ID Questions

In intermittent claudication which is not a factor?

A. Chronic Ischemia
B. Deficient Blood Supply
C. Pain on walking
D. Malignant Hypertension

In Peripheral Atherosclerotic Disease which is not involved?

A. Occlusion of blood supply
B. Chronic Ischemia
C. Atherosclerotic Plaques
D. Scalloping

Chronic Ischemia is recognized by all the following except?

A. Rest Pain
B. Pulses Reduced or Absent
C. Cough
D. Aortoiliac Disease

Which one is not a symptom of Small Vessel Disease (e.g., Buerger's Disease or Diabetes Mellitus)?
A. Femoral and Popliteal Pulses are present but Foot Pulses are absent
B. Look for Pallor on elevation followed by Rubor on dependency
C. If Claudication occurs in the presence of good distal pulses, Spinal stenosis should be considered
D. High Fever

Which one is a symptom of Severly Ischemic Foot?

A. Painful, Cold, and Often Numb
B. Oily Skin
C. Good Nail Growth
D. Edema

All of the following are signs and symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon except.
A. Color changes
B. high fever
C. intermittent attacks of Blanching or cyanosis
D. paresthesias during attacks

All of the following are predisposing disorders to Cor Pulmonale except.

A. cystic fibrosis
B. Kyphoscoliosis
C. Extensive Pumonary Arteritis
D. hypotension

All of the following are associated with Aneurysms except.

A. thrombosis
B. rupture
C. embolism
D. occlusion of proximate vessels
Which of the following is true regarding an electrocardiogram?
A. high frequency sound waves reflecting from cardiac structures
B. most important applications are in assessment of cardiac arrhythmias
C. a standard in assessing ventricular function and valvular abnormalities
D. more accurate and specific for determining individual heart chamber size than plain film radiography

Which of the following is the most common cause of congestive heart failure?
a. uremic heart disease with pericarditis
b. acute rheumatic carditis
c. ischemic heart disease secondary to coronary artery disease
d. idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy

Major causes of left sided heart failure include all of the following except?
A. uremic heart disease with pericarditis
b. myocardial disease
c. hypertension
d. ischemic heart disease

Depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium constitutes?

A. Fibrillation
B. Cardiac cycle
C. Arrhythmic
D. Fasciculation

Which of these gives the better picture of ventricular activity?

A. Q - T interval
B. P wave
C. S - T segment
D. P - R interval

The time it takes for the impulse in the SA mode to stimulate ventricular contraction is known as
A. Depolarization
B. Repolarization
C. Conduction
D. Contraction

_______ is found by measuring the P-R interval and the QRS duration.
A. Conduction time
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Atrial repolarization
D. None of the above

The _______ tells how long it has taken the electrical impulse to travel from the SA node through the atria.
A. QRS duration
B. Conduction time
C. Ventricular rhythm
D. P-R interval
QRS duration tells how long it takes for the ______ to be conducted through
the ventricle.
A. ventricular rhythm
B. electrical impulse
C. Blood
D. R-wave

Cardiac problems are not associated with which of the following diseases?
A. Marfan's syndrome
B. Turner's syndrome
C. GERD
D. Pickwicld2m syndrome

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the carotid Arteries?

A. provide most direct Reflexion of Cardiac activity
B. amplitude of carotid pulse is typically decreased under circumstances associated with higher cardiac
output
C. lack of regularity indicates disturbances of rhythm or hemodynamics as in pulsus alternans
D. volume of the carotid pulse is typically reduced in heart failure and in mural or aortic stenosis

Which of the following is True regarding an Echocardiography?

A. Less accurate and less spec for determining individual heart chamber size than plain film radiography.
B. A standard in assessing ventricular function and valvular abnormalities
C. Diagnostic in cases of right atrial myxoma, mitral valve prolapse, hypofphic cardiomyapathy, visualization of
vegetations of the heart valves in patients with infective endocarditits.
D. High resolution B-mode ultrasoxuhy with color doppler imaging is of great value in assessing peripheral arterial
and venous disease.

What is caused by sudden arterial occlusion by embolization from the heart, a proximal arteriosclerotic plaque, or an
aneurysm, or by an acute thrombosis on preexisting atherosclerotic disease?
A. Severely Ischelnic Foot
B. Acute Ischemia
C. Pneumonia
D. Astluna

What is not to be done when recording the arterial rhythm?

