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PLANT INSPECTION

Why the Inspection Accidents do not just happen, they are caused and to prevent them it is obvious that we must discover the factors that caused them. Process for Safety Inspection as Compared to Preventive Medicine: 1. Detect- Examine the plant and its operation and look for hazards--as a doctor examines the patient for symptoms of the ailment 2. Analyze- Analyze the particular hazard(s) for potential accident producing causes-- as a doctor diagnoses the symptoms leading up to the diseases 3. Correct- Recommend corrective measures-- as a doctor writes a prescription. Inspection Types 1. Continuous Activity This type of inspection is a continuing plant activity to discover condition that, if uncorrected, may lead to accidents and injuries which are essential to a first rate safety performance. 2. Preventive Maintenance This type is a scheduled safety inspection carried on by the plants maintenance personnel or plant engineer to prevent breakdowns and lengthen the life of machines and equipment. 3. Special Inspections This type of inspection is usually in the form of investigations and made for special information purposes. They are usually made at the request of management, labor, etc. 4. One Call This type of inspection is done in accordance to a regularly scheduled visit at definite periodic intervals usually, yearly. As this function is usually the governments part of the safety inspection. Step in One Call Inspection 1. Planning a. Review files for previous inspections data. b. Study hazards connected with the kind of plant in question.

c. Prepare a check list of items to look for. d. Check inspection equipment to take with you. e. Develop inspection itinerary. 2. Entering the Plant a. Call on to the Chief Executive. b. Get description of plant safety program. c. Review plant injury records. 3. Factory Inspection Procedure a. Ask for a guide and determine route of inspection. b. Examine everything and ask plenty of questions. c. Discuss all your suggestions with the department head. Since the government safety inspector has a very limited time in this appraisal of the condition of the plant that he is inspecting to base his reports and recommendations and still be well informed to be able to stimulate adequate corrective action, the inspector should be systematic in his procedure. This is necessary to be able to draw a reliable and convincing conclusion to present to the management and arouse in him a belief in safety practice. To attain this end, successful insurance and government safety engineers prepare a form of a check list of conditions, factors and other matters that they should definitely investigate. List of items that should be looked into suggested by Mr. Rolando A. Blake: 1. Housekeeping 2. Material handling methods 3. Adequate aisle space 4. Guarding of transmission machinery 5. Point-of-operation guard 6. Maintenance 7. Hand tools 8. Ladders, portable steps, etc. 9. Hand trucks, power trucks, wheelbarrows, buggies, etc. 10. Floors, platforms, stairs, railways 11. Cranes, hoists, derricks, plant railways 12. Lighting 13. Electrical equipment, particularly extension cords 14. Elevator 15. Eye protection 16. Other personal protective equipment 17. Dusts, fumes., gases vapors

18. Pressure vessels 19. Any other explosive hazards as volatiles, gases, chemicals 20. Other dangerous substance 21. Ceiling methods 22. Inspection of chains, cables, slings and other lighting tackle 23. Access the overload equipment 24. Exit 25. Yards, roofs and roadways 26. Any other conditions suggested by the accident records PLANT A LOOKING GLASS BEFORE MY EYES SO I CAN SEE MYSELF PASS BY This saying from the Notes on Safety Engineering by Remigio F. Bernal implies that we should always be aware of all the things around us. Each one of us should be a keen observer for us to see the things that may harm us. Standard Inspection Procedure The inspection procedure shall be worked out in such an order so as not to leave any condition uncovered or any hazards uncorrected. A Detailed Inspection: Under Housekeeping: 8. Marked aisle lines

1. Loose material and objects under foot 2. Loose material and objects overhead 3. Piling 4. Project nails 5. Disposal of scrap and waste 6. Grease, water or oil spillage 7. Tool housekeeping

9. Window cleanliness 10. Painting 11. General cleanliness 12. Orderliness 13. Fire hazard 14. Etcetera

Most inspection units have very limited personnel. The numbers of plants for exceed the work load of each inspector so that in a one call type of inspection there must be some system for inspection.

