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REPORT ON OIL RIGS

CONTENTS: CONTENTS: 1. INTRODUCTION ABOUT OIL RIGS 2. TYPES OF OIL RIGS. 3. HOISTING AND ROTATING EQUIPMENT 4. ROTARY 5. SWIVEL BLOCK 6. TRAVELLING BLOCK 7. MAST AND SUB STRUCTURE 8. MUD SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION ABOUT OIL RIGS: Mans custom of digging holes in to the earth is believed to be as old as civilization itself. One can reasonably suppose that his need for drinking water would have caused pre-historic man to scoop out depressions in streambeds, in search of water during a dry spell. With the development of better hand tools, such depressions or holes would be deeper and deeper. Basic principles in digging a hole in the earth are: 1. Break up the earth in digging by using a bit with downward thrust. 2. Removal of the cuttings from the hole by using continuous stream of fluid.

In oil rigs there are mainly two types:1. 2. On shore rig: - It is meant for drilling on land. Off shore rig: - It is meant for drilling on seas and oceans.

Our manufacturing range includes: E 760 capable of drilling upto 3,650 Meters. E 1400 capable of drilling up to 4,900 Meters. E 2000 capable of drilling upto 6,100 Meters.
SPECIFICATION OF A RIG: Example: E 1400 AC SCR Silicon Control Rectifier Horse Power Rating. Diesel Electric Drive system.

CLASSIFICATION IN TO GROUPS
Oil Rigs design consists of mainly 6 Groups. 1. Hoisting and Rotating Equipment. 2. Mast and Sub Structure. 3. Mud system and Rig Utilities. 4. Rig Electrics. 5. Instrumentation. 6. Rig Accessories.

TYPES OF OIL RIGS: RIGS: The oil rigs mainly classified as 3 types. 1. Deep drilling rigs 2. Mobile rigs 3. Work over rigs 4. Desert rig

Deep drilling rigs: The deep drilling rigs are classified into 4 types. E-760 E-1400 E-2000 E-3000

1. E-760 Rig for drilling upto 3600 Mtr. 2. E-1400 Rig for drilling upto 4900 Mtr. 3. E-2000 Rig for drilling upto 6100 Mtr. 4. E-3000 Super Rig for drilling upto 9000 Mtr.

DEEP DRILLING RIG

Drilling range: -

(3500-9000 MTS)

MOBILE RIGS: The mobile rigs are classifieds into 3 types. SM-450 M-750 M-900 1. SM-450 mobile rig for drilling upto 1500 MTR depth. 2. M-750 mobile rig for drilling upto 2000 MTR depth. 3. M-900 mobile rig for drilling upto 3000 MTR depth.

MOBILE RIG
MOBILE RIG (2000-3000 MTS)
DRILLING DEPTH

WORK OVER RIG: 450-S M-500 1. 450-S Work over Rig for servicing upto 5500 MTS. Deep wells. 2. M-500 Work over Rig for servicing upto 6100 MTS Deep wells.

DESERT RIG
DRILLING DEPTH OF THE DESERT RIG IS 3500 MTS. DESERT RIG

DRILLING RANGE 3500 MTS.

B.H.E.L RIG PACKAGE CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING EQUIPMENTS: 1. MAST AND SUB STRUCTURE

2. CROWN BLOCK 3. DRAW WORKS 4. ROTARY TABLE 5. SWIVEL BLOCK 6. TRAVELLING BLOCK 7. RIG ELECTRICS AND INSTRUMENTATION 8. MUD SYSTEMS 9. RIG UTILITIES
(AIR, WATER, DIESEL SYSTEMS)

HOISTING AND ROTATING EQUIPMENT: EQUIPMENT: -

This unit is also known as DRAW WORKS. The name has come from the basic function of the equipment it draws, i.e. it is a Hoist . Draw works is the king pin of rotary rig. The draw works is a hoist of special design, which performs a no. of essential functioning rotary drilling operations. Its brand name, model or nominal capacity are often used to designate or identify the particular rig size of which it is a part. From the beginning, the draw works performs five essential functions as follows: 1. It exerts a pull on the drilling line, which when reeved through the block and with other suspension equipment, with draw the drill string from the hole. 2. Through its braking mechanism, retards and controls the rate of lowering of drill string or casing in to the hole. 3. Also through its braking mechanism, it limits and controls the amount of weight or downward thrust being applied to the bit. 4. Provides a power take off for a chain driven rotary table. 5. Cat shaft is equipped with catheads which, by exerting pulls on rope or cable perform numerous rig floor services.

SWIVEL BLOCK

ROTARY SWIVELS: B.H.E.L offers a line of three A.P.I rated swivels. All the models provide precision Centered quickly replaceable wash pipe and packing arrangement.

DRAW WORKS
B.H.E.L Electrical draw works are available in 4 models. Covering a drilling depth range from 2100 meters to 9000 meters. The models E-3000, E-2000 and E-760 are The major design objectives for all the models are 1) EFFICIENT POWER TRANSMISSION : Ensured by use of simple power flow system utilizing alloy steel shafts , roller bearings , hardened sprockets and oil bathed chains. 2) REDUCED SERVICE TIME : Achieved through easy accessibility of lubrication points. Brake adjustment and inspection covers. 3) HIGH RELIABILITY : Ensured by maintaining optimum compatibility of all components plus ample reserve capacity of clutches and brakes. SAILENT FEATURES OF DRAW WORKS : Tension equalized water-cooled main drum brake. TTE - XTRA LIFE brake rims for longer brake life of brake rim And blocks. High and low drum clutches provided with air interlock to prevent Simultaneous engagement. Air operated positive transmission clutch. Pneumatic controls for past , easy shifting.

