Result ; Part A : Filter paper mass Filter paper + polymer mass Polymer mass Part B : Filter paper mass

Filter paper + polymer mass Polymer mass Calculations ; Part A : Volume of 1,2-dichloroethane Density of 1,2-dichloroethane = 10 ml = 1.173 g/ml = 11.73 g Mass weight of 1,2-dichloroethane = 98.928 g/mole 98.928 g = 0.12 mole Mass theory of polymer produce Mass of polymer in experiment Mass of sulphur in polymer = (0.12 mole)(28.06) = 3.3672 g = 7.6450 g = (7.6450-3.3672)g = 4.2778 g # Number of mole for sulphur = 4.2778 g 32.070 g/mole = 0.133 mole # Number of mole for 1,2-dichloroethane = 11.73 g : 0.3655 g : 6.5808 g : 6.9463 g : 0.3644 g : 8.0094 g : 7.6450 g

Mass of dichloroethane that have been used = 1.173 g/ml x 10 ml

Ratio for 1,2-dichloroethane/sulphur

= 0.12 0.133 = 0.90

Part B : Mass of polymer in experiment Mass of sulphur in polymer = 7.1420 g = (7.1420 3.3672) = 3.7748 g # Number of mole for sulphur = 3.7748 g 32.070 g/mole = 0.12 mole Ratio of 1,2-dichloroethane/ sulphur = 0.12 0.12 = 1.0 Discussions ; Polysulphide rubber can be prepared through the condensation method which involves an alkyl halide monomer with the sodium polysulphide solution. The general equation is as follows : XRCl2 + xNa2Sy --(--R-Sy--)x-- + 2xNaCl

With Sy--- (y>2) is two or more sulphur that is its repeating units. When x is small,the polymer is somewhat hard whereas when x is large, the polymer is more to an elastomer. The main purpose of this experiment is to synhesis polysulfides rubbers by using a same method but different in mixture substances. For part A, only 1,2-dichloroethane being added in the mixture, otherwise part B two more chemical substances being added including 1,2-dichloroethane which is tetrabutilammonium hydroxide 40% and methylene dichloride. The adition of 1,2-dichloroethane was done after the sodium polysulphides was cooled to 70C. This is because the additio of 1,2-dichloroethane while the sodium polysulphide solution is still boiling, the evaporatiob of 1,2-

dichloroethane will occur since the boiling point of it is much lower than the boiling point of sodium polysulphide. By weighing both polymer that have been produces we can say that polymer in part A is more than part B. Both of product are yellow in colour and both show elastical properties. The gas that freed is acause of cancer, therefore the evaporation of the gas must be avoided. After 1,2-dichloroethane is added, the mixture is then reflixed again for another 45 minutes for the polymerzation process to occur. The polymer formed is then cleansed,dried and weighed. For both of procedure show that mass of sulphur in the polymer produce are lower than sulphur that been added at the early experiment step. It is because it was hard to add sulphur in quantitatives way. There will be still a few left at the apparatus when adding sulphur portion wise into hot solution. The polysulfides rubbers that have been produce are outstanding in oil and solvent resistance and in gas impermeability. They have good resistance to aging and ozone. On the other hand they have diagreeable odors,poor heat resisitance, poor abrasion resistance in fire treads and low tensile strenght. Most of their applications as rubbers depend on soluble resistance and low gas permeability. There a few advantages of polysulfides, there dimensional stability, loaccuracy, come in a number of differnt viscosity, long working time and long smell life. They also a few disadvantage of polysulphides such as lead oxides in base may have toxic effect, staining of clothes due to the lead oxide, messy to work with-unpleasant rubbery smell,can only be used in a special tray.