A. Find the peaks of two consecutive P waves.
B. Determine the P-P interval by using Calipers and comparing.
C. Locate the QRS complex in the rhythm strip.
D. If the distance between all of the P waves is the same, the arterial rhythm is regular.

Which is not a true statement when recording ventricular rate?

A. Locate the QRS complex in the rhythm strip.
B. Count the number of squares between the R waves of two consecutive QRS complexes.
C. Divide 1,500 by the number of small squares to find the ventricular rate.
D. Take the sum of three measurements and divide by three to get the average
Which is not a true statement? Regarding the ECG waves?
A. P wave, reflects4epolarization of the atria.
B. None of these is not true
C. T waves, reflect the depolarization of the ventricles.
D. U waves might appear after the T wave when the serum potassium is low.

Aortic valve stenosis and atresia may cause following consequences, except
a) Non-infective Endocarditis
b) Left ventricular hypertrophy
c) Post stenotic dilation of the aortic root
d) Infective Endocarditis

Followings are the clinical significance of Mitral valve Prolapse, except

a) Increased risk of infective Endocarditis
b) Progressive MV insufficiency may produce CHF
c) Atrial and Ventricular Arrythemias
d) Sudden death is not a risk

The clinical consequences of infective Endocarditis are the following, except

a) Direct injury to valves or myocardium
b) Embolic phenomenon to various organs
c) Focal glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome
d) Greater splenomegaly in Acute condition

Which of the following is not a complication of a Myocardial infarction

a. Arrhythmias (75 to 95% of patients)
b. Congestive heart failure (60%)
c. Pulmonary congestion
d. Cardiogenic shock (10%)

Which of the following is the definition of Angina Pectoris?

A. Elevation of Systolic &/or Diastolic BP, Either Primary or Secondary.
B. Thickening and loss of elasticity of Arterial walls.
C. Ischemic Myocardial Necrosis Usually resulting from abrupt reduction in Coronary Blood Flow to a
segment of Myocardium.
D. A clinical Syndrome due to Myocardial Ischemia characterized by episodes of Precordial
discomfort or pressure, Typically precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest or sublingual
Nitroglycerin. (pg 95)

Which one of the following is not a complication of Coronary Artery Disease?

A. Angina Pectoris
B. Arrhythmias (pg95)
C. Myocardial Infarct
D Sudden Cardiac Death

Which one of the following is not a sign or symptom of Angina Pectoris?

A. Most commonly felt under the sternum.
B. Discomfort may be felt in the Upper Abdomen.
C. Typically triggered by rest and relieved by physical activity. (pg 96)
D. Worsened when exertion follows a meal and cold weather.
Which of the following is not a clinical feature of MI used in diagnosis based on symptoms?
A. chest pain
B. nausea
C. diaphoresis
D. vomiting

Which is not an elevation of specific myocardial enzymes?

A. creatine kinase
B. serum glutamic
C. lastic dehydrogenase
D. serum alcohol

Which of the following is not a complication of MI?

A. arrhythmias
B. congestive heart failure
C. cardiogenic shock
D. nictalopia

Which of the following is not a symptom of Angina Pectoris.

a. Highly Variable
b. Is most commonly felt under sternum
c. Discomfort may be felt in the lower abdomen
d. Worsened when exertion follows a meal and cold weather

The following are incidences of a myocardial infarction except

a. Increase in age
b. 5% under 40 yrs
c. 45% under 65yrs
d. Men: Women = 5 to 7 times greater incidence under 80 years

Which of the following is true about Pulsus Paradoxus?

A. An increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure of less than 10 mm Hg
B. A decrease in Systolic Blood Pressure of less than 10 mm Hg
C. An increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure more than 10 mm Hg
D. A decrease in Systolic Blood Pressure of more than 10 mm Hg

Volume of the Carotid Pulse is Typically _____ in heart Failure and in Mitral or Aortic Stenosis.
A. Increased
B. Reduced
C. Doesn't change
D. None of the above

How should the patient be positioned for heart auscultation?

