1 BACKGROUND

Yizheng Wei, Reservoir Simulation Group

University of Calgary
Development of a Four Phase Compositional Simulator using Equation of State
3 METHODOLOGY
Compositional models are widely used to
simulate complex multiphase flow in a
reservoir where phase mole fractions and
compositions at equilibrium change with
space and time. Consequently, a phase
equilibrium calculation method is necessary
for accurate determination of the number of
phases, phase amounts as well as phase
compositions in each grid block. The method
usually consists of two parts: phase stability
analysis and phase split flash calculation, in
which, an equations of state (EOS) plays an
important role in the representation of
volumetric, thermodynamic, and phase
equilibrium properties.
TEXT
2 Why / PURPOSE
4 RESULTS
CITATIONS
Recent research has shown that three or more
phase may coexist in equilibrium during CO2
floods and the Vapour Extraction (Vapex)
process, whlie Most commercial compositional
simulators can handle up to three phases which
results in incorrect fluid description and phase
behavior prediction for the simulation.

In this work, a three-dimensional isothermal
compositional simulator equipped has been
developed. A robust phase equilibrium calculation
package which allows the maximum of four
phases in equilibrium is implemented. Also, the
simulator is able to handle four coexisting phase
which may flow at the same time. It helps to study
the effect of water-hydrocarbon mutual solubility
and the existence of 2nd non-aqueous liquid
phase during oil recovery process.


4-Phase Equilibrium Calculation:
16-component CO2-HC-H2O mixture @ T=307.59K
( )
, , ,
, , ,
1, ,
m
r
b o c o
w g o l
m
w g o l
m c
K k
V p p D
z S
x q
t
m N

=
=
| | (
| (
|
| | \ .
= |
|

\
| |
|
|
=
|
|
|
\
.
.

- Material Balance
- Phase Equilibrium
, , 1, ,
mg mo mo ml ml mw c
f f f f f f m N = = = =
- Mole Balance
1
W G O L
+ + + =
1 1 1 1 1
1
c c c c c N N N N N
m mw mg mo ml
m m m m m
z x x x x
= = = = =
= = = = =
m W mw G mG O mO L mL
z x x x x = + + +
- Constraint
Numerical Method
- Finite Difference Discretization
x
z
y
(i,j,k)
(i,j,k+1)
(i,j+1,k)
(i-1,j,k) (i+1,j,k)
(i,j-1,k)
(i,j,k-1)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1, , , , , , 1, ,
1 1
2 2
, 1, , , , , , 1,
1 1
2 2
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
i j k i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j k i j k i j k
m m
w g o l w g o l
i j k i j k
m m
w g o l w g o l
i j k i j k
w g o l
m
T x T x F
T x T x

+
+
= =
+
= =
+
=
| | | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ | |
| |
\ . \
+
=
.


( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
, , 1 , , , , , , 1
1 1
2 2
, , ,
, , , ,
1

i j k i j k i j k i j k
b
m m
m m
w g o l
i j k i j k
n n
F F m
T x T x
z
V
z q
t

+
=
+
+
| | | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
+

- MultiPhase EquilibriumCalculation
Feed
1, , m c z m N =
W
L
G
O
L moles
Wmoles
1, , mg c x m N =
1, , ml c x m N =
Liquid
Water
1, , mw c x m N =
Oil
O moles
1, , mo c x m N =
G moles
Gas
F moles
Stability Test (Michelsens Method)
( ) ( ) ln ln ln ln 0 1, , i i i i c X x z z i N + = =

Flash Calculation: a combination of

where Stable if
1
c N
i i i
i
x X X
=
=
1
1
c N
i
i
X
=
<
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
exp ln ln 1, ,
k
i i i i c X z z x i N
+
= + =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 ln
where
k k
i i k k k k i
ij
j j
X x r
X X J r J
X X
+
| | | |
= = = | |
| |
\ . \ .

Successive Substitution
Newton-Raphson Method
Govern Equation
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
7400 7600 7800 8000 8200 8400 8600
P
h
a
s
e
M
o
le
F
r
a
c
t
io
n

Pressure (Kpa)
Phase Distribution
Oil
L2
Vapor
Water
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
7400 7600 7800 8000 8200 8400 8600
P
h
a
s
e
M
o
le
F
r
a
c
t
io
n

Pressure (Kpa)
Effect of Water
Oil
L2
Vapor
Water
Slim Tube Simulation
Dimension(ft3) 25010012.5
Grid Block 1011
Permeability(md) 2000
Initial Water Saturation 0.1
Initial Pressure (psi) 821.225
Initial Temperature(R) 529.74
Initial Composition
CO2C1 C3 C16
0.00.20.3 0.5
InjectionRate(Lb-mol/day) 110
ProductionBottomHole Pressure (Psi) 5800
InjectedComposition
CO2C1 C3 C16
1.00.00.0 0.0

Gas Injection Simulation
Dimension(ft3) 656.1681656.16816.404
Grid Block 10101
Permeability(md) 2000
Initial Water Saturation 0.1
Initial Pressure (psi) 362.45
Initial Temperature(R) 599.67
Reservoir Component C1C3C4-6C7-19C20+
InjectionRate(MSCF/day) 1765.73
ProductionBottomHole Pressure (Psi) 362.45
InjectedComposition
CO2C1 C3 C16
0.70.10.2 0.0 0.0

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 20 40 60 80
C
u
m
O
il (S
T
B
)
Days
Oil Production
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
0 20 40 60 80
C
u
m
G
as (M
S
C
F
)
Days
Gas Production
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
0 20 40 60 80
M
o
le P
ro
d
u
ced
(lb
-m
o
l)
Days
Production (lb-mol)
Total Mole
CO2
C1
C3
C16
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
C
u
m
O
il (S
T
B
)
Days
Oil Production
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
C
u
m
G
as (M
S
C
F
)
Days
Gas Production
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
M
o
le P
ro
d
u
ced
(lb
-m
o
l)
Days
Production (lb-mol)
Total Mole
C1
C4-6
C3
C7-19
C20+