Advantages of Uniform or Standard Procedure: 1. Systematic Training- New inspectors are easier to train or to instruct if forethought dictates the system and materials are presented logically. 2. Uniform Information- Each inspector obtains the same information at different locations or the same information can be checked at one place at different visits. 3. Better public relation- Too many visits for the same information irritates the management. Systematic inspection are smooth, fast and informative. 4. Service-increased- More visits can be made per inspector at the same length of time because time is not washed on unessential. The inspector knows that what he wants and get in rapidly. Three General Important Parts of an Inspection According to Romegio F. Bernal: 1. The initial interview 2. The inspection Trip 3. The presentation of the findings to the Management The Initial Interview The first person tossed in the plant should be the operating executive together with the safety engineer of the plant. Explain to him the purpose of the visit and the procedure on how to tour the plant. Find from him their past safety performance and arrange for a conference at the end of the inspection tour. Inspection Trips Donts: 1. Do not argue with the foreman or superintendent over a safety measure. 2. Do not discuss recommendations made at other plant. 3. Do not lecture to employees unless authorized. 4. Do not shut down unsafe operations during the inspection. 5. Do not speak to workers unless with the approval of the foreman or the employee accompanying you.

A definite inspection plan should be followed preferably by following the process flow of materials. The inspector must discuss his observations intelligently and recommendation should be practical to be acceptable and helpful. The inspection trip should give every information to the inspector to be able to present convincing and sound recommendations to the management arouse his interest. To attain this, the inspector should be competent. Presentation of Findings Much of the success in the inspection trip will depend on this phase of the inspection of the schedule. The inspector must be a good as a salesman dealing on actual conditions and facts to sell his product. The inspector must realize and bear in mind that almost everybody will have more interest in the following program he has a part in forming so that a corrective program shall be formed out in the discussion from varying viewpoints brought out in the conference and not based on recommendations presented alone by the inspector. The Inspection Report The government safety inspection office has inspection report blank which shall be filled out. Report on occupational disease, serious accidents, special unsafe conditions, management attitudes, etc., usually require narrative report. Blanks on this report shall not be left unfilled. Such vague expressions as adequate, enough, substantial, suitable. Etc., which tell nothing must be avoided. AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS WORTH A POUND CURE

BUILDING CODE
CHAPTER 1 General Provisions Requirements for Securing Building Permit 1A In Care the Applicant is the Registered Owner of the Lot: a. Certified copy of TCT (5 Xerox copies) b. Tax Declaration of the lot (5xerox copies)

c. Real Property Tax of the lot for the current year (5xerox copies) 1B In Care the Applicant is not the Registered Owner of the Lot: a.)Duly notarized copy of the Contract of Lease, or (5 Xerox copies) b.)Duly notarized copy of the Absolute Sale, or (5xerox copies) c.)Duly notarized copy of the Contract of Sale (5xerox copies) 2A FIVE (5) sets of corresponding plans & specification signed and sealed by a duly licensed Architect of Civil Engineer. 2B 2C By a registered Mechanical Engineer in case of mechanical plans. By a registered Electrical Engineer in care of electrical plans.

2D By a registered Sanitary Engineer of Master Plumber in case of plumbing and sanitary installation plans (2A to 2D should be in BLUE PRINT COPIES) 2E Design analysis for all building( with seismic analysis for building above seven (7) meters in height). 2F 2G Structural design analysis for building three (3) storeys and above. Cylinder test for beams, columns, footings and floor slabs.