A. Forward, prone, and in left lateral decubitus position
B. Forward, supine and in left lateral decubitus position
C. Forward, prone, and in right lateral decubitus position
D. Forward, supine, and in right lateral decubitus position

All of the following are S\Sx of right ventricular failure except:

A. Marked Hepatomegaly
B. Dyspnea
C. Ascites
D. Hydrothorax
One of the most useful techniques for cardiac assessment is _____ aka Gated Pool Scanning.
A. Radionuclide atriography
B. Radionuclid ventriculography
C. Radionuclide cardiography
D. CT scanning

The first symptom in sedentary patients with left ventricular failure is

A. Orthopnea
B. Dyspnea
C. Ascites
D. Fatigue

Which of the following is a characteristic or preauctal coarctation?

A. Often associated with fetal left ventricular hypertrophy.
B. Generally asymptomatic unless severe.
C. Produces upper-extremity hypertension.
D. Manifests early in life and may be rapidly fatal.

With aortic valve stenosis the narrowing may be due to all the following except?
A. Anomalous development
B. Degenerative calcific stenosis
C. Hypersensitivity to specific allergens
D. Rheumatic Heart Disease

Which of the following statements describe mitral valve prolapse?

A. Etiology uncertain, but there is a 3 to 2 female to male ratio.
B. There is a 4 to 1 male to female ratio, with a genetic predisposition.
C. It is found in 80% of Marfan's Syndrome patients.
D. It is associated with night sweats and headaches

All of the following are true of coarctation of the aorta except:

a. 50% are from isolated defects
b. causes a constriction of the aorta
c. Female: Male= 3-4 : 1
d. In most, cardiomegaly occurs
answer: c ratio is ...male : female = 3-4 : 1. page 121, section under data

In the clinical features of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy(CMP), major complications include all of the following except:
a. embolization
b. infectious endocarditis
c. CHF
d. sudden death
e. ventricular fibrillation with mural stenosis
answer: a correct answer should read - atrial fibrillation with mural thrombus ...page 118

All of the following are clinical consequences of Infective Endocarditis, except:

a. Embolic phenomena in spleen, kidneys, and brain
b. direct injury to valves or myocardium
c. hepatomegaly, greater with subacute than acute infective endocarditis
d. renal injury, including embolic infarction/infection
answer: c correct answer should read - splenomegaly ....clinical consequences of I.E., p. 114
WHICH IS NOT A SIGN/SYMPTOM OF ANGINA PECTORIS?
A. MOST COMMONLY FELT UNDER STERNUM
B. HIGHLY VARIABLE
C. RELIEVED BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 96
D. DISCOMFORT MAY BE FELT IN UPPER ABDOMEN

WHICH IS NOT A COMPLICATION IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?

A. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
B. SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
C. ANGINA PECTORIS
D. A. L. S. 95

WHICH IS NOT A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS?

A. PEPTIC ULCER
B. GALLBLADDER DISEASE
C. NEUROGENIC CLAUDICATION 97
D. COSTOCHONDRAL SEPARATION

On a normal ECG, the QRS and the T waves have higher spikes than that of the P wave due to what phenomena?
A. The electrical impulse of the left ventricle is physically closer to the ECG leads.
B. The mass of the ventricles is larger than that of the atria.
C. The anatomical position of the heart
D. The computer is calibrated to have larger values for the ventricular contraction
compared to the atrial contraction.

The appearance of a U-wave on a patients ECG is indicative of what?

A. Myocardial infarct
B. Tachycardia
C. Low serum potassium levels
D. A defibrillator

The ventricles of the heart are stimulated to contract ultimately by impulses from the?
A. Bundle of His
B. Left and right bundle branches
C. The SA Node
D. Purkinje fibers

Pain or uncomfortable sensation of tiredness usually in calf or thigh muscles that occurs in response to exertion and is
relieved by rest is a definition of which of the following?
A. Chest pain
B. Edema
C. Syncope
D. Claudication (pg 82)

Atrial Septal defect with bony abnormalties of the upper extremity is associated with which of the following syndromes?
A. Marfan's Syndrome
B. Holt-Oran Syndrome (pg 83)
C. Down's Syndrome
D. Turner's Syndrome
Right-sided heart failure is typically a consequence of which of the following?
A Left-sided failure (pg91)
B. Hypertension
C. Ischemic Heart Disease
D. Mitral Valve Disease

The single most reliable physical sign of congestive heart failure in patients over the age of 40 years is?
A. A third heart sound(S3)
B. A fourth heart sound (S4)
C. Pulmonary rales
D. Ascites
E. Edema

All of the following factors contribute to an increase risk for the development of coronary artery disease except:
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
C. Hypertension
D. Family history
E. Cigarette smoking

Which of the following statements best characterize tricuspid regurgitation?

