1

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE aceptar agregar

ESPAOL

accept (acpt) add (ad) admire (admiar) admit (admt) advise (advis) afford (afrd) agree (agr:) alert (alrt) allow (alu) amuse (amis) analyse (nalais) announce (anuns) annoy (ani) answer (nsuer) apologise (aplodchais) appear (apar) applaud (apld) appreciate (aprshieit) approve (aprv) argue (:rguiu) arrange (arrindch)

accepted (acptid) added (did) admired (admiard) admitted (admtid) advised (advist) afforded (afrdit) agreed (agr:d) alerted (alrtid) allowed (alud) amused (amist) analysed (nalaist) announced (anunst) annoyed (anid) answered (nsuerd)

accepted (acptid) added (did) admired (admiard) admitted (admtid) advised (advist) afforded (afrdit) agreed (agr:d) alerted (alrtid) allowed (alud) amused (amist) analysed (nalaist) announced (anunst) annoyed (anid) answered (nsuerd)

admirar admitir aconsejar afrontar estar de acuerdo alertar permitir entretener analizar anunciar molestar contestar pedir disculpas, disculparse aparecer aplaudir

apologised (aplodchaist) apologised (aplodchaist) appeared (apard) applauded (apldid) appeared (apard) applauded (apldid)

appreciated (aprshieitid) appreciated (aprshieitid) apreciar approved (aprvt) argued (:rguiut) arranged (arrindcht) approved (aprvt) argued (:rguiut) arranged (arrindcht) aprobar discutir arreglar

arrest (arrst) arrive (arriv) ask (ask) attach (atch) attack (atck) attempt (atmpt) attend (atnd) attract (atrct) avoid (avid) 1 back (bak) bake (bik) balance (blans) ban (ban) bathe (bid) beg (beg) behave (bijiv) belong (bilng) bless (bles) blind (blind) blink (blink) blush (blash) boil (bil) INFINITIVE

arrested (arrstid) arrived (arrivd) asked (askt) attached (atcht) attacked (atckt) attempted (atmptid) attended (atndid) attracted (atrctid) avoided (avidid) 2 backed (bakt) baked (bikt) balanced (blanst) banned (bnd) bathed (bidid) begged (bgd) behaved (bijivd) belonged (bilngd) blessed (blest) blinded (blindid) blinked (blinkt) blushed (blasht) boiled (bild) PAST

arrested (arrstid) arrived (arrivd) asked (ask) attached (atcht) attacked (atckt) attempted (atmptid) attended (atndid) attracted (atrctid) avoided (avidid) 3 PARTICIPLE

arrestar llegar preguntar adjuntar atacar intentar asistir atraer evitar ESPAOL apoyar hornear balancear prohibir baarse rogar comportarse pertenecer bendecir enceguecer parpadear enrojecer hervir

backed (bakt) baked (bikt) balanced (blanst) banned (bnd) bathed (bidid) begged (bgd) behaved (bijivd) belonged (bilngd) blessed (blest) blinded (blindid) blinked (blinkt) blushed (blasht) boiled (bild)

book (buk) bore (bor) borrow (brrou) bounce (buns) brake (brik) breathe (brid) brush (brash) burn (bern) bury (bri) 1 call (kol) calculate (klkiuleit) camp (kamp) care (ker) cause (koz) challenge (chlindz) change (chindz) charge (chrdz) chase (chis) cheat (chit) check (chek) cheer (chir) chew (chu) INFINITIVE

booked (bukt) bored (bord) borrowed (brroud) bounced (bunst) braked (brikt) breathed (brdid) brushed (brasht) burned (bernd) buried (brid) 2 called (kold) calculated (klkiuleirid) camped (kampt) cared (kerd) caused (kozd) challenged (chlindzd) changed (chindzd) charged (chrdzd) chased (chist) cheated (chtid) checked (chekt) cheered (chird) chewed (chud) PAST

booked (bukt) bored (bord) borrowed (brroud) bounced (bunst) braked (brikt) breathed (brdid) brushed (brasht) burned (bernd) buried (brid) 3 PARTICIPLE

reservar aburrir pedir prestado rebotar frenar respirar cepillar quemar enterrar ESPAOL llamar calcular acampar cuidar causar desafiar cambiar cargar cazar engaar verificar alegrar mascar

called (kold) calculated (klkiuleirid) camped (kampt) cared (kerd) caused (kozd) challenged (chlindzd) changed (chindzd) charged (chrdzd) chased (chist) cheated (chtid) checked (chekt) cheered (chird) chewed (chud)

claim (klim) clap (klp) clean (klin) clear (klar) close (klus) collect (kolkt) comb (kom) compare (kompr) compete (kompt)

claimed (klimd) clapped (klpt) cleaned (klind) cleared (klard) closed (klusd) collected (kolktid) combed (komd) compared (komprd) competed (komptid)

claimed (klimd) clapped (klpt) cleaned (klind) cleared (klard) closed (klusd) collected (kolktid) combed (komd) compared (komprd) competed (komptid)

reclamar aplaudir limpiar aclarar cerrar cobrar, coleccionar peinar comparar competir quejarse completar concentrarse

complain complained (komplind) complained (komplind) (komplin) complete completed completed (komplt) (kompltid) (kompltid) concentrate (knsentreit) concentrated (knsentreired) concentrated (knsentreired) concern (konsrn) confess (konfs) confuse (konfis) connect (konkt) consider (konsder) consist (konsst) contain (kontin) continue (kontniu) cook (ku:k) copy (kpi) concerned (konsrnd) confessed (konfst) confused (konfist) connected (konktid) considered (konsderd) consisted (konsstid) contained (kontind) continued (kontniud) cook (ku:kt) copied (kpid)

concerned (konsrnd) concernir confessed (konfst) confused (konfist) confesar confundir

connected (konktid) conectar considered (konsderd) consisted (konsstid) considerar consistir

contained (kontind) contener continued (kontniud) continuar cook (ku:kt) copied (kpid) cocinar copiar

correct (korrkt) cough (kof) count (kaunt) cover (kver) crack (krak) crash (krash) crawl (krol) cross (kros) crush (krash) cry (kri) cure (kir) curl (kerl) curve (kerb) cycle (sikl) 1 INFINITIVE

corrected (korrktid) coughed (koft) counted (kunid) covered (kverd) cracked (krakt) crashed (krasht) crawled (krold) crossed (krost) crushed (krasht) cried (krid) cured (kird) curled (kerld) curved (kerbd) cycled (sikld) 2 PAST 3

corrected (korrktid) corregir coughed (koft) counted (kunid) covered (kverd) cracked (krakt) crashed (krasht) crawled (krold) crossed (krost) crushed (krasht) cried (krid) cured (kird) curled (kerld) curved (kerbd) cycled (sikld) PARTICIPLE daar bailar engaar decidir decorar demorar suprimir, eliminar, borrar deleitar toser contar cubrir rajar embestir arrastrarse cruzar aplastar gritar, llorar curar enrular curvar pasear en bicicleta ESPAOL

damage (dmidz) dance (dans) deceive (disv) decide (disid) decorate (dkoreit) delay (dili) delete (dil:t) delight (dilit)

damaged (dmidzd) danced (danst) deceived (disvd) decided (disidid) decorated (dkoreirid) delayed (dilid) deleted (dil:tid) delighted (dilirid)

damaged (dmidzd) danced (danst) deceived (disvd) decided (disidid) decorated (dkoreirid) delayed (dilid) deleted (dil:tid) delighted (dilirid)

deliver (delver) depend (dipnd) describe (diskrib) deserve (disrv) destroy (distri) detect (ditkt) develop (divlop) disagree (disagr) disappear (disapar) discover (diskver) dislike (dislik) divide (divid) double (dbl) doubt (dut) dream (drim) dress (dres) drop (drop) drown (drun) dry (dri) dust (dst) 1 earn (ern) educate (dzukeit) INFINITIVE

delivered (delverd) depended (dipnid) described (diskribd) deserved (disrvd) destroyed (distrid) detected (ditktid) developed (divlopt) disagreed (disagrd) disappeared (disapard) discovered (diskverd) disliked (dislikt) divided (dividid) doubled (dbld) doubted (durid) dreamed (drimd) dressed (drest) dropped (drpt) drowned (drund) dried (drid) dusted (dstid) 2 earned (ernd) educated (dzukeirid) PAST

delivered (delverd) depended (dipnid) described (diskribd) deserved (disrvd) destroyed (distrid) detected (ditktid) developed (divlopt) disagreed (disagrd) disappeared (disapard) discovered (diskverd) disliked (dislikt) divided (dividid) doubled (dbld) doubted (durid) dreamed (drimd) dressed (drest) dropped (drpt) drowned (drund) dried (drid) dusted (dstid) 3 PARTICIPLE

repartir depender describir merecer destruir detectar desarrollar no estar de acuerdo desaparecer descubrir disgustar dividir duplicar dudar soar vestir dejar caer, caerse ahogar secar limpiar ESPAOL ganar educar

earned (ernd) educated (dzukeirid)

embarrass (imbras) employ (impli) empty (mpti) encourage (inkridz) end (end) enjoy (indzi) enter (ner) entertain (enertin) escape (iskip) examine (igzmin) excite (iksit) excuse (ikskiz) exercise (ksersaiz) exist (igzst) expand (ikspnd) expect (ikspkt) explain (iksplin) explode (iksplud) extend (ikstnd) 1 face (fis) fade (fid) fail (fil) INFINITIVE

