RANGERS PUBLIC SCHOOL AND COLLEGE

CAMBRIDGE SECTION
BIOLOGY THEORY ACTIVITY FOR 02 &03
Question 1 Fig. 1.1 is a flow diagram which shows some of the stages in the manufacture
of a type of cheese.
(a) Identify
the type of

microorganism added to the milk. ..................................................[1]

(b) Use the information from Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 to describe the function of these
microorganisms in this process.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) The enzyme which curdles milk can be obtained from the alimentary canal of a young
mammal. Suggest from which part of the alimentary canal the enzyme is obtained.
State a reason for your answer.
part of alimentary canal ....................................................................................................
reason ..............................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) Fig. 1.3 shows how milk is treated before it is used to make a cheese-like product P.
After this treatment, it undergoes a process similar to the one shown in Fig. 1.1. The
end-product has a flavour and texture similar to cheese, but it is considered to be
healthier to eat.

(i) Suggest which feature of the manufacturing process in Fig. 1.3 may make product P
healthier to eat than cheese.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State two possible harmful effects of eating cheese often and in large quantities.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................[2]
[Total:
9]
question 2 Fig. 1.1a shows the absorption and release of gases by an animal and by a
leaf of a
plant during the day.

(a) Name
(i) gas A. .................................................
(ii) gas B. .................................................
[2]
(iii) On Fig. 1.1b, place arrow heads on the four lines to indicate the movement of the
same gases during the hours of darkness.
[3]

(b) Explain why, in the early morning and in the evening, there is no overall movement
of gases into or out of the leaf.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) The animal eats the leaf.
Name a chemical substance in the leaf that
(i) will provide the animal with energy,............................................................
(ii) the animal will use for growth.............................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]
Question 3 Fig. 3.1 represents part of a starch molecule.

(a) (i) Name the enzyme in the human alimentary canal that digests this molecule.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) In the space below, draw a diagram to show the result of this enzymes action on
the starch molecule.
[1]
(iii) List the regions in the alimentary canal where this enzyme is active.
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Olestra is a synthetic, edible fat similar to naturally-occurring saturated (animal) fats.

The human alimentary canal and associated organs cannot produce an appropriate
enzyme to act on it.
(i) State a process that all fats, including olestra, undergo in the alimentary canal.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State two processes that all fats, other than olestra, undergo in the alimentary
canal.
1 ................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Suggest two health-related advantages of using olestra in food preparation.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) Suggest a possible disadvantage of using olestra.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 10]
Question 4. (a) (i) Name the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates
from raw
materials.......................................................................................................................
[1]
Starch is an insoluble carbohydrate stored inside plant cells.
(ii) Explain why starch is a more suitable storage substance than the soluble sugar
glucose.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Before a plant can use it, the stored starch must first be broken down by an enzyme.
Fig. 1.1 shows the lock and key hypothesis of how enzymes work.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) In an investigation, two plants were grown in a solution containing mineral ions
Including nitrate and magnesium. Plant A was provided with air containing oxygen and
plant B was provided with air from which the oxygen had been removed. Fig. 1.2 shows
the plants after a period of growth in these conditions.

Suggest reasons for the increased growth of the plant in the solution supplied with air
containing oxygen.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 10]
Question 5 Fig. 1.1 shows a water plant and Fig. 1.2 shows a section through one of its
leaves.

(a) Identify the types of cell found at A, B and C.

A ..........................................................
B ..........................................................
C ..........................................................
[3]
(b) (i) Suggest a function of the air chambers in Fig. 1.2 related to maintaining the
position of the leaf.
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) State a different function of the air chambers which helps photosynthesis.
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(c) State three ways in which the structure of this leaf differs from that of a typical plant
growing on land.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................

3. ..................................................................................................................................[3]
(d) Fig. 1.3 shows the water plant from Fig. 1.1 as it looks when it is not in the water.
Fig. 1.4 shows a plant growing on land.

Question 6.

Fig. 1.1 shows a cell from an organism.

(a) (i) In which type of living organism are cells similar to the one shown in Fig. 1.1
normally found?
...............................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) State two reasons for your choice of living organism in (i).
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................................
[2]
Fig. 1.2(a) shows the same cell after it had been placed in solution A for ten minutes.
The cell was then transferred to solution B and Fig. 1.2(b) shows how it appeared after a
further ten minutes.

(b) Explain what has occurred to cause the cell to appear as it does in Fig. 1.2(a).
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) Compared with the water potential of the cell, what can be deduced about solutions
Aand B?
Solution A .........................................................................................................................
Solution B .....................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) What will be found in region C in Fig. 1.2(b) at the end of the experiment?
..........................................................................................................................................
Explain your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]
Question 7. (a) Describe how the products of fat digestion enter a persons blood.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[4]
Fig. 1.1 shows apparatus at the start of an experiment to investigate the digestion of an
emulsion of fat droplets in water by enzyme A.