A. Infective endocarditis is a common cause.
B. The murmur heard in tricuspid regurgitation decrease with inspiration.
C. Large waves in the jugular venous pulse are characteristic.
D. Correction of coexistent left ventricular failure rarely improves the condition
E. Cardiac catherization is required for the diagnosis.

A Patient presents at your office with the signs: A sinus tachardia, with enlarged heart and an S3 Gallop. The most probable
Dx is.
A.CHF (pg 93)
B. MI
C. Coarctation of Aorta
D. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

If you suspect RT ventricular failure in your patient over left ventricular what would you suspect a presenting S/Sx to be:
A. Ankle swelling occurring during the day and relieved over night:
More persistent and pronounced as failure continues.
B. Dyspnea may become totally disabling
C. Cheyne-stokes respiration and cyanosis
D.Chief complaint of dyspnea (first noted on exertion)

If your X-ray findings of your patient show silhouetted enlarged heart, plural effusion and pulmonary congestion (Fan-like
Densities radiating from hilar region, would you suspect?
A. Occlusive Artery Dz
B. CHF
C. Corarctation of Aol.
. D. MI
The most common anomaly associated with aortic stenosis is:
a. bicuspid aortic valve
b. tricuspid aortic valve
c. coarction of the aorta
d. patent ligamentum venosum

Cardiac related symptoms are associated with all of the following syndromes EXCEPT:
a) Marfan's syndrome
b) Turner's syndrome
c) Reiter's syndrome
d) Down syndrome

Congestive heart failure can occur secondary to all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Ischemic myocardial injury
b) Hypertension
c) Berry aneurism
d) Pulmonary embolism

Left sided congestive heart failure is associated with:

a) Ankle swelling
b) Hepatomegaly
c) Cor pulmonale
d) Orthopnea

What does it mean when the QRS complex is too close to the T wave?
a) Early depolarization of the atria
b) Ventricles contracting prematurely
c) Earliest clue to diagnosing myocardial infarction
d) Gives information on conduction time

What is the normal Q-T interval range?

a) .04 -.50 seconds
b) .50 - I second
c) .32 - .42 seconds
d) .45 - .65 seconds

Which complex, segment or wave gives one of the earliest clues in diagnosing myocardial infarction?
a) S-T segment
b) P wave
c) QRS complex
d) T wave

Noninfective endocarditis is also known as:

a. nonbacterial thorombotic endocarditis
b. nonviral thorombotic endocarditis
c. nonfungal thorombotic endocarditis
d. granuloma thorombotic endocarditis

Dilated CMP is caused by a deficiency of

a. Thiamin
b. Rioflavin
c. Cobalmin
d. Folate
Assessment of symptoms of palpitations, dizziness & syncope is best done with?
(a) electrocardiogram
(b) chest x-ray
(c) echocardiograph
d) 24 hour (Hotter) ECG

T/F The doppler method is the standard technique for assessment of determining existence & location of myocardial
ischemia & infarction

What is. the cornerstone of the clinical cardiologic evaluation?

(a) chest x-ray
(b) M RI
(c) Echocardiograph
(d) Lead Electrocardiogram

Which of the following is not true regarding lab findings in congestive heart failure?
A. Slight albuminuria is common
B. Oliguria seen in right sided heart failure
C. Plasma volume is increased
D. Urine sodium is increased

Which of type following is not a complication of coronary artery disease?

A. Angina pectoris
B. Increased interstitial osmolality
C. Myocardial infarct
D. Sudden cardiac death

Pain associated with coronary artery disease is a direct manifestation of:

A. Coronary sinus blood pH decrease
B. Cellular K loss
C. Elevated BP
D. Ischemia and accumulated hypoxic metabolites

What two types of electrical processes are involved in the Cardiac Cycle?
A. Depolarization
B. Resting State
C. Repolarization
D. Both A & B
E. Both A & C

What happens during the resting state?