embarrassed (imbrast) employed (implid) emptied (mptid) encouraged (inkridzd) ended (ndid) enjoyed (indzid) entered (nerd) entertained (enertind) escaped (iskipt) examined (igzmind) excited (iksirid) excused (ikskizd) exercised (ksersaizd) existed (igzstid) expanded (ikspndid) expected (ikspktid) explained (iksplind) exploded (ikspludid) extended (ikstndid) 2 faced (fist) faded (fidid) failed (fild) PAST

embarrassed (imbrast) employed (implid) emptied (mptid) encouraged (inkridzd) ended (ndid) enjoyed (indzid) entered (nerd) entertained (enertind) escaped (iskipt) examined (igzmind) excited (iksirid) excused (ikskizd) exercised (ksersaizd) existed (igzstid) expanded (ikspndid) expected (ikspktid) explained (iksplind) exploded (ikspludid) extended (ikstndid) 3 faced (fist) faded (fidid) failed (fild) PARTICIPLE

avergonzar emplear vaciar alentar finalizar disfrutar ingresar entretener huir examinar excitar excusarse ejercitar existir expandir esperar explicar explotar extender ESPAOL enfrentar decolorarse fracasar

fancy (fnsi) fasten (fsen) fax (faks) fear (far) fetch (fech) file (fil) fill (fil) film (film) finish (fnish) fire (fier) fit (fit) fix (fiks) flash (flash) float (flut) flood (flad) flow (flu) flower (fluer) fold (fuld) follow (flou) fool (ful) force (fors) form (form) found (fund) frame (frim)

fancied (fnsid) fastened (fsend) faxed (fakst) feared (fard) fetched (fecht) filed (fild) filled (fild) filmed (filmd) finished (fnisht) fired (fierd) fitted (ftid) fixed (fikst) flashed (flasht) floated (flurid) flooded (fldid) flowed (flud) flowered (fluerd) folded (fuldid) followed (floud) fooled (fuld) forced (forst) formed (formd) founded (fundid) framed (frimd)

fancied (fnsid) fastened (fsend) faxed (kakst) feared (fard) fetched (fecht) filed (fild) filled (fild) filmed (filmd) finished (fnisht) fired (fierd) fitted (ftid) fixed (fikst) flashed (flasht) floated (flurid) flooded (fldid) flowed (flud) flowered (fluerd) folded (fuldid) followed (floud) fooled (fuld) forced (forst) formed (formd) founded (fundid) framed (frimd)

imaginar, desear atar enviar un fax temer ir a buscar archivar llenar filmar terminar disparar, despedir caber, encajar reparar brillar, centellear flotar inundarse fluir, circular florecer doblar seguir, continuar engaar forzar formar fundar enmarcar

frighten (friren) fry (fri) 1 INFINITIVE

frightened (frirend) fried (frid) 2 PAST

frightened (frirend) fried (frid) 3 PARTICIPLE

asustar frer ESPAOL recoger saludar graduarse engrasar gruir adivinar guiar ESPAOL martillar pasar, entregar colgar, ahorcar suceder daar odiar encabezar calentar ayudar cazar, ir de caza esperar con ansiedad abrazar

gather (gder) greet (grit) graduate (grdueit) grease (gris) groan (grun) guess (ges) guide (gid) 1 INFINITIVE

gathered (gderd) greeted (grrid) graduated (grdueirid) greased (grist) groaned (grund) guessed (gest) guided (gidid) 2 PAST

gathered (gderd) greeted (grrid) graduated (grdueirid) greased (grist) groaned (grund) guessed (gest) guided (gidid) 3 PARTICIPLE

hammer (jmer) hand (jand) hang (jang) happen (jpen) harm (jrm) hate (jit) head (jd) heat (jit) help (jelp) hunt (jant) hope (jup) hug (jg)

hammered (jmerd) handed (jndid) hanged (jangd) happened (jpend) harmed (jrmd) hated (jirid) headed (jdid) heated (jrid) helped (jelpt) hunted (jnid) hoped (jupt) hugged (jgd)

hammered (jmerd) handed (jndid) hanged (jangd) happened (jpend) harmed (jrmd) hated (jirid) headed (jdid) heated (jrid) helped (jelpt) hunted (jnid) hoped (jupt) hugged (jgd)

hurry (jri) 1 INFINITIVE

hurried (jrid) 2 PAST

hurried (jrid) 3 PARTICIPLE

apurarse ESPAOL identificar ignorar imaginar impresionar mejorar incluir aumentar influenciar informar inyectar herir, lesionar presentar instruir intentar interesar interferir interrumpir inventar invitar irritar ESPAOL

identify (aidntifai) ignore (ignr) imagine (imdzin) impress (imprs) improve (imprv) include (inkld) increase (inkrs) influence (nfluens) inform (infrm) inject (indzkt) injure (ndzur) introduce (introdis) instruct (instrkt) intend (intnd) interest (ntrest) interfere (interfr) interrupt (interpt) invent (invnt) invite (invit) irritate (riteit) 1 INFINITIVE

identified (aidntifaid) ignored (ignrd) imagined (imdzind) impressed (imprst) improved (imprvd) included (inkldid) increased (inkrst) influenced (nfluenst) informed (infrmd) injected (indzkrid) injured (ndzurd) introduced (introdist) instructed (instrkrid) intended (intndid) interested (ntrestid) interfered (interfrd) interrupted (interptid) invented (invnid) invited (invirid) irritated (riteirid) 2 PAST

identified (aidntifaid) ignored (ignrd) imagined (imdzind) impressed (imprst) improved (imprvd) included (inkldid) increased (inkrst) influenced (nfluenst) informed (infrmd) injected (indzkrid) injured (ndzurd) introduced (introdist) instructed (instrkrid) intended (intndid) interested (ntrestid) interfered (interfrd) interrupted (interptid) invented (invnid) invited (invirid) irritated (riteirid) 3 PARTICIPLE

jail (dzil) join (dzin) joke (dzuk) judge (dzadz) jump (dzamp) 1 kick (kik) kill (kil) kiss (kis) kneel (nil) knit (nit) knock (nok) knot (not) INFINITIVE

jailed (dzild) joined (dzind) joked (dzukt) judged (dzadzd) jumped (dzampt) 2 kicked (kikt) killed (kilt) kissed (kist) kneeled (nild) USA knitted (nltid) knocked (nokt) knotted (ntid) PAST

jailed (dzild) joined (dzind) joked (dzukt) judged (dzadzd) jumped (dzampt) 3 PARTICIPLE

encarcelar unir, juntar bromear juzgar saltar ESPAOL patear matar besar arrodillarse tejer golpear anudar

kicked (kikt) killed (kilt) kissed (kist) kneeled (nild) USA knitted (ntid) knocked (nokt) knotted (ntid)

1 label (libl) land (land) last (last) laugh (laf)

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE etiquetar aterrizar durar rerse lanzar nivelar lamer

ESPAOL

labelled (libld) landed (lndid) lasted (lstid) laughed (laft) launched (loncht) levelled (lveld) licked (likt) lightened (litnd)

labelled (libld) landed (lndid) lasted (lstid) laughed (laft) launched (loncht) levelled (lveld) licked (likt) lightened (litnd)

launch (lonch) level (lvel) lick (lik) lighten (litn)

iluminar, alivianar

like (lik) list (list) listen (lsen) live (liv) load (lud) lock (lok) long (long) look (luk) love (lav) 1 INFINITIVE

liked (likt) listed (lstid) listened (lsend) lived (livd) loaded (ludid) locked (lokt) longed (longd) looked (lukt) loved (lavd) 2 PAST

liked (likt) listed (lstid) listened (lsend) lived (livd) loaded (ludid) locked (lokt) longed (longd) looked (lukt) loved (lavd) 3 PARTICIPLE

gustar listar escuchar vivir cargar cerrar con llave durar mirar amar ESPAOL administrar marchar marcar casarse hacer juego medir derretirse memorizar remendar ordear perder, extraar mezclar mover, mudarse

manage (mnidz) march (march) mark (mark) marry (mri) match (mach) measure (mshar) melt (melt) memorise (mmoraiz) mend (mend) milk (milk) miss (mis) mix (miks) move (muv)

managed (mnidzd) marched (marcht) marked (markt) married (mrid) matched (macht) measured (mshard) melted (mltid) memorised (mmoraizd) mended (mndid) milked (milkt) missed (mist) mixed (mikst) moved (muvd)

managed (mnidzd) marched (marcht) marked (markt) married (mrid) matched (macht) measured (mshard) melted (mltid) memorised (mmoraizd) mended (mndid) milked (milkt) missed (mist) mixed (mikst) moved (muvd)

multiply (mltplai) murder (mrder) 1 nail (nil) name (nim) need (nid) note (nut) notice (nuris) number (nmber) 1 obey (obi) object (obdzkt) observe (obsrv) obtain (obtin) offend (ofnd) offer (fer) open (upen) order (rder) overflow (ouverflu) owe (u) 1 pack (pak) paint (pint) INFINITIVE INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

