Slide 1 music stops. Smriti Permission.

Slide 2 (Smriti)
World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. However, the half century that now separates us from that conflict has exacted its toll on our collective knowledge. While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars, historians as well as its veterans, our generation has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war. Highly relevant today, World War II has much to teach us, not only about the profession of arms, but also about logistics preparedness, global strategy, and combined operations in the coalition war against tyranny / fascism.

Slide 3 (Smriti)
One of the most significant battles in the pacific, which was considered to be the turning point of the World War II is the battle of Guadalcanal. Battle of Guadalcanal was waged 68 years ago in the Pacific Ocean and fought between the Imperial Japanese forces and allied forces of United States of America. The battle almost brought the allies to its knees, but the aftermath had a different story to tell.

Slide 4 (Smriti)
Today we would be reliving those moments of Guadalcanal campaign with our live studio correspondent Lt Cdr Ratnayake interviewing the last of the Guadalcanal veterans a contemporary of that era.

Slide 5 (Smriti)
Sir you have been entrusted with the huge responsibility of finding out the details of one of the longest and the most decisive campaign of the World War II. How do you intend to cover vast subject in this interview?

Slide 6 (Rathnayake) Good evening Smriti. I feel really proud and nervous as I go in to interview one of the last veterans of the World War II. Yes, I am prepared and I will >> ensure that our viewers will come to know of Slide 7 (Rathnayake) What is this WATCHTOWER? ; The Introduction to the campaign ;

Slide 8 (Rathnayake) Location of the battles ; Slide 9 (Rathnayake) The Japanese and the American Plans ; Slide 10 (Rathnayake) The Opposing forces of the two nations ; Slide 11 (Rathnayake) The Battle ; Slide 12 (Rathnayake) The Analysis of the war ; Slide 13 (Rathnayake) and finally the Lessons learnt. Slide 14 (Rathnayake) Ladies & Gentlemen, please join us to welcome one of the last veterans of the World War II, then Lt. Tony Curtis. Question Sir, it would be wonderful to know about the World war history right from the horses mouth. Would you please ..? Slide 15 (DD) Oh .. Yeah yeah .. There was battle in the lands, in the air and in the seas. >>World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. >>The Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor, and were advancing toward the Philippines, Wake, Guam, Hong Kong, and the Malay Peninsula. >>That was when we scrambled to blunt the Japanese momentum.

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Slide 18 (DD) There were battles at the Coral Sea and at Midway and that is where we broke their backs. But what was to follow was even more ravaging. Slide 19 (DD) Guadalcanal, Our first battle in the campaign to liberate the Pacific from Japanese occupation. August 7 1942, our 1st Marine Division landed on Guadalcanal. We codenamed the campaign as Operation Watchtower and Although the naval battles of Midway and Coral Sea have been described as the turning points, in the Pacific War, Guadalcanal was where the Japanese war machine was finally halted. I have with me, a rare colored video of the war time. Let us relive the experience. <video>

( Smriti ) Slide 20 >>Americans chose the Solomon Islands, specifically the southern Solomon Islands of Guadalcanal, to launch their first amphibious campaign to liberate the Pacific from Japanese occupation.

Slide 21 (Smriti) >> Guadalcanal is the largest of the Solomons in the South Pacific Ocean, a group of 992 islands out of which 347 are inhabited,.

Slide 22 (Smriti) >> It is located northeast of Australia and was discovered in year 1568.

Slide 23 (Smriti) Guadalcanal has an area of 2,047 square miles and is of volcanic origin. It has a mountainous spine and Many short, rapid streams tumble from the wooded mountains to the coast. >> Honiara, the national capital, is on the north coast.

