SEKOLAH AGAMA MENENGAH BESTARI JALAN USJ 5/3A, SUBANG JAYA UJIAN PRESTASI 2 TINGKATAN 4 Jawab semua soalan.

Setiap soalan diikuti dengan empat pilihan jawapan A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul bagi setiap soalan dan hitamkan pada ruang jawapan yang disediakan. 1 Protein is made up of Protein dihasilkan daripada A. fatty acids / asid lemak B. amino acids / asid amino C. nucleic acids / asid nukleik D. mineral salts / garam mineral Haemoglobin is an example of a Hemoglobin adalah contoh bagi A. primary structure of protein / protein struktur primer B. secondary structure of protein / protein struktur sekunder C. tertiary structure of protein / protein struktur tertier D. quaternary structure of protein / protein struktur kuartener Amino acids are linked together to form a Asid amino dirangkai bersama membentuk A polypeptide / polipeptida B. polynucleotide / polinukleotida C. polysaccharide / polisakarida D. polyribosome / poliribosomc A dipeptide can be broken down into amino acids by the process of Dipeptida boleh diuraikan kepada asid amino melalui proses A. condensation / kondensasi B. heating / pemanasan C. acids addition / penambahan asid D. hydrolysis / hidrolisis What is the type of protein structure that both enzymes and hormones have ? Apakah jenis struktur protein bagi enzim dan hormon? A. Primary / primer B. Secondary / sekunder C. Tertiary / tertier D. Quaternary / kuartener The process when two amino acids are joined together is called Proses apabila dua asid amino bergabung bersama dikenali sebagai A. hydrolysis / hidrolisis B. deamination / deaminasi C. condensation / kondensasi D. synthesis / sintesis

Diagram 1 shows the molecular structure of proteins.

4-1

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur molekul bagi protein.

Figure 1

Y Diagram 1/ Rajah 1

Which protein structure do X, Y and Z belong to? Manakah struktur protein bagi X, Y dan Z? A. B. C . D . X Tertiary/tertier Primary/primer Secondary/sekunder Quaternary/kuartener Y Quaternary/kuartener Secondary/sekunder Primary/primer Tertiary/tertier Z Primary/primer Tertiary/tertier Quaternary/kuartener Secondary/sekunder

Which of the following are functions of proteins ? Manakah antara berikut ialah pungsi protein? I. Formation of some hormones / pembentukan beberapa hormon II. Enzyme production / penghasilan enzim III. Repair and built new tissue / membaiki dan membina tisu yang baru IV. Energy production / penghasilan tenaga A. B. C. D. I and II only I, II and III only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV

Which of the following elements are found in proteins? Manakah antara unsur berikut, yang terdapat dalam protein? I. Carbon / Karbon II. Nitrogen / Nitrogen III. Sulphur / Sulfur IV. Phosphorus / Fosforus A. B. C. D. I and II only III and IV only I, II and IV only I, II, III and IV

10 Which of the following statements are true about essential amino acids?

4-2

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar tentang asid amino perlu? I. Cannot be synthesised by human body Tidak boleh disintesiskan oleh badan manusia II. Must be taken in with food. Mesti diperolehi dalam makanan yang diambil III. Examples are lysine and valine Contohnya ialah lysine dan valine IV. derived from other amino acids. berasal daripada asid amino lain A. I and II only B. III and IV only C. I, II and IV only D. I, II and III only 11 Among the elements in the cell, which are found in lipid ? Di antara unsur-unsur dalam sel, yang mana didapati dalam lipid? A. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen / Karbon, nitrogen dan oksigen B. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen / Karbon, hydrogen dan oksigen C. Carbon, hydrogen and sulphur / Karbon, hydrogen dan sulfur D. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus / Karbon, nitrogen dan fosforus 12 How many fatty acids chains are in a phospholipids molecule ? Berapa banyak rantai asid lemak di dalam molekul fosfolipid? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 13 A lipid is formed by condensation of Lipid terbentuk melalui kondensasi A. Amino acids and glucose / asid amino dan glukosa B. Amino acids and glycogen / asid amino dan glikogen C. Fatty acids and glycogen / asid lemak dan glikogen D. Fatty acids and glycerol / asid lemak dan gliserol 14 Which of the following are lipids ? Manakah antara yang berikut adalah lipid? I. Steroids / Steroid II. Triglycerides / Trigliserida III. Oils / Minyak IV. Waxes / Lilin A. B. C. D. I and II only I, II and III only II, III and IV only I, II, III and IV