multiplied (mlt-plid) murdered (mrderd) 2 nailed (nild) named (nimd) needed (ndid) noted (nurid) noticed (nurist) numbered (nmberd) 2 obeyed (obid) objected (obdzktid) observed (obsrvd) obtained (obtind) offended (ofndid) offered (ferd) opened (upend) ordered (rderd) overflowed (ouverflud) owed (ud) 2 packed (pakt) painted (pinid) PAST PAST PAST

multiplied (mlt-plid) murdered (mrderd) 3 PARTICIPLE

multiplicar asesinar ESPAOL clavar nombrar necesitar advertir, fijarse en prestar atencin numerar ESPAOL obedecer objetar observar obtener ofender ofrecer abrir ordenar, pedir inundar adeudar

nailed (nild) named (nimd) needed (ndid) noted (nurid) noticed (nurist) numbered (nmberd) 3 PARTICIPLE

obeyed (obid) objected (obdzktid) observed (obsrvd) obtained (obtind) offended (ofndid) offered (ferd) opened (upend) ordered (rderd) overflowed (ouverflud) owed (ud) 3 PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL empacar pintar

packed (pakt) painted (pinid)

park (park) pass (pas) paste (pist) pat (pat) pause (poz) pedal (pdal) peel (pil) peep (pip) perform (perfrm) phone (fun) pick (pik) plan (plan) plant (plant) place (plis) play (pli) please (pliz) plug (plag) point (pint) polish (plish) possess (poss) post (pust) pour (por) practise (prktis)

parked (parkt) passed (past) pasted (pistid) patted (prid) paused (pozd) pedalled (pdald) peeled (pild) peeped (pipt) performed (perfrmd) phoned (fund) picked (pikt) planned (pland) planted (plnid) placed (plist) played (plid) pleased (plizd) plugged (plagd) pointed (pinid) polished (plisht) possessed (posst) posted (pustid) poured (pord) practised (prktist)

parked (parkt) passed (past) pasted (pistid) patted (prid) paused (pozd) pedalled (pdald) peeled (pild) peeped (pipt) performed (perfrmd) phoned (fund) picked (pikt) planned (pland) planted (plnid) placed (plist) played (plid) pleased (plizd) plugged (plagd) pointed (pinid) polished (plisht) possessed (posst) posted (pustid) poured (pord) practised (prktist)

estacionar pasar, aprobar pegar acariciar detenerse pedalear pelar echar una ojeada ejecutar llamar por telfono recoger, levantar planear, planificar plantar ubicar tocar un instrumento, jugar complacer conectar sealar lustrar poseer enviar por correo derramar practicar

pray (pri) precede (prousd) prefer (prfr) prepare (pripr) present (priznt) press (pres) pretend (pritnd) prevent (privnt) print (print) produce (prods) program (prgram) promise (prmis) protect (protkt) provide (provid) pull (pul) pump (pamp) punish (pnish) push (push) 1 queue (ki) 1 rain (rin) raise (riz) INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

prayed (prid) preceded (prousdid) preferred (prifrd) prepared (priprd) presented (priznid) pressed (prest) pretended (pritnid) prevented (privnid) printed (prnid) produced (prodst) programmed prgramd) promised (prmist) protected (protktid) provided (providid) pulled (puld) pumped (pampt) punished (pnisht) pushed (pusht) 2 queued (kid) 2 rained (rind) raised (rizd) PAST PAST

prayed (prid) preceded (prousdid) preferred (prifrd) prepared (priprd) presented (priznid) pressed (prest) pretended (pritnid) prevented (privnid) printed (prnid) produced (prodst) programmed prgramd) promised (prmist) protected (protktid) provided (providid) pulled (puld) pumped (pampt) punished (pnisht) pushed (pusht) 3 PARTICIPLE

rezar preceder preferir preparar presentar, regalar presionar, apretar fingir impedir imprimir producir programar prometer proteger proveer tirar de bombear castigar empujar ESPAOL hacer cola ESPAOL llover levantar

queued (kid) 3 PARTICIPLE

rained (rind) raised (rizd)

reach (rich) realise (ralaiz) receive (risv) recognise (rkognaiz) record (rikrd) reduce (ridis) reflect (riflkt) refuse (rifiz) regret (rigrt) relax (rilks) release (rils) rely (reli) remain (rimin) remember (rimmber) remind (rimind) remove (rimv) rent (rent) repair (ripr) repeat (ript) replace (riplis) reply (repli) report (riprt) reproduce (riprodis)

reached (richt) realised (ralaizd) received (risvd) recognised (rkognaizd) recorded (rikrdid) reduced (ridist) reflected (riflktid) refused (rifizd) regretted (rigrtid) relaxed (rilkst) released (rilst) relied (relid) remained (rimind) remembered (rimmberd) reminded (rimindid) removed (rimvd) rent (rnid) repaired (riprd) repeated (riprid) replaced (riplist) replied (repldt) reported (riprid) reproduced (riprodist)

reached (richt) realised (ralaizd) received (risvd) recognised (rkognaizd) recorded (rikrdid) reduced (ridist) reflected (riflktid) refused (rifizd) regretted (rigrtid) relaxed (rilkst) released (rilst) relied (relid) remained (rimind) remembered (rimmberd) reminded (rimindid) removed (rimvd) rent (rnid) repaired (riprd) repeated (riprid) replaced (riplist) replied (repldt) reported (riprid) reproduced (riprodist)

alcanzar darse cuenta recibir reconocer grabar reducir reflejar rechazar lamentarse relajarse soltar confiar permanecer recordar acordarse de eliminar alquilar reparar repetir reemplazar responder informar reproducir

request (rikust) rescue (rskiu) retire (ritir) return (ritrn) rhyme (rim) rinse (rins) risk (risk) rob (rb) row (ru) rub (rab) ruin (rin) rule (rul) 1 sack (sak) sail (sil) satisfy (satisfi) save (siv) scream (skrim) screw (skru) seal (sil) search (serch) separate (spareit) serve (serv) INFINITIVE

requested (rikustid) rescued (rskiud) retired (ritird) returned (ritrnd) rhymed (rimd) rinsed (rinst) risked (riskt) robbed (rbd) rowed (rud) rubbed (rbd) ruined (rind) ruled (ruld) 2 sacked (sakt) sailed (sild) satisfied (satisfid) saved (sivd) screamed (skrimd) screwed (skrud) sealed (sild) searched (sercht) separated (spareirid) served (servd) PAST

requested (rikustid) rescued (rskiud) retired (ritird) returned (ritrnd) rhymed (rimd) rinsed (rinst) risked (riskt) robbed (rbd) rowed (rud) rubbed (rbd) ruined (rind) ruled (ruld) 3 PARTICIPLE

solicitar rescatar jubilarse regresar rimar enjuagar arriesgar robar remar frotar arruinar regir, dominar ESPAOL despedir navegar satisfacer salvar, ahorrar, guardar gritar atornillar sellar buscar separar servir

sacked (sakt) sailed (sild) satisfied (satisfid) saved (sivd) screamed (skrimd) screwed (skrud) sealed (sild) searched (sercht) separated (spareirid) served (servd)

settle (setl) share (sher) shave (shiv) shelter (shlter) shop (shop) sigh (si) sign (sin) signal (sgnal) sin (sn) ski (ski) skip (skp) slip (slp) slow (slu) smell (smel) smile (smil) smoke (smuk) sneeze (sniz) snore (snor) snow (snu) soak (suk) sound (sund) spell (spel) spill (spil) spoil (spil)

settled (setld) shared (sherd) shaved (shivd) sheltered (shlterd) shopped (shpt) sighed (sid) signed (sind) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skied (skid) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) slowed (slud) smelled (smeld) smiled (smild) smoked (smukt) sneezed (snizd) snored (snord) snowed (snud) soaked (sukt) sounded (sundid) spelled (speld) spilled (spild) spoiled (spild)

settled (setld) shared (sherd) shaved (shivd) sheltered (shlterd) shopped (shpt) sighed (sid) signed (sind) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skied (skid) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) slowed (slud) smelled (smeld) smiled (smild) smoked (smukt) sneezed (snizd) snored (snord) snowed (snud) soaked (sukt) sounded (sundid) spelled (speld) spilled (spild) spoiled (spild)

establecer compartir afeitarse proteger, resguardar comprar suspirar firmar hacer seales pecar esquiar saltearse deslizarse disminuir la velocidad oler sonrer fumar estornudar roncar nevar empapar sonar deletrear derramar malcriar

spray (spri) start (start) stay (sti) stop (stop) store (stor) stretch (strech) succeed (saksd) suffer (sfer) suggest (sadzst) supply (sapli) support (saprt) suppose (supus) surprise (supriz) surround (surund) suspect (saspkt) suspend (saspnd) switch (such) 1 talk (tok) taste (tist) tease (tiz) telephone (tlefoun) tempt (tempt) INFINITIVE

sprayed (sprid) started (strid) stayed (stid) stopped (stpt) stored (stord) stretched (strecht) succeeded (saksdid) suffered (sferd) suggested (sadzstid) supplied (saplid) supported (saprid) supposed (supust) surprised (suprizd) surrounded (surunid) suspected (saspktid) suspended (saspnid) switched (sucht) 2 talked (tokt) tasted (tsitid) teased (tizd) telephoned (tlefound) tempted (tmptid) PAST