Slide 24 (Smriti) Its strategic importance lies in the fact that it is positioned as the gateway from the west to the east, a situation from where the pacific and south east Asia can be controlled , >> a place lying 2694 Nmiles from japan and >> 3087 N Miles from the nearest point in USA ie the Hawai Slide 25 (Smriti) >> Gaudalcanal fell to the marauding Japanese without much resistance from the british by February 1942. The Japanese invaded the Solomons in 1942 during World War II and began building a >> strategic airfield on Guadalcanal, which is famously known as Henderson airfield . >> On August 7, U.S. Marines landed on the island, signaling the Allies' first major offensive against Japanese-held positions in the Pacific. Slide 26 (Smriti) >> Both Japanese and American forces fought the battle which was one of the longest in the Pacific War at the >> farthest end of their respective supply lines and in a >> terrain and climate that was hostile to both sides. Both sides also lost large amounts of ships off the island, so much so that it became known as >> 'Iron Bottom' Sound. >> The first unit to be engaged on Guadalcanal was the newly formed 1st Marine Division, which had moved from the east coast of the United States to New Zealand in June 1942. Slide 27 (Rathnayake) Question Sir, can you recollect your contemporaries stalwarts. Answer (DD) Brave men all of them .. on both sides. Slide 28 (DD) The Japanese in the campaign were led by Naval General Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto a master strategist of pearl harbor fame who Slide 29 (DD) along with his able chieftain Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa instilled fear in allied ranks. It was Mikawa who designed the tactics and executed them at the battles at Guadalcanal Slide 30 (DD) And We were led by General Alexander Vandegrift. Vandy sir had the command of the marines at Guadalcanal

Slide 31 (DD) This was the time when the great Admiral Nimitz was planning the naval attacks in the pacific and the Operation Watchtower was his vision. Slide 32 (DD) The man who supported the campaign at land was the old American warhorse, General Douglas Mc Arthur.

Slide 33 (Rathnayake) Question Sir, please tell us about the Japanese and American plans >> (DD) Answer - Although late, we planned and they didnt. They failed.

Slide 34 (Smriti) Japanese had over run >> Manchuria, >> south east asia and >> Rabaul on the island of New Britain, from which they could dominate the whole area and launch an operation to >> draw Australia into submission by cutting off supply lines of the allies.

Slide 35 (Smriti) Slide 36 (Smriti) As the Japanese advanced in East Asia they overran the Philippines, Guam and Singapore. Slide 37 (Smriti) They seized Rabaul on the island of New Britain to sever the supply lines from Hawaii to Australia. Slide 38 (Smriti) They continued with an attack on the Solomons and on the north coast of New Guinea, which led to the Battle of the Coral Sea. The Japanese commander in the area felt exposed and

Slide 39 (Smriti) so sent survey parties to Guadalcanal to look for sites to build an airbase after which the Japanese could attack Australia.

Slide 40 (Smriti) That is the intended Japanese route to Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands.

DD - Slide 41 >> We had our own challenges dominated by inter-service rivalries. >> General MacArthur had the foresight and he pre-empted the Japanese invasion at New Guinea through land.. And, Admiral Nimitz argued that he wouldnt be able to hold forces without naval support. It would be very risky to operate Carriers without taking control of Tulagi. >> The Joint Chiefs came up with a two pronged attack. The Navy and Marine Corps would attack and seize Tulagi, Guadalcanal and the surrounding area while MacArthur made a parallel advance towards New Guinea. >> Vandy sir, was notified that our division would spearhead the attack. >> We were surprised, rather shocked. Part of the Division was in NewZealand and part of it in the US. There were Operational and Logistics problems as we were not prepared to go in a war until early 1943. We were raw and untrained. We had little time to load and unload our ships, practice at Fiji Islands and then sail to the Solomon Islands. Slide 42

Slide 43 (Umesh) >> Japanese forces in general were excellent at camouflage and highly mobile, although their mobility was restricted due to the dense jungle of Guadalcanal, which also disrupted communications and limited supplies to what could be carried by the troops themselves. They were hardy, tenacious and subscribed to the >> code of 'Bushido', preferring death to capture, and subject to many privations and harsh discipline. >> The

Japanese Navy was a highly efficient organisation, could operate by day or night, was a disciplined, aggressive force and used its equipment to good effect.

Slide 44 (Umesh) >>The American forces consisted mainly of the newly formed 1st Marine Division, which were untried volunteers, >>having to make do with World War One vintage equipment, >>having insufficient medical backup, communications and logistics to cope adequately with the harsh campaign. >>The American artillery was accurate and could deliver a large volume of high angle fire, in either the defence or the attack. >>The one advantage the US Navy had was that, using a series of advanced operating bases, a ship sustaining damage could be repaired fairly quickly and sent into battle again, whereas the Japanese ships would have to retreat out of range of US airpower, which established itself on the island. The Americans thought of Advanced Operating Bases way back in 1942 while WE are still unfortunately just mulling over the requirements of this vital resource.