15 Saturated fats / lemak tepu...... I. contains fatty acids which do not have double bonds between the carbons. Mengandungi asid lemak yang tiada ikatan ganda dua antara karbon. II. Contain fatty acids with double bonds between the carbon atoms. Mengandungi asid lemak yang mempunyai ikatan ganda dua antara atom karbon. III. are liquid at room temperature. Cecair pada suhu bilik IV. have a higher content of cholesterol

4-3

A. B. C. D.

Mempunyai kandungan kolesterol yang tinggi I and IV only II and III only I, III and IV only II, III and IV only

16 Which of the following is not true about the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats ? Manakah antara berikut yang tidak benar tentang perbezaan antara lemak tepu dengan lemak tak tepu? Saturated fat/lemak tepu Unsaturated fat/lemak tak tepu A. Of animal origin Of vegetable origin Daripada sumber haiwan Daripada sumber tumbuhan B. Usually in liquid form at room Usually solid at room temperature temperature Biasanya bentuk pepejal pada suhu Biasanya bentuk cecair pada suhu bilik bilik C. They are found in most vegetable They are found in butter and cheese products and oils Didapati di dalam mentega dan keju Didapati biasanya di dalam minyak sayuran D. They have one or more double bonds They do not have double bonds between their carbon atoms. between their carbon atoms Mempunyai satu atau dua ikatan Tidak mempunyai ikatan ganda dua ganda dua di antara atom karbon di antara atom karbon 17 Diagram 2 shows a structure of one lipid molecule. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu struktur molekul lipid.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2 The part labelled Q represents / Bahagian yang berlabel Q mewakili A. phosphate / fosfat B. glycerol / gliserol C. fatty acids / asid lemak D. amino acids / asid amino 18 Lipid is needed to form P while cellulose is needed to form Q. What are P and Q ? Lipid diperlukan untuk mebentuk P sementara selulosa diperlukan untuk membentuk Q. Apakah P dan Q? Compound P Compound Q A. Protoplasm / Protoplasma Cell wall / Dinding sel B. Plasma membrane / membran plasma Cell wall / dinding sel C. Cell wall / dinding sel Protoplasm / Protoplasma D Cell wall / dinding sel Plasma membrane / Membran plasma 19 Enzymes are made up of

4-4

Enzim diperbuat daripada A. carbohydrate / karbohidrat B. proteins / protein C. lipids / lipid D. fibres / serat 20 Which of the following is not true about general characteristic of enzyme? Manakah antara berikut yang tidak benar tentang cirri-ciri umum bagi enzim? A. Enzyme action is specific Tindakan enzim adalah spesifik B. Active at temperatures exceeding 60oC Aktif pada suhu melebihi 60oC C. Sensitive to changes in pH Sensitif kepada perubahan pH D. Accelerates the rate of biochemical reactions Meningkatkan kadar tindak balas biokomia 21 Diagram 3 shows a stained shirt being washed by detergent containing pepsin at 20oC. The result was obtained after 1 hour interval. Rajah 3 menunjukkan kotoran yang telah dibasuh dengan pencuci yang mengandungi pepsin pada suhu 20oC. Keputusan diperolehi selepas 1 jam.