sprayed (sprid) started (strid) stayed (stid) stopped (stpt) stored (stord) stretched (strecht) succeeded (saksdid) suffered (sferd) suggested (sadzstid) supplied (saplid) supported (saprid) supposed (supust) surprised (suprizd) surrounded (surunid) suspected (saspktid) suspended (saspnid) switched (sucht) 3 PARTICIPLE

vaporizar arrancar, comenzar quedarse, permanecer pararse, detenerse almacenar estirar tener xito sufrir sugerir proveer apoyar suponer sorprender rodear sospechar colgar cambiar, enchufar ESPAOL conversar saborear tomar el pelo, atormentar llamar por telfono tentar

talked (tokt) tasted (tistid) teased (tizd) telephoned (tlefound) tempted (tmptid)

terrify (trrifai) test (test) thank (senk) tick (tik) tidy (tidi) tie (ti) tip (tp) touch (tach) tow (tu) trade (trid) train (trin) transport (transprt) travel (trvel) tremble (trembl) trust (trast) try (tri) turn (tern) twist (tust) type (tip) 1 use (iz) 1 INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

terrified (trri-fid) tested (tstid) thanked (senkt) ticked (tikt) tidied (tidid) tied (tid) tipped (tpt) touched (tacht) towed (tud) traded (tridid) trained (trind) transported (transprid) travelled (trveld) trembled (trembld) trusted (trstid) tried (trid) turned (ternd) twisted (tustid) typed (tipt) 2 used (izd) 2 PAST PAST

terrified (trri-fid) tested (tstid) thanked (senkt) ticked (tikt) tidied (tidid) tied (tid) tipped (tpt) touched (tacht) towed (tud) traded (tridid) trained (trind) transported (transprid) travelled (trveld) trembled (trembld) trusted (trstid) tried (trid) turned (ternd) twisted (tustid) typed (tipt) 3 used (izd) 3 PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE

aterrorizar comprobar agradecer tildar, marcar ordenar atar dar propina tocar remolcar comerciar, negociar entrenar transportar viajar temblar confiar tratar, intentar volver, dar vuelta doblar escribir a mquina ESPAOL usar ESPAOL desaparecer

vanish (vnish)

vanished (vnisht)

vanished (vnisht)

visit (vsit) 1 wait (wit) walk (wok) want (wont) warn (worn) wash (wosh) waste (wist) watch (woch) weigh (wi) welcome (wlkam) whisper (wsper) whistle (wisl) wipe (wip) wish (wish) wonder (wnder) work (werk) worry (uri) 1 yawn (in) yell (il) zoom (zum) INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

visited (vsirid) 2 waited (wirid) walked (wokt) wanted (wnid) warned (wornd) washed (wosht) wasted (wistid) watched (wocht) weighed (wirid) welcomed (wlkamd) whispered (wsperd) whistle (wisld) wiped (wipt) wished (wisht) wondered (wnderd) worked (werkt) worried (urid) 2 yawned (ind) yelled (ild) zoomed (zumd) PAST PAST

visited (vsirid) 3 PARTICIPLE

visitar ESPAOL esperar caminar querer advertir lavar gastar, desperdiciar vigilar pesar agradecer, recibir, dar la bienvenida, susurrar silbar limpiar, secar desear imaginarse, preguntarse trabajar preocuparse ESPAOL bostezar gritar pasar muy rpido, acercar

waited (wirid) walked (wokt) wanted (wnid) warned (wornd) washed (wosht) wasted (wistid) watched (wocht) weighed (wirid) welcomed (wlkamd) whispered (wsperd) whistle (wisld) wiped (wipt) wished (wisht) wondered (wnderd) worked (werkt) worried (urid) 3 PARTICIPLE

yawned (ind) yelled (ild) zoomed (zumd)

INFINITIVE

2 abode (abud) arose (arus)

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL tolerar, soportar surgir, plantear despertarse ESPAOL ser, estar golpear, latir, batir llegar a ser comenzar doblarse, inclinarse apostar en algo atar, unir, ligar morder/se sangrar soplar, hacer sonar romper criar, reproducir/se traer construir quemar comprar

abide (abid) arise (aris) awake (auik) 1 INFINITIVE

abode (abud) arisen (arsn) awoke (auuk) 3 been (bin) beaten (bitn) become (bikm) begun (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund) bitten (btn) bled (bled) blown (blun) broken (brukn) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt) bought (bot) PARTICIPLE

awoke (auuk) 2 PAST

be (bi) [am/are/is] beat (bit) become (bikm) begin (bigun) bend (bend) bet (bet) bind (bind) bite (bit) bleed (bl:d) blow (blu) break (brik) breed (br:d) bring (bring) build (bilt) burn (bern) buy (bi)

was/were (us/ur) beat (bit) became (bikim) began (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund) bit (bit) bled (bled) blew (blu) broke (bruk) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt) bought (bot)

1 catch (kach)

INFINITIVE

2 caught (kot) chose (chos) came (kem) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)

PAST

PARTICIPLE agarrar elegir venir costar

ESPAOL

caught (kot) chosen (chsn) come (km) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat) PAST 3 dealt (delt) dug (dag) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank) driven (drvn) PAST 3 eaten (tn) PAST 3 PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE

choose (chus) come (km) cost (kost) creep (kr:p) cut (kat) 1 deal (d:l) dig (dig) do (d) [does] draw (dr:) drink (drink) drive (driv) 1 eat (:t) 1 fall (fol) feed (f:d) feel (f:l) fight (fit) find (find) INFINITIVE INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

arrastrar, deslizarse cortar ESPAOL tratar, ocuparse cavar, excavar hacer dibujar, atraer beber conducir ESPAOL comer ESPAOL caer alimentar sentir luchar, pelear encontrar

2 dealt (delt) dug (dag) did (dd) drew (dr) drank (drnk) drove (druv) 2 ate (et) 2 fell (fel) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fand)

fallen (flen) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fund)

flee (fl:) fling (fln:) fly (fli) forget (forgut) freeze (fr:s) 1 get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grind (grind) grow (gru) 1 hang (jng) have (jev) [have/has] hear (jar) hide (jid) hit (jit) hold (juld) 1 keep (k:p) kneel (n:l) know (nu) INFINITIVE INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

fled (fled) flung (flang) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) froze (frus) 2 got (got) gave (guiv) went (unt) ground (grund) grew (gr) 2 hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hid (jid) hit (jit) held (jeld) 2 kept (kept) knelt (nelt) knew (ni) PAST PAST PAST

fled (fled) flung (flang) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) frozen (frusn) 3 PARTICIPLE

escapar, huir arrojar, lanzar volar olvidar helar, congelar ESPAOL obtener, conseguir dar ir moler cultivar, crecer ESPAOL colgar tener, haber or ocultar, esconder golpear sostener, soportar PARTICIPLE ESPAOL guardar, conservar arrodillarse saber, conocer

got/gotten (got/gotn) given (guvn) gone (gn) ground (grund) grown (grn) 3 hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hidden (jdn) hit (jit) held (jeld) 3 kept (kept) knelt (nelt) known (nun) PARTICIPLE

1 lead (l:d) lend (lend) learn (lrn) leave (l:v) lose (l:s) 1

INFINITIVE

2 led (led) lent (lent) learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost)

PAST

3 led (led) lent (lent)

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL guiar, conducir prestar aprender irse, dejar, partir perder

learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost) PAST 3 PARTICIPLE

INFINITIVE

2 made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

ESPAOL hacer, fabricar significar encontrarse con

make (mik) mean (m:n) meet (m:t) 1 pay (pi) put (put) 1 read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran) 1 say (si) see (s:) seek (s:k) INFINITIVE INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met) PAST 3 paid (ped) put (put) PAST 3 read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran) PAST 3 said (sed) seen (sin) sought (sot) PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE

2 paid (ped) put (put) 2 read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren) 2 said (sed) saw (s:) sought (sot)

ESPAOL pagar poner, colocar ESPAOL leer cabalgar sonar correr ESPAOL decir ver buscar

sell (sel) send (send) shake (shik) shine (shin) shoot (sh:t) show (shu) shrink (shrink) shut (shat) sing (sing) sink (sink) sit (sit) slay (sli) sleep (slp) slide (slid) sling (sling) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) spin (spin) stand (stand) steal (stl) stick (stik) sting (sting)

sold (suld) sent (sent) shook (shuk) shone (shun) shot (shot) showed (shud) shrank (shrenk) shut (shat) sang (seng) sank (senk) sat (sat) slew (sli) slept (slpt) slid (slid) slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stole (stul) stuck (stak) stung (stang)

sold (suld) sent (sent) shaken (shikn) shone (shun) shot (shot) shown (shun) shrunk (shrank) shut (shat) sung (sang) sunk (sank) sat (sat) slain (slin) slept (slpt) slid (slid) slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) stuck (stak) stung (stang)

vender enviar agitar, sacudir brillar, resplandecer pegar un tiro mostrar, demostrar encogerse (tamao) cerrar cantar hundir/se sentar/se asesinar dormir resbalar, deslizar lanzar con fuerza oler hablar gastar, pasar girar, hilar pararse robar pinchar, atascarse picar, arder

stride (strid) strike (strik) strive (striv) swear (sua:) sweep (su:p) swell (sul) swim (sum) 1 take (tik) teach (tch) tear (ta:) tell (tel) think (zink) thrive (zriv) throw (zru) tread (tred) 1 INFINITIVE INFINITIVE

strode (strud) struck (strak) strove (struv) swore (sur) swept (supt) swelled (suld) swam (sum) 2 took (tul) taught (tot) tore (tor) told (told) thought (zot) throve (zruv) threw (zru) trod (trod) 2 understood (anderstd) undertook (andertk) undid (andd) PAST PAST

strode (strud) struck (strak) striven (strvn) sworn (surn) swept (supt) swollen (sulen) swum (sum) 3 PARTICIPLE

dar pasos largos golpear, sonar esforzarse jurar, maldecir barrer hinchar/se nadar ESPAOL tomar, llevar ensear rasgar, arrancar decir, contar pensar, creer crecer, prosperar tirar, arrojar pisar, aplastar ESPAOL entender, comprender comprometerse, emprender deshacer

taken (tikn) taught (tot) torn (torn) told (told) thought (zot) thriven (zrvn) thrown (zrun) trodden (trden) 3 PARTICIPLE

understand (anderstnd) undertake (andertik) undo (and)

understood (anderstd) undertaken (andertikn) undone (andn)

