UNIT 02 - Differentiation

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1

PREPARED BY MOHD IZWANNI B. SARIMAN

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Differentiation is used widely in solving problems especially in Engineering, Medical,
Commerce, Agriculture, and many other fields. When you find the rate of change of a
quantity with respect to another quantity, you are actually doing differentiation. Another
name for differentiation is the derivative of the function.

If a person is running up a hill, his vertical height will change with respect to his horizontal
height. This rate of change of vertical height with respect to horizontal height is called its
gradient.

height horizontal of change
height vertical of change
= Gradient

Generally, to find the differentiation of y with respect to x, just write the symbol
dx
dy
to
represent it.

Differentiation concepts are applied in displacement and velocity . Velocity, v, is the
differentiation of displacement s, unto time, t, and is written as ds/dt , whilst acceleration,
a, is the differentiation of velocity, v, unto time, t, and is written as dv/dt.

UNIT 2 : DIFFERENTIATION

If y is a function of x, then, y = f(x),
The differentiation of y with respect to x,
dx
dy
, can be written as f '(x) .
Therefore,
dx
dy
= f '(x)

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2.1 IDENTIFY BASIC DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE.

2.1.1 THE BASIC RULE OF DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiation of simple algebraic functions is quite easy. Look at the samples below.

If y = x
1
,
dx
dy
= 1x
0
= 1.
If y = x
2
,
dx
dy
= 2x
1
= 2x.
If y = x
3
,
dx
dy
= 3x
2
.

From the pattern shown above, if y = x
4
,
then
,
dx
dy
= 4x
3
.
The first Rule of Differentiation is:

i. Multiply the index of x with the constant for x.
ii. Decrease the index of x by 1 unit.

Thus:

, for all values of n.

, where a is a constant.

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Example 2.1
Find
dx
dy
for the cases below :
a) y = x
6

dx
dy
= 6x
6 1
= - 2x
5
.

b) y = - 2x
5

dx
dy
= 5 x (

2 ) x
5 1
= 10x
4

c) y =
x
5

y =
x
5
= 5x
1

dx
dy
= 1 (5x
1 1
) = 5x
2
or
2
5
x

c) y = x
1/3

3
2
3
1

= x
dx
dy

d) y = 4

y = 4 = 4 x
0
dx
dy
= 0 (4) x
0 1
= 0

f)

g)
()

h)

i)

j)

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k)
()

l)

m)
()

2.1.2 DERIVATIVE OF A CONSTANT FUNCTION

Example 2.2
Find the derivative for each of the following functions :
a)

b)

c)

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2.1.3 DERIVATIVE OF AN IDENTITY FUNCTION

, where a is a constant

Example 2.3
a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

2.1.4 DERIVATIVE OF ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FUNCTIONS.

() ()
()
()

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Example 2.4


a. y = 2x
4
+ 6x
=
dx
dy
(4)(2)x
3
+ 1(6)x
0
= 8x
3
+ 6
b. y =
x
x x
3
2
3
+
=
dx
dy
3(x)
2
2 (x)
0
+ 3( -1)x
-2
= 3x
2
- 2 -3x
2

c. y = 4 5
2
1
+
x
=
dx
dy
4 5
2
1
1
2
1
+

x

= 4
2
5
2
2
2
1
+

x

=
2
3
2
5

x =
2
3
2
5
x

d. y = 7 - 9x
3

=
dx
dy
7 27 x
2
= 27 x
2

2.1.3 APPLY THE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF DIFFERENTIATION

(i) DERIVATIVE OF A COMPOSITE FUNCTION.
The Rules you have learned in the earlier part of this unit however may not be able to solve
compound functions like y = (1+x)
4
or
2
1 x y + = .

So, we can say for (
, where k is more than 2 , fraction number and

negative number, we can solve the equation by using :

a) Chain Rule

b ) Extended Power Rule (E.P.R)

)

1
2
3
4
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a) Chain Rule.

The Chain Rule states that if y = f (u), where u is a function of x, then

Example 2.5

Find
dx
dy
for the following functions.

