso|t, and tho adoptod symbo| ot tho |obrows and 1ow|sh poop|o to
th|s day, tho so-ca||od Vogoo Lovlo or 3tar ot 0av|d: . 1h|s symbo| |s |tso|t ot 3aby|on|an, not |obrow, or|g|n, and as wo sha|| soo |n tho noxt
chaptor, |t |s an apt symbo| ot a tratorn|ty that |s koop|ng socrots.'
C. EOW 1EE CON5P|RACY WORKED
lt |s porhaps |n tho actua| h|story ot tho dovo|opmont ot tho pr|vato |ssuanco ot bu|||on-basod mon|os |n anc|ont t|mos and |n var|ous c|v|||zat|ons
that ono most c|oar|y d|scorns tho ov|dont hand ot a h|ddon |ntornat|ona| c|ass ot bu|||on-brokors, war morchants, s|avo tradors, and m|n|ng
oporators, tor a|most |nvar|ab|y, tho pattorn |s tho samo.
1. 1he FIrst 8tage: Penetrate and Ally wIth the 1emple
As notod ropoatod|y throughout tho prov|ous pagos, trom Grooco to lomo to Egypt and tho Vosopotam|an c|v|||zat|ons ot 3umor, 3aby|on, and
Assyr|a, thoro |s a c|oar assoc|at|on ot bank|ng act|v|t|os, and ot m|nt|ng |tso|t, w|th tho tomp|o. 1ho roason tor th|s assoc|at|on, at |oast as tar as
bank|ng and t|nanco go, aro oasy to rat|ona||zo:
1hoso porsons had conductod tho|r bus|noss |n tho shado ot tho tomp|o courtyards trom anc|ont days as, and |t thoy cou|d, |n ordor that tho powor
or mystory as |oca||y was ho|d |n awo, m|ght g|vo sanct|ty to tho|r act|v|t|os wh|ch so otton woro oxorc|sod aga|nst tho wo|| bo|ng ot tho poop|o who
sho|torod thom..
1hoso agonts wou|d havo |urkod as on|y ta|nt|y d|scorn|b|o shadows boh|nd tho tomp|o taado, a|though thoy |nst|gatod much ot what camo to
pass |n thoso days, |t thomso|vos so ||tt|o soon. Ot t|rst concorn to thom wou|d havo boon tho roputat|on ot tho|r mastors, tho pr|osthood, tor p|oty,
prob|ty, and god||noss, |n so tar as appoaranco wont. |or by ma|nta|n|ng tho pos|t|on ot tho pr|osthood, thoy ma|nta|nod thomso|vos and tho|r
socrot powor, yot tor whatovor thoy brought about, ospoc|a||y |t ot ov||, |t may sato|y bo assumod, a novortho|oss |nv|o|ato pr|osthood wou|d bo ho|d
rospons|b|o.
W|th tho sanct|ty ot tho tomp|o as a sho|tor and c|oak ot tho|r act|v|t|os, th|s bu|||on brokors' c|ass cou|d thon ongago |n tho noxt stago ot tho|r
act|v|ty:
2. 1he 8econd 8tage: lssue False ReceIpts
1hat socond stago |s to |ssuo countorto|t or ta|so roco|pts aga|nst tho crod|t or surp|usos ot tho stato warohouso, and tboroby to locrooso tbo
moooy sopp|y ltso|. tho pr|nc|pa| dov|co at th|s stago may bo assumod to bo tho socrot and pr|vato oxpans|on ot tho tota| monoy supp|y ottoctod
pr|mar||y by tho |ssuanco |nto c|rcu|at|on ot ta|so roco|pts tor.va|uab|os supposod|y bo|ng ho|d on dopos|t |n th|ot-proot vau|ts, or othorw|so, tor
sato custody.'
870
3uch |ssuanco wou|d bo ro|at|vo|y oasy to como by, tor by ponotrat|on ot and c|oso assoc|at|on w|th tho tomp|os ot var|ous statos,
thoy wou|d havo had accoss to tho soa|s and othor dov|cos usod to authont|cato |ottors ot crod|t by tho tomp|o pr|osthoods.
3. 1he 1hIrd 8tage: 8ubstItute BullIon |or Letters o| CredIt as a Measure AgaInst False ReceIpts
1h|s br|ngs us |nov|tab|y to tho th|rd stago, tor onco a sutt|c|ont numbor ot such ta|so roco|pts woro |n c|rcu|at|on, |t wou|d bocomo apparont both
to tho crown and to mombors ot tho tomp|o |tso|t that thoro woro s|mp|y too many ta|so roco|pts |n c|rcu|at|on, and that a monotary rotorm was
nocossary. At th|s juncturo, |n stop tho bu|||on brokors w|th tho so|ut|on: ho|d|ng a v|rtua| monopo|y on m|n|ng, thoy proposo tho subst|tut|on ot bu|||on-
basod co|nago, whoso va|uo |s |n|t|a||y dot|nod by a corta|n amount ot actua| goods - bar|oy, as wo saw |n tho caso ot Vosopotam|a - tor tho
actua| stato-|ssuod |ottors ot crod|t. Onco any crown and tomp|o a|||anco w|th|n any g|von stato accopts th|s arrangomont, |t w||| bocomo
|ncroas|ng|y hostago to tho nood tor bu|||on and tor tho morchants, s|avo tradors, and m|n|ng-morconar|os that can supp|y |t, and that havo tho
tochno|ogy to m|no and mo|t and m|nt |t.
877
4. 1he Fourth 8tage: 1hen Create a FacsImIle o| Money
|av|ng art|t|c|a||y st|mu|atod and |ncroasod tho va|uo ot bu|||on, th|s c|ass thon croatos tho t|na| stop: |t |ssuos now |ottors ot crod|t ogolost tbo
sopp|y o bo||loo rotbor tboo ogolost tbo worobooso sorp|os, and dot|nos thoso |ottors ot crod|t as va|uat|on |n torms ot wo|ght ot somo proc|ous
bu|||on. 1hus, wo arr|vo back at tho stato ot |ssu|ng ta|so roco|pts, on|y |n th|s |nstanco, thoso roco|pts aro no|thor ta|so nor countorto|t, thoy aro
s|mp|y pr|vato|y croatod notos or prom|sos to pay a corta|n amount ot bu|||on (wh|ch thoy a|so contro|). 1hus, onco aga|n tho monoy supp|y |s not
on|y oxpandod, but tho uso ot such |nstrumonts actua||y sorvod to a||ow tho bu|||on brokors to c|rcu|ato moro ot such notos than thoy had actua|
bu|||on to rodoom. 1ho koy, onco aga|n, was tho sanct|ty|ng prob| ty that tho tomp|o assoc|at|on gavo thom. W|th th|s stop, tho|r powor and |nt|uonco
ovor tho var|ous statos wh|ch thoy ponotratod was a|most comp|oto, tor |t gavo thoso anc|ont bankors, ||ko tho|r modorn countorparts, tho ab|||ty to
oxpand or contract a stato's monoy supp|y, and to contro| tho|r oconom|os to croato boom or bust. 1ho t|na| stop, |n othor words, was to croato a
c|ay or stono (or |n modorn t|mos, papor or p|ast|c) ocslml|o o tbo ocslml|o o stoto-lssooo moooy (tho bu|||on-basod mon|os, a|so ot tho|r own
croat|on)!
D. 1EE PARALLEL 1O 1EE AF1ERNA1E5 OF 1EE CO5N|C WAR, AND WORLD WAR ||: 1EE
CLOBAL|51 ACENDA AND NONEY, NONARCE|E5, NONO1EE|5N, AND N|L|1AR|E5
3ut thoro |s a t|na| p|oco to th|s anc|ont story and p|ot, and |t |s ono ot tho most broathtak|ng ot thom a||. 1ho ottoct ot tho a|||anco ot th|s bu|||on
brokors' c|ass w|th tho tomp|o throughout tho anc|ont wor|d wou|d havo brought to tho|r attont|on tho tact that tho panthoons ot var|ous c|v|||zat|ons,
and ovon tho stor|os and acts assoc|atod w|th var|ous gods, woro a|| romarkab|y s|m||ar. As a rosu|t ot th|s roa||zat|on, tho bu|||on brokors wou|d
a|so como
1o roa||zo that thoy cou|d actua||y croato that wh|ch tunct|onod as monoy w|th but tho rocord |nc|sod by tho sty|us on tho c|ay tab|ot prom|s|ng mota|
or monoy. Obv|ous|y, as a rosu|t ot th|s d|scovory wh|ch dopondod on tho cont|donco thoy woro ab|o to croato |n tho m|nds ot tho poop|os ot tho|r
|ntogr|ty, prov|dod thoy bandod thomso|vos togothor w|th an abso|uto socrocy that oxc|udod a|| othor than tho|r provon brothron, thoy cou|d rop|aco
tho god ot tho c|ty h|mso|t as tho g|vor ot a||. l so bo tboy coo|o lostltoto o coocoptloo o o ooo goo, tbolr goo, o spoclo| goo o tbo wor|o, o goo
obovo o|| goos, tboo oot moro|y tbo clty, bo lt Ur or Klsb or Logosb or Urok, bot tbo wor|o ltso| coo|o bo tbolrs, ooo o|| tbot lo lt wos.
878
ln othor words, boh|nd tho croat|on ot tho vast omp|ros ot lors|a, and |ator tho Vacodon|an-Grook omp|ro ot A|oxandor tho Groat, thoro ||os tho
act|v|ty ot a powortu| t|nanc|a| |ntorost, str|v|ng to croato an anc|ont low Wor|d Ordor' w|th a contra| stato and un|t|od ro||g|o-cu|tura| wor|d.
870
And
tho mochan|sm by wh|ch to tostor th|s ro||g|ous wor|dv|ow wou|d bo to gradua||y po|nt out, and |ncu|cato tho |doa |n popu|ar |mag|nat|on, that a|| |oca|
ro||g|ons woro but tho samo th|ng, var|ous namos' tor tho samo gods.'
880
1hus, tho who|o wo|ght ot tho|r comb|no and caba| wou|d havo boon
thrown boh|nd tho promot|on ot a monarch|a| tront, roprosontat|vo ot tho now omp|ro and tho now monotho|sm, and backod by tho |atost |n m|||tary
hardwaro.
3ut thoro |s anothor poss|b|||ty, ono suggostod by tho sconar|o ot a cosm|c war out||nod |n tho t|rst chaptor,
881
and that |s, |t tho surv|vors ot a
onco sc|ont|t|ca||y soph|st|catod c|v|||zat|on woro ovor to roach tho p|nnac|o ot sc|ont|t|c powor and ach|ovomont that wou|d havo mado an
|ntorp|anotary war posslb|o, |t, that |s, thoy woro ovor to roconstruct tho dostruct|vo tochno|og|os ot tho|r hogomony and oxtond thomso|vos aga|n
|nto spaco, thon thoy wou|d havo qu|to ||tora||y to draw on tho tu|| rosourcos ot tho ont|ro wor|d, and to croato tho wars and cont||cts that drovo
tochno|og|ca| ach|ovomont torward at a tastor-than-norma| paco ot dovo|opmont. ln th|s caso, thoy wou|d dovo|op not on|y socrot assoc|at|ons tor
th|s purposo, but monoy, and a c|oso assoc|at|on w|th tho tomp|os, wou|d bo tho oas|ost and |oast tochno|og|ca||y soph|st|catod mothod to do |t.
And tho po||t|ca| goa| wou|d bo tho samo: ovor-|argor omp|ros, ovontua||y to oncompass tho ont|ro g|obo |tso|t.
1h|s assoc|at|on ot monoy croat|on w|th tho tomp|os, and w|th tho goa| to croato a un|t|od wor|d ordor, tor tho purposo ot roconstruct|ng a |ost
tochno|ogy ot hogomony, |s whoro tho story gots roo||y |ntorost|ng. As thoy say, tho p|ot |s about to th|ckon..
5ix
ALCEENY uP5E15 1EE APPLECAR1
1|E 1lAl3VU1A1lvE VE0lUV Al0 1|E AlC|EVY O| 1|E 31Al3 Al0 3AlK31El3
lortbor sopport or tbo bypotbosls tbot o troosootlooo| lotorro|otloosblp oxlstoo botwooo oocloot Vystory 5cboo|s, wos
tbo olscovory o tbo Ooooorstrop Coo|oroo - o soporb oxomp|o o tbo sl|vorsmltb`s ort. 7bls bow|, wblcb wos olscovoroo
lo o 1ot|ooo poot bog, ls oocorotoo wltb poo-co|toro| ooltlos.'
- Brloo Losboroogb
882