INFINITIVE

PAST

PARTICIPLE

ESPAOL

wake (uik) wear (uar) weave (wv) weep (w:p) win (un) wind (uind) withdraw (uizdr:) wring (ring) write (rit)

woke (uuk) wore (ur) wove (wov) wept (wpt) won (un) wound (uund) withdrew (uizdr) wrung (rang) wrote (rut)

woken (uukn) worn (urn) woven (wven) wept (wpt) won (un) wound (uund) withdrawn (uizdrm) wrung (rang) written (rtn)

despertarse vestir, usar (ropa) tejer llorar ganar serpentear, enrollar retirar/se, extraer retorcer, escurrir escribir

Simple Present What do you do? Qu haces? - What does he do? Qu hace? I, we, you, they he, she, it Affirmative I go You go He goes She goes It goes We go You go They go I don't go You don't go He doesn't go She doesn't go It doesn't go We don't go You don't go They don't go subject + 1 subject + 1 > s Negative Do I go ? Do you go ? Does he go ? Does she go ? Does it go ? Do we go ? Do you go ? Do they go ? subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it) 1 go 2 went 3 gone

Interrogative

Affirmative I go to New York - Voy a New York He goes to New York - El va a New York Negative I don't go to New York - No voy a New York He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York Interrogative Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York ? Does he go to New York ? - Va l a New York ?

subject + don't / doesn't + 1

Do / Does + subject + 1 ?

usos del presente simple Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria). Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario. Hechos o verdades generales. The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste. The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol. Situaciones permanentes. Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton. Primer Condicional.

If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda. expresiones usuales del presente simple often - generally - usually - always - never every day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes

Simple Past What did you do? Qu hiciste? subject + 2 1 go Negative I didn't go You didn't go He didn't go She didn't go It didn't go We didn't go You didn't go They didn't go 2 went 3 gone Interrogative Did I go ? Did you go ? Did he go ? Did she go ? Did it go ? Did we go ? Did you go ? Did they go ? subject + 2

Affirmative I went You went He went She went It went We went You went They went

Affirmative I went to New York - Fui a New York He went to New York - El fue a New York Negative I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York Interrogative Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York ? Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?

subject + didn't + 1

Did + subject + 1 ?

usos del pasado simple Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento y que ya han finalizado. My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada. Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabaj en un banco desde 1995 a 2002. Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia. Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am. Sheila se levant a las 7, desayun, se duch y fue a trabajar a las 9. expresiones usuales del pasado simple yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002 on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year

Simple Present Perfect What have you done? Qu has hecho? subject + have / has + 3 1 go Negative I haven't gone You haven't gone He hasn't gone She hasn't gone It hasn't gone We haven't gone You haven't gone They haven't gone 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I have gone You have gone He has gone She has gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone

Interrogative Have I gone ? Have you gone ? Has he gone ? Has she gone ? Has it gone ? Have we gone ? Have you gone ? Have they gone ?

Affirmative subject + have / has + 3 I have gone to New York - He ido a New York He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + 3 I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + 3 ? Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York ? Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York? usos del presente perfecto simple Por regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente. Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir. The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU. They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot. Con las preposiciones for y since. We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos. I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!! Con los adverbios yet y already. They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an. I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.

Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo. OM Smiles has always been one of the funniest sections in OM Personal. OM Smiles ha sido siempre una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal. Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc. It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United. It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy. expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple since - for - just - ago - lately yet - already - never - ever - recently

Simple Past Perfect What had you done? Qu habas hecho? subject + had + 3 1 go Negative I hadn't gone You hadn't gone He hadn't gone She hadn't gone It hadn't gone We hadn't gone You hadn't gone They hadn't gone 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I had gone You had gone He had gone She had gone It had gone We had gone You had gone They had gone

Interrogative Had I gone ? Had you gone ? Had he gone ? Had she gone ? Had it gone ? Had we gone ? Had you gone ? Had they gone ?

Affirmative subject + had + 3 I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New York He had gone to New York - El haba a New York Negative subject + hadn't + 3 I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New York He hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New York Interrogative Had + subject + 3 ? Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York ? Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York? usos del pasado perfecto simple Accin del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra. Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport. Su vuelo ya haba partido cuando Thelma lleg al aeropuerto. Con el adverbio just para expresar una accin que acaba de ocurrir. When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed. Cuando Oliver llam por telfono, los nios acababan de acostarse. Tercer Condicional. If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.

Simple Future What will you do? Qu hars? subject + will + 1 1 go Negative I won't go You won't go He won't go She won't go It won't go We won't go You won't go They won't go 2 went 3 gone Interrogative Will I go ? Will you go ? Will he go ? Will she go ? Will it go ? Will we go ? Will you go ? Will they go ? subject + will + 1

Affirmative I will go You will go He will go She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go

Affirmative I will go to New York - Ir a New York He will go to New York - El ir a New York Negative I won't go to New York - No ir a New York He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York Interrogative Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York ? Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York ?

subject + won't (will not) + 1

Will + subject + 1 ?

usos del futuro simple Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro. I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugar tenis maana. OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005. Prediccin en el futuro. It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana.

Promesas. "Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem) "Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem) Ofrecimientos.

I will stay with you all night if you really need it. Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas. Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contraccin 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural. We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine. expresiones usuales del futuro simple tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Simple Future Perfect What will you have done? Qu habrs hecho? subject + will have + 3 1 go Negative I will not have gone You will not have gone He will not have gone She will not have gone It will not have gone We will not have gone You will not have gone They will not have gone 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I will have gone You will have gone He will have gone She will have gone It will have gone We will have gone You will have gone They will have gone

Interrogative Will I have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will he have gone ? Will she have gone ? Will it have gone ? Will we have gone ? Will you have gone ? Will they have gone ?

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T Affirmative subject + will have + 3 I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New York Negative subject + won't have + 3 I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New York He won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have + 3 ? Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ? Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York? usos del futuro perfecto Acciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado. By tomorrow I will have finished my book. Para maana, habr terminado este libro. Before winter, you will have sold your old car. Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil. Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast. Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno. We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!! No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!! expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto

by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010 by next week - by next month - by next year

Simple Conditional What would you do? Qu haras? subject + would + 1 1 go Negative I wouldn't go You wouldn't go He wouldn't go She wouldn't go It wouldn't go We wouldn't go You wouldn't go They wouldn't go 2 went 3 gone Interrogative Would I go ? Would you go ? Would he go ? Would she go ? Would it go ? Would we go ? Would you go ? Would they go ? subject + would + 1

Affirmative I would go You would go He would go She would go It would go We would go You would go They would go

Affirmative I would go to New York - Yo ira a New York He would go to New York - El ira a New York Negative I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no ira a New York He wouldn't go to New York - El no ira a New York Interrogative Would I go to New York ? - Ira yo a New York ? Would he go to New York ? - Ira l a New York ?

subject + wouldn't + 1

Would + subject + 1 ?

usos del condicional simple Comentarios acerca de algo que no es real en el presente pero que puede ser posible. I would visit her if I had time. (I haven't got time but I might have some time) Yo la visitara si tuviese tiempo. (Realmente no tengo tiempo pero podra tenerlo) Comentarios acerca de una situacin que no es real en estos momentos y que nunca podra serlo. If I were you, I would give up smoking. (but I could never be you). Si estuviera en tu lugar, dejara el cigarrillo. (pero nunca podra estar en tu lugar) Segundo Condicional (Condicional tipo II). If I were a plant, I would love the rain.

Si fuera un rbol, me encantara la lluvia. If you really loved me, you would buy me a Mercedes XL600. Si realmente me amaras, me compraras un Mercedes XL600. Would your father go to see the match if I gave him a free ticket? Ira tu padre a ver el partido si le diese una entrada gratis? expresiones usuales del condicional simple If I were ... - If she were ... Simple Conditional Perfect What would you have done? Qu habras hecho? subject + would have + 3 1 go Negative I wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone He wouldn't have gone She wouldn't have gone It wouldn't have gone We wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone They wouldn't have gone 2 went 3 gone

Affirmative I would have gone You would have gone He would have gone She would have gone It would have gone We would have gone You would have gone They would have gone

Interrogative Would I have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would he have gone ? Would she have gone ? Would it have gone ? Would we have gone ? Would you have gone ? Would they have gone ?