( )

a) y = ( 2x + 3 )
4

Let u = 2x + 3 ,
then y = u
4

2 =
dx
du
,
3
4u
du
dy
=

du
dy
dx
du
dx
dy
- =
) 4 ( 2
3
u
dx
dy
- =

b) 4
2
+ = x y

Let u = 4
2
+ x ,
then y =
2
1
u

2 =
dx
du
x ,
2
1
2
1

= u
du
dy

du
dy
dx
du
dx
dy
- =
)
2
1
( 2
2
1
- = u x
dx
dy

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b) ALTERNATIVE WAY (DIFFERENTIATION OF A COMPOSITE FUNCTION) / EXTENDED
POWER RULE
The examples shown above can also be solved using an alternative way to use the Chain
Rule. Where the solution :-

Using same question as above but use altenative way :-

) ( ) ( ) (
1
b ax
dx
d
b ax k b ax
dx
d
n k n k n
+ + = +

a.
4
) 3 2 ( + x
dx
d
=
1 4
) 3 2 ( 4

+ x

) 3 2 ( + x
dx
d
= 2

1 1
) (

+ =
k n n
b ax kanx

= 2 ) 3 2 ( 4
3
- + x
=
3
) 3 2 ( 8 + x

) ( ) ( ) (
1
b ax
dx
d
b ax k b ax
dx
d
n k n k n
+ + = +

b. 4
2
+ x
dx
d
=
2 / 1 2
) 4 ( + x
dx
d
= ) 4 ( ) 4 (
2
1
2
2
1
2
+ +

x
dx
d
x

1 1
) (

+ =
k n n
b ax kanx

1 1
) (

+ =
k n n
b ax kanx
dx
dy
) ( ) ( ) (
1
b ax
dx
d
b ax k b ax
dx
d
n k n k n
+ + = +

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= x x 2 ) 4 (
2
1
2 / 1 2
- +

=
4
2
+ x
x

Example 2.6
Find the derivative for each of the following functions by using Extended Power Rule :
a. y = ( 2x + 3 )
4

) 3 2 ( ) 3 2 ( 4
3
+ + = x
dx
d
x
dx
dy

= ) 2 ( ) 3 2 ( 4
3
+ x
= 8(2x + 3)
3

b. y = ( 2 + x
2
)
3

) 2 ( ) 2 ( 3
2 2 2
x
dx
d
x
dx
dy
+ + =
= 3( 2 + x
2
)
2
( 2x )

= 6x (2 +x
2
)
2

= 6x ( 4 + 4x
2
+ x
4
)

= 24 x + 24x
3
+6x
5

(ii) DERIVATIVE OF PRODUCT OF FUNCTIONS

If y is formed by multiplying the functions u and v, i.e. y = uv, then

(PRODUCT RULE)

dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =

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Example 2.7

Find
dx
dy
for the following functions

a) y = x
4
( 3x + 5 )

Let u = x
4
and v = ( 3x + 5 )
6

Therefore,
3
4x
dx
du
= and ) 3 ( ) 5 3 ( 6
5
+ = x
dx
dv

Therefore, ) 4 ( ) 5 3 ( ) 5 3 )( 18 (
3 6 5 4
x x x x
dx
dy
+ + + =
= ) 4 ( ) 5 3 ( ) 5 3 ( 18
3 6 5 4
x x x x + + +
= | | ) 5 3 ( 2 9 ) 5 3 ( 2
5 3
+ + + x x x x
= | | 10 6 9 ) 5 3 ( 2
5 3
+ + + x x x x

dx
dy
= | | 10 15 ) 5 3 ( 2
5 3
+ + x x x

b) y = ( x 4 )
2
( 2x
3
3x + 5 ) . y = ( x 4 )
2
( 2x
3
3x + 5 )

Let u = ( x 4 )
2
and v = 2x
3
3x + 5
Therefore, ) 1 )( 4 ( 2 = x
dx
du
and 3 6
2
= x
dx
dv

Therefore, ) 4 ( 2 ) 5 3 2 ( ) 3 6 ( ) 4 (
3 2 2
+ + = x x x x x
dx
dy

)] 5 3 2 ( 2 ) 3 6 )( 4 [( ) 4 (
3 2
+ + = x x x x x

dx
dy
) 22 9 24 10 ( ) 4 (
2 3
+ = x x x x

c) y = . y =

Let u = 2x and v = (3x + 1)
1/2
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
+ =