Slide 45 (Umesh) We do not want to take our audience through the details of the longest war in the Pacific theater during the World War II as it carries the fear of turning an otherwise poignant tale into a dull and boring account. <video>

Slide 46 (Umesh) When Japanese troops arrived on Guadalcanal, few people outside of the South Pacific had ever heard of that 2,500-square-mile speck of jungle in the Solomon Islands. But the ensuing six-month Guadalcanal campaign proved to be the turning point of the Pacific war. Strategically, possession of a Guadalcanal air base was important to control the sea lines of communication between the US and Australia. Operationally, the Battle of Guadalcanal was notable for the interrelationship of a complex series of engagements on the ground, at sea, and in the air. Tactically, what

stood out was the resolve and resourcefulness of the U.S. Marines, whose tenacious defense of the Henderson Field enabled the Americans to secure air superiority. By far the most significant loss for the Japanese was the decimation of their elite group of naval aviators. Japan, after Guadalcanal, no longer had a realistic hope of withstanding the counteroffensive of an increasingly powerful United States.

Slide 47 (DD) >> On November 13, Allied forces intercepted Japanese bombardment group comprising one light cruiser and 11 destroyers. Two Japanese destroyers were sunk and another destroyer heavily damaged. Japanese won the battle but receded owing to heavy loses.

Slide 48 (DD) With a mission failed, Yamamoto ordered his stand by fleet to bomb Henderson airfield on 14 nov 1942 . By this time uss enterprise had sailed in the vicinity unnoticed and they caught the Japanese unawares. Throughout the day of November 14, aircraft from Henderson Field and Enterprise attacked Japanese ships, sinking one heavy cruiser and seven of the transports. Slide 49 (DD) four Japanese transports beached themselves on Guadalcanal and began unloading. U.S. aircraft and artillery attacked the beached transports, destroying all, along with most of the supplies that they carried. Only 2,000 of the army troops made it ashore. The Japanese were already on the defensive as they started evacuating forces from Guadalcanal in dec 1942 and by feb 1943 guadalcanal was liberated from Japanese forces. Slide 50 (Umesh) If you can wear out the time then you have weathered the war. Gaudalcanal is a glowing example of victory achieved by sheer logistics strength. <video> Slide 51 (Umesh) The Americans were at a particular disadvantage, being assaulted from both- the sea and air. But the U.S. Navy was able to reinforce its troops to a greater extent, and by February 1943, the Japanese had retreated on secret orders of their emperor (so

secret, the Americans did not even know it had taken place until they began happening upon abandoned positions, empty boats, and discarded supplies).

Slide 52 (Umesh) >> Victory on Guadalcanal brought important strategic gains to the Americans and their Pacific allies BUT at high cost. These gains cost the Americans 1,592 killed in action and 7,183 wounded & disabled. >> For the Japanese, losses were even more traumatic: 14,800 killed in battle, another 10,000 dead from disease, and about 1,000 taken prisoner. More costly to Japan was the loss of over six hundred aircraft and pilots. >> Ground commanders saw the campaign as an amphibious operation with joint responsibilities. That is, naval forces would secure the seas around the objective - for as long as it took ground forces - to clear Guadalcanal of enemy. >> Intelligence about the island of Guadalcanal and Japanese forces on the island proved inadequate throughout the campaign. The best information on terrain conditions came from missionaries and planters expelled by the Japanese. >> The greatest single factor reducing troop effectiveness on Guadalcanal were diseases, particularly malaria. For every man who became a casualty in combat, five fell to malaria. Slide 53 (Umesh) The Forces of the two groups can be compared as shown Slide 54 (Umesh) The strengths may be compared and it can be seen that both adversaries had their own positives. Slide 55 (Umesh) And similar was the case with their weaknesses.. Slide 56 (Umesh) >> The mobilization of the U.S. economy during World War II represented a substantial re-ordering of economic priorities. During wartime, markets are subjected to abrupt supply/demand shocks, resulting in dislocations, frictions, and bottlenecks.

>> In order to avoid or at least minimize these problems, governments increase their intervention in the marketplace. >> War demands and the preparations for war, were the real force bringing the U.S. economy out of prolonged depression; >> the period from 1940 to 1944 witnessed the largest expansion in industrial production in U.S. history.

Slide 57 (Umesh) Expansion of industrial capacity was deemed absolutely essential. The government assumed the cost of building defense plants, equipment, and tooling, which were then turned over to the private sector to manage and operate. >> The expansion in manufacturing output is depicted in THE Table, which shows indexes of output for some major industries during the period 1939-43. Taking base at 1939 as equal to 100, It can be seen, output generally increased at impressive rates throughout the 1940-43 period; only two largely civilian goods producing industries-clothing and printing/publishing--kept operating at their pre-1940 level.