2H Boring/Plate Load Test for building for (4) storeys and above). (2G & 2H During Construction) III ZONING RECEIPT

IV BARANGAY CLEARANCE for building permit where the proposed project is located ( 5 Xerox copies) SECTION 104. General Building Requirements a) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all respects to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they are designed. SECTION 104. General Building Requirements b. Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards.

c. Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and food working condition. Section 105. Site Requirements The land or site upon which will be constructed any building or structure, or any ancillary or auxiliary facility thereto, shall be sanitary, hygienic or safe. In case of sites or buildings intended for use as human habitation or abode, the same shall be at safe distance, as determined by competent authorities, from sterns or bodies of water and/or sources of air considered to be polluted, from a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building considered to be a potential source of fire or explosion. Section 214. Dangerous and Ruinous Buildings or Structures Dangerous building are those which are herein declared as such or are structurally unsafe or not provided with safe egress, or which constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life, or which in relation to existing use, constitute a dilapidation, obsolescence or abandonment; or which otherwise contribute to the pollution of the site or community to an intolerable degree. Section 215. Abatement of Dangerous Buildings When any building or structure is found or declared to be dangerous or ruinous, the Building Official shall order its repair, vacation or demolition depending upon the degree of danger to life, health or safety. This is without prejudice to further action that may be taken under the provisions of Articles 482 and 694 to 707 of the Civil Code of the Philippines. Section 301. Building Permits No person, firm or corporation, including any agency or instrumentality of the government shall erect, construct, alter, repair, move, convert or demolish any building or structure or cause the same to be done without first obtaining a building permit therefore from the Building Official assigned in the place where the subject building is located or the building work is to be done.

PSME CODE
Article 1.2 Requirements for Permit Application 1.2.1 All proposed installations, additions or alterations involving machinery, mechanical equipment or process shall be covered by the following plans and specifications prepared by or under the supervision of a Professional Mechanical Engineer signed and sealed by same. Such plans in triplicate shall accompany applications for installation and operation permit.

Article 2.3 General Requirements 2.3.1 Space Requirements 2.3.1.1 Work rooms (referring to maintenance shop and maintenance room) shall be at least 3,000 mm in height from floor to ceiling. 2.3.1.2 The maximum number of persons working or will be working shall not exceed one person per 12 cubic meter. In calculating the working space requirement, no deduction shall be made for benches or other furniture, machines or material but height exceeding 3000 mm shall be excluded. 2.3.2 Crowding of floor Space 2.3.2.1 The floor space in a machine room shall strictly follow safety requirements and shall not be crowded with machineries in a manner dangerous to employees, or be over crowded with materials or products so as to constitutes hazards to them. 2.3.2.2 Sufficient space shall be provided around the individual machine or process units to allow for normal operation, adjustments, ordinary repairs, and for material supplied, in process or completed. 2.3.3 Stumbling Hazard: 2.3.3.1 The parts of floor over which any person is liable to work shall be sufficiently even to afford safe walking and safe trucking of materials. 2.3.3.2 Such parts shall be free from holes and splinters, improperly fitted covers for gutters or conduits, protruding nails and bolts, projecting valves or pipes, or other projections and obstructions which might create stumbling hazards. 2.3.4 Slipping Hazards 2.3.2.1 Floors, stair treads and landings shall not be slippery under any condition or made of any material which will become slippery through wear. In the case of concrete stairs, it should have a rough finish and for steel stairs, checkered plate or standard metals and non-slip strips shall be used. 2.3.4. Stairways, ramps, elevators, platforms and similar places where slipping may be especially hazardous, shall be provided with non-slip walkway surfaces. Article 2.5 Anti-Pollution For Industrial Building 2.5.1 All machines/equipment which characteristically generate noise shall be provided with appropriate enclosures to control emissions so as not to cause ambient noise level higher

than the quality standards set by the government agency concerned. If impractical, the buildings housing the same should be appropriately designed or should be provided with means to achieve compliance with the standards. 2.5.2 Building intended for noisy manufacturing activities should be appropriately designed or should be provided with means so as not to cause ambient noise level higher than the standards set by the government agency concerned. References: Notes on Safety Engineering by Remigio F. Bernal PSME CODE 1894 PSME COCE 1993 National Building Code of the Philippines

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