Introduction: Generators are designed to run at high load factors for a large numbers of years and permit certain

incidences of abnormal working conditions. The machine and its auxiliaries are supervised by monitoring device to keep the incidences of normal working conditions down to a minimum. Despite the monitoring electrical and mechanical fault quickly initiate a disconnection of the machine from the system and if necessary, initiate a complete shutdown of the machine. Objective: Objective is to trip only the absolutely essential equipment so that: --Damage is minimum --Overspeeding of the TG due to sudden load throw off is avoided --Impact of tripping of large set on the grid is minimum --Auxiliaries if possible are kept energized and time to restart the unit is minimum. Classification of tripping Class-A tripping: This is adopted for those electrical faults of Generator and Generator transformers and unit auxiliary transformer for which tripping can not be delayed. This leads to simultaneous tripping of Generator transformer HV side CB (GCB). Field circuit breaker. LV side incommer breaker of UAT. Auto-change over from unit to station supply for unit auxiliaries and tripping of turbine. Class- B tripping: This is adopted for all turbine faults (Mechanical) and for some Electrical faults of Generator, Generator transformer and Unit auxiliary transformer for which it is safe to trip turbine. Subsequently the generator is tripped through low forward power interlocks (Reverse power). Ensures that unit doesnt over speed due to trapped steam in the turbine during the shut down and also the loss of power to the grid from the generator is not sudden. CLASS C tripping This is adopted for all faults beyond the generator system which can be cleared by tripping of generator transformer HV side CB (GCB) alone.

In this case the TG set runs with HP LP bypass system in operation and the generator continues to feed the unit auxiliary load through unit aux. transformers. N Protective relay o. 1. Generator Differential Relay 2. Generator Transformer Differential Relay 3. Unit Overall Differential Relay 4. Generator Stator E/F Relay (100%) 5. Generator Stator E/F Relay (95%) 6. GT Over fluxing Relay 7. Gen. U/F Relay Tripping mode Class - A Class - A Class - A Class - A Class - A Class - B I-Stage Alarm Class - C I-Stage Alarm after which load II- Stage management shall be adopted. Tripping will take place if frequency doesn't improve. Class - B II- Stage Class - C I - Stage alarm. Remarks

8. Generator rotor E/F Relay 9. Generator Pole slipping Relay 10 Generator Field Failure . Relay 11 Generator Low forward . power Relay 12 Generator Reverse Power . Relay 13 Generator Distance backup . impedance relay 14 Generator Voltage . Restrained Relay 15 GT HV side backup O/C . Relay 16 GT HV side std. By E/F Relay . 17 UAT Differential Relay . 18 Gen. Negative Seq. Current . relay 19 Gen. Definite time O/C Relay . 20 UAT HV side O/C Relay . 21 GT Buch. Relay . 22 GT winding Temp. device .

Class - B Without Under Voltage For Interlock in Class - B tripping Class - A Class - C Class - A Class - C Class - B Class - A Class - C I- Stage Alarm

Class - A For alarm Class - A Class - A II- Stage Class - C I- Stage Alarm I- Stage Alarm

23 . 24 . 25 . 26 .

GT Oil Temp. Device GT Oil Level device UAT Buch. Relay UAT Winding Temp. Device

II- Stage Class - C II- Stage

I- Stage Alarm Alarm

Class - A I- Stage Alarm I- Stage Alarm II- Stage trip unit Sw. gr. Incomer breaker and auto c/o to Stn. Bus. I- Stage Alarm II- Stage trip unit Sw. gr. Incomer breaker and auto c/o to Stn. Bus. Alarm

27 UAT Oil Temp. Device . 28 UAT Oil Level Device .

Protective Relays for large Generators are sub grouped in two groups i.e. Group I & Group II. Each group should be supplied for separate DC sources. The relays of Group I and Group II are also mounted in separate cubicles. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Group - I Gen. Diff. Relay 100% E/F Relay -ve Phase seq. Relay Over excitation Relay Field winding E/F Relay Shaft Current Relay Reverse power relay Group - II Impedance Relay 95% Stator E/F relay -ve Phase seq. Relay O/V Relay Loss of Excitation Stator Thermal O/L relay Reverse power relay