1/4/41 AN- 00053318| TI- Resident behavior and staff distress in the nursing home| AU- Everitt, Daniel

E.|Fields, David R.|Soumerai, Stephen S.|Avorn, Jerry| JN- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society| VO- Vol. 39| IS- No. 8| PD- Aug 1991| PG- p. 792-798| TP- 7p.| PY- 1991| FS- John A. Hartford Foundation^National Institute on Aging| DT- Journal Article| AB- Assessed the prevalence of specific behaviors among patients taking psychoactive medications, the distress reported by nursing staff as a result of such behavior, and the cognitive and physical function of these patients. Information on all ordered and administered medications was collected for one month on each of the 850 residents of 12 intermediate care level facilities. A total of 346 patients who received at least 5 days of psychoactive medication during that period were included in the study. Most participants (281) were administered the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination, and all were assessed by nurses regarding their functional ability and behavior. Nurses specified the frequency and severity of seven behaviors (noisiness, bizarre behavior, physical abuse, verbal abuse, wandering, withdrawal, or agitation) and the level of distress they experienced at the time of the behavior. The most common behavior problems reported were agitation (42 percent), withdrawal (33 percent), and noisiness (27 percent). Even the least prevalent behavior, physical abusiveness, was reported in 11 percent of residents. Staff members reported substantial variation in the level of distress they experienced, but overall, only half of the instances of behavior disorder were described as distressful by nurses. Day and evening nurses rated the frequencies of behavior and the degrees of distress equally, on average. (UH)| DEInstitutionalized Elderly|Nursing Homes|Drug Effects|Behavior Problems|Institutional Personnel|Stress|| 1/4/42 AN- 00053311| TI- Sharing or competition: multiple views of the intergenerational flow of society's resources| AU- Hirshorn, Barbara| JN- Marriage and Family Review| VO- Vol. 16| IS- No. 1-2| PD- 1991| PG- p. 175-193| TP- 19p.| PY- 1991| NT- Included in special issue "Families: Intergenerational and Generational Connections, Part One"| DT- Journal Article| AB- Analyzes the debate concerning the intergenerational flow of society's resources, focusing on two concepts: sharing and competition. Four factors appear to underlie the differing viewpoints on generational flow: the notion of a generation as a group that shares a collective mentality and set of concerns, the lack of consensus regarding individual and group assessments of the fairness of resource distributions, the concern over whether to select an absolute or a

relative context to measure loss or pain, and the perception of the resource "pie" as either fixed or expandable. Six conflict-based arguments are described that emphasize tension between identifiable subgroups of the population regarding the amount of resources at stake as well as the distribution process. Solidarity-based arguments are reviewed, which stress a commonality of needs and the assumption that what is good for individuals in one group is usually good for individuals in other groups. They also tend to use multiple meanings for the concept of "generation." Heterogeneity-based arguments minimize the concept of generation per se, stressing a needs-based approach to the distribution of resources. (UH)| DE- Intergenerational Relationships|Intergenerational Conflict|Resource Allocation|Social Values|Social Attitudes|| 1/4/43 AN- 00053308| TI- Intergenerational caregivers of the oldest old| AU- Sanborn, Beverly|Bould, Sally| JN- Marriage and Family Review| VO- Vol. 16| IS- No. 1-2| PD- 1991| PG- p. 125-142| TP- 18p.| PY- 1991| NT- Included in special issue "Families: Intergenerational and Generational Connections, Part One"| DT- Journal Article| AB- Uses a family systems perspective to explore caregiving situations involving the "oldest old" (people aged 85 and older) and their intergenerational caregivers. It is noted that this age group is growing more rapidly than any other segment of the population, and, overwhelmingly, the care of those who reside in the community is the responsibility of women--primarily adult daughters. A family systems perspective that encompasses past history, expectations, role relationships, and feelings of inadequacy and loss, is used to explore the motivations of those who serve as caregivers. Case studies depict two families responding in very different ways to the need to care for an aged family member. The family life cycle approach to caregiving holds that dependent old age can be viewed as an anticipated life event that may call for a rearrangement of family roles or for household members to incorporate the care of the parent in late old age. Older caregivers can anticipate becoming the elder of the family when the oldest old member dies, strengthening the bonds of reciprocity and providing a role model to younger generations. The postponement of caregiving into the retirement years appears to present less stress and allow for the integration of sons and daughters into the caregiving process. (UH)| DE- 75+|Filial Responsibility|Intergenerational Relationships|Caregivers|De pendent Parents|Life Cycle|Informal Support Systems||