Slide 58 (Umesh) The expansion in manufacturing output of aircrafts can be better understood in the graph shown.

Slide 59 (Umesh) Same for the explosives and ammunition production Slide 60 (Umesh) And ditto for the shipbuilding industry output. Slide 61 (Umesh) >> The accomplishments of the American economy in support of World War II mobilization efforts were nothing less than spectacular, going beyond what even the wildest of imaginations in the early 1940s could have possibly conceived.

>> The production of war materiel over the 1940-45 period was and remains unprecedented. >> Not only did the United States arm the allies, it helped feed them as well. >> Driven by military production, America's economy - for the first time exceeded the one trillion dollar level in 1942. By the war's end, America's GNP was roughly half of the global GNP. >> New products and industries were spurred by military production and needs, eg. synthetic rubber, commercial aviation, computers, and an emerging modern electronics industry. Slide 62 (DD) World War II was a war of logistics. It was a war of distances, advance bases, and was constrained by logistics. This was particularly true in the Pacific Theater for both Japan and us. Slide 63 (Mohit) Fleet Admiral Earnest Joseph King, in his reports to the Secretary of the Navy summed it up as follows: The war has been variously termed a war of production and a war of machines. Whatever else it is, so far as the United States is concerned, it is a war of logistics. The ways and means to supply and support our forces in all parts of the world have presented problems nothing short of colossal, and have required the most careful and intricate planning. It is no easy matter in a global war to have the right materials in the right place at the right times in the right quantities. Slide 64 (Mohit) >> As America prepared for war with its inexperienced marine volunteers, they had to reconfigure the force logistically at New Zealand for a practice of war. >> New Zealand had limited logistics capabilities. Its Aotoe Quay, a confined area could only take five ships at a time. Slide 65 (Mohit) To make matters worse, the dock workers went on strike and the rains came which were driven by cold persistent winds. Some food and clothing was lost due to being left unprotected in cardboard boxes that tended to disintegrate in such conditions.

No area proved more challenging for the US Army Quartermaster Corps than this campaign. Quartermasters generated supply and maintained a steady flow of goods across thousands of miles of ocean >> supplying 4 classes of items to Allied troops throughout the region aggressively. This effort was distinctly termed then, as a "new kind of war" all the while overcoming hurdles never before encountered. Slide 66 (Mohit) Proper storage, packaging & handling and also protection from the external elements while awaiting shipment to distant locations was a big big ask. Quartermasters knew their job would be infinitely difficult and the instances of loss, wastage and pilferage would be great. Yet they delivered. Slide 67 (Mohit) Success here, depended on many variables, including the type and size of units to be supplied ; How far they were from the base or resupply checkpoint ; Weather and terrain in the area ; Road conditions and transportation .. All factors were against them. The commanders priorities, and the tactical situation also had to be accounted for. Slide 68 (Mohit) Long lines of communication placed a heavy premium on reliable shipping. Quartermasters also had to compete for precious cargo space with other service branches. Shipping delays also led to more deterioration and mass spoilage. At the same time, long supply lines increased the chances of accidents and enemy interdiction. Slide 69 (DD) >> Perhaps more than anything else, environmental factors worked against QMG efforts. Excessive heat and humidity, long exposure to tropical sunlight and drenching rain storms all had a debilitating influence on supplies. Muddy ports, washed-out roads, mountains and dense jungles all severely hampered our distribution. >> As General MacArthurs successful "island-hopping" campaign unfolded, Quartermasters had to become increasingly adept at joint operations while learning to perfect the demanding procedures. >> The new tactic called for rapid logistical planning, tailored inventories, and quick development and movement of bases it meant -- functioning in a very unsettled environment where routine supply procedures had to make way for greater flexibility.

Slide 70 (Mohit) >> As the war in the Pacific was one of logistics for the United States, it was also a war of logistics for Japan. Japan was totally reliant on its sea lines of communication for the import of raw materials. >> The U.S. strategy therefore became one of stopping Japan's advance and then penetrating the interior lines of communication. >> How well the Theater logistics systems worked and whether there was an effective joint logistics system, to some degree lies the eye of the beholder. One broad interpretation is that the United States and its Allies won the war, therefore their logistics systems were effective. We will now emphasise on joint logistics through an examination of the: >> (a) Pre-World War II planning and early wartime situation in the Pacific. >> (b) Early logistics issues.