Affirmative subject + would have + 3 I would have gone to New York - Yo habra ido a New York He would have gone to New York - El habra ido a New York Negative subject + wouldn't have + 3 I wouldn't have gone to New York - Yo no habra ido a New York He wouldn't have gone to New York - El no habra ido a New York Interrogative Would + subject + have 3 ? Would I have gone to New York? - Habra ido yo a New York ? Would he have gone to New York? - Habra ido l a New York? usos del condicional perfecto simple Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III. If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. If she had studied at OM Personal, she would have passed her FCE examination. Si hubiese estudiado en OM Personal, habra aprobado su examen de First Certificate.

If I had known that Buenos Aires was so cheap, I would have gone there. Si hubiese sabido que Buenos Aires es tan barato, habra ido all. expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto simple if I had ... - if I were ... - if he were ...

Simple Modals What (can/could) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (may/might) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (must/should) you do? Qu (debes/deberas) hacer? subject + modal + 1 1 go Negative I can't go I couldn't go I may not go I might not go I mustn't go I shouldn't go 2 went 3 gone Interrogative Can I go ? Could I go ? May I go ? Might I go ? Must I go ? Should I go ?

Affirmative I can go I could go I may go I might go I must go I should go

Affirmative subject + modal + 1 I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento) I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa) I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso) I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad) I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin) I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo) Negative subject + modal + not + 1 I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New York I may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New York Interrogative modal + subject + 1 ? Can I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Could I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? May I go to New York ? - Puedo ir a New York ? Might I go to New York ? - Podra ir a New York ? Must I go to New York ? - Debo ir a New York ?

Should I go to New York ? - Debera ir a New York ?

1. Algo que, al principio, le resulta difcil de entender a todo estudiante es que, en castellano, el infinitivo de los verbos tiene tres terminaciones: ar (cantar), er (beber) e ir (dormir). Ms adelante observars que los verbos ingleses tienen gran variedad de terminaciones. Por ese motivo -con el nico objetivo de unificacin- a los verbos en ingls se les antepone la preposicin to para indicar que estn "en infinitivo" (ejemplo, to be = ser o estar). 2. En ingls el verbo viene siempre precedido por el pronombre personal (sujeto de la oracin). En castellano no ocurre lo mismo: al comenzar una oracin podemos decir soy, estoy (sujeto tcito o implcito) en reemplazo de yo soy, yo estoy. Cabe insistir que, en ingls, el pronombre I (yo) se escribe siempre con mayscula, ya sea que se encuentre al principio o en el medio de una oracin. 3. Cuando tener en espaol expresa sentir, en ingls no se usa el verbo to have sino el verbo to be + adjetivo, mientras que en castellano usamos el verbo "tener" + sustantivo: I'm very hungry. Tengo mucha hambre; To be hot (cold, thirsty, frightened). Tener calor (fro, sed, miedo); To be careful. Tener cuidado. Verb "to be" Verbo "ser - estar" (Presente) POSITIVE AFIRMATIVO ENGLISH ESPAOL Normal Contracted Normal Contraccin I am I'm Yo soy, estoy Soy, Estoy You are You're T eres, ests Eres, Ests He is He's El es, est Es, Est (para El) She is She's Ella es, est Es, Est (para Ella) It is It's El/Ella es, est Es, Est (para El o Ella) We are We're Nosotros/as somos, estamos Somos, Estamos You are You're Vosotros sis/estis (*) Sis/Estis (*) Ustedes son/estn (**) Son/Estn (**) They are They're Ellos/as son, estn Son, Estn (para Ellos o Ellas) (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVO ENGLISH Normal Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are Contracted Normal Soy/Estoy yo? Eres/Ests t? ESPAOL Contraccin Soy/Estoy? Eres/Ests?

Es/Est l? Es/Est? (El) Es/Est ella? Es/Est? (Ella) Es/Esta l? Es/Est ella? Es/Est? (El o Ella) Somos/Estamos nosotros? Somos/Estamos? Sis/Estis vosotros? (*) Son/Estn ustedes? (**) Son/Estn ellos/as? Sis/Estis? (*) Son/Estn? (**) Son/Estn? (Ellos o Ellas)

they? (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. NEGATIVE NEGATIVO ENGLISH ESPAOL Normal Contracted Normal Contraccin I am not I'm not Yo no soy/estoy No soy/estoy You are You're not T no eres/ests No eres/ests not You aren't He is not He's not El no es/est No es/est He isn't (para El) She is not She's not Ella no es/est No es/est She isn't (para Ella) It is not It's not El/Ella no es/est No es/est It isn't (para El o Ella) We are We're not Nosotros/as no somos No somos not We aren't Nosotros/as no estamos No estamos You are You're not Vosotros no sis/estis (*) No sis/estis (*) not You aren't Ustedes no son/estn (**) No son/estn (**) They are They're not Ellos/as no son/estn No son/estn not They aren't (para Ellos o Ellas) (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina.

1. Algo que, al principio, le resulta difcil de entender a todo estudiante es que, en castellano, el infinitivo de los verbos tiene tres terminaciones: ar (cantar), er (beber) e ir (dormir). Ms adelante observars que los verbos ingleses tienen gran variedad de terminaciones. Por ese motivo -con el nico objetivo de unificacin- a los verbos en ingls se les antepone la preposicin to para indicar que estn "en infinitivo" (ejemplo, to have = tener o haber). 2. En ingls el verbo viene siempre precedido por el pronombre personal (sujeto de la oracin). En castellano no ocurre lo mismo: al comenzar una oracin podemos decir soy, estoy (sujeto tcito o implcito) en reemplazo de yo soy, yo estoy. Cabe insistir que, en ingls, el pronombre I (yo) se escribe siempre con mayscula, ya sea que se encuentre al principio o en el medio de una oracin. 3. Como vers aqu abajo, hemos traducido al verbo to have con sus dos significados: tener y haber. Con el primero (tener) no existen dificultades porque decir I have (yo tengo) tiene sentido completo. Sin embargo, con la segunda traduccin (haber), al expresar I have (yo he) este verbo tiene sentido incompleto en espaol. Para completar esa traduccin, se necesita agregar un segundo verbo en participio pasado, gramtica que analizars cuando estudies los tiempos perfectos: Ejemplo: I have gone (Yo he ido). Verb "to have" Verbo "tener - haber" (Presente) POSITIVE AFIRMATIVO ENGLISH ESPAOL Normal Contracted Normal Contraccin I have I've Yo tengo, he Tengo, He You have You've T tienes, has Tienes, Has He has He's El tiene, ha Tiene, Ha (para El) She has She's Ella tiene, ha Tiene, Ha (para Ella) It has It's El/Ella tiene, ha Tiene, Ha (para El o Ella) We have We've Nosotros/as tenemos, hemos Tenemos, Hemos You have You've Vosotros tenis/habis (*) Tenis/Habis (*) Ustedes tienen/han (**) Tienen/Han (**) They have They've Ellos/as tienen, han Tienen, Han (para Ellos o Ellas) (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVO ENGLISH Normal Have I? Have you? Has he? Has she? Has it? Have we? Have you? Have they? Contracted Normal Tengo/He yo? Tengo/He? ESPAOL Contraccin

Tienes/Has t? Tienes/Has? Tiene/Ha l? Tiene/Ha? (El) Tiene/Ha ella? Tiene/Ha? (Ella) Tiene/Ha l/ella? Tiene/Ha? (El/Ella) Tenemos/Hemos nosotros? Tenemos/Hemos? Tenis/habis vosotros? (*) Tenis/habis? (*) Tienen/Han ustedes? (**) Tienen/Han? (**) Tienen/Han ellos/as? Tienen/Han? (Ellos o Ellas)

(*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. NEGATIVE NEGATIVO ENGLISH ESPAOL Normal Contracted Normal Contraccin I have not I've not Yo no tengo, no he No tengo, no he I haven't You have not You've not T no tienes, no has No tienes, no has You haven't He has not He's not El no tiene, no ha No tiene, no ha (El) He hasn't She has not She's not Ella no tiene, no ha No tiene, no ha (Ella) She hasn't It has not It's not El/Ella no tiene, no ha No tiene, no ha (El/Ella) It hasn't We have not We've not Nosotros/as no tenemos No tenemos We haven't Nosotros/as no hemos No hemos You have not You've not Vosotros no tenis/no habis (*) No tenis/no habis (*) You haven't Ustedes no tienen/no han (**) No tienen/no han (**) They have They've not Ellos/Ellas no tienen No tienen (Ellos/Ellas) not They haven't Ellos/Ellas no han No han (Ellos/Ellas) (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. Verb "to have" Verbo "tener - haber" (Pasado) POSITIVE AFIRMATIVO Como verbo TENER Como verbo HABER ENGLISH ESPAOL ENGLISH ESPAOL I had Yo tuve/tena I had Yo haba You had T tuviste/tenas You had T habas He had El tuvo/tena He had El haba She had Ella tuvo/tena She had Ella haba It had El/Ella tuvo/tena It had El/Ella haba We had Nosotros/as tuvimos/tenamos We had Nosotros/as habamos You had Vosotros tuvisteis/tenais (*) You had Vosotros habais (*) Ustedes tuvieron/tenan (**) Ustedes haban (**) They had Ellos/as tuvieron/tenan They had Ellos/as haban (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVO Como verbo TENER Como verbo HABER ENGLISH ESPAOL ENGLISH ESPAOL Had I? Tuve/Tena yo? Had I? Haba yo? Had you? Had he? Tuviste/Tenas t? Tuvo/Tena l? Had you? Had he? Habas t? Haba l?

