SECTION 1 ABBREVIATIONS, TERMS AND SYMBOLS @ FOR TRAINING PI De MaRCH 2000sth via) abbr ABBR ABS ACCEL AMM AP ART ATA AUTO AVM BP BPR CONT CPR csp ABBREVIATIONS, TERMS AND SYMBOLS nies abbreviation(s) Abbreviations Absolute Acceleration Aircraft Maintenance Manual Access Pot Automatic Reserve Thrust Air Transport Association Automatic Airbome Vibration Monitor Breather Pressure Bypass Ratio Continuous Compressor Pressure Ratio Constant Speed Drive FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY es eARCy EGT EM eng EPR EPR Feu FD Fo FP Gal GRD Deceleration Degrees Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit Digital Flight Guidance Computer i. Exhaust Gas Temperature Engine Manuat Engine Engine Pressure Rati Pup Fin Feet Control Unit Fuel Dr Net Thrust Foreign Object Damage Fuel Pump Gatton GroundABBREVIATIONS, TERMS AND SYMBOLS. Hi. Hy Mercury HPC High Pressure Compressor Her High Pressure Turbine len Fenttion in neh ee Mlustrated Parts Catalog K Constant Kpa Kilo pascal In Pound Ihde Pounds Per Hour Lec Low Pressure Compressor Ler Low Pressure Turbine LRU Line Replaceable Unit M--- May Maxinwum Mb Millibars MGB Main Gearbow Mits Thousaeets of an inch FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ‘04s waecH 2000 Mn NI N2 NTO op OVRD PAD Pani PoP PD PDBO PLA PNEU PRBC Ps PSS P32 ‘Mach Number Rotational speed in RPM or petcent RPM Low Pressure Compressor Rotational Speed High Pressure Compressor Rutational Speed Normal Takeoff =O Outside Diameter Override Pressure Pressurizing and Dump Valve Ambient Pressure Pressure Cooling Pressure Pressure Gump (Return Flow to Fuel Control) Pressure Deceleration Bleeds Override Power Lever Angle Pneumatic Pounds Per Hour Pressure Ratio Bleed Contra Static Pressure 6th Stage Air, Static Pressure: Sth Stage Air, Static PressurePst ri psia pid pig Pa Pr PT Paw REF rpm SB SENT ABBREVIATIONS, TERMS AND SYMBOLS ---P---(Continued) Ps Muscle Pressure to Bleed Valens 3h Stage Air, Siatic Pressure Pounds Per Square Inch Pounds Per Square Inch Absolute Pounds Per Square Inch Differential Pounds Per Square tnch Gage ‘Total Pressure Fan Tnlet Total Pressure Total Pressure Station 7 Turbine Discharge Pressure Pratt & Whitney Reference Revolutions Per Minute Service Bulletin Support Equipment Numerical Indo TACH Tam TSFC ‘TOBI m2 7 TW us vac vpc w we wh Tachometer Ambient Temperature “Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption Takeott ‘Tangential On Board Injection Fan Infet Total Temperature ‘Total Temperature Station 7 ‘Turbine Discharge Temperature United States nodes Volts Alternating Current Volts Direet Current Wen Rate of Flow (Expressed as (W Rate of Fuel Flow Fuel Plow Temperaturevn Ragone & ABBREVIATIONS, TERMS AND SYMBOLS ~-SYMBOLS--- Less than Greater than Delta, Differential, Finite Difference Ditferential (Dettay Pressure Equal «0 Approximately equal 10 Delta relative pressure ratio “Theta. relative temperature ratio Percent Above Below FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY xs mscrt 200SECTION 2 OVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 WHEN YOU COMPLETE THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1 EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF CONDUCTING A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INSPECTION 2, _ EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES IN ASB5639 APPROVED INSPECTION PROCEDURES 3. RECITE THE QUALIFICATIONS OF APPROVING AN INSPECTOR FOR THE ASB5639 INSPECTION 4. GIVEN A COPY OF ASB5639 AND ADB6-09-02 R2. COMPLETE THE ASB5639 WORKSHEET FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-4 4 MARCH 200OVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 Introduction { the month of August. 1985 an aviation accident occurred that killed 55 passengers. The cause of the accident was an Uuncontained failure of the left engine on a Boeing 737 aireralt. The uncontained failure was caused by a failure of the number 9 combustion can, Because of the seriousness of this accident a strict inspection schedule was developed sind published as ASBS639, Purpose The purpose of Alert Service Bulletin $639 is to: — Provide guidance ito the inspection of JTSD -7 through -17 combustion chambers — Present the FAA approved methods for inspection of the combustion chamber + Visual * Isotope + Borescope ~ Prevent the damage limits of the combustion cans. ~ Form qualification criteria for all inspectors performing the ASB5639 inspection FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (46 MARCH 2000 Description Severe burning. cracking, and oxidation can result in combustion chambers breaking-up or displacing in the ‘combustion section of the engine. Under these conditions hot gases can impinge on the outer combustion case. This impingement could cause a ease rupture of localized bur through and result in severe engine damage and a fatal accident,AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE PRATT & WHITNEY VOLUME It #86-09-02 RI COVERS JT8D-1 THRU -17AR ALERT SERVICE BULLETIN erezmooz00m 2-3 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 48 MARCH 2000OVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 Visual Inspection Method Description © ‘The visual inspection method involves the tear down of the engine to remove and examine each combustion can independently. Advantages © Repairs can be made to the cans at the time of inspection © Doesn't require the purchase of special inspection devices. (example: Borescopes or Isotope Cameras) » © Damage can be measured with greater accuracy Disadvantages © Requires engine change and tear down, © Expensive ‘© Multiple shop visits for the engines © The volume of consumables for engine assembly will rise effecting the cost of airline operations FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 04s MARCH 900 Radiographic Isotope Inspection Method Deseription © The radiographic isotope method involves the use of gainma radiation, A small amount of gamma radiation is placed into the front compressor drive turbine shaft. Radiation radiates outward and allows sadiographie projectors 19 develop a picture of the combustion chambers. ‘These pictures can then be analyzed for damage to the combustion cans. Advantages ®* Can be done on-wing © Provides a source for condition monitoring © Damage can be measured with accuracy Disadvantages ® Radiation exposure © Expensive © Difficult to move the equipmentcr29618.20000316 COMBUSTION CAN FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYOVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 Borescope Inspection Method Description * The borescupe inspection methud involves the use of a specially designed borescope guide tbe and flexible horescupe 1 examine each combustion chamber. Entering through the ignitor bosses the borescope ean be positioned into al nine chambers and averse 1 the number eleven liner in each. The special guide tube allows the borescope ‘0 view under the louver lips of each liner. Advantages © Can be done on or off wing as required © Doesnt require the engine to be disassembled * Damage can be determined and measured with great accuracy Disadvantages © Requires regular practice by qualified inspectors. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (046 MARCH 2000 2-6FRICTION PLATE (OPTIONAL) GUIDE TUBE ASSEMBLY LIGHT SOURCE ‘oraaan 2000038 BORESCOPE INSPECTION METHOD FOH TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYOVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 Student Performance Cri Introduction AS stated in ASBS639 persons must attend a Pratt &Whitney approved training course in order w qualify for certification by their airtine or company. ‘The Pratt & Ww ing Center has established with the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) a list of criteria that must be completed in order to be granted @ certificate of course completion from Pratt & Whitney. After receiving a certificate of course completion the student must complete one of the following options: for qualification, ~ Inspect. prior 10 teardown, two engines and compare the horcseupe Finding to the: visual findings done during overhaul. Inspect two engines and map the findings of the inspection. Have the same engine mapped by a ‘qualified inspector and compare the results When this is done satisfactorily then the airline or company of the student can qualify him/her to perform JTSD ASBS639 combustion ehamber inspections. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (46 MARCH 20 Upon satisfactorily completing these requirements a letter written by the students company must be issued and distributed to the student and Pratt & Whitney for future records, ‘The letier must state that the student has met the qualifications as outlined in ASBS63% AD 86-00-02) and is certified to perform the inspection.SECTION 3 BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT WHEN YOU COMPLETE THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1 IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF BASIC BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT AND THE FUNCTION OF EACH COMPONENT. 2, IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE PROBES. 3. IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE ASB5639 BORESCOPE INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. 4, IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF OPTIONAL BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT. 5. STATE SOME ESSENTIAL GOOD PRACTICES YOU SHOULD OBSERVE IN THE CARE, HANDLING. AND STORING OF BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT. 6. STATE SOME PRACTICES THAT YOU SHOULD USE WHEN CONDUCTING THE ASB5639 INSPECTION FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘088 MARCH 20BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT GENERAL INTRODUCTION Purpose: © A borescope is a precision optical instrument used to perform internal component inspections. © In gas turbine engine maintenance. horescopes are used to visually inspect inaccessible internal gaspath components in the compressor, combustor, and turbine areas which otherwise would require expensive and time-consuming isassembly to view, Description: * Borescopes can have either a rigid or Hexible probe. The borescopes with a rigid probe sets the field of view: with fixed or movable mitror (or prism) inside the proke tip. Rigid probes are available in a variety of probe diameters and working lengths with either adjustable or fixed focus eyepicces (oculars). If the horescope has a flexible probe. the field of view is directed through a remotely-controlied bending tip section High-imensity light is transmitted from the light souree t the probe tip through the light cable and the probe by means of intemal bundles of fiberglass. strands, Hest Produced by the light source is climinated by a filter and the fiberglass strands so that cold light actually leaves the end of the probe tip. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 346 MARCH 2000 © The ocular end can be fitted with interchangeable eyepieces and adapters which provide for viewing by one or two persons. These eyepicces can also provide for focusing. varying degrees of magnification (zoom). and control of the field of view (scanning mirror or prism), * Adapters allow for the attachment of 35mm, Polaroid, motion picture, or video cameras. For picture-taking applications. usually some sort of adapter is also attached to the outside of the engine to steady the equipment In order to insert the borescope into an engine. there must be a hole large enough to fit it through, This hole ean be created by removing & part such as an igniter, or by Temoving a borescope plug which is specially made for a horescope to enter the that area of the engine gaspath. Borescope inspection by a trained observer can find almost all significant defects and damage conditions. Without the borescope. the modem concept of —“on-condition maintenance” would not be practical.UGHT SOURCE UGHT TRANSMITTING CABLE: <> BORESCOPE eet \ FIELD OF ,’ ADJUSTABLE \ VIEW,’ EYEPIECE: \ OPTICAL SYSTEM mel GLASS FIBERS ea AA PRISM: TYPICAL CROSS SECTION THRU BORESCOPE PROBE UGHT CABLE FITTING i LIGHT CABLE ‘c¥3782.19900300 BASIC BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 3-3 048 MARCH, 2000BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE INTRODUCTION Purpose: © A flexible borescope is a Precision optical instrument used ‘© perform internal component inspections where the route of the inspection path is not straight. * In the ST8D combustion chamber a flexible scope is used ‘o navigate the nine combustion chambers. Description: * Flexible boreseopes get their Nexibility by being made up of fiber optic bundles vs. prisms like the rigid probes ® Articulation of the boreseope tip can be single or dual plane. © Articulation is controlled by knobs/levers located on the control head. * Other tips. are available for side viewing and magnification, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (046 MARCH 2000 3-4‘BENDING SECTION ANGLE KNOB (RIGHT AND LEFT) FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE INSERTION SHEATH © FoRWaRD- XO VIEWING got ih SSIDE-VIEWING POSITIONING SLOT IHT GUIDE WINDOW OPTICAL ADAPTERS arnt (©TS736.19900800 FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE TERMINOLOGY FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 MARCH 2000 3-5BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT FLEXIBLE GUIDE TUBES INTRODUCTION Purpose: © A flexible guide tube is an instrument used to help position the borescope in the combustion chambers. Description: © Flexible guide tubes are hollow instruments that allow a Nexible horescope to be inserted into them and aid the Positioning of that borescope ® Articulation of the guide the tip ean be two or four way, ® Articulation is controlled by knobs/levers located on the control head, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 MARCH 2000,ANGLE KNOB (RIGHT AND LEFT) ANGLE KNOB (UP AND DOWN) crzs403.19990217 FLEXIBLE GUIDE TUBE 046 MARCH 2000 aT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYBORESCOPE EQUIPMENT FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE ASBS639 Borescope Requirements: © Flexible Boreseope 6 millimeters in diameter and 2 meters in length with four way articulation, * Flexible guide tbe with four way articulation approximately 11 millimeters in diameter and 1270 millimeters in length able @ handle the 6 millimeter boreseope. Light source Support arm or magic arm Friction plates for the ignitor hos eeee (optional This equipment can be purchased from Machida America, Everest Vit, or Olympus. If you prefer ti use invescope equipment other than that specified contact Pratt & Whitney Product Support. Refer 5639 page 33 for approved borescope kits, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 086 MARCH 2000FRICTION PLATE (OPTIONAL) J soon TUBE ASSEMBLY cerzsdea 20000316 COMBUSTION CHAMBER BORESCOPE INSPECTION FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 16 MARCH 2 “935MM CAMERA AND BORESCOPE ADAPTER VIDEO TAPE ENGINE SUPPORT FIXTURE RECORDER FOR PHOTOGRAPHY (cT29408 19990217 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ae enBORESCOPE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT HANDLING / USE ‘TRODUCTION Because the horescope is a precision optical instrument used to periorm internal component inspections, special cate must be given to its handling and use. Precautions: “f Borescope penetration should not extend beyond the recommended four (4) combustion chambers. Unnecessary twisting or torqucing of the guide tube and flexible borescope should be avoided at all times, Immersion of the Lucscope into any type of liquid (c.g.. fuel. oil. hydraulic fluid. etc.) is unacceptable, Avoid exposing the borescope to temperatures in excess if LF 65°C) If performing a isotope inspection refrain from exposing the the borescope to the gamma radiation Refrain from yanking on the borescope if it hangs up in the engine, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 wlARCH 2000 2 Always transport and store the equipment in protective carrying cases. © Review the borescope manufactures operating instructions and engine inspection criteria, © Locate / position equipment to prevent it from falling. ~ being stepped on, struck by other tooling .cte. .© Always straighten the flexible svide tube and flexible borescope when entering or exiting combustion chambers. \® Ensure articulation locks ae olf and articulation is neutralized © Protect the borescope by attiching a dust cap when not in use. © Use only alcohol and cotton swabs to clean the’ borescope. 3-12A BORESCOPE EXPOSED TO TEMPERATURES EX- CEEDING 149°F (65°C) FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME MAY REQUIRE EXTENSIVE REPAIRS. RADIATION YOUR RIGID BORESCOPE WAS NOT DESIGNED TO EXPOSURE TO RADIATION WILL TURN BRIGHT, G WITHSTAND UNDUE PRESSURE. . .OF COURSE, IT HEALTHY OPTICS BROWN, REDUCING LIGHT AND. oM WILL BREAK, IMAGE TRANSMISSION. ‘crasaoe 8880217 HOW TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO A BORESCOPE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 MARCH 2000 3-13BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT BORESCOPE INSPECTION TIPS AND TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION Because the JT8D ASBS639 borescope inspection procedure is very criticle for safe operation of the engine. There are some tips and techniques to be discovered and created by all inspectors. The following tips and techniques are offered to aid in condueting the borescope inspection. Tips/ Techniques: © When inserting or withdrawing the borescope and moving from one combustion can to the next via the crossover tuhes. ensure that the borescope is retracted into the guide tube and that the tube and borescope are properly aligned with the opening being traversed. {is advisable during inspections to position the optic side (not the light side) of the borescope tip closer to the combustion can surface. This is essential when inspecting the area under the louvers, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (048 MARCH 2000 \® When viewing cracks at a shallow angle they may appear as a raised or displaced surface. Always attempt to view a ‘suspected crack from more than one angle © The following figures show the techniques of conducting the ASB5639 borescope inspection,BORESCOPE RETRACTED AS GUIDE TUBE IS INSERTED INTO COMBUSTION CHAMBER BORESCOPE EXTENDED INTO NEXT COMBUSTION CHAMBER ©) EYEPIECE VIEW BORESCOPE RETRACTED yp BORESCOPE TECHNIQUES FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 086 WARCH 2000 > ie eT 29407.19990218STED BORESCOPE INSPECTION on sence (AS VIEWED FROM REAR OF ENGINE) ania BORESCOPE TECHNIQUES FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY. 046 MARCH 29c0lwwer OUTLET uct, a | i 1 (/__| SST'STAGE TURBINE VANE —»_ j OUTER OUTLET uct: i ! 