(3x +5)
5
Greatest
Common Factor.
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Therefore, 2 =
dx
du
and
2
1
1) - (3x
2
3

=
dx
dv

Therefore, 2 1) + (3x 1) - (3x
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
- + - =

x
dx
dy

1) + (3x 2 1) - (3x 3
2
1
2
1
+ =

x
dx
dy

| | 1) + (3x 2 3 1) - (3x
2
1
x
dx
dy
+ =

| | 2 9 1) - (3x
2
1
+ =

x
dx
dy

1 3
2 9

=
x
x
dx
dy

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(iii) DERIVATIVE OF QUOTIENT OF FUNCTIONS

If y =
v
u
, where u and v are functions of x, then

(QUOTIENT RULE)

Example 2.8

Differentiate the following:

a) y =
10
) 1 ( + x
x

Let u = x and v = ( x + 1)
10

Then, 1 =
dx
du
and
9
) 1 ( 10 + = x
dx
dv

Using the Product Rule
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

= ,

Then,
2 10
9 10
) ) 1 ((
10 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
+
+ +
=
x
x x x
dx
dy

2 10
9 10
) ) 1 ((
) 1 ( 10 ) 1 (
+
+ +
=
x
x x x
=> ]
) 1 (
10 ) 1 (
[ ) 1 (
20
9
+
+
+
x
x x
x

dx
dy
=
11
) 1 (
) 9 1 (
x
x
+

2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=
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b) y =
1
) 1 2 (
4 3
+
x
x

Let u = ( 2x
3
+ 1 )
4
and v = x 1
Then, ) 6 ( ) 1 2 ( 4
2 3 3
x x
dx
du
+ = and 1 =
dx
dv

Using the Product Rule
2
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy

=
Then,
2
4 3 3 3 2
) 1 (
) 1 ( ) 1 2 ( ) 1 2 )( 24 )( 1 (
+ +
=
x
x x x x
dx
dy

2
3 2 3
) 1 (
] ) 1 2 ( ) 1 ( 24 [ ) 1 2 (
+ +
=
x
x x x x

=
2
3 2 3 3
) 1 (
] 1 2 24 24 [ ) 1 2 (
+
x
x x x x

dx
dy
=
2
3 2 3 3
) 1 (
] 1 2 24 22 [ ) 1 2 (
+
x
x x x x

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2.2 APPLY THE DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR TRIGONOMETRIC, LOGARITHMIC
AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS.

2.2.1 APPLY THE FORMULA TO SOLVE RELATED PROBLEMS

(a) DERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

So far, you have learned how to differentiate algebraic functions. However, there are
functions in other forms that require different formulas to solve. You are going to learn
how to find the derivative of trigonometric functions. Basically, you need to remember the
following formula:

x x
dx
d
cos sin =

x ecx ecx
dx
d
cot cos cos =

x x
dx
d
sin cos =

x x x
dx
d
tan sec sec =

x x
dx
d
2
sec tan =

x ec x
dx
d
2
cos cot =

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Example 2.9

Find
dx
dy
for each of the following functions:

a. y = sin 3x

By using the Chain Rule,
du
dy
dx
du
dx
dy
. =

Let u = 3x then y = sin u

3 =
dx
du
and u
du
dy
cos =
u
dx
dy
cos 3 =

x
dx
dy
3 cos 3 =

Or by using the extended trigonometric rule
:

())

b. y = cos ( 3x +1 )

Let u = 3x + 1 , then y = cos u

Then, 3 =
dx
du
, u
du
dy
sin =

) sin ( 3 u
dx
dy
= => ) 1 3 ( sin 3 + = x
dx
dy

:
( )

( ))(( ))

( )

c. y = tan ( x
2
+ 2 )

Let u = x
2
+ 2 , then y = tan u
x
dx
du
2 = u
du
dy
2
sec =

:
(
)

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u x
dx
dy
2
sec 2 = =>
) 2 ( sec 2
2 2
+ = x x
dx
dy

))(
))

)

Note: From the answers in the example above, you will find that the following are true:

By making use of the Chain Rule, the derivative of trigonometric functions can be done
using the following properties:

) cos( ) sin( b ax a b ax
dx
d
+ = +
) sin( ) cos( b ax a b ax
dx
d
+ = +
) ( sec ) tan(
2
b ax a b ax
dx
d
+ = +
x x n x
dx
d
n n
cos sin sin
1
=
x x n x
dx
d
n n
sin cos cos
1
=

x x n x
dx
d
n n 2 1
sec tan tan

=
and

) cos( ) ( sin ) ( sin
1
b ax b ax an b ax
dx
d
n n
+ + = +

) sin( ) ( cos ) ( cos
1
b ax b ax an b ax
dx
d
n n
+ + = +

) ( sec ) ( tan ) ( tan
2 1
b ax b ax an b ax
dx
d
n n
+ + = +

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Example 2.10

Find
dx
dy
for each of the following functions.

a)

()

Let ,

When ,
and

By using Chain Rule :

()

TRIGONOMETRY IDENTITIES
1. 1 cos sin
2 2
= + u u 2. u u
2 2
tan 1 sec + = 3. u u
2 2
cot 1 cos + = ec
4.
u u u cos sin 2 2 sin =
5.
u u u
2 2
sin cos 2 cos =
u
2
sin 2 1 =
1 cos 2
2
= u
6.
u
u
u
2
tan 1
tan 2
2 tan
=
7.
( ) o u u u + = + sin cos sin a R b
8.
( ) o u u u = sin cos sin a R b

9.
( ) o u u u = + cos sin cos a R b

10.
( ) o u u u + = cos sin cos a R b

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b)
( )

( ( ))

Let ( ) ,
( )

When ( ),
and


( ) , ( )

( ) ( )

c)
( )

( ( ))

Let ( ) ,
( )

When ( ),
and


( ) , ( )

(( ))
( )

( )
( )

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d) 3

()

Let ,

When ,
and
, (cancel out 2 and 8)

(b) DERIVATIVE OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Lets move on to logarithmic functions. To find their derivatives, you will need another set
of formulas. Study the following formula:

x
x
dx
d 1
ln =

Before we want to solve the logarithmic function questions, we need to know some natural
logarithm rules and properties. Then, apply the rules and properties to the questions and
solve the question by using differentiation.

( )
, where a and b is a constant

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DIFFERENTIATION
20


Rule name Rule
Product rule ln(x y) = ln(x) + ln(y)
Quotient rule ln(x / y) = ln(x) - ln(y)
Power rule ln(x
y
) = y ln(x)

Example 2.11

Find the derivative of the following logarithmic functions:

a) y = ln x
4
=> y = 4 ln x

Using the formula,

Therefore,

)
1
( 4
x dx
dy
= =>
x
4

b) y = ln ( 2x
2
+ 5 )
3
(Power Rule)

y = 3 ln ( 2x
2
+ 5 )

Therefore, )
5 2
4
( 3
2
+
=
x
x
dx
dy
5 2
12
2
+
=
x
x

c) y = ln
x 3 1
=
( )2
1
3 1 ln x (Power Rule)
y = ) 3 1 ln(
2
1
x

Therefore, )
3 1
3
(
2
1
x dx
dy
=

) 3 1 ( 2
3
x
=

d) y = ln
x
2
(Quotient Rule)
y = ln 2 ln x

Therefore,
x dx
dy 1
0 =

x
1
=

e) (Lets try this in class) f) ( )( )
(Lets try this in class)

x
x
dx
d 1
ln =

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21


(c) DERIVATIVE OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

An exponential function is a function in the form y = e
x
. To find its derivative, you will have
to remember the following rule:

Given y = e
x
, then
x x
e e
dx
d
=

and
ax ax
ae e
dx
d
=

b ax b ax
ae e
dx
d
+ +
=

Example 2.12

Differentiate these functions:

a) y = e
3x

x
e
dx
dy
3
3 =

b) y = e
1 - 2x

x
e
dx
dy
2 1
2

=

c) y = e
2x +1

d)

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DIFFERENTIATION
22


1 2
2
+
=
x
e
dx
dy

()

e)

f)

2.2.2 USE VARIOUS DIFFERENTIATION TECHNIQUES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS

We also can use other method such as product rule and quotient rule to solve the
trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions.

