Chapter 2 Additional Problems

X2.1 Three circuit elements, R = 10 , C = 50 F , and L = 140 H , are connected in series and excited by a 60 Hz sinusoidal source. Identify and find the value of two seriesconnected elements that could be substituted without change in the source current. The network impedance is
Z = R + j L j 1 C

Z = 10 + j 2 ( 60 ) 140 106 j Z = 10 j 53

2 ( 60 ) 50 10 6

The network can be modeled by a series-connected R and C where

R = 10 C= 1 1 = = 50 F X 2 ( 60 ) ( 53)

The contribution of the inductor is negligible for the frequency of this problem. X2.2 Three circuit elements, R = 10 , C = 50 F , and L = 140 H , are connected in parallel and excited by a 60 Hz sinusoidal source. Identify and find the value of two parallelconnected elements that could be substituted without change in the source current. The network admittance is
Y= Y= 1 1 j + j C R L 1 1 j + j 2 ( 60 ) 50 106 6 10 2 ( 60 ) 140 10

Y = 0.1 j18.928

The network can be modeled by a parallel-connected R and L where

R= 1 1 = = 10 G 0.1 1 1 = = 140.141 H B 2 ( 60 ) ( 18.928 )

L=

X2.3 Three circuit elements, R = 10 , C = 50 F , and L = 140 H , are connected in series and excited by a 60 Hz sinusoidal source. Identify and find the value of two parallelconnected elements that could be substituted without change in source current. The network impedance is
Z = R + j L j 1 C

Z = 10 + j 2 ( 60 ) 140 106 j

2 ( 60 ) 50 10 6

Z = 10 j 53 = 53.935 79.32

Whence, the network admittance is

Y= 1 1 = = 0.00344 + j 0.01822 S Z 53.935 79.32

The network can be modeled by a parallel-connected R and C where

R= C= 1 1 = = 290.7 G 0.00344 B 0.01822 = = 48.33 F 2 ( 60 )

X2.4 For the circuit of Fig. 2.20, let V1 = V2 = 1200 V , Z x = Z y = 10 , and Z z = j10 . (a) Determine the value of current I1 and (b) the values of P 1 and Q1 (average and reactive power supplied to the network by source V1 ). (a)
Ix = Iz = V1 1200 = = 120 A Zx 10 V1 + V2 2400 = = 24 90 A Zz 1090

By KCL,
I1 = I x + I z = 12 j 24 = 26.83 63.43 A

(b)

* SV 1 = P 1 + jQ1 = V1 I1 = ( 1200 ) ( 26.83 63.43 )

SV 1 = ( 1200 ) ( 26.8363.43 ) = 3219.663.43 VA

So,
P 1 = SV 1 cos1 = 3219.6cos ( 63.43 ) = 1440.1 W Q1 = SV 1 sin 1 = 3219.6sin ( 63.43 ) = 2879.6 VARs

X2.5 For the circuit of Fig. 2.20, let V1 = 2V2 = 2400 V and Z x = Z y = Z z = 10 . (a) Determine the value of current I g and (b) the value of average power supplied by source V2 . (a) By Ohm's law,
Ix = Iy = Iz = V1 2400 = = 240 A Zx 10 V2 1200 = = 120 A Zy 10 V1 + V2 3600 = = 360 A Zz 10

By KCL,
I g = I x I y = 240 120 = 120 A

(b) By KCL,
I 2 = I y + I z = 120 + 360 = 480 A

The average power flow from source V2 is

P2 = V2 I 2 2 = ( 120 ) ( 48 ) cos ( 0 ) = 5760 W

X2.6 The instantaneous voltage and current for the network of Fig. 2.1 (shown in the phasor domain are v ( t ) = 100sin ( 120 t 60 ) V and i ( t ) = 10cos ( 120 t 30 ) A . (a) Calculate the value of average power (P) flowing into the network and (b) determine the values of a series-connected R-L that model the network. (a) The phasor terminal voltage and current are
V= I = 100 100 150 = 30 V 2 2 10 30 2

Thus,
100 10 P = VI cos = cos ( 60 ) = 250 W 2 2

(b)
R= P 250 = 2 I 10 / 2

=5

Z=

V 100 / 2 = = 10 I 10 / 2

X = Z 2 R2 = L=

( 10 ) 2 ( 5) 2

= 8.66

X 8.66 = = 22.97 mH 120

X2.7 For the one-port network of Fig. 2.1, V = V = 100 V , I = 100 A , and the average power flowing into the port is P = 500 W . Determine the values of a parallelconnected R and L that model the network if the source frequency is 60 Hz.
V 2 ( 100 ) R= = = 20 P 500
2

The reactive power to the network is

Q = S 2 P2 =
2

( VI ) 2 P 2

( 1000 ) 2 ( 500 ) 2

= 866.03 VARs

V 2 ( 100 ) X= = = 11.547 Q 866.03 L= X 11.547 = = 30.63 mH 2 ( 60 )

X2.8 Determine the phase angle of voltage V in Problem X2.7.

500 P = cos 1 = cos 1 ( 100 ) ( 10 ) = 60 = V I VI

Since
I = 0 , V = 60 , or V = 10060 V

X2.9 For the network of Fig. X2.1, the two loads are Load 1: 20 kW @ 0.8 PF lagging Load 2: 10 kW @ 0.707 PF leading The loads are fed from the 60 Hz source VS through a feeder line with impedance Z l = j 0.2 . Determine currents I1 , I S , and source voltage VS if the load voltage is VL = 4800 V .

With load average powers known and VL on the reference,

I1 = P 20,000 1 = = 52.083 A VL PF1 480 ( 0.8 )

I1 = I1 cos 1 ( PF1 ) = 52.083 36.87 A I2 = P2 10,000 cos 1 ( PF2 ) = cos 1 ( 0.707 ) = 29.46745 A VL PF2 480 0.707 ( )( )

By KCL,
I S = I1 + I 2 = 52.083 36.87 + 29.46745 = 63.36 9.46 A

By KVL,
VS = Z l I S + VL = ( 0.290 ) ( 63.36 9.46 ) + 4800 = 482.251.49 V

X2.10 For the network of Fig. X2.1, Load 1 is described by 10 kw @ 0.866 PF lagging and Load 2 is a 6 resistor. Load voltage VL = 2400 V . The feeder line has an impedance Z l = 0.5 90 . Determine (a) the source current I S , (b) the average power PS supplied by the source, and (c) the value of source voltage VS .

(a)
I1 = P 10,000 1 cos 1 ( PF1 ) = cos 1 ( 0.866 ) = 48.11 30 A VL PF1 ( 240 ) ( 0.866 ) VL 2400 = = 400 A 6 6

I2 =

By KCL,
I S = I1 + I 2 = 48.11 30 + 400 = 85.13 16.4 A

(b)

( 240 ) = 19.6 kW VL2 PS = P = 10,000 + 1+ 6 6

2

(c) By KVL,
VS = Z l I S + VL = ( 0.5 90 ) ( 85.13 16.4 ) + 2400 VS = 231.6 10.15 V

X2.11 Describe a single equivalent load for the two loads of Problem X2.9. Using the value of I S from Problem X2.9,
Seq = VL I S* = ( 4800 ) ( 63.369.46 ) Seq = 5068.89.46 = 4999.9 + j833.1 VA

The PF of the equivalent load is

PFeq = cos ( 9.46 ) = 0.986 lagging

Thus,
Load eq : Peq @ PFeq = 4999.9 W @ 0.986 PF lagging

X2.12 Determine the value of a capacitor C that if placed across the parallel-connected loads of Problem X2.9 would correct the combined load PF to unity. From the solution of Problem X2.11, the total lagging VARs for the combined loads is Qeq = 833.1 VARs . Thus,
V 2 ( 480 ) XC = L = = 276.56 Qeq 833.1
2

C=

1 1 = = 9.59 F X C 2 ( 60 ) ( 276.56 )

X2.13 The three-phase network of Fig. X2.2 is balanced with a b c phase sequence. If I AB = 1040 , determine the three line currents.

Based on [2.26],
I aA = I AB 3 e j 30 = ( 1040 )

3 30 = 17.3210 A

By three-phase symmetry,
I bB = 17.32 110 A I cC = 17.32130 A

X2.14 Rework Problem X2.13 if the phase sequence is a c b and all else is unchanged. Since there is no applicable formula developed in the text for a c b phase sequence, I aA will be determined by use of KCL. For a c b sequence,
I BC = 10160 A I CA = 10 80 A

But,
I aA = I AB I CA = 1040 10 80 = 17.3270 A

By three-phase symmetry,
I bB = 17.32 170 A I cC = 17.32 50 A

X2.15 The three-phase network of Fig. X2.2 is balanced with a b c phase sequence. Let Z l = 0 and Z L = 3 + j 4 . If I AB = 4820 A , determine the value of source voltage Van . Since Z l = 0 ,
Vab = VAB = I AB Z L = ( 4820 ) ( 553.13 ) = 240 ( 73.13 ) V

X2.16 Rework Problem X2.15 except let Z l = j 0.1 . Based on [2.26],

I aA = I AB 3 e j 30 = ( 4820 )

3 30 = 83.14 10 A

By three-phase symmetry,
I bB = 83.14 130

By KVL and using VAB as determined in Problem X2.15,

Vab = I aA Z l + VAB IbB Z l Vab = ( 83.14 10 ) ( 0.190 ) + 24073.13 ( 83.14 130 ) ( 0.190 ) = 251.6775.1 V

Based on [2.16],
Van = Vab e j 30 3 = 145.3145.1 V

X2.17 The three-phase network of Fig. X2.2 is balanced with a b c phase sequence. Let Z l = j 0.1 and Z L = 3 + j 4 . If Van = 1200 V , determine (a) the value of load current I AB and (b) load voltage VBC . (a) By delta-wye conversion, phase a of the network can be modeled as shown in Fig. X2.3. Whence,

I aA =

Van 1200 = = 68.66 55.1 A Z l + Z L / 3 j 0.1 + ( 3 + j 4 ) / 3 I aAe j 30 3

Based on [2.26], the required load current is

I AB = =

( 68.67 55.1 ) ( 130 )

3

= 39.64 25.1 A

(b) By Ohm's law,

VAB = I AB Z L = ( 39.64 25.1 ) ( 553.13 ) = 198.228.03 V

From three-phase symmetry,

VBC = 198.2 91.97 V

2.18 For the network of Problem X2.16, calculate (a) the total complex power supplied by the three-phase source and (b) the total complex power delivered to the load. (a) Based on [2.66], the source-supplied complex power is
STS = 3 Vab I aA = 3 ( 251.67 ) ( 83.14 ) 45.1 + 10 STS = 36.2455.1 kVA

(b) Using the result for VAB from Problem X2.15 and [2.55], the load complex power is
* STL = 3VAB I AB = 3 ( 24073.13 ) ( 48 20 ) = 34.5653.13 kVA

X2.19 Calculate the total average power supplied to the delta-connected load for Problem X2.17. Since the line impedance is pure reactive, the average power may be calculated at either the source or load. The average power delivered to the load using the results of Problem X2.17 is
P TL = 3 VAB I aA cos ( Z L ) = 3 ( 198.2 ) ( 68.66 ) cos ( 53.13 ) = 14.142 kW

X2.20 The three-phase network of Fig. X2.4 is balanced with a b c phase sequence. Let R = X = 10 . If the load voltage VAB = 4800 , find (a) the value of source current I ba and (b) the total average power supplied to the load.

(a) Based on [2.16],

VAN = VAB 4800 = = 277.14 30 V 330 330 VAN 277.14 30 = = 19.6 75 A R + jX 10 + j10 I aA 3 30 19.6 75 = 11.32 45 A 3 30

Then,
I aA =

Based on [2.29],
I ba = =

(b) The load power is

2 P TL = 3I aA R = 3 ( 19.6 ) ( 10 ) = 588 W

10