3o onco aga|n, what posslb|o connoct|on cou|d thoro bo botwoon a|| thoso th|ngs? Why oo wo t|nd a 1.l. Vorgan suppross|ng 1os|a? Why |n turn
do wo t|nd a 1os|a prooccup|od w|th gr|pp|ng tho oarth' to mako h|s w|ro|oss transm|ss|on ot powor' work? Why oo wo t|nd a start||ng anc|ont
connoct|on botwoon bank|ng and phys|cs (|n tho torm ot astro|ogy, astronomy, and ovon - as |oag|and has h|ntod - sacrod goomotry)? Why oo
wo t|nd an lCA ong|noor namod lo|son draw|ng up p|anotary charts that |ook tor a|| tho wor|d ||ko astro|og|ca| charts? Why do wo oncountor a
govornmont oconom|st ||ko Edward 0owoy dovot|ng a ||tot|mo ot work to tho study ot cyc|os ot a|| sorts? And why do wo t|nd h|m mak|ng consc|ous
and do||borato rotoronco botwoon oconom|c act|v|ty and phys|cs? And why do wo t|nd, not just |n anc|ont t|mos, but |n modorn onos as wo||, tho
prosonco ot bankors on tho por|phor|os ot such |nvost|gat|ons?
A. ECONOPEY5|C5
1. PhysIcIsts lnvade FInance: 1he Modern Model as a Key to the PaleoancIent Past
1ho answor ||os |n part |n modorn t|mos, and |n ordor to bog|n to poo| back tho on|on sk|n |ayors ot th|s vast, |ntr|cato, and anc|ont ro|at|onsh|p,
ono must |ook at tho r|so ot a now d|sc|p||no - oconophys|cs' - and at what happonod |n modorn t|mos as phys|c|sts ontorod tho wor|d ot h|gh
t|nanco, br|ng|ng tho|r tochn|quos and too|s ot app||od mathomat|cs and ana|ys|s w|th thom.
1ho torm oconophys|cs' was actua||y co|nod |n tho m|d-1000s by |. Eugono 3tan|oy
888
to rot|oct two th|ngs: t|rst, |t was dos|gnod to rot|oct tho
vast |nt|ux ot dogrood phys|c|sts |nto tho t|nanc|a| soctor |tso|t, as that soctor otton prov|dod a h|ghor sa|ary baso and opportun|t|os to omp|oy tho
too|s ot app||od mathomat|ca| ana|ys|s than was poss|b|o |n actua| standard acadom|c or oxpor|monta| caroors, and socond|y, |t was rot|oct|vo ot
tho tasc|nat|on that phys|c|sts had acqu|rod tor tho app||cat|on ot tho tochn|quos ot stat|st|ca| ana|ys|s thoy had dovo|opod |n quantum mochan|cs to
tho prob|oms ot oconom|c and t|nanc|a| ana|ys|s |tso|t.
As such, oconophys|cs |s an |ntord|sc|p||nary rosoarch t|o|d, app|y|ng thoor|os and mothods or|g|na||y dovo|opod by phys|c|sts |n ordor to so|vo
prob|oms |n oconom|cs, usua||y thoso |nc|ud|ng uncorta|nty or stochast|c procossos and non||noar dynam|cs.'
884
What spurrod th|s |ntorost was |n
part, accord|ng to tho art|c|o |n W|k|pod|a, tho ava||ab|||ty ot hugo amounts ot t|nanc|a| data, start|ng |n tho 1080s.'
88b
Ot courso, as has boon
notod, th|s |s not oxact|y truo, s|nco thoro was a vast amount ot data ava||ab|o trom tho 0opartmont ot Commorco and trom othor sourcos and
countr|os dat|ng much turthor back, a databaso ut|||zod by Edward and tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os, and a databaso known to |ts
mombors, somo ot whom |nc|udod oconom|sts trom major |ntornat|ona| banks.
Ono th|ng |n part|cu|ar that attractod phys|c|sts to th|s study ot tho app||cat|on ot tho|r tochn|quos to t|nanc|a| and oconom|c systoms was proc|so|y
that |n oconom|cs, moro otton than not, thoro prova||od a gonora| cond|t|on ot non-oqu|||br|um,
880
that |s, ono was novor doa||ng w|th systoms whoro
thoro was a un|torm d|str|but|on ot rosourcos, woa|th, and so on. As phys|c|sts and chom|sts had on|y rocont|y - |n tho 1000s - bogun to study
non-oqu|||br|um phys|ca| systoms and tho|r romarkab|o ab|||ty to so|t-organ|zo, tho mot|vat|on tor tho|r study ot oconom|cs bocomos c|oar: phys|c|sts
thought that by study|ng tho most notor|ous|y non-oqu|||br| um systoms known to mank|nd - oconom|c systoms - tho|r modo|s ot tho ab|||ty ot such
systoms |n tho phys|ca| wor|d cou|d bo app||od w|th somo succoss to modo| so|t-organ|zat|on |n oconom|c systoms, and to mako va|uab|o
prod|ct|ons on that bas|s. As w||| bo soon |n a tow momonts, th|s |s an |mportant c|uo to tho poss|b|o doopor phys|cs |nvo|vod |n oconom|c systoms.
1o put |t succ|nct|y, quantum mochan|cs had |nvadod oconom|cs, and tho roason why |s ro|at|vo|y oasy to porco|vo, bocauso s|nco oconom|c
act|v|ty was tho rosu|t ot tho |ntoract|on among many hotorogonoous agonts, thoro |s an ana|ogy w|th stat|st|ca| mochan|cs, whoro many part|c|os
|ntoract.'
887
And tho koy too| |n th|s now |ntord|sc|p||nary ondoavor was quantum phys|cs' uso ot tho path |ntogra| tormu|at|on ot stat|st|ca|
mochan|cs.'
888
3ut what oxact|y doos th|s moan?
1ho t|rst |mp||cat|on |s that ono may uso tho |nt|ux ot phys|c|sts |nto oconom|c study |n modorn t|mos as an ana|ogy ot what happonod |n anc|ont
t|mos, and assumo that somoth|ng ||ko th|s happonod as wo|| |n anc|ont t|mos, as thoso w|th tho h|gh know|odgo' ot a doopor phys|cs ponotratod
tho wor|d ot h|gh t|nanco, that |s to say, tho tomp|o, sook|ng a bottor standard ot ||v|ng and porsona| woa|th, ||ko tho|r modorn doscondants. And
onco |ns|do thoso ha||owod pav|||ons and chambors, thoy a|||od w|th tho bankors ot tho|r day, tho bu|||on brokors.' lt was a nocossary dotonto |n tho
attormath ot that groat Cosm|c War, tor |t tho |ost sc|onco and tochno|ogy woro ovor to bo roconstructod, |t wou|d roqu|ro |ots ot monoy, and |ots ot
sc|ont|t|c oxport|so, and both ros|dod |n anc|ont t|mos |n tho tomp|o.
1ho socond |mp||cat|on roqu|ros a c|osor |ook at quantum mochan|cs |tso|t.
2. Ouantum MechanIcs, AncIent Astrology, and the 8tatIstIcal Approach
Ono may ga|n an approc|at|on ot tho stat|st|ca| naturo ot quantum mochan|cs by cons|dor|ng |ts toundat|ona| pr|nc|p|o, tho |o|sonborg
Uncorta|nty lr|nc|p|o, |tso|t. 3r|ot|y statod, tho Uncorta|nty lr|nc|p|o ho|ds that |t ono moasuros tho vo|oc|ty ot an o|octron, ono cannot moasuro |ts
pos|t|on, and convorso|y, |t ono moasuros |ts pos|t|on, |t |s |mposs|b|o to moasuro |ts vo|oc|ty. 1hus, quantum mochan|cs, whon cons|dor|ng tho
bohav|or ot sovoro| part|c|os a|| at onco, had to ro|y upon obsorvat|on and tho comp||at|on ot stat|st|ca| probab|||t|os |n ordor to modo| that bohav|or.
1ho samo ho|ds truo, |t ono takos tho anc|ont toxts at taco va|uo, tor astro|ogy as wo||, tor thoro |s an oxact modorn ana|ogy w|th quantum
mochan|cs and |ts count|oss and unto|d obsorvat|ons mado d|||gont|y ovor t|mo, and w|th |ts stat|st|ca| approach to that vast numbor ot |ntoract|ons,
tor th|s |s proc|so|y what ono oncountors |n anc|ont t|mos as wo||. ln tact, as prov|ous|y notod, tho 3aby|on|an omon tab|ots' |nd|cato that
astronom|ca| obsorvat|ons ot p|anotary a||gnmonts and corrospond|ng oarth|y act|v|t|os and ottocts - a comb|nat|on wo now ca|| astro|ogy - woro
mado ovor hundrods ot thousands ot yoars ago. 1h|s |s thorotoro yot anothor s|gn that thoro |s somo othor h|ddon |nt|uonco at work |n tho tomp|os
bos|dos that ot tho bu|||on brokors, and that |nt|uonco |s that ot tho anc|ont astro|ogors-astronomors thomso|vos, comp|||ng tho|r ||sts ot
obsorvat|ons. |rom tho prov|ous chaptors |t |s ov|dont that tho anc|ont |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors' woro |n |oaguo w|th tho var|ous tomp|o
pr|osthoods-astro|ogors.
3. r. LI's GaussIan Copula and a PhysIcs Analogue: 1he MultIbody Problem
Ouantum mochan|cs' stat|st|ca| approach, and that |mp||od by tho m|||onn|a ot anc|ont astronom|ca| and astro|og|ca| obsorvat|on, |s d|roct|y
connoctod to 0r. 0av|d l|'s Gauss|an copu|a tormu|a v|a a rathor |ntorost|ng routo: tho mu|t|body prob|om. 1ho prob|om |s an oxact ana|oguo to tho
d|tt|cu|ty ot modo||ng tho bohav|or ot mass aggrogatos ot part|c|os. 1ho on|y way to do so was through carotu| and count|oss obsorvat|ons and a
stat|st|ca| modo| ot probab|||t|os ot tho|r bohav|or. 3ut tho prob|om bocomos moro acuto as tho s|zo ot bod|os bo|ng modo|od grows.
lmag|no ono |s try|ng to modo| not tho aggrogato bohav|or ot sovora| part|c|os, but ot sovora| p|anots and stars. lt |s ro|at|vo|y oasy to modo| tho
torco ot grav|tat|ona| attract|on botwoon two mov|ng massos or p|anots, and to prod|ct tho|r bohav|or. 3ut as ono adds moro and moro mov|ng
massos to tho systom to bo modo|od, tho ab|||ty ot mathomat|cs to hand|o and accurato|y prod|ct tho bohav|or ot a tota| dynam|c systom or any ot
tho |nd|v|dua| compononts w|th|n |t progross|vo|y broaks down, and marg|ns ot orror |ncroaso. 0r. l|, ot courso, so|vod h|s mu|t|body prob|om' ot
corro|at|ons ot oconom|c act|v|ty by, prod|ctab|y onough, a stat|st|ca| approach, wh|ch |ntroducod tho prob|om ot random probab||| t|os |nto
oconom|c act|v|ty.
3ut what |t tho randomnoss ot quantum mochan|cs was |tso|t tho rosu|t ot a doopor phys|cs? And, |t that bo so, and s|nco oconophys|cs' was but
tho |mportat|on |nto oconom|cs ot phys|ca| modo|s, wou|d that doopor phys|cs a|so bo a doopor phys|cs ot oconom|c act|v|ty?
4. 1he eeper PhysIcs:
a. avId Bohm's HIdden varIable Ouantum MechanIcs and 1he lmplIcate Order
1ho doopor phys|cs |mp||od by th|s quost|on may bo road||y porco|vod by a rov|ow ot ono ot |ts most tamous oxpos|tors, tho wo||-known p|asma
and quantum phys|c|st 0av|d 3ohm. 3ohm |s bost known, |n tact, tor h|s h|ddon var|ab|o' vors|on ot quantum mochan|ca| thoory, |n wh|ch tho
randomnoss' ot quantum mochan|cs obsorvod and moasurod by phys|c|sts (3ohm's oxp||cato ordor') |s undorstood to po|nt to a doopor and
moro ordorod hypor-d|mons|ona| roa||ty (3ohm's |mp||cato ordor'). 3ohm out||nod thoso v|ows |n a popu|ar|zod troatmont |n a book ont|t|od
bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor, and |t |s th|s book that w||| bo tho bas|s ot our rov|ow ot h|s |doas.
|or 3ohm, tho who|o dovo|opmont ot quantum mochan|cs po|ntod to tho roa| ox|stonco ot th|s hypor-d|mons|ona| |mp||cato ordor':
Ono d|scovors.both trom cons|dorat|on ot tho moan|ng ot tho mathomat|ca| oquat|ons and trom tho rosu|ts ot tho actua| oxpor|monts, that tho
var|ous part|c|os havo to bo takon ||tora||y as projoct|ons ot a h|ghor-d|mons|ona| roa||ty wh|ch cannot bo accountod tor |n torms ot any torco ot
|ntoract|on botwoon thom
880
ln othor words, 3ohm |s say|ng a|most oxact|y tho samo th|ng as was l|chard C. |oag|and at tho bog|nn|ng ot th|s chaptor: part|c|os, as rotat|ng
massos, and whoso bohav|or whon moasurod as a stat|st|ca| aggrogato, aro porto|s that gato' a hypor-d|mons|ona| roa||ty |nto our own wor|d.
Wh||o |oag|and, howovor, was concornod w|th tho hypor-d|mons|ona| |mp||cat|ons ot tho phys|cs ot vory |argo massos, |.o., stars, 3ohm |s
concornod w|th tho hypor-d|mons|ona| |mp||cat|ons ot tho phys|cs ot tho vory sma||. 1h|s |s an |nd|cator that tho phys|cs |nvo|vod |s sca|o-|nvar|ant,
that |s, app||cab|o ovor tho who|o rango ot sca|os ot objocts w|th wh|ch phys|cs doa|s.
3ohm's apt ana|ogy ot tho |ntoract|on ot th|s hypor-d|mons|ona| wor|d w|th our own |s that ot a projoct|on. lot us bog|n,' ho says, w|th a
roctangu|ar tank tu|| ot wator, w|th transparont wa||s.'
800
|o thon roproducos a d|agram ot a t|sh tank, w|th two to|ov|s|on camoras, ono po|ntod at
ono s|do ot tho tank, and tho othor at tho s|do porpond|cu|ar to oach. Each camora, A' and 3' rospoct|vo|y, |s attachod to ono to|ov|s|on mon|tor.
As tho t|sh sw|ms around, tho |magos trom tho two camoras aro sont to tho mon|tors. 3ohm thon commonts as to||ows:
What wo w||| soo thoro |s a corta|n ro|otloosblp botwoon tho |magos appoar|ng on tho two scroons. |or oxamp|o, on scroon A wo may soo an
|mago ot a t|sh, and on scroon 3 wo w||| soo anothor such |mago. At any g|von momont oach |mago w||| gonora||y |ook d|ttoront trom tho othor.
lovortho|oss tho d|ttoroncos w||| bo ro|atod, |n tho sonso that whon ono |mago |s soon to oxocuto corta|n movomonts, tho othor w||| bo soon to
oxocuto corrospond|ng movomonts. Voroovor, contont that |s ma|n|y on ono scroon w||| pass |nto tho othor, and v|co vorsa (o.g., whon a t|sh |n|t|a||y
tac|ng camora A turns through a r|ght ang|o, tho |mago that was on A |s now to bo tound on 3). 1hus at a|| t|mos tho |mago contont on tho othor
scroon w||| corro|ato w|th and rot|oct that ot tho othor.
801
ln othor words, our throo-d|mons|ona| wor|d acts as a sort ot pr|sm' to broak up a s|ngu|ar hypor-d|mons|ona| objoct |nto a tragmontod th|ng,
porco|vod trom d|ttoront ang|os but w|th corro|atod movomonts.
3ohm summar|zos th|s v|ow ot our throo-d|mons|ona| roa||ty as a projoct|on trom a h|gh-d|mons|ona| roa||ty, and |ts ottoct on porcopt|ons ot
quantum mochan|cs and |ts undor|y|ng |mp||cato ordor, w| th words oor||y ovocat|vo ot |oag|and's commonts about stars at tho bog|nn|ng ot th|s
chaptor:
.(W)o may rogard oach ot tho part|c|os' const|tut|ng a systom as a projoct|on ot a h|ghor-d|mons|ona|' roa||ty, rathor than as a soparato part|c|o,
ox|st|ng togothor w|th a|| tho othors |n a common throo-d|mons|ona| spaco. |or oxamp|o, |n tho oxpor|mont ot E|nsto|n, lodo|sky and loson, wh|ch
wo havo mont|onod oar||or, oach ot two atoms that |n|t|a||y comb|no to torm a s|ng|o mo|ocu|o aro to bo rogardod as throo-d|mons|ona| projoct|ons
ot a s|x-d|mons|ona| roa||ty.
802
|owovor, |t |s whon 3ohm turns to a cons|dorat|on ot tho |mp||cat|ons ot th|s v|ow that tho tu|| scopo ot tho poss|b|||t|os ot th|s doopor phys|cs
spr|ngs |nto tu|| v|ow, and w|th thom, tho roason tor tho assoc|at|on ot bankstors w|th tomp|os |n anc|ont t|mos - not to mont|on modorn t|mos! -
bocomos a ||tt|o c|oaror.
1o mako thoso |mp||cat|ons man|tost, 3ohm bog|ns by not|ng that
.(W)hon tho quantum thoory |s app||od to t|o|ds. |t |s tound that tho poss|b|o statos ot onorgy ot th|s t|o|d aro d|scroto (or quant|zod). 3uch a stato
ot tho t|o|d |s, |n somo rospocts, a wavo||ko oxc|tat|on sproad|ng out ovor a broad rog|on ot spaco. lovortho|oss, |t a|so has somohow a d|scroto
quantum ot onorgy (and momontum) proport|ona| to |ts troquoncy, so that, |n othor rospocts |t |s ||ko a part|c|o (o.g. a photon). |owovor, |t ono
cons|dors tho o|octromagnot|c t|o|d |n ompty spaco, tor oxamp|o, ono t|nds trom tho quantum thoory that oach such wavo-part|c|o' modo ot
oxc|tat|on ot tho t|o|d has what |s ca||od a zoro-po|nt' onorgy, bo|ow wh|ch |t cannot go, ovon whon |ts onorgy ta||s to tho m|n|mum that |s poss|b|o. lt
ono woro to add up tho onorg|os ot a|| tho wavo-part|c|o' modos ot oxc|tat|on |n any rog|on ot spaco, tho rosu|t wou|d bo |nt|n|to, bocauso an |nt|n|to
numbor ot wavo|ongths |s prosont.
808
3otoro wo can procood, |t |s nocossary to pauso and cons|dor how 3ohm has charactor|zod tho zoro-po|nt onorgy. |or 3ohm, as tho passago
just quotod makos c|oar, th|s onorgy |s a rosu|t ot tho quant|zod naturo ot spaco |tso|t, and ot tho tact that th|s quant|zat|on |s tho rosu|t ot wavo||ko
structuros - ot aroas ot compross|on and rarotact|on - w|th|n |t.
Why th|s |s so roqu|ros on|y a momont's rot|oct|on. Whon a phys|c|st suggosts that spaco |tso|t |s quant|zod, what ho moans |s s|mp|y that |t |s not
an |nt|n|to|y d|v|s|b|o cont|nuum, capab|o ot bo|ng d|v|dod |nto ovor sma||or un|ts or co||s oo lololtom. 1ho roason |s, accord|ng to 3ohm, that |t
spaco |tso|t |s tho rosu|t ot wavo||ko structuros ot compross|on and rarotact|on, thon such wavo||ko structuros w||| |nov|tab|y |nduco co||s w|th|n |t.
What appoars to bo an |nt|n|to|y d|v|s|b|o cont|nuum, thorotoro, |s roa||y so on|y bocauso ot tho |nt|n|to numbor ot wavo|ongths prosont at any g|von
po|nt ot vacuum spaco.
1h|s concopt|on |oads 3ohm to pos|t tho noxt stop toward tho quant|zat|on ot spaco |tso|t:
.(1)horo |s good roason to supposo that ono nood not koop on add|ng tho onorg|os corrospond|ng to shortor and shortor wavo|ongths. 7boro
moy bo o cortolo sbortost posslb|o wovo|oogtb, so that tho tota| numbor ot modos ot oxc|tat|on, and thorotoro tho onorgy, wou|d bo t|n|to.
804
Wo w||| rotor to th|s shortost poss|b|o wavo|ongth' as tho 3ohm wavo|ongth.'
1h|s 3ohm wavo|ongth' - tho |doa that wavo||ko phonomona aro thomso|vos quant|zod - has protound and hugo |mp||cat|ons tor tho typo ot
doopor phys|cs' bo|ng oxp|orod horo. |or ono th|ng, th|s unknown wavo|ongth sounds vory much ||ko tho |ost word' ot Vason|c trad|t|on, or tho
|ost chord' ot tho osotor|c doctr|no ot tho harmony ot tho sphoros, tho |ost chord bo|ng tho troquoncy wh|ch somohow b|nds a|| ot phys|ca| croat|on
togothor, sloco tbo |ottor ls bot o bormoolc or ovortooo sorlos o lt.
1h|s concopt|on turns out to havo hugo |mp||cat|ons tor tho poss|b|o un|t|cat|on ot tho phys|cs ot tho vory |argo w|th tho phys|cs ot tho vory sma||:
lndood, |t ono app||os tho ru|os ot quantum thoory to tho curront|y accoptod gonora| thoory ot ro|at|v|ty, ono t|nds that tho grav|tat|ona| t|o|d |s a|so
const|tutod ot such wavo-part|c|o' modos, oach hav|ng a m|n|mum zoro-po|nt' onorgy. As a rosu|t tho grav|tat|ona| t|o|d, and thorotoro tho
dot|n|t|on ot what |s to bo moant by d|stanco, coaso to bo comp|oto|y dot|nod. As wo koop on add|ng oxc|tat|ons corrospond|ng to shortor and
shortor wavo|ongths to tho grav|tat|ona| t|o|d, wo como to o cortolo |oogtb ot wblcb tbo moosoromoot o spoco ooo tlmo bocomos toto||y
ooooloob|o [slcj. 3oyond th|s, tho who|o not|on ot spaco and t|mo as wo know |t wou|d taco out, |nto somoth|ng that |s at prosont unspoc|t|ab|o. 5o
lt woo|o bo roosooob|o to sopposo, ot |oost provlslooo||y, tbot tbls ls tbo sbortost wovo|oogtb tbot sboo|o bo cooslooroo os cootrlbotlog to tbo
zoro-polot' ooorgy o spoco.
80b
ln short, loo tbot wovo|oogtb ooo ooo wl|| loo tbo obl|lty to ooglooor spoco-tlmo ooo o|| tbot ls lo lt. Ono wou|d bo ab|o to tap |nto a v|rtua||y
|noxhaust|b|o sourco ot onorgy and ut|||zo |t tor whatovor purposo ono dos|rod. Add|t|ona||y, 3ohm's romarks a|so suggost that t|nd|ng th|s
troquoncy wou|d a|so bo a stop on tho road to tho man|pu|at|on ot grav|ty |tso|t.
3ohm, moroovor, c|oar|y soos th|s |mp||cat|on ot ong|noorab|||ty, tor ho soos tho c|oar |mp||cat|on ot h|s v|ow tor tho vory construct|on and
const|tut|on' ot mattor |tso|t. lndood, ho ovon goos so tar as to g|vo an approx|mat|on ot tho vory troquoncy that const|tutos tho 3ohm wavo|ongth'!
Whon th|s |ongth |s ost|matod |t turns out to bo about 10
-88
cm. 1h|s |s much shortor than anyth|ng thus tar probod |n phys|ca| oxpor|monts
(wh|ch havo got down to about 10
-17
cm or so). lt ono computos tho amount ot onorgy that wou|d bo |n ono cub|c cont|motro ot spaco, w|th
th|s shortost poss|b|o wavo|ongth, |t turns out to bo vory tar boyond tho tota| onorgy ot a|| tho mattor |n tho known un|vorso.
What |s |mp||od by th|s proposa| |s that what wo ca|| ompty spaco conta|ns an |mmonso background ot onorgy, ooo tbot mottor os wo
koowlt ls o smo||, qoootlzoo' wovo|lko oxcltotloo oo top o tbls bockgroooo, rotbor |lko o tloy rlpp|o oo o vost soo.
800
3otoro pondor|ng tho |mp||cat|ons ot a|| th|s turthor, |t |s worth c|t|ng 3ohm on tho awosomo powor |mp||od |n such a v|ow:
lt |s bo|ng suggostod horo, thon, that what wo porco|vo through tho sonsos as ompty spaco |s actua||y tho p|onum, wh|ch |s tho ground tor tho
ox|stonco ot ovoryth|ng, |nc|ud|ng ourso|vos. 1ho th|ngs that appoar to our sonsos aro oorlvotlvo orms and tho|r truo moan|ng can bo soon on|y
whon wo cons|dor tho p|onum, |n wh|ch thoy aro gonoratod and susta|nod, and |nto wh|ch thoy must u|t|mato|y van|sh.
.
ln our approach (tho) b|g bang' |s to bo rogardod as actua||y just a ||tt|o r|pp|o.' An |ntorost|ng |mago |s obta|nod by cons|dor|ng that |n tho
m|dd|o ot tho actua| ocoan (|.o., on tho surtaco ot tho Earth) myrloos o smo|| wovos occoslooo||y como togotbor ortoltoos|y wltb socb pboso
ro|otloosblps tbot tboy ooo op lo o cortolo smo|| rogloo o spoco, sooooo|y to proooco o vory blgb wovo wblcb jost oppoors os l rom oowboro
ooo oot o ootblog. Porbops somotblog |lko tbls coo|o boppoo lo tbo lmmooso ocooo o cosmlc ooorgy, crootlog o sooooo wovo po|so, rom
wblcb oor oolvorso' woo|o bo boro.
807
Obsorvo qu|to carotu||y what 3ohm has just statod, tor |t |s cruc|a| to a|| that to||ows: mottor ltso|, lo o|| lts vorlogotoo orms, ls tbo roso|t o oo
lotororomotry - o tbo mlxlog' - o sovoro| wovos o vorloos wovo|oogtbs, o|| o tbom lo toro bormoolcs or ovortooos o tbo Bobm
wovo|oogtb.' lt ls tbo vory tocboo|ogy o tbo crootloo ox olbl|o, o tbo obl|lty o tbo pbyslco| moolom to crooto loormotloo ooo systoms by wovo-
mlxlog. lt ls tbo tocboo|ogy o crootloo rom ootblog. o|cbomy. And thoro |s ono t|na| consoquonco ot 3ohm's v|ows, and that |s that |n ordor to
g|vo ro|at|vo systom stab|||ty to such wavos, or rathor to tho systoms that such wavos gonorato, tho oas|ost way to do so |s v|a rotat|on.
A consoquonco |nov|tab|y to||ows trom th|s v|ow, and that |s that rotat|ng mator|a| systoms - whothor stars or part|c|os - aro thus ootoro|
rosoootors o socb wovos, and honco to undorstand tho pattorn ot |ntortoronco ot such wavos, ono had thorotoro to mooltor tbo goomotrlco|
posltloos o slgollcoot objocts lo |oco| spoco-tlmo. ln short, 3ohm, w|th h|s v|ow that mattor |s a porta|' and a g||mpso |nto th|s h|ghor-d|mons|ona|
roa||ty and |ts onorg|os, has prov|dod a rat|ona|o tor two th|ngs: tho anc|ont prooccupat|on w|th ostro|ogy, ooo tbo oocloot prooccopotloo wltb
o|cbomy, or botb oro moolostotloos o ooo ooo tbo somo pbyslcs. Vattor, to put |t succ|nct|y, |s but a stand|ng wavo ot |ntortoromotry ot othor
wavos, mattor |tso|t |s a grlo or tomp|oto o lotororooco ot such wavos. 1h|s torms tho ||nk to a|chomy, tor as such, mattor omorgos as |ntormat|on
w|th|n tho t|o|d ot tho phys|ca| mod|um. 1o put |t succ|nct|y, mattor |s mutab|o, or |n tho |anguago ot a|chomy, troosmotob|o, s|nco tho phys|ca|
mod|um |tso|t, tho lh||osophors' 3tono par oxco||onco, transmutos |tso|t |nto tho d|vors|ty ot tho mator|a| croat|on. 1h|s |doa ot mattor as o tomp|oto
o tbo lotororomotry o socb wovos w||| p|ay a koy ro|o whon wo turn to oxam|no tho p|acomont ot sacrod tomp|os a|ong a corta|n oarth gr|d |n tho
noxt chaptor, and an ovon moro cruc|a| ro|o as a connoct|ng concopt typ|ng togothor a|| tho d|sparato data po|nts |n th|s book upon |ts conc|us|on.
b. 1he FoundatIon |or the 8tudy o| Cycles NotIces a 8ImIlar 1hIng
Odd|y onough, tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os not|cod a vory s|m||ar th|ng. Wo havo a|roady oncountorod tho tact that tho |oundat|on's
toundor, Edward 0owoy, comparod tho many cyc|os |n |ts databaso to wavo torms, and not|cod tho tact that var|ous wavos ot cyc|os cou|d bo
avoragod' togothor, ||ko sound wavos.
lay 1omos, a mombor ot tho |oundat|on, wroto an |ntorost|ng papor prosontod at tho |oundat|on's |obruary 1000 contoronco. 1ho papor's t|t|o
|s prognant w|th |mp||cat|ons: 1owards a Un|t|od 1hoory ot Cyc|os.' ln |t, 1omos pursuos 0owoy's and 0ak|n's sound wavo ana|ogy to a
broathtak|ng conc|us|on:
Evontua||y l roa||sod that tho pattorn ot troquonc|os prosont |n . corn pr|cos wos tbo somo os tbo orroogomoot o roqoooclos o tbo wblto ootos
oo o plooo. 1h|s was pocu||ar, and go|ng back to my oar|y common oconom|c cyc|os study l roa||sod that tho rat|os 4:b:0:8 woro oxact|y thoso ot a
major chord |n mus|c! Why aro oconom|c sor|os p|ay|ng major chords and sca|os |n vory s|ow mot|on?
losoarch showod that such pattorns had boon obsorvod and roportod botoro by sovora| contr|butors to Cyc|os magaz|no.
808
Ono ot thoso was
0.3. Cast|o (10b0) who tound that stock markot cyc|os t|t tho mus|ca| sca|o. 1ho pattorn tound rangod ovor throo octavos, and a|| sovon wh|to notos
p|us ono b|ack noto woro prosont |n at |oast ono octavo.
800
1omos' suggost|on, |n othor words, |s s|mp|y ono and tho samo as that ot 0av|d 3ohm, namo|y, that ono m|ght t|nd tho u|t|mato wavo|ongth' or
troquoncy ot a|| typos ot cyc|os ot wh|ch a|| othors aro but harmon|cs or dor|vat|ons trom |t.
c. 1he Well-1empered ClavIer: 1he FIrst PhysIcal UnI|IcatIon
1ho suggost|on |s not as tar romovod trom phys|ca| roa||ty as |t m|ght at t|rst soom, tor tho modorn Wostorn mus|ca| sca|o w|th |ts 12 oqu|d|stant
notos' aro |n tact tho oxamp|o ot tho t|rst un|t|cat|on |n phys|cs. ln ordor to soo how, ono may portorm a s|mp|o oxorc|so. lt ono s|ts at an acoust|c
p|ano and s||ont|y prossos tho noto C,' and thon h|ts tho samo noto C' an octavo |owor, ono w||| hoar tho str|ngs ot tho s||ont|y prossod noto
v|brat|ng sympathot|ca||y w|th tho struck noto. 1ho roason |s s| mp||c|ty |tso|t. Each str|ng on tho p|ano v|bratos not on|y w|th tho ont|ro |ongth ot tho
str|ng, but s|mu|tanoous|y a|so v|bratos |n var|ous roctloos ot that |ongth. 1hus, oach noto has an ovortono' or harmon|c' sor|os ot notos.
1horotoro, ono can thon pross s||ont|y tho noxt noto |n C's' harmon|c sor|os, tho noto G,' and h|t tho samo C' as botoro. Onco aga|n, ono w||| hoar
tho s||ont|y prossod noto G' v|brat|ng sympathot|ca||y w|th tho struck C.' 1ho noxt noto |n tho harmon|c sor|os abovo G' |s aga|n tho noto C,' thon
tho noto E,' and so on. lt ono |s s|tt|ng at tho p|ano koyboard portorm|ng th|s s|mp|o oxpor|mont, ono w||| not|co that tho lotorvo|s ot oach harmon|c
ovortono ot tho or|g|na| C' aro grow|ng sbortor, t|rst tho octavo (tho t|rst s||ont|y prossod C'), thon a ltb, tho noto G,' thon aga|n anothor C' abovo
that, wh|ch |s a oortb, thon tho noto E,' wh|ch |s a tblro, and so on. 3ut ovontua||y ono w||| arr|vo, |n tho ootoro||y occorrlog harmon|c sor|os, at a
noto that ||os somowhoro |n tho crack' botwoon tho notos A' and 3 t|at' on tho p|ano koyboard.
3ut why doos tho p|ano (or any othor koyboard |nstrumont, tor that mattor) not havo that noto? 1ho answor |s s|mp|o. lt that noto woro prosont,
thon |t wou|d bo lmposslb|o to p|ay a p|oco that cont|nua||y changod koys. Ono wou|d on|y bo ab|o to p|ay a vory ||m|tod sor|os ot chords. 1o chango
koys trom, say, C' to 0,' ono wou|d ||tora||y havo to stop and rotuno tho who|o koyboard. 3o what has happonod?
What happonod was that botwoon tho sty||st|c chango |n mus|c botwoon tho lona|ssanco and tho 3aroquo, mus|c|ans |oarnod to twoak' tho
harmon|c sor|os, to tompor w|th |t, or, as thoy ||kod to say, to tompor' |t, by a s||ght mathomat|ca| adjustmont ot tho natura| ovortono sor|os, that
wou|d |n turn croato 12 oqu|d|stant notos, oocb ooo o bormoolc o o|| otbors, and thus mus|c cou|d chango through as many koys as |t w|shod |n tho
courso ot a p|oco, w|thout hav|ng to stop and rotuno tho who|o |nstrumont. ln th|s way, oach harmon|c sor|os ot oach noto on tho koyboard, wh|ch
or|g|na||y and natura||y d|d oot ovor|ap comp|oto|y, woro ong|noorod to do so, and thus woro un|t|od.
400
ln short, and boar|ng th|s ana|ogy |n m|nd, what phys|c|st 0av|d 3ohm |s actua||y suggost|ng, as a way torward |nto tho doopor phys|cs ot
ong|noor|ng tho mod|um |tso|t, |s that thoro |s a troquoncy o wblcb o|| otbors - rom soooo to o|octromogootlc wovos ovoo to grovltotlooo| wovos
- oro bormoolcs. |o |s propos|ng, |n ottoct, a vory anc|ont |doa, that ot tho mus|c ot tho sphoros, a wo||-tomporod c|av|or ot tho un|vorso |tso|t. |o
|s propos|ng a modorn phys|cs ana|oguo to tho |ost word' and |ost chord' ot osotor|c |oro.
d. NIkolaI Kozyrev's Causal MechanIcs and Precursor EngIneerIng
lt 0av|d 3ohm c|oar|y |mp||od a d|roct ong|noorab|||ty ot tho phys|ca| mod|um a|ong tho ||nos ot a wo||-tomporod' harmon|c un|t|cat|on ot phys|cs,
thon luss|an astrophys|c|st 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov wont ono stop turthor by |mp|y|ng tho ab|||ty to ong|noor not oocts, but coosos d|roct|y.
3uch an ab|||ty |mp||os that Kozyrov had a rathor moro unconvont|ona| v|ow ot t|mo than doos standard phys|cs. |or Kozyrov, t|mo was not a
moro durat|on, a pass|vo stago on wh|ch phys|ca| ovonts woro onactod,
401
rathor, t|mo |tso|t was an actor on tho stago that, ||ko spaco, had a mu|t|-
d|mons|ona| charactor and qoo|lty. An ana|ogy w||| bo usotu| to |||ustrato th|s po|nt. Ord|nar||y phys|cs tonds to th|nk ot t|mo |n torms ot tho tuturo, tho
prosont, and tho past, |.o., as s|mp|o oorotloo.
402
3ut human natura| |anguagos v|ow t|mo |n a much subt|or, doopor, and qua||tat|vo' sonso, w|th a
var|oty ot vorb tonsos and vo|cos: tuturo portoct, p|uportoct, past portoct, act|vo and pass|vo vo|cos, and so on. ln a sonso, natura| |anguagos
thorotoro v|ow t|mo and tho corro|at|ons botwoon systoms |n a much doopor and moro soph|st|catod mannor than doos phys|cs.
lt was th|s subt|oty that Kozyrov |ntondod to oxp|oro, and to rondor |nto tho torma||y oxp||c|t |anguago ot mathomat|cs. 1h|s comp|ox|ty and subt|oty
ot |ntorro|at|onsh|ps Kozyrov |ocatod |n tho rotat|on momont' ot a g|von systom, that |s, tho subt|ot|os ot t|mo and ot tho |ntoract|ons ot systoms
cou|d bo modo|od as a sor|os ot |ntor|ock|ng, and lotororlog, systoms ot rotat|on, or dynam|c tors|on.'
408
1|mo |tso|t cou|d |mpart |ts own |ntons|ty
- Kozyrov's word tor compross|on,' |mp|y|ng |ts oppos|to, rarotact|on - to a systom, as wo|| as |mpart a sp|n or|ontat|on to a systom.
404
1hrough
a sor|os ot oxtromo|y subt|o oxpor|monts w|th gyroscopos, ba|ancos, and |n somo casos, ovon to|oscopos, Kozyrov was ab|o to dotorm|no that
pr|or to tho |ncopt|on ot any phys|ca| act|on, a k|nd ot pro-act|on' wou|d bo rocordod by h|s moasur|ng oqu|pmont, a|most as |t tho oqu|pmont was
ant|c|pat|ng' tho phys|ca| act|on |tso|t.
40b
Causo' and ottoct' woro thorotoro thomso|vos tho rosu|t ot a |owor-d|mons|ona| tracturo or broak|ng ot a
h|ghor-d|mons|ona| un|ty and symmotry, much ||ko 3ohm's projoct|on ana|ogy. 3y not|ng tho tompora| cond|t|ons undor wh|ch thoso pro-act|ons' or
procursors' occurrod, ono cou|d ovontua||y ooglooor tho procursors to any phys|ca| act|on.
1hus, boar|ng |n m|nd Kozyrov's procursor ong|noor|ng,' and to roturn to 3ohm's ana|ys|s ot mattor |tso|t as a sot ot wavos |n tho mod|um that
aro |ntortorod upon ono anothor, produc|ng what 0owoy and 0ak|n wou|d ca|| an avoragod' wavo, thon ono may |mag|no a horr|t|c poss|b|||ty,
namo|y, tho oxact m|rror |mago ot such a wavo wh|ch, |ntortorod upon tho or|g|na|, wou|d sum to zoro, or oxact|y canco| |t out, mak|ng tho
somoth|ng' a noth|ng aga|n. 1ho u|t|mato |n procursor' ong|noor|ng was tho powor to oraso an ottoct ot a phys|ca| act|on a|togothor, by
orad|cat|ng |ts causo.
|urthormoro, 3ohm's and Kozryov's doopor phys|cs boh|nd tho apparont|y stochast|c procossos ot quantum mochan|cs |mp||os a s|m||ar doopor
phys|cs boh|nd tho apparont|y stochast|c procossos ot oconophys|cs as wo||. lndood, |t ono can, poco Kozyrov, ong|noor tho procursors ot ottocts
- |t ono can actua||y ong|noor coosos - thon th|s |mp||os that ono cou|d |ndood ong|noor tho procursors ot ocooomlc act|v|ty, s|nco tho moans to
do so, d|roct ong|noor|ng ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t, |s |mp||od |n both casos.
Consoquont|y, ono now has a spocu|at|vo bas|s upon wh|ch to advanco tho roasons tor tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot tho bank|ng c|ass throughout
h|story w|th tho tomp|o, that |s to say, w|th that o|omont or c|ass w|th|n human soc|oty that has at |oast somo grasp on th|s doopor phys|cs: bank|ng
|s |n ottoct an a|chom|ca| oporat|on ot croat|ng |ntormat|on out ot noth|ng, |n th|s caso tho |ntormat|on ot crod|t and dobt, tor tho |attor |s but a d|m
and pa|o tochno|og|ca| rot|oct|on |n tho roa|m ot t|nanco ot tho ana|ogous, but doopor, oporat|ons |n phys|cs. And |t |s s|m||ar|y || ko|y that th|s
ro|at|onsh|p was tormod proc|so|y so that by ut|||z|ng tho |attor, tho tormor tochno|ogy and doopor phys|cs m|ght u|t|mato|y bo rocovorod. ln short,
woro such a phys|cs to bo rocovorod, an a|||anco w|th as many tomp|o pr|osthoods was a|togothor nocossary, tor oach most ||ko|y prosorvod somo
tragmont ot |t, wh|ch whon appropr|ato|y assomb|od wou|d bo onco moro accoss|b|o. lt prov|dos a|so a rat|ona|o tor tho|r obsoss|vo |ntorost, s|nco
anc|ont t|mos, |n wor|d un|t|cat|on and dom|nat|on,' tor on tho ono hand, |t |s ||ko|y that vast t|nanc|a| rosourcos - rosourcos transcond|ng tho
woa|th ot any ono c|v|||zat|on |n anc|ont or modorn t|mos - wou|d bo noodod to roconstruct such a doopor phys|cs, and on tho othor hand, a wor|d
oxtont |s noodod |n ordor to ma|nta|n tho suppross|on ot any |ndopondont dovo|opmont or rocovory ot such a tochno|ogy by potont|a| r|va|s.
B. ECONON|C5, A51ROLOCY, AND A51ROPEY5|C5
1horo aro two stroams ot data that now convorgo to oxh|b|t a probab|o doopor phys|cs to oconom|c act|v|ty: on tho ono hand, tho vast databaso
ot wavo-||ko torms trom tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os, and on tho othor, tho |mp||cat|ons ot 0av|d 3ohm's |mp||cato ordor, whoro mattor
|tso|t |s tho rosu|t, and honco a natura| rosonator, ot such wavos. As notod |n chaptor two, ono ot tho |mp||cat|ons ot tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot
Cyc|os' databaso was that oconom|c cyc|os, proc|so|y bocauso thoy soomod to havo somo sort ot undor|y|ng phys|cs bas|s - roca|| 0owoy's and
0ak|n's sound wavo ana|ogy onco aga|n - woro to that oxtont and |n a corta|n sonso boyond tho tota| ru|o ot man's consc|ous w|||.'
400
3ut thoro |s
anothor k|nd ot databaso that 0owoy and 0ak|n d|d oot consu|t, but |t too suggosts a protound|y doop phys|cs to oconom|c act|v|ty.
And that databaso |s astro|ogy.
Astro|ogors havo, ot courso, boon cast|ng mundano horoscopos' tor var|ous nat|ons tor docados, |t not contur|os and m|||onn|a, and moro
rocont|y, many havo not|cod tho odd corro|at|ons ot corta|n rocurront p|anotary a||gnmonts and por|ods ot oconom|c boom or bust. Ono to do so |s
lobort Govor |n a rocont, and tasc|nat|ng, book ca||od 7lmo ooo Voooy. 7bo Ecooomy ooo tbo P|ooots. |o bog|ns by not|ng tho tact that 3aturn
orb|ts tho sun ovory 28-80 oarth yoars, Uranus 84 yoars, loptuno 10b yoars, and l|uto 248 yoars.
407
|o thon notos tho |mportanco ot thoso outor
p|anots tor astro|og|ca| oconom|c obsorvat|on: s|nco tho othor p|anots - 1up|tor, Vars, tho Earth, vonus, and Vorcury - a|| movo too rap|d|y
around tho 3un, thoy cannot bo usod to mark yoars or docados ot major oconom|c cyc|os.'
408
|o thon statos h|s ma|n thos|s, ono moro or |oss
wo||-known to astro|ogors, but not wo||-known outs|do such c|rc|os:
Evory t|mo tho U3A has gono through a groat dopross|on, tho outormost, s|owost mov|ng p|anots havo tormod what astro|ogors ca|| a grand cross
w|th tho U3A's nata| 3un and 3aturn. Evory t|mo Uranus has roturnod to oar|y Gom|n| whoro |t was whon tho U3A was born' 1u|y 4, 1770, Amor|ca
has oxpor|oncod |ts worst wars. Evory t|mo Uranus and l|uto havo movod |nto conjunct|ons or 00-dogroo squaros and s|mu|tanoous|y como
conjunct, oppos|to ot squaro sons|t|vo po|nts |n tho U.3. b|rth chart, Amor|ca has oxpor|oncod soc|a| changos or uphoava|s..
Othor wars occur whon tho U.3. nata| Uranus |s att||ctod' by trans|t|ng p|anots, as happonod whon tho Wor|d 1rado Contor and lontagon woro
attackod. 3aturn and l|uto torm 180-dogroo oppos|t|ons throo t|mos a contury, tho |atost bo|ng |n ottoct on 3optombor 11, 2001,. 1ho prov|ous
3aturn-l|uto oppos|t|on co|nc|dod w|th tho tompostuous por|od wo now ca|| tho 3|xt|os, tho ono botoro that w|th what wo now ca|| 1ho Groat
0opross|on.
400
Govor thon oxp|a|ns what tour ot tho most s|gn|t|cant conjunct|ons or a||gnmonts aro. Wo sha|| tocus on on|y two ot thom:
A Orooo Cross aspoct |s croatod whon tour p|anots torm s|mu|tanoous squaros and oppos|t|ons to oach othor. 1h|s |s a raro aspoct wh|ch br|ngs
obstruct|ons, tons|ons, trustrat|ons, |.o. a grand cross to tho U.3. 3un-3aturn squaro has tormod oach t|mo tho U3A has ta||on |nto a groat
dopross|on.
A Orooo 7rloo aspoct |s a|so raro, and |s tormod by a tr|ang|o ot throo p|anots 120 dogroos trom oach othor, croat|ng harmon|ous t|ows ot
onorgy, good tortuno and opportun|t|os.
410
lt |s odd that tho Grand Cross conjunct|on boars such a strango rosomb|anco to tho p|anotary pos|t|ons charts ot lCA ong|noor lo|son.
Grand Crossos torm such a common toaturo to U.3. dopross|ons that Govor actua||y tormu|atos |t as a k|nd ot astro|og|ca| |aw: lo grand cross,
no groat dopross|on.'
411
|owovor, Govor notos that |n th|s rospoct, astro|og|ca| prod|ct|on' |s not to bo m|sconstruod:
lt wo v|ow tho p|anots around us |n our so|ar systom as a hugo co|ost|a| c|ock, tho t|rst th|ng h|story toachos us |s that tho co|ost|a| c|ock |s not
mochan|ca||y proc|so ||ko our oarth|y c|ocks. A|though wo can d|scorn trom h|story whon ||ko oconom|c ovonts aro duo, c|ock-||ko prod|ct|on |sn't
poss|b|o. Cortolo p|oootory pottoros crooto soosoos wboo cortolo typos o ovoots coo bo oxpoctoo. 3ut tho p|anots cannot to|| us spoc|t|ca||y how
ovonts w||| unto|d, nor how wo w||| rospond. Wo know whon w|ntor |s n|gh but not how co|d |t w||| got. 3omo hurr|cano soasons br|ng groat
dovastat|on, othors aro |oss sovoro .
412
W|th th|s sa|d, a g|anco at Govor's charts |s |n ordor.
1ho t|rst Amor|can Groat 0opross|on occurrod |n tho 1780s. ||s chart |ooks ||ko th|s:
Robort Oovor`s Astro|oglco| Cbort or tbo Amorlcoo Oroot Loprossloo o tbo 1780s
418
lt ono takos tho t|mo to doc|phor tho p|anotary symbo|s, thon ono t|nds 3aturn was at 1b dogroos Capr|corn wh|ch puts |t oppos|to tho U.3. nata|
3un at 18 Cancor, moanwh||o, Vars at 21 Ar|os |s w|th|n orb or an oppos|t|on to (tho U.3.A.'s) nata| 3aturn at 1b dogroos ot l|bra.'
414
ln short, a
Grand Cross was tormod botwoon tho p|anotary pos|t|ons dur|ng tho 1780s groat dopross|on, and that ot tho|r pos|t|ons at tho t|mo ot tho U.3.A.'s
b|rth.
3|m||ar|y, a Grand Cross |s tormod dur|ng tho Groat 0opross|on ot tho 1870s.
Robort Oovor`s Astro|oglco| Cbort or tbo Amorlcoo Oroot Loprossloo o tbo 1870s
41b
0ur|ng th|s t|mo 3aturn |n Capr|corn tormod a squaro w|th loptuno |n Ar|os to croato tho grand cross w|th (tho U.3.A.'s) 3un and 3aturn.'
410
||na||y, dur|ng tho Groat 0opross|on ot tho 1080s, yot anothor Grand Cross was tormod:
Robort Oovor`s Astro|oglco| Cbort or tbo Amorlcoo Oroot Loprossloo o tbo 1080s
417
1h|s chart chows a Grand Cross botwoon 3aturn, at 18 dogroos Capr|corn squaro w|th Uranus at 11 dogroos Ar|os, and oppos|to (|.o., at 180
dogroos) w|th tho U.3.A.'s nata| 3un and 3aturn.
418
1hat thoso Grand Crossos havo a ma||gn |nt|uonco wou|d soom, at |oast as a prlmo oclo caso, to bo a g|von. 3ut |s thoro any roa|-wor|d phys|cs
corro|at|on?
1ho answor to th|s quost|on |s as oasy as roproduc|ng ono ot lo|son's charts trom h|s lCA study ot p|anotary a||gnmonts and rad|o s|gna|
propagat|on.
No|soo`s Cbort o Vooos-1opltor Opposltloo
410
loto tho s|m||ar|ty |s onco aga|n that p|anots, |n th|s caso tho looor p|anots, aro |n corta|n ro|at|onsh|ps to oach othor, ro|at|ons ot 00 dogroos or
somo harmon|c thoroot, |.o., 180 or 270 dogroos.
420