Example 2.13 :

a)

By using Product Rule :

)( ) ()(
( )

b) ( )
( )


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DIFFERENTIATION
23


( )
( )
()

( )

( ) ,
()(( ))

( )

( )
(( ) ( ) ( )
( )
[( ) ( ) ( )]

c)

By using Quotient Rule :

,
( ) ( ) ( )()
( )
( )

( )

d)


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DIFFERENTIATION
24


,
() (
) ( )()

( )

e) ( )

By using Chain Rule:

Let ,

When , and

f)

By using Extended Power Rule :

g)

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DIFFERENTIATION
25


) (
) ()(
((
) )

h)

By using Quotient Rule :

,
)() ()(
)
(
()
( )

( )

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26


2.3 UNDERSTAND PARAMETRIC EQUATION.

If a curve is defined parametrically by two equations, x=f(t) and y=g(t), where f and g are
functions of parametert, the derivative
can be obtained by applying the chain rule.

For example, if x = 2at
2
and y = 4at, find

In this case,
= 4at and so

Also
.
Hence:

Example 2.14 : (Lets try this in class)
Find
in terms of t

a)

b) ( ) ( )
)
(
)

Ans :

Ans :( )

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DIFFERENTIATION
27


c)

d)

e)

f)

Ans :

Ans :
Ans :

Ans :

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28


2.4 SECOND ORDER DIFFERENTIATION
We can find the second derivative by using various technique of differentiation.

Finding the second derivative for parametric equation is a little trickier.
We use the fact that:

For example, to find the second derivative in the above example, therefore:
)
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DIFFERENTIATION
29


Example 2.15 : (Lets try this in class)
Find second derivative for the following functions :
a)

b)

c)

d)

e) (
)

f)

Ans :

Ans :
Ans :

Ans :
Ans :

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DIFFERENTIATION
30


Activity 2(a)

1. Find the derivatives (differentiation) of the cases below:

a. 4x b. 2x
5

c.
x
6
d. x
8
e. 10 f. 5x
1/5

2. Differentiate these functions with respect to x:
a. 4x
5
b.
6
5
2
x
c.
3
4
1
x
d.
2
3
x

e.
2
5
12
x

e.
5
2
4
5
3
x

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31


Feedback for Activity 2(a)

. a. dy = 4
dx
b. dy = 10x
4

dx
c.
dx
dy
=
2
6
x

d.
dx
dy
= - 8x
9

e.
dx
dy
= 0
f.
dx
dy
=
5 / 4
1
x

2. a.
dx
dy
= 20x
6

b.
dx
dy
=
5
5
12
x
c.
dx
dy
=
4
4
3
x

d.
dx
dy
=
3
6
x

e.
dx
dy
=
3
5
24
x

f.
dx
dy
=
5
2
3
25
16
2 x

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32


Activity 2(b)

Find
dx
du
,
du
dy
and
dx
dy
for

a.
8
)
2
( x
x
y + = b. y = (5x x
3
)
5

c. x y = 2 d. ) 3 ( + = x x y

e.
3
1
2
=
x
y f.
2
3
2
x
x y + =

Feedback for Activity 2(b)
a. 1
2
2
+
x
, 8u
7
, ) 1
2
( )
2
( 8
2
7
+ +
x
x
x

b. 5 3x
2
, 5u
4
, 5(5x x
3
)
4
( 5 3x
2
)

c. 1,
2
1
2
1

u ,
x
2 2
1

d . 2x + 3,
2
1
2
1

u , ) 3 2 ( ) 3 (
2
1
2
1
2
+ +

x x x
e. 2x ,
2
3
2
1

u
,
2
3
2
) 3 (

x x

f. 3x
2
- 4x
3
,
2
1
2
1

u ,
2 3
3 2
2 2
4 3
x x
x x

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
33


Activity 2(c)

Differentiate the following

a. y = x ( 4 x )
8

b. y = ( 3x + 1 )
3
( x + 2 )
5

c. y = x x
5
) 1 2 ( +

d. y = x x 6 ) 1 2 (
2

e. m = (n 3 )( 5 2n )
6

Feedback for Activity 2(c)

a. (4 x )
7
(4 9x )

b. (3x + 1 )
2
( x + 2 )
4
(24x + 23)

c.
x
x x
2
) 1 22 ( ) 1 2 (
4
+ +

d.
x
x x

6 2
) 10 49 )( 1 2 (

e. (5 2x )
5
(41 14x)

JMSK,PUO BA201
DIFFERENTIATION

Activity 2(d)