Slide 71 (Mohit) At the outset of World War II, the U.S. military was ill prepared logistically to support >> a two-ocean war. >> Potential scenarios for a war with Japan in the Pacific Theater had been gamed at the War Colleges, throughout the 1920s and 1930s As the international situation deteriorated in 1938 & 39, it became clear that the United States, in conjunction with Great Britain and France, might be called upon to fight a war on multiple fronts against Germany, Italy, and Japan. >> A series of plans were drafted which became known as RAINBOW Plans which included hemispheric defense, war against Japan, Germany and Italy >> In 1938, the Navy, commissioned a board to review the need for advanced bases in the event of war. The report of this board was to prove very useful in the actual establishment of advance bases.

Slide 72 (Mohit)

>> In the Pacific Theater, there were two major problems: getting there; and sustaining there. It involved great distances. >> The two most critical needs in this regard were shipping and advance bases. >> The requirements of U.S. Merchant shipping in World War II have been described as shown in the slide: (WAIT FOR FIVE SECONDS) >> By December 1941, it was discovered that the Navy was ill-prepared for this transportation role. Lack of any centralized control led to the establishment of the War Shipping Administration in February 1942, which placed control of all U.S. merchant shipping under a single authority.

Slide 73 (Mohit) Perhaps no other operation in the Pacific theater brought early logistics problems into greater focus than this campaign, particularly the issue of advanced bases, shipping problems and joint coordination. Most importantly, the battle for Guadalcanal was paid for dearly in blood and treasure. Iron Bottom Sound, Savo Island and Henderson Field still have a haunting ring, particularly in the Navy and Marine Corps circles. The name Guadalcanal is proudly emblazoned on the First Marine Division emblem. Guadalcanal was the crucible. For both the US and Japan, logistics was the critical element and the outcome came down to the United Statess ability to keep Guadalcanal resupplied and Japan's inability to do so. Slide 74 (Mohit) Army, Navy, or Marine Corps none of them -- had joint logistics support at the advance bases. Each Service had its own individual procedures. U.S. forces in the Guadalcanal area were under constant attack and resupply operations frequently had to be suspended. Army and Marine troops on Guadalcanal frequently subsisted on captured Japanese rations.

>> Naval planning and operations to date have demonstrated a definite lack of
appreciation of the logistic factor, and as a consequence, operations to date have lacked continuity for reasons of shortages of essential supplies. How unfortunate that man has LOUDLY refused to learn from his own mistakes.

Slide 75 (DD) >> The joint supply system had to be revisited by the end of 1942. This time the Army pushed for a unified supply system for all services. >> Admiral King issued a directive on March 8, 1943 titled Basic Logistical Plan for Command Areas Involving Joint Army and Navy Operations. The plan directed that logistics organizations for joint Army and Navy operations be brought under a Unified Command. >> From the beginning, plans for the development of Guadalcanal into a major air base called for the construction of four airfields in addition to Henderson. >> Concurrent with construction of the airfields was the erection of tank farms. Late in October 1942, work was begun by our 6th Battalion on three 250-barrel tanks for aviation gas at Henderson Field. >> When we landed on Guadalcanal, waterfront facilities were virtually non-existent. Unloading from ships to beaches was done by light landing-crafts, tank lighters, and pontoon barges. We cleared the jungles and constructed coconut-log ramps, enough to accommodate a truck. >> When the 6th Battalion was relieved of airfield construction, in the middle of November 1942, they got onto the very important task of road construction. At the peak of development, Guadalcanal had about 135 miles of roads with numerous bridges. >> Repair and storage facilities established on Guadalcanal were limited. By November 1943, one repair & overhaul unit had been operationalised to handle necessary repairs to aircrafts and ships. Also, makeshift depots were erected to ensure we got what we needed in quick time. Slide 76 (DD) Logistics for both the countries was stretched to the breaking point >> We got our hands on some diaries of Japanese officers and men which gave a >> poignant record of the privations and suffering experienced by them. >>

