LIMES XIX

Proceedings of the XIXthInternational Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held in Pecs, Hungary, September 2003

A conference held under the auspices o f Ferenc Madl, president o f Republic Hungary and the Department o f Ancient History and Archaeology o f the University o f Pecs

Edited by

Zsolt Visy

University of Pecs 2005

Limes XIX

Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held in Pecs, Hungary, September 2003

Copyright 2005 by University of Pecs, Faculty of Humanities Department of Ancient History and Archaeology, Seminar of Archaeology Published by University of Pecs Szanto Kovacs Janos u. 2/b, H-7633 Pecs www.pte.hu Editor: Zsolt Visy Technical redaction: Andrea Loki, Andras Balogh All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the University of Pecs. Authors take responsibility for content o f their study. ISBN 963 642 053 X This volume is published by supporting of Ministry of Cultural Heritage and National Cultural Fund.

m i n i s t r y O F c u l t u r a l HERITAGE

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2005 University of Pecs

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF PANNONIAN AUXILIARY UNITS - THE RELIGIOUS INSCRIPTIONS OF THE ALAE Adam Szab6

Investigations into the religious life of the Roman army as a whole have already resulted in a number of important publications.1 The following article deals with religious characteristics that distinguish one type of unit from another - i.e., those of the legiones, cohortes, alae, and numeri. In this paper I put forward an effort to sum up the pieces of information pertaining to the alae stationed in Pannonia. Twenty-six alae from the Principate are known so far from Pannonia.2 177 of their inscriptions have survived until recent times, but one of these alae is only known from a tile stamp.3 The distribution of religious ones from among the aforementioned inscriptions is extremely heterogeneous. No religious inscription is known from fifteen of the above mentioned twenty-six alae [1, 2, 4, 9-14, 17-20, 22,
'See D omaszewski, A. v o n : Die Religion des romischen Heeres. Westdeutsche Zeitschrift fur Geschichte und Kunst XIV, 1895, 110-113 and B irley, E.: The Religion of the Roman Army: 1895-1977, ANRWII, XVI.2, 1978, 15061541; See also: H elgeland , J.: Roman Army Religion. ANRW II, XVI, 2,1978,1470-1505; R ichmond , I. A.: The Roman Army and Roman Religion. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 45. Manchester, 1963,185-197. 2 On the histoiy of the auxiliary units see: C heesman , G. L.: The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army. Oxford, 1914; see also: B huley, E.: Alae and cohortes milliariae. In: Corolla memoriae Erich Swoboda dedicata. Romische Forschungen in Niederosterreich V, 1966, 54-67; On the units in the Danube Region see: W agner , W.: Die Dislokation der romischen Auxiliarformationen in den Provinzen Noricum, Pannonien, Moesien und Dakien von Augustus bis Gallienus. Wien, 1938; In Pannonia: L S rincz , B.: Die romischen Hilfstruppen in Pannonien wahrend der Prinzipatszeit. Wien, 2001; On the forts o f the auxiliaries along the ripa see: Id. Der romische Limes in Ostexreich. Ein Fiihrer. Wien 19892; V isy, Zs.: The Ripa Pannonica in Hungary. Budapest, 2003; E adie , J. W.: The Development o f the Pannonian Frontier south o f the Drava. In: Frrz, J. (Hrsg.): Limes. Akten des XI. Intemationalen Limeskongresses. Budapest, 1977, 209-; See furthermore: KovAcs, P.: Vicus es castellum kapcsolata az alsopannoniai limes menten. Piliscsaba, 1999, p. 47-54; An overview of the alae: see: K raft , K.: Zur Rekrutierung der Alen und Kohorten an Rhein und Donau. Bern, 1951. 3 The complete catalogue of the inscriptions can be found in LOrincz 2001, p. 153-306, II. Epigraphische Zeugnisse der Alen, p. 173-224, Kat Nr. *51-*218; cf. also B eszedes, J. - M rAv , Zs. - Trim, E.: Die Steindenkmaler von Bolcske. Inschriften und Skulpturen. Katalog. In: S zab 6, A. - Trim, E. (Hsrg.): Bolcske, Romische Inschriften und Funde. Bp., 2003.