The pH indicator is green in a pH of 7, blue when the pH is above 7 and red when it is
below 7.
The apparatus is kept at 40 C for 20 minutes during which time the indicator changes
from green to red.
(b) (i) State the identity of enzyme A.
................................................................................
(ii) Explain why the apparatus was kept at 40 C.
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Name the products of digestion of the emulsion by enzyme A.
......................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Describe the processes which led to the change in pH.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]
Question 8 Fig. 2.1 shows a comparison of water vapour loss by a plant growing in damp
soil and a plant growing in dry soil.

(a) (i) State the term for the loss of water vapour by a plant.
..............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the time of day when the total water vapour loss from the two plants taken
together is the greatest.
..............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) Explain the rise in the rate of water vapour loss between 08:00 and 10:00 by the
plant in damp soil.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[4]
(ii) Suggest why the rate of water vapour loss from the plant in dry soil decreased
during the same period of time.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Suggest why the temperature of the plant in dry soil may be higher at mid-day than
that
of the plant in damp soil.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 10]
Question 9. When a strip of filter paper is soaked in cobalt chloride solution, it is pink
when
damp and turns blue when dry.
Fig. 3.1 shows strips of dry cobalt chloride paper on the upper and lower surfaces of a
leaf, pressed between dry glass slides.

A student used this method to investigate the time taken for strips of cobalt chloride
paper to turn from blue to pink. The experiment was performed five times. The results
are shown in Table 3.2.

(a) (i) State the most likely conclusion that could be drawn from the results of
Experiments 1, 2, 4 and 5.

..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) Suggest an explanation for the results of these experiments
for the upper surface of the leaf,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
for the lower surface of the leaf.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[4]
(b) Suggest two possible reasons for the result obtained for the strip attached to the
Upper surface of the leaf in experiment 3.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Suggest how the student could improve the reliability of this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) Suggest how the student could show that the concentration of water vapour coming
out of a leaf is greater than its concentration in the atmosphere.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]
Question 10. In an experiment to investigate starch production by a plant, three similar
plants,
each with variegated (green and white) leaves were set up as shown in Fig. 2.1.

(a) Name the process that produces starch in the leaves.

.............................................................................
[1]
(b) At the start of the experiment, each jar contained atmospheric air.

Name a gas, other than oxygen and carbon dioxide, which was present in the air inside
the jars.
............................................................................. [1]
(c) Explain how the conditions in Jar L make it a control.
......................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) At the end of the experiment, a leaf was taken from each plant and tested for the
presence of starch. On the outlines in Fig. 2.2, clearly label the colours of each leaf
after the starch test. Do not colour in the leaves.

(e) When the air was first trapped under the jars, it contained 0.04% carbon dioxide. For
each of the jars, explain why this percentage has changed by the end of the experiment.
Jar L .................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Jar M ................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Jar N .................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[6]
[Total: 12]
Question 11. (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme E.

(i) State the optimum temperature for enzyme E. .................

[1]
(ii) Suggest a possible identity for enzyme E, where it is found, and its function.
identity of enzyme E ...............................................
where it is found .......................................................................................................
function .....................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the effect of temperature on the activity of another enzyme, F.

State and explain what would happen to the activity of enzyme E at the optimum
temperature for enzyme F.
..........................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 8]
Question 12.
8. Explain what is meant by the following terms:
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
[6]
(b) where, in a mammal, are the following substance stored, and what part does each
play n a mammals metabolism?
A. Carbohydrates
[4]
B. fats
[Total: 10]
Question 13 (a) State the differences between osmosis and active transport. [3]
(b) Describe an example of active transport in
(i) a plant and
(ii) a human being.
In each case, explain the importance of the transported substances. [7]
[Total: 10]
Question 14 Describe the functions in a plant of
(a) cell walls,
[5]
(b) cell membranes.
[5]
[Total: 10]
Question 15 (a) Show, by means of a table, how red and white blood cells differ in
structure and
function.
[4]
(b) what change are made to the blood as it flows through
1. The lungs.
[2]
2. The kidneys?
[4]
(c) Describe how the blood clots to seal a wound in the skin.

[Total: 10]
Question 16 (a) Explain how energy is trapped by a plant, stored and then released
several days later.
[7]
(b) Explain why a plant growing in soil deficient in magnesium stores far less energy than
one
growing in soil rich in magnesium.
[3]
[Total: 10]
Question 17. (a) Explain how xylem is suited to its functions in a plant.
[7]
(b) Suggest why some insects that are parasitic on plants obtain their food from the
phloem,
rather than from the xylem.
[3]
[Total: 10]
Question 18(a) State the differences between osmosis and active transport.
[3]
(b) Describe an example of active transport in
(i) a plant and
(ii) a human being.
In each case, explain the importance of the transported substances.
[7]
[Total: 10]