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Figure TCR1. Initial PID attempts at control. Various PID settings were tried and the
resulting display shows the difficulties in obtaining reasonable control.
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Figure TCR2. Initial trial runs of fuzzy logic

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Figure TCR3. Optimal fuzzy logic control achieved.

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Figure TCR4. Control studio configuration. Includes the fuzzy logic block, the lead/lag
block, and a portion of the control parameters are on the left.
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Figure CC_TCR1. Process response due to interaction. Setpoint of furnace changed from
1250 to 1200 to 1150 to 1200.
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Figure CC_TCR2. Response of CC loop due to furnace temperature setpoint changes.

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APPENDIX addition

Fuzzy Logic: How does it work?

Fuzzy logic is especially useful for the control of noisy, uncontrollable process
loops. Fuzzy uses adjustable parameters known as scaling factors:

Error: analogous to integral in PID

dE: analogous to the rate, also known as the derivative in PID
o/p: this scaling factor is analogous to the Gain (Kc) in PID.

This logic uses a similar module as the PID in Control Studio, but it is labelled
FLC instead of PID1. This block translates absolute measure values into fuzzy
values by calculating scaled errors. Because of the highly non-linear action of a
noisy loop, and because fuzzy looks at translated signals instead of linear type of
signals (PID type of settings), fuzzy is able to truly respond to changes in the
process more accurately than normal PID control.

The parameters seen in the FLC block in Control Studio are:

A) SF_DELTERR: change in error in the scaling factor-converts change in error

B) SF_ERROR: error scaling factor: converts the error (PV-SP) to a normalized
value
C) SF_OUTPUT: change in the output of the controller by a scaling factor:
converts the relationship between A and B to a scaled output value.

It can be seen that all three parameters work together in a non-linear fashion and
thus represent a non-linear controller. The non-linearity results because of the
translation of the process variables (PV’s) to fuzzy values in the control block.
The interaction of the 3 parameters then create a continuous signal which is
always adjusting the response of the controller to the process, correcting the non-
linear process through its scaling factors and interaction.
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