 Lebus grooving, factory installed, on main drum. Sandreel of large capacity. Air operated spinning and brake out catheads. Auxiliary brake to costumers choice.

TRAVELLING BLOCK
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ABOUT TRAVELLING BLOCK: B.H.E.L Travelling blocks are offered with three sheave sizes and three load ratings. Rugged construction, narrow width, and minimum height are out standing characteristics. The precision balance and low center of gravity keep the blocks in a vertical position even at high speeds with light loads. The sheaves are mounted on a double row tapered roller bearings. Two bearing retainers in each sheave prevent the loss of grease by centrifugal force. The sheave grooves are machined to conform to A.P.I standard and flame hardened for wear resistance. Each sheave bearing is lubricated with grease applied from conveniently located grease fittings at each end of the center pin. A forged heat-treated center pin is used for all models of traveling blocks.

CROWN BLOCK: IMPORTANT POINTS OF CROWN BLOCK: 1) Large diameter close-spaced sheaves are balanced for high-speed service. Sheaves are machined to A.P.I standard dimensions to reduce wire line wear. The sheave grooves are surface hardened for longer life.

2) Heavy duty double row taper roller bearings provide high capacity for radial and thrust loads with minimum block width.

3) Forged heattreated alloy steel center pin is of large diameter for extra safety.

The small overall length provides rigidly and strength.

4) Pressure lubrication to each bearing is through individual grease passages, Conveniently located at the end of the center pin.

5) Steel center pin supports give rigid support and adequate load distribution Under the heaviest loads.

6) The crown blocks are built with high strength steel beams and plates and are Fitted to mast either by pinned connection or by bolts and nuts.

MAST AND SUB STRUCTURE

IMPORTANT POINTS OF MAST AND SUB STRUCTURE: B.H.E.LS mast and sub structure for land rigs (conventional type) consist of: 1) SUB-BASE: Heavy built up twin plate girders fixed together designed to transfer drilling and operating loads to the foundation and provided with water tank which acts as counter weight during raising and lowering of mast. 2) SELF ELEVATING SUB-STRUCTURE: Consisting of columns, draw works support, set back spreader and support beam of rotary. 3) A-FRAME : Acts as gin pole taking entire mast raising load from slings through the pulleys provided and transmits to the ground through the sub-base. In normal operating conditions it transmits the loads from mast to the sub-base. 4) MAST: Self-elevating type and designed to accommodate the bless of pipe required along with the hook, traveling block etc. 5) RACKING PLATFORM: To accommodate drill pipes during tripping.

6) CROWN BLOCK. Many other accessories like belly board, tong counter weights, cal line bottom, escape Line, ramp, stairs, mast ladder etc.are provided to aid drilling personnel.

3-D VIEW OF MAST AND SUB STRUCTURE

SPECIAL FEATURES OF MAST AND SUB STRUCTURE: 1) Mast and set back spreader raise or lower together with a set of sling lines. Hydraulic snubbing system is installed in A-frame allows driller to have Full control of break over during raising or lowering of mast. 2) With the same set of slings, draw works and surrounding floor can be raised or lowered.

MUD SYSTEM: The mud system is one of the most important element of a drilling rig. Complete mud system is designed, fabricated and assembled to meet the costumers requirements. Tanks adopted by the costumer are provided with water and mud rim lines, mud channels and clean out gates, mud guns, suction valves, side walk ways and inter cooling piping. Mud reconditioning and processing equipment like shale shaker desander and desilter, degasser mud Hooper, mud agitators, mud guns etc are provided to the customers satisfactions. Complete equipment is mounted on oil field type skids for easy transportation and handling. Centrifugal pumps are used for operating desander, desilter, and degasser mud hoopers and for super charging mud pumps. The size of the tanks are engineered

3-D VIEW OF MUDSYSTEM

MUD PUMPS: The PT series mud pumps are horizontal, triples and single acting and piston pumps. Each pump will provide a uniform flow over a wide pressure volume range to meet any drilling Requirement with in its size capability. These pumps are categorized by the input horse power rating. The following types can be offered A 400 PT, A 600 PT, A 850 PT, A 1100 PT , A 1400 PT and A 1700 PT. The numerals 850, 1100 etc indicate the brake input horse power of the pumps. These Pumps are manufactured at B.P.C.L India and B.H.E.L design. The mud pumps are unitized With D.C Motors at the factory as desired by the user.

RIG UTILITIES: Suitable utility systems for the drilling rig like diesel, air and water systems are engineered and fabricated on oil field skids for easy transportation and assembly to meet the needs and specifications of the customer.

RIG-UP FACILITIES: A well equipped up rig up yard is established at the B.H.E.L Hyderabad plant. The rig building is done by highly experienced and competent team of skilled personnel. All these activities and customer service are backed up by highly qualified, competent and experienced engineers whose motto is best quality for the product and at most satisfaction to the customer

RIG INSTRUMENTATION: All rig instruments are international reputed martin Decker U.S.A made. Following instruments are supplied with the rig.: 1) WEIGHT INDICATOR 2) TON MILE INDICATOR 3) MUD VOLUME TOTALIZER 4) ROTARY TORQUE 5) MUD PUMP S.P.M.