6 TYPICAL MODE OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL, CRACK PROGRESSION FROM MALE TOWARD FEMALE CROSSOVER TUBE GUIDE TUBE FEMALE CROSSOVER TUBE BORESCOPE INTERCONNECTOR = LigHT. VIEW A {TYPICAL LINER LOUVER) SECTIONB-B ‘SEAM WELD / KEYHOLE SLOT (TYPICAL CROSSOVER TUBE) VIEWC creseos.te900219 BORESCOPE TECHNIQUES FOR TRA:NING PURPOSES ONLY 2000;SECTION 4 COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION When YOU COMPLETE THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. DESCRIBE THE DESIGN OF THE JT8D -7 THROUGH -17 COMBUSTION SECTION FEATURES 2 GIVEN PICTURES OF DIFFERENT COMBUSTION CHAMBER TYPES IDENTIFY EACH 3. GIVEN THE TABLE TOP EXERCISE, IDENTIFY THE DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER LINERS. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY e FEBRUBAY 1500 4-4COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION Introduction * Inthe combustion section the fuel is mixed with air © Chambers number four and seven contain the igniters and burned to add energy to the air passing through and these chamber differ from the rest by containing the core of the engine. an ignitor boss. Its through these ignitor bosses that ‘we enter the combustion atea for the ASB 5639 Description: borescope inspection. © The JTSD combustion area contains nine individually supported fuel nozzles and combustion chambers. These nine one piece combustion chambers are located between the outer and inner combustion chamber cases in an annular arrangement. * ‘The chambers are numbered clockwise as viewed | from the rear with the number one chamber at the 12 o’elock position. * The rear of the chambers fit into nine openings in the combustion chamber rear support. © The front of the chambers is positioned by the mounting lug and fuel nozzle, To reduce the igniters required for safe operation to two. interconnecting flame tubes connect the liners together for flame propagation during start-up. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 FEBRUARY 19087 4 4:30 LNG OVAN ACCESS PORT ACCESS PORT WX (IGNITER PORT) (GNITERPORT) FEMALE 56:00 CROSSOVER CHAMBER LOCATION CROSSOVER TUBE AFT LOOKING FORWARD uBR CHAMBER CLOCK POSITION C729410.19990224 CHAMBER ARRANGEMENT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY om FEBRUARYCOMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION Combustion Chamber Construction Introduction The combustion chambers contain the high temperature ames needed for gas wrbine operation. These flames reach temperatures in excess of 2600° Fahrenheit, Airis imroduced at every liner to provide a film of cooling air for that liner. By injecting the 13th stage air into the liners the service life of the combustion chambers is greatly preserved. Should this airflow be disturbed damage to the chambers will result Liner Terminology A liner is one of eleven ting shaped pieces which makes up the combustion cans, Liners contain numerous features Jor combustion and cooling. Swirler Vanes ® Found around the fuel nozzle in the Ist liner. ® Injects the primary air for combustion, © Swirls the the air to mix the air and fuel Plunged Holes © Found in liner #2 Provides cooling Supplements combustion Assists in flame pattern control FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (46 FEBRUARY 1900 Crossover Tube © Found in the number 3 liner, A male end and a Female end. © Allows the fuel vapors on start-up to ignite from only two igniters in the #4 and #7 cans Igniter Boss © Facilitates the igniter tip end into the number 2 liner. ® Found on the #4 and #7 cans only. ‘Combustion Holes © Found in liners #2 and #5 ® Provides the air necessary to complete the ‘combustion process, Dilution Holes © Found in the 8th and 9th liners, ® Allow large quantities to enter the charaber diluting the hot gases and cooling them slightly preserving the life of the nozzle guide vanes. Cooling Holes (external) © Small holes which are found circumferentially around the liner rings under the louver lips. © Allow 13th stage air to be injected into the can in small amounts to provide a thin layer of relatively ool ait to flow over the internal surfaces of the combustion chamber.cerzpets. 19900223, PRE S/B 5199 POST S/B 5199 COMBUSTION CHAMBER WORKSHEET FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 6 FEBRUARY 1080COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONSTRUCTION Liner terminology continued Keyhole stots ** Small keyhole shaped relief slots located at the trailing edge of the louver lip. ® Provides for expansion without cracking of the finer joining areas Louver Lips ® The small overhanging piece that directs the cooling air aft and in contact with the liner surface. © Found at the trailing cdge of the liners. Liner Description © Eleven liners make -up a conibustion chamber, These liners are numbered by starting at the fuel nozzle end, Liner number Icontains the fuel nozzle opening. At \ this opening the air is directed into a swirl to aid in the combustion and starting process. ‘The mounting lug is welded to the number one liner. This mounting lug identifies the 12 O'clock position of the combustion chamber. ‘The number 2 liner contains plunged holes to provide oxygen for combustion, cooling, and flame position control. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 8 FEBRUARY 1209 ‘The number 2 liner contains the igniter boss (chambers 4 & 7). small combustion holes, and crossover tubes, © The number four liner has no significant features. Depending on the category of the combustion chamber the number 5 liner combustion hole pattern will vary. ‘The number six and seven liners have no significant features, Liners number 8 and 9 contain dilution holes, © The number eleven liner in the later chambers (-11/- I7AR) containing cooling holes will be post SB5192, if there are no cooling holes in liner eleven, it will be pre SB5192, The number eleven liner in the earlier chambers (-1/- 9A) containing cooling holes will be post SB5199, if there are no cooling holes in Tiner eleven, it will be pre SBS199,PLUNGEO yey HOEES ‘CROSS-OVER TUBE a oo aon aoe pe Me 9 9 op ae Fon OMB b avsnoneeepececrnesres | AR AR LAA KL 5 XL SL OOO Oo (i A AAA ALAA Af At nia nap O O j—— o oO oO £L RRL 9 ca eaes Q RRR eT DILLUTION HOLES sie ) Rao ne feo ges | \ crzeer2.199s0a22 PRE SIB 5192 POST SiB 6192 COMBUSTION CHAMBER WORKSHEET FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 47OVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 ‘SBS199 Combustion Chamber Assembly _ Improved © In November of 1980 a service bulletin was written to improve the life of STSD-1 through -9A combustion chambers. The changes made differences in the inspection criteria for ASB5639. The diflerences between pre and post combustion cans is defined below. Pre SB5199 * Unlouvered number 10 liner Post SBS199 © Louvered number 10 liner FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (66 FEBAUARY 1909{ON waNIT 982 SESE SEPL Ose't OseL ose ozeL 1 1k fo 3002 1 1200 11 «10 900 8 6:00 creases COMBUSTION CHAMBER WORKSHEET FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYOVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 ‘$B5192 Combustion Chamber Assembly _ Improved * In November of 1980 a service bulletin was written to improve the life of IT8D- 11 through -17R combustion chambers. The changes made differences in the inspection criteria for ASB5639. ‘The differences between pre and post combustion cans is defined below. Pre SBS5192 © Unlouvered number 10 liner Post SBS192 © Louvered number 10 liner FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 FEBRUARY 1908 4-10JTBD-11, -15, -15A, -17, A7A, 17R, AZAR ke TIS 028 (my, eee gy T7b4 0250 Osz' OL0% © S8z'z SESE SLY OSe'LosE"Lose’s oz6"L e 8 KPOSITION | I 600 5 4 3:00 i i, £ 1 10 9:00 8 7 6:00 fon NaN. = (cT29414.19900225 COMBUSTION CHAMBER WORKSHEET FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 4s FEBRUARY 29| NOZZLE GUIDE VANES 3-- ---9 REAR OF CHAMBER I | LOOKING TOWARD THE “REAR” OF THE CHAMBER, , THE 3 AND 8 O'CLOCK POSITIONS ARE REVERSED 6 c120619.20000316 VIEW FROM FRONT LOOKING REARWARD RAINING PURPOSES ONLY12 O'CLOCK ‘ t VIEW FROM REAR‘, | 30°CLOCK LOOKING