After 1 hour Selepas 1 jam

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3 The shirt of the same material was repeatedly washed at 37oC. Which of the following shows the result after 1 hour? Baju yang mempunyai material yang sama diulangi basuhannya dengan suhu 37oC. Manakah antara yang berikut adalah keputusannya selepas 1 jam?

22 The active site of an enzyme is Tapak aktif enzim adalah A. specific to its substrate spesifik kepada substratnya

4-5

identical to the active sites of other enzymes sama seperti tapak aktif pada enzim yang berlainan C. complementary to its substrate berpadanan dengan substratnya D. denatured at the end of a chemical reaction ternyahasli diakhir tindak balas kimia 23 Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? Manakah antara pernyataan berikut benar tentang enzim? A. All enzymes in living organisms have an optimum temperature of 37C. Semua enzim dalam organism hidup mempunyai suhu optimumnya ialah 37C B. Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyses. Enzim meningkatkan tenaga keaktifan untuk memangkinkan tindak balasnya. C. Enzymes are denatured at 0C. Enzim ternyahasli pada 0C. D. Enzymes function as organic catalysts. Enzim berfungsi sebagai pemangkin organik 24 Which organelle is involved in the production of extracellular enzymes ? Organel manakah yang terlibat dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel? A. Golgi apparatus / Jasad Golgi B. Mitochondrion / Mitokondria C. Chloroplast / Kloroplas D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum / Jalinan Endoplasma licin P enzymes which are synthesised in the cell but secreted from the cell to work externally enzim yang disentisiskan di dalam sel tetapi dirembeskan untuk digunakan di luar sel Q enzymes which are synthesised and retained in the cell for use of the cell itself enzim yang dihasilkan di dalam sel dan dikekalkan untuk kegunaan dalam sel.

B.

25 Which of the following is correct about the types of enzymes produced for P and Q? Manakah antara yang berikut adalah benar tentang jenis enzim yang dihasilkan oleh P dan Q? A B C D P Intracellular / Intrasel Extracellular / Luar sel Intracellular / Intrasel Extracellular / Luar sel Q Extracellular / Luar sel Intracellular / Intrasel Intracellular / Intrasel Extracellular / Luar sel

Remove germ from wheat Menanggalkan kulit daripada gandum Separate agar from seaweed Mengasingkan agar-agar daripada rumpai laut

26 A suitable enzyme that can be used for these activities is A. cellulose / selulase B. protease / protease C. zymase / zimase D. amylase / amilase

4-6

Diagram 4/Rajah 4 27 Diagram 4 shows the mechanism of enzyme action. Which property of enzyme is shown in the diagram? Rajah 4 menunjukkan mekanisma tindakan enzim. Manakah sifat enzim yang ditunjukkan di dalam rajah di atas? A. Enzyme structure is denatured by extremes of pH. Struktur enzim ternyahasli pada pH yang terlampau. B. Temperature affects the rate of enzyme reaction. Suhu mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas enzim. C. Enzyme reaction is non-specific. Tindakan enzim adalah tidak spesifik. D. Structure of enzyme remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Struktur enzim tidak akan berubah diakhir tindak balas. 28 Diagram 5 shows a plant cell undergoing division process. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sel tumbuhan menjalani proses pembahagian.

Diagram 5/Rajah 5 What is the division phase? Apakah fasa pembahagian sel itu? A Prophase / Profasa B Metaphase / Metafasa C Anaphase / Anafasa D Telophase / Telofasa 29 Diagram 6 shows a cell division of an animal cell. Rajah 6 menunjukkan pembahagian sel bagi sel haiwan.