Find the derivatives of the following functions

a.
x 2
3

b.
2
3 2
1
t +

c.
1
2
z
z

d.
1
1
2
+
+
x
x

e.
4
3 2
+
x
x

f.
1
1 2
+
k
k

Feedback for Activity 2(d)

a.
2
) 2 (
3
x

b.
2 2
) 3 2 (
6
t
t
+

c.
2
) 1 (
2
z

d.
2 2
2
) 1 (
1 2
+
+
x
x x

e.
2
) 4 (
11
x

f.
3
) 1 ( 2
5 2
+
+
k
k

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
35


Activity 2(e)

Find the derivative of the following trigonometric functions

a. sin 5x
b. cos
4
x

c. tan 3x

d. 2 tan x + 3 sin 2x

e cos ( 2x 5 )

f. sin x + tan ( 2x + 1)

g. sin ( 3 4x
3
)

h. cos ( 3x
2
+ 2 )

i. tan ( 2x
2
+ 3x + 1 )

2. Differentiate these trigonometric functions with respect to x

a. sin
3
4x

b. cos
6
2x

c. tan
2
3x

d. cos
2
( x
2
+ 1 )

e. sin
2
( 2x + 1 )

f. cos ( x
3
)

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
36


Feedback for Activity 2(e)

1. a. 5 cos 5x
b.
4
sin
4
1 x

a. 3 sec
2
3x

b. 2 sec
2
x + 6 cos 2x

c. 2 sin ( 2x 5 )

d. cos x + 2 sec
2
( 2x + 1 )

e. 12 x
2
cos ( 3 4x
3
)

f. - 6x sin ( 3x
2
+ 2 )

i. ( 4x + 3 ) sec
2
(2x
2
+ 3x + 1 )

2. a. 12 sin
2
4x cos 4x

b. 12 cos
5
2x sin 2x

c. 6 tan 3x sec
2
3x

d. 4x cos (x
2
+ 1 ) sin ( x
2
+ 1 )

e. 4 sin ( 2x + 1 )cos ( 2x + 1)

f. 3x
2
sin ( x
3
)

TOPIC 2
DIFFERENTIATION
37


Activity 2(f)

1. Differentiate the following functions

a. ln 3x

b. ln ( 1 2x )

c.
4
) 3 5 (
3
ln
x

d.
) 3 4 (
9
ln
x

e. ln (x 1 )(x + 2)
5

Feedback for Activity 2(f)

1. a.
x
1

b.
x 2 1
2

c.
x 3 5
12

d.
x 3 4
3

e.
) 2 )( 1 (
) 1 2 ( 3
+

x x
x

TOPIC 2
DIFFERENTIATION
38


Activity 2(g)

1. Differentiate these functions

a. e
2x

b. e
x/3

c. e
3x + 1

d. e
1 2x

e. 2e
3x
+ 8e
2x

f. e
x
e
x

Feedback for Activity 2(g)

1. a. 2e
2x

b.
3
3
1
x
e

c. 3e
3x + 1

d. -2e
1 2x

f. 6e
3x
-16e
2x

g. e
x
+ e
x

TOPIC 2
DIFFERENTIATION
39


SELF ASSESSMENT 2(a)

1. Find
dx
dy
for each of the following

a. y = 10x
5

b. y =
3
4
1
x
c. 5x
3

d. y = - 6x
-2


a. y = 2x
2
x + 1

b. y = ( x 4 )
2

c. s = t
3
( t + 4 )
d.
x
x x
y
2
3
+
=
e. z = ( k + 1 )( 2k 3)
f. p = )
3
2 (
2
q
q q +

3. Find
dx
dy
for each of the following

a. y = ( 7x 3 )
5

b. p = 5 ( q 3 )
3

c.
5
) 2 3 (
4
x
y
=
d. y = ( 3x
2
5 )
7

e.
) 1 2 (
1
+
=
x
y
f.
x
x
y
3
3
=
TOPIC 2
DIFFERENTIATION
40


SOLUTIONS TO SELF ASSESSMENT 2(a)