25]. Considering the remaining eleven units, the number of religious inscriptions varies between one and twenty-one per ala. Altogether, the Pannonian alae have forty-four surviving inscriptions with a religious subject. Even if general conclusions cannot be drawn based on this source material, it still allows us to notice certain common characteristics. From our point of view, the most important units of the above discussed ones are the ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum and the ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria with eight [6.1-8], and twenty-one [23.121] surviving inscriptions, respectively. The majority of these religious inscriptions can be found on altar stones. However, the surviving ones also include some votive inscriptions, together with one that was written on a figurine and another one that was found on a statue base. We have no information on religious inscriptions found on bases of emperors statue or building inscriptions of temples or other sanctuaries, as opposed to the case of inscriptions of the cohortes and, of course, of the legions. Naturally, there were also temples in the forts of the alae.4 However, one can deduce several pieces of information on the basis of the status of those dedicating the inscription. Three groups can be established based on who erected the religious inscriptions: the lower ranking officers, the praefectus, and the unit as a whole. The altars set up by these groups carry indications of the official reason for their erection, and as such they are mostly salutary inscriptions set up for the well-being of the emperor. These inscriptions are usually dedicated to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, although occasionally other gods may also appear on them. There is a single example of the provincial governor dedicating an altar to all the gods and goddesses for the well being of the emperor, and this was accomplished for him by the unit commander and his soldiers. This particular inscription dates to between 197 and 199 AD. The inscriptions dedicated by the veterans provide information on private religion, and thus they have no or only limited relevance to the religious practice within the military units per se.5 With only three exceptions [5.2, 15.1, 21.1], the veterans that had the aforementioned altars erected were all formerly low4 Cf. the overview by F ellmann , R.: Principia - Stabsgebaude. Kleine Schriften zur Kenntnis der romischen Besetzungsgeschichte Siidwestdeutschlands, Nr. 31, and pp. 17-18. 5 Cf. also: von D omaszewski 1895,28.

457

Adam Szabo

ranking officers. Two of the other three were already Roman citizens during their military service, while the third received the citizenship following his retirement. The gods that the above mentioned lower ranking officers worshipped were: Deus Invictus Mithras [by an ex duplicario, 7.1]; I. 0. M. [by an ex decurione, 23.1]; Liber Pater Augustus [23.3]; Deus Sol Invictus [23.8]; Silvanae Augustae [by an ex statore, 23.5]; and finally I. 0. M. Dolichenus [23.10]. Apart from the local goddesses Silvanae the others were worshipped as a part of the official cults, and thus they quite frequently appeared in the religious practice of the army in general. Therefore it seems quite obvious that the armys religious practice had a strong influence on that of the lower ranking officers. Before 212 AD, a part of the soldiers serving in the alae were not Roman citizens. From the viewpoint of religious practice this is an important phenomenon since those that did not have Roman citizenship were not allowed officially to dedicate6 altars within the territory of their fort. The holder of the right to permit dedication throughout the province was the governor with the imperium; however, he had the liberty to confer this right to the highest ranking officer of the actual unit in the locality. This was especially important in the case of units whose soldiers were peregrini? In the second decade of the third century AD the rules changed due to the generalisation of the citizenship law. It is difficult to determine how this process unfolded in the alae. The regulations that applied to the peregrine soldiers were not generally applicable for all soldiers of the ala. Of the known twenty-six alae eight were civium Romanorum, whose soldiers naturally had the right to dedicate altars. Six of the eleven alae whose surviving inscriptions we know of were alae civium Romanorum [3; 5; 6; 7; 8; 21]. The known dedications date to various years of the second and third centuries AD. They were set up by praefecti [3.1; 7.2; 8.1-2, 5], decuriones [5.1; 6.5], sesquiplicarii, duplicarii [6.5], statores [6.1-4, 6.6], and certain units as a whole [6.7-8; 8.3-4]. From the same period, the known examples for dedicators performing active service in the alae consisting of peregrini are the following: several praefecti [23.4, 6, 20] and decuriones [16.1; 23.2; 24.1; 26.1], a duplicarius8 [16.1], an actarius [23.7], a signifer [23.9], an eques alae instantem coloniits) [23.17]. Furthermore, in a number of cases we find whole units [23.11-15; 18, 19, 21] as dedicators, and lastly,
6 On dedication in general see W issowa , G.: Religion und Kultus der Romer. Munchen, 19122, p. 385, 394, 473; and W issowa , G.: Dedicatio. In: Realencyclopadie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE) IV. Stuttgart, p. 2356 ff.; Cf. also: B erger, A.: Encyclopedic dictionary o f Roman law. A. Ph. S., Vol. 43/2. Philadelphia, 1953, p. 427. 7 See: von D omaszewski 1895, 110-113. 8 Cf.. S ander, E.: Z ut Rangordnung des rSmischen Heeres: der Duplicarius. Historia 8,1959,239-247.

there is a single occurrence of a vexillation of a unit [15.2]. In one case the dedicator of an altar was a consularis curante praefecto [23.16]. The few pieces of information and the broad range of possible dates of dedication do not allow distinctions to be made between the two types of alae of different legal status in the period before 212 AD. We practically find people of similar ranks and positions among the dedicators in both cases, therefore we can treat them as one group thereinafter. The altars that the commanders caused to be erected do not need any further explanation.9 Of the lower ranking officers serving in the alae, the decuriones [5.1, 6.4, 16.1, 23.2, 24.1,26.1], duplicarii [6.5, 16.1], sesquiplicarii [6.5], statores [6.1-4, 6.6,23.9,] a signifer [23.9], and an actarius [23.7] certainly erected their altars in the temple of their fort. Among the surviving inscriptions dedicated by the lower and higher ranking officers of the alae, and by the whole units themselves, an altar dedicated by a ordinary cavalryman still in service1 0 in the first half of the third century AD is unique. He erected his altar dedicated to I. O. M. because he successfully kept his vow [23.17], but he had to have the alter set up by a Roman citizen. The way the cavalryman Sept(imius) Fabinu(s) achieved his goal may indicate that he had no right to erect an altar in his own name. He could only redeem his oath in the temple of the fort through the help of a Roman citizen. This action would date the altar earlier than 212 AD. Because of the altars unique characteristics, it seems likely that the cavalryman dedicated it for personal reasons. Therefore it seems that the person responsible for the religious affairs within each ala was likely to have been one of the lower ranking officers such as the one who formally, dedicated the altar discussed above. Excluding those noted on group dedications, the active lower ranking officers erecting any type of inscribed monument, as an individual but not for private reasons, were: decuriones [5.1; 23.2], statores [6.1,2,3,4,6], actarius [23.7], signifer [23.9]. These inscriptions show some peculiar characteristics. Only inscriptions from two units are represented among them in statistically significant numbers, and rather naturally these are the two units to which most of the surviving inscriptions belong. The low ranking officer responsible for the religious affairs of the ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum [6], which was one of the above mentioned two units, is likely to have been either the stator or the stator praefecti alae. Three of the five remaining altars of the above mentioned ala were dated to 174,212 and 233 AD by the names of the consuls. The consular,
9 Cf. B ir l e y 1978, 1510 f., treats both forms of dedication, namely, when the governor appears in the nominative case in the inscription, and when the military unit indicates who their commander was when the altar was erected. 10 Cf. K emkes, M. - S cheuerbrandt , I.: ZwischenPatrouille und Parade. Die romische Reiterei am Limes. Schriften des Limesmusewns Aalen 51. Stuttgart, 1997.

458

Contributions to the Religious Life o f Pannonian Auxiliary Units

aside from their dedication to confirms the official nature of these monuments. In the case of the other of the aforementioned two units, the ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria [23], three low ranking officers of different ranks dedicated altars: a decurioy an actarius and a signifer. In another case, it was a decurio of the ala I Brittonum civium Romanorum. Such altars involving only citizens erected following 212 AD cannot be distinguished from earlier ones. The lack of a consistent delegation to a specific officer can be provisionally explained by the assumption that the task of dedication was assigned to whichever officer was responsible for the religious affairs of that unit at that time. However, the case of the ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum indicates that in certain cases officers having the same rank - statores1 1- could continuously hold the position for an extended period. As the surviving inscriptions show, the most common reason for erecting an altar was the fulfilment of a pledge. A number of other altars were dedicated for the well-being of the emperor; however, it has to be noted that all the known examples for them belong to the ala I Thracum veterana [23.11, 12, 14, 16]. Another explicit reason to dedicate an altar as a donation, but in many cases the relevant part of the inscription only mentions the fact that the altar was consecrated or erected by someone without giving any particular reason: for example, praefectus - sacravit [8.2]; a whole unit - posuerunt [15.2]; in one case the praefectus and his family dedicated a plinth to Mars Victor - dono posuerunt [7.2]. The nature of the god to whom the altar was dedicated and the fact that the praefectus appears on the inscription as the donator make it probable that the altar stood in the temple of the garrison. All the rest of the surviving altars were set up for private reasons. In addition to the frequent v. s. /. m. other formulae also appear: pro se et suis, ob natalem filii , pro salute sua et suorum, and pro se et coniuge et filia. In the case of two units several low ranking officers of various ranks acting as a group dedicated altars to Iuppiter Dolichenus in the second half of the third century AD [6.5; 16.1]. The collective actions of these officers not only indicate that they all worshipped Iuppiter Dolichenus, but their repeated actions confirm the important role of this god in the religious life in the garrisons.1 2 The majority of the other low-ranking officers dedicated their altars to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, but there is-an example offered to Hercules Augustus [5.1] and another to Silvanus Domesticus [23.7]. Both of the latter two altars could have been erected for official reasons. Among the gods to whom the veterans dedicated altars were Deus Invictus Mithras [7.1],
1 1 Cf. KCbler, B.: Statores. In: RE HI A, p. 2228 ff. and R.: A commentariis und commentariensis. In: L e B ohec, Y. (H rsg.): La hi^rarchie de l armee romaine sous le Haut-Empire. Paris, 1995, p. 275,54 j. 12 Cf. the overview:. S peidel, M. P.: The Religion of Iuppiter Dolichenus in the Roman Army. Leiden, 1978.
H aensch ,

Deus Sol Invictus [23.8], Iuppiter Dolichenus [23.10]1 3 , Silvanae [23.5]1 4 , and Liber Pater [23.3], for they were the gods who patronised retired soldiers. However, Iuppiter Optimus Maximus was even more popular among the veterans. The inscriptions erected by veterans are in minority when compared with the total number of surviving relevant inscriptions. Of the forty-four remaining monuments only nine were dedicated by veterans. Since these altars definitely cannot be regarded as having been erected for official reasons, they cannot be taken into consideration when discussing the religious life of the garrisons. However, all the veterans in question are former low ranking officers, just as were those soldiers who performed religious tasks during their active service. Another important group of soldiers dedicating altars was the unit commanders. We know of eight inscriptions by commanders of various troops from the aforementioned period [3.1; 7. 2; 8.1, 2, 5; 23.4, 6, 20]. One of these altars was dedicated to Aesculapius and Hygieia, which means that - besides his own health - the commander may have had it erected for the health and well-being of his soldiers, too. A praefectus from Emona1 5 dedicated an altar to Aecoma Augusta, that is, to one of his native goddesses [3.1]. Similarly, an altar by another member of the aforementioned group of commanders, a praefectus mactari, was dedicated to Apollo Patrius Augustus, a god native to the dedicators homeland [23.4]. With one rather ambiguous exception, the rest of the eight altars erected by commanders belong to examples of official military religion. Other commanders dedicated their altars either to Diana [8.1, 2, 5] or to I. O. M [23.20]. Especially interesting are the three altars dedicated by various commanders of the ala I Ulpia contariorum milliaria civium Romanorum [8] during a very long period of time. The earliest of the three altars dates to the reign of Trajan [8.1], while the latter two were erected between 130-132 AD [8.2] and in the third century AD [8.5], respectively, by the then praefecti of the ala. Each of the three altars in question were dedicated to Diana by the then commanding praefectus. That the three dedications by three different commanders of the same unit are identical can by no means be accidental. There is a tangible, but not well specifiable correlation between the worship of Diana and the religion practised within the garrison by the unit and its commanders. All along the above mentioned more than 100 years the ala I Ulpia contariorum milliaria
1 3 S zab 6, A.: Die Dolichenus-Basis. In: Bolcske, p. 229236; The published inscription of the altar (see also ibidem, p. 130-131; Kat. Nr. 21) lines 9-10 v. s. I. \ m. I hereby propose an emendation to his solution of the abbreviation (p. 230-231): v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) \ m(erito). 14 See also S zab 6 ibidem, p. 232-233 with a modified reading of the inscription. 15 S a Sel , J.: Opera Selecta. Situla 30,1992, p. 451.

459

Adam Szabo

civium Romanorum was stationed in Arrabona. The goddess Diana, often associated with Silvanus, a god especially worshipped by the local native population, may have been included into the official religious practice of the garrison as the protecting deity of the region.1 6 Apart from the above discussed altars, we also know of an altar dedicated to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus [23.20] and a plinth of a Mars Victor statue [7.2], both of them by unit commanders. The first of the two may have been made for official reasons. The commander donating the Mars Victor statue dedicated it together with his family. However, in this particular case it cannot be excluded that the statue was made to stand in the garrisons temple. Altars erected by governors acting through commanders of units, for example, [23.16], exemplify the delegacy of the right of dedication as previously discussed by A. v o n D o m a s z e w s k i .17 Having examined the above pieces of information it can be concluded that the praefecti were underrepresented among the officers carrying out religious duties. This may indicate that the commanding officers role in the religious life of the garrisons of the alae was not as significant as that of the low ranking officers; however, it cannot be questioned that the commander was among the dedicators when an altar was erected in the name of a whole unit. The commanders could be the initiators of the erection of certain altars, as their name is mentioned in the larger part of the inscriptions.1 8 As already been mentioned, the units them selves were even more significant agents of the dedication of altars. These inscriptions also name their commander. Thirteen of the forty-four religious monuments treated here were dedicated by whole units, including the altar that was erected by a vexillation of the ala I Augusta Ituraeorum sagittaria1 9 in Rome in 193 AD [15.2]. They dedicated the altar to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus Heliopolitanus. Apart from this latter example, I have not found any altars whose inscriptions mention a deity that had any relationship to the ethnicity of the dedicating unit.20 Returning to the altars dedicated by whole units, it can be said that with three exceptions, the units dedicated all of them to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus. One of the three exceptions was the aforementioned altar to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus Heliopolitanus;
16 See also: B irley 1978,1535-1536. 17 von D omaszewski 1895, p. 110-111. 1 8 On the role of the officers in the garrisons religious practice cf. S toll , O.: Offizier und Gentleman. Der romische Offizier als Kultfunktionar. Klio 80, 1998, 1, 134-162. 19 On the vexillations see. S axer, R.: Untersuchungen zu den Vexillationen des romischen Kaiserheeres von Augustus bis Diocletian. Koln-Graz, 1967. 20 This phenomenon is also noteworthy to appear with cohorts, but it is not present in such a great scale as it would be expectable, and it occurs only in the case of certain oriental troops, cf. e.g. B irley 1978,1516-1517.

the second of the three was dedicated to all the gods and goddesses [8.3], and the third is fragmentary to the degree that the name of the deity is unreadable [23.11], It would not be surprising if the latter were also dedicated to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus. Of the thirteen altars set up by whole units four were dedicated to the well-being of the emperor, and one piece is fragmented, and this renders the cause of its dedication unknown. The other altars manifest the stereotypical votum solverunt libentes merito formula, which merely indicates that the motive for setting up the altar was the redemption of an oath. Again it has to be emphasised that the altars for the well-being of the emperor all belong to the ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria, a unit once stationed in Campona [23], and that indications of the emperors cult are only attested on the surviving altars of this ala. Moreover, it must be noted that this unit has by far the largest number of surviving inscribed monuments (33 inscriptions altogether, of which 21 have religious subject). The cause of this peculiarly high rate of survival is that the larger part (13) of the altars were built into the wall of the fortified port found in the Danubes riverbed near the present-day village of Bolcske (Tolna County, Hungary). They had obviously been collected from a single location in Campona before being carried away to be reused as building material. Apart from the Iuppiter Dolichenus plinth, the other twelve are likely to have stood in the garrisons temple. Eleven of these were offered to Iuppiter Optimus Maximus, while the twelfth was addressed to all the gods and goddesses. In conclusion, as far as the evidence goes, it seems that the religious practice of the alae was largely focused on Iuppiter Optimus Maximus.2 1 This phenomenon appears to be in contrast with the colourful picture of various deities appearing in the religious practice of other types of military unit. Finally, considering the surviving inscriptions by the whole army in Pannonia, or even that by the auxiliary units in general, the alae have the poorest material. It even lacks some of the types of inscriptions known in the case of other units. The cause of this phenomenon can only be discovered through the analysis of the inscriptions of all the alae of the Roman Empire, and this has yet to done.

21 von D omaszewski too,

has noticeded this phenomenon in connection with the altars by whole auxiliary units, 1895, 27 f. E. B irley agreed with his observations: 1978,1510.

460

Contributions to the Religious Life o f Pannonian Auxiliary Units

Nr. 1. 2. 3. Nr./ Unit snr. 0 0 1 ala Asturum I I ala I Bosporanorum D edicator
X

D ating T^pe of inscription (AD)

X X

Deity
X

Cause of the dedication

X

L iterature Lorincz Rat. Nr. *51 - *53 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *54 Lorincz Kat. Nr. 59; A t , 1980:496 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *67 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *68;CIL, III, 3305; R1U, 1025 Lorincz Kat. Nr. 69; All, 1960:15; RIU, 1034 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. *74; AE, 1972:442 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *75; AE, 1972:444 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. *76; AE, 1972:443 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *78; A&, 1973:438 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *79;A E , 1966:292; AE, 1972: 446 f. Lorincz Kat. Nr. *80; AE, 1988:448 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *81; AE, 1988: 936 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *83; Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 88; AE, 1912:129; ILJ, 3015 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 89;C IL,III, 10256 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 92;C IL ,III, 4360; RIU 241 Lorincz Kat. Nr. 95; CIL, III, 4362; RIU, 243 Lorincz Kat. Nr. 102; CIL, 111,4359; RIU, 244 Lorincz Kat. Nr. 103; A t , 1908:45; RIU, 246 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 110; CIL, III, 4361; RIU 242 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 121 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *122 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *123-*128 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 129-132 Lorincz Kat. Nr. 133 -137 Lorincz Kat. Nr. *138-*139 Lfirincz Kat. Nr. 149; CIL, III, 3446 Lorincz K at Nr. 150; CIL, VI, 421; ILS, 2546
Lfirincz Kat. Nr. *158; CIL, III, 3252=10241

Total num ber of inscriptions by the unit 3 inscriptions 1 tile stamp 12 inscriptions

ata I Flavia Augusta Britannica militaria praefectus civium Romanorum bis alae torquata ob virtutem ala I Britannica civium Romanorum ala IB ritto n u m civium Romanorum ala I Brittonum civium Romanorum ata I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum ala I Cannanefatium civium Romanorum
X

votive inscription

around 107

Aecorna Augusta

4.

0 1

1 inscription

decurio alae veteranus alae stator alae stator praefecti alae stator praefecti alae stator praefecti alae decuriones duplicarii sesquipli carii alae stator praefecti alae the unit the unit

altar

120-150

Hercules Augustus I. O. M.

v. s. 1. m. pro salute sua et suorum v. s. 1 . m. v. s. 1. m.

5. 2 altar 120-150

2 inscriptions

1 2 3 4 6. 5

altar altar altar altar

174 212 233 238-244

I. O. M.

I. 0. M., luno Regina v. s. 1. m. 1.0 . M. I. 0. M. v. s. 1. m. v. s. 1. m.

14 inscriptions

altar

200250

1.O. M. Dolichenus I. 0. M. Augustus I. 0 . M. 1.0 . M. Deus Invictus Mithras

v. s. 1 . m.

6 7 8

altar altar altar

3rd century
^ a d ^ rd

v, s. 1. m. v. s. 1. m. [-? ]

century 2oi-3,i century around 200 ,

1
7.

1 2 3 4 5 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15. 2 1.

1

duplicarius -veteranus ala I civium ex Romanorum duplicario alae praefectus alae ata I civium Romanorum and his family ala I Ulpia contariorum praefectus milliarta civium alae Romanorum ala I Ulpia contariorum praefectus milliarta civium alae Romanorum a la l Ulpia contariorum the unit milliarta civium Romanorum ala I Ulpia contariorum the unit miUiaria civium Romanorum ala I Ulpia contariorum praefectus milliaria civium alae Romanorum a l a l Flavia X Gaetulorum ala Gemelliana ala Hispanorum I ala I Hispanorum Arvacorum ala I I Hispanorum Arvacorum ala I Hispanorum Auriana a l a l Augusta Ituraeorum sagittaria ala I Augusta Ituraeorum sagittaria ala Pannoniorum
X

altar

v. s. 1. m.

9 inscriptions

statue base

around 200 Trajanic period 130-132 150-200 150-200

dono Mars Victor posuerunt Diana Diana

altar altar altar altar altar

X

sacravit

8 .

Dii Deaeque [ - ? ] 1.0 . M. Diana

X

27 inscriptions

3ri
century?
X

2 inscriptions 1 inscription 6 inscriptions 4 inscriptions 5 inscriptions 2 inscriptions

veteranus alae

altar

200-220 around 193

around

I. 0. M. I. 0 . M. Heliopolitanus 1.0. M.
Dolichenus

v. s. 1. m. posuerunt

10 inscriptions

a vexi 1 1at ion altar of the unit decurio alae statue o f a et duplicarius bull alae

200

p rose

8 inscriptions

461

Adam Szabo
17. 0 ala I Pannoniorum Tampiana aia I I Pannoniorum
X X X X X

18.

Ldrincz Kat. Nr. 159 -160 Ldrincz Kat. Nr. 161 L5rin.cz Kat. Nr. 162-163 L5rincz Kat. Nr. 164 -167

2 inscriptions

1 inscription

19. 20. 21. 22.

0 0 1 0

ala I praetoria singularium civium Romanorum ala Scubulorum aia Siliana bis torquata bis armillata civium Romanorum a i a l Thracum Herculiana

2 inscriptions 3 inscriptions

veteranus alae
X

altar
X

around 100
X

[-? ]
X

v. s. 1. m.
X

L5rincz 4 inscriptions Kat. Nr. *168; R1U 1035 Ldrincz .. Kat. Nr. 172 Ldrincz KaLNr. 177;AE, 1971: 350 Ldrincz KaLNr. I7S;ClL,in, 10369 Ldrincz KaLNr. 179; OIL. m . 3465 = 10432 Ldrincz KaLNr. 182; CIL, VIII, 619 = 11780; ILS, 2747; Dob6 Nr. 535. LSrincz KaLNr. 186; CIL, HI, 3393 Ldrincz KaLNr. 187; CIL, m , 3388 Ldrincz KaLNr. 188; CIL,m, 3392 Ldrincz KaLNr. 189 Bdlcske KaLNr. 20 BOtcske KaLNr. 21 Bdlcske Kat Nr. 22 Bdlcske KaLNr. 23 Bdlcske Kat Nr. 24 Bdlcske KaLNr. 25 Bdlcske Kat Nr. 26 Bdlcske KaLNr. 27 Bdlcske Kat Nr. 28 Bdlcske Kat Nr. 29 Bdlcske KaLNr. 30 Bdlcske Kat Nr. 31 Bdlcske KaLNr. 32 Ldrincz Kat Nr. 194; E J 339 Ldrincz Kat N r 19 6 -2 0 8 Ldrincz Kat Nr. *215; 2 inscriptions 33 inscriptions I inscriptions

decurio 1 ala I Thracam veterana sagittaria veteranus ex decurione alae decurio aiae decurio 3 a ia l Thracum veterana sagittaria ex decurione alae praefectus alae stator 5 ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria aia I Thracum veterana sagittaria a ia l Thracum veterana sagittaria a ia l Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala 1 Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala 1 Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria aia I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria ala I Thracum victrix veteranus (ex statore) alae praefectus aiae actarius aiae decurio S 23. veteranus ex decurione signifer alae stator 10 veteranus alae ex statore the unit the unit the unit the unit the unit consularis curante praefecto eques alae instantem cotonfus) the unit the unit praefectus equitum alae the unit base 225 L O .M Dolichenus [-? ] L O .M L O .M LO. M. I. O .M Dii deeequc v. s. 1. m. pro salute Impp. Caess. pro salute Impp. Coafj.
X

altar

Hadrianic period

I. O. M.

v. s. 1. m.

ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria

altar

mid^*1 century 2nd century

LO. M.

v. s. I. m. - ob natalem filii

altar

Liber Pater Augustus

posuit

ala I Thracum veterana sagittaria

votive inscription

around 180

Apollo Patrius Augustus

[-? ]

votive .inscription votive inscription altar

222-235

Silvanae Augustae Aesculapius et Hygieia Silvanus Domesticus Deus Sol Invictus 1.0 . M.

222-235

200-250

v, s. 1. m.

altar

200-250

v. s. 1. m.

altar

200-250

v. s. 1. m.

It
12 13 14 15 16

altar altar altar altar altar altar

198-208 after 211 150-250 197-199 197-199 197-199

pro sal. imp. pro sal. imperatarum pro sal. impp. v. s. 1. m. v, s. 1. m. v. s, I. m. v. s. 1. m. vs s. 1. m. pro se et coniuge et filia. v, s. 1. m.
X

17 18 19 20 21

altar altar altar altar altar

200-250 150-230 150-230 150-230 150-230 around 200

L O .M . I. O.M. [-7 ] LO.M . L O .M . I. O .M Depulsor

24.

decurio alae

altar

25.

ala III Augusta Thracum sagittaria a ia l Tungrorum Frontoniana

13 inscriptions

26.

decurio alae

altar

late 1" oentuty

L O .M .

p m se et suis. v. s. 1. m.

9 inscriptions

462