Diagram 6

Duration of the cell division is 24 hours. Which of the following is true? Tempoh pembahagian sel adalah 24 jam. Manakah antara yang berikut adalah benar? I. Q is diploid / Q adalah diploid II. There will be 8 cell S after 96 hours / terdapat 8 sel S selepas 96 jam III. R formed after the nuclear division has completed / R terbentuk selepas

4-7

pembahagian nukleus tamat The genetic contents of P and S are the same / kandungan genetic bagi P dan S adalah sama. A. I, II and III only B II, III and IV only C I, III and IV only D I, II, III and IV 30 Which of the following is correct about uncontrolled cell division? Manakah antara yang berikut benar tentang pembahagian sel yang tidak terkawal I. Substances such as formaldehyde can cause cancer Bahan seperti formaldehid boleh menyebabkan kanser II. When cancerous cells divide uncontrollably, a tumor is formed Apabila sel kanser membahagi secara tidak terkawal, tumor akan terbentuk III. When formed, cancerous cells can compete with normal cells for nutrients and energy Sel kanser bersaing dengan sel yang normal untuk mendapatkan nutrient dan tenaga. IV. Uncontrolled meiosis occurs due to severe disruption to the mechanism that controls the cell division Meiosis tidak terkawal terjadi disebabkan oleh beberapa gangguan kepada mekanisma yang mengawal pembahagian sel. A. I, II and III only B. I, II and IV only C. I, III and IV only D. II, III and IV only IV. 31 Which of the followings are the applications of mitosis? Manakah antara yang berikut adalah aplikasi mitosis. I Cloning / Pengklonan II Vegetative reproduction / Pembiakan vegetatif III Tissue culture / tisu kultur IV Sexual reproduction of plant / Pembiakan seks bagi tumbuhan A I and III only B II and IV only C I, II and III only D II, III and IV only 32 Which of the following statements does not state the importance of mitotic cell division? Manakah antara pernyataan yang berikut bukan merupakan kepentingan bagi pembahagian sel secara mitosis? A Replace dead cells / menggantikan sel mati B Produce gamete cells / menghasilkan sel gamet C Repair damaged cells / membaiki sel yang rosak D Increase the number of cells / menambah bilangan sel 33 Diagram 7 shows a cell during cell division process. Rajah 7 menunjukkan suatu sel semasa pembahagian sel.

4-8

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7 What is the chromosomal number in the daughter cell after cell division is completed? Apakah bilangan kromosom dalam sel anak selepas menjalani pembahagian sel dengan lengkap? A 2 C 8 B 4 D 16 Which of the following cells is a product of meiosis? Manakah antara yang berikut adalah hasil daripada meiosis? A B C D

34 Which of the following plant structures undergoes meiosis? Manakah antara struktur tumbuhan yang berikut mengalami meiosis? A Leaves / daun B Flowers / bunga C Pollen grains / butir debunga D Epidermal cells / sel epidermis 35 Diagram 8 shows an event during meiosis. Rajah 8 menunjukkan kelakuan semasa meiosis.

Which of the following describes the event? Manakah antara yang berikut menerangkan kelakuan itu? A Spindle fibre breaks down / gentian gelendung hilang B Change of genetic materials occur / perubahan maklumat genetik berlaku C Reformation of nuclear membrane / pembentukan semula membran nukleus D Chromosomes replication takes place / replikasi kromosom berlaku 36 Diagram 5.5 shows sexual reproduction in an insect. Female parent Ovum Male parent Sperm

4-9
Cell N

DIAGRAM 5.5
What is cell N? A B C D Diploid zygote Haploid gamete Haploid zygote Diploid gamete

4-10

Structured Items Answer all questions. Write your answer in the spaces provided in the question paper 4.1: 4.2: (1) Understanding The Chemical Composition Of The Cell Understanding Carbohydrate Diagram 4.4 shows the structures of 3 examples of polysaccharides P, Q and R.

(a)

DIAGRAM 4.4 Identify the molecules labeled P, Q and R.

[3 marks] (b) Where can the molecules be found

(c)

[3 marks] Structure P can be broken down into a simpler form by a process. What is the process involved? [1 mark]

(d)

(i)

State one similarity in the 3 polysaccharides

(ii)

What is the main difference between structures P and Q?