1hus, |t tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os' databaso and Govor's (and othor astro|ogors') charts aro any |nd|cator, thon wo can now draw
ovon c|osor to an undorstand|ng ot tho ro|at|onsh|p that was soon to ox|st botwoon bank|ng and tho tomp|o |n anc|ont t|mos, tor tbo ostro|oglco|
ooto o ocooomlc boom ooo bost woo|o bovo booo koowo by tbom rom oocloot tlmos, ooo lt woo|o bovo booo croclo| or tbo loooclo| powors lo
tbo koow' to bovo socb ooto ovol|ob|o, lo oroor to oxocorboto or oomp tbo ovoro|| trooo o boom or bost wltblo o cyc|o.
W|th th|s |n m|nd, a g|anco at tho ov|donco gathorod by E||on |odgson 3rown, whoso book was mont|onod |n tho lro|oguo, |s |n ordor, tor a
compar|son ot tho act|v|t|os ot bankstors ro|at|vo to Govor's astro|og|ca| charts |s qu|to rovoa||ng.
C. ELLEN EODC5ON BROWN
1. 1he epressIon o| the 1780s and the Banksters
3rown po|nts out somoth|ng that most modorn Amor|cans do not know, and that |s, that pr|or to tho Amor|can lovo|ut|on, most ot tho co|on|os
pr|ntod tho|r own papor monoy - oobt-roo - and actua||y mado |oans to tarmors and bus|nossmon. 1ho rosu|t was a boom|ng oconomy and
a|most tu|| omp|oymont. Whon 3onjam|n |rank||n wont to Eng|and pr|or to tho rovo|ut|on, ho was askod about tho sourco ot th|s prospor|ty by tho
d|roctors ot tho 3ank ot Eng|and,' and |rank||n rospondod that tho co|on|os |ssuod papor monoy '|n propor proport|on to tho domands ot trado and
|ndustry.''
421
3ut what was tho back|ng' ot th|s monoy? 1ho co|on|os, howovor, had ||tt|o s||vor and go|d w|th wh|ch to back tho|r |ssuos ot papor
curroncy. W|th what, thon, was |t backod? 1ho thon tamous lrotostant m|n|stor |n low Eng|and, Cotton Vathor, mado c|oar what tho back|ng ot th|s
co|on|a| scr|p was by ask|ng a po|ntod sor|os ot quost|ons:
ls a 3ond or 3||| ot Exchango tor (ono thousand pounds), othor than papor? And yot |t |s not as va|uab|o as so much 3||vor or Go|d, suppos|ng tho
socur|ty ot laymont |s sutt|c|ont? Nowwbot ls tbo socorlty o yoor Popor-moooy |oss tboo tbo Croolt o tbo wbo|o Coootry
422
As 3rown notos, Vathor had rodot|nod monoy. What |t roprosontod was not a sum ot go|d or s||vor. lt was crod|t: 'tho crod|t ot tho who|o
country.''
428
W|th|n tho contoxt ot tho ov|donco prosontod thus tar, and |n part|cu|ar, tho ana|ys|s ot 0av|d Ast|o rov|owod |n chaptor t|vo, what
Vathor had roo||y dono |s roturn to tho vory anc|ont concopt|on ot monoy pr|or to tho r|so ot tho |ntornat|ona| bankstor c|ass ot bu|||on brokors |n
anc|ont t|mos, what ho had dono was to roturn to tho |doa ot monoy as a croolt bl|| aga|nst tho surp|usos ot tho stato warohouso, and not oo
lotorost-boorlog ooto o prlvoto lssoooco.
|rank||n statod th|s concopt|on somowhat d|ttoront|y: 1ho r|chos ot a country aro to bo va|uod by tho quant|ty ot |abor |ts |nhab|tants aro ab|o to
purchaso and not by tho quant|ty ot go|d and s||vor thoy possoss.'
424
1ho d|ttoronco |s str|k|ng, tor
whon go|d was tho mod|um ot oxchango, monoy dotorm|nod product|on rathor than product|on dotorm|n|ng tho monoy supp|y. Whon go|d was
p|ont|tu|, th|ngs got producod. Whon |t was scarco, mon woro out ot work and poop|o know want. 7bo vlrtoo o govoromoot-lssooo popor scrlp wos
tbot lt coo|o growo|oog wltb proooctlvlty, o||owlog potootlo| to bocomo roo| woo|tb.
42b
|rank||n o|aboratod on tho sourco ot co|on|a| prospor|ty to h|s Eng||sh hosts, and h|s words aro worth tak|ng to hoart, tor |n thom ono d|scorns tho
c|oar d|ttoronco botwoon a c|osod systom ot dobt-as-monoy' or monot|zod dobt, and an opon systom ot monoy as a mod|um ot oxchango ot
proooctloo ooo croolt.
ln tho co|on|os wo |ssuo our own monoy. lt |s ca||od Co|on|a| 3cr|p. Wo |ssuo |t to pay tho govornmont's approvod oxponsos and char|t|os. Wo
mako suro |t |s |ssuod |n propor proport|ons to mako tho goods pass oas||y trom tho producors to tho consumors.. ln th|s mannor, croat|ng tor
ourso|vos our own papor monoy, wo contro| |ts purchas|ng powor, and wo bovo oo lotorost to poy to ooyooo. You soo, a |og|t|mato govornmont can
both spond and |ond monoy |nto c|rcu|at|on, wh||o banks can on|y |ond s|gn|t|cant amounts ot tho|r prom|ssory bank notos, tor thoy can no|thor g|vo
away nor spond but a t|ny tract|on ot tho monoy poop|o nood. 1hus, whon your banks horo |n Eng|and p|aco monoy |n c|rcu|at|on, thoro |s a|ways a
dobt pr|nc|pa| to bo roturnod and usury to bo pa|d. 1ho rosu|t |s that you havo a|ways too ||tt|o crod|t |n c|rcu|at|on to g|vo tho workors tu||
omp|oymont. Yoo oo oot bovo too mooy workors, yoo bovo too |ltt|o moooy lo clrco|otloo, ooo tbot wblcb clrco|otos, o|| boors tbo ooo|oss borooo
o oopoyob|o oobt ooo osory.
420
|rank||n has soon tho ossont|a| cr|m|na||ty and traud that |s contra| bank|ng, tor tho govornmonts pursu|ng a po||cy ot monot|z|ng tho dobt' on|y
moans that thoy aro boho|don to a pr|vato monopo|y, wh|ch |ssuos dobt as monoy,' whoroas tho co|on|a| oxpor|onco - and tho vory oocloot
oxpor|onco - was that troo monoy was croolt oo tbo proooctlvo sorp|os o tbo stoto, and honco, oo|y tbo stoto coo|o lssoo lt.
lood|oss to say, Eng|and's bankstors woro not about to a||ow th|s s|tuat|on to cont|nuo, a||ow|ng tho co|on|sts to ga|n prospor|ty w|thout onr|ch|ng
tho|r own paras|t|c cottors. 1hus, tho 3ank ot Eng|and par|ayod |ts |nt|uonco |n lar||amont to got tho 1704 Curroncy Act passod, wh|ch mado |t
|||oga| tor tho co|on|os to |ssuo tho|r own monoy. And prod|ctab|y, as |rank||n obsorvod, a yoar |ator tho stroots ot tho co|on|os woro t|||od w|th tho
unomp|oyod and boggars.
427
And |t was th|s subst|tut|on ot dobt as monoy, tho rop|acomont ot roo| monoy by tho ocslml|o ot monoy that,
accord|ng to |rank||n, was tho roa| causo ot tho lovo|ut|on.
428
Whon tho lovo|ut|onary War t|na||y camo, tho Cont|nonta| Congross t|nancod tho ont|ro ondoavor by onco aga|n rosort|ng to tho oxpod|ont ot
|ssu|ng |ts own papor scr|p as a c|rcu|at|ng dobt noto ot tho stato to bo rodoomod by co|nago at a tuturo dato.
420
Ot courso, tho Cont|nonta|
Congross |ssuod too much ot th|s scr|p, somo two hundrod m||||on do||ars' worth, so that by tho conc|us|on ot tho lovo|ut|onary War, tho scr|p was
bas|ca||y worth|oss.
3ut tho roa| |osson was not |n tho dangors ot a stato hypor-|nt|at|ng |ts stato-|ssuod crod|t notos. 1ho roa| |osson was that tho Cont|nonta|
Congross' scr|p
3t||| ovokod tho wondor and adm|rat|on ot toro|gn obsorvors, bocauso |t a||owod tho co|on|sts to do somoth|ng that had novor boon dono botoro.
1hoy succoodod |n t|nanc|ng a war aga|nst a major powor, w|th v|rtua||y no hard' curroncy ot tho|r own, wltboot toxlog tbo poop|o. |rank||n wroto.
dur|ng tho war, tho who|o |s a mystory ovon tho po||t|c|ans, how wo cou|d pay w|th papor that had no prov|ous|y t|xod tund appropr|atod spoc|t|ca||y
to rodoom |t. 7bls corroocy os wo mooogo lt ls o wooooro| mocbloo. 1homas la|no ca||od |t a cornor stono' ot tho lovo|ut|on: Evory stono |n tho
3r|dgo, that has carr|od us ovor, sooms to havo c|a|m upon our ostoom. 3ut th|s was a cornor stono, and |ts usotu|noss cannot bo torgotton.'
480
A|as, |t |s a |osson tho Amor|can poop|o and tho two po||t|ca| part|os that supposod|y roprosont' thom sooms a|| but torgotton |n modorn t|mos.
Ot courso, tho 3r|t|sh woro tu||y awaro ot how tho|r robo|||ous co|on|os woro tund|ng tho|r lovo|ut|on, and purposod to crash tho curroncy by tho
t|mo-tostod tact|c ot countorto|t|ng. Ono 3r|t|sh gonora| c|tod by 3rown |n hor book notod that ovory art ot countorto|t|ng had boon tr|od, but, to h|s
chagr|n, st||| tho curroncy has not ta||od.'
481
lt was on|y attor tho succosstu| lovo|ut|on that tho Cont|nonta| 3cr|p ta||od, as tho vory samo |ound|ng
|athors grow undorstandab|y d|s|||us|onod w|th tho rosu|t|ng dova|uat|on that |nt|at|on ot tho supp|y - not to mont|on tho countorto|t scr|p |n
c|rcu|at|on - causod. 1ho rosu|t ot th|s do||borato spocu|at|on aga|nst tho Amor|can Cont|nonta| 3cr|p was prod|ctab|o, tor tho |ound|ng |athors
robo||od aga|nst tho vory papor monoy-as-crod|t aga|nst tho stato's otoro product|vo surp|us attor tho war by stat|ng that Congross had tho powor
to mako and colo' monoy. ln othor words, tho Cont|nonta| Congross had ta||on |nto tho o|d trap ot tho |ssuanco ot tho ocslml|o o moooy, ot monoy
as oobt, ovon |t that dobt woro tho crod|t aga|nst a tuturo surp|us ot tho stato.
1ho notos roprosontod dobt, and tho dobt had now como duo. 1ho boarors oxpoctod to got tho|r go|d, and tho go|d was not to bo had. 1horo
was |nsutt|c|ont supp|y ot monoy tor conduct|ng trado. 1|ghton|ng tho monoy supp|y by ||m|t|ng |t to co|ns had qu|ck|y proc|p|tatod anothor
dopross|on. ln 1780, a tarmors' robo|||on broko out |n Vassachusotts, |od by 0an|o| 3hays. |armors brand|sh|ng p|tchtorks comp|a|nod ot
go|ng hoav||y |nto dobt whon papor monoy was p|ont|tu|. boo lt wos oo |oogor ovol|ob|o ooo oobts boo to bo ropolo lo tbo mocb scorcor
boro' colo o tbo Brltlsb bookors, somo ormor |ost tbolr orms.
482
1ho |mmod|ato rosu|t ot th|s ||rst Amor|can Groat 0opross|on' thon, was ot courso tho ca|| tor a strongor contra| govornmont and a moans tor |t to
croato an oxpandab|o monoy supp|y,' and tho convocat|on ot tho assomb|y that ovontua||y |od to tho dratt ot tho curront Amor|can Const|tut|on.
488
At th|s juncturo, |t |s worth c|t|ng E||on 3rown's commonts oxtons|vo|y:
1ho so|ut|on ot 1roasury 3ocrotary |am||ton was to monot|zo' tho nat|ona| dobt, by turn|ng |t |nto a sourco ot monoy tor tho country. |o proposod
that a nat|ona| bank bo author|zod to pr|nt up banknotos and swap thom tor tho govornmont's bonds. 1ho govornmont wou|d pay rogu|ar |ntorost on
tho dobt, us|ng |mport dut|os and monoy trom tho sa|o ot pub||c |and. Oppononts sa|d that acknow|odg|ng tho govornmont's dobt at taco va|uo
wou|d unta|r|y roward tho spocu|ators who had bought up tho country's l.O.U.s tor a p|ttanco trom tho so|d|ors, tarmors and sma|| bus|nossmon who
had actua||y oarnod thom, but |am||ton arguod that tho spocu|ators had oarnod th|s w|ndta|| tor tho|r ta|th |n tho country.' |o thought tho govornmont
noodod to on||st tho support ot tho spocu|ators, or tboy woo|o oo to tbo oowcoootry`s moooy wbot tboy boo oooo to tbo Cootloooto|..
1ottorson, |am||ton's ch|ot po||t|ca| opponont, toarod that g|v|ng pr|vato woa|thy c|t|zons an ownorsh|p |ntorost |n tho bank wou|d ||nk tho|r
|ntorosts too c|oso|y w|th|n |t. 1ho govornmont wou|d bo turnod |nto an o||garchy, a govornmont ot tho r|ch at war w|th tho work|ng c|assos. A bank
ownod by pr|vato stockho|dors, whoso dr|v|ng mot|vo was prot|t, wou|d bo |oss ||ko|y to bo rospons|vo to tho noods ot tho pub||c than ono that was
ownod by tho pub||c and subjoct to pub||c ovors|ght. 3tockho|dors ot a pr|vato bank wou|d mako tho|r t|nanc|a| doc|s|ons boh|nd c|osod doors,
w|thout pub||c know|odgo or contro|.
3ut |am||ton's p|an had othor stratog|c advantagos, and |t won tho day. 3os|dos noat|y d|spos|ng ot a cr|pp||ng todora| dobt and w|nn|ng ovor tho
mon ot woa|th,' |t socurod tho |oya|ty ot tho |nd|v|dua| 3tatos by mak|ng tho|r dobts too oxchangoab|o tor stock |n tho now 3ank. 1ho movo was
controvors|a|, but by stab|||z|ng tho 3tatos' shaky t|nancos, |am||ton got tho 3tatos on board, thwart|ng tho p|ans ot tho pro-3r|t|sh tact|on that
hopod to sp||t thom up and ostab||sh a lorthorn Contodoracy.
484
lt |s worth paus|ng at th|s juncturo to obsorvo, |n tho contoxt ot Govor's astro|og|ca| chart ot tho Groat 0opross|on ot tho 1780s, what wo havo:
1. 1ho Cont|nonta| Congross' scr|p was ossont|a||y oot tho samo th|ng as Co|on|a| scr|p, |n that |t wos dobt monoy |ssuod aga|nst a otoro prom|so to
pay, somo ot wh|ch was a prom|so to pay |n bu|||on wh|ch tho co|on|os d|d oot havo |n abundanco. |onco, tho Cont|nonta| 3cr|p |nov|tab|y oponod
|tso|t to spocu|at|on and countorto|t|ng by tho vory Europoan and 3r|t|sh bankstors who ho|d a v|rtua| monopo|y on bu|||on supp||os,
2. 1ho |nov|tab|o rosu|t, as tho va|uo ot tho Cont|nonta| p|ungod attor tho lovo|ut|on and tho monoy supp|y contractod to rot|oct tho scarco bu|||on
supp|y, was that tho post-lovo|ut|onary statos cou|d not pay tho|r dobt, and an |nov|tab|o dopross|on occurrod as tho supp|y ot monoy contractod
and pr|vato dobt-ho|dors woro not ab|o to sorv|co that dobt,
8. tho rosu|t ot tbls soquonco ot ovonts |od to tho ca|||ng ot tho Const|tut|ona| convont|on, tho tormu|at|on ot tho curront Amor|can const|tut|ona| systom,
and tho t|rst chartorod pr|vato contra| bank ot tho Un|tod 3tatos wh|ch |ssuod tho tacs|m||o ot monoy basod on monot|zod dobt,
4. 1ho a|tornat|vo toar, wh|ch |am||ton vo|cod, was that pr|vato spocu|ators' wou|d man|pu|ato any now Amor|can curroncy v|a spocu|at|on and
countorto|t|ng, dr|v|ng |t to s|m||ar worth|ossnoss, and sp||tt|ng tho now Amor|can nat|on |t thoy thomso|vos woro not g|von somo stako |n tho now
curroncy as a vostod c|ass |ntorost.
ln short, a|most trom tho bog|nn|ng ot tho curront const|tut|ona| systom ot Amor|ca, an unoasy comprom|so - a ootooto - was struck w|th tho
bankstors to a||ow tho now nat|on to surv|vo, and onr|ch that c|ass |n tho procoss. And dur|ng a|| th|s por|od, as Govor notod, tho p|anots woro |n
corta|n a||gnmonts..
2. 1he epressIon o| the 1870s and the Banksters
1ho Amor|can dopross|on ot tho 1870s aga|n to||owod yot anothor war |n Amor|can h|story, tho War 3otwoon tho 3tatos. And ||ko tho Amor|can
lovo|ut|on, at |oast ono ot tho |oadors ot tho bo|||goront part|os, as |s now wo||-known, choso to t|nanco h|s s|do ot tho war by |ssu|ng stato-croatod
dobt-troo monoy, |.o., monoy as croolt oo tbo proooctlvo ootpot o tbo ootloo. ||s namo, ot courso, was Abraham l|nco|n, and tho t|sca| |ossons ot
h|s pros|doncy and |ts |mmod|ato attormath aro onco aga|n worth rohoars|ng |n somo dota||.
Gorman Chanco||or Otto von 3|smarck wroto a cur|ous th|ng |n 1870 about tho t|sca| po||c|os ot tho l|nco|n Adm|n|strat|on:
l know ot abso|uto corta|nty, that tho d|v|s|on ot tho Un|tod 3tatos |nto todorat|ons ot oqua| torco was doc|dod |ong botoro tho C|v|| War by tho h|gh
t|nanc|a| powors ot Europo. 1hoso bankors woro atra|d that tho Un|tod 3tatos, |t thoy roma|nod |n ono b|ock and as ono nat| on, wou|d atta|n
oconom|c and t|nanc|a| |ndopondonco, wh|ch wou|d upsot tho|r t|nanc|a| dom|nat|on ovor Europo and tho wor|d. Ot courso, |n tho '|nnor c|rc|o' ot
||nanco, tho vo|co ot tho lothsch||ds prova||od. 1hoy saw an opportun|ty tor prod|g|ous booty |t thoy cou|d subst|tuto two toob|o domocrac|os
burdonod w|th dobt to tho t|nanc|ors. |n p|aco ot a v|gorous lopub||c sutt|c|ont unto horso|t. 1horotoro, thoy sont tho|r om|ssar|os |nto tho t|o|d to
oxp|o|t tho quost|on ot s|avory and to dr|vo a wodgo botwoon tho two parts ot tho Un|on.. 7bo roptoro botwooo tbo Nortb ooo tbo 5ootb bocomo
loovltob|o, tbo mostors o Eoropooo loooco omp|oyoo o|| tbolr orcos to brlog lt oboot ooo to toro lt to tbolr oovootogo.
48b
1horo was just ono prob|om. lros|dont l|nco|n rotusod to go |nto dobt to tho pr|vato c|ass ot bankstors to tund tho lorthorn ottort |n tho C|v|| War.
Chanco||or 3|smarck's commont |s worth c|t|ng:
1ho Govornmont and tho nat|on oscapod tho p|ots ot tho toro|gn t|nanc|ors. 1hoy undorstood at onco, that tho Un|tod 3tatos wou|d oscapo tho|r
gr|p. 1ho doath ot l|nco|n was roso|vod upon.
480
3|smarck, |n othor words, |n h|s customary d|roct way, was s|mp|y stat|ng that tho |nnor c|rc|o ot Europoan t|nanc|ors' |od by tho lothsch||ds had
had l|nco|n murdorod as a pun|shmont and mossago to thoso who daro prosumo to cha||ongo tho|r powor.
Wh||o l|nco|n was bus||y |ssu|ng h|s Groonback dobt-troo scr|p, howovor, tho bankstors woro bus||y hatch|ng a schomo ot tho|r own |n Congross
through tho| r own tact|on. Onco aga|n, |t |s ossont|a| to c|to E||on 3rown oxtons|vo|y |n ordor to approc|ato what tho scam was, and how |t was
ottoctod:
Wh||o ono tact|on |n Congross was busy gott|ng tho Groonbacks |ssuod to tund tho war, anothor tact|on was propar|ng a lat|ona| 3ank|ng Act that
wou|d do||vor a monopo|y ovor tho powor to croato tho nat|on's monoy supp|y to tho Wa|| 3troot bankors and tho|r Europoan att|||atos. 1ho lat|ona|
3ank|ng Act was promotod as ostab||sh|ng satoguards tor tho now nat|ona| bank|ng systom, but wh||o |t was an |mportant t|rst stop toward a tru|y
nat|ona| bank, |t was on|y a comprom|so w|th tho bankors, and bur|od |n tho t|no pr|nt, |t gavo thom oxact|y what thoy wantod. A pr|vato
commun|cat|on trom a lothsch||d |nvostmont houso |n london to an assoc|ato bank|ng t|rm |n low York datod 1uno 2b, 1808, cont|dod:
1ho tow who undorstand tho systom w||| o|thor bo so |ntorostod |n |ts prot|ts or so dopondont upon |ts tavors that thoro w||| bo no oppos|t|on trom
that c|ass, wh||o, on tho othor hand, tho groat body ot poop|o, monta||y |ncapab|o ot comprohond|ng. w||| boar |ts burdons w|thout comp|a|nt.'
1ho Act |ookod good on |ts taco. lt ostab||shod a Comptro||or ot tho Curroncy, whoso author|ty was roqu|rod botoro a lat|ona| 3ank|ng
Assoc|at|on cou|d start bus|noss. lt |a|d down rogu|at|ons covor|ng m|n|mum cap|ta||zat|on, rosorvo roqu|romonts, bad dobts, and roport|ng. 1ho
Comptro||or cou|d at any t|mo appo|nt |nvost|gators to |ook |nto tho atta|rs ot any nat|ona| bank. Evory bank d|roctor had to bo an Amor|can c|t|zon,
and throo-quartors ot tho d|roctors had to bo ros|donts ot tho stato |n wh|ch tho bank d|d bus|noss. lntorost ratos woro ||m|tod by 3tato usury |aws,
and |t no |aws woro |n ottoct, thon to 7 porcont. 3anks cou|d not ho|d roa| ostato tor moro than t|vo yoars, oxcopt tor bank bu||d|ngs. lat|ona| banks
woro not a||owod to c|rcu|ato notos thoy pr|ntod thomso|vos. lnstoad, thoy had to dopos|t U.3. bonds w|th tho 1roasury |n a sum oqua| to at |oast
ono-th|rd ot tho|r cap|ta|. 1hoy got govornmont-pr|ntod notos |n roturn.
3o what was tho prob|om? A|though tho now nat|ona| banknotos woro tochn|ca||y |ssuod by tho Comptro||or ot tho Curroncy, th|s was just a
torma||ty, ||ko tho pr|nt|ng ot |odora| losorvo lotos by tho 3uroau ot Engrav|ng and lr|nt|ng today. 1ho curroncy boro tho namo ot tho bank post|ng
tho bonds, and |t was |ssuod at tho bank's roquost. lo ooct, tbo Notlooo| Booklog Act ootborlzoo tbo bookors to lssoo ooo |ooo tbolr owo popor
moooy. 1ho banks dopos|tod' tho bonds w|th tho 1roasury, but thoy st||| ownod tho bonds, ooo tboy lmmooloto|y got tbolr moooy bock lo tbo orm
o tbolr owo bookootos. 1opp|ng |t ott, tho lat|ona| 3ank|ng Act ottoct|vo|y romovod tho compot|t|on to thoso banknotos. lt |mposod a hoavy tax on
tho notos ot tho stato-chartorod banks, ossont|a||y abo||sh|ng thom. lt a|so curta||od compot|t|on trom tho Groonbacks, wh|ch woro ||m|tod to spoc|t|c
|ssuos wh||o tho bankors' notos cou|d bo |ssuod at w|||. 7roosory 5ocrotory 5o|moo P. Cboso ooo otbors comp|olooo tbot tbo bookors woro
boylog op tbo Orooobocks wltb tbolr owo bookootos.
487
ln othor words, what tho lat|ona| 3ank|ng Act roa||y d|d was a||ow tho bankstors ottoct|vo|y to outproduco tho govornmont Groonbacks |n |ssuos ot
tho|r own dobt-boar|ng banknotos, wh|ch tho bankstors thon usod to buy Groonbacks and tako thom out ot c|rcu|at|on!
1ho bankstors to||owod th|s up |n 1878 w|th tho so-ca||od Act that bocamo known popu|ar|y as tho Cr|mo ot '78,' an act wh|ch ottoct|vo|y torbado
tho co|nago ot s||vor as |oga| tondor, ottoct|vo|y p|ac|ng Amor|ca on tho go|d standard onco aga|n. lrod|ctab|y, tho Act |od to a vast|y shrunkon
monoy supp|y, unomp|oymont, and tho 0opross|on ot tho 1870s. 1ho rosu|t was s|m||ar to tho bankstor-ong|noorod 0opross|on ot tho 1780s, tor |t
|od to a po||t|ca| rovo|t' ot powortu| tarmors who tormod tho appropr|ato|y namod Groonback larty, ca|||ng tor tho |ssuanco ot stato-croatod dobt-
troo monoy d|roct|y, wh|ch monoy was to bo usod putt|ng poop|o back to work |mprov|ng tho |ntrastructuro ot tho country.
488
Wh||o tho Groonbacks
novor succoodod |n p|ac|ng a nat|ona| cand|dato ot tho|r own |nto tho Wh|to |ouso, tho|r mossago was hoard, and |n 1881 1amos Gart|o|d bocamo
lros|dont ot tho Un|tod 3tatos ot Amor|ca. Gart|o|d proc|a|mod:
Whosoovor contro|s tho vo|umo ot monoy |n any country |s tho abso|uto mastor ot a|| |ndustry and commorco.And whon you roa||zo that tho ont|ro
systom |s vory oas||y contro||od, ono way or anothor, by a tow powortu| mon at tho top, yoo wl|| oot bovo to bo to|o bowporloos o lo|otloo ooo
ooprossloo orlglooto.
480
As 3rown notos, Gart|o|d was murdorod not |ong attor ro|oas|ng th|s statomont, whon ho was |oss than tour months |nto h|s pros|doncy.'
440
Wo
sha|| havo occas|on to roturn to a cons|dorat|on ot lros|dont Gart|o|d's romarks |n a momont, but tor now, bo |t notod, that ho has c|oar|y |ns|nuatod
that tho cyc|os ot boom and bust aro ortllclo||y crootoo by tbo bookstors, wboroos tbo cyc|os ooto ossomb|oo by Eoworo Lowoy, ooo tbo
ostro|oglco| ooto ossomb|oo by Oovor, c|oor|y loolcoto tbot socb tblogs oppoor to bovo mocb ooopor coosos tboo jost bomoo octloos, ooo oro,
to o cortolo oxtoot, loovltob|o. 5o..wbot ls roo||y golog oo
A h|nt |s porhaps ga|nod by tho tact that
1. |n tho casos ot both dopross|ons oxam|nod thus tar, both occurrod otor a major war, and,
2. both occurrod attor tho govornmont |n oach caso doc|dod to tund tho war by |ssuanco ot dobt-troo monoy, bypass|ng tho bankstors comp|oto|y,
and,
8. tho bankstors rota||atod aga|nst that curroncy by un|oash|ng var|ous torms ot spocu|at|on and man|pu|at|on aga|nst |t, through countorto|t|ng, or by
othorw|so romov|ng tho govornmont's curroncy trom c|rcu|at|on, and
4. |n oach |nstanco thus tar, th|s rosu|tod |n tho do||borato t|ghton|ng ot tho monoy supp|y and a corrospond|ng |oss ot jobs, product|on, and an
oconom|c dopross|on.
1hoso pattorns roach tho nad|r ot tho|r oxpross|on | n tho groatost 0opross|on ot thom a||, tho Groat 0opross|on ot tho 1080s.
3. 1he Great epressIon o| the 1930s and the Banksters
3y tho t|mo ot tho Groat 0opross|on, tho groat strugg|o botwoon tho todora| govornmont ot tho Un|tod 3tatos ot Amor|ca and tho pr|vato
bankstors had t|na||y boon won by tho |attor w|th tho croat|on ot tho pr|vato|y ownod |odora| losorvo 3ank |n 1018, and |ts th|n|y-d|sgu|sod po||co
torco agoncy, tho lntorna| lovonuo 3orv|co, tho agoncy rospons|b|o tor gathor|ng tho now|y croatod todora| |ncomo tax that was dos|gnod
spoc|t|ca||y to pay tho rogu|ar |ntorost paymonts to tho bankstors |oan|ng monoy at |ntorost to tho govornmont. 1hon bogan tho do||borato|y and
qu|ot|y orchostratod run-up to tho Groat 0opross|on:
1ho prob|om bogan |n tho loar|ng 1wont|os, whon tho |od mado monoy p|ont|tu| by koop|ng |ntorost ratos |ow. Vonoy soomod to bo p|ont|tu|, but
what was actua||y t|ow|ng troo|y was crod|t' or dobt.' lroduct|on was up moro than wagos woro up, so moro goods woro ava||ab|o than tho monoy
to pay tor thom, but poop|o cou|d borrow. 3y tho ond ot tho 1020s, major consumor purchasos such as cars and rad|os (wh|ch woro thon |argo
p|ocos ot turn|turo that sat on tho t|oor) woro bought ma|n|y on crod|t. Vonoy was so oasy to got that poop|o woro borrow|ng just to |nvost, tak|ng out
short-torm, |ow-|ntorost |oans that woro road||y ava||ab|o trom tho banks.
1ho stock markot ho|d ||tt|o |ntorost tor most poop|o unt|| tho lobbor 3arons startod promot|ng |t, attor amass|ng |argo stock ho|d|ngs vory
choap|y thomso|vos. 1hoy so|d tho pub||c on tho |doa that |t was poss|b|o to got r|ch qu|ck by buy|ng stock on marg|n' (or on crod|t). 1ho |nvostor
cou|d put a down paymont on tho stock and pay ott tho ba|anco attor |ts pr|co wont up, roap|ng a hotty prot|t. 1h|s |nvostmont stratogy turnod tho
stock markot |nto a spocu|at|vo pyram|d schomo, |n wh|ch most ot tho monoy |nvostod d|d not actua||y ox|st.. 1ho pub||c wont w||d ovor th|s
schomo. ln a spocu|at|vo tovor, many poop|o ||tora||y bot tho tarm.'. |omostoads that had boon ownod troo and c|oar woro mortgagod to tho
bankors, who tannod tho tovor by ottor|ng tavorab|o crod|t torms and |ntorost ratos. 1ho |odora| losorvo mado thoso tavorab|o torms poss|b|o by
substant|a||y |owor|ng tho d|scount rato - tho |ntorost rato mombor banks pa|d to borrow trom tho |od. 1ho |od thus mado |t oasy tor tho banks to
acqu|ro add|t|ona| rosorvos, aga|nst wh|ch thoy cou|d oxpand tho monoy supp|y by many mu|t|p|os w|th |oans.
441
3ut why, asks E||on 3rown, wou|d tho |odora| losorvo want to swamp tho U.3. oconomy w|th an |nt|atod supp|y ot borrowod do||ars' ot |odora|
losorvo notos?
1ho answor |s ch||||ng.
1ho ov|donco,' says 3rown, po|nts to a schomo botwoon 3onjam|n 3trong, thon Govornor ot tho |odora| losorvo 3ank ot low York, and
Vontagu lorman, hoad ot tho 3ank ot Eng|and, to do||vor contro| ot tho t|nanc|a| systoms ot tho wor|d to a sma|| group ot pr|vato contra|
bankors.'
442
1ho roason, accord|ng to 0r. Carro|| Ou|g|oy ot tho Goorgotown 3choo| ot lntornat|ona| lo|at|ons, and h|mso|t an |ns|dor' w|th accoss
to tho bankstors' p|ans, was that dur|ng tho 1020s, tho pr|vato|y-ownod contra| banks woro dotorm|nod to uso tho t|nanc|a| powor ot 3r|ta|n and tho
Un|tod 3tatos to torco a|| tho major countr|os ot tho wor|d to go on tho go|d standard and to oporato |t through contra| banks troo trom a|| po||t|ca|
contro|.'
448
ln othor words, tho schomo, by torc|ng monoy to bo a rot|oct|on ot tho wor|d's go|d supp||os, was ono ot orostlco||y cortol|log tbo
omooot o moooy lo clrco|otloo os oobt, thus sott|ng ott a 0opross|on.
1ho p|an was |ndood |ngon|ous tor |ts co|d ca|cu|at|on and cunn|ng:
lorman, as hoad ot tho 3ank ot Eng|and, was dotorm|nod to koop tho 3r|t|sh pound convort|b|o to go|d at pro- [Wor|d War l| |ovo|s, a|though tho
pound had |ost substant|a| va|uo as aga|nst go|d dur|ng Wor|d War l. 1ho rosu|t was a major dra|n ot 3r|t|sh go|d rosorvos. 1o koop go|d trom
t|ow|ng out ot Eng|and |nto tho Un|tod 3tatos, tho |odora| losorvo, |od by 3trong, supportod tho 3ank ot Eng|and by koop|ng U.3. |ntorost ratos
|ow, |nt|at|ng tho U.3. do||ar. 1ho h|ghor |ntorost ratos |n london mado |t a moro attract|vo p|aco tor |nvostors to put tho|r go|d, draw|ng |t trom tho
Un|tod 3tatos to Eng|and, but tho |owor ratos |n tho Un|tod 3tatos causod an |nt|at|on bubb|o, wh|ch soon got out ot hand. 1ho moot|ngs botwoon
lorman and 3trong woro vory socrot|vo, bot tbo ovloooco soggosts tbot lo lobroory 1020, tboy cooc|oooo tbot o co||opso lo tbo morkot wos
loovltob|o ooo tbot tbo bost coorso wos to |ot lt corroct ootoro||y' (ootoro||y, tbot ls, wltb o |ltt|o bo|p rom tbo loo). 1hoy sont adv|sory warn|ngs to
||sts ot protorrod customors.to|||ng thom to got out ot tho markot. 7boo tbo loo bogoo so||log govoromoot socorltlos lo tbo opoo morkot,
roooclog tbo moooy sopp|y by roooclog tbo rosorvos ovol|ob|o or bocklog tbom. 7bo book-|ooo roto wos o|so locroosoo, cooslog rotos oo
brokors` |ooos to jomp to 20 porcoot.
1ho rosu|t was a hugo ||qu|d|ty squoozo - a |ack ot ava||ab|o monoy. 3hort-torm |oans suddon|y bocamo ava||ab|o on|y at much h|ghor |ntorost
ratos, mak|ng buy|ng stock on marg|n much |oss attract|vo. As towor poop|o bought, stock pr|cos to||, romov|ng tho |ncont|vo tor now buyors to
purchaso stocks bought by oar||or buyors on marg|n. Vany |nvostors woro torcod to so|| at a |oss by marg|n ca||s' (ca||s by brokors tor |nvostors to
br|ng tho cash |n tho|r marg|n accounts up to a corta|n |ovo| attor tho va|uo ot tho|r stocks had ta||on). 1ho pan|c was on, as |nvostors rushod to dump
tho|r stocks tor whatovor thoy cou|d got tor thom. 1ho stock markot crashod ovorn|ght. loop|o w|thdrow tho|r sav|ngs trom tho banks and toro|gnors
w|thdrow tho|r go|d, turthor dop|ot|ng tho rosorvos on wh|ch tho monoy stock was bu||t..lt was dramat|c ov|donco ot tho dangors ot do|ogat|ng tho
powor to contro| tho monoy supp|y to a s|ng|o autocrat|c hoad ot an autonomous agoncy.
444
Onco aga|n, ono has, |t ono comparos th|s ov|donco w|th Govor, that as tho p|anots ontorod corta|n a||gnmonts, corta|n po||c|os woro pursuod by
tho bankstors, t|rst, to art|t|c|a||y |nt|ato tho monoy supp|y, oxtond|ng oasy crod|t and dobt, and thon suddon|y contract|ng |t, a||ow|ng stock pr|cos to
ta||, and a||ow|ng tho bankstors to snap up roa| assots tor a substant|a||y |owor pr|co.
Ot courso, as a|| ot th|s was go|ng on, |orbort |oovor was lros|dont, and as wo havo a|roady soon, ho qu|ot|y comm|ss|onod Commorco
0opartmont oconom|st Edward 0owoy to study tho roasons tor a|| thoso 0opross|ons.
4. lmplIcatIons
3o now |ot us roturn to tho statomonts ot lros|dont 1amos Gart|o|d c|tod prov|ous|y, and to tho quost|ons thoy ra|sod.
loca|| that ho c|oar|y |ns|nuatod that tho cyc|os ot boom and bust aro ortllclo||y crootoo by tbo bookstors, wboroos tbo cyc|os ooto ossomb|oo
by Eoworo Lowoy, ooo tbo ostro|oglco| ooto ossomb|oo by Oovor, c|oor|y loolcoto tbot socb tblogs oppoor to bovo mocb ooopor coosos tboo
jost bomoo octloos, ooo oro, to o cortolo oxtoot, loovltob|o. 5o..wbot ls roo||y golog oo ln oach caso thus tar oxam|nod, as thoso p|anotary
a||gnmonts woro occurr|ng, or, moro |mportant|y, as a g|anco at 0owoy's cyc||c data wou|d |nd|cato, oach downturn, and part|cu|ar|y that ot tho
Groat 0opross|on ot tho 1080s, camo at a momont whon tho data suggostod that th|s was moro or |oss loovltob|o, rogard|oss ot what act|ons
m|ght havo boon takon by var|ous govornmonts or bankstors.
3o |ot us now mako two assumpt|ons, basod on tho assomb|od data:
1. 1ho cyc||c data ot 0owoy suggostod that a downturn was |nov|tab|o proc|so|y dur|ng tho t|mo ot tho 1080s 0opross|on, and tho cosmo|og|ca| data
assomb|od by Govor suggostod a s|m||ar |nov|tab|||ty tor othor dopross|ons |n Amor|can h|story, and,
2. 1ho prosonco, s|nco anc|ont t|mos, ot tho c|oso assoc|at|on botwoon tho tomp|o' w|th |ts astro|og|ca| assoc|at|ons and tho bank|ng c|ass'
cootloooo ooobotoo loto moooro tlmos, a po|nt road||y suggostod by tho prosonco ot oconom|sts ot major banks |n 0owoy's own |oundat|on.
Govor's astro|og|ca| data, moroovor, wou|d bo ava||ab|o to any astro|ogor capab|o ot cast|ng a mundano horoscopo, and honco, road||y ava||ab|o
to anyono so |nc||nod to assomb|o such charts tor compar|son w|th tho h|stor|ca| ov|doncos ot booms and busts |n var|ous oconom|os.
1hus, ono |s |od to an aston|shod, and rathor broathtak|ng conc|us|on: |t wou|d appoar that anyono |n possoss|on ot such know|odgo as 0owoy's
cyc|os or astro|og|ca| data s|m||ar to Govor's wou|d bo |n a pos|t|on, through carotu| po||cy man|pu|at|on and tho contract|on ot a monoy supp|y
basod on tho tacs|m||o ot monoy-as-c|rcu|at|ng-dobt, to dramat|ca||y oxacorbato and cap|ta||zo on tho ovora|| upward or downward trond ot such a
cyc|o. Voroovor, tbls oppoors to bo oxoct|y wbot boppoooo lo tbo cosos o tbo tbroo groot ooprossloos lo Amorlcoo blstory.
1ho oxact mocboolsm tor thoso doopor phys|cs |nt|uoncos on human bohav|or |s not horo |n v|ow, howovor. lt may bo tho caso that corta|n
a||gnmonts causo corta|n typos ot bohav|or to omorgo |n tho aggrogato, wh|ch |n turn croato cond|t|ons apt to tavor ono po||cy or courso ot act|on
ovor anothor. Or convorso|y, |t may bo that corta|n typos ot |nt|uoncos b|ock tho aggrogato ab|||ty ot humans to porco|vo tho subt|o man|pu|at|ons ot
thoso wou|d-bo mastor man|pu|ators, wh|ch othor typos ot |nt|uoncos may magn|ty human porcoptua| ab|||t|os and d|scrot|on. Wo s|mp|y do not
know how th|s works. 3ut what wo oo know |s that th|s astro|og|ca| componont and |ts connoct|on to tho bank|ng c|assos |s as o|d as tho c|v|||zat|on
w|th wh|ch astro|ogy |s assoc|atod: 3aby|on |tso|t. lt |s an assoc|at|on as o|d as that ot tho anc|ont pr|osthoods and tomp|os not on|y w|th tho stars,
but w|th tho bu|||on brokors. lt |s |ntorost|ng to noto, thon, that somo a||ogo that tho lothsch||d tam||y socrot|y tracos |ts tam||y dynasty back to tho
3umor|an tyrant l|mrod.
44b
D. |NPL|CA1|ON5 OF ENC|NEERAB|L|1Y: 1EE ANC|EN1 ALCEEN|CAL CONNEC1|ON
A|| th|s |mp||os an ong|noorab|||ty' to oconom|c trooos, ovon |t ono doos not possoss tho tochno|ogy or moans to ong|noor tho phys|ca| mod|um
or thus |ts cyc|os tbomso|vos, tor |t ono possossod a sutt|c|ont databaso to know |n advanco tho |nov|tab|o cyc|os ot boom and bust, ono may not
bo ab|o to rovorso thoso cyc|os, but ono cou|d cons|dorab|y oxacorbato or a||ov|ato tho|r ovora|| ottoct.
1ho koystono |n tho arch ||nk|ng togothor a|| thoso d|sparato concopts - oconophys|cs, astro|ogy, astronomy, 3ohm's and Kozyrov's procursor
ong|noor|ng ot causat|on |tso|t, tho bu|||on brokors, tho anc|ont tomp|os - |s a|chomy, wh|ch |n |ts oxotor|c aspoct |s tho ab|||ty to contoct tho
lh||osophors' 3tono, a substanco that can turn baso mota|s |nto go|d, and |n |ts osotor|c aspoct |s tho ab|||ty to draw upon tho transmutat|vo,
|ntormat|on-croat|ng proport|os ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t tor tho powor to croato or dostroy. ln |ts oxotor|c aspoct, thorotoro, |t wou|d bo ot
|mmod|ato concorn to tho bu|||on brokors to command such a tochno|ogy, to provont any outs|do torco or tact|on trom ut|||z|ng such a tochno|ogy to
co||apso tho art|t| c|a||y-croatod va|uo ot tho|r bu|||on, and honco ru|n|ng tho|r pr|vato monoy-croat|ng powor. 3|m||ar|y, |t wou|d bo ot |mmod|ato
|ntorost to thoso w|sh|ng to broak that bu|||on brokors' monopo|y to command that tochno|ogy. 3y tho samo tokon, tho bu|||on brokors, by contro|||ng
tho oxotor|c aspocts ot a|chomy, wou|d soo |n |t a moans to tho vast|y oxpandod powors ot |ts osotor|c aspoct, tho ab|||ty to man|pu|ato and
ong|noor tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t, thus |nc|ud|ng ovon tho cyc|os ot aggrogato human bohav|or and act|v|ty. Onco that powor was rostorod to
thom, tho|r |ron gr|p on powor wou|d bo comp|oto.
3o not|co tho stagos wh|ch havo boon obsorvod throughout tho prov|ous chaptors:
1. ln tho t|rst stago, tho bu|||on brokors rosort to a k|nd ot o|so a|chomy, |.o., tho pr|vato croat|on ot crod|t (and |ntorost dobt) by tho t|ct|on ot |odgor
crod|t ontry. 1h|s |s tho t|nanc|ors' a|chom|ca| char|atan|sm, tor somoth|ng has qu|to ||tora||y boon croatod out ot noth|ng, but that somoth|ng' on|y
cont|nuos to bo somoth|ng ot va|uo so |ong as w|dor soc|oty accrod|ts |t as such. lt |s not gonu|no |ntormat|on, tor |t |s |n tact, |n |ts |ntorost dobt
croat|on, tho croat|on ot oogotlvo |ntormat|on,' a b|ack ho|o ot t|nanc|a| ontropy that |nov|tab|y must suck a|| croat|vo product|on |nto |t and |ot
noth|ng oscapo, |t |s a t|nanc|a| cancor that |nov|tab|y w||| consumo |ts host, croat|ng |ts own doath. loso that cont|donco, and tho va|uo |s gono.
1hus, tho way to sanct|ty and onsuro that nogat|vo va|uo' was to assoc|ato tho|r monoy m|nt|ng and |ssu|ng act|v|t|os w|th tho sanct|ty and prob|ty ot
tho var|ous tomp|o pr|osthoods |n oach c|v|||zat|on,
2. ln tho socond stago, a|chomy |s pursuod tor |ts own sako, not on|y to |ncroaso or oxpand tho supp|y ot bu|||on, but a|so to monopo||zo that
tochno|ogy |ost tho too-rap|d |ncroaso ot that supp|y ru|n tho va|uo ot tho pr|vato|y-croatod monoy wh|ch thoy thomso|vos havo |mp|omontod. ln short,
thoy must monopo||zo th|s tochno|ogy |ost tho|r monoy monopo|y bo cha||ongod by k|ngs |ntont upon rostor|ng tho|r crown prorogat|vo ot monoy
|ssuanco basod upon tho croat|vo product|on ot tho|r stato and subjocts. And |n ordor to monopo||zo |t, thoy must qu|to ||tora||y |nt||trato ovory
soc|oty and c|v|||zat|on wh|ch appoars ||ko|y to dovo|op |t. lt |s, portorco, and by tho naturo ot tho caso, an |ntornat|ona| consp|racy, tor |t must havo
an |ntornat|ona| roach |n ordor to onsuro that tho oconom|c systom roma|ns c|osod.
8. ln tho th|rd stago, wh|ch |s a|ways tho u|t|mato goa|, tho bu|||on brokors sook to dovo|op tho h|ghost a|chom|ca| tochno|ogy ot thom a||: tho ab|||ty to
ong|noor tho phys|ca| mod|um and |ts cyc|os d|roct|y. 3|nco a|chomy |n |ts oxotorlc aspoct |s basod upon |ts osotorlc aspoct, |.o., upon tho |doa ot
tho phys|ca| mod|um as an |ntormat|on-croat|ng and transmutat|vo mod|um, th|s tochno|ogy too must ||kow|so bo monopo||zod, s|nco any r|va|
ga|n|ng accoss to |t cou|d succosstu||y cha||ongo tho|r monopo|y ot monoy |ssuanco and, moro |mportant|y, wou|d havo tho powor to ovorturn thom
by torco |t nocossary.
|rom Vorgan's suppross|on ot 1os|a, to 1os|a's own poss|b|o |ndopondont uso ot h|s w|ro|oss |mpu|so transm|ttor tochno|ogy |n a woapon|zod
tash|on at 1unguska, to laz| Gormany's rostorat|on ot stato-croatod, dobt-troo monoy and to |ts |nvost|gat|on ot th|s doopor tors|on'-basod phys|cs
w|th |ts 3o|| projoct, to anc|ont 3parta's and lomo's attompts to rostoro oconom|c autarchy and lomo's burn|ng ot Egypt|an a|chom|ca| books, tho
pattorn |s tho samo:
Whorovor thoro |s a pr|vato monopo|y on tho croat|on ot monoy, thoro too ono t|nds tho |nov|tab|o and covort a|||anco w|th tho tomp|o ot sc|onco,
and a mutua| |ntorost |n tho socrot dovo|opmont ot tho doop a|chom|ca| phys|cs ot tho mod|um, tor that, tar boyond tho shadowy |m|tat|ons ot
|ntornat|ona| bankstors croat|ng |odgor crod|t ontr|os, |s tho u|t|mato powor to croato or dostroy.
1hat a|||anco w|th tho tomp|o gavo tho anc|ont bu|||on brokors yot anothor c|uo on tho road to rocovor|ng tho |ost and un|t|od phys|cs: tho
p|acomont ot such tomp|os on tho surtaco ot tho Earth |tso|t, and tho ropot|t|vo occurronco w|th|n thoso structuros ot a sacrod goomotry known to |ts
pr|osts and |n|t|atos.
|||.
1EE NON51ER5 |N 1EE NACE|NE
lo tbolr orlvo to oovooco tbo g|obo| omplro, corporotloos, books, ooo govoromoots (co||octlvo|y tbo corporotocrocy) oso tbolr loooclo| ooo po|ltlco| mosc|o to
oosoro tbot oor scboo|s, boslooss, ooo moolo sopport botb tbo o||ocloos coocopt ooo lts coro||ory. 7boy bovo broogbt os to o polot wboro oor g|obo| co|toro ls o
moostroos mocbloo tbot roqolros oxpooootlo||y locrooslog omooots o oo| ooo molotooooco, so mocb so tbot lo tbo ooo lt wl|| bovo coosomoo ovorytblog lo slgbt
ooo wl|| bo |ot wltb oo cbolco bot to oovoor ltso|.'
- 1obo Porklos, Cooossloos o oo Ecooomlc llt Voo, p. xv.
5ovon
5ACRED 5|1E5 AND 5CALAR 1ENPLE5
1|E EAl1| Gll0 Al0 1|E 1lAl3VU1A1lvE VE0lUV
7bo moooro booklog systom mooooctoros moooy oot o ootblog. 7bo procoss ls porbops tbo most ostoooolog ploco o
s|olgbt o booo tbot wos ovor lovootoo. l yoo woot to bo s|ovos o tbo bookors, ooo poy tbo cost o yoor owo s|ovory,
tboo |ot tbo books crooto moooy.'
- Loro 1oslob 5tomp, ormor Llroctor o tbo Book o Eog|ooo
440

7bo ooop ottltooo o tbo g|obo|, most|y mo|o, corporoto goog wos oxprossoo by Lovlo Rockoo||or ot tbo 1ooo 1001
Bl|oorborg mootlog lo Boooo-Boooo, Oormooy, wboro bo orgooo or soproootlooo| sovorolgoty o oo loto||octoo| o|lto
ooo wor|o bookors, wblcb ls soro|y proorob|o to tbo ootlooo| ooto ootormlootloo proctlcoo lo tbo post cootorlos.`'
- Loolo| Esto|lo, cltlog Lovlo Rockoo||or
447

1horo |s ||tt|o doubt that many anc|ont tomp|os - trom G|za to 3tonohongo to 1oot|huacan |n Vox|co - aro a||gnod to astronom|ca| phonomona or
part|cu|ar stars or consto||at|ons. |owovor, |t |s oqua||y truo, as notod |n chaptor tour, that many ot thoso tomp|os aro a||gnod, or rathor, s|tuatod, to
somoth|ng o|so, and that |s tho|r pocu||ar s|t|ng on tho surtaco ot p|anot Earth horso|t. Vany rosoarchors, not|c|ng th|s pocu||ar p|acomont, havo
boon ab|o to domonstrato that thoso s|tos, |t v|owod as a tota| systom, const|tuto a k|nd ot gr|dwork' or |mag|nary |att|co strotchod across tho taco
ot tho g|obo. Voroovor, thoso structuros, trom tho Groat lyram|d ot G|za to tho larthonon |n Athons, to tho vast and anc|ont pyram|ds ot Vox|co,
appoar to |ncorporato moasuros |n tho|r d|mons|ons compr|s|ng constants ot a sacrod goomotry.'
Consoquont|y, |n ordor to grasp tho |ntr|cato ro|at|onsh|ps ot doop phys|cs and doop t|nanco, ono must go yot anothor stop turthor, tor |t thoro
was, as has boon a|roady soon, a doop and anc|ont connoct|on botwoon tho anc|ont tomp|os, tho|r pr|osthoods, and astro|ogy on tho ono hand and
tho bu|||on brokors' on tho othor, and |t, as has boon arguod, th|s connoct|on ov| ncod a h|ddon mot|vat|on on tho part ot tho |attor to know and
man|pu|ato tho phys|cs th|s portondod, thon tho a||gnmont ot thoso s|tos and tomp|os, and |ndood, tho|r vory d|mons|ons, may torm yot anothor c|uo
and data po|nt to bo cons|dorod. lndood, rosoarchor 3r|an 0osborough makos somo aston|sh|ng assort|ons |n th|s rospoct:
3acrod goomotry, wh|ch compr|sod tho coro toach|ng ot any gonu|no Vystory 3choo| ot ant|qu|ty, wos locorporotoo loto tbo ooslgo o bol|ologs
tbot ooob|oo tbom to ooctloo os rosoooot covltlos, wblcb woro ottoooo to tbo oyoomlc ooorglos tbot porvooo tbo cosmos. 1h|s |s tho samo
onorgy cont|nuum that was harnossod somo two thousand yoars |ator by l|ko|a 1os|a and othor sc|ont|t|c p|onoors, who o|octod to conduct tho|r
rosoarch boyond tho stu|t|ty|ng cont|nos ot acadom|a.
1ho bas|c tonots ot sacrod goomotry woro taught |n anc|ont Vystory 3choo|s, |n countr|os as goograph|ca||y d|vorso as lnd|a, 3r|ta|n, and Egypt.
7bls stroog|y soggosts tbot socb lostltotloos ooctloooo oot os loolvlooo| ootltlos, bot rotbor os o troosootlooo| ootwork. 3uch a suggost|on
|mp||os that tho moro osotor|ca||y-or|ontod . socts oporatod not as |nd|v|dua| ro||g|ous commun|t|os, but woro |n commun|cat|on w|th tho Vystory
3choo|s ot othor nat|ons.
448
As has boon soon, tho r|so ot an |ntornat|ona| c|ass ot bu|||on brokors c|oso|y assoc|atod w|th such tomp|os |n anc|ont t|mos prov|dos a roady
mochan|sm to oxp|a|n th|s transnat|ona| charactor ot tho Vystory 3choo|s, and may havo boon |nstrumonta| |n tho d|spors|on ot such |doas.
Voro |mportant|y, howovor, 0osborough c|oar|y a||udos to an occu|tod pbyslcs porposo that mot|vatod tho |ncorporat|on ot thoso goomotr|os |nto
anc|ont tomp|os, tor thoso woro, |n h|s words, dos|gnod to tunct|on as rosonant cav|t|os' or, |n a phys|c|st's |anguago, as coup|od harmon|c
osc|||ators' to thoso dynam|c onorg|os that porvado tho cosmos.' ln th|s |ast statomont, 0osborough |s corroct, tor as has a|so boon soon, tho
doopor phys|cs suggostod by Kozyrov and 3ohm |n tho porpotua| dynam|sm ot tho cosmos, w|th |ts rotat|ng systoms w|th|n rotat|ng systoms,
|mp||os that mattor |tso|t ar|sos as a gr|dwork or |ntortoronco pattorn ot tho wavos producod |n tho phys|ca| mod|um. As such, mattor |s a natura|
rosonat|ng cav|ty ot such wavos, and |n corta|n goomotr|ca| a||gnmonts and d|mons|ons, that rosonanco can conco|vab|y bo mado to tunct|on moro
ott|c|ont|y. 0osborough's |ns|ght |s koon, but untortunato|y, no|thor arguod nor substant|atod.
3o |nov|tab|y tho quost|on occurs: |s thoro such a gr|dwork ot s|tos upon tho Earth? And do tomp|os |n tact ov|donco a goomotry |n tho|r vory
construct|on that wou|d onab|o thom to tunct|on as such rosonators?
A. 1EE NODERN R|5E OF EAR1E CR|D 1EEOR|E5
1. lvan 8anderson
Ono doos not havo to road too tar |nto tho aroa ot Earth Gr|d thoor|os to t|nd a vor|tab|o ovorgrowth ot w||d spocu|at|ons and tanc|tu| |doas. 3ut
tho actua| modorn growth ot tho thoory may bost bo attr|butod to tho sc|ont|t|c rosoarch ot somo luss|an chom|sts, and a Wostorn sc|ont|st
|ntorostod |n anoma|ous phonomona,' tho tamous |ortoan rosoarchor lvan 3andorson. 3andorson was |n tact a protoss|ona| b|o|og|st by
acadom|c tra|n|ng and background. 3ut |n 1072 ho pub||shod an art|c|o tor 5ogo magaz|no ont|t|od 1ho 1wo|vo 0ov||'s Gravoyards Around tho
Wor|d.'
What 3andorson d|d was to comp||o a databaso ot 3ormuda 1r|ang|o'-||ko phonomona ot sh|p and p|ano d|sappoarancos wor|dw|do, and,
us|ng modorn tochn|quos ot commun|cat|ons and goophys|ca| tabu|at|on, p|ottod thoso on a map ot tho g|obo. 1hoso corro|atod to 12 aroas on tho
g|obo whoro magnot|c anoma||os and othor onorgy phonomona woro ||nkod to a tu|| spoctrum ot strango phys|ca| phonomona.'
440
l|ott|ng thoso
strango occurroncos on a map y|o|dod 12 rog|ons whoro such phonomona occurrod w|th a groator stat|st|ca| occurronco than usua|:
lvoo 5oooorsoo`s Vop 5bowlog tbo 12 Vl|o Vortlcos'
What 3andorson a|so notod, howovor, was that somo ot thoso aroas a|so |nc|udod strango moga||th|c structuros. |or oxamp|o, on tho map
abovo, |n tho lac|t|c Ocoan wost ot 3outh Amor|ca, ono such tr|ang|o |ncorporatos Eastor ls|and, w|th |ts wo||-known and vory strango stono
carv|ngs ot g|gant|c sty||zod human hoads. Anothor, |ocatod |n tho A|gor|an dosort, a|so was homo to moga||th|c structuros.
2. 1he RussIans Get Into the Game
3andorson's t|nd|ngs spurrod a vor|tab|o t|urry ot act|v|ty, as othor rosoarchors, notab|y tho ong|noor and mathomat|c|an Car| Vunck, qu|ck|y
not|cod that v|rtua||y a|| anc|ont s|tos woro |a|d out accord|ng to a schomo |ncorporat|ng somo sort ot Earth Gr|d' |nc|ud|ng tho tonots ot sacrod
goomotry and anc|ont un|ts ot moasuromont such as tho moga||th|c yard.' lo |oss than tho 3ov|ot Acadomy ot 3c|oncos bocamo |nvo|vod |n th|s
ottort, whon an art|c|o, ls tho Earth a largo Crysta|?' appoarod |n |ts journa| Kblmlyo l Zblzo (Cbomlstry ooo Llo), authorod by a tr|o ot vory
un||ko|y co||aborators.
Ono ot thom, l|ko|a| Goncharov, was an h|stor|an tasc|natod by tho anc|ont wor|d and |ts h|story. Goncharov p|ottod on a map ot tho wor|d a|| tho
contors ot oar||ost human cu|turo.'
4b0
Goncharov thon mot a construct|on ong|noor, vyachos|av Vorozov, and vao|ry Vakarov, an o|octron|cs
rosoarchor. loo||ng tho|r rosourcos, tho tr|o, to||ow|ng tho |oad ot somo 3ov|ot sc|ont|sts, suggostod tho Earth actua||y bogan as a crysta| w|th
angu|ar d|mons|on' that on|y attor m|||onn|a ot mot|on and tho act|ons ot many torcos d|d tho crysta| round |tso|t |nto a ba||.' Voroovor, bocauso ot
th|s, h|ddon bonoath tho surtaco ot tho Earth, tho odgos ot that crysta|||no structuro woro bur|od and poss|b|y st||| ta|nt|y v|s|b|o.
4b1
lator, rosoarchors 3||| 3ockor and 3otho |agons oxpandod on tho luss|an art|c|o w|th tho|r own vors|on. |agons doscr|bod hor own roact|on to
tho luss|an rosoarch, and |ts |mp||cat|ons, as to||ows:
l tound a p|cturo ot tho wor|d w|th a tunny |att|co work on |t. lt |ookod as |t somoono had put ono ot 3uckm|nstor |u||or's domos ovor tho p|anot, and
tho dos|gn caught my oyo. As l road tho accompany|ng art|c|o.l |oarnod that was |ndood what had boon dono. 1hroo luss|ans (an ong|noor, a
h|stor|an, and a ||ngu|st) had tound that tho domo-||ko goomotr|c pattorn cou|d bo a||gnod on tho Earth |n such a way that tho struts ot tho domo
mappod out major goo|og|c toaturos (such as mounta|n rangos and r|vor systoms), and tho connoct|ng po|nts tor tho struts to|| at tho s|tos ot
|mportant anc|ont c|v|||zat|ons.
4b2
|agons and 3ockor thon oxpandod on tho luss|an concopt, and producod tho to||ow|ng |ntorost|ng map, wh|ch |ndood |ooks ||ko somo b|zarro
croat|on ot 3uckm|nstor |u||or:
7bo Orlgloo| Rossloo Eortb Crysto|'
||atton|ng tho projoct|on, and add|ng 3ockor's and |agon's rosoarch to |t, y|o|ds tho|r Earth gr|d map:
7bo Bockor-logoos Eortb Orlo Vop o 1088
look|ng at th|s map carotu||y d|sc|osos somo rathor |ntorost|ng toaturos. |or ono th|ng, tho convorgonco ot sovora| ||nos |n tho southorn lac|t|c
Ocoan wost ot lat|n Amor|ca |s, onco aga|n, c|oso to Eastor ls|and and |ts moga||th|c stono statuos. Yot anothor ||no runs duo north and south
through Eng|and, c|oso to tho co|obratod structuro ot 3tonohongo. Yot anothor nodo ot convorgoncos occurs |n ||or|da, noar tho wo||-known Cora|
Cast|o, constructod - no ono knows oxact|y how - by Edward loodska|n|n. ||na||y, yot anothor nodo occurs at a|most tho oxact |ocat|on ot tho
G|za p|atoau |n Egypt. And |ost ono th|nk th|s was tho tanc|tu| croat|on ot low Ago dabb|ors and cranks, |ot |t bo notod that W||||am 3ockor was a
protossor ot |ndustr|a| dos|gn at tho Un|vors|ty ot l|||no|s, wh||o 3otho |agons was a protossor ot anthropo|ogy at tho Govornors 3tato Un|vors|ty ot
l|||no|s.
4b8
1ho mont|on ot 3uckm|nstor |u||or attords a s|gn|t|cant c|uo |nto what m|ght bo go|ng on w|th th|s Earth Gr|d systom. ln a sor|os ot unusua|
oxpor|monts, |u||or doc|dod to tost what sorts ot wavo pattorns m|ght omorgo w|th|n sphoros whon subjoctod to acoust|c stross, that |s, whon
subjoctod to stross ot |ong|tud|na| wavos. |u||or pa|ntod tho surtacos ot ba||oons, |mmorsod thom |n wator, and thon pu|sod tho wator w|th sound
wavos ot vary|ng troquonc|os. |u||or d|scovorod that as tho sphoros v|bratod, thoy sot up stand|ng wavos on tho surtacos ot tho ba||oons such that
tho pa|nt wou|d bog|n to co||oct and torm ||nos and gr|d-||ko pattorns on tho surtaco.
4b4
W|th th|s ono has tho concoptua| ||nk to tho |doas ot Kozyrov, 3ohm, and othors, tor |t mattor |s tho roso|t ot tho |ntoronco pattorn ot such
|ong|tud|na| wavos |n tho mod|um' (or, as somo havo ca||od thom, sca|ar' wavos') and as such |s thorotoro a natura| rosonator ot thom, thon |t
stands to roason that as a rosonator, such wavos w||| bo porpotua||y ostab||shod w|th|n any p|anotary body, produc|ng such a gr|dwork. 3ma||
wondor thon that 1os|a, |n h|s schomo tor tho boam|ng ot w|ro|oss powor to any part ot tho g|obo, tound |t nocossary to gr|p tho oarth,' tor such
wavos, rosonat|ng w|th tho ovor-chang|ng dynam|sm ot tho p|anots thomso|vos, wou|d bo a v|rtua||y |noxhaust|b|o supp|y ot onorgy. And sma||
wondor too, that 1.l. Vorgan, w|th h|s own doop connoct|ons to tho o|| |ndustry and |ts undorstand|ng ot onorgy as a non-ronowab|o c|osod systom
ot a scarco rosourco, ovontua||y shut 1os|a down.
3. Back to the NazIs
3ut |ost |t bo torgotton, tho t|rst major wor|d powor to show an |ntorost |n Earth gr|d thoor|os was not 3ov|ot luss|a, but laz| Gormany. As
dota||od |n my prov|ous book 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, ||mm|or's lasput|n,' Kar| Var|a W|||gut, |ntroducod ||mm|or to tho goomant|c |doas ot
Gnthor K|rchhott, who bo||ovod that thoro was such a wor|d gr|d ot anc|ont s|tos |a|d out on powor po|nts dos|gnod to draw onorgy trom tho oarth
|tso|t.
4bb
B. DR. KON51AN1|N NEYL'5 PALEOPEY5|CAL |N1ERPRE1A1|ON OF ANC|EN1 1ENPLE5
A5 5CALAR RE5ONA1OR5
lt tho concopt|on ot mattor |tso|t, as a tomp|ato' or gr|dwork ot tho |ntortoronco ot such |ong|tud|na| stand|ng wavos |n tho mod|um rat|ona||zos, |s
capab|o ot rat|ona||z|ng tho p|ocomoot ot corta|n anc|ont tomp|os on tho surtaco ot tho Earth, what about tho |ncorporat|on ot sacrod goomotry |nto
tho|r vory d|mons|ons?
Ono sc|ont|st who tack|od th|s prob|om vory d|roct|y |s Gorman phys|c|st and ong|noor lrot. 0r.-lng. Konstant|n Voy|. Voy| |s tho author ot
probab|y tho on|y comprohons|vo - and h|gh|y mathomat|ca| - toxtbook troatmont ot tho product|on ot such sca|ar or |ong|tud|na| wavos |n tho
mod|um. 1ho t|t|o ot Voy|'s book, a|| 0b4 pagos ot |t, |s 5co|or ovos. lrom oo Extooooo Vortox ooo llo|o 7boory to o 7ocbolco|, Blo|oglco|,
ooo llstorlco| Uso o Loogltooloo| ovos.
4b0
|or tho tochn|ca||y and mathomat|ca||y m|ndod, th|s book |s a thorough |ntroduct|on to tho thoory and
pract|co ot sca|ar wavos, |t ono can got through tho somot|mos shaky Eng||sh trans|at|on.
Voy| |s a sc|ont|st who vory do||borato|y and consc|ous|y sots out to roconstruct an undor|y|ng phys|cs bas|s - what l havo ca||od pa|oophys|cs'
|n my var|ous books on anc|ont h|story and toxts - trom anc|ont myths, toxts, and tomp|os. And h|s program, as out||nod |n tho t|na| pagos ot h|s
book, |s a tota| ono.
|or oxamp|o, ho roproducos tho to||ow|ng tab|o as a summary ot h|s part|cu|ar way ot docod|ng' tho anc|ont tomp|os and mystor|os:
Anc|ont tomp|o = short wavo stat|on
0od|catod to ono god = t|x|ng ot tho troquoncy
3upromo god Zous, = rango ot tho short wavo
|athor ot a|| gods = a|| short wavo bands
lr|ost, loprosontat|vo ot tho god = amatour rad|o oporator w|th ||conso to transm|t
||gh pr|ost = ch|ot |ntondant
lont|tox Vax|mus, topmost br|dgo bu||dor' = Cha|rman ot tho author|ty and tho to|ograph ott|cos
Orac|o = to|ography roco|vor
lunos, cuno|torm wr|t|ng = to|ography symbo|s
Votro, hoxamotor = |ncroaso ot rodundancy
Orac|o pr|ost = to|ography |ntorprotor
1r|pod = rocopt|on koy, o|octroacoust|ca| convortor
look|ng at |ntost|nos, l|to ot sacr|t|c|ng = road|ng ott convu|s|ons, o|octro-opt|ca| convortor
1omp|o books = nows notos
3oor, who |ooks |nto tho God wor|d = amatour rad|o oporator, at to|ography rocopt|on
|omor = Anc|ont rad|o oporator
Godo|ogy = h|gh-troquoncy tochno|ogy
God namo = l03, stat|on |dont|t|cat|on
Vombors ot a tam||y ot gods = broadcast|ng stud|os ot a broadcast|ng company