FORWARD “J - LOOKING FORWARD ¢129620.20000316 VIEW FROM REAR LOOKING FORWARD FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 86 FEBRUARY 1509OVERVIEW OF ASB 5639 Review Questions 1. Which chamber feature primarily controls the shape of the flame? A. Cooling holes B. Keyhole slots niter Boss: . Plunged holes 2. The number I chamber is at 12 O'clock. the number 4 chamber is at 4 O'clock, and the number 7 chamber is a the 8 O'clock position as viewed from thi “A. Truc B. False FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 4-16 te FESRUARY 190SECTION 5 COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION WHEN YOU COMPLETE THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. GIVEN THE DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION WORKSHEET, IDENTIFY THE VARIOUS TYPES OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER DISTRESS CONDITIONS 2. GIVEN THE JT8D COMBUSTION CHAMBER MOCK-UP, APPLY DIMENSIONS TO THE DISTRESS CONDITIONS 3 GIVEN AJT8D COMBUSTION CHAMBER, COMPLETE THE MAPPING WORKSHEET AND DETERMINE SERVICEABILITY FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 46 MARCH 2000 5-1COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Introduction ® This section of the training guide is to be used as an * Not every chamber will contain all of the damage aid in understanding the terminology and make-up of identified in this section, combustion chamber distresses. By comparing the illustrations accompanying the text to the distress seen through the borescope during the inspection you can determine the distress condition of the combustion chambers. Description * Combustion Cans may possess the following distress conditions: — Axial cracks - ~ Cumulative circumferential cracks — Intersecting cracks — Diagonal cracks — Circumferential under louver cracks — Raised Material circumferential cracks — Missing material circumferential cracks Burmed out /Missing material ~ Crossover misalignment ~ Circumferential cracks from crossover tube — Louver Lip closure — Non dressed weld — Missing coating FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 046 MARCH 2000COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION STUDENT NOTES FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 4s MARCH 2600COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Intersecting Circumferential / Axial Cracks: Axial Cracks * Cracks that run in the forward to aft direction of the chamber Circumferential Cracks * Cracks that run perpendicular to the for and aft direction of the chamber Description ® An intersecting crack is one where two or more cracks connect forming compound cracks. * Both the circumferential and axial crack dimensions must be determined ® Address the cracks individually and compare the dimensions and conditions to the most restricting inspection criteria or removal case for either of the stacks FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 46 MARCH 2000 Causes * Combustion chamber cracking is caused by several factors. The two primary causes of cracking arc, ~ the results of numerous thermal cycles which initiates cracks and causes propagation. — a weakening and/or reduction of the base material caused by the high temperature environment over a long period of time © Engine vibrations can accelerate the propagation of the cracks,‘erczmoeso55030) INTERSECTING CIRCUMFERENTIAL/AXIAL CRACKS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 6 MARCH 2000COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Cumulative Circumferential Cracks Description * Composed of combining the circumferential crack engths in a single liner to determine the total length. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (46 MARCH 2000cereastisse9o0301 CUMULATIVE CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACKS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘a8 MARCH 2000 5. 7COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Diagonal Cracks Description ® Diagonal cracks are composed of both axial and circumferential cracks in one continuos line ® Diagonal crack length is determined by the projection toa circumferential length, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (06 MARCH 2000eee cory DIAGONAL CRACK FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 48 MARCH 2000COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Circumferential Cracks under louver Description * Due to the shallow viewing angle these cracks are difficult to detect © This area must be inspected for the full 360 degrees. * Cracks may appear as raised material or possibly as shiny but rough raised surface. * To inspect this area position the viewing lens of the boi ¢ io the liner wall allowing for full view under the louver. © These cracks are to assessed the same as cumulative crack limits. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 46 MARCH 2000 |Ccreaset7ss900301 CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK UNDER LOUVER FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 46 MARCH 2000COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and A=‘al Cracks ‘Type: Circumferential Cracks / Raised Material Description © Raised material is classified as any place where a crack exists and a shiny rough edge is visible. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2000 ove saancrozsesa99s0301 RAISED MATERIAL/CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (048 MARCH 2000COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Circumferential Cracks / Missing Material Description * Missing material is classified as any place where a hole exists that is not part of manufacturing process * A crack emanating from a bum hole includes the burned or oxidized area in the crack measurement FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (48 MARCH 2000 “14ccreaséte 5550001 CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK/MISSING MATERIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 4 MARCH 2000,COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Burned out / Missing Material Description © Carefully check for cracks emanating from any burned area © The allowable limits are based on the total square inches of missing material. See table 4g in ASB5639. © Manufactured openings in the chamber are not considered when determining total square inches of missing material. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (8g MARSH 2000‘crcanez0.sem00001 BURNED-OUT/MISSING MATERIAL FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 048 MARCH 2000|COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Misalignment ‘Type: Crossover Tube Misalignment Description * Ifthe combustion cans were to shift in the combustion. section a possibility exists that the crossover tubes will not be perfectly aligned, This misalignment can ead to cracks and missing material around the ‘crossover tube areas. * When navigating the chambers, viewing the lip edge will assist in your direction (up or down) * The lip edge is visible, if you are in can number 4, spotting the lip edge tells that can number 5 is in the down direction, If in can number 7 you can see the lip edge in the up direction or going into can number a © The lip should be concentric with no shield visible, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 218 MARCH ono 5-18crcanear 9900201 CROSSOVER TUBE MISALIGNMENT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 46 MARCH 2000 +19COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Circumferential Cracks / Crossover tube Description * Circumferential cracks may emanate from a crossover tube opening. © The effective crack length docs not include the diameter of the crossover tube opening, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘08 MARCH 2000 5-207 8 BS \ eu 4 a CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK EMANATING FROM FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY CROSSOVER TUBECOMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Circumferential and Axial Cracks ‘Type: Lip Closure / Circumferential Crack Description * Louver lip closure is the deformation of the louver lip area, This section closes an area and restricts the cooling air low across the liners which minimizes the cooling properties of the 13th stage air, * Liner distortion can prevent viewing the underlying welds. All joints that cannot be viewed because of liner distortion are to be considered cracked for the Iength of the distortion FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 248 MARCH 2000oroasezs 00301 LIP CLOSURE / CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACK FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘4s MARCH 2000|COMBUSTION CHAMBER DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION Coatings Type: Missing Coatings Description * Some chambers may have a thermal barrier coating applied to their insides. © These coatings may chip off and cause confusion. The chipped area may appear as cracks in the chamber but are only the edges of the chip. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (5 MARCH 2000‘crcasas sse0s01 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (46 MARCH 20 MISSING COATINGSECTION 6 WORKSHEETS 1 JT8D PRE-COURSE WORKSHEET. 2 ALERT SERVICE BULLETIN 5639 WORKSHEET FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYJT8D PRE-COURSE WORKSHEET Name Company. Instructor Answer the following to the best of your knowledge 1 There are ___ individual combustion chambers located in the ST8D engine. Ay7 By 8 oy D) 10 A borescope should not be inserted into an engine if the lemperatere o: AY 58°C By 60rC ©) 65°C D) 70°C 3 To determine Service Bulletin applicability. reganding certain engine parts and procedures, you should reference which one of the following publications? A) The Engine Manual B) The Illustrated Parts Catalog ©) The Support Equipment Numerical Index D) Botha. and b. above FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 48 MARCH 2005 _ Date mea 4 How many compressor and turbine stages are in the standard JT8D engine? (The LPC number includes fan stages.) A) LPC=7. HPC=7. HPT=1, LPT=3 B) LPC . HPT=2, Lpr=2 C) LPC =6, HPT =1 D) LPC=6, HPC=7, HPT=2, LPT =3 5 Crossover Tubes between the combustion chambers allow for: A) flame propagation to all chambers B) borescoping of all chambers ©)’ both A and BJTBD PRE-COURSE WORKSHEET Answer the foiivwing to the best of your knowledge 6 Axial des engine, bes things in a top to bottom relationship te the A) True B) False 7 Unable to focus a borescope: could mean the tip requires AD repair B) replacement C) cleaning 8 An engine over temperature is a condition where EGT has exceeded the limits stated in the Engine Maintenance Manual A) True. B) False FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (ee MARCH 2000 9 How many igniter ports are there on a JYSD engine Al Bi? O98 bi? 10. Holes are designed inty the combustion chambers tos At reduce the weight of the eans B) cul the can and liners CC) support combustion Di both C and B 6-3ALERT SERVICE BULLETIN 5639 WORKSHEET Name __ Company. Instructor ee Note: Please include the location of the answer as found in ASBS639 Using ASB5639 as a reference answer the following questions: | ASB (Alect Service Bulletin) $639 applies to. which model or models of the JT8D? ge 2 There are three JT8D combustion chamber inspection methods listed in ASBS639. They are the _ method, method, and the method, 3 The requiremenis OF ASBS629 are elective as of 4 Initial inspection requirements for combustion chambers are based (on the category of the chamber being inspected. ‘These categories are given as Class 1A through Class 3, Fill in the categories that match the description given below. A. Non-first run chambers repaired by a minimum of 2nd through ‘6th non-coated liner replacement Category, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘te Maric 2000 }. Non-first run chan fers not incexporating either SB 5192 or SB 5199. Category. Mag-Zerk coated first run chambers hi 1g no weld repair. Category Un-coated non first run chambers ineorporating either SB $192 oF SB 5199 that have a two (2) inch circumferentiat crack that has been weld repaired. Category, Any chamber not specified as a category 1A, 1B, 2A, of 2B, Category Mag-Zerk coated non-tirst run chambers incorporating SB 5192 oF SB $199 having 3rd and 4th liner repair by replacement Category. 6-4ALERT SERVICE BULLETIN 5639 WORKSHEET Note: Please include the location of the answer as found in ASBS639 S. During borescope inspection it is noted that all nine chambers are Mag-Zerk coated and have louver cooled. number eleven {iners. No other background is known about these chambers. Given this information, you can assume that these chambers are ‘least category © ‘The only difference in the reinspection requirements for all category combustion chambers is the inspection interval based on the summation of circumferential eracks in any one liner. Determine which of the following statements is correct land civele the letter. (A, “B’ or °C’) A. Ia two 2) inch circumferential crack is found in one Jimer: ll category chambers must be reinspected! within 204) houry or 2000 eyeles. whichever comes firs B, Ml a owo (2) inch citeumferential crack is found in one liner: only category 3 chambers must be reinspected within 2000 hours or 1500 cycles. whichever “comes first, All other chambers must be reinspected within 3000 hours or 20H eycles, whichever occurs first C. AF a owo (2) inch circumferential crack is found in one Hiner: only category 3 chambers must he reinspeeted ‘within 3000 hours’ or 2000. cycles. whichever comes: first FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (6 MARCH 2000 10, I an axial crack 3 inches long intersects with a 2 inch Circumferential crack, what is. the recommended combustion chamber reinspection interval? —_ hours. 7 cycles During « combustion chamber borescope inspection 1t ts noted that @ chamber has shifted aft approximately 5/16 of an inch ‘What action, if uny, should be taken concerning this engine. When entering a combustion chamber from an adjacent chamber. the guide tube and borescope enier thiouyh either a Imule oF female crossover tube, Assuming that the inspection is Started from the number 4 combustion chamber. through which Crossover tube would the Kowescope enter in the following situations A. Number 3 Camber Male___ Female B. Number $ Camber Male. Female C. Number 2 Camber Male___Female__ D. Number 1 Camber Male. Female__ Borescope equipment other than that specified in P&W ASBS639 may be substituted provided no loss in effectiveness results. Any operalor wishing to use borescopes. érom other ‘manufactures should request appnwal from 6-5SECTION 7 COMBUSTION CHAMBER INSPECTION TABLE TOP EXERCISE WHEN YOU COMPLETE THIS EXERCISE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1 PROPERLY MAP DAMAGE FOUND WHILE CONDUCTING A COMBUSTION CHAMBER INSPECTION 2 VERIFY THE AIRWORTHINESS OF THE COMBUSTION CAN IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASB5639 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (68 Wan 2000,TABLE TOP EXERCISE Required Tools © Flashlight © Inspection Mirror Instructions Using the combustion chamber you have been given, perform the following 1. Select the map that matches the chamber you have been given, 7 Qn the map complete the information hlock Note: Chamber category and additional information will be given by the instructor. le of 4. Using a flashtight and mirror visually inspect the the combustion chamber, 4. Map and describe all damage found on the inside of the combustion can, Note: Reference figure | for measurements and figure 2 tor description reference. | TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Afler your inspection, assume that the combustion can you have mapped is the worst in the engine. Using ASB5639 as a reference, enter a recommendation as follows: A. Are-inspection interval in Hours/eycles B. Remove or non-revenue flightCOMBUSTION CH BER DIMENSIONS +1, -1A, -1B, -7, -7A, -7B, -9, -9A PRE/ POST ST8D-1, 1A, 1B, -7, -7A, -7B, -9, 9A O=28% OOo PLUNGED: HOLES LLtitaeireteererer| eg 3.250 j DILUTION HOLES sca Petron | ©¥29426.19980308 ™ FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (846 MARCH 2000 oze"t Se9's Si¥'L Ose" ose" ose'L geez osz't o1ozCOMBUSTION CHAMBER DIMENSIONS. -11, -15, -15A, -17, -17A, -17AR +24 882% SESE StY'L OSt"LOSE'L OSES Ooze) Oger oz 20427. 19990308 clock ram il 5:00 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 7-4 018 MARE-1 THROUGH -9A PRE SB5199 (crasenn sp9902z3 CHAMBER NUMBER ___CATEGORY _____ PRE SiB 5199 INSPECTOR ___ DATE _ POST SIB 5199 ______ COMPANY NAME FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY se MaFCH 2000,-1 THROUGH -9A POST SB5199 CHAMBER NUMBER ____ CATEGORY. PRE S/B 6199, _ INSPECTOR ______ DATE POST S/B 5199 __ COMPANY NAME __ FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY oe MAR-11 THROUGH -17AR PRE SB5192 ‘craoes2.19990222, PRE S/B 6192 a POST S/B 5192 CHAMBER NUMBER _ CATEGORY __ INSPECTOR __ DATE COMPANY NAME ___ FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (66 MARCH 800-11 THROUGH -17AR POST SB5192 CHAMBER NUMBER __ CATEGORY PRE SIB 5192 I INSPECTOR ss DATE POST S/B 5192 COMPANY NAME FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY oun aI a a, COMBUSTION CHAMBER INSPECTION ANALYSIS JT8D- Engine S/N Combustion Chamber Position $/B 5192 [Pre [7] Post s/B5199 []Pre [JPost Combustion Chamber Category [7] 28 Cis DISTRESS DIMENSIONS (As Applicable) LENGTH AREA LINER CLOCK POSITION finches) (square inches) 1 scares — as 2 i — —_— 3 i cate, ea a — ne oneal 5 — a ee 6 =. c ee 7 ee vm — 8 eros — ae 9 —. — — 10 es — Stites W ———- a ee DISPOSITION ' 1 Reinspect at__, hours/cycles | Remove engine from service UNOONTRGLL ED OR REFERENCE ONLY Pg. 65rouBustion Ceaser tONUaNIT ore OEE OLOE HCE Stet si¥'t OSeL oseL ose4 ‘SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS NOTED: ee UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT. FOR REFERENCE ONLYGLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS UPON COMPLETION OF THIS: LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. DEFINE GENERAL BORESCOPE TERMINOLOGY, 2. DEFINE FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE TERMINOLOGY AND RELATE THE TERMS TO ACTUAL FEATURES OF A FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 01 WPrSTB.39 eas90) Revised 11GLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS GENERAL An optical aberration in which the focal length of the sys- tem varies radially outward from the axis of the field Ti has the effect of making a straight ial line i Jeet appear curved in the image, either concave in (barrel distortion) or concave outwards (pincushion distor- tion). Straight radial lines remain straight in the image. Depth of Focus: he region in front of and behind the focused distance with- i which objects st c of acceptable sharp: ness for normal or correctec ight. In a fixed-focus tem, this parameter is often edlsaths Depthof Field. epiece of an optical instrument to The adjustment of the e} provide ocular accommodation of the eyesight differences of individual observers. Eyepiece: ‘The end of the borescope probe the ocular lens system, (either focusing or nonfocasing) which poe cie the Virtual image of the object to the observer, or, projects the res e ject through late lenses tothe fi plane of sil or seu peters coeas ies face plane of video camera tubes, Eye Relief: ‘The maximum distance between the eye of the observer and the first optical element of the eyepiece at which Ue fall image field is observed, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY car wesro.e eucane, Fiber Optics: An array vf flexible glass or plastic fibers which has the capabi of transmi it (random array) or an im- Soleo ore ugh the fiber bundle. Flexible Borescope: inspected without any visual aid and which are ac. cessible only along a curved path. Focusing: The adjustment, usually at the eyepiece of the borescope, which changes the objective focal distance, Image: A reproduction of an object produced by light rays. An im. forming optical system gathers a beam of light diverg- fog from an cbjoct point aed transfer es carers that converges toward another point, thus producing an image. ‘Magnification: The ratio of the apparent size of the image of an object seen through an optical ‘stem to that of the size of the object viewed by the unaided eye. In the cass of che gene scope, the magnification is defined as the ratio of the quo- tient of the size of an object viewed by the unaided eye and the distance the object is from the eye to the quotient of the apparent size of the object seen through bore- ‘scope and its distance from the borescope objective. RevisedGLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS GENERAL Objective Distance: ‘The distance, in inches or centimeters, from the object to the objective lens Objective Lens: ‘The optical lens that receives the light from the object, and ich forms the First image in the berescope, os Oe Om Ocular Accommodation: ‘The variations of the total aftacting power of the human eye that allows an observer to see objects at i tances. The limits of accommodation are the distances of the nearest and farthest points, defined as 10 inches to in- finity, thet oan be focused clearly by the eye of the observer, Overall Length: ‘The overall length, in inches or centimeters, of the bore- ‘scope from the tip at the objective end to the end of the eye- Bieto, but not including any semmech peed oF ee eve Relay Lenses: A series of optical inversion systems mounted in the work- ing length of the borescope which transmits the image from the objective to the eyepiece, Resolution: The ability of an optical s to distinguish individual points of an objec at a geen dina ee the objective end of the system, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY oor wersta.s9(o8ean0) Reticle: A pattern mounted in the focal plane of an eyepiece to measure or locate points on an image. Rigid Borescope: An optical instrument, consisting of a system of lense: mirrors/prisms, and an illumination means, all assemble into a rigid tube, which allows inspection of cavities hav- ing straight-line acess. Sheathing: The covering over the working section of a flexible bore- Scope, which acts as a protection for the image bundle, the ight guide and the articulation control blades. ‘The athing may be constructed of a plastic material, a spi- | metal, a woven stainless steel mesh, or a combination thereof. Visual Acuity: ‘The numerical definition of the ability of an observer to Perceive fine detail of an object. The average value for an observer having normal vision is approximately one minute of arc, or 8 lines per millimeter at 250 millimeters. Working Channel: ‘An integral passageway that extends through the working fength 2 borescope which provides access fee tools, in- struments, fluids, ete., or extraction of samples. Also Seoyanen ints tact Channel or Tool 1. RevisedGLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS RIGID BORESCOPE Angle of Field: Tip Length: ‘The greatest angle between two ming from the ob- inches or millimeters, from the end of the throu jective lens into f o optical system. Also Probe to the intersection of the axis of the probe and the Enowa as Patt of ice Axial Angle of View: ‘The angle between the axis of the barrel of the working see- tion ofthe Borescope and the centerline of tee Segre Also known as Direction of View. Circumferential Angle of View: ‘The circumferential orientation of the image field axis with Fespect to the axis of the light guide attachment is defined by the angle clockwise from the axis of the light guide at- tachment to the axis of the image field, as viewed irom the ‘eyepiece toward the borescope tip. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY or worste en eacaeg, ‘The size of the cylindrical cross section of the wo gion of the rigid probe, measured in sandths of an inch or in . This parameter is also known as the Outside Diameter. Working Length: iform circular cross section barrel region to the first en- larged area of the probe, generally the area where the fi- ber light source is coupled fo the borescope,LW - WORKING LENGTH LT - TIP LENGTH DW - WORKING DIAMETER (OUTSIDE DIAMETER) OF - ANGLE OF FIELD (FIELD OF VIEW) ®VA- AXIAL ANGLE OF VIEW (DIRECTION OF VIEW) \ | / oF b+ @VC - CIRCUMFERENTIAL ANGLE OF VIEW CT 9332 2-89 oft GID. BORESCOPE PROBE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS (1 WePSTB.4a0 (s40340) 15GLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE Articulation: ‘The capability of a flexible borescope, in which the axis of the tp section, whit mnteias the tbjective lens, canbe remotely deflected in a plane with respect to the axis of the undeflected working section of the borescope. Articulation Bend Radius: The radius, in inches or millimeters, to which the center- line of the articulating section of the borescope can be bent without causing damage to the borescope protective sheath- ing or the enclosed fiber bundles, ‘The distance, in inches or millimeters, from the end of the flexible probe tip to the beginning of the flexible section where articulation deflection i accomplished. ‘The angle, in degrees, betw: the axis of the articulated mopectiy rae ic Deen ete at rect light guide entrance is considered to Positive, and deflection is the direction of the feke seine entrance is considered to be negative. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY oo) WePSTB 8 (e900) Axial Angle of View: ‘The angle, in degrees, between the axis of the field of view and the axis of the articulating section. Also known as Di rection of View. Circumferential Angle of Articulation: The angle, in between the plane of articulation a the plane d fined by the axis of the eyepiece and the axis of the light guide entering the eyepiece assembly, measured count ise from the light guide-eyepiece plane, as viewed from the eyepiece. Circumferential Angle of View: ‘he angle; in degrees, between the axis of the feld of view and the plane of articulation, measured counterclockwise ima plane perpendicular to the axis of the articulating sec- tinn, as viewed from the eyepiece. RevisedLA - ARTICULATION SECTION LENGTH @AA- AXIAL ANGLE OF ARTICULATION RA- ARTICULATION BEND RADIUS IRCUMFERENTIAL ANGLE . cl OAC OF ARTICULATION. ‘AXIAL ANGLE 8VA~ OF VIEW ms = CIRCUMFERENTIAL Loe OVC~ ANGLE OF VIEW PLANE OF ARTICULATION CONTROL ARTICULATION. INTEGRAL LIGHT GUIDE FLEXIBILE BORESCOPE PROBE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY PHYSICAL PARAMETERS cn wrPsrs sou 17GLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE ‘The radius, in inches millimeters, to which th iter- line of the werk section mf the borescops canbe bent without causing damage to the boreacope cortege ns eet ing or the enclosed ber bundles, ""°Pe Protective ‘Vin Tangth: The distance, in inches or millimeters, from the end of the probe to the intersection of the axis of the pruve Lip and the axis of the field of view. The distance, in inches or centimeters, from the center of a action Rech reer seg the uniform cross section ion en- larged area of the borescope, =e FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 21 wmpsTe.e9 fxn)LT. TIP LENGTH LW - WORKING LENGTH Rw. WORKING SECTION BEND RADIUS 0 F- ANGLE OF FIELD INTEGRAL LIGHT GUIDE FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE PROBE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY PHYSICAL PARAMETE RS ot wrpsTe.ne occa 19GLOSSARY OF BORESCOPE TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS - SECTION 1 1. The adjustment of the eyepiece of an ap optical instra- rent to accommodate for eyesight differences of indi. vidual observers a ezowes 3 A B. ©. D. Magnification. Visual acuity. Depth of focus. Diopter correction. 