A. Positive Charges(Na+) outside the cell equal negative charge(K+) on the inside
B. Positive Charges(Na+) outside the cell greater then negative charge(K+) on the inside
C. Positive Charges(Na+) outside the cell less then negative charge(K+) on the inside

In a ECG what are the wave labeled as?

A. P, Q, and T waves
B. QRS, and T waves
C. P, QRS, and T waves
D. P, QR, and T waves
Which is not an Essential Component of the Clinical Data Base?
A. X-Ray
B. History
C. Physical Examination
D. Laboratory Studies

Which is not an early physical examination finding in left-sided heart failure?

A. Resonant Percussive Note
B. Normal Breath and Transmitted Voice Sounds
C. Late Inspiratory Crackles in Lower Lungs
D. Trachea Deviated to Left Side

Right-Sided heart failure is typically a consequence of ?

A. Hypertension
B. Myocardial Disease
C. Left-Sided Heart Failure
D. Ischemic Heart Disease

What are the three subdivisions of primary cardiomyopathy?

A. Dilated, hypotrophic, restrictive
B. Constrictive, hypotrophic, restrictive
C. Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive (pg116)
D. Dilated, constrictive, hypertrophic

Which are the common morphologic changes associated with all cardiotoxic agents? (Multiple answers)
A. pyknosis
*B. Myofiber swelling
*C. Fatty change
*D. Individual cell lysis

The ratio of mitral valve prolapse in females to males is:

A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 3:4
D. 3:2

T/F P wave reflex depolarizes of atria, QRS complex reflex depolarizes ventricle, T wave reflex repolarizes of ventricle
and not show on atria

How to diagnostic cardiac arrythmia by looking at ECG,graph?

A. the S-T segment is normal flat
B. normal Pwave is similar in shape and size
C. normal QRS complex distance with T wave is similar in shape and size
D. all of the above

All of the following are cardinal symptoms of cardiovascular disease except:

a. dyspnea
b. hemoptysis
c. wheeze
d. fatigue and weakness
answer c p.81
All of the following are components of Pickwickian Syndrome except:
a. obesity
b. somnolence
c. hyperventilation
d. erythrocytosis
answer c. pg83

Which of the following is not one of the initial ways to assess the movement of the heart?
a. observation
b. ultrasound
c. palpation
d. percussion
answer b. pg84

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the T wave?

a. Spells Danger
b. Ventricles contracting prematurely
c. Ventricles stop contraction
d. Greater chances of severe ventricular arrhythmia

If P waves are not similar in shape and size it might mean what two things?
a. Nothing it is normal
b. Irritability in atrial tissue
c. Irritability in ventricle tissue
d. Damage near the SA node

The S-T segment provides what?

a. One of the earliest clues in diagnosing myocardial infarction
b. Period of ventricular relaxation
c. Person has diabetes or not
d. How the heart will perform in stressful situations .

Rheumatic Fever is typically seen in all of the following except:

a. A patient presenting with a sore throat, fever, and arthralgia.
b. in children ages 5-15.
c. 1-5 weeks after a Group A Strep infection.
d. 1-5 weeks after a Group B Strep infection.

Which of the following is not a treatment of Raynaud's Disease Phenomenon?

a. biofeedback
b. use mild sedatives
c. continue a vasoconstrictor (smoking)
d. protect body from cold

A Berry Aneurysm does not:

a. usually occur in circle of Willis
b. partially fill with thrombus
c. spherical dilate due to congenital wall weakness
d. usually have a diameter less than 1.5cm

T/F Pain is common with Raynaud's Phenomenon Disease?

Which of the following conditions is known as Right-Sided Counterpart to Hypertensive?
a. Arteriosclerosis
b. Cor Pulmonale
c. Cardiomyopathy
d. Infective Endocarditis

Which of the following is not a disorder predisposing to Cor Pulmonale?

a. Cystic Fibrosis
b. Extensive Persistent Atelectasis
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Diffuse Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis

T/F Acute Cor Pulmonale is Left Ventricular Dialation after massive Pulmonary Embolization.

Which of the following is correct sequence for the cardiac conduction?

A. impulse to AV node, travel to SA node, continue to bundle of HIS and purkinge fiber, terminate
intraventricular septum
B. impulse to AV node, travel to intraventricular septum, continue to SA node, terminate bundle of HIS and
purkinge fiber
C. impulse to SA node, travel to AV node, continue to bundle of HIS and purkinge fiber, terminate
intraventricular septum
D. none of the above

Which of the following is not associated with atherosclerotic aneurysm?

a. Has minimal risk at less than 6 cm in the adominal aorta.
b. Usually involves the common illiac artery.
c. Has an association with Hypertension.
d. A probable aneurysm is indicated at 3.8 cm.