Earth rad|at|on = powor supp|y

|omago ot a wookday = t|mo rostr|ct|on ot tho oporat|on ot tho stat|on
Zous torgos thundorbo|ts' = o|octrostat|c b|ows, whon a 1omp|o |s osc|||at|ng
l|tua| act = tochn|ca| prov|s|on tor transm|ss|on and rocopt|on
Co||a (marrow ot tomp|o) = tunod cav|ty
Obo|| sk = antonna rod
12
4b7
Wh||o th|s tab|o ot compar|sons and docod|ngs m|ght at t|rst g|anco soom h|gh|y |mp|aus|b|o |t not downr|ght b|zarro, Voy| m|ncos no words |n tho
oxp|anatory toxt accompany|ng th|s tab|o:
lt sha|| bo provon that a|roady |n ant|qu|ty rad|o ong|noor|ng basod on sca|ar wavos has boon usod. 1ho proot starts w|th a thos|s.
1ho tomp|os |n ant|qu|ty woro a|| short wavo broadcast|ng stat|ons. And onorgy trom tho t|o|d sorvod as an onorgy sourco, so o.g. tho oarth
rad|at|on |n tho caso ot tomp|os ot torrostr|a| gods. ln tho caso ot tho so|ar god tho rad|at|on ot tho 3un was usod, whoroas tor tho tomp|os, wh|ch
woro dod|catod to tho p|anotary gods, tho noutr|no rad|at|on arr|v|ng trom tho p|anots sorvod as an onorgy sourco.
4b8
Voy|'s program, |n othor words, |s a tota| ono. ln torms ot tho contoxt ot tho hypothot|ca| sconar|o w|th wh|ch wo oponod th|s book |n chaptor ono,
howovor, |t |s a|so an |ntr|gu|ng ono, tor g|von tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot tho anc|ont bu|||on brokors w|th tho tomp|os, thoy, ||ko tho|r modorn
countorparts, wou|d havo nood ot a vast commun|cat|ons notwork, ono, moroovor ||ko tho|r modorn countorparts, that wou|d bo tastor than thoso
commun|cat|ons ava||ab|o to tho common massos. 3o Voy|'s thos|s, trom ono standpo|nt, t|ts tho noods ot tho s|tuat|on portoct|y.
lt |s, howovor, whon Voy| turns to a cons|dorat|on ot tho sacrod goomotry |n thoso tomp|os that h|s thos|s takos on |ts broathtak|ng s|gn|t|canco. ln
ordor to buttross h|s thos|s, Voy| roproducos tho d|agrams ot tho t|oor p|ans, and |n somo casos, s|do v|ows and cutaways, ot sovora| anc|ont
tomp|os. Wo do so horo |n ordor to |||ustrato h|s thos|s, and to sot h|s romarks and commontary |nto tho|r propor contoxt. Voy| t|rst roproducos tho
t|oor p|an and tront v|ow ot tho 1omp|o ot Zous |n O|ymp|a, show|ng |ts uso ot tho Go|don lat|o, or lh| (=0.01818.):
7bo 7omp|o o Zoos ot O|ymplo, wltb Voy|`s Co|co|otloo o lts Rosoooot lroqooocy
4b0
loto Voy|'s ca|cu|at|ons ot tho rosonant troquoncy ot tho 1omp|o on tho |owor |ott ot h|s d|agram: b V|z or b Vogahortz. On tho r|ght, not|co how
tho var|ous d|mons|ons ot tho 1omp|o rot|oct tho harmon|cs ot tho w|dth ot tho 1omp|o, w|th tho w|dth bo|ng dos|gnatod by l, and tho var|ous
harmon|cs ot that tundamonta| bo|ng l/2, and -l, |n a k|nd ot stono chambor vors|on ot 0owoy's organ p|pos trom chaptor two. 1h|s ana|ogy |s not
as haphazard as |t m|ght at t|rst bo soon, but |n ordor to approc|ato why th|s |s so, moro ot Voy|'s d|agrams nood to bo oxam|nod.
1ho noxt tomp|o Voy| roproducos |s a tronta| t|oor p|an and s|do v|ow ot tho 1omp|o ot Athona A|oa, ca. 8b0 3.C.:
7omp|o o Atbooo A|oo, 850 B.C.
400
loto aga|n that tho 1omp|o |s |a|d out on rodundant harmon|c ro|at|onsh|ps ot a tundamonta|, l, roprosont|ng tho w|dth ot tho 1omp|o, aga|n w|th tho
harmon|c -l bo|ng a prom|nont toaturo ot tho structuro. loto a|so Voy|'s ca|cu|at|ons ot tho rosonant wavo|ongth ot tho structuro bo|ng 40 motors,
w|th a transm|ttor troquoncy' ot 7.b Vogahortz. |o roproducos a s|m||ar d|agram tor tho |ora 1omp|o ot 3o||nunt, ca. 400 3.C.:
loro 7omp|o o 5o|looot, co. 400 B.C.
401
and tho 1omp|o ot Apo||o at Cor|nth:
Apo||o 7omp|o ot Corlotb
402
3|m||ar harmon|c ro|at|onsh|ps a|so ho|d truo tor |ator loman tomp|os, such as tho tomp|o ot vonus and loma at lomo, ca. 180 A.0.:
7omp|o o Vooos ooo Romo, co. 187 A.L.
408
And t|na||y, ot courso, thoro was tho tomp|o ot tomp|os, tho loman lanthoon |tso|t:
1he Pantheon In Rome
404
look|ng carotu||y at tho t|oor p|an ot tho lanthoon, howovor, Voy| not|cod somoth|ng that, to h|s ong|noor's oyo, |ookod oxtraord|nar||y tam|||ar, and
a broathtak|ng cont|rmat|on ot h|s thos|s that anc|ont tomp|os may havo boon do||borato|y dos|gnod as transm|ttors and roco|vors ot sca|ar rad|o'
wavos.
0oc|d|ng to soo |t thoro woro othor s|m||ar t|oor p|ans, Voy| wont |n soarch ot thom, and soon tound thom, ono |n tho t|oor p|an ot a tomp|o |n tho
pa|aco ot tho Emporor 0|oc|ot|an:
Floor Plan o| the 1emple In the Palace o| Emperor IocletIan
40b
and yot anothor oxamp|o |n tho t|oor p|an ot tho 1omp|o ot V|norva Vod|ca |n lomo, bu||t ca. 820 A.0.:
1emple o| MInerva MedIca In Rome, ca. 320 A..
400
What proc|so|y was so amaz|ng about thoso t|oor p|ans ot |ato loman tomp|os?
lt was tho|r susp|c|ous rosomb|anco to a modorn dov|co - cruc|a| |n tho oporat|on ot rad|os and radars - ca||od a magnotron:
A Modern Magnetron
407
Voy|'s commontary accompany|ng thoso d|agrams |s now worth c|t|ng, tor |t shows how strong tho caso actua||y |s that somo ot thoso anc|ont
tomp|os, a good many |n tact, may havo boon covort|y dos|gnod tor tho proc|so purposos ot |ong-rango commun|cat|on, us|ng somo vory advancod
not|ons ot phys|cs:
lot's to somo oxtont procood trom tho know|odgo ot toxtbook phys|cs curront|y prosont |n h|gh troquoncy ong|noor|ng and g|vo a wo|| tra|nod
ong|noor tho to||ow|ng task, wh|ch ho shou|d so|vo systomat|ca||y and ||ko an ong|noor. lo sboo|o bol|o o troosmlttor wltb moxlmom roogo ot
mlolmom troosmlttlog powor, thus a c|ass|c ot opt|m|zat|on. Lolog so, tbo motorlo| oxpoooltoro oooso`t p|oy o ro|o!
Attor maturo do||borat|on tho ong|noor w||| h|t upon |t that on|y ono so|ut|on ox|sts. |o doc|dos on a to|ography transm|ttor at tho |ong wavo ond ot
tho short wavo band, at t=8 V|z, wh|ch corrosponds to a wavo|ongth ot \=100m. 1horo |oss than 1 Watt transm|tt|ng powor |s onough tor rad|o
commun|cat|on onco around tho oarth..
And ho opt|m|zos turthor. loxt tho ong|noor romombors that at h|gh troquonc|os, o.g. tor m|crowavo rad|ators, not cab|os but wavogu|dos aro
usod, s|nco thoso mako poss|b|o a cons|dorab|o bottor dogroo ot ottoct|vonoss. ln tho caso ot tho wavogu|do tho stray t|o|ds aro roducod by
a||gnmont and concontrat|on ot tho t|o|ds |n tho |ns|do ot tho conductor. ln tho caso ot antonnas howovor tho t|o|ds scattor to tho outs|do and causo
cons|dorab|o stray |ossos. |o draws tho conc|us|on that h|s transm|ttor shou|d bo bu||t as a tunod cav|ty and not as an antonna!
As a rosu|t tho ong|noor puts a bu||d|ng w|thout w|ndows |n tho countrys|do w|th tho onormous d|mons|ons ot b0 m |ongth (=\/2) and 2b m (=\/4)
rospoct|vo|y 12.b mm (=\/8) w|dth. 1ho ho|ght mho ca|cu|atos accord|ng to tho Go|don lroport|on to |ncroaso tho sca|ar wavo part. 7boso
opproxlmoto|y oro tbo olmoosloos o tbo Co||o wltboot wlooows o Orook tomp|os.
|or tho oporat|on ot such a transm|ttor |n ant|qu|ty apparont|y tho no|so powor ot tho cosm|c rad|at|on was sutt|c|ont, wh|ch arr|vod at tho oarth
start|ng trom tho sun and tho p|anots. 3y |ncroas|ng tho t|oor spaco a|so tho co||octod t|o|d onorgy and tho transm|tt|ng powor cou|d bo |ncroasod,
so that a|so trom tho porspoct|vo ot tho powor supp|y tho tomp|o w|th tho |argost poss|b|o wavo|ongth at tho samo t|mo prom|sod tho |argost
transm|tt|ng powor, so at |oast |n ant|qu| ty.
Our ong|noor turthor dotorm|nos that ho w||| sw|tch tho carr|or troquoncy on and ott at a prodotorm|nod c|ock pu|so. 1hus ho doc|dos tor
rad|oto|ography. 1ho advantago ot th|s tochn|quo |s a max|mum ot tho |ncroaso ot tho rocopt|on rango. |or that tho s|gna|s at tho transm|ttor havo to
bo codod and at tho roco|vor aga|n doc|phorod. 3y moans ot tho oncrypt|on ot tho contonts thoso aro accoss|b|o on|y to tho |ns|dors,' who know
tho codo, proroqolslto or tbo omorglog o bormotlclsm ooo ovootoo||y o qoostloo o powor!
408
1h|s |oads Voy| to h|s noxt b|t ot ov|donco, or rathor to tho noxt stago ot h|s docod|ng ot tho anc|ont data po|nt|ng to tho ox|stonco ot a gonu|no
tochno|ogy at work: anc|ont toxts.
Voy|, hav|ng domonstratod tho pocu||ar transm|ttor-roco|vor proport|os ot many anc|ont tomp|os, thon usos tho ox|stonco ot th|s tochno|ogy to
doc|phor a batt||ng mystory concorn|ng anc|ont toxts:
0|roct ov|donco |s prosont as wo||. lt can bo tound |n anc|ont toxts. 3ut |t |s quost|onab|o |t h|stor|ca| toxts concorn|ng anc|ont rad|o ong|noor|ng
havo boon trans|atod corroct|y. 1ho ta|k |s about orac|os, mystory cu|t and oarth prophocy |t tho roco|vor |s moant. 1ho prodom|nant|y tochn|ca||y
unoducatod h|stor|ans attost (that) tho lomans (possossod) a dotoct|vo sonso ot t|mo, bocauso tho|r cour|ors suro|y cou|d not covor tho |ong ways
across tho loman omp|ro so tast at a||, |t tho road |n tho lat|n toxts: 1hoy sont by cour|or to tho omporor |n lomo, and got tor answor.'. 1ho
answor ot tho omporor namo|y a|roady arr|vod at tho squad at tho |atost |n tho to||ow|ng n|ght. 1ho corroct trans|at|on shou|d road: thoy cab|od' or
thoy broadcastod to tho omporor |n lomo and got tor answor.'
3uch a b|g omp|ro as tho loman Emp|ro actua||y on|y cou|d bo ro|gnod by moans ot an ott|c|ont commun|cat|on. C|coro co|nod tho word: Wo
havo conquorod tho poop|os ot tho oarth ow|ng to our broadcast|ng tochno|ogy.'! 1ho torm broadcast|ng tochno|ogy trom |gnoranco |s trans|atod
w|th p|oty. lt ong|noors howovor rowork tho |ncorroct trans|at|ons, thon ono w||| d|scovor that numorous toxts to|| ot tho broadcast|ng tochno|ogy, that
thus corrospond|ng|y much d|roct ov|donco ox|sts concorn|ng tho pract|ca| uso ot th|s tochno|ogy.
|or tho loman m|||tary transm|ttors, wh|ch tormod tho backbono ot tho adm|n|strat|on ot tho omp|ro, tho road|ng ott ot tho |ntormat|on trom
obsorvat|ons ot naturo ||ko tho b|rd t||ght or trom to|t s|gna|s ot a goomantor was too unro||ab|o. 1hoy road ott tho |ntormat|on trom tho rhythm ot tho
convu|s|ons ot tho |ntost|nos ot trosh|y s|aughtorod an|ma|s. ln tho caso ot tho doad an|ma|s on tho a|tar ovory oxtr|ns|c |nt|uonco was oxc|udod. 3ut
tho onormous nood ot s|aughtor catt|o was a d| sadvantago. Who wantod to havo |ntormat|on t|rst ot a|| had to br|ng a|ong an an|ma|, wh|ch thon was
sacr|t|cod' to tho god, or bottor say, wh|ch was abusod as a roco|vor ot a part|cu|ar transm|ttor. 1horoby tho |nnards sorvod as a b|osonsor and as
a roco|vor tor tho nows.
400
ln othor words, an oxtraord|nar||y sons|t|vo mombrano had to bo tound to bo ab|o to sonso and rocord tho vory subt|o pu|sos ot such transm|ss|ons
and to|ography, tor thoy woro by tho naturo ot tho caso, vory woak.
Whatovor ono makos ot thoso spocu|at|ons ot Voy|, ho |s, howovor, corroct |n h|s bas|c prom|so that tho dos|gn ot anc|ont tomp|os |s too
co|nc|donta||y pocu||ar to tho ong|noor|ng roqu|romonts ot transm|tt|ng woak rad|o s|gna|s. lor shou|d tho motorlo| usod to construct such tomp|os
bo ovor|ookod, tor many ot thom woro constructod trom ||mostono, gran|to, and othor crysta|-boar|ng rock, and tho ab|||ty ot crysta|s |n roco|v|ng
rad|o s|gna|s |s common know|odgo.
3ut why doos ho |nvoko tho sca|ar componont |n h|s argumont that such tomp|os woro, |n tact, tunod rosonant cav|t|os? 1ho koy ||os w|th what
sooms to bo tho most absurd componont ot h|s roconstruct|on, namo|y, tho uso ot tho mombranos ot an an|ma|'s |ntost|nos to rocord tho pu|sos, tor
tho pu|sos bo|ng roco|vod aro oot ord|nary |ortz|an jump ropo' wavos, but tho yardst|ck' wavos ot |oogltooloo| or sco|or wovos.
1ho argumontat|on has to bo mado on mathomat|ca|-phys|ca| toundat|on. 1ho proroqu|s|to tor that aro tho 20 chaptors ot botoro.
470
1ho to||ow|ng
po|nts cou|d bo domonstratod and dor|vod:
1. 1ho wavo oquat|on (|nhomogonoous lap|aco oquat|on) doscr|bos tho sum ot two wavo parts, whoro
2. ovory antonna om|ts both parts.
8. 1ho transvorso part, known as o|octromagnot|c wavo (|ortz|an wavo)
4. and tho |ong|tud|na| part (1os|a rad|at|on) tormod sca|ar wavo by tho d|scovoror, bottor known as antonna no|so.
b. 1ho wavo oquat|on mathomat|ca||y doscr|bos tho connoct|on ot both wavo parts |n gonora| and tho convors|on ot ono part |nto tho othor |n
part|cu|ar, thus
0. tho ro|||ng up and unro|||ng ot wavos |n t|o|d vort|cos (moasurab|o as no|so).
7. 1ho trans|t|on takos p|aco proport|ona||y to tho Go|don lroport|on, as rosu|tod trom tho dor|vat|on (chaptor 20.7-20.0).
ltb tbo |ost polot tbo o|octrotocbolco| prob|om bocomos o goomotrlco| prob|om, l lt coocoros tbo oso o sco|or wovos. 1ho goomotry ot tho
antonna |s cruc|a|. 7boroby tbo Oo|ooo Proportloo provloos tbo oocossory olroctloo or coostroctloo.
7bot jostllos tbo ossomptloo tbot tbo bol|ologs lo ootlqolty, wblcb woro bol|t occorolog to tbo Oo|ooo Proportloo, woro tocbolco| ocl|ltlos or
sco|or wovos. Vaybo tho bu||dors had spoc|t|cat|ons that had phys|ca| roasons and cou|d mathomat|ca||y bo provon.
At th|s p|aco horo rosu|t comp|oto|y now aspocts tor judg|ng and |ntorprot|ng bu||d|ngs ospoc|a||y trom ant|qu|ty through tho dor|vat|on ot tho
Go|don lroport|on trom tho tundamonta| t|o|d oquat|on. lt wo havo undorstood tho|r way ot tunct|on|ng, thon wo w||| bo ab|o to |oarn much trom that
tor our own tuturo and tor tho tuturo construct|on ot sca|ar wavo dov|cos.
As a turthor proroqu|s|to tor tho anc|ont broadcast|ng tochno|ogy onough t|o|d onorgy shou|d bo at d|sposa|. Wo procood trom tho assumpt|on
that
1. tho oarth magnot|sm and tho cosm|c noutr|no rad|at|on aro t|ght|y band|ng togothor by tho procossos |n tho oarth's coro,
2. tho oarth magnot|sm |n ant|qu|ty vor|t|ab|y was (approx|mato|y a) thousandto|d strongor than today (provon by gaug|ng ot p|ocos ot brokon pot),
8. as a consoquonco tho noutr|no rad|at|on |n ant|qu|ty as wo|| must havo boon (a) thousandto|d strong and
4. tho cosm|c noutr|no rad|at|on has sorvod tho transm|tt|ng p|ants ot ant|qu|ty as an onorgy carr|or.
Any thought |s absurd to rojoct tho tochn|ca| tunct|on ot a tomp|o on|y bocauso |t today can't bo roproducod anymoro. 1ho art|st|c and aosthot|ca|
v|owpo|nts, wh|ch aro put |nto tho toroground by art h|stor|ans bocauso ot |gnoranco about tho truo tunct|on, rathor aro socondary.
471
And w|th thoso rathor broathtak|ng statomonts, Voy|'s caso tor tho anc|ont tomp|o as bo|ng a broadcast tochno|ogy basod on |ong|tud|na| pu|sos or
sca|ar wavos |s conc|udod.
|owovor, |n v|ow ot my own spocu|at|vo ana|ys|s ot tho Earth gr|d |tso|t as bo|ng tho roso|t ot |ts natura| proport|os ot bo|ng a rosonator ot such
stand|ng |ong|tud|na| wavos, ono |s |nov|tab|y |od to tho conc|us|on that botb tho uso ot sacrod goomotry' |n tho construct|on ot such tomp|os, ooo
tho p|acomont ot somo ot thoso tomp|os ovor proc|so noda| po|nts on that gr|dwork was tor tho oxp||c|t and proc|so purposo ot mak|ng thoso
structuros as ott|c|ont rosonat|ng cav|t|os as poss|b|o. Whon ono adds to th|s tho tact that tho rosu|t|ng tomp|ato or |ntortoronco pattorn ot such
|ong|tud|na| wavos, producod by a|| such rosonators, such as tho p|anots, vary w|th t|mo accord|ng to tho|r pos|t|ons ro|at|vo to oach othor, and to
tho cosm|c backdrop ot tho ga|axy, ono aga|n t|nds a phys|cs roason why so many ot thoso vory samo tomp|os woro or|ontod to astronom|ca|
po|nts or ovonts.
1o put |t succ|nct|y, |t |s bog|nn|ng to |ook an awtu||y |ot ||ko that vory ||gh and vory Anc|ont C|v|||zat|on, hav|ng b|own |tso|t apart by moans ot
thoso vory samo tochno|og|os, movod qu|ck|y and ottoct|vo|y to prosorvo as much ot that tochno|ogy as |t cou|d |n tho ostab||shmont and
propagat|on ot tho anc|ont tomp|os and mystory schoo|s, and movod oqua||y qu|ck|y to onsuro that |ts |ogacy c|v|||zat|ons know and undorstood tho
nocoss|ty - |t thoro was to bo any k|nd ot c|v|||zat|on at a|| - tor thoro to bo a mod|um ot oxchango basod upon tho croat|vo and product|vo output
ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t, and ot |ts dor|vod and d|ttoront|atod croaturos: man. l|tt|o wondor, too, that thoso who sought to roconstruct that
tochno|ogy |n ordor to ga|n mastory and hogomony ovor tho|r to||ow man qu|ck|y a|||od thomso|vos w|th thoso tomp|os and mystory schoo|s, and
bog|n to porvort that phys|cs |n a t|nanc|a| and ta|so a|chomy that croatod tho oxact oppos|to: nogat|vo |ntormat|on' |n tho torm ot monoy-as-dobt
|ntorost, tor by moans ot that c|osod systom ot t|nanco, thoy purposod to roconstruct that opon systom ot phys|cs tor thomso|vos, to onsuro tho|r
powor and hogomony.
|or w|th ||v|ng organ|sms - as 0r. Voy| h|mso|t a||udod to - and moro |mportant|y, mank|nd, ono arr|vos at tho t|na| componont and rosonant
cav|ty ot th|s torm ot onorgy: human 0lA, and |ts own romarkab|o ombod|mont ot tho vory samo 3acrod Goomotr|os.'
Eight
1ENPLA1E5, CENONE5, AND BANK51ER5 OR, WEY DO 1EEY ALL 5EEN 1O NARRY
COu5|N5 AND END uP W|1E COLO55ALLY 51uP|D K|D5?
lobrooolog lo Eoropooo royo| oml|los bos ooc|looo s|lgbt|y lo ro|otloo to tbo post. 7bls ls |lko|y ooo to c|oor sclootllc
ovloooco o goootlc oogooorotloo.'
- lobrooolog,' lklpoolo
472

