A zigzag transformer (aka Dave Hudson) is a special purpose transformer with a zigzag or [1] 'interconnected star' winding connection.

Its applications are for the derivation of a neutral connection from an ungrounded 3-phase phase system and the grounding gr of that neutral to an earth reference point and harmonics mitigation. It can cancel triplet (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, etc.) harmoniccurrents, currents,[2] to supply 3-phase [3] power as an autotransformer (serving as the primary and secondary with no isolated circuits), and to [4] supply non-standard phase-shifted shifted 3-phase power.

9-winding zigzag transformer

Nine-winding three-phase phase transformers, typically having six identical secondary windings, win can be used in [5] zigzag winding connection as pictured. As with the conventional delta or wye winding configuration three-phase transformer, a standard stand-alone stand alone transformer containing only six windings on three cores can also be used in zigzag winding connection, such transformer sometimes being bein [4] referred to as a zigzag bank. In all cases, six or nine winding, the first coil on each zigzag winding core is connected contrariwise to the second c coil oil on the next core. The second coils are then all tied together to form the neutral and the phases are connected to the primary coils. Each phase, therefore, couples with each other phase and the voltages cancel out. As such, there would be negligible current cu through the [6] neutral point, which can be tied to ground. Each of the three "limbs" are split into two sections. The two halves of each limb have the equal number of turns rns and they're wound in opposite directions. With the neutral grounded, during a phase to ground short fault, a third of current returns to the fault current and the remainder must go through two of the [7] three phases when used to derive a grounding point from f a delta source. If one phase, or more, faults to earth, the voltage applied to each phase of the transformer is no longer in balance; fluxes in the windings no longer oppose. o (Using symmetrical components, components this is Ia0 = Ib0 = Ic0.) Zero sequence (earth fault) current exists between the transformers neutral to the faulting phase. The purpose of a zigzag transformer in this application is to provide a return path for earth faults on deltadelta connected systems. With negligible current in the neutral under normal conditions,undersized transformer maybe used; a short time rating is applied (i.e., the transformer can only carry full rated current for, say, 60 s). Impedance should not be too low for desired fault current. Impedance can be added a after the [8] secondaries are summed (the 3Io path). An application example : A combination of Y (wye or star), delta, and zigzag windings may [citation needed] be used to achieve a vector phase shift. shift For example , an electrical network may have a transmission network of 110 kV/33 kV star/star transformers, with 33 kV/11 kV delta/star for the high voltage oltage distribution network. If a transformation is required directly between the 110 kV/11 kV network an option is to use a 110 kV/11 kV star/delta transformer. The problem is that the 11 kV delta no longer has an earth reference point. Installing a zigzag zigzag transformer near the secondary side of the 110 kV/11 kV transformer provides the required earth reference point
[according to whom?]