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Slide 78 Slide 79 Slide 80 Slide 81 Slide 82 Slide 83 Slide 84(Function F6 to mute) Slide 85 (Mohit) The Campaign, in its urgency, desperation, hair-thin margins between success and failure, and in its profound effects upon both the U.S. and the Japanese war efforts, may well rank as one of the most decisive campaigns of World history. >> The two sectors of the Navy which were quite inadequately developed on in the beginning of campaign were logistics and intelligence. The primary reason for this was that the senior logisticians had taken only a cursory interest in logistics in the years just before World War II. This occurred because in the daily peacetime Fleet operations, there were few really large difficult logistical problems demanding command decisions. Consequently, logistical matters were handled mainly by officers of the various other Staff corps. Hence, the command Logistics corps, lacked skill and experience in handling logistical matters on a large scale. Slide 86 (Mohit) >> Anticipation is key to good logistics. Just because the QMG branch anticipated and acted in the Operation Watchtower, the operation was a success. Being pro-active is the key for us as logisticians to support operations. >> Even canned foods, supposedly "non-perishable," suffered from high temperatures, corrosion, rusting and puncturing due to rough handling. In guadalcanal, for instance, in late 1942, one observer reported seeing what amounted to "shiploads" of goods totally wasted, useless; and "over 100,000 cans of spoiled products" in a single dump. Quartermasters tried to mitigate losses through adoption of various field expedients. Tarpaulins and poles were often used to create >> "portable warehouses" and "paulin oases," as they were called. They also used local materials such as and

constructed thatched roof warehouses modelled upon native huts known as "bures." Thus, the importance of correct manner of storing and also of correct amount and quantities of storage must be adequately understood by us. >> The problem of getting food and rations into the hands of front line troops was always difficult. The theatre lacked the necessary land-based and sea-based refrigerators to ensure a steady supply of fresh meats, produce and dairy products. There is a lot to be learnt as to how the QMG managed to ably distribute the beans, bullets and bandages at the right time to the right man in the right quantity. >> The importance of correct and efficient classification and codification of inventory has already been seen in the presentation. No supply organisation in the world can work efficiently unless an effective codification system is in place. The requirement of identifying the right item to distribute and to buy is of utmost importance. The 28 th LL&MC have already done an exhaustive project study on Inventory Codification last year which was very well appreciated by all the top brasses who got a chance to understand it. Unfortunately, the project study has continued to be merely a project study only and has not seen the daylight of implementation. >> Back in the United States, the Office of the Quartermaster Generals research and development (R&D) agency came up with more resilient and durable packaging called The new V-Boxes. These were moisture proof unlike the wooden boxes, were relatively durable, easier to handle and saved space. Quartermaster R&D specialists also produced sturdy moisture- and insect-resistant paper sacks for all kinds of food packaging. These innovations helped alleviate food losses in-theatre. They also came up with much improved C-Rations; lightweight "jungle rations" called KRations, high-energy D-Rations; and Assault Rations tailor-made for amphibious warfare. These helped ease the storage and distribution burden, while providing commanders with increased flexibility. Slide 87 (Mohit) >> One of the most decisive factors in carving American victory in the campaign was the US advantage of Advanced Operating Bases. The ships which suffered damage at the war front were repaired at the nearest available AOB instead of sending them all the way back home unlike the Japanese. AOBs were also used for quick replenishment of required stores from the makeshift depots which were setup there by the Americans. Hightime, we laid some serious thought for this facility for the Indian Navy. >> With transparency and TAV, wastages could be reduced to a minimum and only the required quantities of the required stores could be transported at the required place.

Another must if we are thinking of operating far away from Indian Ocean region, for operations in the international waters. >> There must be a provision for fast track procedures to be followed in letter and spirit in the event of operations. Unlike the Quick Procurement Cell that exists today in the MOs which is anything but Quick. >> The importance of Jointness of efforts of the three services is utmost in todays scenario. Wars or any other operation today cannot be won on land, sea or air alone. The campaign study is one of the best examples of how joint efforts of the Allied Army, Navy, Marine corps and AirForce led to their decisive victory in the World War II. Slide 88 (DD) Before this campaign, Guadalcanal was an out-of-way tropical jungle island that hardly any had heard of. After these battles, Guadalcanal is known to be among the bloodiest in the war across Pacific. Admiral Morison said, I Quote, >> "For us who were there, Guadalcanal is not a name but an emotion, recalling desperate fights in the air, furious night naval battles, frantic work at supply or construction, savage fighting in the sodden jungles, nights broken by screaming bombs and deafening explosions of naval shells." Unquote. Slide 89 (Rath) We have finished and would like to take on any questions that the audience might have.