3oth |n anc|ont and |n modorn t|mos wo havo d|scornod tho pors|stont out||no ot an assoc|at|on ot an |ntornat|ona| c|ass ot bankstors w|th thoso
ongagod |n advancod sc|ont|t|c rosoarch, and wo havo a|so soon that th|s c|ass has ondoavorod to monopo||zo not on|y tho ta|so a|chom|ca| powor
ot tho |ssuanco ot dobt as a tacs|m||o ot monoy, but a|so to monopo||zo tho gonu|no a|chom|ca| powor ot tho phys|cs ot tho transmutat|vo phys|ca|
mod|um |tso|t. 3ut what about tho por|od botwooo thoso two w|do|y soparatod h|stor|ca| po|os? 0|d that c|ass cont|nuo to ox|st? And |t so, what
woro thoy do|ng? ls thoro ov|donco to suggost that |t cont|nuod as a c|ass |n moro or |oss un|ntorruptod cont|nu|ty trom anc|ont t|mos? And |s thoro
ov|donco to suggost that |t cont|nuod |ts c|oso assoc|at|on and mon|tor|ng ot sc|ont|t|c ach|ovomont?
Voroovor, |t was soon that somo a||ogo that tho lothsch||d tam||y socrot|y tracos tho|r tam||y or|g|ns back to tho 3umor|an conquoror l|mrod. ls
thoro any truth to, or tor that mattor, any broad corroborat|on ot, thoso a||ogat|ons?
A. ANC|EN1 RONE
1o answor thoso quost|ons, a c|osor |ook at anc|ont lomo |s |n ordor.
lrotossor 1onnoy |rank was a protossor at 1ohns |opk|ns Un|vors|ty at tho turn ot tho |ast contury, and was tho author ot a wo||-known troat|so,
Ao Ecooomlc llstory o Romo. 1h|s work bocamo such a standard |n tho t|o|d that |t bocamo tho bas|s tor ontr|os |n tho Combrlogo Aocloot
llstory and tho Oxoro llstory o Romo.
ln tho courso ot h|s rosoarchos, lrotossor |rank d|scovorod an |ntorost|ng th|ng about tho popu|at|on ot anc|ont lomo dur|ng tho por|od botwoon
tho lopub||c and tho t|na| omorgonco ot tho omp|ro, and that |s that tho popu|at|on was not loman or lat|n at a||, but - |n a word and w|thout much
oxaggorat|on - 3aby|on|an. ln an art|c|o wr|tton tor tho Amorlcoo llstorlco| Rovlow, |rank bog|ns by not|ng how tho prob|om ot tho anc|ont loman
raco camo to h|s attont|on. v|s|t|ng tho anc|ont tombs ot lomo, |rank obsorvos that tho h|stor|an w||| not|co a cur|ous and ovon pocu||ar th|ng:
.ho t|nds pronomon and nomon prom|s|ng onough, but tho cognom|na o|| soom awry. l. lucrot|us Pompbl|os, A. Aom|||us A|oxo, V. C|od|us
Pbl|ostoosgos do not smack ot troshman lat|n. And ho w||| not road||y t|nd |n tho loman wr|tors now oxtant an answor to tho quost|ons that thoso
|nscr|pt|ons |nvar|ab|y ra|so. Do thoao namoa imIy that tho Roman atock waa comIotoIy changod attor Cicoro'a day, and waa tho
aatiriat ( JuvonaI) rocording a tact whon ho waiIod that tho 1ibor had caturod tho watora ot tho 5yrian Orantoa? lt so, aro thoso
toro|gnors ord|nary |mm|grants, or d|d lomo bocomo a nat|on ot ox-s|avos and tho|r ottspr|ng?
478
|rank's tontat|vo answors aro ovon moro unsott||ng than tho or|g|na| quost|ons ho asks. 3tudy|ng a|most 14,000 namos, lrotossor |rank
d|scovorod that botwoon 800 3.C. and 800 A.0., tho popu|at|on ot lta||an lomo undorwont a drast|c chango |n othn|c|ty, such that by tho ond ot tho
por|od, tho vast major|ty ot tho lta||an loman popu|at|on had Grook surnamos, and not lat|n at a||:
|or roasons wh|ch w||| prosont|y appoar l havo accoptod tho Grook cognomon as a truo |nd|cat|on ot rocont toro|gn oxtract|on, and s|nco tho
c|t|zons ot nat|vo stock d|d not as a ru|o un|to |n marr|ago w|th (troomon), a Grook cognomon |n a ch||d or ono paront |s sutt|c|ont ot status (|.o., was
toro|gn).
474
lrotossor |rank qu|ck|y d|spatchos tho |doa that th|s was s|mp|y duo to a popu|ar|ty' crazo ot corta|n namos:
On tho othor hand, tho quost|on has boon ra|sod whothor a man w|th a Grook cognomon must |nvar|ab|y bo ot toro|gn stock. Cou|d |t not bo that
Grook namos bocamo so popu|ar that, ||ko 3|b||ca| and c|ass|ca| namos today, thoy woro accoptod by tho lomans ot nat|vo stock? ln tho |ast days
ot tho omp|ro th|s may havo boon tho caso, but tho |nscr|pt|ons provo that tho Grook cognomon was not |n good roputo. l havo tostod th|s mattor by
c|ass|ty|ng a|| tho |nstancos |n tho 18,000 |nscr|pt|ons whoro tho namos ot both tathor and son appoar. |orm th|s |t appoars that tathors w|th Grook
namos aro vory prono to g|vo lat|n namos to tho|r ch||dron, whoroas tbo rovorso ls oot troo.
47b
1hus, tho conc|us|on tor lrotossor |rank was rathor obv|ous:
C|oar|y tho Grook namo was cons|dorod as a s|gn ot dub|ous or|g|n among tho loman p|obo|ans, and tho troodman tam||y that roso to any soc|a|
amb|t|ons mado short shr|tt ot |t. |or thoso roasons, thorotoro, l cons|dor that tho prosonco ot a Grook namo |n tho |mmod|ato|y tam||y |s good
ov|donco that tho subjoct ot tho |nscr|pt|on |s ot sorv||o or toro|gn stock. 1ho concIuaion ot our roa and cona muat bo that noarIy nInety per
cent ot tho Roman-born toIk roroaontod in tho abovomontionod aouIchraI inacritiona aro ot toroign oxtraction.
470
3ut th|s posod a rathor |argo prob|om, and to soo what |t |s and how lrotossor |rank doa|t w|th |t, wo nood to roca|| a b|t ot obv|ous h|story.
1ho prob|om |s tho moro prosonco ot a Grook surnamo on tomb |nscr|pt|ons doos not nocossar||y moan tho occupant |s Orook. 1ho s|mp|o
roason tor th|s |s that attor A|oxandor tho Groat's conquost ot Vosopotam|a, lors|a, and Egypt, tho Grook |anguago sproad tar and w|do, and
bocamo somoth|ng ot an |ntornat|ona|' |anguago, much as Eng||sh or |ronch |s today. 1hus, a Grook surnamo on a tomb doos not nocossar||y
|mp|y that a|| thoso loman tombs had Grook occupants. 3ut th|s ra|sos a tar |argor and moro s|gn|t|cant quost|on. lt thoy woro not nocossar||y
Grook, thon what woro thoy? What was tho prodom|nant othn|c stock thoy roprosontod? |rank m|ncos no words:
Who aro thoso lomans ot tho now typo and whonco do thoy como? |ow many aro |mm|grants, and how many aro ot sorv||o oxtract|on? O wbot
roco oro tboy
477
|rank's mothod ot doa||ng w|th th|s quost|on |s to tako lomo's c|ass|ca| authors and sat|r|sts at tho|r word, and trom th|s, an |mportant and vory
s|gn|t|cant tact omorgos.
lot|ng that most ot tho soc|o|og|ca| and po||t|ca| data ot tho omp|ro aro prov|dod by sat|r|sts,' |rank thon roasons h|mso|t to a rathor aston|sh|ng
conc|us|on:
Whon 1ac|tus |ntorms us that |n loro's day a groat many ot lomo's sonators and kn|ghts woro doscondants ot s|avos and that tho nat|vo stock had
dw|nd|od to surpr|s|ng|y sma|| proport|ons, wo aro not suro whothor wo aro not to tako |t as an oxaggoratod thrust by an |nd|gnant loman ot tho o|d
stock.. 1o d|scovor somo now ||ght upon thoso tundamonta| quost|ons ot loman h|story, l havo tr|od to gathor such tragmontary data as tho
corpus ot |nscr|pt|ons m|ght attord. 1ho ov|donco |s novor doc|s|vo |n |ts purport, and |t |s a|ways, by tho vory naturo ot tho mator|a|, part|a| |n |ts
scopo, but at any rato |t may ho|p us to |ntorprot our ||torary sourcos to somo oxtont. lt bos ot |oost coovlocoo mo tbot 1ovooo| ooo 7ocltos woro oot
oxoggorotlog. lt |s probab|y that whon thoso mon wroto a vory sma|| porcontago ot tho troo p|obo|ans on tho stroots ot lomo cou|d provo |nm|xod
lta||an doscont. By or tbo |orgor port, porbops olooty porcoot, boo Orlooto| b|ooo lo tbolr volos.
478
Ono has on|y to road a b|t botwoon tho ||nos to soo what lrotossor |rank |s |mp|y|ng, tor 1uvona|, |ot |t bo roca||od, had comp|a|nod ot tho 3yr|an
Orantos' r|vor t|ow|ng |nto tho 1|bor,' a motaphor tor poop|o ot Cha|doan - |.o., Boby|ooloo - oxtract|on hav|ng t|owod' |nto tho b|ood||nos ot tho
anc|ont loman stock: 1hoso drogs ca|| thomso|vos Grooks,' ho comp|a|ns, but how sma|| a port|on |s trom Grooco, tho l|vor Orantos has |ong
t|owod |nto tho 1|bor.'
470
1ho bas|c h|stor|ca| out||nos aro now c|oar, tor as loman conquosts sproad |nto tho oastorn Vod|torranoan and ovontua||y conquorod tho o|d
3o|ouc|d Emp|ro - |.o., tho port|on ot A|oxandor's omp|ro basod |n Vosopotam|a w|th |ts cap|ta| at 3aby|on - many ot thoso poop|os mado tho|r
way back to tho lta||an pon|nsu|a as s|avos, and, to||ow|ng tho ro|at|vo|y |on|ont loman custom ot manum|ss|on ot s|avos upon tho doath ot tho|r
ownor, thoso |ator bocamo troomon and tho backbono ot tho loman oconomy |n tho vory |ap ot tho Emp|ro |tso|t.
1. 1he Change In Roman RacIal 8tock and lmperIal PolIcy
1h|s br|ngs us to tho oconom|cs and t|nanco part ot tho story, tho part that |s tor our purposos, tho most s|gn|t|cant part:
1horo aro othor quost|ons that ontor |nto tho prob|om ot chango ot raco at lomo, tor tho so|ut|on ot wh|ch |t |s ovon moro d|tt|cu|t to obta|n stat|st|cs.
|or |nstanco, ono asks, w|thout hopo ot a sutt|c|ont answor, why tho nat|vo stock d|d not bottor ho|d |ts own. Yot thoro aro at hand not a tow roasons.
Wo know tor |nstanco that whon lta|y had boon dovastatod by |ann|ba| and a |argo part ot |ts popu|at|on put to tho sword, |mmonso bod|os ot
s|avos woro brought up |n tho East to t||| tho vo|d, and that dur|ng tho socond contury 3.C., whon tho p|antat|on systom w|th |ts s|avo sorv|co was
com|ng |nto voguo, tho nat|vos woro pushod out ot tho sma|| tarms and many d|sappoarod to tho prov|nco ot tho ovor-oxpand|ng omp|ro. 1hus,
dur|ng tho th|rty yoars botoro 1|bor|us Gracchus, tho consus stat|st|cs show no |ncroaso. 0ur|ng tho t|rst contury 3.C., tho |mportat|on ot capt|vos
and s|avos cont|nuod, wh||o tho troo-born c|t|zons woro bo|ng wastod |n tho soc|a|, 3u||an, and c|v|| wars. Augustus att|rms that ho had had a ha|t a
m||||on c|t|zons undor arms, ono-o|ghth ot lomo's c|t|zons, and at that tho most v|gorous part. 0ur|ng tho oar|y omp|ro, twonty to th|rty |og|ons, drawn
ot courso trom tho bost troo stock, spont tho|r twonty yoars ot v|gor |n garr|son duty wh||o tho s|avos, oxompt trom such sorv|cos, ||vod at homo and
|ncroasod |n numbors. ln othor words, tho nat|vo stock was supportod by |oss than a norma| b|rthrato, whoroas tho stock ot toro|gn oxtract|on had
not on|y a ta|r|y norma| b|rthrato, but a ||bora| quota ot manum|ss|ons to |ts advantago.
480
1ho rosu|t ot th|s comb|nat|on ot bad po||cy, wars, and hoavy ro||anco on s|avos, was that tho or|g|na| loman raco - at |oast on tho lta||an pon|nsu|a
- wont undor.'
481
|owovor, thoro woro two s|gn|t|cant th|ngs that th|s |mportat|on ot Vosopotam|an s|avos accomp||shod. ||rst, thoso s|avos brought w|th thom, ot
courso, tho|r cu|turo and ro||g|on. 3ocond|y, thoy brought w|th thom tho|r 3aby|on|an' bus|noss and bank|ng pract|cos. 1hus, ovon whon th|s
popu|at|on woro s|avos, tho groat major|ty ot tho norma| pract|ca| day-to-day commorco ot lomo - tarm|ng, construct|on, |nstruct|on, and so on -
was conductod by s|avos. And whon trood, not on|y d|d tho|r ro||g|on and cu|turo ponotrato loman soc|oty to a s|gn|t|cant dogroo, but th|s group
gradua||y ponotratod tho h|ghost roachos ot tho loman |mpor|a| govornmont |tso|t.
482
1ho rosu|t, |n short, was that tho Vosopotam|an and 3yr|an
morchants ottoct|vo|y co|on|zod lomo's prov|ncos bordor|ng tho Vod|torranoan 3oa, loman bank|ng was a|| but monopo||zod |n tho|r hands as tho
|nt|uonco ot Vosopotam|an mystory cu|ts oxtondod throughout tho Emp|ro, and tho act|v|t|os ot tho tomp|o cont|nuod to bo assoc|atod w|th
commorco. ln a corta|n ||m|tod sonso, thon, tho loman Emp|ro may bo v|owod as but tho |atost |mpor|a| tront tor that anc|ont c|ass ot bu|||on
brokors,' and th|s chango ot tho othn|c stock |n tho hoart ot tho Emp|ro, tho lta||an pon|nsu|a |tso|t, t|na||y, oxp|a|ns why tho bu|||on oxchango po||c|os
ot lomo v|s-a-v|s tho |ar East appoar to bo tho product ot do||borato man|pu|at|on.
2. 1he Next 8tage: venIce and BankIng
A qu|ck g|anco at tho subsoquont h|story ot th| s c|ass w||| show tho connoct|ons to modorn t|mo, tor tho noxt stago |n th|s connoct|vo h|story was
prov|dod by Att||a tho |un who, ravag|ng tho lta||an pon|nsu|a and ovon lomo |tso|t, torcod many ot thoso morcant||o tam|||os to t|oo northward to
tho protoct|vo |agoons and marshos ot what wou|d |ator bocomo tho V|dd|o Agos' contor ot commorco and bank|ng |n wostorn Europo: von|co. ln
tho vory oar|y n|nth contury, von|co was torma||y rocogn|zod as a part ot tho Eastorn loman Emp|ro, and thus bogan |ts r|so as a t|nanc|a| powor,
tor |t was grantod spoc|a| trad|ng and tax oxompt|ons throughout tho Emp|ro.
3ut tho pattorn, a morcant||o and bank|ng c|ass oporat|ng boh|nd spoc|a| |mpor|a| pr|v||ogos, roma|nod tho samo. As notod |n chaptor tour,
howovor, tho |ourth Crusado ovontua||y capturod Constant|nop|o, and w|th that, tho Emp|ro's monopo|y on tho r|ght to co|n go|d was brokon, and
wostorn Europoan monarchs bogan to co|n such monoy. 3ut |t was von|co that had tundod tho morconary army ot |ronch kn|ghts that capturod
Constant|nop|o, and |t was tho vonot|an 0ogo, Enr|co 0ando|o, that |mposod a puppot lat|n govornmont on tho anc|ont Eastorn Emp|ro. 3y th|s
po|nt, tho groat vonot|an o||garch|ca| tam|||os and tho|r tam||y oool or tortunos (||tora||y, tunds'), woro |n p|aco: tho Cornaro, tho 0ando|o, tho
Contar|n|, Voros|n|, 3orz| and 1ron tortunos.
3. On to Amsterdam, London, the Re|ormatIon, and the Wars o| RelIgIon
losoarchor Wobstor 1arp|oy, |n throo short paragraphs, out||nos tho connoct|on ot vonot|an bank|ng and po||t|cs |n subsoquont Europoan h|story
dur|ng tho lotormat|on and Countor-lotormat|on, and tho por|od up to tho Eng||sh G|or|ous lovo|ut|on':
Why aro tho 3r|t|sh ||bora| |mpor|a||sts ca||od tho vonot|an larty? Wo||, tor ono th|ng, thoy ca|| thomso|vos tho vonot|an larty. 1ho tuturo pr|mo
m|n|stor 3onjam|n 0|srao|| w||| wr|to |n h|s novo| Cooologsby that tho Wh|g ar|stocrats ot 1088 wantod to ostab||sh |n Eng|and a h|gh ar|stocrat|c
ropub||c on tho modo| ot von|co, mak|ng tho k|ngs |nto dogos, and w|th a 'vonot|an const|tut|on.''
0ur|ng tho War ot tho loaguo ot Cambr|a ot 1b00-17, an a|||anco ot v|rtua||y ovory powor |n Europo throatonod to w|po out tho vonot|an
o||garchy. 1ho vonot|ans know that |ranco or 3pa|n cou|d crush thom ||ko so many t||os. 1ho vonot|ans rospondod by |aunch|ng tho lrotostant
lotormat|on w|th throo proto-stoogos - luthor, Ca|v|n, and |onry vlll. At tho samo t|mo, (Card|na|) Contar|n| and h|s 1osu|ts mado Ar|stot|o a
contra| componont ot tho Catho||c Countor-lotormat|on and tho Counc|| ot 1ront, and put 0anto and l|cco|om|n| on tho lndox ot lroh| b|tod 3ooks.
1ho rosu|t was a contury and a ha|t ot wars ot ro||g|on, and a ||tt|o dark ago,' cu|m|nat|ng |n tho Groat Cr|s|s ot tho sovontoonth contury.
vo|nco was a cancor consc|ous|y p|ann|ng |ts own motastas|s. |rom tho|r |agoon, tho vonot|ans choso a swamp and an |s|and tac|ng tho lorth
At|ant|c: |o||and and tho 3r|t|sh ls|os. |oro tho hogomon|c G|ovann| party wou|d ro|ocato tho|r tam||y tortunos, tho|r oool, and tho|r charactor|st|c
op|stomo|ogy. |ranco was a|so co|on|zod, but tho ma|n bots woro p|acod turthor north. ||rst, (Card|na|) Contar|n|'s ro|at|vo and no|ghbor |rancosco
Zorz| was sont to sorvo as a sox adv|sor to |onry vlll, whoso rag|ng ||b|do wou|d bo tho koy to vonot|an hopos. Zorz| brought los|cruc|an
myst|c|sm and |roomasonry to a |and that vonot|an bankors had boon |oot|ng tor contur|os..
488
load|ng botwoon tho ||nos, ono notos aga|n tho tam|||ar and shadowy pattorn ot tho anc|ont bu|||on brokors' a|||anco w|th tho tomp|o, |n th|s caso,
tho tomp|o ot lona|ssanco Catho||c|sm and nascont lrotostant|sm, tor ono and tho samo t|nanc|a| powor |s boh|nd both, and man|pu|at|ng a
cont||ct tor |ts own prot|t. Voro |mportant|y, ono notos anothor s|n|stor and tam|||ar pattorn, that ot 0av|d lockoto||or's ropub||c' ot a g|oba| o||to ot
|nto||octua|s and bankors at tho apox ot a pyram|d ot powor.
B. 1EE NY1E OF 1EE RO1E5CE|LD DE5CEN1 FRON N|NROD: A 5ECOND LOOK
A|| th|s prov|dos an |ntorost|ng contoxt |n wh|ch to v|ow tho a||ogat|ons that tho lothsch||d dynasty socrot|y tracos |ts tam||y or|g|ns back to
l|mrod, tho conquoror ot tho O|d 1ostamont c|oso|y assoc|atod w|th tho 1owor ot 3abo| |nc|dont.
484
1ho carotu| roador w||| havo obsorvod
throughout th|s and procod|ng chaptors that thoro aro at |oast tbroo oloroot typos o blstorlco| cootloolty oporotlog.
1. 1ho a||ogod cont|nu|ty ot a b|ood||no or tam||y, as |s a||ogod tor tho lothsch||ds and tho|r socrot tam||y doscont trom l|mrod, and honco, trom tho
3aby|on|an bu|||on brokors',
2. 1ho cont|nu|ty ot motboos. a|||anco w|th and oporat|on through tho tomp|o, cu|t|vat|on ot sc|onco and suppross|on ot corta|n sc|ont|t|c and
tochno|og|ca| advancomont, tho promot|on ot tho tacs|m||o ot monoy as c|rcu|at|ng pr|vato|y-croatod dobt, and tho po||cy ot such tam|||os to
|ntormarry w|th|n tho|r own c|ass and, |n somo casos, tho|r own b|ood||nos, and,
8. 1ho cont|nu|ty ot c|oss, co|toro, oml|y ortooos, and ovon - |n tho obv|ous doscont ot vonot|an bank|ng trom tho Or|onta| stock ot s|avos |mportod
to lomo - ot otbolc stock.
v|ow|ng th|s ||st, |t |s ov|dont that so tar as tho lothsch||d l|mrod a||ogat|on |s concornod, thoro |s a broad corroborat|on ot tho pattorn as |s ov|dont
trom po|nts 2 and 8. 3ut |s thoro anyth|ng moro spoc|t|c that wou|d tond to corroborato po|nt 1, or at |oast, suggost that |t m|ght bo truo?
lndood thoro |s.
1ho tamous rog| stor ot nob|||ty |n 3r|ta|n, Borkos` Poorogo, rocords numorous |nstancos ot mombors ot tho Europoan lothsch||d c|an marry|ng
oach othor. |or oxamp|o, |t rocords that Evo||na do lothsch||d, daughtor ot l|ono| lathan 3aron do lothsch||d and Char|otto do lothsch||d,
marr|od |ord|nand 1amos Anso|m lothsch||d, who was tho son ot Anso|m 3a|omon lothsch||d and Char|otto lothsch||d.
48b
3a|omon A|bort
Anso|m lothsch||d was son ot Anso|m 3a|omon and Char|otto lothsch||d, and marr|od 3ott|na Caro||no do lothsch||d, daughtor ot Vayor
A|phonso do lothsch||d and loonora do lothsch||d.
480
3ut |ntorost|ng|y onough, |n tho m|dst ot th|s consangu|noous |ntorbrood|ng warron, A|phonso Vayor lothsch||d and C|ar|co 3obag-Vontot|oro
had a son, born |n 1022, to whom thoy gavo tho pocu||ar|y 1ow|sh-Chr|st|an-3aby|on|an' namo ot A|bort Anso|m 3a|omon l|mrod lothsch||d.
487
1ho ch||d d|od on|y 10 yoars |ator, |n 1088.
Ot courso, ono ma|o ho|r |n a|| ot tho pro||torat|ng lothsch||d warron |s hard|y conc|us|vo, but |t |s suggost|vo that tho namo had somo s|gn|t|canco
tor tho c|an known on|y to |tso|t. 3ut thoro |s somoth|ng o|so that suggosts that tho a||ogat|on must bo takon sor|ous|y. Among tho bank|ng c|an's vast
t|nanc|a| notwork, thoro |s ono t|nanc|a| group that ra|sos tho oyobrows, and th|s |s tho lothsch||d lomrod 0|vors|t|od |o|d|ngs' group.
488
1ho
namo lomrod' |s ot courso yot anothor phonot|c|zat|on ot tho namo l|mrod,' s|nco tho b|b||ca| charactor's namo, |n anc|ont |obrow, was wr|tton
w|thout vowo|s as s|mp|y lVl0. lt can thus bo phonot|c|zod as l|mrod, l|mrud, lomrod, lomrud, and so on. 1ho uso ot tho b|b||ca| conquoror's
namo tor a mutua| tund |nvostmont group thus connotos aggross|vonoss, r|sk-tak|ng, and an |ntont|on to dom|nato and conquor (by t|nanc|a| moans,
ot courso).
3y why tho ov|dont obsoss|on ot such tam|||os - w|tnoss tho lothsch||d dynasty - w|th marry|ng d|stant ro|at|vos and mombors ot tho|r own
c|ans and c|assos? 1ho answor to that quost|on roqu|ros a c|osor |ook at human 0lA, at |ts own romarkab|o connoct|ons to sacrod goomotr|os and
tho a|chom|ca| phys|cs ot tho mod|um, and at tho tam||y troo ot l|mrod h|mso|t.
C. EuNAN DNA AND 1EE EERNE1|C CODE
1. 1he l ChIng
Anc|ont osotor|c doctr|no ho|d that mank|nd was a m|crocosm,' a ||tt|o un|vorso' who m|rrorod |n h|s vory const|tut|on - |.o. h|s s|zo, shapo,
makoup, and most |mportant|y, |n h|s un|quo comb|nat|on ot a corporoa| componont (a body) and a sp|r|tua|, or |t ono protors, hypor-d|mons|ona|,'
componont (h|s sou| and porsonhood
480
) - tho |argor un|vorso.
400
3r|t|sh rosoarchor V|chao| |ayos, tak|ng th|s doctr|no sor|ous|y, doc|dod to
oxam|no |t moro c|oso|y, and as a rosu|t, tound a broathtak|ng connoct|on botwoon tho codo ot sacrod goomotry and tho tasc|nat|on w|th corta|n
numbors, and human 0lA.
ln ordor to g|vo myso|t a k|nd ot v|sua| a|d, an |mago ot tho codo |n act|on, l had drawn up a d|agram |ncorporat|ng tho koy numbors ot tho
b|ochom|ca| compononts |nvo|vod |n tho procoss. 1hoso woro 4, 8, 04, and 22. 1hat |s, thoro aro tour k|nds ot chom|ca| basos. lt takos throo
ot thom to mako what |s known as a tr|p|ot codon, an am|no ac|d tomp|ato, ot wh|ch thoro aro oxact|y s|xty-tour var|at|ons. Each ot thoso
codons corrospond to ono or anothor ot twonty-two moro comp|ox compononts, namo|y, tho twonty am|no ac|ds and tho two codod
|nstruct|ons tor start|ng and stopp|ng tho procoss ot synthos|s. ln my d|agram, tho numbor 04, tho numbor ot tr|p|ot-codon comb|nat|ons (4 x
4 x 4), was roprosontod by a squaro gr|d, o|ght d|v|s|ons across and o|ght down, ||ko a chossboard.
401
Onco ho had dono th|s, howovor, |ayos not|cod a vory odd and str|k|ng connoct|on to ono ot osotor|c|sm's o|dost systoms ot d|v|nat|on - tho
Ch|noso l Ch|ng: l roa||zod, |n tact, that tho who|o d|agram ochood tho tormat ot tho tamous Ch|noso work known as tho l Ch|ng (Y| K|ng), whoso
s|xty-tour bas|c toxts aro oach |dont|t|od w|th a s|x-||no symbo| ca||od a hoxagram.'
402
3ut how doos |ayos' tab|o and |ts numbors ot 4, 8, 04, and 22, rosomb|o tho l Ch|ng |n part|cu|ar, and tho |ormot|c Codo ot sacrod goomotry |n
gonora|? |ayos oxp|a|ns:
1ho l Ch|ng..was |ntondod tor uso as an orac|o: you poso a quost|on, toss throo co|ns, and noto tho way thoy ta||. A propondoranco ot hoads g|vos
an unbrokon ||no - yang,' pos|t|vo, ta||s a brokon ||no, y|n,' nogat|vo..
1ho rosu|ts aro wr|tton down as a so||d or dashod ||no.
lopoat tho act|on s|x t|mos and you havo ca||od up ono ot tho hoxagrams. 1ho accompany|ng toxt supp||os your answor.
408
ln othor words, ropoat|ng tho act|on s|x t|mos and wr|t|ng down oach rosu|t - a brokon or so||d ||no - ono abovo anothor w||| produco a p|cturo ot
so||d and brokon ||nos (ot wh|ch thoro aro on|y 04 poss|b|o rosu|ts). 1ho p|ctogram or hoxagram |s thon |ookod up |n a book wh|ch has a toxt
oxp|a|n|ng tho d|v|natory proport|os ot oach hoxagram.
3ut whoro do tho othor numbors - 4, 8, and 22 - t|t |nto th| s pattorn?
lot's bog|n w|th tho numbor 4, tho numbor ot tundamonta| chom|ca| basos |n tho gonot|c codo (adon|no, thym|no, guan|no, and cytos|no)
upon wh|ch tho who|o procoss ot am|no-ac|d synthos|s doponds. 1ho l Ch|ng, l d|scovorod, ombod|os oxact|y tho samo pr|nc|p|o. 1ho s|xty-
tour hoxagrams aro actua||y constructod trom tour, bas|c, two-||no symbo|s known as tho |s|ang. 1hoso |n turn woro dor|vod trom tho two
tundamonta| ||nos, ono brokon and ono unbrokon, known rospoct|vo|y as y|n and yang.
loxt, tho numbor 8. 1ho gonot|c codo, as was ov|dont, oboyod tho |aw ot throo torcos, wh|ch |s why on|y tr|p|ot codons aro ov|dont |n tho
procoss ot croat|on. 1ho throo torcos aro |n|t|t|a||y roprosontod |n tho 3ook ot Changos by tho two or|g|na| y|n (nogat|vo, toma|o), yang
(pos|t|vo, ma|o) and noutra|, tho th|rd, |nv|s|b|o, or myst|ca|' |ngrod|ont: tho tao..
404
|ayos roca||s h|s roact|on to th|s d|scovory:
3y th|s t|mo, hav|ng rocogn|zod so many s|m||ar|t|os botwoon tho l Ch|ng and tho gonot|c codo, l was conv|ncod that l was on to somoth|ng ot
protound |mportanco, and my omot|ona| stato rot|octod th|s: l was h|gh|y chargod. lo way, l thought, cou|d tho |dont|ca| toaturos ot thoso two
apparont|y d|sparato systoms bo tho product ot moro co|nc|donco, tor thoy woro not on|y |dont|ca| |n structuro, |t soomod that thoy oach had a
common purposo, wh|ch was to tac|||tato tho procoss ot ovo|ut|on.
40b
3o tar, so good.
3ut what about tho numbor 22? Was thoro somo corrospondonco botwoon tho l Ch|ng and 0lA |nvo|v|ng th|s numbor? |ayos puts tho prob|om
th|s way:
low thoso hoxagrams, as l sa|d oar||or, just ||ko tho b|ochom|ca| hoxagrams ot tho gonot|c codo, oach cons|st ot two tr|grams, two throo-||no
symbo|s, ono abovo, ono bo|ow. 1ho tr|grams, o|ght |n numbor, woro dor|vod trom tho tour |s|ang, by succoss|vo|y p|ac|ng ovor oach ot thom tho
two or|g|na| brokon and unbrokon ||nos. Whon thoso samo two ||nos aro p|acod ovor tho o|ght tr|grams, tho rosu|t |s s|xtoon t|guros ot tour ||nos.
lopoat tho procoss onco aga|n and you got th|rty-two t|guros ot t|vo ||nos, and a t|na| s|m||ar movomont producos tho s|xty-tour hoxagrams.
Un||ko tho tour- and t|vo-||no t|guros, tho o|ght tr|grams, known as tho kua, aro g|von part|cu|ar prom|nonco |n tho systom. l musod ovor thoso tor a
|ong t|mo, jugg||ng w|th tho|r numbors. E|ght throos. 1hroo o|ghts. 1wonty-tour. l noodod twonty-two. C|oso, but not c|oso onough. Corta|n|y tho
numbor 8 was an |ntogra| part ot tho ovora|| symmotry, bo|ng tho squaro root ot that mag|ca| 04, but why d|d tho sum ot tho tr|grams not contorm to
tho twonty-two codon s|gna|s ot tho gonot|c codo? Why twonty-tour? Why o|ght?
400
1ho answor camo whon |ayos roca||od that tho numbors 4, 8, 04, 8 and 22 woro s|gn|t|cant compononts to tho |ormot|c Codo and sacrod
goomotr|os ot tho ost, and moro part|cu|ar|y, had a d|roct connoct|on to moslc.
1ho numbor 22 was a koy numbor ot tho lythagoroan systom pr|nc|pa||y bocauso ot |ts mus|ca| aspoct.'
407
What |t roprosontod was |n tact
throo octavos ot v|brat|ons, or notos, throo sots ot o|ght - twonty-tour compononts.'
408
3ut whoro doos 22 como |n?
1ho answor |s vory s|mp|o. lt ono s|ts at a koyboard |nstrumont, and bog|ns w|th tho noto C,' and goos upward o|ght notos us|ng on|y tho wh|to
koys, ono w||| arr|vo back at C' an octavo h|ghor, oxact|y o|ght notos |ator. lopoat tho procoss aga|n, and at tho s|xtoonth noto abovo tho or|g|na|,
ono arr|vos back at C,' and aga|n a th|rd t|mo, and ono arr|vos back on tho twonty-tourth noto, wh|ch |s onco aga|n C.' 3ut s|nco two ot thoso C's
aro but ropot|t|ons ot tho or|g|na| C,' ono m|ght th|nk ot tho throo octavos as ombody|ng tho numbor 22, as wo|| as 24.
400
1ho |mp||cat|ons ot th|s woro onormous, and |ayos was qu|ck to porco|vo what thoy woro:
|rom that t|mo onward, tho summor ot 1084, l spont sovora| yoars oxp|or|ng tho mazo||ko anna|s ot h|story. l automat|ca||y assumod that, |t tho
Ch|noso and tho Grooks woro tunod |n' to th|s anc|ont sc|onco. thon |t was probab|y that so woro somo ot tho othor trad|t|ons and c|v|||zat|ons..
As |t turnod out, tho ov|donco was ovorwho|m|ng. Evorywhoro l |ookod l saw mus|ca| symbo|s boam|ng back at mo: ovory known major ro||g|on and
osotor|c trad|t|on |n rocordod h|story had ombracod th|s sc|onco.. |oro |n tact, was tho m|ss|ng common tactor l had |ong to|t ox|stod, that mag|ca|
|ngrod|ont that had g|von ro||g|ous movomonts tho powor to attoct tho m|nds and hoarts ot b||||ons |n such a protound and oxtraord|nary way. 1hoy
woro a|| unorr|ng|y basod on tho pr|nc|p|o ot harmony, a harmony that |t ochood |n, ||tora||y, ovory s|ng|o co|| ot our bod|os, |n our 0lA and |n tho
gonot|c codo. 1h|s |s, thorotoro, a natura| harmony.
b00
ln othor words, tho numbors ot tho |ormot|c Codo or 3acrod Goomotry appoarod to bo a |ogacy ot a |ong-|ost c|v|||zat|on, prodat|ng a|| tho h|gh
c|v|||zat|ons ot tho c|ass|ca| ora - tho 3umor|an, tho Egypt|an, tho Vosopotam|an, tho Ch|noso - and tho ossooco ot that codo was not on|y
mus|ca|, but gonot|c. lt was, as |ayos conc|udod, a natura| harmony,' and 0lA |tso|t wos o ootoro| rosoootor ooo troosoocor o lt.
2. 1he Well-1empered Cosmos
3ut w|th tho |doa that |t roprosonts a natura| harmony,' ono a|so oncountors yot anothor prob|om, a prob|om wh|ch rovoa|s oxact|y how
oxtraord|nar||y soph|st|catod tho anc|ont |ormot|c Codo actua||y was. As l notod |n my t|rst book on a|tornat|vo sc|onco and h|story, 7bo Olzo Lootb
5tor, tho natura||y occurr|ng harmon|c sor|os |s oot what ono oncountors on a koyboard. 1o soo what tho prob|om |s, wo havo to portorm a s|mp|o
oxpor|mont to domonstrato what phys|c|sts (and mus|c|ans!) know as tho harmon|c sor|os.
lot us |mag|no ono |s s|tt|ng at tho koyboard ot an acoust|c p|ano. lross down tho noto C' s||ont|y w|th ono hand, thon str|ko tho samo noto C'
an octavo or two |owor w|th tho othor hand. Ono w||| hoar tho opon str|ngs ot tho s||ont|y prossod noto C' v|brat|ng sympathot|ca||y w|th tho s||ont|y
prossod noto. 1h|s Octavo' |s ca||od tho t|rst harmon|c or ovortono' ot tho tundamonta| C' (tho struck noto). low, ropoat tho oxpor|mont, on|y th|s
t|mo, pross down tho noto G' s||ont|y, but str|ko tho noto C' an octavo or two bo|ow |t. Aga|n, ono w||| hoar tho noto G' v|brat|ng sympathot|ca||y
w|th tho struck C.' G |s tho socond ovortono or harmon|c ot tho tundamonta| C,' and, ono notos that tho |ntorva| has docroasod, G' bo|ng what
mus|c|ans know as tho |ntorva| ot tho ltb trom C (count|ng up t|vo notos trom C, w|th C as 1,' g|vos G as tho t|tth). lt ono koops ropoat|ng tho
oxpor|mont, w|th tho |ntorva|s grow|ng sma||or and sma||or, thon tho noxt ovortono w||| bo a oortb up trom G, wh|ch |s anothor C.' 1ho noxt |ntorva|
|s a major tblro, tho noto E,' thon tho noxt |ntorva| |s a mloor th|rd, tho noto G.' 3ut now wo oncountor tho prob|om, tor tho ooxt lotorvo|, wblcb
occors naturally, |s oot prosont on tho koyboard, tor |t |s tho |ntorva| botwooo tbo mloor tblro ooo tbo mojor socooo, or |n othor words a noto |y|ng
botwooo B |ot ooo A ootoro|, or |ylog lo tbo crocks' oo tbo koybooro botwooo tboso two ootos.
1h|s |ntorva| was known to tho anc|onts, and |n tact |s ca||od tho lythagoroan Comma,' tor tho lythagoroans woro wo|| awaro ot |t. Yot, os
loyos bos polotoo oot, tbo ooo|ogy botwooo oocloot osotorlc scboo|s ooo moooro sclooco oo|y works oo o modern keyboard. 3o what's go|ng
on horo?
3r|ot|y - and a thorough oxp|anat|on ot th|s ro|at|onsh|p wou|d roqu|ro a book |n |ts own r|ght - what happonod w|th|n Wostorn mus|c, proclso|y
os o roso|t o tbo roolscovory o tbo osotorlc trooltloo oorlog tbo Rooolssooco, was that that trad|t|on was opp|loo to moslc and to tho tun|ng ot
mus|ca| |nstrumonts, part|cu|ar|y koyboards, so that tho natura||y occurr|ng harmon|c sor|os was do||borato|y tomporoo wltb, and a s||ght
mathomat|ca| adjustmont was mado to tho notos ot tho mus|ca| sca|o, so that oach noto was oxact|y an oqua| |ntorva| apart, a||ow|ng o|| ootos to
ooctloo os ovortooos o o|| otbor ootos, and thus a||ow|ng a p|oco ot mus|c to chango koys dur|ng a p|oco to tho most d|stant koys w|thout hav|ng
to stop and rotuno tho who|o |nstrumont! 1h|s tamporod koyboard' ushorod |n tho ora ot modorn Wostorn mus|c, bog|nn|ng w|th v|va|d|, 3car|att|,
lamoau and 1.3. 3ach, who ovon co|obratod |ts arr|va| by compos|ng a p|oco ot mus|c ca||od 7bo o||-7omporoo C|ovlor, or to put |t b|unt|y, 7bo
o||-7AVPEREL-l7l Koybooro.' lathor than oach noto now hav|ng |ts own un|quo harmon|c sor|os wh|ch d|d oot ovor|ap w|th othor notos,
oach noto now cou|d tunct|on as any harmon|c ot any othor noto. 7bls, ooo oot Voxwo||`s o|octromogootlc tboory, wos tbo lrst oollcotloo lo
pbyslcs, or oow, rotbor tboo oo lololto oombor o ootos' oocb wltb tbolr owo oolqoo bormoolc sorlos, ooo boo oo|y 12 ootos, oocb o wblcb
coo|o ooctloo os bormoolcs o o|| tbo otbors. 1ho modorn systom ot mus|c had or|g|natod, |n othor words, w|th a s||ght adjustmont |n tho systom ot
moosoromoot ot mus|ca| |ntorva|s.
1h|s ||tt|o mus|ca| dotour now oxh|b|ts a protound |mp||cat|on, tor what |t roa||y |mp||os |s tbot tbo oocloots koowo tbls moslco| systom, ooo,
moroovor, koowtbot lt bo|o somo cooooctloo to LNA ltso|. 1h|s |s a protound |nd|cator that tho osotor|c and |ormot|c Codo |s a |ogacy ot a vory
soph|st|catod sc|ont|t|c, and mus|ca|, cu|turo.
|ayos |s qu|ck to approc|ato tho |mp||cat|ons ot thoso cons|dorat|ons |n torms ot modorn quantum mochan|cs and |ts v|ow ot quantum roa||ty as
bo|ng a non-|oca|, |ntorconnoctod un|vorso. lot surpr|s|ng|y, tho phys|c|st whom ho choosos as an oxamp|o to |||ustrato th|s harmon|c
|ntorconnoctodnoss ot systoms |n a vory doop, non-|oca| hypor-d|mons|ona| roa||ty, |s 0av|d 3ohm!
ln an attompt to oxp|a|n tho pr|nc|p|o ot non|oca||ty and tho |doa ot a vast wob ot |ntorconnoctodnoss pormoat|ng tho who|o un|vorso, tho
Un|vors|ty ot london phys|c|st 0av|d 3ohm pos|tod tho ox|stonco ot what ho ca||od quantum potont|a|. |o saw th|s as a now k|nd ot onorgy
t|o|d that, ||ko grav|ty, porvados tho who|o un|vorso, but whoso |nt|uonco doos not woakon w|th d|stanco.
3ohm t|rst rocogn|zod a poss|b|o |nd|cat|on ot th|s quantum potont|a| through h|s work on p|asmas, gasos compr|s|ng a h|gh dons|ty ot
o|octrons and pos|t|vo |ons (atoms w|th a pos|t|vo chargo). |o not|cod that tho o|octrons, onco thoy woro |n p|asma, bogan to act |n concort,
as |t thoy woro a|| part ot a groator, |ntorconnoctod who|o. |or oxamp|o, |t any |mpur|t|os woro prosont |n tho p|asma, |t wou|d a|ways roa||gn
|tso|t and trap a|| toro|gn bod|os |n an oxc|us|on zono - just as a ||v|ng organ|sm m|ght oncaso po|son |n a bo||. 3ohm obsorvod a|so a
s|m||ar, orchostratod mass movomont ot o|octrons |n mota|s and suporconductors, w|th oach ono act|ng as |t |t know' what count|oss b||||ons
ot othors woro about to do. Accord|ng to 3ohm, part|c|os act |n th|s way through tho |nt|uonco ot tho quantum potont|a|, a subquantum torco
matr|x that somohow coord|natos tho movomont ot tho who|o.
lt appoars that whon p|asmas aro rojoct|ng |mpuro substancos and rogonorat|ng thomso|vos, thoy |ook vory s|m||ar to sw|r||ng massos ot
wo||-organ|zod protop|asm. 1h|s cur|ous organ|c' qua||ty |od 3ohm to commont that ho otton had tho |mpross|on that tho o|octron soa was,
|n a sonso, a||vo.' |o poss|b|y d|d not |ntond th|s to bo takon too ||tora||y, that tho o|octron mass was ||v|ng |n tho samo way as an amooba,
but tho ov|dont h|gh|y coord|natod symmotr|os ot tho p|asma conv|ncod h|m that tho o|octrons woro rospond|ng to ono ot many |nto|||gont'
ordors |mp||c|t |n tho tabr|c ot tho un|vorso.
b01
|ayos commonts on thoso obsorvat|ons and tho|r |mp||cat|ons, draw|ng attont|on to tho |ntor|ock|ng' naturo ot a|| phonomona v|a tho proporty ot
rosonanco:
1ho who|o un|vorso |s porpotua||y |n mot|on and a|| wavo/part|c|os aro cont|nuous|y |ntoract|ng and soparat|ng, wh|ch moans that tho non|oca|
aspoct ot quantum systoms |n a gonora| charactor|st|c ot naturo. C|oar|y th|s roprosonts, |n tho phys|ca| wor|d, a harmony ot tho h|ghost poss|b|o
ordor. lt |s ono th|ng to say that tho un|vorso |s a harmon|ous ont|ty bocauso |t |s constructod ont|ro|y upon tho o|ghtto|d chromodynam|c and atom|c
matr|cos, but non|oca||ty suggosts that thoro ox|sts a tar doopor |ntorconnoct|ng harmony undor|y|ng a|| phys|ca| phonomona, whoro ovoryth|ng |s
rosonat|ng at tho vory samo subquantum troquoncy, ovoryth|ng |s | n tuno' w|th ovory othor th|ng,
b02
oxact|y as |t |t woro ono ot tho notos' on a wo||-tomporod cosm|c koyboard, tunct|on|ng as an ovortono to a|| othor notos |n a vast and
|ntorconnoctod harmon|c sor|os.
And horo, 0lA ontors tho p|cturo, tor as |ayos has domonstratod, 0lA wou|d appoar to bo, |n somo sonso, a wo||-tomporod' c|av|or tor tho
who|o systom, or, oxact|y as tho anc|onts undorstood mank|nd, a m|crocosm.' 3ut |s thoro any corro|at|on botwoon modorn sc|onco and th|s
anc|ont osotor|c doctr|no?
lndood thoro |s.
ln my book 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor, l rotorrod to a sc|ont|t|c papor by |rooman W. Copo
ont|t|od Ev|donco trom Act|vat|on Enorg|os tor 3upor-Conduct|vo 1unno||ng |n 3|o|og|ca| 3ystoms at lhys|o|og|ca| 1omporaturos,' a t|t|o
guarantood to mako tho oyos g|azo ovor, un|oss ono cons|dors tho protound |mp||cat|ons h|ddon boh|nd tho du|| sc|ont|t|c proso. 3ut t|rst, tho du||
sc|ont|t|c proso:
ln tho prosont papor, ov|donco tor anothor c|ass ot so||d-stato b|o|og|ca| procoss |s g|von. lt |s suggostod that slog|o-o|octroo toooo|log botwooo
soporcooooctlvo rogloos moy roto-|lmlt vorloos oorvo ooo growtb procossos. 7bls lmp|los tbot mlcro-rogloos o soporcooooctlvlty oxlst lo co||s
ot pbyslo|oglco| tomporotoros, wblcb sopports tboorotlco| proolctloos o blgb tomporotoro orgoolc soporcooooctloo.
3uporconduct|on |s tho passago ot o|octron curront w|thout gonorat|on ot hoat and honco w|th zoro o|octr|ca| ros|stanco. 3uch bohav|or has boon
obsorvod on|y |n |norgan|c mator|a|s and on|y at tomporaturos bo|ow approx|mato|y 20
o
K, a|though thoory prod|cts that suporconduct|on m|ght
occur |n organ|c mator|a|s at room tomporaturos. 1ho conduct|on ot o|octrons ocross lotorocos botwoon adjacont suporconduct|vo |ayors bohavos
d|ttoront|y trom curront across ord|nary so||d junct|ons. E|octron-tunno||ng curronts across |ntortacos botwoon suporconduct|vo |ayors or rog|ons
havo boon prod|ctod and domonstratod to havo a part|cu|ar torm ot tomporaturo dopondonco.
.Lltt|o.bos soggostoo LNA os tbo sort o blo|oglco| mo|oco|o o|oog wblcb o|octroos mlgbt soporcooooct.
b08
ln 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, my tocus was on tho onormous |mp||cat|ons ot 0lA suporconduct|v|ty, but horo, our |ntorost |s on tho othor aspoct ot
tho phonomonon not|cod by Copo: o|octron toooo|log.
1ho quantum tunno||ng phonomonon may bo br|ot|y undorstood by an |||ustrat|on ot what actua||y happons |n quantum tunno||ng. lmag|no ono has
an |mpormoab|o and |mponotrab|o barr|or, such as tho wa|| ot a b|o|og|ca| co||, or a th|ck wa|| botwoon two rooms, or ovon |mag|no tho barr|or as
bo|ng tho mod|um ot spaco-t|mo |tso|t. low, |mag|no a packot ot wavos approach|ng th|s barr|or, ||ko tho |ntortoronco pattorn ot two radar boams
bo|ng bouncod ott tho barr|or and rot|octod back to tho radar sots that gonoratod tho packot. 3ut accord|ng to tho wavo oquat|ons ot quantum
mochan|cs, at tho oxact momont that th|s packot h|ts tho barr|or and |s rot|octod bock to tho sots, a ta|nt ocbo' ot that oncom|ng wavo packot
actua||y omorgos on tho otbor s|do ot tho barr|or at tho samo |nstant, and travo|s away trom tho barr|or, |n short, tho oncom|ng s|gna| tunno|s'
through tho barr|or - |n a|most wormho|o-||ko tash|on - and |ts ocho' omorgos on tho othor s|do and travo|s away trom tho barr|or, 180 dogroos
oppos|to ot tho rot|octod s|gna| travo||ng back to our radar sots. And, as Copo notos |n tho soct|on ot tho art|c|o c|tod abovo, 0lA acts as oxact|y
tho sort ot organ|c mo|ocu|o that |s ab|o to accomp||sh th|s toat! lt |s as |t an organ|c ||to torm was a comp|ox systom bo|ng ho|d togothor by
suporconduct|v|ty and quantum tunno||ng, a vast b|o|og|ca| non-|oca| notwork' ot tunno||ng norvo |mpu|sos. lt so, thon th|s m|ght oxp|a|n tho bas|s ot
paranorma| phonomona such as romoto v|ow|ng, tor 0lA as such wou|d |ntoract olroct|y w|th tho |ntormat|on contont w|th|n tho t|o|d ot tho |oca|
phys|ca| mod|um.
b04
W|th th|s, thon, wo havo tho t|na| componont ot that anc|ont tochno|ogy and sc|onco - tho gonot|c and b|o|og|ca| - and w|th |t, wo roturn onco
aga|n to tho bankstors, and why thoy soom |nord|nato|y |ntorostod |n |oarn|ng |ts socrots.
D. 1EE ANC|EN1 CON1AC1: 1EE RO1E5CE|LD N|NROD NY1E |N A W|DER CON1EX1
lt 0lA |s such a rosonator and transducor ot tho |ntormat|on contont |n tho |oca| t|o|d ot tho phys|ca| mod|um, |t stands to roason that somo
spoc|t|c gonotypos w||| bo moro ott|c|ont rosonators ot |t than othors. Wo aro to|d |n count|oss anc|ont toxts, trom tho 3|b|o to tho 3umor|an op|cs to
tho ||ndu op|cs ot lnd|a to tho |ogonds ot tho 1apanoso Yamato' poop|os to tho |ogonds ot Vosoamor|can lnd|ans, that at somo po|nt ot t|mo |ost
|n tho m|sts ot proh|story,' tho gods' camo down and m|ng|od w|th mon, s|r|ng ch||dron ot human womon. ln many ot thoso |ogonds, moroovor,
thoso anc|ont c|v|||z|ng gods' woro so|t-ov|dont|y wh|to Caucas|ans, aga|n, th|s |s a common toaturo ot such myths trom Vosoamor|ca, to tho 3outh
Amor|can lncans, and ovon anc|ont 1apanoso |ogonds.
Whatovor tho truthtu|noss ot thoso c|a|ms m|ght bo, wo havo soon that, s|nco anc|ont t|mos, an |ntornat|ona| bank|ng c|ass has cons|stont|y
a||gnod |tso|t w|th tho tomp|o, both w|th a v|ow to g|v|ng tho|r t|nanc|a| act|v|t|os tho sanct|on ot tho prob|ty ot tho tomp|o and thoroby c|oak|ng tho|r
act|ons, but a|so w|th a v|ow to accoss|ng tho ros|duos ot that |ost sc|onco and tochno|ogy and potont|a||y roconstruct|ng and roconst|tut|ng |t. And
ono such componont, s|nco tho t|mos ot anc|ont 3umor and 3aby|on|a, |s suro|y tho|r 3umor|an op|cs' |ns|stonco that at |oast somo ot human|ty
dosconds trom such d|v|no' ancostors and tho|r |ntormarr|agos w|th humans. And g|von tho |aws ot gonot|cs, |t |s poss|b|o that, w|th a broad
onough databaso, tho out||nos ot such a gonot|c |ntorm|ng||ng m|ght ovontua||y bo d|scovorod.
3uch a databaso |s, t|na||y, w|th|n modorn man's grasp, w|th tho |uman Gonomo lrojoct. Wh||o many rosoarchors po|nt out tho obv|ous and
doad|y potont|a| that such a projoct onta||s tor tho dos|gn and ong|noor|ng ot raco-spoc|t|c b|o-woapons, l am bo|d to suggost that thoro m|ght bo
yot anothor h|ddon purposo, namo|y, to t|nd and |so|ato thoso gonotypos w|th|n human|ty that po|nt to a poss|b|o oxtratorrostr|a|' connoct|on. Aga|n,
tho myth ot tho lothsch||d doscont trom l|mrod - h|mso|t a product ot such |ntormarr|agos |t ono consu|ts tho 3umor|an rocords - suggosts that
ono such bank|ng dynasty |s awaro ot th|s connoct|on.
And |ndood, as rosoarchors G|on Yoadon and 1ohn |awk|ns havo notod, thoro |s a doop connoct|on botwoon tho |uman Gonomo lrojoct and
tho h|ddon hand ot tho Ang|o-Amor|can |ntornat|ona| bankstor c|ass, and a doopor connoct|on to tho Amor|can ougon|cs movomont w|th |ts own
wh|to-supromac|st ovortonos:
Curront|y, [tho Co|d 3pr|ng |arbor laboratory| |s a |oador |n tho human gonomo projoct. Wh||o tho gonomo projoct w||| undoubtod|y prov|do many
tuturo mod|ca| bonot|ts, |t cou|d oqua||y prov|do woapons ot mass dostruct|on, such as b|owoapons or ovon moro ov|| gonomo-spoc|t|c
b|owoapons. 1ho Projoct or tbo NowAmorlcoo Cootory [llAC| doscr|bos gonomo-spoc|t|c woapons as po||t|ca||y usotu| too|s. llAC sorvos as
tho b|uopr|nt tor tho Goorgo W. 3ush adm|n|strat|on, w|th many mombors c|oso|y assoc|atod w|th llAC.
W|th tho 3ush adm|n|strat|on's d|srogard tor human r|ghts and tho ban on nuc|oar tost|ng, lt ls cooso or o|orm to loo Co|o 5prlog lorbor lrm|y
cootro||oo by tbo somo oml|los lovo|voo lo tbo Amorlcoo oogoolcs movomoot. Corroot olroctors l||lom Oorry ooo A||oo Lo||os 1obsoo oro tbo
grooosoos o Avorl|| lorrlmoo ooo A||oo Lo||os, rospoctlvo|y. boo socb po|lclos ooo orgoolzotloos s|lp oooor tbo cootro| o oml|los |lko tbo
Bosbos ooo Rockoo||ors thoy can bo usod as modorn-day woapons ot gonoc|do.
b0b
Wh||o tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot tho samo o|d tam|||os' w|th tho gonomo projoct |s a causo ot concorn, and tor tho samo roasons Yoadon and
|awk|ns suggost, w|th|n tho w|dor contoxt ot tbls book tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot thoso tam|||os w|th tho projoct ca||s torth concorn tor moro than tho
roason thoy o||c|t, tor |t wou|d appoar that, onco aga|n, thoso tam|||os aro try|ng tho|r bost, through a|| tho vast notwork ot toundat|ons, grants,
corporat|ons and othor tronts at tho|r d|sposa|, to |oarn and roconstruct as much ot that anc|ont sc|onco, and porhaps ot tho|r own tam||y h|story, as
poss|b|o.
W|th 0lA, wo havo tho |ast componont ot tho phys|cs puzz|o, tho othor p|ocos bo|ng, as was soon, tho data ot rocurront oconom|c cyc|os, tho
pocu||ar corrospondonco ot astro|og|ca| a||gnmonts w|th oconom|c dopross|ons, tho |doa ot a doop connoct|on botwoon tho phys|cs ot tho mod|um
and tho ta|so a|chomy ot tho bankstors. Wo havo soon tho pors|stont ottorts ot somo nat|ons to troo thomso|vos trom tho |nt|uonco ot that c|ass, and,
|n laz| Gormany's caso, tho attompt a|so to crash dovo|op tho parad|gms ot a now - and vory o|d - phys|cs. Wo havo soon tho pors|stont
assoc|at|on ot tho bankstors w|th ro||g|on, w|th tho tomp|o, and |n turn, tho pors|stont assoc|at|on ot tho anc|ont tomp|o w|th astronom|ca|
a||gnmonts, w|th pos|t|on|ng on a g|oba| gr|d, and w|th tho pocu||ar |ncorporat|on ot sca|ar phys|cs' |nto tho vory dos|gn and d|mons|ons ot anc|ont
tomp|os.
3o now, |t |s t|mo to assomb|o tho p|ocos togothor, and oxp|a|n what's go|ng on, and to ottor a spocu|at|vo oxp|anat|on ot wby |t's go|ng on.
Nino
1EE BANK51ER5' REAL Bu5|NE55 1EE PA11ERN OF WAR, 5CARC|1Y, 5uPPRE55|ON,
5LAVERY AND NONOPOL|ZA1|ON
lo tbo coorso o tbo ooxt sovoro| oocooos, o ooctloolog stroctoro o g|obo| cooporotloo, bosoo oo goopo|ltlco| roo|ltlos,
coo|o tbos omorgo ooo groooo||y ossomo tbo moot|o o tbo wor|o`s corroot rogoot,' wblcb bos or tbo tlmo bolog
ossomoo tbo borooo o rospooslbl|lty or wor|o stobl|lty ooo pooco. Ooostrotoglc soccoss lo tbot cooso woo|o roprosoot o
lttlog |ogocy o Amorlco`s ro|o os tbo lrst, oo|y, ooo |ost tro|y g|obo| soporpowor.'
- Zblgolow Brzozloskl
500