2. The image in a pete horescope is transmitted back to the eyepiece A. Sop Relay lenses, Series of objective lenses, Coherent fiber optics bundle. A noncoherent fiber optics bundle. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY oor wrPsro.e3(ounsn) Revised 1-10BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT UPON COMPLETION OF THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1, STATE THE MAJOR PURPOSE, CAPABILITY AND ADVANTAGES OF BORESCOPE INSPECTION. 2. IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF BASIC BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT AND THE FUNCTION OF EACH COMPONENT. IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF RIGID BORESCOPE EYEPIECES AND PROBE TIPS. IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE PROBES. IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE BORESCOPE LIGHT SOURCE. IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF OPTIONAL BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT. STATE SOME ESSENTIAL GOOD PRACTICES YOU SHOULD OBSERVE IN THE CARE, HANDLING AND STORING OF BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT. STATE SOME POOR PRACTICES THAT YOU SHOULD AVOID IN THE CARE, HANDLING AND STORING OF BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT. PPS 2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (2 weesrs.aue oun) Revised 24BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT GENERAL INTRODUCTION Purpose: ‘© The borescope is a precision optical instrument used to perform internal component inspection. © In gas turbine engine maintenance, are used to inspect visually inaccessible internal components in the compressor, combustor, and furbine otherwise would e time-consuming disassembly to view. © ‘Description: ‘© Borescopes can have either a rigid or flexible probe. The horescopes with a rigid probe sets the field of view with a fixed or movable mirror (or prism) inside the probe tip. Rigid probes are available i i probe diameters and working lengths with either ad- Justable or fixed focus eyepieces (oculars). © If the borescope has a flexible probe, the field of view 3s directed thru a remotaly controlled bending tip sec- © High-intensity light is transmitted from the light source to the probe tip thru the li Probe. by means of internal bu ed by a filter and the fiberg te, leaves the end of the probe tip. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 1 WrPSTB.20 490) © The ocular end can be fitted with interchangeable eyepieces and adapters which provide for viewing by ‘ne or two persons, These eyepieces can also provide for focusing, varying degrees of magnification (zoom), ana costo of the of view (seanning mirror or prism). * Adapters allow for the attachment of 35mm, Polar- oid, motion picture, or video cameras. For pieture-tak- ing applications, some sort of adapter is also attached to the outside of the engine to steady the equipment. © In ordor to insert the borescops iato-un engine, there must be a hole large enough to admit it. This hole can be exposed by removing a part such as an igniter, or by removing a borescope plug specifically designed to permit borescoping. © Borescope inspection by a trained observer can find almost all significant defects and damage conditions, Without the borescope, the modern concept of “on-condition maintenance" would not be practical RevisedUGHT TRANSMITTING CABLE: ADJUSTABLE EYEPIECE. TYPICAL CROSS SECTION THRU BORESCOPE PROBE LIGHT CABLE CT 3752 3-90 FOR TRAINING cunrose BASIC BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT 2-3NONFOCUSING EYEPIECE FOCUSING EYEPIECE ZOOM EYEPIECE CT 3753 2-89 RIGID BORESCOPES FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY or wopsTa.eouea96) 24wi | \ t # 1 i — \U/ - z 2 77 FORWARD FORE- OBLIQUE RIGHT-ANGLE RETROSPECTIVE - FIXED ANGLE MOVEABLE PRISM PRISM CONTROL- RIGID BORESCOPE PROBE TIPS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY crams? 25FOCUSING EYEPIECE FLEXIBLE TELESCOPE ‘SHEATH CONTROL UNIT DEFLECTING PROBE TIP BENDING SECTION FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY crane ct worse ouex09; 2-6ANGLE KNOB (RIGHT AND LEFT) ‘ANGLE KNOB (UP AND DOWN) ‘SIDE-VIEWING UIDE WINDOW OPTICAL ADAPTERS — 7 e50 FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE PROBE TIPS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONL’ cai wrPsro-uajeu0330) 27NO. 1 INTENSITY CONTROL NO. 2 LAMP OUTPUT NO. 3 ON/OFF SWITCH NO. 4 ON/OFF LAMP SWITCHES NO. 5 LAMP CURRENT LIGHT TRANSMITTING CABLE LIGHT SOURCES FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY cars ‘ar WoreTEsu ane) 28MAGNIFICATION ADAPTER ANGLE ATTACHMENT T3763 4-88 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘ar wensta orarouranoyFOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 80) 35 MM CAMERA AND BORESCOPE ADAPTER OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT ENGINE SUPPORT FIXTURE FOR PHOTOGRAPHY cT 3764 4-88a worsTao ueaee, MONITOR CT 6944 2-89‘A BORESCOPE EXPOSED TO TEMPERATURES EX- USING A RIGID BORESCOPE AS A PRY-BAR COULD CEEDING 149°F (65°C) FOR LONG PERIODS OF EASILY RENDER YOUR INSTRUMENT USELESS. TIME MAY REQUIRE EXTENSIVE REPAIRS. RADIATION YOUR RIGID BORESCOPE WAS NOT DESIGNED TO EXPOSURE TO RADIATION WILL TURN BRIGHT, WITHSTAND UNDUE PRESSURE. . .OF COURSE, IT HEALTHY OPTICS BROWN, REDUCING LIGHT AND. WILL BREAK, IMAGE TRANSMISSION. cr 20071 2-89 HOW TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO A BORESCOPE 1 OF 2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONL’ co ener 21388) 2-12« pa fo BO.iESCOP NOT DESIGNED TO BE suB- WHEN LESS THAN REASONABLE CARE IS USED, A MERGED Iv Li 9, WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND. FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE MAY “HANG.UP”. TRY YOU TRY ANO) 4..R SUITABLE METHOD. EVERYTHING ELSE BEFORE YOU YANK IT OUT. IT’S FLEXIBLE AND MANEUVERABLE. GIVE IT A CHANCE, WHEN YOUR SCOPE !S NOT AT WORK, KEEP IT IN A PLACE THAT'S SAFE FROM THE RAVAGES OF THE UNTRAINED. IT'S AN INSTRUMENT NOT A WRENCH. IT COMES IN A PROTECTIVE CASE, SHOULD YOUR BORESCOPE BECOME OVERTIRED AND DEVELOP HEADACHES, DON'T TAKE 2 ASPI. RIN, BUT DO INSURE ITS REPAIR IS PERFORMED BY A QUALIFIED AUTHORIZED SERVICE FACIL. craze HOW TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO A BORESCOPE 2 OF 2 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY ‘otaeora 2413BORESCOPE EQUIPMENT REVIEW QUESTIONS - SECTION 2 1. Of the four borescope rescope handling ractices listed below, enti one that apis mainly tm the flexible bore. Do not submerge the borescope in water. ‘Do not expose the borescope to radiation, ‘Do not yank out the borescope if it hangs up. Do not expose the borescope to excessive heat, SiS ectergs bee erin 149°F (65°C) 159°F (70.6°C) 169°F (76.1°C) 180°F (82°C) EBS ey i > so fF FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 21 WRPSTE-o (ou0590)ENGINE GASPATH ACCESS (JT8D-1 THRU -17AR) UPON COMPLETION OF THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE To: 1. STATE THE LOCATION GF BORESCOPE ACCESS PORTS BY STAGE OR STATION AND THE PART(S) YOU WILL BE ABLE TO INSPECT AT EACH LOCATION. 2. STATE THE LOCATION OF THE CRANKING PROVISION FOR ROTATING THE REAR COMPRESSOR/REAR COMPRESSOR DRIVE TURBINE ROTOR. 3. IDENTIFY THOSE BORESCOPE ACCESS PORTS WHERE YOU WILL NEED TO REMOVE re bene COMPONENTS BEFORE PERFORMING A BORESCOPE INSPECTION AT. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 001 WPPSTB.84 (ousH0) Revised aSTATION 3 IGNITER PORT (6th STAGE) (7th STAGE) JT8D B SCOPE ACCESS PORTS - RIGHT SIDE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY(6th STAGE) IGNITER PORT (7th STAGE) or rare 390 on tate, BORESCOPE ACCESS PORTS - LEFT SIDE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 33ENGINE GASPATH ACCESS JT8D-1 THRU -17AR ENGINE GASPATH Distance Access Engine Cinkins Parts Viewable Miaspan, i Tesla Port Location fromRear for Inspection Inches (mm) Station3 Fan Dischi 4:30 & 7:30 Rear of 6th C-Blade 1.0 (25.4) eee Front Outer” Frontofthe 7th C-Blade 704% iter Port Fan Di 4:30 & 7:30 Combustion Chamber TepllerBore Pea Fuel Nozzles * Turbine Outer Ist Stage Nozzle Guide Vanes ** Duct Jet Stage Turbine Blades ++ * With rigid b 9 2.5" (63.5 mm) ** With rigid wea beet 21" (533.4 a ‘*** With rigid borescope 24” (609.6 Note: for a closer inspection. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 1 WHPSTBL (02191) fe Pith a flexible borescope you can maneuver extremely close to the componentsSTATION 3 JT8D BORESCOP FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYIGNITER PORT CT 6943 3-90 )PE ACCESS PORTS 3-56th Ae STATOR aoe (INTERMEDIATE CASE) INTERMEDIATE CASE: BORESCOPE PLUG FAN DUCT. STATION 3 BORESCOPE ACCESS PORT FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYBLEED PORT 6MM FLEXIBLE BORESCOPE 7th STAGE STATOR ASSEMBLY ‘7th STAGE BLADE 6th STAGE BLADE 6th STAGE VANE (INTERMEDIATE CASE) STATION 3 BORESCOPE ACCESS THRU 6TH STAGE BLEED FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY orrame 3-7ENGINE GASPATH ACCESS (JT8D-1 THRU. -17AR) REVIEW QUESTIONS - SECTION 3 1 To, inspect the Ist stage turbine blades ‘access would Sopp From the igniter port with rigid borescope. From the igniter port with flexible borescope. ‘Through the exhaust case with rigid borescope. ‘Through the exhaust case with flexible boreseope, 2. Which pad on the gearbox would you use to rotate the Tear compressor. A. B. c. D. Starter Constant speed drive alternator Hydraulic pump Fuel pump/fuel control. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION UPON COMPLETION OF THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. NAME THE FEATURES/SURFACES YOU ARE REQUIRED TO INSPECT ON: - COMPRESSOR BLADES - TURBINE 1ST STAGE VANES - TURBINE BLADES 2. IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF DISTRESS YOU MUST LOOK FOR ON: - COMPRESSOR BLADES ~ TURBINE af a VANES - TURBINE BLADES 3. NAME THE FEATURES/SURFACES YOU ARE REQUIRED TO INSPECT WHEN. BORESCOPING THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. 4. NAME THE TYPES OF DeTAEsS YOU MUST LOOK FOR WHEN BORESCOPING THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 1ENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION COMPRESSOR AREA BLADE FEATURES © Concave airfoil ~ Portion of blade which is curved inward. © Convex airfoil ~ Portion of blade which is curved outward. © Fillet area ~ Radius at the inside commer of the airfoil and plat- form. © Leading edge ~ The foremost edge of the airfoil. © Trailing edge "The rearmost edge ofthe airfoil. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5-2AIRFOIL CONVEX AIRFOIL FILLET AREA 6th STAGE 7th STAGE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY JRAILING “epaes EDGE CONVEX AIRFOIL ——}->— —«———-CONCAVE ‘AIRFOIL, FILLET AREA. 13th STAGE JT8D COMPRESSOR BLADES 5-3DENT CRACK NICK COMPRESSOR BLADE INSPECTION DISTRESS DEFINITIONS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYLiner Lip Cooling Air Holes and Cooling Air Slots Combustion Air Holes Dilution Holes Cross-over Tubes Deflector ENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER ASSEMBLY Part Function ‘Structural sections which form the combustion chamber Direet film of cooling air onto downstream liner Allow secondary airflow to enter the chamber for cooling the walls of the liners © Direct combustion air toward fuel spray © Direct cooling dilution air to mix with and reduce overall temperature of hot gases © Direct cooling air into hot gases within the combustion chamber © Reduce ove all gas temperature to protect turbine component: downstream For propagation of flame uniformly to all the chambers Keeps chamber cool in the area of the fuel nozzle FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2 woes oat ous)INNER PLATFORM LEADING EDGE. (INNER BUTTRESS) |—~<—__—— TRAILING EDGE CONVEX: AIRFOIL COOLING AIR HOLES CONCAVE AIRFOIL OUTER PLATFORM (OUTER BUTTRESS) AST STAGE NOZZLE GUIDE VANE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION TURBINE AREA TURBINE 1ST STAGE VANE DISTRESS DEFINITIONS —— discolor — Structur: evidenced ‘ation of material enunod by bof gases passing scleegtion of surface. © Erosion ~ A Sond eulting fom the carrying amay of ma © Crack ~ A narrow surface opening where material has sepa- rated. ° HalBdation (Hot earrosion) A chemical reaction of a nickel base alloy to the nce of sulfur and an alkaline catalyst in a Figh tectperstary he atmosphere. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5-14ENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION TURBINE AREA 1ST AND 2ND STAGE TURBINE BLADE FEATURES ‘© Concave airfoil ~ Portion of blade which is curved inward. © Convex airfoil "Boron of the blade which is curved outward. Fillet area ~ Radius at the inside corner of the airfoil and plat- form. © Leading - The ie edge of the airfoil. © Trailing edge ~ The rearmost edge of the airfoil. © Tip shroud area ~ Area at tip of blade which forms a circumferential air sealing surface. FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5-16ENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION TURBINE AREA 1ST AND 2ND STAGE TURBINE BLADE FEATURES © Concave airfoil ~ Portion of blade which is curved inward, © Convex airfoil ~ Portion of the blade which is curved outward. © Fillet area ~ Radius at the inside corner of the airfoil and plat- form. © Leading - rae oc enock eden of the as © Trailing edge ~ The reatmost edge ofthe airfoil. © Tip shroud area ~ Area at tip of blade which forms a circumferential air sealing surface, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5-16TIP SHROUD AREA TRAILING EDGE CONVEX AIRFOIL CONCAVE AIRFOIL — LEADING CONVEX AIRFOIL EDGE — TRAILING EDGE 1st STAGE 2nd STAGE FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY TURBINE BLADES 517ENGINE GASPATH INSPECTION TURBINE AREA Ba oe Pat Cen ToS BLADE © Burn ~ Structural nes evidenced siete f material = P over the blade surface. © Erosion - Acondition from the carrying away of ma. terial by the yaw oft poace © Crack ~ A narrow surface opening where material has sepa- rated. © Suliidaiios (Hot corrosion) ~ A chemical reactions of a nickel base alloy to the ‘uce of sulfur and an alkaline catalyst in a Bight temperature atmosphere, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY (1 wereTesu4 neste) 5-18TURBINE BLADE INSPECTION DISTRESS DEFINITIONS FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYENGINE GASPATH ACCESS (JT8D-200 SERIES) REVIEW QUESTIONS - SECTION 5 1. The function of the liner lin is to: 3. The Pratt & Whitney Maintenance Manual specifies that no damage is permitted on which area of a compressor blade? A. Direct combustion air toward fuel. A. Conver airfoil B. Direct cooling air onto the downstream liner. B. Concave airfoil C. Direct cooling air over ihe surface of the deflector. C. Fillet area D. Direct cooling air into hot gases within the com- bustion chamber. D. Leading edge 2. Which of the following terms best describes the re- moval of material by the nonchemieal action of hot gases? A. Burning B. Erosion C. Corrosion D. Sulfidation FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 5-20DATA AND WORKSHEETS UPON COMPLETION OF THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: 1. DEMONSTRATE HOW TO USE THE GASPATH INSPECTION WORKSHEETS FOR: ~ COMPRESSOR BLADES ~ TURBINE 1ST STAGE VANES - TURBINE BLADES FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYDATA AND WORKSHEETS. JT8D-1 THRU -17AR AIRFOIL DIMENSIONS: (TYPICAL) Leading Edge =< Eo 6 62 3.580 (90.93) 7 60 2.920 (74.17) 13 14 1.120 (28.45) 1.090 (27.69) FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY hora With ches Gas} 1.440 (36.58) 1.505 (38.23) -782 (19.86) 6-21st STAGE 30 BLADES (1-7) 27 BLADES (9-17AR) ‘rd STAGE 64 BLADES 4th STAGE 62 BLADES 5th STAGE 64 BLADES. 6th STAGE 62 BLADES Dc pe 13th STAGE 74 BLADES 12th STAGE 80 BLADES. 11th STAGE 70 BLADES 10th STAGE 64 BLADES Sth STAGE 60 BLADES 8th STAGE 58 BLADES 7th STAGE 60 BLADES COMPRESSOR BLADE COUNT AND LOCATION (JT8D-1 THRU -17AR) 6-3 2nd STAGE 42 BLADES 40 BLADES Ethan) { FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYDATA AND WORKSHEETS JT8D-1 THRU -17AR AIRFOIL DIMENSIONS. (TYPICAL) (Continued) Leading Edge ‘Trailing Edge Chord Width ‘Turbine Number Length, Length, Center Line, Stage Inches (mm) Inches (mm) Inches (mm) Ist. Nozzle 46 8.045 (77.34) 8.150 (80.01) * ide Vane (1, thru -94) 80 3.425 (86.10) 8.485 (88.52) 1.210 (30.73) 1(-11, thru -17R) 80 8.390 (86.11) 3.450 (87.63) 1.226 (81.12) 1(-15A, -17A,-17AR) 64 3.350 (85.09) 3.515 (89.28) 1.385 (35.18) * Dimension will vary with vane part number, FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY1st STAGE 46 VANES 2nd STAGE 95 VANES 3rd STAGE 79 VANES 4th STAGE 77 VANES. 4th STAGE 74 BLADES rd STAGE 92 BLADES 2nd STAGE 88 BLADES 1st STAGE 80 BLADES TURBINE BLADE AND VANE COUNT AND LOCATION (JT8D-1 THRU -17AR) FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLYDATA AND WORKSHEETS JT8D-217, -217A, -217G, -219 AIRFOIL DIMENSIONS (TYPICAL) —— =~ so Stage Inches Inches | Inches (mm) 6 60 8.580 (90.93) 3.460 (87.88) 1.440 (36.58) 7 60 2.920 (74.17) 2.710 (68.83) 1.505 (38.23) 13 4 1.120 (28.45) 1.090 (27.69) .782 (19.86) FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY