Mathematical Computation

September 2013, Volume 2, Issue 3, PP.48-56

The Prime Number Formula and the Proof of

Prime Conjecture
Shangyue Yang
School of Mathematics and Physics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266000, China
#Email: tianxia1108@126.com

Abstract
The first part of this paper gives some definitions of prime number, the second part gives the general formula of the prime number,
the third part gives the proof of the twin primes conjecture, the fourth part gives the proof of Goldbach's Conjecture, the fifth part
gives the ways to look for the prime number which meet the Goldbach's conjecture, the finally part gives a simple analysis for the
Mersenne primes conjecture and the conjecture of prime number which meet the form of X 2 1 .
Keywords: Prime Number; Prime Number Formula; Twin prime Conjecture; Goldbach's Conjecture

266000

X 2 1

1 1

P P 2 P

. X 2 1

n n n n

N
n a1 , a2 ,
{a1 , a2 ,

, an

n 2 a1m a2 m
1

an m M , n 1 m1 m2
n

, an } n 1 k (k 2) a1 , a2 ,

M {a1 , a2 ,

mn 2 M

, an

, an } n 1

3 2 2
S
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2 S 2

S S n n S n , (n 2)
S n S n , (n 2)
3 6
n 3
(L.Kronecker)
6 3 1
2

3 S n

S , (n 2) 3
n

k N 2k 1 3 k N 2k k N 4k 1
4k 3
k N 4k
4k 2 k N 6k 1
6k 3
6n 5 k N 6k
6k 2
6k - 4
8,10,12,

2k 1 k N

4k 1
4k 3 k N
4k 14k 3 k N 1 3

S n , n 2 4k 1
4k 3

{1} S

1) (4k 3) 4(4k k 3k k 1) 1 4k 1| k N
3) (4k 3) 4(4k k 3k 3k 3) 3 4k 3 | k N
a 4k 3, 4k 1| k N b 4k 3, 4k 1| k N

(4k1 1) (4k2 1) 4(4k1k2 k1 k2 1) 3 4k 3 | k N

(4k1
(4k1

a b 4

k1 |

1 2

1 2

(1)

k3 |

k
N
4k 1 k N

4k 3 k N

1 S

(2)

Sn,n 2

(2) 4k 1
4k 3

a S n , n 2 a S n , n 2 k
a S n , n 2 (4k 1) (4k 1)

(4k 1) (4k 3) (4k 3) (4k 3) 4k 1

4k 3

(4a 3)(4b 3) a, b 2,3, 4,

4n 3 n 1, 4n 3
S
(4c 1)(4d 1) c, d 1, 2,3,
4n 1 4n 1 (4e 3)(4 f 1) e 2,3, 4, ; f 1, 2,

(3) 3

4ab 3a 3b 3 a, b 2,3, 4,
4n 3 n 1, n
S
4cd c d 1 c, d 1, 2,3,
4n 1 n 4ef e 3 f 1 e 2,3, 4, ; f 1, 2,3,

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(3)

(4)

(3) n, n 3 abc a (bc)

(4)a (4)bc (4) a1a2
a1 (4) a2 a3

an a1 (a2 a3

an ) (4)

an (4)(4) n S , n 2
n

4n 1
4n 3, n N

{1} S

S n , n 2 (4)

(4)(4)

(the conjecture of twin primes)

P P 2 P
(4) n 4n 3, 4n 1

n 4n 3, 4(n 1) 1

n 4n 3, 4n 1 n 4n 3, 4n 1
N 0 n N0 , n N 4n 3 4n 1 4n 3
4n 1 (4) n(n 2)

4n 3 n 1, n 4ab 3a 3b 3 a, b 2,3, 4,

Sn 4n 3 n 1, n 4cd c d 1 c, d 1, 2,3,
4n 1 n 4ef e 3 f 1 e 2,3, ; f 1, 2,

(5)

n N0 , n N

n 4ab 3a 3b 3 , n 4cd c d 1 , n 4ef e 3 f 1

,,

f (a, b) 4ab 3a 3b 3 a, b 2,3, 4,

c, d 1, 2,3,
f (c, d ) 4cd c d 1
f (e, f ) 4ef e 3 f 1 e 2,3, 4, ; f 1, 2,3,

(7) N 0 N 0
N0 f (a, b) N0 f (c, f ) N0 f (e, f )

1.

4ab 3a 3b 3 a, b 2,3, 4,

f (a, b) 4ab 3a 3b 3 a 2 m, m N b 2 n, n N
f (2 m, 2 n) f (2, 2) [4 (2 m) (2 n) 3 (2 m) 3 (2 n) 3] (4 2 2 3 2 3 2 3)
4mn 5m 5n

f (2 m,2 n) 4mn 5m 5n 7, m, n N
2.

4cd c d 1 c, d 1, 2,3,

f (c, d ) 4cd c d 1 c 1 m, m N d 1 n, n N
f (1 m,1 n) f (1,1) [4 (1 m) (1 n) (1 m) (1 n) 1] (4 1 1 1 1 1)
4mn 3m 3n

f (1 m,1 n) 4mn 3m 3n 3, m, n N
3.

4ef e 3 f 1 e 2,3,4,

; f 1,2,3,

f (e, f ) 4ef e 3 f 1 e 2 m, m N f 1 n, n N
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(6)

f (2 m,1 n) f (2,1) [4 (2 m) (1 n) (2 m) 3 (1 n) 1] (4 2 1 2 3 1 1)
4mn 3m 5n

f (2 m,1 n) 4mn 3m 5n 4, m, n N
(7)
f1 (m, n) 4mn 5m 5n 7, m, n 0

f 2 (m, n) 4mn 3m 3n 3, m, n 0
f (m, n) 4mn 3m 5n 4, m, n 0
(8)
N 0 N 0
3

(7)

N0 f1 (m, n) N0 f 2 (m, n) N0 f3 (m, n)

1)

4mn 5m 5n 7, m, n 0

5n 7, 9n 12,13n 17,
2)

(8)

4mn 3m 3n 3, m, n 0

3n 3, 7n 6,11n 9,
3)

, (4k0 5)n 5k0 7,

4mn 3m 5n 4, m, n 0 , m 0,1,

,(4k0 3)n 3k0 3

, k0 ,

5n 4,9n 7,13n 10,

n 0,1,

, k0 ,

(9)

,(4k0 5)n 3k0 4,

(10)

3m 4,7m 9,13m 10,

,(5k0 4)m 5k0 4,

(11)

(9)(10)(11)(12) N (8) N 0
N 0 (8)

6 4 2 2

n (7) f (a, b) n f (a, b) n f (c, d ) n f (c, d ) n

f (e, f ) n f (e, f )
8n 7,8n 5,8n 3,8n 1
(4)

8n 7

8n 5

8n 3

8n 1

8ab 7a 7b 7
8cd 5c 5d 4

n 1, n f1 (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h)
8ef 3e 3 f 2

8 gh g h 1

a, b 2,3,
c, d 1, 2,
e, f 1, 2,
g , h 1, 2,

8ab 5a 7b 5 a 2,3, ; b 1, 2,
8cd 5c 7d 5 c 2,3, ; d 1, 2,

n f 2 (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h)
8ef e 3 f 1 e, f 1, 2,

8
gh 3g h 1 g , h 1, 2,

8ab 3a 7b 3 a 2,3, ; b 1, 2,

8cd c 5d 1 c, d 1, 2,

n f 3 (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h)
8ef 7e 3 f 3 e, f 1, 2,

8 gh 5 g h 1 g , h 1, 2,

8ab a 7b 1 a 2,3,
8cd 3c 5d 4 c, d

n f 4 (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h)
8ef 5e 3 f 2 e, f

8 gh g 7h 1 g 2,3
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; b 1, 2,
1, 2,
1, 2,
; h 1, 2,

(12)

 6 D 2k , k 3,4,5,

2(4n 3)
2(4n 2)

D
2(4n 1)
2(4n)
6 D D s1 s2
(13) D s1 s2

n 2,3, 4,
n 2,3, 4,

(13)

n 1, 2,3,
n 1, 2,3,

s1 , s2 S

s1 , s2 S

s1 s2 D s0 D s0 s0

1.

D 2(4n 3) n 2,3, 4,

D 2(4n1 3) n1 2,3, 4,

D s1 s2

s1 , s2 S n1 M

M n0 , n0 N 4(n1 n0 ) 3 4(n1 n0 ) 3 s1 4(n1 n0 ) 3

s2 4(n1 n0 ) 3
n1 M M n0 , n0 N
4(n1 n0 ) 3 4(n1 n0 ) 3 n1 M M n0 , n0 N
4(n1 n0 ) 3 4(n1 n0 ) 3
n1 M M n0 , n0 N 4(n1 n0 ) 3

4(n1 n0 ) 3 4(n1 n0 ) 3 4(n1 n0 ) 3

p 3
4(n1 n0 ) 3 p0 p0 n1 n0 f (a, b) n1 n0 f (c, d ) n1 0
n0
4
p 3
(14)
4(n1 n0 ) 3 4( 0
n0 n0 ) 3 8n0 p0
4
(12) p0 8m0 H , m0 N , H 7,5,3,1 (14):
p 3
4(n1 n0 ) 3 4( 0
n0 n0 ) 3 8n0 p0 8(n0 m0 ) H
4

(15)

(n1 n0 ) f (a, b) (n1 n0 ) f (c, d )

(n0 m0 ) n1 f (a, b) m0 (n0 m0 ) n1 f (c, d ) m0

(n0 m0 ) N (n1 f (a, b) m0

N

n f (c, d ) m )
1

(16)

(12) n0 m0 fi (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4 8(n0 m0 ) H

N (n1 f (a, b) m0

n f (c, d ) m ) f (a, b, c, d , e, f , g, h), i 1, 2,3, 4

1

(17)

(17)

n f (a, b) m n 4ab 3a 3b 3 m
(18)
n f (c, d ) m n 4cd c d 1 m
f ( a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h),
i 1, 2, 3,4 i 1, 2,3, 4 H 7 i 1 H 5
1

i 2 H 3 i 3 H 1 i 4
i 1

f (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h)
8ab 7a 7b 7 8cd 5c 5d 4 8ef 3e 3 f 2 8 gh g h 1
1

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(19)

(18)(19)

n1 4ab 3a 3b 3 m0
n 4cd c d 1 m
0
1

8ab 7a 7b 7

8cd 5c 5d 4

8ef 3e 3 f 2

8 gh g h 1

(20) N *

N * N n1 f (a, b) m0

n f (c, d ) m
1

(20)

f (a, b, c, d , e, f , g, h), i 1, 2,3, 4

(21)

(17) n0 m0 8(n0 m0 ) H n0 4(n1 n0 ) 3

4(n1 n0 ) 3
2.

D 2(4n 2) n 2,3, 4,

D 2(4n2 2) n2 2,3, 4,

D s1 s2

s1 , s2 S n2 M

M n0 , n0 N 4(n2 n0 ) 3 4(n2 n0 ) 1 s1 4(n2 n0 ) 3

s2 4(n2 n0 ) 1

n2 M M n0 , n0 N
4(n2 n0 ) 3 4(n2 n0 ) 1 n2 M M n0 , n0 N
4(n2 n0 ) 3 4(n2 n0 ) 1 n2 M M

n0 , n0 N 4(n2 n0 ) 3 4(n2 n0 ) 1 4(n2 n0 ) 1 4(n2 n0 ) 3

4(n2 n0 ) 3 p0 p0 n2 n0 f (a, b) n2 n0 f (c, d ) n2

4(n2 n0 ) 1 4(

p0 3
n0 n0 ) 1 8n0 p0 2
4

p0 3
n0
4
(21)

(12) p0 8m0 H , m0 N , H 7,5,3,1 (21)

p 3
4(n2 n0 ) 1 4( 0
n0 n0 ) 1 8n0 p0 2 8(n0 m0 ) ( H 2)
4

(22)

(n2 n0 ) f (a, b) (n2 n0 ) f (c, d )

(n0 m0 ) n2 f (a, b) m0 (n0 m0 ) n2 f (c, d ) m0

(n0 m0 ) N (n2 f (a, b) m0

N

f (c, d ) m0 )

(23)

(12) n0 m0 fi (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4 8(n0 m0 ) ( H 2)

N (n2 f (a, b) m0

f (c, d ) m0 ) f i (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4 (24)

(24)(24) 1 (17) n0 m0
8(n0 m0 ) ( H 2) n0 4(n2 n0 ) 1 4(n2 n0 ) 1

3.

D 2(4n 1) n 2,3, 4,

D 2(4n3 3) n3 2,3, 4,

D s1 s2

s1 , s2 S n3 M

M n0 , n0 N 4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1 s1 4(n3 n0 ) 1

s2 4(n3 n0 ) 1
n3 M M n0 , n0 N
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 4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1 n3 M M n0 , n0 N
4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1 n3 M M
n0 , n0 N 4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1

4(n3 n0 ) 1 p0 p0 n3 n0 f (e, f ) n3
p 1
4(n3 n0 ) 1 4( 0
n0 n0 ) 1 8n0 p0
4

p0 1
n0
4
(25)

(12) p0 8m0 H , m0 N , H 7,5,3,1 (25)

p 1
4(n3 n0 ) 1 4( 0
n0 n0 ) 1 8n0 p0 8(n0 m0 ) H
4

(26)

(n3 n0 ) f (e, f ) (n0 m0 ) n3 f (e, f ) m0

(n0 m0 ) N n3 f (e, f ) m0

(27)

(12) n0 m0 fi (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4 8(n0 m0 ) H

N (n3 f (e, f ) m0 fi (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4

(28)

(28)(28) 1 (17) n0 m0
8(n0 m0 ) H n0 4(n3 n0 ) 1 4(n3 n0 ) 1

4.

D 2(4n) n 2,3, 4,

D 2(4n4 ) n4 2,3, 4,

D s1 s2

s1 , s2 S n4 M M

n0 , n0 N 4(n4 n0 1) 3 4(n4 n0 ) 1

s1 4(n4 n0 1) 3 s2 4(n4 n0 ) 1 4(n4 n0 ) 3 4(n4 n0 1) 1

4(n4 n0 1) 3 4(n4 n0 ) 1
n4 M M n0 , n0 N
4(n4 n0 1) 3 4(n4 n0 ) 1 n4 M M

n0 , n0 N 4(n4 n0 1) 3 4(n4 n0 ) 1
n4 M M n0 , n0 N 4(n4 n0 1) 3

4(n4 n0 ) 1 4(n4 n0 ) 1 4(n4 n0 1) 1

4(n4 n0 1) 3 p0 p0 n4 n0 1 f (a, b) n4 n0 1 f (c, d )

p 3
n4 0
n0 1
4
p 3
(29)
4(n4 n0 ) 1 4( 0
n0 1 n0 ) 1 8n0 p0 2
4
(12) p0 8m0 H , m0 N , H 7,5,3,1 (29):
p 3
4(n4 n0 ) 1 4( 0
n0 1 n0 ) 1 8n0 p0 2 8(n0 m0 ) ( H 2)
4

(30)

(n4 n0 1) f (a, b) (n4 n0 1) f (c, d )

(n0 m0 ) n4 f (a, b) m0 1 (n0 m0 ) n4 f (c, d ) m0 1

(n0 m0 ) N (n4 f (a, b) m0 1

N
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f (c, d ) m0 1)

(31)

(12) n0 m0 fi (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4 8(n0 m0 ) ( H 2)

N (n4 f (a, b) m0 1

f (c, d ) m0 1) f i (a, b, c, d , e, f , g , h), i 1, 2,3, 4

(32)

(32)(32) 1 (17)) n0 m0
8(n0 m0 ) ( H 2) n0 4(n4 n0 ) 1 4(n4 n0 ) 1

1 ~ 4 6

6 D 2k , k 3,4,5,

2(4n 3)
2(4n 2)

D
2(4n 1)
2(4n)

n 2,3, 4,
n 2,3, 4,
n 1, 2,3,

(33)

n 1, 2,3,

D s1 s2 s1 , s2
D
D 2
2
1 D 2(4n 3) n 2,3, 4,
D
4n 3 n n0 N 1 4n0 3
2
(4n0 3) s1 4n0 3 s2 4n0 3
(4n0 3) 4 N (4n0 3) 4 N
s1 (4n0 3) 4 N s2 (4n0 3) 4 N
N N 1
2 D 2(4n 2) n 2,3, 4,
D
2(4n 2) n n0 N 1 4n0 3
2
4n0 3 4n0 1

s1 4n0 3 s2 4n0 1
(4n0 3) 4 N (4n0 1) 4 N
s1 (4n0 3) 4 N s2 (4n0 1) 4 N
N N 1
3 D 2(4n 1) n 2,3, 4,
D
4n 1 n n0 N 1 4n0 3
2
(4n0 3) s1 4n0 3 s2 4n0 3
(4n0 3) 4 N (4n0 3) 4 N
s1 (4n0 3) 4 N s2 (4n0 3) 4 N
N N 1
4 D 2(4n) n 2,3, 4,
D
2(4n) n n0 N 1 4(n0 1) 3
2
4(n0 1) 3 4n0 1
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s1 4(n0 1) 3 s2 4n0 1
4(n0 1) 3 4 N (4n0 1) 4 N
s1 (4n0 3) 4 N s2 (4n0 1) 4 N
N N 1

2n 1
(4) 2n 1 4 2n 1 4k 3 2n 1 4k 1

4ab 3a 3b 3 a, b 2,3, 4,
log 2 (4k 2) k
n
4cd c d 1 c, d 1, 2,3,
log 4k k 4ef e 3 f 1 e 2,3, 4, ; f 1, 2,3,
2
2m 2
2m
(34) n 4k1 2 2m 4k2 2m k1
k2
4
4

(34)

2n 1 n

log 2 (16ab 12a 12b 10) a, b 2,3, 4,

n N ,n
log 2 (16cd 4c 4d 14) c, d 1, 2,3,
log (16ef 4e 12 f 4) e 2,3, 4, ; f 1, 2,3,
2

(35)

n (35)(35) E E 2E 1
(35) E

2
X 1

(4) X 2 1 4 X 2 1 4k 3
X 2 1 4k 1

16ab 12a 12b 2 a, b 2,3, 4,

X N ,X
16cd 4a 4d 14 c, d 1, 2,3,

16ef 4e 12 f 4 e 2,3, 4, ; f 1, 2,3,

(37)

X (37)(37) E E E 2 1
X 2 1 (35) E
X 2 1

(4)(4)

(4) X 2 1

1989-

Email:tianxia1108@126.com

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