1ho tact that so many anc|ont tomp|os horototoro survoyod show ov|donco not on|y ot a protound assoc|at|on w|th tho stars through tho|r
astro|og|ca| a||gnmonts, and w|th tho phys|cs ot tho mod|um through tho|r |ncorporat|on ot sacrod goomotr|os and tho|r |ocat|on on an oarth gr|d'
ovor noda| po|nts ot stand|ng wavos w|th|n |oca| spaco, but a|so w|th |ntornat|ona| bank|ng through tho prom|nont assoc|at|on ot monoychangors
w|th thoso tomp|os, |s an |nd|cator that at a doop and protound |ovo| - porhaps as a |ogacy ot tho vory ||gh C|v|||zat|on trom wh|ch thoy sprang -
thoso c|ass|ca| c|v|||zat|ons through tho|r marr|ago ot bank|ng and astro|ogy prosorvod tho d|m momory ot a |ost sc|onco that un|t|od phys|cs,
oconom|cs, and t|nanco.
A. 1EE E|51OR|CAL PA11ERN5 OF 5uPPRE55|ON
1. O| the FInancIal Alchemy o| Money-as-CredIt o| the NatIon
Voroovor, wo havo prosontod ov|donco that th|s c|ass ox|stod |n moro or |oss unbrokon cont|nu|ty, both rac|a||y and othn|ca||y, and, |n torms ot tho
mothods and po||c|os |t has pursuod throughout h|story. Add|t|ona||y, suggost|vo a||ogat|ons woro prosontod that at |oast ono mombor tam||y ot th|s
c|ass - tho lothsch||ds - traco tho|r ||noago d|roct|y back to ono ot tho 3umor|an o||to, l|mrod.
ln th|s, at |oast tho mothods survoyod havo boon cons|stont:
1. 1ho bas|c mothodo|ogy ot tho bankstors, both |n anc|ont and |n modorn t|mos, has boon to subst|tuto ono not|on ot monoy tor anothor, and
thoroby to usurp tho powor ot tho stato to croato and |ssuo monoy and subst|tuto a pr|vato monopo|y tor |ts croat|on. ln tho tormor |nstanco, tho |doa
ot monoy |s that ot a roco|pt tor goods and sorv|cos on tho product|vo output ot tho stato |tso|t. ln othor words, monoy |s roa|' monoy and |s a un|t ot
|ntormat|on, ot oxchango, basod on tho croat|vo act|v|ty ot a who|o stato. lt |s thus |ssuod by tho stato |tso|t, and troo ot any |ntorost-boar|ng dobt. ln
tho |attor caso, monoy |s ta|so' monoy, or what wo havo ca||od a ocslml|o ot monoy, |ssuod by a pr|vato monopo|y and boar|ng dobt |ntorost, and
c|rcu|atod os monoy. 1ho tacs|m||o ot monoy, |n othor words, |s a dobt-boar|ng noto, and dobt, undor such a systom, can on|y |ncroaso and novor
bo ropa|d. ln tho t|rst |nstanco, |t |s to bo notod, monoy roprosonts tho croat|on ot loormotloo, |.o., un|ts ot oxchango, lssooo lo proportloo to tbo
proooctlvo ootpot o o stoto, ooo os socb, tbo oolt o oxcboogo roprosoots roo| loormotloo lo tbo pbyslco| wor|o. ln th|s |nstanco, tho connoct|on
botwoon loooco ooo pbyslcs ls olroct ooo ovort, ooo oosl|y porcolvoo. lt |s thorotoro an ana|oguo ot tho actua| a|chom|ca| and transmutat|vo
proport|os, u|t|mato|y, ot tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t. ln tho socond |nstanco, howovor, monoy roprosonts a|most tbo oxoct opposlto, s|nco |t
roprosonts not product|on but an |ntorost-boar|ng oobt, a k|nd ot nogat|vo |ntormat|on' that can on|y and must |nov|tab|y grow at a rato oxponont|a||y
tastor than tho product|vo output ot tho stato. lt boars, |n othor words, no ro|at|on to phys|ca| roa||ty. lt |s a k|nd ot ta|so a|chomy, a t|nanc|a| b|ack
ho|o |nto wh|ch tho product|vo output ot a stato |s |nov|tab|y suckod, and trom wh|ch |t coo oovor omorgo, oo|oss tbo vory oooor|ylog looo o tbo
ocslml|o o moooy ls c|oor|y ropoolotoo ooo rojoctoo. 1ho systom ot tho tacs|m||o ot monoy |s, |n othor words, do||borato|y dos|gnod to onhanco
and onr|ch on|y thoso who contro| |ts |ssuanco, and can novor sorvo tho broador pub||c good bocauso |t |s not ooslgooo to do so.
a. ln tho mothods pursuod to rop|aco monoy by tho tacs|m||o ot monoy, tho bankstor c|ass, as wo havo soon, has |nvar|ab|y and throughout
tho contur|os cons|stont|y to||owod a wo||-worn p|aybook, namo|y, tho croat|on or countorto|t|ng ot tho roa| monoy ot a stato to undorm|no
pub||c cont|donco |n |t, or, |n somo casos, |t has purchasod tho stato's monoy |ssuanco and takon |t out ot c|rcu|at|on, |oav|ng on|y |ts own
dobt-boar|ng notos to c|rcu|ato as a mod|um ot oxchango.
b. As wo havo soon trom tho h|stor|ca| oxamp|os prosontod |n procod|ng pagos, whonovor a |oador or a stato has attomptod to rojoct tho
pr|nc|p|o ot tho tacs|m||o ot monoy, tho |ntornat|ona| bankstor c|ass has mob|||zod thoso statos |t ooos contro| tbroogb that pract|co to
mako war aga|nst such broakaway' statos, or a|tornat|vo|y, tho |oadors ot statos advocat|ng such po||c|os ot roturn to stato-|ssuod monoy
as crod|t, aro cur|ous|y murdorod w|th a cons|stoncy that bo||os moro co|nc|donco. ln th|s rospoct, tho to||ow|ng oxomp|ars woro
mont|onod |n prov|ous pagos
1. ln modorn t|mos:
a. 1ho man|pu|at|on ot tho co||apso ot tho |ssuancos ot tho Cont|nonta| Congross dur|ng tho 1780s by a roturn to
tho go|d' or bu|||on' standard, wh|ch groat|y contractod tho Amor|can monoy supp|y, caus|ng a dopross|on,
dur|ng a por|od whon p|anotary a||gnmonts a|ways soom to suggost oconom|c co||apso or contract|on,
b. 1ho assass|nat|on ot lros|dont Abraham l|nco|n tor |ssu|ng dobt-troo Groonbacks to t|nanco tho northorn ottort
dur|ng tho Amor|can War 3otwoon tho 3tatos, and tho subsoquont lat|ona| curroncy act to||ow|ng a s|m||ar
man|pu|atod dopross|on, wh|ch |tso|t occurrod dur|ng s|m||ar p|anotary a||gnmonts,
c. 1ho assass|nat|on ot lros|dont 1amos Gart|o|d moro months |nto h|s pros|doncy, attor ho had suggostod h|s
w||||ngnoss to roturn to stato-croatod and -|ssuod dobt-troo monoy,
d. 1ho man|pu|at|on ot tho Amor|can monoy supp|y pr|or to and dur|ng tho Groat 0opross|on, t|rst by vast|y
oxpand|ng crod| t, and thon by vast|y contract|ng tho monoy supp|y, aga|n at a juncturo whon p|anotary a||gnmonts
|nd|catod oconom|c turmo||, and, as was soon, whon Commorco 0opartmont data supp||od by Edward 0owoy
|nd|catod an |nov|tab|o cyc||c downturn.
o. 3omo rosoarchors, as was soon |n tho prov|ous pagos, |mp||od that tho war aga|nst laz| Gormany had a socrot
purposo, tor tho bank|ng o||to ot tho Wost, hav|ng a| dod Ado|t ||t|or's and tho laz|s' r|so to powor, woro qu|ck|y
a|armod by laz| Gormany's do||borato movos to rostoro stato-|ssuod dobt-troo monoy and by hor ottorts to
oxp|oro a|tornat|vo parad|gms ot phys|cs that wou|d |oad to hor onorgy |ndopondonco and so|t-sutt|c|oncy,
t. ||na||y, and as many rosoarchors havo notod, lros|dont 1ohn |. Konnody was murdorod a moro t|vo months
attor h|s |ssuanco ot an oxocut|vo ordor author|z|ng tho U.3. 1roasury to pr|nt $4,000,000,000 worth ot dobt-troo
Un|tod 3tatos lotos, bypass|ng tho pr|vato|y ownod and contro||od |odora| losorvo 3ank comp|oto|y.
2. 3|m||ar|y, |n anc|ont t|mos, tho to||ow|ng was notod:
a. tho po||c|os ot lomo v|s-a-v|s |ts trad|ng partnors |n tho East rogard|ng tho va|uo ot go|d and s||vor bu|||on
strong|y |nd|catod man|pu|at|on at both onds ot tho trad|ng routos, man|pu|at|on u|t|mato|y tavorab|o to any c|ass
contro|||ng bu|||on supp||os,
b. 3|m||ar po||c|os ot |ssuanco ot ta|so roco|pts or countorto|ts ot govornmont curronc|os woro notod, w|th tho
u|t|mato |ssuanco ot dobt-boar|ng bu|||on-backod notos ot dobt by a pr|vato monopo|y, part|cu|ar|y |n tho caso ot
anc|ont 3aby|on|a.
c. ln tho caso ot 3parta, |t was a|so notod that |t a|ono ot a|| tho anc|ont Grook c|ty-statos ros|stod th|s t|nanc|a|
po||cy, a tact wh|ch |od u|t|mato|y to tho lo|oponnos|an War and to tho ovontua| succumb|ng ot 3parta to thoso
po||c|os and tho c|ass boh|nd thom.
2. O| the PhysIcal Alchemy o| Energy |rom the MedIum
2) 3|m||ar|y, both |n anc|ont t|mos and |n modorn onos, wo havo notod a pors|stont assoc|at|on ot tho bank|ng c|ass w|th tho to||ow|ng th|ngs:
a. ln anc|ont t|mos, w|th ro||g|on, |.o., tho tomp|o. 1ho tomp|o, |n anc|ont t|mos, was |n turn assoc|atod w|th tho to||ow|ng th|ngs:
1. W|th astronomy and astro|ogy, |.o., w|th tho sc|onco' ot torocast|ng human ovonts,
2. W|th sacrod goomotr|os, ombod|od both |n tho d|mons|ons ot tho structuro, and |n tho|r p|acomonts and a||gnmonts on an
oarth gr|d,
8. W|th tho |ssuanco ot moooy, both |n tho torms ot roa| monoy, and |ts tacs|m||o as |ntorost-boar|ng dobt,
4. W|th s|avory.
b. ln modorn t|mos, w|th not on|y ro||g|on, but w|th sc|onco and sc|ont|sts dotorm|nod to broak oot ot tho parad|gm ot onorgy scarc|ty bo|ng
basod on non-ronowab|o rosourcos, and who woro sook|ng to dovo|op now phys|cs parad|gms, w|th now onorgy tochno|og|os.
c. And |n modorn t|mos, wo saw ov|donco ot corporato and bank|ng |ntorost |n tho vast databaso |nd|cat|ng a corro|at|on and
corrospondonco botwoon oconom|c cyc|os, and cyc|os ot puro|y pbyslco| act|v|ty, cyc|os that, |n 0owoy's ost|mat|on, woro |nov|tab|o
bocooso tboy woro ooo to ooopor oooor|ylog pbyslco| roosoos ooo oot slmp|y tbo roso|t o po|lcy or oggrogoto bomoo octloo.
3ut tho quost|on, h|gh||ghtod |n th|s tash|on, on|y roma|ns: by aro thoy pors|stont|y assoc|atod w|th thoso th|ngs? Why ooos ono t|nd bankstors
man|pu|at|ng such drast|c curta|||ngs ot monoy supp|y whon both cyc||c data and astro|og|ca| |oro wou|d |nd|cato that such downturns woro
|nov|tab|o?
1ho answor to thoso quost|ons roqu|ros that wo now assomb|o a|| tho pbyslcs p|ocos ot tho puzz|o, out||nod |n tho procod|ng pagos, |nto a s|ng|o
cata|oguo, dotorm|no tho|r undor|y|ng pr|nc|p|os, and thon corro|ato thoso w|th tho abovo pattorns ot bankstor act|v|t|os and po||c|os. On|y thon doos
tho d|sturb|ng answor and p|cturo ot tho|r mot|vat|ons and poss|b|o agonda omorgo.
B. 1EE PEY5|C5, 1EE F|NANC|AL ALCEENY, AND 1EE BANK51ER5
1. AssemblIng the PIeces
look|ng back ovor tho assomb|od phys|cs and t|nanc|a| data ot prov|ous chaptors, tho to||ow|ng sa||ont toaturos omorgo:
1. Accord|ng to 0owoy and 0ak|n and tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os, oconom|c act|v|ty occurs |n cyc|os ot boom and bust, and thoso cyc|os
aro oxact ana|oguos to phys|ca| |oogltooloo| wavos ot sound, |.o., ot compross|on and rarotact|on. As such, thoso cyc|os aro |n a corta|n sonso
|nov|tab|o and |mporv|ous to human act|on, but tho ovora|| downward and upward trooo ot a cyc|o can bo damponod or oxacorbatod by human
po||cy and act|v|ty,
2. 0owoy and 0ak|n a|so pos|t that a doopor phys|cs may ||o boh|nd such oconom|c cyc|os, a tact |ooso|y corroboratod by lo|son's study ot tho
var|at|ons |n rad|o s|gna| propagat|on and p|anotary a||gnmonts, and by Govor's study ot Amor|can dopross|ons wh|ch soom to occur noar
astro|og|ca| a||gnmonts ca||od grand crossos. lt was a|so notod that tho grand cross pattorn mont|onod by Govor a|so c|oso|y corrospondod to tho
typo ot p|anotary a||gnmonts notod by lo|son |n h|s lCA study,
8. A|| ot th|s was turthor corroboratod by tho G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory ot 0r. |armut V||or, who not|cod that phys|ca| objocts thomso|vos - |nc|ud|ng
human soc|a| and domograph|c act|v|ty - c|ustorod around corta|n noda| po|nts ot stand|ng wavos |n |ogar|thm|c spaco. V||or wont on to pos|t that
thoso noda| po|nts may |nd|cato a roa| phys|cs ot tho phys|ca| mod|um, |.o., that such c|ustor|ng was duo to tho |ntortoronco ot |ong|tud|na| wavos |n
tho phys|ca| mod|um |tso|t. On th|s v|ow, V||or's thoory |s vory c|oso to tho v|ows ot anc|ont a|chomy wh|ch pos|ts that tho phys|ca| mod|um |s a
troosmototlvo mod|um, croat|ng |ntormat|on |n |ts d|ttoront|at|ons wh|ch |n turn bocomo tho phys|ca| objocts ot croat|on. As was notod, V||or's
thoory camo to tho attont|on ot tho Gorman lnst|tuto tor 3paco Enorgy losoarch, wh|ch app||od h|s thoor|os to noto tho doop phys|cs boh|nd human
soc|a| act|on and organ|zat|on,
4. 3|m||ar v|ows ot mattor os o tomp|oto or lotororooco pottoro o socb wovos woro oxprossod by quantum and p|asma phys|c|st 0av|d 3ohm,
b. 3|nco |n thoso v|ows mattor |s tho rosu|t ot a tomp|ato or |ntortoronco pattorn ot such wavos |n tho mod|um, |argo massos such as p|anots and stars
aro ootoro| rosoootors ot such wavos. 3tars |n part|cu|ar aro rosonators ot such wavos, s|nco, as rototlog bo||s o p|osmo (wh|ch |n turn, accord|ng
to 0av|d 3ohm, oxh|b|t phonomona ot so|t-organ|zat|on' and rosponso to tho |nto|||gont' |nstruct|ons ot tho phys|ca| mod|um) thoy act as ott|c|ont
natura| rosonators ot tho mod|um. As l|chard C. |oag|and notod, |t appoars that tho anc|ont soc|ot|os, w|th tho|r omphas|s on stars as porta|s' or
gatos' to h|ghor d|mons|ons, prosorvod a |ogacy ot th|s doop phys|cs,
0. As natura| rosonators ot thoso stand|ng wavos |n tho mod|um, |t was a|so notod that p|anots sot up w|th|n thomso|vos a gr|dwork or tomp|ato ot
such wavo |ntortoronco pattorns on tho|r surtacos, wh|ch, |t was pos|tod, may bo tho phys|ca| bas|s tor tho ov|donco ot an oarth gr|d,' and ot tho
p|acomont ot anc|ont s|tos and tomp|os ovor thoso noda| po|nts. A s|m||ar c|a|m was mado by 1os|a tor h|s w|ro|oss transm|ss|on ot powor tac|||ty
on long ls|and ca||od Wardonc|ytto. Accord|ng to 1os|a, |n ordor tor h|s systom to work, |t was nocossary tor |t to gr|p tho oarth',
7. As 0r. Konstant|n Voy| a|so notod, many such tomp|os thomso|vos appoar to bo constructod |n tho|r d|mons|ons to bo natura| rosonators ot such
wavos. Voy| pos|tod that such tomp|os actua||y tunct|onod as a moans ot |nstantanoous rad|o commun|cat|ons by moans ot sca|ar wavos, us|ng tho
sons|t|vo mombranos ot s|aughtorod an|ma|s to rog|stor and moasuro tho pu|sos ot such wavos, and t|na||y,
8. As notod by 3r|t|sh rosoarchor |ayos, 0lA appoars to bo dos|gnod a|ong tho samo ||nos and pr|nc|p|os ot sacrod goomotry and tho hormot|c
codo. As such, 0lA |tso|t wou|d soom to bo a natura| rosonator ot such wavos.
2. 1he UnderlyIng PrIncIple
Exam|n|ng oach ot thoso o|ght po|nts, an obv|ous undor|y|ng phys|ca| pr|nc|p|o ot act|on |s |mp||od, wh|ch may bo roducod to throo compononts:
1. A|| act|on w|th|n tho phys|ca| mod|um ot spaco-t|mo |tso|t |s const|tutod ot |ong|tud|na| wavos ot compross|on and rarotact|on w|th|n |t,
2. 1hoso |n turn g|vo r|so to mattor, wh|ch |n tho torm ot p|anots and moro |mportant|y, stars (or rototlog p|osmo), aro natura| transducors ot such
wavos, and,
8. A systom ot such massos - |.o., a so|ar systom - w|||, |n |ts constant|y chang|ng dynam|cs, both rosonato to and |n turn g|vo ott an ovor-chang|ng
dynam|c and |ntortoronco pattorn or tomp|ato ot such wavos, torm|ng, porhaps, tho u|t|mato and now |ost sc|ont|t|c bas|s ot astro|ogy. ln th|s, s|nco
0lA wou|d soom to bo a natura| rosonator ot such |ntortoronco pattorns or tomp|atos, through |ong procoss ot obsorvat|on - tho proc|so c|a|m
mado tor astro|ogy |n anc|ont 3umor|a - |t may havo boon poss|b|o to prod|ct human rosponso, v|a 0lA, to such pattorns lo tbo oggrogoto, as
0owoy and 0ak|n suggostod, and as tho |nt|ux ot phys|c|sts w|th tho|r ana|yt|ca| mothods |nto oconom|cs and t|nanco |n tho |attor ha|t ot tho
twont|oth contury |mp||os.
b07
a. 1he Reasons |or the Banksters' AncIent AssocIatIons wIth the 1emple
Wo aro now, at |ast, |n a pos|t|on to soo why at |oast |n anc|ont t|mos ono t|nds tho pors|stont pattorn ot tho prosonco ot bu|||on brokors' or
bankstors' w|th tho tomp|o, tor w|th tho astro|og|ca| and oracu|ar prooccupat|ons ot thoso tomp|os, th|s wou|d g|vo such a c|ass |mmod|ato accoss
to
1. proolctloo, |.o., advanco know|odgo ot cyc|os ot human act|v|ty and omot|ona| rosponsos,
2. commoolcotloo, tor |t Voy|'s hypothos|s shou|d bo borno out by subsoquont sc|ont|t|c |nvost|gat|on and oxpor|mont, accoss to tho tomp|o wou|d
havo g|von thom accoss to a moans ot v|rtua||y |nstantanoous commun|cat|on across a groat part ot tho wor|d's surtaco,
8. 1h|s |n turn wou|d havo thus attordod thom a moans to concortod and coord|natod act|v|ty and soclo| moolpo|otloo, a coord|nat|on wo saw was
strong|y suggostod by tho bu|||on po||c|os ot anc|ont lomo v|s-a-v|s tho |ar East, and t|na||y,
4. lt ono assumos tho truthtu|noss ot tho sconar|o ot an anc|ont and cosm|c war out||nod at tho bog|nn|ng ot chaptor ono, accoss to tho ros|duos ot th|s
|ost sc|onco v|a a c|oso assoc|at|on w|th tho anc|ont tomp|o wou|d havo a|so g|von tho bankstors tho moans, u|t|mato|y, to rocovor ooo rocoostroct
tho tochno|og|os ot hogomony and mass dostruct|on that aro |mp||od by that sconar|o, tochno|og|os wh|ch |n turn aro basod on oxact|y tho samo
typo or parad|gm ot phys|cs.
lt w||| bo ov|dont trom tho torogo|ng ||st that th|s pattorn has pors|stod |nto modorn t|mos, w|tnoss on|y tho c|oso assoc|at|on ot Vorgan w|th 1os|a,
and Vorgan's ovontua| sopprossloo ot 1os|a. 1horo aro count|oss othor such oxamp|os, ot courso: l11's suppross|on ot lh||o |arnsworth's
succosstu| p|asma tus|on oxpor|monts, tho suppross|on ot 0r. lona|d l|chtor's tus|on' oxpor|monts |n Argont|na,
b08
and on and on tho ||st cou|d
go. 1ho samo pattorn ho|ds, as wo||, dur|ng tho |ntor|m' por|od botwooo anc|ont and modorn t|mos, tor dur|ng that por|od, ono t|nds tho pors|stont
|ntorost ot tho roya| housos |n Europo |n o|cbomy, tho ab|||ty to transmuto baso mota|s |nto go|d. 1ho roasons aro now ov|dont, tor tho pr|vato
|ssuanco ot tho tacs|m||o ot monoy as an |ntorost-boar|ng dobt noto took trom thom tho most anc|ont prorogat|vo ot govornmonts and k|ngs: tho
|ssuanco ot dobt-troo monoy on tho product|vo output ot tho stato.
1ho mot|vat|ons aro c|oar onough trom tho pbyslcs, tor at ono and tho samo t|mo tho bankstors woro try|ng to rocovor that anc|ont phys|cs, and
w|th |t, tho gonu|no t|nanc|a| a|chomy ot stato-croatod monoy. 1ho bankstors, tor tho|r part, aro a|so tound dur|ng tho |ntor|m por|od, and at both tho
modorn and anc|ont po|os ot tho story, rosort|ng to a k|nd ot ta|so a|chomy ot dobt, a k|nd ot nogat|vo t|nanc|a| |ntormat|on,' wh||o thoy aro
s|mu|tanoous|y and vory qu|ot|y tund|ng corta|n sc|ont|sts who ho|d tho prom|so ot un|ock|ng that anc|ont phys|cs. W|tnoss on|y lsaac lowton's
prooccupat|ons w|th a|chomy, h|s momborsh|p |n tho Vason|ca||y contro||od and |nsp|rod loya| 3oc|oty, and tho c|oso connoct|on ot a|| thoso
part|os w|th tho 0utch bankors that qu|ot|y and qu|ck|y assumod contro| ot Eng|and's monoy.
b00
3. 1he PossIble Agenda
1ho carotu| roador w||| havo not|cod an |mmod|ato |mp||cat|on ot tho prov|ous cons|dorat|ons, and that |s that, as tar back as anc|ont t|mos, tho
pors|stont agonda ot tho bankstor c|ass, tho |ntornat|ona| bu|||on brokors,' has boon coord|natod act|on that a|mod at a g|oba| roach, w|th ovor
|argor and |argor omp|ros bo|ng croatod, provok|ng ovor moro wars, and ovor moro bus|noss tor thomso|vos. And thus wo ond whoro wo bogan, |n
modorn t|mos, and tho pors|stont and cons|stont ov|donco that th|s c|ass |s tru|y attor a g|oba| hogomony. As 0av|d Ast|o po|ntod out and as was
rov|owod |n chaptor t|vo, th|s hogomony qu|ck|y, and vory oar|y |n |ts h|story, roa||zod that a|| anc|ont panthoons and myths woro moro or |oss
|dont|ca|, and thus that ro||g|on |tso|t not on|y ho|d protound c|uos to tho roconstruct|on ot tho |ost sc|onco thoy sought to rocovor, but that |t cou|d
tunct|on as a powortu| too| ot soc|a| man|pu|at|on to ass|st |n that agonda. lot tor noth|ng doos ono t|nd a lockoto||or dynasty support|ng tho work
and agonda ot tho Wor|d Counc|| ot Churchos trom |ts |ncopt|on, or ot var|ous som|nar|os w|th a su|tab|o' soc|a| agonda, nor a lothsch||d dynasty
sponsor|ng var|ous s|m||ar work. ln th|s, monotho|sm' roa||y masks as a tront tor tho|r own dos|gns, w|th tho c|a|ms ot tho throo groat monotho|st|c
ro||g|ons - Chr|st|an|ty, 1uda|sm, and ls|am - soom|ng|y ta||or-mado tor tho man|pu|at|on and oxp|o|tat|on ot cont||ct.
3ut to what ond a|| th|s mach|nat|on?
Wh||o many havo guossod at tho mot|vat|ons tor th|s vast and anc|ont consp|racy, no ono sooms to havo approachod anyth|ng ||ko a t|na| answor.
l corta|n|y cannot c|a|m to havo dono so o|thor. 3ut an answor ooos suggost |tso|t trom tho procod|ng pagos, namo|y, that thoy aro |ndood try|ng to
roconstruct a |ost myth|ca| past: a g|oba| go|don ago' w|th a supromo|y soph|st|catod sc|onco w|th wh|ch thoy can dom|nato and subjugato tho
oarth. 3ut to roconstruct |t, on tho sca|o roqu|rod and |mp||od by tho|r ontorpr|so |tso|t, w||| roqu|ro that v|rtua||y tho ont|ro p|anot and |ts rosourcos
must bo at tho|r d|sposa|.
What thoy |ntond to do attor that |s boyond tho scopo and purposo ot th|s ossay, but an answor doos suggost |tso|t, tor |t, as was soon, at |oast
ono ot thoso bank|ng dynast|os - tho lothsch||ds - aro a||ogod to traco tho|r ||noago back to l|mrod, ha|t-human ha|t-d|v|no ottspr|ng ot tho
gods' who onco doscondod to oarth and s|rod ch||dron ot human mothors, thon porhaps thoy sook, u|t|mato|y, to roturn to tho stars.
3ut..
.trac|ng that ||noago, and that mot|vat|on, |s a who|o otbor story.
|or tbls story, howovor, tho |osson |s c|oar: tho ta|so a|chomy ot tho bankstors and tho|r |ssuanco ot tho tacs|m||o ot monoy can on|y moan that
monoy |s basod on scorclty ooo oobt, on non-ronowab|o onorgy sourcos, and on a parad|gm ot phys|cs and onorgy, and a systom that must
u|t|mato|y consumo |tso|t |n ond|oss s|avory and wars.
lt |s h|gh t|mo to havo dono w|th thom.
B|BL|OCRAPEY
lo Author. Econophys|cs,' on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/Econophys|cs

lo author. Edward l. 0owoy,' W|k|pod|a, on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/|oundat|on _tor_tho_3tudy_ot_Cyc|os

lo author. |ormann 1osot Abs,' movorsandshakorsotthosmom.b|ogspot.com/2008/08/hormann-abs.htm|

lo author. lCA Astro|ogy,' 7lmo, Vonday, Apr|| 10, 10b1, www.t|mo.com/magaz|no/art|c|o/0,0171,814720,00.htm|

lo author. www.cyc|os||brary.org/synchron|os/

lo author. 1os|a's W|ro|oss 1orpodo: lnvontor 3ays |o 0|d 3how that |t Workod lortoct|y,' NowYork 7lmos, Varch 10, 1007.

Vr. 1os|a's lnvont|on: |ow tho E|octr|c|an's lamp ot A|add|n Vay Construct low Wor|ds,' NowYork 7lmos, Apr|| 21, 1008.

lo Author. Earth Gr|d 1hoor|os,' www.vortoxmaps.com/dov||s-tr|ang|o.php

A|tvon, |annos. Ex|stonco ot E|octromagnot|c-|ydrodynam|c Wavos,' Notoro, lo. 880b, Octobor 8, 1042, pp. 40b-400.

A|tvon, |annos. On ||orarch|ca| Cosmo|ogy,' Astropbyslcs ooo 5poco 5clooco, vo|. 80. 3oston: 0. lo|do|, 1088.

Ast|o, 0av|d. 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, o||hn.ooo.gr. lo dato.

3ohm, 0av|d. bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor. london: lout|odgo, 100b. l33l 0-41b-11000-0.

3rzoz|nsk|, Zb|gn|ow. 7bo Orooo Cbossbooro. Amorlcoo Prlmocy ooo lts Ooostrotoglc lmporotlvos. 3as|c 3ooks, 1007. l33l 078-0-40b-02720-
2.

3rown, E||on |odgson, 1.0. ob o Lobt. 7bo 5bocklog 7rotb oboot Oor Voooy 5ystom ooo lowo Coo Brook lroo. 3aton lougo: 1h|rd
V|||onn|um lross, 2008. l33l 078-0-070b008-2-8.

Ch||dross, 0av|d |atchor, od. 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o. Kompton, l|||no|s: Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 1008. l33l 0-082818-10-
4.

Copo, |rooman A. Ev|donco trom Act|vat|on Enorg|os tor 3upor-conduct|vo 1unno||ng |n 3|o|og|ca| 3ystoms at lhys|o|og|ca| 1omporaturos.'
Pbyslo|oglco| Cbomlstry ooo Pbyslcs 8 (1071), 408-410.

0awson, Chr|stophor. 7bo Ago o tbo Ooos. london, 1028.

0o| Var, A|oxandor, Borboro Vl||lors. A llstory o Voootory Crlmos. |ono|u|u: Un|vors|ty lross ot tho lac|t|c, 2004. l33l 1-4102-1102-0.

0o| Var, A|oxandor. A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot. Koss|ngor lub||cat|ons ropr|nt ot Goorgo
3o|| and 3ons, 188b. l33l 0-7001-0024-2.

0o| Var, A|oxandor. A llstory o Voootory 5ystoms. |ono|u|u: Un|vors|ty lross ot tho lac|t|c, 2000. l33l 0-8087b-002-8.

0o| Var, A|oxandor. A llstory o tbo Procloos Voto|s rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot. E||bron C|ass|cs, 200b. l33l 1-4021-7802-4.

0osborough, 3r|an. 7boy Cost No 5booows. A Co||octloo o Essoys oo tbo l||omlootl, Rovlsloolst llstory, ooo 5opprossoo 7ocboo|oglos. 3an
1oso, Ca||torn|a: Wr|tors C|ub lross, 2002.

0owoy, Edward l., and Edw|n |. 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo. |onry |o|t and Company, 1047. (lopr|ntod by Koss|ngor lub||sh|ng.)
l33l 1480710210.

Estu||n, 0an|o|. 7bo 7roo 5tory o tbo Bl|oorborg Oroop. Wa|torv|||o, Orogon: 1r|no0ay llC, 2007. l33l 078-0-07770b8-4-b.

|arro||, 1osoph l. 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts. Kompton, l|||no|s: Advonturos Un||m|tod lross,
2000. l33l 078-10818827b0.

|arro||, 1osoph l. 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|. 7bo Nozls` 5ocrot Postwor P|oo to Cootro| lloooco, Coo|lct, Pbyslcs, ooo 5poco. Kompton, l|||no|s:
Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2008. l33l 078-1081882084.

|arro||, 1osoph l. 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor. 7bo Amorlcoo Oo|o,' 7bo 5ovlot Vorcory,'
ooo 7bo Nozl 5orom.' lort 1ownsond, Wash|ngton: |ora| |ouso, 2000. l33l 078-1082b0b400.

|rank, 1onnoy. An Econom|c ||story ot lomo.' 7bo Amorlcoo llstorlco| Rovlow, vo|. 21, 1u|y 21, 1010.

Govor, lobort. 7lmo ooo Voooy. 7bo Ecooomy ooo tbo P|ooots. 1|tusv|||o, low 1orsoy: |opowo|| lub||cat|ons, llC, 200b. l33l 0-0720000-8-0.

|ayos, V|chao|. 7bo lormotlc Cooo lo LNA. 7bo 5ocroo Prloclp|os lo tbo Oroorlog o tbo Uolvorso. lochostor, vormont: lnnor 1rad|t|ons, 2008.
l33l 078-1b0477218-4.

|or|, 3osh. 7bo loooprlot o At|os. 7bo Artllclo| Axls o tbo Eortb ooo lowlt 5bopoo lomoo Lostloy. ||gh|and, Ca||torn|a: Corvos 3ooks, lost
Cont|nont l|brary lub||sh|ng Co., 2008.

|oag|and, l|chard C. loog|ooo`s Vors. Vo|. 2. 7bo Uoltoo Notloos Brlolog. (U|O 1v 0v0).

Kunz, Goorgo |rodor|ck. 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos. 0ovor, 1071. l33l 0-480-22227-0.

lav|o|otto, lau| A., lh.0. 5ocrots o Aotlgrovlty Propo|sloo. 7os|o, UlOs, ooo C|osslloo Aorospoco 7ocboo|ogy. lochostor, vormont: 3oar 8
Company, 2008. l33l 078-1b0148078-0.

lornor, Er|c 1. 7bo Blg Boog Novor loppoooo. low York: v|ntago 3ooks, 1002.

lockyor, 1. lorman. 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy. A 5tooy o 7omp|o orsblp ooo Vytbo|ogy o tbo Aocloot Egyptloos. V|noo|a, low York: 0ovor
lub||cat|ons. l33l 0-480-4b012-0.

Vann|ng, lau|. Vortlo Bormooo. Nozl lo Exl|o. ly|o 3tuart, lnc., 1081.

Varrs, 1|m. 7bo Rlso o tbo loortb Rolcb. 7bo 5ocrot 5oclotlos tbot 7brootoo to 7oko Ovor Amorlco. low York: Wm. Vorrow (|arporCo|||ns),
2008. l33l 078-0-00-124bb8-0.

Voy|, Konstant|n, lrot. 0r. 5co|or ovos. v||||ngon-3chwonn|ngon, Gormany, 2008. l33l 8-0802-b42-4-0.

V||or, 0r. |armut. An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory.' Noxos, vo|. 11, lo. b, 3optombor-Octobor 2004.

lo|son, 1.|. l|anotary los|t|on Ettoct on 3hort-Wavo 3|gna| Oua||ty.' E|octrlco| Eoglooorlog, Vay 10b2.

lo|son, 1.|. 3hortwavo lad|o lropagat|on Corro|at|on W|th l|anotary los|t|ons.' Contoronco papor prosontod to tho AlEE 3ubcomm|ttoo on
Enorgy 3ourcos, AlEE Gonora| W|ntor Voot|ng, 1anuary 10b2.

l|cho|son, O||vor. 1os|a W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ttor and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,' promothous.a|.ru/ong||sh/ph|s|k/on|cho|son/tunguska

lork|ns, 1ohn. Cooossloos o oo Ecooomlc llt Voo. low York: l|umo 3ooks (longu|n Group), 2000. l33l 078-0-4b2-28708-2.

Ou|g|oy, Carro||. 7bo Aog|o-Amorlcoo Estob|lsbmoot. lrom Rbooos to C|lvoooo. 3an lodro, Ca||torn|a: G3G and Assoc|atos, lub||shors, 1081.
l33l 0-04b001-01-0

Ou|g|oy, Carro||: 7rogooy ooo lopo. A llstory o tbo or|o lo Oor 7lmo. los Ango|os: Wm. Vorr|son, 1074. l33l 0018022-14-4.

3a|mon, |o||x. A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor.' lroo, Varch 2000.

3pr|ngmo|or, |r|tz. B|ooo|loos o tbo l||omlootl. Ambassador |ouso, 2002. l33l 0-0008b88-2-8.

3tovons, |onry. llt|or`s 5opprossoo ooo 5tl||-5ocrot oopoos, 5clooco, ooo 7ocboo|ogy. Kompton, l|||no|s: Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 200b.

1arp|oy, Wobstor. lord la|morston's Vu|t|cu|tura| |uman Zoo.' www.ma||-arch|vo.com/ctr|Q||stsorv.ao|.com/msg178b7.htm|

1arp|oy, Wobstor. von|co's War Aga|nst Wostorn C|v|||zat|on.' www.sch|||or|nst|tuto.org/t|d_01-00/0b2_von|co.htm|

1os|a, l|ko|a. 1os|a's low 0ov|co l|ko 3o|ts ot 1hor: |o 3ooks to latont a W|ro|oss Eng|no tor 0ostroy|ng lav|os by lu|||ng a lovor, to 3hattor
Arm|os A|so.' NowYork 7lmos, 0oc. 8, 101b.