Syphilic Aneurysms are

a. Only seen in the ascending aorta.
b. Associated with Chancre.
c. Saccular in nature.
d. Not a cause of death.

Which of the following is most commonly associated with men over 50 years of age?
a. Berry Aneurysm
b. Cylindroid Aneurysm
c. Arteriosclerosis
d. Atherosclerotic Aneurysm

Which of the following is true about mitral valve prolapse?

A) more common in males
B) rarely sudden death
C) present in 20% of population between 20 and 40 yrs.
D) does not produce CHF

Which is NOT true about coarctation of the aorta?

A) more common in males
B) 50% are isolated defects
C) a dilation of the aorta
D) most occur just distal to the ductus arteriosus
Which is NOT associated with dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy?
A) occurs only in elderly
B) gradual four chamber dilation
C) occurs as slow, progressive CHF
D) only 25% survive beyond 5 yrs

All of the following may be seen in Rheumatic Heart Disease except:

a. Erythema marginatum.
b. St. Vita's Dance
c. Carditis
d. Subcutaneous nodules
e. Migratory Large Joint Polyarthritis

T/F Strep throat is considered a benign inflammatory disease of childhood.

When configuring the T-wave and its location

a) use the top and the bottom line to configure arterial pressure
b) evaluate the size and shape of each one in comparison to each other*
c) should point the same way as QRS complex and follow them*
d) affected by the breathing of the patient with intercostals only

When configuring and locating the Q-T Interval

a) gives better picture of the total ventricular activity*
b) count the small squares from beginning of QRS complex to the end of the T-wave
and multiply by .04 seconds*
c) normal interval ranges from .32 to .42 secs., depending on the Ventricular rate*
d) atrial fibrillation can be measured from the top of Q wave to the end of the T wave

T/F Rhythm includes both an Atrial and Ventricular Rhythm

Which of the following higher frequency sounds is associated during mid/late systolic?
a. opening snaps
b. ejection sounds
c. summation gallop
d. mitral valve clicks

While performing cardiac assessment, which is the most accurate and specific for determining individual heart chamber size?
a. electrocardiogram
b. chest radiography
c. echocardiography
d. radionuclide ventriculography

Which of the following signs and symptoms are likely to be present during left ventricular failure?
a. constipation
b. nausea
c. dyspnea
d. hepatomegaly

Raynaud's Phenomenon can be associated with all the following except:

a. Hypertension
b. Scleroderma
c. Paresthesias
d. Color changes at the DIP joints and thumb
T/F Raynaud's Phenomenon, there is spasm of the veins, usually in the digits.

Which of the following is true concerning Raynaud's Phenomenon?

a. Triphasic and Biphasic color changes are present
b. Pain is common
c. Cooling of hands restores normal color and sensation
d. Cyanosis is abnormal

Two types of electrical processes called Depolarization and Repolarization equal what?
A. Heart Rate
B. Cardiac Cycle
C. QRS complex
D. T wave

During Depolarization what activity is taking place?

A. Myocardium contracts
B. Myocardium relaxes
C. T wave shows on ECG
D. Cells of myocardium are resting

A disturbance in the processes of the cardiac cycle may produce what?

A. Rhythmic heart beat
B. Stenosis
C. Atresia
D. Arrhythmia

When accessing your cardiac patients arterial pressure and pulse which of the following would NOT be correct?
A. Record pressure and pulse's in both supine and standing positions.
B. Peripheral Arterial pulses should be felt and compared with particular attention to a pulse delay.
C. Always measure pulse and pressure in the left arm
D. Patients with claudication should have their lower extremity pulses examined at rest and with exercise.

When evaluating your cardiac patient with ausculation, which of the following would NOT be correct?
A. Begin with a systemic approach
B. The timing and nature of the 1 St and 2"d heart sounds are determined beginning at the apex of the heart.
C. Listen with the patient sitting and leaning forward, supine, and in the left lateral decubitus position.
D. Murmurs should be identified and characterized, using the bell to distinguish high-frequency events
and the diaphram for lowerfrequency sounds.

What is the least common cause of CHf?

A. Ischemic Heart DZ
B. Severe Anemia
C. Rheumatic Valvular DZ
D. Congenital Heart Dz
Which of the following is not a common cause of morbidity or mortality with an Aneurysm?
a. embolism
b. occlusion of proximal vessels
c. rupture
d. constriction of large vessels
e. impingement of adjacent structure

Which type of aneurysm is due to congenital weakness in the vessel wall?

a. Berry Aneurysm
b. Saccular Aneurysm
c. Fusiform
d. Cylindroid

Which type of aneurysm is most commonly due to Atherosclerosis?

a. Berry
b. Saccular
c. Fusiform
d. b&c

Pathognomonic Focal inflammatory nodules (Aschoff Bodies) associated with Rheumatic Fever are most characteristic of
a) Lung tissue
b) Hepatic tissue
c) Myocardial tissue
d) Renal tissue

Which of the following is the pathology, which causes Rheumatic Fever to progress to Congestive Heart Failure:
a) Myocarditis
b) Valvular Involvement
c) Arthritis
d) Erythema Marginatum

Which of the following is not a secondary change as a result of mitral valve stenosis associated with rheumatic fever:
a) Left atrial dilation
b) Congestive Heart Failure
c) Left ventricular hypertrophy

Lab Findings in CHF include all except

a) oliguria
b) increased plasma volume
c) total body sodium markedly increased
d) acidosis or alkalosis may be seen

Complicating coronary artery disease is caused by all except

a) Atheromas in small arteries*
b) large and medium arteries w/ deposits of atheroma
c) ruptures of eccentric atheromatous plaques
d) intraluminal thrombosis

T/F Approximately 30% of patients with unstable Angina Pectoris will have a MI within 3 months of onset
What is not a symptom of Raynaud's Phenomenon?
a) Spasm of Arterides
b) Intermittent Pallor or Cyanosis
c) Cooling of the hand restores normal color and sensation*
d) Pain is uncommon

Abnormal dilations of the vessels is called

a) impingement
b) plaque
c) spasms
d) aneurysm*

All of the following are examples of aneurysms except

a) Saccular
b) Berry
c) Dissecting
d) syphillitic
e) All of the above*

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis is most commonly caused by: (Page 114)

A. Streptococcus Viridans
B. Streptococcus Pyogenens
C. Staphylococcus Aureus
D. Staphylococcus Pyogenens
E. Dr. Suh

Dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive are types of (page 116)

A. Primary Cardiomyopathy
B. Secondary Cardiomyopathy
C. Primary Cor Pulmonale
D. Secondary Cor Pulmonale

Which of the following is (are) related to Coarctation of the aorta? (page 121)
A. A constriction of the aorta
B. Male:Female = 3-4:1
C. 50% are isolated defects
D. Preductal and Postductal are two subtypes
E. All of the above

Clinical features such as angina, syncope, and CHF are seen in which of the following?
A. Mitral Valve Prolapse
B. Aortic Valve Stenosis
C. Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis
D. Coarctation of the Aorta

Secondary CMP are Myocardial disorders of

A. unknown etiology
B. known eitiology
C. known and unknown etiology
D. nutritional deficiency
Which of the following is generally asymptomatic and found only as a mid-systolic click?
A. Mitral valve prolapse
B. Aortic valve stenosis
C. Calcific aortic valve
D. Coarctation of the aorta

When measuring arterial pressure and pulse, a pulse delay at the femoral artery can be a manifestation of which of the
following?
A. Pulsus Paradoxus
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Myocardial Infarction
D. Aortic Stenosis

Mitral valve clicks are heard during which phase of the heartbeat?
A. Early diastolic
B. mid to late diastolic
C. early systolic
D. mid to late systolic

In a patient with hypertension where would you primarily notice increased amplitude of the pulse?
A. Carotid artery
B. Jugular vein
C. Femoral artery
D. Abdominal aorta

The diagnosis of MI is based on all the following except:

A. Chest Pain
B. Elevation of Creatine Kinase
C. ECG - An upward sloping ST Segment
D. Diaphoresis

Which of the following concerning Hypertension is true:

A. Hereditary is not a predisposing factor
B. Environmental factors do not affect Genetically Susceptible individuals
C. Some Hypertensives have a higher than normal Circulating Plasma Catecholamines at rest.
D. The Parasympathetic nervous system is probably the most responsible for arterial hypertension

Which of the following is the most common complication of MI:

A. Congestive heart failure
B. Arrhythmias
C. Embolism
D. Ventricular rupture

All of the following are thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls except.
A. Endocarditis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis
D. Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is common in all of the following areas except.
A. Abdominal Aorta
B. Circle of Willis
C. Femoral artery
D. Popliteal artery

Commonly involves the femoral, tibial, radial, ulnar, and genitalia arteries and is seen as a ring in media without
inflammation.
A. Hyaline Arteriosclerosis
B. Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
C. Necrotizing Arteriolitis
D. Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis

T /F: On an ECG, another wave appearing after the "T" wave and is called the "U" wave may show up on ECG's of
patients who have low serum potassium. TRUE

T/F: The SA node of the heart is refered to as the "cardiac pacemaker" and its electrical -impulse travels from the
ventricles to the atria. FALSE

_____ remains a cornerstone of the clinical cardiologic evaluation.

A. Chest Radiography
B. Cardiac Catheterization
C. Electrocardiogram
D. Radionuclide Studies

Which is the most likely cause of congestive heart failure?

A. Diseases of the Pulinonic or Tricuspid Valves
B. Arteriovenous Fistula
C. Calcific Aortic Stenosis
D. Ischemic Heart Disease

Cheyne-Stokes respiration and cyanosis are signs and symptoms of which of the following?
A. Severe Congestive Heart Failure
B. Right Ventricular Failure
C. Left Ventricular Failure
D. Right Atrial Failure

What happens during the electrical process of depolarization?

a) Myocardium relaxes
b) Cardiac cells are stimulated & the myocardium contracts
c) Cardiac output increases
d) Myocardium attracts again the positive charges (Na+)

The P wave in the ECG indicates:

a) Atrial repolarization
b) Ventricular repolarization
c) Ventral depolarization
d) Atrial depolarization
How do you measure atrial rhythm in the interpretation of ECG?
a) Determine interval in 2 consecutive P Waves & compare this interval with all other PP intervals using a
caliper.
b) Count squares between 2 consecutive waves
c) Count squares between the R wave and the 2 consecutive QRS complexes
d) By dividing all the P's in the ECG and dividing the # by 12

On an ECG wave the "P" wave reflects:

a) the depolarization of the atria
b) the depolarization of the ventricles
c) the repolarization of the ventricles
d) repolarization of both the atria and the ventricles

Which of the following is not indicative of Dialated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy?

A) Gradual Four Chamber Dialation
B) Occurs at any age.
C) Occurs as rapid, progressive CHF (pg116)
D) Only 25% have a 5 year survival rate

T/F Cocaine useage may cause primary cardiomyopathy by blocking catecholamine reuptake at androgenic nerve
terminals. (pg119)

Which type of valvular disease is commonly seen in conjunction with Marfan's Syndrome?
A) Mitral valve prolapse (pg 123)
B) Calcific aortic valve stenosis
C) Pulmonary valve stenosis
D) Pulmonary valve atresia
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of Raynaud's Phenomenon?
A) Intermittent attacks of blanching or cyanosis
B) Warming of hands restores normal color and sensation
C) Pain is common (pg 106)
D) Paresthesias are frequent during attack
Berry aneurysms most frequently occur in the:
A) aorta
B) Circle of Willis (pg 108)
C) Basilar artery
D) None of the above
T/F The Erythema Marginatum seen in Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease involves a specific skin rash that
demonstrates a "stocking and glove" distribution, and macular lesions with erythematous rims and central clearing. (pg 110)
All of the following are consequences of infective endocarditis except:
a. direct injury to valves
b. metastatic infections of the brian
c. renal injury
d. spleenomegaly
e. spread of the cynebacteria to the lungs
All of the following are causes of cardiomyopathy except
a. alcohol toxicity
b. peripartum cmp
c. genetic dfect
d. postviral myocarditis
e. congestive heart failure
All of the following are associated with pulmonary valve stenosis or atresia with intact interventricular septum except
a. occurs in association with transposition
b. pulmonary stenosis
c. complete pulmonic atresia
d. right ventricular hypertrophy
e. left ventricular hypertrophy