1. a. 50x
4

b.
2
4
3
x
c. 15x
4

d. 12x

2. a. 1 4 = x
dx
dy

b. ) 4 ( 2 = x
dq
dp

c. ) 3 ( 4
2
+ = t t
dt
ds

d. x
dx
dy
2 =

e. 1 4 = k
dk
dz

f. 3 6
2
+ = q
dq
dp

3. a. 35 ( 7x 3 )
4

b. 15(q 3 )
2

c. 40(3 2x )
-6

d. 42x(3x
2
5)
6

e.
3
) 1 2 (
1
+
x

f .
2
3
2
x
x +
TOPIC 2
DIFFERENTIATION
41


SELF ASSESSMENT 2(b)

1. Use the Product Rule to find the derivatives of these functions

a.
5
) 1 ( x x
b. 1 + x x
c.
5
) 3 )( 2 ( + x x
d. 1 3 2 x x
e.
7 2 2
) 3 ( x x
f. ) 3 ( ) 5 2 (
2 2
+ x x

2. Use the Quotient Rule to find the derivatives of these functions

a.
2
) 1 ( x
x

b.
2 2
) 3 ( + k
k

c.
1
3
l
l

d.
1
1
+
p
p

e.
) 1 (
5 1
2
2
m
m
+

f.
1
5 2
+
z
z

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
42


SOLUTIONS TO SELF ASSESSMENT 2(b)

1. a. ( x 1 )
4
( 6x 1)

b.
1 2
2 3
+
+
x
x

c. ( x 3 )
4
( 6x + 7 )

d.
1 3
2 9
x
x

e. 2x( x
2
3 )
6
( 8x
2
- 3 )

f. 2 (2x 5 ) ( 4x
2
5x + 6 )

2 a.
3
) 1 (
1

x
x

b.
3
2
) 1 (
) 1 ( 3
+
k
k

c.
2
) 1 ( 2
2 3
l
l

d.
2
) 1 (
2
p

e.
2 2
) 1 (
14
m
m

f.
3
) 1 ( 2
) 3 2 ( 3
+
+
z
z

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
43


SELF ASSESSMENT 2(c)


a. cot x

b.
x
x sin

c. tan
2
( 5x + 3 )

d. sin
2
x + 2 cos
2
( x- 1)

2. Find the derivative for

a. ln 7x
b. 1 ln
2
+ x
c.
2
) 3 4 (
2
ln
x

d. ln (2x 3)(x + 5)
4

3. Differentiate with respect to x

a. e
x + 1

b. e
x
+ e
-x

c. ( e
x
+ e
-x
)
2

d.
x
x
e
e
+

2
1

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
44


SOLUTI ONS TO SELF ASSESSMENT 2(c)

1. a. cosec
2
x

b.
2
sin cos
x
x x x

c. Let y = tan
2
( 5x + 3 )
dy/dx = 5(2) tan (5x + 3 ) sec
2
(5x + 3 )
= 10 tan ( 5x + 3 ) sec
2
( 5x + 3 ) .

d. sin 2x 10 cos
4
(x 1 ) sin ( x 1)

2. a.
x
1

b.
1
2
+ x
x

c.
3 4
8
x

e. Let y = ln (2x 3)(x + 5)
4

Therefore, y = ln ( 2x 3) + 4 ln (x + 5 )

Then, dy/dx = )
5
1
( 4
) 3 2 (
) 2 ( 1
+
+
x x

=
) 5 )( 3 2 (
) 3 2 ( 4 ) 5 ( 2
+
+ +
x x
x x

) 5 )( 3 2 (
12 8 10 2
+
+ +
x x
x x

=
) 5 )( 3 2 (
) 1 5 ( 2
+

x x
x

TOPI C 2
DIFFERENTIATION
45


3. a. e
x + 1

b. e
x
- e
-x

c. Let y = ( e
x
e
x
)
2

Therefore y = e
x
. e
x
+ e
x
. e
- x
e
x
e
x
e
x
e
x

= e
2x
+ e
2x
2
dy/dx = 2e
2x
+(-2 ) e
2x

= 2 ( e
2x
e
-2x
)

d.
2
) 2 (
2 2
x
x x
e
e e
+
+

UNIT 02 - Differentiation

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UNIT 02 - Differentiation

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TOPI C 2

, where k is more than 2 , fraction number and

, (cancel out 2 and 8)

, where a and b is a constant

(Lets try this in class)

(Lets try this in class)

can be obtained by applying the chain rule.

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