4-11

(e)

[2 marks] Sucrose and lactose are examples of disaccharides that can be formed from condensation of monosaccharide. What are the monosaccharide that form Sucrose : Lactose : [2 marks]

(f)

Briefly describe how to test for the presence of reducing sugar in an unknown sample of food.

[1 mark]

4.3 : Understanding Protein 2. Diagram 4.5 shows the organelle involved during the synthesis and secretion of protein in animal cell.

Y X

(a)

DIAGRAM 4.5 Name the organelles labeled X, Y and Z.

Molecule P [3 marks]

4-12

(b)

State the function of X and Y

[2 marks]

(c)

Molecule P is produced from the protein excreted by the cell. (i) What is the type of structure shown by the molecule? (ii) Give one example of the structure mentioned in c(i). [2 marks] Proteins are made from amino acids, name two types of amino acids involved.

(d)

(i)

[2 marks] (ii) Briefly, explain the meaning of the answer in d(i).

[2 marks]

4.4 : Understanding Lipid 3. Diagram 4.6 shows the structure of a lipid molecule.

4-13

(a)

DIAGRAM 4.6 Name the parts X and Y.

(b)

(i)

[2 marks] What is the chemical reaction P that takes place to form the bonds between X and Y? [1 mark] What is product Q formed during this reaction? [1 mark] What is the structural difference between a phospholipid molecule and the lipid molecule shown in the figure above?

(ii) (c) (i)

[1 mark] (ii) What is the function of phospholipids in cells? [1 mark]

(d)

One of the main types of lipid is fat. (i) State two types of fat

[2 marks] 9ii) State two differences between the types of fat named in d(i).

[2 marks] (e) Explain why a daily intake of a diet rich in fats is bad for health.

4-14

[2 marks] 4.5 : Understanding Enzyme 4. Diagram 4.7 shows the organelles involved in the production of extracellular enzymes.

S R U

(a)

DIAGRAM 4.7 Name T the organelles labelled T and U.

[2 marks] (b) (c) State the function of organelle labelled R [1 mark] Using an example and place produced, explain the term of extracellular enzyme.

(d)

[3 marks] Based on the organelles shown in Diagram 4.7, explain how extracellular enzymes are produced.

[3 marks]

(e)

Diagram 4.8 shows the action of an enzyme and its substrate.

4-15

DIAGRAM 4.8 Explain the mechanism of enzyme action.

Max : 3 marks] 5. Diagram 4.9 shows a graph represent the effect of temperature on the rate reaction of enzyme P.

Temperature (oC)

DIAGRAM 4.9 (a) What is temperature for enzyme P ? the optimum [1 mark]

(b)

Describe the effect of different temperature on the rate of enzyme reaction.

(c)

[max: 4 marks] Enzymes are widely used in the household & industries. Explain how enzymes act in : (i) Helping to cook meat. (i) Extracting agar from seaweed [4 marks]

4-16

(d)

State three factors besides temperature that affect the enzymes activity.

[3 marks]

Essay Items Answer all questions 4.1 : Understanding The Chemical Composition Of The Cell 4.2 : Understanding Carbohydrate 4.3 : Understanding Protein 4.4 : Understanding Lipid 1. There are several components in cells which form organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds normally found in cells are carbohydrate, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Each compound plays an important role in (a) the cell. Explain the importance of organic compounds like carbohydrate cell. (b) (i) Name two types of nucleic acids found in living cells. (ii) Compare and contrast saturated fats and unsaturated fats Essential amino acids and non essential amino acids 4.5 : Understanding Enzyme 2. (a) (i) (ii) What is an enzyme? [2 marks] Explain the characteristics of enzymes from the lock and key hypothesis and protein in a [10 marks] [2 marks]

[8 marks]

4-17

(iii)

Describe how an enzyme-controlled reaction is affected by pH. [4 marks]

(b)

Enzymes can be extracted and separated from cells in order to be used. Explain how the enzymes can be used in daily life and industry. [10 marks ]

4-18