1omos, lay. 1owards a Un|t|od 1hoory ot Cyc|os.' lapor prosontod at 1ho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os Contoronco lrocood|ngs, |obruary
1000, www.cyc|osrosoarch|nst|tuto.org

Wo|dnor, 1ay and 3r|dgos, v|ncont. 7bo Vystorlos o tbo Oroot Cross o looooyo. A|cbomy ooo tbo Eoo o 7lmo. lochostor, vormont: 0ost|ny
3ooks, 2008.
FERAL EOu5E
1
C|tod |n |o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, p. 112.
2
1osoph l. |arro||, 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor (|ora| |ouso, 2000), p. 887, omphas|s addod.
8
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, pp. 78-70.
4
lb|d., p. 78.
b
lb|d.
0
lb|d. Wh||o 3a|mon doos not mont|on |t, |t shou|d bo notod that tho Canad|an lmpor|a| 3ank ot Commorco has t|os to tho lothsch||d bank|ng
|ntorosts, somo ot whoso d|roctors havo |ator workod tor tho Cl3C.
7
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000.
8
lb|d., p. 77.
0
lb|d., pp. 77-78.
10
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, 74-70, 112, p. 78, omphas|s addod.
11
lb|d., omphas|s addod.
12
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, 74-70, 112, p. 78, omphas|s addod.
18
lb|d.
14
lb|d., pp. 78-70.
1b
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, 74-70, 112, p. 70, |ta||c|zod omphas|s addod, bo|d omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
10
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, 74-70, 112, p. 70, |ta||c|zod omphas|s addod, bo|d omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
17
lb|d., p. 112.
18
lb|d.
10
|o||x 3a|mon, A |ormu|a tor 0|sastor,' lroo, Varch 2000, 74-70, 112, p. 112.
20
O.v. |r|tz 3pr|ngmo|or, B|ooo|loos o tbo l||omlootl (Ambassador |ouso, 2002), pp. 108-18b.
21
www.abso|utoastronomy.com/top|cs/Canad|an_lmpor|a|_3ank_ot_Commorco. 1h|s wobs|to a|so c|oar|y |mp||catos tho Cl3C |n tho Enron scanda|.
22
3pr|ngmo|or, op. c|t., pp. 104-10b.
28
lb|d., p. 170.
24
3pr|ngmo|or, op. c|t., p. 170.
2b
lb|d. l2 Vasonry rotors to tho notor|ous lodgo lropaganda 0uo, |od by Vason l|c|o Go|||, that was t|na||y oxposod by tho lta||an govornmont |n tho
1080s. 3y tho t|mo tho lta||an author|t|os had shut tho |odgo down, |t numborod ovor two thousand mombors, w|th doop ponotrat|on |nto bank|ng, tho
lta||an govornmont, var|ous lta||an po||t|ca| part|os, and tho vat|can. Vany who rogard tho doath ot lopo 1ohn lau| l as susp|c|ous th|nk that tho
lopo was murdorod proc|so|y bocauso ho d|scovorod tho oxtont ot Vason|c l2 ponotrat|on ot tho vat|can and was dotorm|nod to root |t out and
ond |t. (O.v. 0av|d Ya||op's lo Ooo`s Nomo.) Vany a|so suspoct that tho strango doath ot bankor loborto Ca|v|, hung by tho nock trom london's
3|acktr|ars' 3r|dgo, and |n so|t-ov|dont|y Vason|c tash|on, was a|so t|od to tho l2 scanda|. A|so prom|nont |n tho lodgo woro var|ous lta||an and
othor |asc|sts. lot surpr|s|ng|y, l|c|o Go|||, |ts toundor, t|od to Argont|na attor tho |odgo was oxposod.
20
E||on |odgson 3rown, ob o Lobt. 7bo 5bocklog 7rotb oboot Oor Voooy 5ystom ooo lowo Coo Brook lroo (3aton lougo, lou|s|ana:
2008), pp. 2b4-2bb.
27
|odgson, ob o Lobt, p. 220.
28
|odgson, ob o Lobt, p. 288.
20
3oo, tor oxamp|o, tho som|na| work and rosoarch ot Anthony 3utton, o|| 5troot ooo tbo Rlso o llt|or.
80
|odgson, ob o Lobt, p. 280.
81
3. Zar|onga, 7bo Lost 5clooco o Voooy (va|at|o, low York: 2002), p. b00, c|tod |n |odgson, ob o Lobt, p. 281.
82
lb|d.
88
1h|s story l havo dota||od |n my prov|ous books Rolcb o tbo B|ock 5oo, 7bo 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o (Advonturos
Un||m|tod lross), and 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo (|ora| |ouso).
84
|or th|s po|nt, soo my Rolcb o tbo B|ock 5oo, pp. 101-180, and 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, part tour.
8b
3. Zar|onga, 7bo Lost 5clooco o Voooy (va|at|o, low York: 2002), p. b00, c|tod |n |odgson, ob o Lobt, p. 281.
80
|or tho stor|os ot th|s pursu|t, and tho buroaucrac|os thoy omp|acod to pursuo |t, soo my 7bo 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, Advonturos Un||m|tod
lross (200b), 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, Advonturos Un||m|tod lross (2007), 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|, Advonturos Un||m|tod lross (2008), and
7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, |ora| |ouso (2000).
87
3oo my 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|. 7bo Nozls` Postwor P|oo to Cootro| lloooco, Coo|lct, Pbyslcs, ooo 5poco, Advonturos Un||m|tod lross (2008),
pp. 240-8b0.
88
3oo my 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts, Advonturos Un||m|tod lross (2000).
80
Carro|| Ou|g|oy, 7rogooy ooo lopo. A llstory o tbo or|o lo Oor 7lmo, p. b4.
40
|or tho story ot th|s vory anc|ont cosm|c war, soo my 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts (Advonturos
Un||m|tod, 2000).
41
Estu||n, op. c|t., pp. 10-20.
42
3oo my 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo| (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2000), pp. 800-801.
48
lb|d., pp. 240-8b0.
44
var|ous authors and rosoarchors havo not|cod th|s po|nt, tho most prom|nont among thom bo|ng l|ck Cook |n h|s 7bo loot or Zoro Polot, and
V|chao| 3chratt, |n an oxco||ont 0v0 prosontat|on ont|t|od 7bot`s C|osslloo. U5Al 5ocrots Rovoo|oo (V|chao| 3chratt, Crysta| lako, l|||no|s).
4b
l co|nod tho torm pa|ooanc|ont' |n my t|rst book, 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, to donoto tho oxtromo ant|qu|ty ot th|s vory ||gh C|v|||zat|on, prodat|ng tho
known c|ass|ca| c|v|||zat|ons ot Egypt, 3umor, tho vod|c c|v|||zat|on, and Ch|na.
40
Estu||n, op. c|t., pp. ||, 0-7, 10-17.
47
lb|d., pp. 10-11.
48
lb|d., p. z|v.
40
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 10.
b0
lb|d., p. x|v.
b1
Estu||n, op. c|t., pp. 22-28. Estu||n ||sts U.3. 3ocrotary ot 0otonso W||||am lorry, Canad|an 1oan Chrot|on, tho ub|qu|tous and s|n|stor |onry
K|ss|ngor, 0av|d lockoto||or, Goorgo 3oros, and var|ous 3o|g|an, 3pan|sh, and 0utch roya|ty as attondoos at tho 1000 moot|ng that attomptod to
broak up Canada. O.v. p. b. Estu||n g|vos a turthor ||st ot namos on pp. 28-20. 1ho broakup ot Canada was to bo accomp||shod v|a tho mochan|sm
ot a un||atora| doc|arat|on ot |ndopondonco by Ouoboc' wh|ch wou|d thon, to||ow|ng tho tragmontat|on ot Canada, bo absorbod p|ocomoa| by tho
U.3.A. by tho yoar 2000 (pp. 4-b). 1ho contompt ot tho 3||dorborgors tor tho porcopt|ons ot tho gonora| popu|aco - porcopt|ons thoy ho|p to croato
and man|pu|ato by tho|r mod|a organs - cannot bottor bo |||ustratod than by th|s gooty schomo, tor ono cannot |mag|no |ronch-spoak|ng
Ouoboco|s tar|ng any bottor |n a un|on w|th tho U.3.A. than thoy havo w|th tho 0om|n|on ot Canada, and probab|y wou|d taro much worso.
b2
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 88.
b8
lb|d., pp. 20-27.
b4
3y t|nanco' l moan honcotorth tho |nst|tut|ons, part|cu|ar|y tho contra| pr|vato banks such as tho |odora| losorvo, tho 3ank ot Eng|and, otc., that
havo |n pr|vato hands tho powor to croato tho oconom|c mod|um ot oxchango, dobt |nstrumonts, crod|t |nstrumonts, and so on.
bb
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 27.
b0
lb|d.
b7
lb|d., p. 80.
b8
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 2b.
b0
lb|d., pp. 80-81.
00
lb|d., p. 20.
01
Estu||n, op. c|t., 20.
02
lb|d., p. 27.
08
C|tod |n Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 28.
04
lb|d., pp. 28-24.
0b
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 08, omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
00
lb|d., pp. 41-48.
07
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 24.
08
lb|d., pp. 8-0.
00
lb|d., p. 142.
70
C|tod |n Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 01.
71
lb|d., p. 20.
72
lb|d., p. b0.
78
lb|d., pp. b0-b1.
74
lb|d., b0.
7b
3|m||ar groups, |.o., tho loya| lnst|tuto ot lntornat|ona| Atta|rs, or Chatham |ouso,' 1ho V||nor Group, tho Counc|| on |oro|gn lo|at|ons, tho
1r||atora| Comm|ss|on, and so on.
70
Estu||n, op. c|t., p.44.
77
Estu||n, op. c|t., pp. 44-4b.
78
Estu||n, op. c|t., p. 0b.
70
Estu||n mont|ons tho caso ot tho oconom|c rapo ot Argont|na by tho bankstors, tor tho s|mp|o roason that nuc|oar Argont|na was supp|y|ng much ot
Vox|co's own onorgy roqu|romonts, and do|ng so w|thout go|ng through tho o|| sp|gots contro||od by tho Group and |ts o||mon. O.v. p. 4b.
80
1h|s act|vo suppross|on and |ts connoct|on to tho bank|ng |ntorost w||| bo oxp|orod moro tu||y |n subsoquont chaptors.
81
3oo 1|m Varrs, 7bo Rlso o tbo loortb Rolcb. 7bo 5ocrot 5oclotlos tbot 7brootoo to 7oko Ovor Amorlco, p. 48.
82
Estu||n, op. c|t., pp. 200-201. Estu||n actua||y roproducos tho 3||dorborgor documonts on thoso pagos. |or Abs' momborsh|p |n tho 3ovoro|gn
V|||tary Ordor ot Va|ta (3VOV) and d|roctorsh|p on tho board ot l.G. |arbon, 0a|m|or, and 3|omons, soo
http://movorsandshakorsotthosmom.b|ogspot.com/2008/08/hormann-abs.htm|, p. 2.
88
http://movorsandshakorsotthosmom.b|ogspot.com/2008/08/hormann-abs.htm|, p. 2.
84
|or tho story ot th|s moot|ng and |ts |mp||cat|ons, soo my Nozl lotorootlooo|. 7bo Nozls` Postwor P|oo to Cootro| lloooco, Coo|lct, Pbyslcs, ooo
5poco (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2008), pp. 08-88.
8b
1osoph l. |arro||, Nozl lotorootlooo|. 7bo Nozls` Postwor P|oo to Cootro| lloooco, Coo|lct, Pbyslcs, ooo 5poco (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross,
2008), p. 70.
80
Abs' oasy accoss to Wost Gorman Chanco||ors Konrad Adonauor, ludw|g Erhard, and Kurt Goorg K|os|ngor (a tormor mombor ot 0r. 1osot
Gbbo|s' lropaganda V|n|stry!) may account tor tho tact that 3ormann and h|s laz| lntornat|ona| woro such hot po||t|ca| top|cs tor Wost Gorman
po||t|c|ans and prosocutors. lndood, thoso prosocutors otton wou|d comp|a|n ot tho|r too||ng that somo h|ddon hand was d|roct|ng tho Wost Gorman
govornmont, and |nh|b|t|ng tho|r ottorts to br|ng 3ormann and othor top laz|s to just|co. Abs, g|von h|s c|oso contact botoro, dur|ng, and attor tho
war, may havo |ndood boon tho go-botwoon botwoon 3ormann and tho postwar Gorman govornmonts.
87
Etsu||n, op. c|t., p. 20.
88
lau| Vann|ng, Vortlo Bormooo. Nozl lo Exl|o (ly|o 3tuart, lnc. 1081), p. 204.
80
Vann|ng , Vortlo Bormooo. Nozl lo Exl|o, pp. 204-20b, omphas|s addod.
00
|arro||, 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo| (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2008), pp. 802-804.
01
1|m Varrs, 7bo Rlso o tbo loortb Rolcb. 7bo 5ocrot 5oclotlos tbot 7brootoo to 7oko Ovor Amorlco (W||||am Vorrow, 2008), pp. 21b-210.
02
3oo my Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 04-00, 82-88, 170-177.
08
lot to mont|on tho b|ackma|| potont|a| ottorod by tho dotonto doa|' |tso|t!
04
3oo my Rolcb o tbo B|ock 5oo, pp. 00-107, 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 144-148, 170-171.
0b
3oo my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 170-171.
00
3oo my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 141-808, and 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, pp. 288-288.
07
3oo my 7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 8b-180, 848-8b0, 882.
08
lb|d., pp. 240-274.
00
lb|d, pp. 27b-8b0, part|cu|ar|y pp. 810-817, 848.
100
lb|d., pp. 278-208.
101
W|tkowsk|, 7bo 7rotb Aboot tbo oooorwoo, p. 200,
102
3oo my 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, pp. 200-812.
108
Yot anothor tactor |s worth cons|dor|ng |n th|s rospoct, and that |s my |ntorprotat|on ot tho loswo|| ovont on tho bas|s ot tho |ntorna| ov|donco ot tho
V1-12 documonts as hav|ng boon porhaps tho crash ot somoth|ng Nozl. (O.v. my Rolcb o tbo B|ock 5oo, pp. 274-880, and 7bo 55 Brotborbooo
o tbo Bo||, pp. 811-884.) lt th|s bo truo, thon tho lorth Amor|can |act|on, through tho agoncy ot |ts surrogato, tho U.3. govornmont and m|||tary, had
yot anothor c|uo |nd|cat|ng tho postwor laz| possoss|on ot th|s phys|cs, and |ts cont|nuod dovo|opmont ot |t. As such, |t had yot anothor |mpotus to
sook and rocovor as much ot tho or|g|na| laz| documontat|on and porsonno| as |t cou|d, and, ta|||ng that, to ombark on |ts own programs to acqu|ro
tho phys|cs and tochno|ogy tor |tso|t.
104
|or tho 3ov|ot |ntorost, soo my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 208-280, and 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo (|ora| |ouso, 2000), soct|on tour, tor tho
Amor|can pursu|t, soo lau| A. lav|o|otto's oxco||ont study ot ott-tho-books projocts |n ant|grav|ty t|o|d propu|s|on |n tho U.3.A., 5ocrots o
Aotlgrovlty Propo|sloo. 7os|o, UlOs, ooo C|osslloo Aorospoco 7ocboo|ogy (3oar 8 Co., 2008), pp. 42-2b0.
10b
As yot anothor s|gn that th|s may bo tho caso, ono shou|d a|so cons|dor tho a||ogat|on ot authors l|chard C. |oag|and and V|ko 3ara |n tho|r Now
York 7lmos bostso||or, Lork Vlssloo. 7bo 5ocrot llstory o NA5A, whoro|n thoy prosont ov|donco that by tho t|mo ot tho Apo||o |unar m|ss|ons, tho
laz| tact|on had bocomo tho dom|nant and most |nt|uont|a| group w|th|n tho Agoncy, compot|ng aga|nst tho othor two tact|ons: Vag|c|ans, and
Vasons, both groups w|th strong t|os to tho Ang|o-Amor|can ostab||shmont.
100
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo (Koss|ngor lub||sh|ng: ropr|nt ot tho |onry and |o|t Company book ot tho samo t|t|o, 1047),
p. 28.
107
Edward l. 0owoy,' W|k|pod|a, on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/|oundat|on_tor_tho_3tudy_ot_Cyc|os , p. 1.
108
lb|d.
100
toundat|ontorthostudyotcyc|os.org p. 1, omphas|s addod.
110
Edward l . 0owoy and Edw|n |. 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo (low York: |onry |o|t and Company, 1047. lopr|nt by Koss|ngor
lub||sh|ng ). l33V 1480710210.
111
lb|d., pp. 12-18.
112
lb|d., pp. 14-1b.
118
lb|d., pp. 10-17.
114
lb|d., pp. 24-2b.
11b
lb|d., pp. 20-27.
110
lb|d., pp. 82-88.
117
lb|d., pp. 80-41.
118
lb|d., pp. 44-4b.
110
lb|d., pp. 40-47.
120
lb|d., p. b8.
121
lb|d., pp. b4-bb.
122
lb|d., p. b0.
128
lb|d., pp. 80-81. |or tho d|scuss|on ot tho phonomonon ot tho b4-yoar cyc|o, soo pp. 00-80.
124
lb|d., pp. 80-00.
12b
lb|d., pp. 100-107, 110-111.
120
lb|d., pp. 118 - 110.
127
lb|d., pp. 120-121.
128
lb|d., p. 112-128.
120
lb|d., pp. 180-181.
180
On |ts wobs|to tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os statos that |t |s dod|catod to tho |ntord|sc|p||nary study ot t|nd|ng and ana|yz|ng rocurr|ng
pattorns. 1h|s |nc|udos tho oconomy, natura| and soc|a| sc|oncos, tho arts and moro as moro tboo 4,800 ootoro| cyc|os bovo booo oocomootoo
wltb lotorro|otoo pottoros.' Concorn|ng |ts m|ss|on |t statos that Our V|ss|on |s to d|scovor, undorstand ooo oxp|olo tbo troo ootoro ooo orlglo o
cyc|os, tboroby so|vlog tbo mystory o rocorroot rbytbmlc pbooomooo, as has boon troo ootoro ooo orlglo o cyc|os, tboroby so|vlog tbo mystory
o rocorroot rbytbmlc pbooomooo, as has boon obsorvod |n both tho natura| and soc|a| sc|oncos.' (Emphasos addod) 3y 2000, |t c|a|mod moro
than 2,b00 mombors |n 42 countr|os.' (www.toundat|ontorthostudyotcyc|os.org )
181
www.cyc|os||brary.org/synchron|os/pg_0004.htm
182
lb|d., omphas|s addod.
188
www.cyc|os||brary.org/synchron|os/pg_0004.htm
184
lt |s a|so worth paus|ng to mont|on anothor |ntorost|ng |mp||cat|on ot tho oconom|st ot V|tsub|sh| bo|ng prosont as a |oundat|on mombor. 3oarch as
l d|d tor tho prosonco ot s|m||ar mombors trom |argo |ntornat|ona| Ang|o-Amor|can or Europoan banks, l cou|d t|nd nono. 1h|s doos not moan thoro
aron't any, but that thoy may bo mombors whoso papors and momborsh|p |n tho |oundat|on aro not pub||shod or known. 3ut tho prosonco ot a
V|tsub|sh| oconom|st |s |ntorost|ng |n |ts own r|ght, tor Or|onta| soc|ot|os aro wo||-known to havo, trom tho|r vory oar||ost cu|tura| and ro||g|ous
or|g|ns, ossont|a||y cyc|lc v|ows ot h|story and honco ot human soc|a| act|v|ty. 1ho prosonco suggosts, thon, that thoy aro |ntont upon putt|ng
omp|r|ca| sc|ont|t|c and quant|t|ab|o data |n tho sorv|co ot rocovor|ng tho roa| sc|ont|t|c basos ot thoso anc|ont cosmo|og|ca| v|ows. ln short, thoy aro
do|ng what l ca||od pa|oophys|cs |n my vory t|rst book, 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor. (O.v. 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, chaptor throo. 1ho pa|oophys|ca| approach
to anc|ont toxts and myths was turthor dovo|opod |n 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, chaptors ono through throo, and |n 7bo Cosmlc or.
lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts, chaptors ono through n|no. 1h|s prosont book |s |ntondod to oxtond th|s ana|ys|s ovor
a broador rango ot data.)
18b
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. x||, omphas|s addod.
180
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. x|||.
187
lt |s worth not|ng that th|s connoct|on botwoon phys|cs and tho modo||ng ot soc|a| bohav|or |n tho aggrogato was not|cod by tho co|obratod and
tamous phys|c|st and sc|onco t|ct|on author, lsaac As|mov, |n h|s wo||-known (and porhaps not just co|nc|donta||y-namod) loooootloo tr||ogy.
188
lb|d., p. x|v.
180
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. xv.
140
lb|d., omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
141
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 0.
142
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 11.
148
lb|d., p. 18.
144
lb|d., p. 1b.
14b
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 1.
140
lb|d., p. b.
147
V||ton |r|odman and Vax 3asu|y, lov|ow ot Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo,' 1ooroo| o tbo Amorlcoo 5totlstlco| Assoclotloo (Varch 1048,
48 (241): 180-14b, c|tod |n Edward l . 0owoy,' lklpoolo, on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/|oundat|on_tor_tho_3tudy_ot_Cyc|os, p. 2.
148
Vurray lothbard, Voo, Ecooomy, ooo 5toto (lash lub||sh|ng Co., 1001), c|tod |n Edward l . 0owoy,' lklpoolo,
on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/|oundat|on_tor_tho_3tudy_ot_Cyc|os, p. 4.
140
O.v. tho d|scuss|on |n my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2002), pp. 120-184.
1b0
O.v. 0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. b0.
1b1
lb|d., p. 70.
1b2
lb|d., p. b0, bo|dtaco omphas|s addod, |ta||c|zod omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
1b8
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. b1, bo|dtaco omphas|s addod.
1b4
O.v. 0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, b0tt.
1bb
lb|d., p. b4tt.
1b0
lb|d., p. b7t.
1b7
lb|d., pp. b7-b0.
1b8
lb|d., p. 00.
1b0
lb|d.
100
lb|d., p. 70. lt |s |ntorost|ng to noto that 0owoy's and 0ak|n's b4-yoar who|osa|o pr|co cyc|o |ast d|ppod ca. 10b1-b4, and thon bogan tho noxt b4-
yoar por|od ot r|s|ng pr|cos, wh|ch wou|d put |ts poak ca. 200b-2008, proc|so|y dur|ng tho curront dor|vat|vos cr|s|s' and |ts |n|t|a| attormath, a sharp
doc||no |n pr|cos.
101
lb|d., p. 00.
102
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 78.
108
lb|d., pp. 00-01, c|t|ng 3chumpotor, Boslooss Cyc|os (VcGraw-||||, 1080), p. 178.
104
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 114.
10b
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, pp. 110-117, omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
100
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 140.
107
lb|d., p. 78.
108
lb|d., p. 70.
100
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, pp. 27-28, omphas|s addod.
170
lb|d., p. 101.
171
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 222, omphas|s addod.
172
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 1b8.
178
lb|d., p. 104.
174
O.v. my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, p. 118t.
17b
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 10b.
170
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, pp. 102-108, rotoronc|ng l.0. Ousponsky, 7ortlom Orgooom (A|trod A. Knopt, 1022), p.
0b, omphas|s addod by mo.
177
1h|s protound |ns|ght suggosts a connoct|on to tho v|ows on t|mo as a dotorm|nat|vo ot causo and ottoct ro|at|onsh|ps |n a hypor-d|mons|ona|
un|vorso, that ot tho thought ot luss|an astrophys|c|st 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov. O.v. my book 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot
Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor (|ora| |ouso, 2000), pp. 1b1-200.
178
|or th|s po|nt, soo tho d|scuss|on |n my book 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor, pp. 818-820.
170
1h|s |mp||os yot aga|n tho protund|ty ot tho tompora| rosoarch ot luss|an astrophys|c|st 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov. O.v. my 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo,
soct|on throo.
180
|or th|s po|nt, soo tho oxtondod d|scuss|on |n my 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts, pp. 284-278 .
181
0owoy and 0ak|n a|so mont|on 3o|| laborator|os' own |ndopondont study ot bus|noss and oconom|c cyc|os. O.v. Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o
Proolctloo, p. 102.
182
0owoy and 0ak|n c|to tho |nstanco ot Wr|g|oy and lockoto||or t|m|ng tho bu||d|ng ot |argo skyscrapors |n Ch|cago and low York C|ty to tho bottom
ot a cyc|o, just whon tho ovora|| trond was schodu|od to go up aga|n. O.v. p. 122.
188
1ay Wo|dnor and v|ncont 3r|dgos, 7bo Vystorlos o tbo Oroot Cross o looooyo. A|cbomy ooo tbo Eoo o 7lmo (lochostor, vormont: 0ost|ny
3ooks, 2008), p. 41.
184
0r. |artmut V||or, An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory,' Noxos, vo|. 11, lo. b, 3optombor-Octobor 2004, p. 40. 3oo a|so tho d|scuss|on |n
my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 200b), pp. 118-128.
18b
lb|d., p. 40.
180
|or a d|scuss|on ot two othor phys|c|sts |ncroas|ng|y d|sonchantod w|th tho countor|ntu|t|vo naturo ot contomporary standard phys|ca| mochan|cs,
soo my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, pp. 180-1b0, tor a d|scuss|on ot tho v|ows ot phys|c|st 0r. lau| lav|o|otto and h|s sub-quantum k|not|cs
thoory,' and my 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor (|ora| |ouso, 2000), pp. 1b1-200 tor a d|scuss|on
ot tho tors|on rosoarch ot luss|an astrophys|c|st 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov, who was s|m||ar|y d|sonchantod w|th tho rosu|ts ot ro|at|v|ty thoory tor tho
modo||ng ot tho onorgy ot stars, and w|th quantum mochan|cs tor |ts |nab|||ty to g|vo torma||y oxp||c|t and ooglooorob|o dot|n|t|ons ot causo and
ottoct. Kozyrov's work, as out||nod by myso|t and othors, |od d|roct|y to tho k|nd ot procursor ong|noor|ng' ot coosos rathor than oocts |n tho top
socrot rosoarch ot tho 3ov|ot Un|on, rosoarch wh|ch has cont|nuod apaco |n tho luss|an |odorat|on.
187
V||or, An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory,' Noxos, vo|. 11, lo. b, p. 40.
188
lb|d.
180
lb|d., omphas|s addod.
100
V||or, An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory,' Noxos, p. 40.
101
lb|d., p. b0, omphas|s addod.
102
lb|d.
108
V||or, An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory,' Noxos, p. b0, omphas|s addod.
104
|arro||, 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, p. 120.
10b
And th|s obsorvat|on ot courso, ca||s to m|nd onco aga|n tho hypor-d|mons|ona| thoory ot V||or's to||ow countryman 3urkhardt |o|m, as wo|| as tho
v|ows ot Eng||sh phys|c|st E.1. Wh|ttakor and Amor|can 1om 3oardon. ln |o|m thoory, tho phys|ca| mod|um, or spaco-t|mo |tso|t, bog|ns |n a stato
ot abso|uto ontropy or oqu|||br|um. Evon |n that stato, howovor, |t |s quant|zod, w|th tho motr|c ot tho systom bo|ng oxprossod as a s|ng|o un|t va|uo,
or motron.' As |ntormat|on |ncroasos |n tho systom, tho motron corrospond|ng|y |s d|v|dod, or docroasos. 3|m||ar|y, as |ntormat|on |ncroasos, th|s
|s oxprossod as a quant|zod rotat|on momont' tor a part|cu|ar aroa ot spaco. 1hus, |o|m's v|ow ot spaco possossos corta|n nodos or |att|co-||ko
structuros, and |s thus commonsurato w|th a v|ow ot spaco-t|mo as a |att|co-||ko structuro ot |ong|tud|na| wavos |n tho mod|um |tso|t. ln a nutsho||,
spaco-t|mo appoars to c|ump' around corta|n noda| po|nts |n that |ong|tud|na| wavo's |ogar|thm|c structuro. latt|co dotocts wou|d on that v|ow
porhaps thon omorgo |n roa| spaco-t|mo as c|ustor|ngs ot mattor or as phys|ca| torcos.
100
|arro||, 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, p. 120, omphas|s addod.
107
V||or, An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory,' Noxos, p. b2.
108
V||or, An lntroduct|on to G|oba| 3ca||ng 1hoory,' Noxos, p. 82. |or tho ro|at|onsh|p ot tho ong|noorab|||ty ot tho thoory, soo my d|scuss|on |n 7bo
Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, pp. 122-128. 3uch a tochno|ogy cou|d a|so bo usod as a now and a|most |noxhaust|b|o onorgy sourco, a propu|s|on
tochno|ogy, and ot courso a woapon ot stupondous and p|anot- or star-bust|ng powor.
100
|or th|s po|nt, soo my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo|| (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2000), pp. 210-220.
200
1.|. lo|son, l|anotary los|t|on Ettoct on 3hort-Wavo 3|gna| Oua||ty,' E|octrlco| Eoglooorlog, Vay 10b2, p. 421.
201
1.|. lo|son, 3hortwavo lad|o lropagat|on Corro|at|on W|th l|anotary los|t|ons,' contoronco papor prosontod to tho AlEE 3ubcomm|ttoo on
Enorgy 3ourcos, AlEE Gonora| W|ntor Voot|ng, 1anuary 10b2, www.ontorpr|som|ss|on.com/|magos.hypor/no11.g|t, p. 1.
202
1.|. lo|son, l|anotary los|t|on Ettoct on 3hort-Wavo 3|gna| Oua||ty,' E|octrlco| Eoglooorlog, Vay 10b2, p. 421, omphas|s addod.
208
lb|d., omphas|s addod.
204
1.|. lo|son, l|anotary los|t|on Ettoct on 3hort-Wavo 3|gna| Oua||ty,' E|octrlco| Eoglooorlog, Vay 10b2, p. 422.
20b
1.|. lo|son, l|anotary los|t|on Ettoct on 3hort-Wavo 3|gna| Oua||ty,' E|octrlco| Eoglooorlog, Vay 10b2, p. 428.
200
lo author g|von, lCA Astro|ogy,' 7lmo, Vonday, Apr|| 10, 10b1, www.t|mo.com/magaz|no/art|c|o/0,0171,814720,00.htm|
207
|or turthor d|scuss|on ot tho o|octr|ca| dynam|sm ot tho so|ar systom, soo my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, pp. 20-81, and 7bo Cosmlc or,
pp. 28-00.
208
Aga|n, soo my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo. 7bo Aocloot or or lotoro 5clooco, pp. 80-81, and 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo,
Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts, pp. 28-00.
200
O.v. my 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts, pp. 28-00.
210
Er|c 1. lornor, 7bo Blg Boog Novor loppoooo (low York: v|ntago 3ooks: 1002), p. 181, c|tod |n my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, p. 18b.
211
Er|c 1. lornor, 7bo Blg Boog Novor loppoooo, p. 102, omphas|s addod, c|tod |n my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, pp. 18b-180.
212
7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, pp. 18b-180, omphas|s addod.
218
Er|c 1. lornor, op. c|t., pp. 102-108, omphas|s addod, c|tod |n my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, p. 180.
214
|or lh||o |arnsworth's p|asmator, soo my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, pp. 140-147, and Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 828-888.
21b
Cons|dorat|ons such as thoso havo |od somo laz| 3o|| rosoarchors to tho orronoous conc|us|on that tho dov|co was |ntondod as an oxpor|mont |n
such mochan|sms ot contro||od tus|on tor tho purposo ot croat|ng a now onorgy supp|y as wo|| as ono ot thoso hydrogon bomb suporbombs.' As l
notod |n my Nozl lotorootlooo|, tho |nvo|vomont ot 0r. lona|d l|chtor |n th|s projoct appoars c|oar, and s|nco h|s postwar projoct |n Argont|na
ostons|b|y concornod |tso|t w|th contro||od tus|on, such rosoarchors roason back to tho or|g|na| projoct that tho laz| 3o|| was s|mp|y an oar||or
vors|on ot th|s postwar projoct. 3ut l|chtor h|mso|t, as wo sha|| soo |n a momont, |nd|catos c|oar|y that ovon th|s p|asma rosoarch was a stop or koy
to a much doopor and moro tundamonta| phys|cs. 1hat such a p|asma phys|cs, howovor, m|ght havo |od to such tus|on dov|cos' wou|d corta|n|y
havo boon a d|v|dond ot tho projoct that tho laz|s wou|d havo boon on|y too happy to accopt a|ong tho way! 3ut |t was moro|y a socondary d|v|dond
|n any caso.
210
7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, pp. 180-187, omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
217
|annos A|tvon, Ex|stonco ot E|octromagnot|c-|ydrodynam|c Wavos,' Notoro, lo. 880b, Octobor 8, 1042, pp. 40b-400, c|tod |n my 7bo Olzo
Lootb 5tor, p. 187.
218
7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, p. 187.
210
lb|d., pp. 187-188, c|t|ng |annos A|tvon, On ||orarch|ca| Cosmo|ogy,' Astropbyslcs ooo 5poco 5clooco, vo|. 80 (3oston: 0. lo|do|, 1088), 818-
824, p. 814, a|| omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|s.
220
|or th|s po|nt, soo my 7bo Cosmlc or, pp. 81-82.
221
|or tho non-sca|ar|ty' ot t|mo |n tho work ot 0r. l|ko|a| Kozyrov, soo my 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc
Vottor (|ora| |ouso, 2000), pp. 1b1-100.
222
1o draw a s|mp|o ana|ogy, cons|dor on|y human natura| |anguagos. 1hat humans havo a|ways moro or |oss known th|s mu|t|-d|mons|ona||ty' ot t|mo
|s rovoa|od by tho way natura| human |anguagos - w|th tho|r many tonsos, moods, and act|vo and pass|vo vo|cos - troat t|mo. vorba| systoms
aro, |n short, tar boyond tho s|mp|o past, prosont, and tuturo' ot convont|ona| standard phys|ca| thoor|os. lotab|y, human natura| |anguagos
cons|dor t|mo |n a h|gh|y comp|ox sot ot opoo systoms ooo ro|otloosblps botwooo tbom. Vathomat|ca| phys|cs has yot to catch up w|th th|s subt|oty
|n a corta|n sonso.
228
1osoph l. |arro||, Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 848-84b.
224
lb|d., p. 84b.
22b
3oo my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 170-18b, 278-282, 204-200, 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, pp. 208-280, 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, pp.
288-287, 201-204, 200-80b, and Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 202, 814-81b.
220
55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 178-18b, Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 848-8b0. |arry Coopor ot 3harkhuntors, who photographod tho drums ot
l|chtor's projoct |n Argont|na shown on p. 240 ot my book Nozl lotorootlooo|, has rocont|y boon |ntormod by h|s Argont|no contacts that tho drums
woro |n a|| ||ko||hood contro| rod ports tor l|chtor's |ntondod tus|on roactor that was bog|nn|ng to bo bu||t whon lros|dont 1uan loron shut down tho
projoct. 1h|s |s poss|b|o, though |t ra|sos corta|n quost|ons s|nco lssloo roactors, not tus|on roactors, aro norma||y assoc|atod w|th contro| rods.
1h|s doos, howovor, mako somo sonso, as tho drums |n Argont|na aro so||d wo|ghts w|th a ho|o through tho contor, wh||o tho 3o||'s countor-rotat|ng
drums woro most ||ko|y ho||ow cy||ndors.
227
7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|, pp. 202, 271-272.
228
lb|d., pp. 240-202.
220
lat|ona| Arch|vos and locords Adm|n|strat|on, |oro|gn 3c|ont|st Caso |||os 1048-10b8, 3ox b4 ot locord Group 880, |||o on 0r. lona|d l|chtor,
c|tod |n |onry 3tovons, llt|or`s 5opprossoo ooo 5tl||-5ocrot oopoos, 5clooco, ooo 7ocboo|ogy (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross), pp. 200-201.
280
|arro||, Nozl lotorootlooo|, p. 20b.
281
|arro||, Nozl lotorootlooo|, p. 848.
282
|arro||, 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, pp. 270-277.
288
|arro||, 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 171-184, 204-20b, soo my 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo pp. 207-200 tor an argumont that th|s |somor may
havo boon thor|um-220 |somor.
284
|arro||, 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, pp. 280-282.
28b
|arro||, 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, p. 14b, omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
280
|arro||, tbo Pbl|osopbors5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor (|ora| |ouso, b4 p. |arro||, 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo.
A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor (|ora| |ouso, ot 2000), p. 108, rotoronc|ng A.l. lov|tch, A 3ubstant|a| lntorprotat|on ot l.A.
Kozyrov's Concopt|on ot 1|mo,' p. 1. lt shou|d bo notod that tho porpotua| hydrogon bomb and noutr|no om|ss|on thoory' |s yot anothor |mp||cat|on
or art|tact ot E|nsto|n's Gonora| lo|at|v|ty thoory, and, |n that rospoct, |s s|m||ar to a|| othor such art|tacts such as tho 3|g 3ang 1hoory, so-ca||od
dark mattor' and dark onorgy' and so on.
287
|arro||, 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, pp. 104-10b, |ta||c|zod omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|, bo|dtaco omphas|s addod.
288
l|ko|a 1os|a, 1ransm|ss|on ot E|octr|ca| Enorgy W|thout W|ros,' E|octrlco| or|o ooo Eoglooor, Varch b, 1004, c|tod |n 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross,
od., 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, pp. 210, 221, omphas|s addod.
280
l|ko|a 1os|a, 1ransm|ss|on ot E|octr|ca| Enorgy W|thout W|ros,' E|octrlco| or|o ooo Eoglooor, Varch b, 1004, c|tod |n 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross,
od., 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, p. 222, omphas|s addod.
240
lb|d., pp. 220-227, omphas|s addod.
241
l.o., 3a|| ||ghtn|ng.
242
l.o., ||ghtn|ng.
248
l|ko|a 1os|a, 1ransm|ss|on ot E|octr|ca| Enorgy W|thout W|ros,' E|octrlco| or|o ooo Eoglooor, Varch b, 1004, c|tod |n 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross,
od., 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, pp. 224-22b, omphas|s addod.
244
l|ko|a 1os|a, 1ransm|ss|on ot E|octr|ca| Enorgy W|thout W|ros,' E|octrlco| or|o ooo Eoglooor, Varch b, 1004, c|tod |n 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross,
od., 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, p. 227, omphas|s addod.
24b
|or a tu||or cons|dorat|on ot th|s po|nt, soo my Olzo Lootb 5tor Lop|oyoo, pp. 107-20b.
240
1os|a a|so statos that 3|mu|tanoous|y w|th thoso ondoavors, tho moans ot |nd|v|dua||zat|on and |so|at|on woro gradua||y |mprovod. Groat
|mportanco was attachod to th|s, tor |t was tound that s|mp|o tun|ng was not sutt|c|ont to moot tho v|gorous pract|ca| roqu|romonts.' Onco aga|n, |n
othor words, standard rad|o tun|ng tochn|quos cou|d not bo ut|||zod, s|nco tho wavos woro |ong|tud|na| yardst|ck' wavos ot po|sos, rathor than
|ortz|an jump ropo' wavos.
247
l|ko|a 1os|a, 1ransm|ss|on ot E|octr|ca| Enorgy W|thout W|ros,' E|octrlco| or|o ooo Eoglooor, Varch b, 1004, c|tod |n 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross,
od., 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, pp. 280, 282, omphas|s addod.
248
1os|a's W|ro|oss 1orpodo: lnvontor 3ays |o 0|d 3how that |t Workod lortoct|y,' NowYork 7lmos, Varch 10, 1007.
240
Vr. 1os|a's lnvont|on: |ow tho E|octr|c|an's lamp ot A|add|n Vay Construct low Wor|ds,' NowYork 7lmos, Apr|| 21, 1008.
2b0
Vr. 1os|a's lnvont|on: |ow tho E|octr|c|an's lamp ot A|add|n Vay Construct low Wor|ds,' NowYork 7lmos, Apr|| 21, 1008, omphas|s addod.
1os|a's |ottor to tho 7lmos was datod Apr|| 10, 1008.
2b1
O||vor l|cho|son, 1os|a W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ttor and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,'
promothous.a|.ru/ong||sh/ph|s|k/on|cho|son/tunguska.htm, p. 0. loto that tho wobs|to post|ng Vr. l|cho|son's papor |s luss|an!
2b2
Amor|ca's t|rst hydrogon bomb, codonamod V|ko,' was ost|matod to havo a y|o|d ot 4-0 mogatons pr|or to dotonat|on. Whon dotonatod, tho
oxp|os|on ran away to about 10 mogatons, approx|mato|y tho samo y|o|d as tho mlolmo ost|mat|on tor tho 1unguska ovont.
2b8
A|| th|s ra|sos tho quost|on ot why tho 3ov|ot Un|on wou|d mooot such an oxpons|vo oxpod|t|on |n tho t|rst p|aco to such a romoto w||dornoss aroa.
Ono poss|b|||ty, ot courso, was thoy woro |ook|ng tor c|uos ot whothor or not tho ovont was a natura| ono, or art|t|c|a||y |nducod and thorotoro a
product ot a tochno|ogy.
2b4
A|ways tho |nopt E1 |ncompotont|y crash|ng h|s sh|ps |nto tho oarth! A|| that tochno|ogy, and such boo p||ots! 0on't thoy havo t||ght s|mu|ators and
p||ot schoo|s? Attor a||, wo do.
2bb
l|cho|son, op c|t., horo summar|zod |n d|ttoront torm by 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross, 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, p. 2b0.
2b0
Ch||dross, 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o, p. 2b0, omphas|s addod.
2b7
O||vor l|cho|son, 1os|a W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ttor and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,'
promothous.a|.ru/ong||sh/ph|s|k/on|cho|son/tunguska.htm, p. 0.
2b8
O||vor l|cho|son, 1os|a W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ttor and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,'
promothous.a|.ru/ong||sh/ph|s|k/on|cho|son/tunguska.htm, pp. 0-10. |t shou|d bo notod that l|cho|son th|nks that 1os|a or|g|na||y was a|m|ng tor tho
lorth lo|o arct|c rog|on w|th th|s domonstrat|on, and by a m|sca|cu|at|on, ovorshot h|s targot and h|t 3|bor|a |nstoad.
2b0
l|ko|a 1os|a, 1os|a's low 0ov|co l|ko 3o|ts ot 1hor: |o 3ooks to latont a W|ro|oss Eng|no tor 0ostroy|ng lav|os by lu|||ng a lovor, to 3hattor
Arm|os A|so,' NowYork 7lmos, 0oc. 8, 101b, p. 8, co|umn 8, omphas|s addod.
200
|or tho who|o thomo ot an anc|ont cosm|c war and tho uso and dop|oymont ot such tochno|og|os ot cosm|c hogomony,' soo my Olzo Lootb 5tor
Lop|oyoo, pp. 1-4, and my 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts.
201
O||vor l|cho|son, 1os|a's W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ss|on and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,' c|t|ng 7bo NowYork 7lmos, 3uggosts luss|a |as
A 'lay',' Vay 28, 1024, p. 2b.
202
lb|d., c|t|ng Corroot Oploloo, A v|o|ot lay 1hat K|||s,' 1uno 1024, pp. 828-820.
208
lb|d., c|t|ng Popo|or Vocboolcs, '0oath lay' ls Carr|od by 3hatts ot l|ght,' August 1024, pp. 180-102.
204
C|tod |n www.ttcbooks.com/art|c|os/tunguska.htm, pp. 0-7.
20b
O||vor l|cho|son, 1os|a's W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ss|on and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,' c|t|ng Vay 2b, 1024 as tho dato ot tho 7rlbooo
art|c|o. 1ho story was a|so apparont|y roportod |n 7bo NowYork 7lmos, 3uggosts luss|a |as A 'lay',' Vay 28, 1024, p. 2b.
200
lt |s a|so worth not|ng that tho yoar |s s|gn|t|cant - 1024 - tor |t was tho samo yoar that lobo| |auroato phys|c|st lrot. 0r. Wa|thor Gor|ach wroto
opon|y |n tho lrookortor A||gomoloozoltoog that a |argo-sca|o projoct shou|d bo |n|t|atod tor tho |nvost|gat|on ot a|chom|ca|'-||ko transmutat|ons
tho Gormans woro obsorv|ng |n sc|ont|t|c oxpor|monts. O.v. my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 272-278. Gormany a|so |nvost|gatod moro d|roct|y
ro|atod tochno|og|os as |s a||ogod horo, and th|s rosoarch cont|nuod dur|ng tho por|od ot tho 1h|rd lo|ch: q.v. my 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, pp.
280-248.
207
O||vor l|cho|son, 1os|a's W|ro|oss lowor 1ransm|ss|on and tho 1unguska Exp|os|on ot 1008,' p. 8.
208
lb|d.
200
losoarchor 3r|an 0osborough prosonts rathor |ntorost|ng, though unsubstant|atod, |ntormat|on concorn|ng tho ro|at|onsh|p botwoon Vorgan and
1os|a: 0|sturbod by 1os|a's command ot troo-onorgy and ant|-grav|ty tochno|ogy, 1os|a's t|nanc|a| backor, lou|s Cass laysour, ordorod h|s tront
man 1.l. Vorgan to w|thdraw h|s t|nanc|a| support. 1h|s act t|nanc|a||y ru|nod 1os|a through tho |n|t|at|on ot ta|so toroc|osuro procood|ngs.
..anothor addod |mpotus tor Vorgan's t|nanc|a| w|thdrawa| was tho amorous advancos mado toward 1os|a by Vorgan's daughtor. 1ho
mansorvant prov|ous|y |oanod 1os|a by Vorgan was, |n roa||ty, an |ndustr|a| spy who, |n co||us|on w|th ono ot 1os|a's statt, a Gorman ong|noor
namod |r|tz lowonsto|n, sto|o 1os|a's ant|-grav|ty socrots and ass|gnod thom to var|ous l||um|nat| socrot soc|ot|os, both |n 3r|ta|n and Amor|ca.'
(3r|an 0osborough, 7boy Cost No 5booows [Wr|tors C|ub lross, 2002|, p. 20b.)
270
1h|s |s an |mportant po|nt and arguos ogolost l|cho|son that 1os|a usod h|s Wardonc|ytto projoct to mako a domonstrat|on ot |ts capab|||t|os at
1unguska. 1hus, 1os|a wou|d havo had to uso anothor tac|||ty. |owovor, noto that 1os|a a|so |nd|catos that tho bas|c proparat|ons tor tho comp|ot|on
ot tho towor had boon comp|otod. Wo aro |ott thon w|th a mystory and a quost|on: cou|d tho tac|||ty havo boon dup||catod somowhoro and by
somoono o|so?
271
low York 3tato 3upromo Court, Appo||ato 0|v|s|on, 3ocond 0opartmont: C|ovor 3o|dt V||os and Goorgo C. 3o|dt, 1r. as Exocutors ot tho last W|||
and 1ostamont ot Goorgo C. 3o|dt, 0ocosasod, l|a|nt|tts-lospondonts, vorsus l|ko|a 1os|a, 1homas G, 3hoarman, ot a|. as 0otondants-
Appo||ants, b21- b87, pp. 174-170, c|tod |n 0av|d |atchor Ch||dross, od., 7bo lootostlc lovootloos o Nlko|o 7os|o (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross),
pp. 814-810, a|| omphas|s addod.
272
|or thoso roa||y pay|ng attont|on, q.v. my 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor, pp. 280-248, osp, p. 248, and 7bo Olzo Lootb 5tor Lop|oyoo, pp. 140-100.
278
1om 3oadon, lor Lo Looco, pp. 200-210, c|tod |n my 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, pp. 210-220.
274
3uch, a|as, |s tho caso w|th tho rocont appoaranco ot tho work ot a tr|ond ot m|no, 3osh |or|, and h|s loooprlot o At|os. |or| |ndood advancos
and arguos a novo| and |ntr|gu|ng hypothos|s, namo|y, that tho ont|ro topography and goomorpho|ogy ot |and toaturos and ovon tho cont|nonts
thomso|vos aro rosu|ts ot such stand|ng wavos |n tho oarth. And |n a br||||ant |ns|ght, ho coup|os th|s |doa w|th tho who|o |doa ot tho |ayout ot corta|n
art|t|c|a| monumonts and construct|ons around s|gn|t|cant natura||y occurr|ng goomorpho|og|os. 1hoso br||||ant |ns|ghts roma|n worthy ot
cons|dorat|on, dosp|to my to||ow|ng cr|t|quo ot h|s m|sundorstand|ngs.
|or| statos |n h|s book tho to||ow|ng |n rotoronco to my woapon hypothos|s tor tho Groat lyram|d as out||nod |n my Olzo Lootb 5tor 7rl|ogy:
3uch a thos|s as |arro|| dovo|ops |n h|s G|za 0oath 3tar tr||ogy |s compo|||ng, broathtak|ng, ch||||ng, and sc|ont|t|ca||y conv|nc|ng |n |ts dota||s, and
yot..
1ho samo cr|t|quo that l wou|d app|y to 0unn's o|octr|ca| powor p|ant thos|s, l wou|d a|so app|y |n a var|ant torm to |arro||'s woapon thos|s as
wo||. Wh||o tho Groat lyram|d, as a transm|ttor ot |ong|tud|na| o|octr|c wavos, cou|d corta|n|y bo dop|oyod as a woapon, why wou|d |t havo boon bu||t
spoc|t|ca||y tor tho purposo ot bo|ng usod as a woapon? ls a ground-basod |ong|tud|na| o|octr|ca| wavo transm|ttor tho |doa| way to cont|guro a
mass|vo|y dostruct|vo sca|ar boam woapon - ospoc|a||y a sca|ar boam woapon dos|gnod tor |ntorp|anotary war? l wou|d th|nk that a mob||o
pos|t|on |n spaco wou|d bo tho stratog|ca||y |doa| |ocat|on tor a sca|ar boam woapon.. A c|v|||zat|on that cou|d bu||d tho Groat lyram|d cou|d a|so
bu||d a g|ant spaco p|attorm and mount upon |t a |ong|tud|na| o|octr|c wavo transm|ttor that cou|d propagato mass|vo|y powortu| sca|ar boams
capab|o ot sp||tt|ng a p|anot apart. 3uch a spaco p|attorm wou|d a|so bo capab|o at an |nstant's not|co ot mov|ng trom |ts pos|t|on |n spaco at
supor|um|na| spood..
3o why wou|d an advancod c|v|||zat|on bu||d a woapon that was a s|tt|ng duck'? Vuch moro ||ko|y, a tac|||ty such as tho Groat lyram|d wou|d bo
an objoct to bo protoctod by a spaco p|attorm, not pr|mar||y a woapon. Corta|n|y, tho Groat lyram|d wou|d havo boon capab|o ot propagat|ng
sca|ar boams |n dotonso |t |t was attackod. 3ut a truo prodatory woapon wou|d havo to bo ab|o to movo - and movo vory qu|ck|y.'
3otoro procood|ng w|th tho rost ot |or|'s cr|t|quo ot my woapon hypothos|s tor tho Groat lyram|d, thoso cr|t|quos must bo addrossod. As a|roady
notod |n tho ma|n toxt, tho bost natura| osc|||ators ot thoso sca|ar' rosonancos aro |argo massos such as p|anots and stars. 1o m|ss th|s po|nt |s to
m|ss ont|ro|y tho po|nt ot tho phys|cs |nvo|vod. 1hus, |t ono woro to bu||d a mob||o spaco p|attorm tor |or|'s vors|on ot such a woapon, ono m|ght
accord|ng|y havo to do so on an a|most p|anotary sca|o. lot that |t cou|d not bo dono, ot courso, tor tho typos ot c|v|||zat|ons as ho and l aro pos|t|ng
m|ght bo capab|o ot do|ng so, but tho purposo ot do|ng so |s not cost-ottoct|vo, tor |t |s ootlro|y unnocossary tor such a woapon systom to bo ab|o to
movo |n ordor to torgot a spoc|t|c objoct, no mattor how d|stant. 1ho targot|ng |s by rosonanco and |ntortoromotry. 1ho po|nt-a|m-and-shoot' modo|
ho |s |mp|y|ng |s not nocossary and |ndood |n a corta|n sonso a|most countor to tho who|o naturo ot tho systom. 3|m||ar|y, such a systom wou|d bo
dotons|b|o proc|so|y on tho samo bas|s ot oxp|o|t|ng tho baso p|anotary systom's goomotry and |oca| rosonanco. ln short, |t |s not nocossary tor |t to
movo |n ordor to bo o|thor ottons|vo|y prodatory' or dotons|b|o' |n o|thor caso.
|or|'s socond cr|t|quo |s tar moro to|||ng, but suttors trom |ts own shortcom|ngs:
3ut th|s stratog|c t|aw |s not tho most compo|||ng argumont aga|nst |arro||'s v|ow that tho Groat lyram|d was or|g|na||y dost|nod to bo a woapon,
rathor, |t |s |arro||'s own ropoatod omphas|s that tho Groat lyram|d |s too ovor-ong|noorod' to bo anyth|ng othor than a woapon that draws my
attont|on. |arro|| makos tho po|nt sovora| t|mos |n h|s G|za tr||ogy that tho ov|donco |nd|catos that tho Groat lyram|d was ab|o to transm|t onorgy to
Any loss|b|o loco|vor |n |oca| spaco' w|thout roqu|r|ng a comp|ox roco|v|ng apparatus at tho |oad ond. And ho prosonts somo vory good ov|donco
and argumonts that th|s |ndood was tho caso. 3ut trom th|s ho oxtrapo|atos that such a soph|st|catod dov|co cou|d on|y bo constructod tor ono
purposo and ono purposo on|y - to bo usod as a woapon ot mass dostruct|on - to doc|mato c|t|os and cont|nonts - or to b|ow up p|anots. 3ut
wh||o such a soph|st|catod dov|co corta|n|y cou|d bo usod as a woapon, thoro |s no |og|ca| roason that |t cou|d on|y bo usod as a woapon. lndood,
tho vory k|nd ot h|gh|y soph|st|catod and sons|t|vo tun|ng charactor|st|cs ot such a dov|co suggost to mo a moro ||ko|y construct|vo uso than a
dostruct|vo ono. 3ons|t|vo, proc|so tocus|ng and tun|ng aro tho charactor|st|cs ot carotu|, construct|vo man|pu|at|on ot mator|a| substanco, not a
s|odgo-hammor d|s|ntograt|on ot |t. A dov|co that cou|d sond onorgy to Any loss|b|o loco|vor' cou|d sond much moro than dostruct|vo wavos - |t
wou|d havo tho capac|ty to sond carotu||y modu|atod wavos ot onorgy that cou|d commun|cato, nour|sh, bu||d, and grow. 1ho oxtromo proc|s|on
ov|ncod by tho Groat lyram|d strong|y suggosts that |t was dos|gnod to bo usod as a sca|po|, not a sword.'
Wh||o l am gratotu| to |or| that ho has |ndood porco|vod my argumonts accurato|y and out||nod thom ta|r|y to a corta|n oxtont, and has not
rosortod to tho d|sm|ss|vo tact|c ot somo |n tho a|tornat|vo commun|ty who s|mp|y d|sm|ss tho who|o hypothos|s out ot w|shtu| th|nk|ng or appoa|s to
montors' and author|t|os' w|th accoss to a prosumod m|||onn|a-o|d unwr|tton trad|t|on, aga|n |or| ta||s to soo tho naturo ot tho phys|cs |nvo|vod, tor
proc|s|on tun|ng ot tho vory t|nost surg|ca| proc|s|on wou|d |ndood bo noodod - as ov|doncod by 1os|a's own romarks - ospoclo||y |t |t woro
dop|oyod as a woapon, proc|so|y |n ordor to avo|d tho toodback rosonanco ottocts notod by 3oardon. 3o th|s cannot bo usod as an argumont
aga|nst tho woapon hypothos|s.
3|m||ar|y, tho rovorso argumont that |or| |mp||os - that a|| |ts sca|po|-||ko proc|s|on and t|no-tun|ng ov|nco a construct|vo purposo tor |ts
construct|on and pr|mary uso a|so ta||s, tor as tho cop|ous c|tat|ons ot 1os|a |n tho ma|n toxt l hopo mako c|oar, ooo ooo tbo vory somo phys|cs and
tochno|ogy can bo usod tor oltbor purposo, that |s to say, anyono bu||d|ng any such dov|co wou|d koowas an |nov|tab|o |mp||cat|on ot tho phys|cs
omp|oyod and |nvo|vod that ono was bu||d|ng both a powor p|ant' ooo a woapon. lt |s |mposs|b|o to d|sontang|o tho two, and |n 1os|a's own words,
|n such a systom |t |s nocossary to gr|p tho oarth.' l havo moro|y statod tho caso |n tho Olzo Lootb 5tor 7rl|ogy tor tho woapon hypothos|s as bo|ng
tho u|t|mato purposo ot tho lyram|d's construct|on s|mp|y bocauso so many w|sh or chooso to |gnoro th|s |mp||cat|on ot tho phys|cs |nvo|vod. 3ut |t
|s c|oar|y ov|dont |n tho phys|cs. 1ho truo purposos ot bu||d|ng such a systom wou|d, nood|oss to say, probab|y bo kopt socrot trom tho gonora|
pub||c at any t|mo, just as 1os|a kopt tho truo purposo ot Wardonc|ytto h|ddon trom 1.l. Vorgan, and ovon attor rovoa||ng |t to h|m, on|y |otor and |n
dosporat|on pub||c|y d|sc|osod |ts woapon|zat|on potont|a|. 3ut that potont|a| was c|oar|y prosont trom tho bog|nn|ng as a |og|ca| onta||mont ot tho
phys|cs, and anyono bu||d|ng such a systom wou|d know that. 1horotoro to oxc|udo tho poss|b|||ty ot an |ntont|ona| construct|on ot a woapon trom tho
mot|vat|on or purposo |n bu||d|ng such systoms |s o |oglco| lmposslbl|lty. ln short, at ono and tho samo t|mo as ono |s bu||d|ng a systom tor a||
|or|'s wondortu| construct|vo purposos, ono |s bu||d|ng by tho naturo ot tho caso, a woapon, whothor ono bu||ds |t |n spaco or not, and at tho vory
momont that systom bocomos oporat|ona| tor a|| thoso wondortu| and construct|vo purposos, |t a|so bocomos oporat|ona| as a woapon.
(Ouotat|ons trom 3osh |or|, 7bo loooprlot o At|os. 7bo Artllclo| Axls o tbo Eortb ooo lowlt 5bopoo lomoo Lostloy [||gh|and, Ca||torn|a:
Corvos 3ooks, lost Cont|nont l|brary lub||sh|ng Co., 2008| pp. 240-241.)
27b
1. lorman lockyoar, 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy. A 5tooy o 7omp|o orsblp ooo Vytbo|ogy o tbo Aocloot Egyptloos (0ovor lub||cat|ons, 2000),
p. xv|.
270
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot (Koss|ngor lub||cat|ons, ropr|nt ot tho
Goorgo 3o|| and 3ons od|t|on, 188b), p. 1b.
277
A|oxandor 0o| Var, llstory o Voootory 5ystoms (|ono|u|u: Un|vors|ty lross ot tho lac|t|c, 2000), p. 00.
278
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voootory 5ystoms, pp. 21-22.
270
lb|d., p. 87, omphas|s addod.
280
A|oxandor 0o| Var, llstory o Voootory 5ystoms, p. 80.
281
A|oxandor 0o| Var, llstory o Voootory 5ystoms, pp. 80, 81, omphas|s addod.
282
A|oxandor 0o| Var, llstory o Voootory 5ystoms, p. 80.
288
lb|d., p. 72.
284
3osant: tho un|t ot monoy ot tho Eastorn loman or 3yzant|no Emp|ro.
28b
3as||ous: trom tho Grook oo|\ru, moan|ng k|ng.' 1ho ott|c|a| t|t|o ot tho Emporor |n Constant|nop|o was oo|\ru loo|uv or K|ng/Emporor ot
tho lomans.' ln oar||or documonts, tho torm oo|\ru loo|uv was usod to trans|ato tho lat|n torm lmporator lomanorum, Emporor ot tho
lomans. Wh||o 3yzant|no |mpor|a| const|tut|ona| pract|co cou|d and otton d|d acknow|odgo co-omporors,' or Caosars (so|oqp or ka|sors'), tho
torm omporor ot tho lomans' was oxc|us|vo|y rosorvod tor tho sovoro|gn ros|dont lo Coostootloop|o. |or tho |mp||cat|ons ot th|s ||tt|o-not|cod tact
tor tho propor |ntorprotat|on ot ovonts |n mod|aova| h|story, soo |r. 1ohn loman|dos, lrooks, loooo|lsm, ooo Loctrloo.
280
A|oxandor 0o| Var, llstory o Voootory 5ystoms, pp. 72-78.
287
lb|d., p. 70.
288
A|oxandor 0o| Var, llstory o Voootory 5ystoms, p. 7b.
280
lb|d.
200
|or moro on th|s subjoct, soo my 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo (|ora| |ouso, 2000), chaptors ono and two.
201
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot (Koss|ngor lub||cat|ons, ropr|nt ot tho
Goorgo 3o|| and 3ons od|t|on, london, 188b), p. 188.
202
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot, p. 181.
208
lb|d., pp. 181-182.
204
lb|d., p. 188. 0o| Var's mont|on ot Egypt's poss|b|o dor|vat|on trom lnd|a mor|ts somo commont ot |ts own. 1h|s torms, as tar as 0o| Var |s
concornod, a componont ot tho vast m|grat|ons ot tho Aryan poop|os trom tho subcont|nont wostward |nto tho V|dd|o East and |ator Europo. 3ut tho
mot|vat|on that 0o| Var g|vos tor th|s m|grat|on-oxpans|on |s rathor d|ttoront than most: At a vory romoto dato wo t|nd bod|os ot mon - lyd|ans,
lhryg|ans, lhoon|c|ans, Grooks, and othors bo|ong|ng to Aryan racos - push|ng out |n a|| d|roct|ons |nto tho dosort w||ds ot abor|g|na| Europo |n
soarch ot go|d, s||vor, and coppor.' (p. 120). ln othor words, tho m|grat|on was dr|von by monotary cons|dorat|ons.
20b
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot, pp. 188-180, omphas|s addod.
200
0|odorus 3|cu|us, 7bo llstorlco| Llbrory o Lloooros tbo 5lcl|loo, trans. G. 3ooth, london, 1814, c|tod |n 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot
Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot, p. 141, omphas|s addod.
207
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot, pp. 11-12.
208
A|oxandor 0o| Var, A llstory o Voooy lo Aocloot Coootrlos rom tbo Eor|lost 7lmos to tbo Prosoot, p. 148, omphas|s addod.
200
l co|nod tho torm pa|oophys|cs' |n tho books ot my Olzo Lootb 5tor tr||ogy to rotor to th|s ottort to oxam|no anc|ont toxts and monumonts tor tho|r
modorn-day sc|ont|t|c ana|oguos |n an attompt to roconstruct aspocts ot a much moro soph|st|catod |ost phys|cs. 1h|s oxam|nat|on omorgod as a
mothodo|og|ca| assumpt|on trom tho suppos|t|on that thoro onco ox|stod a vory soph|st|catod vory ||gh C|v|||zat|on prodat|ng anc|ont c|ass|ca|
c|v|||zat|ons |n Egypt, Vosopotam|a, tho lndus va||oy, and Ch|na, c|v|||zat|ons that woro doc||nod |ogac|os ot that procursor. ln lockyoar's hands no
such assumpt|on |s mado, so h|s ottort doos not attompt a roconstruct|on ot that |ost sc|onco.
800
1. lorman lockyoar, 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy. A 5tooy o tbo 7omp|o orsblp ooo Vytbo|ogy o tbo Aocloot Egyptloos (0ovor, 2000), p. 2,
omphas|s addod. l havo notod o|sowhoro tho ant|qu|ty ot astronom|ca| obsorvat|ons |n Egypt and 3aby|on, q.v. my 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory
ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2007), pp. 241-248.
801
3oo my 7bo Cosmlc or, p. 241.
802
lockyoar, 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy, pp. 880-881.
808
1. lorman lockyoar, 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy. A 5tooy o 7omp|o orsblp ooo Vytbo|ogy o tbo Aocloot Egyptloos (V|noo|a, low York: 0ovor
lub||cat|ons, lnc., 2000), p. 841.
804
l|chard C. |oag|and, 0v0 ot loog|ooo`s Vors. Vo|. 2. 7bo Uoltoo Notloos Brlolog. (U|O 1v), at 87:18-40:01 |n tho prosontat|on. |oag|and
mado h|s romarks at tho U.l. |n |obruary 1002, omphas|s addod.
80b
lockyoar, 7bo Lowo o Astrooomy, p. 808.
800
lb|d., p. 872.
807
lb|d.
808
lb|d.
800
lb|d., p. 878.
810
Goorgo |rodor|ck Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos (0ovor, 1071), p. 1, omphas|s addod.
811
lb|d.
812
Kunz draws upon sovora| sourcos, trom anc|ont and ||ndu (7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, pp. 18-14), to mod|aova| (pp. 14-1b), |ormot|c
(p. 10), and ovon Chr|st|an patr|st|c sourcos (p. 10).
818
lb|d, pp. 1-2.
814
lb|d., p. 2.
81b
lb|d., pp. 0, 28.
810
lb|d., p. 28.
817
lb|d., p. 848.
818
lb|d., p. 8b.
810
|arro||, 7bo Cosmlc or, pp. 204-288.
820
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, p. 7, omphas|s addod.
821
lb|d., p. 72. Add|t|ona||y, Kunz notos that Arab and lors|an authors bo||ovod d|amonds cou|d a|so contor |nv|nc|b|||ty.
822
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, pp. b2-b8.
828
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, pp. 171-172, omphas|s addod. 1h|s |s a rathor |ntorost|ng commont by Crookos, tor archaoo|og|sts
havo |ong puzz|od how tho anc|ont Egypt|ans managod to soo |ns|do tho|r tomp|os. lt ono grants tho propos|t|on that thoy may havo known ot and
usod o|octr|c|ty, thon m|ght thoy porhaps havo d|scovorod th|s qua||ty ot d|amonds? Or was such know|odgo anothor |ogacy boquoathod to Egypt?
824
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, pp. 178-174, c|t|ng Co||octloo oos oocloos o|cbomlsts grocs,' od. V. 3ortho|ot, trans. (lar|s, 1887,
1888), pp. 880-888, 8b1-8b2.
82b
lb|d., p. 78, c|t|ng Wo||, Blb|lscbo Logooooo, p. 22b.
820
O.v. my 7bo Cosmlc or, pp. 204-282.
827
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, p. 280, c|t|ng |ossoy, Lo Voglo Assyrloooo (lar|s, 1002), p. 801, omphas|s addod.
828
lb|d., p. 281.
820
lb|d., pp. 27b-270.
880
lb|d., p. 277.
881
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, pp. 277-278.
882
lb|d., p. 800
888
lb|d., p. 810.
884
lb|d., p. 814. Kunz a|so notos that tho woar|ng ot a broastp|ato cons|st|ng ot 12 ornamonts |s un|quo to tho |obrows ooo to Egypt. 1hat an
Egypt|an or|g|n shou|d bo sought sooms most probab|o. A broast ornamont worn by tho h|gh pr|ost ot Vomph|s, as t|gurod |n an Egypt|an ro||ot,
cons|sts ot two|vo sma|| ba||s, or crossos, |ntondod to roprosont Egypt|an h|orog|yph|cs. As |t cannot bo dotorm|nod that thoso t|guros woro cut trom
proc|ous stonos, tho on|y dot|n|to connoct|on w|th tho |obrow ornamont |s tho numbor ot t|guros, th|s suggosts, but ta||s to provo, a common or|g|n.
1ho monumonts show that tho h|gh pr|ost ot Vomph|s woro th|s ornamont as oar|y as tho tourth 0ynasty, or, approx|mato|y 4000 3.C.' (p. 282) Kunz
a|so notos that attor tho 3aby|on|an capt|v|ty a socond broastp|ato was most || ko|y mado. (p. 280). lt |s poss|b|o that tho |obrow assoc|at|on ot tho
12 stonos ot tho broastp|ato and ot tho 12 tr|bos to tho 12 zod|aca| s|gns roco|vod an |mpotus trom 3aby|on|an prooccupat|ons w|th astro|ogy and
tho assoc|at|ons ot gomstonos w|th co|ost|a| bod|os and tho|r |nt|uoncos.
88b
Kunz, 7bo Corloos Loro o Procloos 5tooos, pp. 288-28b, omphas|s addod.
880
An |mportant cons|dorat|on |n th|s rogard |s that tho Emporor 1ust|n|an, who mado |t h|s do||borato and consc|ous goa| to rostoro loman ru|o ovor
lomo |tso|t, wou|d most ||ko|y, through h|s br||||ant m|||tary mastorm|nd 3o||sar|us, havo oxactod trom tho vanda|s tho roturn ot a|| troasuro thoy took
trom tho Wostorn lomo.
887
0av|d Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, www.jrbookson||no.com/l0|_3ooks/tho_baby|on|an_woo.pdt, p. 02.
888
l shou|d a|so stross that l do not sharo a|| ot Ast|o's thoo|og|ca| or sp|r|tua| |oan|ngs, though thoso do not dotract or |ntortoro w|th tho ma|n argumont
ot h|s book.
880
0av|d Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 8, omphas|s addod.
840
lb|d.
841
lb|d., omphas|s addod.
842
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. b, omphas|s addod.
848
lb|d.
844
lb|d., p. 10.
84b
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 0.
840
Cons|dor on|y tho tact that |n tho Un|tod 3tatos, s|nco tho ostab||shmont ot tho |odora| losorvo systom, thoro woro |n|t|a||y sovora| typos ot papor
notos |n c|rcu|at|on: tho stato's s||vor and go|d cort|t|catos and Un|tod 3tatos bl||s, and tho pr|vato bank's |odora| losorvo ootos.' lt shou|d a|so bo
notod that |t |s now a|| but |mposs|b|o to t|nd any ot tho tormor notos |n gonora| c|rcu|at|on, s|nco tho |odora| losorvo makos |t a po||cy to pu|| and
dostroy any b|||s that aro not tho |ntorost-boar|ng dobt notos |t doos not |ssuo pr|vato|y, and s|nco co||octors, know|ng th|s, thomso|vos otton pu||
such notos tor tho|r co||oct|ons or to so|| to othor co||octors.
847
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 10, omphas|s addod.
848
lb|d., p. 8.
840
lb|d.
8b0
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 20.
8b1
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, pp. 14-1b.
8b2
Aga|n, |t shou|d bo roca||od that lockyoar proposod that tho astronom|ca| basos ot var|ous Egypt|an tomp|os cou|d a|so bo a bas|s ot thoso
ro||g|ous cont||cts.
8b8
C|t|ng 1.3.l. Wobstor, lrom Vycoooooo lomor, p. 22.
8b4
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 80.
8bb
Chr|stophor 0awson, 7bo Ago o tbo Ooos (london, 1028), p. 180, omphas|s addod.
8b0
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, pp. 18-14, omphas|s addod, c|t|ng 3|r Char|os Woo||oy, Abrobom (london, 1080), pp. 124-12b.
8b7
Ast|o, op. c|t., p. 12.
8b8
lb|d.,, p. bb.
8b0
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 80, c|t|ng 1amos |. 3roastod, A llstory o Egypt, pp. 07-08.
800
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 48.
801
C|t|ng Eocyc|opoolo o or|o llstory (|oughton V|tt||n, pub||shors, 3oston, 1040), p. 48, c|tod |n Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 00, omphas|s
addod by mo.
802
Ast|o, op. c|t., p. 00, omphas|s addod.
808
C|t|ng Eocyc|opoolo o or|o llstory (|oughton V|tt||n, pub||shors, 3oston, 1040), p. 48, c|tod |n Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 00, omphas|s
addod by mo.
804
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 40.
80b
|or tho aspoct ot onorgy autarchy and tho a|||od m|||tary tochno|og|os, soo my 7bo 55 Brotborbooo o tbo Bo||, 5ocrots o tbo Uolloo llo|o, and
7bo Nozl lotorootlooo|.
800
Ast|o, op. c|t., p. 180.
807
lb|d., pp. 180-140.
808
lb|d., p. 140.
800
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 140.
870
lb|d., p. 148.
871
lb|d.
872
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 144.
878
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 71.
874
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 70. 3oo a|so p. 120.
87b
lb|d., pp. 70-77.
870
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 18.
877
3oo Ast|o's d|scuss|on on pp. 1btt, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo.
878
Ast|o, 7bo Boby|ooloo oo, p. 1b, |ta||c|zod omphas|s addod, bo|dtaco omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
870
3oo a|so Ast|o, op. c|t., p. 102.
880
ln th|s rogard, ono nood on|y cons|dor tho modorn para||o|, w|th lockoto||or t|nanc|ng ot ||bora| lrotostant|sm and var|ous ocumon|ca| agonc|os and
schomos.
881
1ho who|o Cosm|c War sconar|o l havo out||nod |n 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot 7oxts (Advonturos
Un||m|tod lross, 2007).
882
3r|an 0osborough, 7boy Cost No 5booows. A Co||octloo o Essoys oo tbo l||omlootl, Rovlsloolst llstory, ooo 5opprossoo 7ocboo|oglos (3an
1oso, Ca||torn|a: Wr|tors C|ub lross, 2002), p. 17b.
888
Econophys|cs,' on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/Econophys|cs, p. 1.
884
lb|d.
88b
lb|d.
880
lb|d.
887
lb|d., p. 2.
888
Econophys|cs,' on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/Econophys|cs, p. 2.
880
0av|d 3ohm, bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor (london: lout|odgo, 1000), pp. 180t.
800
0av|d 3ohm, bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor, p. 187.
801
lb|d.
802
3ohm, bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor, p. 188.
808
lb|d., p. 100.
804
3ohm, bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor, p. 100, omphas|s addod.
80b
3ohm, bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor, p. 100, omphas|s addod.
800
lb|d., pp. 100-101, omphas|s addod.
807
3ohm, bo|oooss ooo tbo lmp|lcoto Oroor, pp. 101-102, omphas|s addod.
808
l.o., tho |oundat|on's pr|vato magaz|no.
800
lay 1omos, 1owards a Un|t|od 1hoory ot Cyc|os,' papor prosontod at 1ho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os contoronco procood|ngs |obruary
1000, www.cyc|osrosoarch|nst|tuto.org, p. 4, |ta||c|zod omphas|s addod, bo|dtaco omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
400
|or tho subjoct ot tho ooglooorlog approach to phys|cs un|t|cat|on, rathor than a tboorotlco| approach to such un|t|cat|on, soo my 7bo Olzo Lootb
5tor (Advonturos Un||m|tod lross, 2001).
401
O.v. my 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo (|ora| |ouso, 2000), pp. 104-0b.
402
lb|d., pp. 1b1-100.
408
|arro||, 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo, pp. 100-107.
404
lb|d., pp. 170-178.
40b
lb|d., p. 170.
400
0owoy and 0ak|n, Cyc|os. 7bo 5clooco o Proolctloo, p. 101.
407
lobort Govor, 7lmo ooo Voooy. 7bo Ecooomy ooo tbo P|ooots (|opowo|| lub||cat|ons, 200b), p. 2.
408
lb|d.
400
Govor, 7lmo ooo Voooy, pp. 2-8.
410
lb|d., p. 10, omphasos |n tho or|g|na|.
411
lb|d., p. b1.
412
Govor, 7lmo ooo Voooy, p. 70, omphas|s addod.
418
lb|d., p. 41.
414
lb|d., p. 40.
41b
Govor, 7lmo ooo Voooy, p. 44.
410
lb|d.
417
Govor, 7lmo ooo Voooy, p. 4b.
418
lb|d., p. 47.
410
1amos lo|son, 3hortwavo lad|o lropagat|on Corro|at|on W|th l|anotary los|t|ons.' Contoronco papor prosontod to tho AlEE 3ubcomm|ttoo on
Enorgy 3ourcos, AlEE Gonora| W|ntor Voot|ng, 1anuary 10b2.
420
lb|d. 1ho olsslml|orltlos shou|d a|so bo notod, tor Govor's tocus |s on tho outor p|anots, namo|y, tho gas g|ants and l|uto (rocont|y domotod trom
p|anotary status). Add|t|ona||y, Govor, |n c|ass|ca| astro|og|ca| tash|on, notos wh|ch zod|aca| houso tho p|anots aro |n, whoroas lo|son doos not.
421
E||on |odgson 3rown, ob o Lobt. 7bo 5bocklog 7rotb oboot Oor Voooy 5ystom ooo lowo Coo Brook lroo (3aton lougo, lou|s|ana: 1h|rd
V|||onn|um, 2008), p. 80. lt thoro |s ono book tho roador shou|d road about tho h|story ot pr|vato|y-|ssuod dobt monoy vorsus stato-|ssuod crod|t
monoy, th|s book |s |t. lt |s thorough|y documontod and wo||-wr|tton. 3rown ospoc|a||y oxco|s at oxpos|ng tho ta||ac|ous assumpt|ons ot many that a
moro roturn to tho go|d standard' wou|d roso|vo tho prob|om. As wo havo a|roady soon, bu|||on |tso|t |s subjoct to man|pu|at|on by tho bu|||on
brokors' or bankstors.
422
3rown, op. c|t., p. 87.
428
lb|d.
424
lb|d.
42b
lb|d., omphas|s addod.
420
3rown, op. c|t, pp. 40-41, |ta||c|zod omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|, bo|dtaco omphas|s addod.
427
lb|d., p. 41.
428
lb|d.
420
3rown, op. c|t., p. 48.
480
lb|d., omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|.
481
lb|d., p. 44.
482
3rown, op. c|t., p. 47, omphas|s addod.
488
lb|d.
484
3rown, op. c|t., pp. 47-48, omphas|s addod.
48b
3rown, op. c|t., pp. 80-00, omphas|s addod by 3rown.
480
lb|d., p. 01.
487
3rown, op. c|t., pp. 01-02, omphas|s addod.
488
3oo 3rown's d|scuss|on on pp. 08-0b.
480
lb|d., p. 04, omphas|s addod.
440
lb|d.
441
3rown, op. c|t., p. 140.
442
lb|d.
448
Ou|g|oy, 7rogooy ooo lopo, p. 820.
444
3rown, op. c|t., pp. 141-142, a|| |ta||c|zod and bo|dtaco omphasos addod.
44b
|r|tz 3pr|ngmo|r, B|ooo|loos o tbo l||omlootl, p. 287. 3pr|ngmo|r statos that Accord|ng to tho|r own socrot tam||y gonoa|ogy, wh|ch |s rocordod |n a
sacrod socrot book, tho lothsch||ds aro doscondod trom l|mrod, tho groat 3aby|on|an warr|or |oador.' Ot courso, a socrot sacrod book' moans
that thoro |s oo substant|at|on ot thoso c|a|ms. |owovor, as w||| bo soon |n a subsoquont chaptor, thoro |s a caso that can bo mado ot a gonora||zod
contoxtua| naturo |n wh|ch such c|a|ms may bo |ntorprotod, and |n wh|ch thoy t|nd a moro or |oss vory |ooso corroborat|on.
440
C|tod |n lobort Govor, 7lmo ooo Voooy. 7bo Ecooomy ooo tbo P|ooots, p. 4.
447
0an|o| Estu||n, 7bo 7roo 5tory o tbo Bl|oorborg Oroop, p. 01.
448
3r|an 0osborough, 7boy Cost No 5booows. A Co||octloo o Essoys oo tbo l||omlootl, Rovlsloolst llstory, ooo 5opprossoo 7ocboo|oglos (3an
1oso, Ca||torn|a: Wr|tors C|ub lross, 2002), p. 174, omphas|s addod.
440
www.vortoxmaps.com/dov||s-tr|ang|o.php
4b0
www.vortoxmaps.com/gr|d-h|story.php
4b1
www.vortoxmaps.com/gr|d-h|story.php, pp. 1-2.
4b2
lb|d., p. 2.
4b8
www.sou|sotd|stort|on.n|/3O0_chaptor7.htm|, p. 1
4b4
3|m||ar oxpor|monts woro conductod by tho phys|c|an |ans 1onny us|ng a v|brat|ng p|ato and ord|nary sand, w|th sovora| boaut|tu| structuros
rosu|t|ng |n a gr|d||ko structuro ot stand|ng wavos. 1hoso p|cturos and tho bas|s ot 1onny's study torm tho subjoct ot a tasc|nat|ng book, Cymotlcs.
4bb
1osoph l. |arro||, 7bo Pbl|osopbors` 5tooo. A|cbomy ooo tbo 5ocrot Rosoorcb or Exotlc Vottor, pp. 2b4-2bb.
4b0
v||||ngon-3chwonn|gon, Gormany, 2008.
4b7
lrot. 0r.-lng. Konstant|n Voy|, 5co|or ovos, pp. 008, 010.
4b8
lb|d., p. 000.
4b0
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 012.
400
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 014.
401
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 018.
402
lb|d.
408
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 020.
404
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 024.
40b
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 022.
400
lb|d.
407
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 022.
408
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, omphas|s addod, p. 018.
400
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 01b.
470
ln othor words, tho ont|roty ot h|s book wh|ch procodod th|s conc|ud|ng soct|on!
471
Voy|, 5co|or ovos, p. 011.
472
lnbrood|ng ,' W|k|pod|a, on.w|k|pod|a.org/w|k|/lnbrood|ng , p. 4.
478
1onnoy |rank, 7bo Amorlcoo llstorlco| Rovlow, vo|. 21, 1u|y 21, 1010, p. 080, |ta||c|zod omphas|s |n tho or|g|na|, bo|dtaco omphas|s addod.
474
1onnoy |rank, 7bo Amorlcoo llstorlco| Rovlow, vo|. 21, 1u|y 21, 1010, p. 081.
47b
lb|d., pp. 002-008.
470
lb|d., p,. 008, |ta||c|zod omphas|s or|g|na|, bo|dtaco omphas|s addod.
477
1onnoy |rank, 7bo Amorlcoo llstorlco| Rovlow, vo|. 21, 1u|y 21, 1010, p. 008.
478
lb|d., pp. 080-000, omphas|s addod.
470
1uvona|, 5otlros, lll: 02.
480
1onnoy |rank, 7bo Amorlcoo llstorlco| Rovlow, vo|. 21, 1u|y 21, 1010, p. 708.
481
lb|d., p. 704.
482
3oo tho Combrlogo Aocloot llstory, vo|. X, p, 727.
488
Wobstor 1arp|oy, lord la|morston's Vu|t|cu|tura| |uman Zoo,' www.ma||-arch|vo.com/ ctr|Q||stsorv.ao|.com/msg178b7.htm| , p. 4. 3oo a|so
1arp|oy, von|co's War Aga|nst Wostorn C|v|||zat|on,' www.sch|||or|nst|tuto.org/t|d_01-00/0b2_von|co.htm|, pp. b-7, tor a moro dota||od d|scuss|on,
part|cu|ar|y ot tho ro|o ot Gasparo Card|na| Contar|n| |n thoso mach|nat|ons.
484
|or th|s connoct|on, soo my Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo (2000), pp. 77-78, and 7bo Cosmlc or (2007), pp. 811-818. 3oo a|so 0av|d loh|,
7bo Lost 7ostomoot (2002), pp. 78-70. loh| c|oar|y |dont|t|os tho Vosopotam|an god l|nurta w|th l|mrod, basod on var|ous cons|dorat|ons. ln
do|ng so, ho c|oar|y h|gh||ghts tho mass|vo chrono|og|ca| prob|oms that l a||udod to |n tho lrotaco to 7bo Cosmlc or, tor tho archaoo|og|ca|
rocord, as loh| notos, wou|d oot support a vory anc|ont dat|ng tor tho ovont, such as l |mp||od |n that book. Contrar|w|so, as l a|so notod, |t ono
takos tho anc|ont toxts thomso|vos sor|ous|y, and roads thom |n tho backdrop ot tho Exp|odod l|anot |ypothos|s, thon such oxtromo anc|ontnoss ls
|nd|catod. l bo||ovo tho way out ot th|s |mpasso |s onco aga|n to rocogn|zo that tho anc|ont toxts and myths ot 3umor|a and othor cu|turos may havo
boon do||borato|y contr|vod to tunct|on on a mo|tltooo ot |ovo|s - |nc|ud|ng chrono|og|ca| onos - s|mu|tanoous|y.
48b
www.thopoorago.com/p10b88.htm, p. 1.
480
lb|d.
487
lb|d., p. 2.
488
www.trustnotottshoro.com/|actshoots/|actshoot.aspx?tundCodo=l1|b88un|v=0C.
480
3ou| and porsonhood,' th|s phras|ng |s not rodundant, but |s moant to oxpross tho author's op|n|on that sou|' and porson' aro two vory d|st|nct
th|ngs. |ow thoy camo to bo oquatod |n tho popu|ar m|nd ot many Wostornors wou|d roqu|ro a tomo |n |ts own r|ght.
400
|or a br|ot survoy ot th|s doctr|no |n tho contoxt ot othor pa|oophys|ca| thomos, soo my Olzo Lootb 5tor Lostroyoo, chaptor 8.
401
V|chao| |ayos, 7bo lormotlc Cooo lo LNA. 7bo 5ocroo Prloclp|os lo tbo Oroorlog o tbo Uolvorso, pp. 18, 1b.
402
lb|d., p. 1b.
408
lb|d.
404
|ayos, 7bo lormotlc Cooo lo LNA, pp. 1b-10.
40b
lb|d., p. 10.
400
|ayos, 7bo lormotlc Cooo lo LNA, p. 17.
407
lb|d., p. 18.
408
lb|d.
400
lb|d., p. 10.
b00
|ayos, 7bo lormotlc Cooo lo LNA, pp. 10-20.
b01
|ayos, 7bo lormotlc Cooo lo LNA, p. 08.
b02
lb|d., p. 1b0.
b08
|rooman W. Copo, Ev|donco trom Act|vat|on Enorg|os tor 3upor-conduct|vo 1unno||ng |n 3|o|og|ca| 3ystoms at lhys|o|og|ca| 1omporaturos,'
Pbyslo|oglco| Cbomlstry ooo Pbyslcs 8 (1071), 408-410, pp. 408-404, omphas|s addod.
b04
lt wou|d, moroovor, oxp|a|n tho tact that l t|rst po|ntod out |n my book 7bo Cosmlc or. lotorp|oootory ororo, Voooro Pbyslcs, ooo Aocloot
7oxts, why tho a||ogod h|gh tochno|ogy ot tho anc|ont gods appoarod to bo act|vatod on|y |n c|oso prox|m|ty or actua| phys|ca| contact w|th tho|r
ownors. 3oo chaptors 8 and 0 ot that work.
b0b
G|on Yoadon and 1ohn |awk|ns, 7bo Nozl lyoro lo Amorlco. 5opprossoo llstory o o Cootory (lrogross|vo lross, 2008), p. 178, omphas|s
addod.
b00
Zb|gn|ow 3rzoz|nsk|, 7bo Orooo Cbossbooro. Amorlcoo Prlmocy ooo lts Ooostrotoglc lmporotlvos (3as|c 3ooks, 1007), p. 21b.
b07
1h|s wou|d, portorco, |mp|y an aston|sh|ng th|ng, namo|y, that 0r. l|'s Gauss|an copu|a tormu|a ta||od tor yot oootbor roason than thoso advancod |n
tho lro|oguo, and that tho ta||uro was duo to not rocogn|z|ng a doopor phys|cs |n p|ay. 1ho data comp||od by tho |oundat|on tor tho 3tudy ot Cyc|os,
as wo|| as othor data prosontod horo, wou|d soom to |nd|cato a|so that at |oast somo |n tho |ntornat|ona| t|nanco commun|ty' aro o||y oworo ot th|s
hypothos|s, and p|an tho|r act|ons accord|ng|y.
b08
3oo my Nozl lotorootlooo|, chaptors 8 and 0.
b00
|or tho comp|oto story ot how th|s was accomp||shod, soo A|oxandor 0o| Var's Borboro Vl||lors. A llstory o Voootory Crlmos.
Boby|oo`s Bookstors.
7bo A|cbomy o Loop Pbyslcs, llgb
lloooco ooo Aocloot Ro|lgloo
t 2010 by 1osoph l. |arro||
A|| r|ghts rosorvod.
A|ora| |ouso book.
ol33l : 078-1-082-b0b8b-7