Tuvo/Tena ella? Had she? Haba ella? Tuvo/Tena l/ella? Had it? Haba l/ella? Tuvimos nosotros/as? Had we? Habamos nosotros/as? Tuvisteis vosotros? (*) Had you? Habais vosotros? (*) Tenais vosotros? (*) Haban ustedes? (**) Tuvieron ustedes? (**) Had they? Tuvieron ellos/ellas? Had they? Haban ellos/ellas? Tenan ellos/ellas? (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. NEGATIVE NEGATIVO Como verbo TENER o HABER ENGLISH ESPAOL Normal Contracted Normal Contraccin I had not I hadn't Yo no tuve/no tena No tuve/no tena Yo no haba No haba You had not You hadn't T no tuviste/no tenas No tuviste/no tenas T no habas No habas He had not He hadn't El no tuvo/no tena No tuvo/no tena (El) El no haba No haba (El) She had not She hadn't Ella no tuvo/no tena No tuvo/no tena (Ella) Ella no haba No haba (Ella) It had not It hadn't El/Ella no tuvo/no tena No tuvo/no tena (El/Ella) El/Ella no haba No haba (El/Ella) We had not We hadn't Nosotros/as no tuvimos No tuvimos Nosotros/as no tenamos No tenamos Nosotros/as no habamos No habamos You had not You hadn't Vosotros no tuvisteis (*) No tuvisteis (*) Vosotros no tenais (*) No tenais (*) Ustedes no tuvieron (**) No tuvieron (**) Ustedes no tenan (**) No tenan (**) Vosotros no habais (*) No habais (*) Ustedes no haban (**) No haban (**) They had not They hadn't Ellos/as no tuvieron No tuvieron (Ellos/Ellas) Ellos/Ellas no tenan No tenan (Ellos/Ellas) Ellos/Ellas no haban No haban (Ellos/Ellas)

Had she? Had it? Had we? Had you?

Progressive Present What are you doing? Qu ests haciendo? subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I am going You are going He is going She is going It is going We are going You are going They are going Negative I am not going You are not going He is not going She is not going It is not going We are not going You are not going They are not going Interrogative Am I going ? Are you going ? Is he going ? Is she going ? Is it going ? Are we going ? Are you going ? Are they going ?

Affirmative subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing" I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New York He is going to New York - El est yendo a New York Negative subject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing" I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New York He is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New York Interrogative Am/Is/Are + subject + 1 > "ing" ? Am I going to New York ? - Estoy yendo a New York ? Is he going to New York ? - Est l yendo a New York ? usos del presente continuo Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar. Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora. My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora. Planes futuros que han sido confirmados. The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche. They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana. Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que se ha tomado una resolucin firme.

I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week. Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana. Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always. Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces. He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos. verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo know - like - want - love - hate - need expresiones usuales del presente continuo the next - at moment - now - in this week on Sunday - this evening - tomorrow

Progressive Past What were you doing? Qu estabas (estuviste) haciendo? subject + was/were + 1 >ing 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I was going You were going He was going She was going It was going We were going You were going They were going Negative I was not going You were not going He was not going She was not going It was not going We were not going You were not going They were not going Interrogative Was I going ? Were you going ? Was he going ? Was she going ? Was it going ? Were we going ? Were you going ? Were they going ?

Affirmative subject + was/were + 1 > "ing" I was going to New York - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were going to New York - Ud. estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Negative subject + was/were + not + 1 > "ing" I was not going to New York - No estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were not going to New York - Ud. no estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Interrogative Was/Were + subject + 1 > "ing" ? Was I going to New York ? - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York ? Were you going to New York ? - Estaba (estuvo) Ud. yendo a New York ? usos del pasado continuo Actividades que ocurran en determinado momento del pasado y que continuaron despus. At 11 am I was preparing our lunch. A las 11 estaba preparando nuestro almuerzo. Actividades interrumpidas por acciones ms cortas. While my friend was taking a shower, the telephone rang. Mientras mi amiga estaba duchndose, son el telfono. While Martha was listening to music, her brother did his homework.

Mientras Martha escuchaba msica, su hermano hizo sus deberes Acciones simultneas (ambas en presente continuo). The kids were running and their grandfather was reading an old paper. Los nios estaban corriendo y su abuelo estaba leyendo un antiguo peridico.

Progressive Present Perfect What have you been doing? Qu has estado haciendo? subject + have / has + been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went Interrogative Have I been going ? Have you been going ? Has he been going ? Has she been going ? Has it been going ? Have we been going ? Have you been going ? Have they been going ? 3 gone

Affirmative I have been going You have been going He has been going She has been going It has been going We have been going You have been going They have been going

Negative I haven't been going You haven't been going He hasn't been going She hasn't been going It hasn't been going We haven't been going You haven't been going They haven't been going

Affirmative subject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing" I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New York He has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing" I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New York He hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New York Interrogative Have / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York ? Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York? usos del presente perfecto continuo Actividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en el presente y resaltan la duracin del proceso. Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years. Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos. Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haber finalizado recientemente y resaltan la duracin del proceso. The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night. El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche. Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado es evidente. Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake? Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?

Progressive Past Perfect What had you been doing? Qu habas estado haciendo? subject + had + been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went Interrogative Had I been going ? Had you been going ? Had he been going ? Had she been going ? Had it been going ? Had we been going ? Had you been going ? Had they been going ? 3 gone

Affirmative I had been going You had been going He had been going She had been going It had been going We had been going You had been going They had been going

Negative I hadn't been going You hadn't been going He hadn't been going She hadn't been going It hadn't been going We hadn't been going You hadn't been going They hadn't been going

Affirmative subject + had + been + 1 > "ing" I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York Negative subject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing" I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York Interrogative Had + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York ? Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York? usos del pasado perfecto continuo Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra. I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day. Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da. Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up. Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar. The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a terrible storm began. El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.

Progressive Future What will you be doing? Qu estars haciendo? subject + will be + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I will be going You will be going He will be going She will be going It will be going We will be going You will be going They will be going Negative I will not be going You will not be going He will not be going She will not be going It will not be going We will not be going You will not be going They will not be going Interrogative Will I be going ? Will you be going ? Will he be going ? Will she be going ? Will it be going ? Will we be going ? Will you be going ? Will they be going ?

Affirmative subject + will be + 1 > "ing" I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New York He will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing" I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New York He won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York ? Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York ? usos del futuro continuo Acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momento del tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. No siempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro. We will be watching TV. Estaremos viendo televisin. Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin. She will be visiting me. Me estar visitando. She will be visiting me on Sunday. Me estar visitando el domingo. expresiones usuales del futuro continuo

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year

Progressive Future Perfect What will you have been doing? Qu habrs estado haciendo? subject + will have been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I will have been going You will have been going He will have been going She will have been going It will have been going We will have been going You will have been going They will have been going Negative I will not have been going You will not have been going He will not have been going She will not have been going It will not have been going We will not have been going You will not have been going Interrogative Will I have been going ? Will you have been going ? Will he have been going ? Will she have been going ? Will it have been going ? Will we have been going ? Will you have been going ?

They will not have been going Will they have been going ?

Affirmative subject + will have been + 1 > "ing" I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New York He will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing" I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New York He won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Will I have been going to New York ? - Habr estado yendo a New York ? Will he have been going to New York ? - Habr l estado yendo a New York ? usos del futuro perfecto continuo Acontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo de tiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puede ser incompleto. I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm. Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche. By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learning American English for six months. Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo Ings Americano durante seis meses.

By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century. Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo. expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...

Progressive Conditional What would you be doing? Qu estaras haciendo? subject + would be + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I would be going You would be going He would be going She would be going It would be going We would be going You would be going They would be going Negative I would not be going You would not be going He would not be going She would not be going It would not be going We would not be going You would not be going They would not be going Interrogative Would I be going ? Would you be going ? Would he be going ? Would she be going ? Would it be going ? Would we be going ? Would you be going ? Would they be going ?

Affirmative subject + would be + 1 > "ing" I would be going to New York - Yo estara yendo a New York He would be going to New York - El estara yendo a New York Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) be + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't be going to New York - Yo no estara yendo a New York He wouldn't be going to New York - El no estara yendo a New York Interrogative Would + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Would I be going to New York ? - Estara yo yendo a New York ? Would he be going to New York ? - Estara l yendo a New York ? usos del condicional continuo Hechos o situaciones incompletas o contnuas, probablemente como resultado de una condicin irreal. I would be working in New York by now if I spoke American English. (but I don't speak American English at all, so I am not working in New York). Estara trabajando en Nueva York en estos momentos si hablara Ingls Americano. (pero no hablo Ingls Americano, por lo tanto no estoy trabajando en Nueva York). Mabel would be living with Fernando if she wasn't living with her parents. (but Mabel is living with her parents, so she's not living with him).

Mabel estara viviendo con Fernando si ella no estuviese viviendo con sus padres. (pero Mabel est viviendo con sus padres, por lo tanto no est viviendo con l). I wouldn't be eating this horrible cake if I wasn't extremely hungry. (but I'm starvng now, so I'm eating it). No estara comiendo esta espantosa torta si no tuviese tanto apetito. (pero me estoy muriendo de hambre, por lo tanto la estoy comiendo). expresiones usuales del condicional continuo If I had... I would... - I wouldn't... if I had...

Progressive Conditional Perfect What would you have been doing? Qu habras estado haciendo? subject + would have been + 1 > "ing" 1 go 2 went 3 gone

...ing (...ando, ...endo) Affirmative I would have been going You would have been going Negative I would not have been going You would not have been going She would not have been going It would not have been going We would not have been going You would not have been going They would not have been going Interrogative Would I have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would she have been going ? Would it have been going ? Would we have been going ? Would you have been going ? Would they have been going ?

He would have been going He would not have been going Would he have been going ? She would have been going It would have been going We would have been going You would have been going They would have been going

Affirmative subject + would have been + 1 > "ing" I would have been going to New York - Yo habra estado yendo a N.Y. He would have been going to New York - El habra estado yendo a N.Y. Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) have been + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't have been going to New York - No habra estado yendo a N.Y. He wouldn't have been going to New York - El no habra estado yendo a N.Y. Interrogative Would + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Would I have been going to New York ? - Habra yo estado yendo a N.Y. ? Would he have been going to New York ? - Habra l estado yendo a N.Y. ? usos del condicional perfecto continuo Este tiempo verbal hace referencia al resultado incompleto de la accin de la clusula if y expresa este resultado como una accin continua o no finalizada. Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.

If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), my sister-in-law would have been sitting in the garden when I arrived (but she wasn't and so I didn't see her). Si el tiempo hubiese estado mejor (pero no fue as), mi cuada habra estado sentada en el jardn cuando yo llegu (pero no lo estaba y, por lo tanto, no la v). If the youngsters had known it was dangerous, they would not have been climbing such a mountain. Si los jvenes hubiesen sabido que era peligroso, no habran estado escalando semejante montaa. If I had had more money, I would have been travelling all around Europe with my friends that summer. Si hubiese tenido ms dinero, habra estado recorriendo toda Europa con mis amigos ese verano. expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto continuo if I had had ... - if he had known ...

Progressive Modals What (can/could) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (may/might) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (must/should) you be doing? Qu (debes/deberas) estar haciendo? subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing" 1 go Negative I can't be going I couldn't be going I may not be going I might not be going I mustn't be going I shouldn't be going 2 went 3 gone Interrogative Can I be going ? Could I be going ? May I be going ? Might I be going ? Must I be going ? Should I be going ?

Affirmative I can be going I could be going I may be going I might be going I must be going I should be going

ffirmative subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing" I can be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (posib. fsica, conocimiento) I could be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (alternativa) I may be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (permiso) I might be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (posibilidad) I must be going to New York - Debo estar yendo a NY (obligacin) I should be going to New York - Debera estar yendo a NY (oblig. moral, consejo)

Negative subject + modal + not be + 1 > "ing" I can't be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I couldn't be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I may not be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I might not be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I mustn't be going to New York - No debo estar yendo a NY I shouldn't be going to New York - No debera estar yendo a NY Interrogative modal + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Can I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY ? Could I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? May I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY? Might I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY ? Must I be going to New York ? - Debo estar yendo a NY ? Should I be going to New York ? - Debera estar yendo a NY ?

TRATA DE RECORDAR LO SIGUIENTE ... El pasado del verbo to be no tiene formas contractas o reducidas para el afirmativo. Es decir, no puedes decir I's como reduccin de I was o You're en lugar de You were. En cambio, puedes usar contracciones en el negativo: I WASN'T en reemplazo de I was not y YOU WEREN'T en lugar de You were not. IMPORTANTE: I WAS significa tanto YO FUI (del verbo SER, no de IR) como YO ERA lo cual suele confundir a muchos estudiantes hispanohablantes. Observa estos ejemplos: All his life he WAS a teacher. Toda su vida l FUE maestro. << aqu FUE no deriva del verbo IR (decir: "Toda su vida l ERA maestro" es incorrecto en espaol). My grandfather WAS Italian. Mi abuelo ERA italiano. << aqui queda mejor usar ERA que FUE. ABAJO TIENES EL VERBO "TO BE" EN PASADO SIMPLE. Verb "to be" Verbo "ser - estar" (Pasado) POSITIVE AFIRMATIVO Como verbo SER Como verbo ESTAR ENGLISH ESPAOL ENGLISH ESPAOL I was Yo era/fui I was Yo estaba/estuve You were T eras/fuiste You were T estabas/estuviste Usted era/fue Usted estaba/estuvo He was l era/fue He was l estaba/estuvo She was Ella era/fue She was Ella estaba/estuvo It was l/Ella era/fue It was l/Ella estaba/estuvo We were Nosotros ramos We were Nosotros estbamos Nosotros fuimos Nosotros estuvimos You were Vosotros rais/fuisteis (*) You were Vosotros estbais/estuvisteis (*) Ustedes eran (**) Ustedes estaban (**) Ustedes fueron (**) Ustedes estuvieron (**) They were Ellos/as eran/fueron They were Ellos/as estaban/estuvieron (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVO Como verbo SER Como verbo ESTAR ENGLISH ESPAOL ENGLISH ESPAOL Was I? Era yo? Fui yo? Was I? Estaba yo? Estuve yo? Were you? Eras t? Fuiste t? Were you? Estabas t? Estuviste t? Era usted? Fue usted? Estaba usted? Estuvo usted? Was he? Era l? Fue l? Was he? Estaba l? Estuvo l? Was she? Era ella? Fue ella? Was she? Estaba ella? Estuvo ella? Was it? Era l (ella)? Was it? Estaba l (ella)? Fue l (ella)? Estuvo l (ella)? Were we? ramos nosotros? Were we? stbamos nosotros? Fuimos nosotros? Estuvimos nosotros?

rais/Fuisteis vosotros? (*) Were you? Estbais vosotros? (*) Eran/Fueron ustedes? (**) Estaban/Estuvieron ustedes? (**) Were they? Eran ellos? Fueron ellos? Were they? Estaban ellos? Estuvieron ellos? (*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utilizado en Amrica Latina. NEGATIVE NEGATIVO Como verbo SER o ESTAR ENGLISH ESPAOL Normal Contracted Normal Contraccin I was not I wasn't Yo no era/no fui No era/No fui Yo no estaba/no estuve No estaba/No estuve You were not You weren't T no eras/no fuiste No eras/No fuiste Usted no era/no fue No era/No fue T no estabas/no estuviste No estabas/No estuviste Usted no estaba/no estuvo No estaba/No estuvo He was not He wasn't l no era/no fue No era/No fue l no estaba/no estuvo No estaba/No estuvo She was not She wasn't Ella no era/no fue No era/No fue Ella no estaba/no estuvo No estaba/No estuvo It was not It wasn't l/Ella no era/no fue No era/No fue l/Ella no estaba/no estuvo No estaba/No estuvo We were not We weren't Nosotros no ramos No ramos Nosotros no fuimos No fuimos Nosotros no estbamos No estbamos Nosotros no estuvimos No estuvimos You were not You weren't Vosotros no rais (*) No rais (*) Vosotros no fuisteis (*) No fuisteis (*) Ustedes no eran (**) No eran (**) Ustedes no fueron (**) No fueron (**) Vosotros no estbais (*) No estbais (*) Vosotros no estuvisteis (*) No estuvisteis (*) Ustedes no estaban (**) No estaban (**) Ustedes no estuvieron (**) No estuvieron (**) They were not They weren't Ellos/as no eran/no fueron No eran/no fueron Ellos/as no estaban /no No estaban /no estuvieron estuvieron

Were you?

En ingls existen dos formas para expresar tener en tiempo presente: to have got y to have. a) To have es ms frecuente en ingls americano y necesita un auxiliar en oraciones negativas e interrogativas: Do you have any brothers or sisters?Tienes hermanos?; He doesn't have any money. No tiene dinero. b) To have got es ms frecuente en ingls britnico y no necesita un auxiliar en oraciones negativas e interrogativas: Have you got any brothers or sisters? Tienes hermanos?; He hasn't got any money. No tiene dinero. NOTA: En los dems tiempos verbales se utiliza to have: I had a blue bike when I was a kid. Cuando era nio tuve una bicicleta azul. Verb "to have" (otros usos) 1. OBLIGACION. Have + infinitivo se usa para expresar obligacin en presente y significa casi lo mismo que must (deber). I have to go = I must go. Tengo que ir = Debo ir. Had + infinitivo se usa para expresar obligacin en pasado y se considera la forma en pasado de must (deber) que no tiene una forma propia para el pasado. I had to buy a sweater. Tuve que (Deb) comprar un pulver. NOTA: Cuando el verbo have expresa obligacin va siempre seguido del "to" infinitivo. Por ello, a fin de que los estudiantes lo recuerden, los profesores solemos referirnos a este verbo como have to y no simplemente have. 2. COMIDAS. El verbo have se usa tambin para indicar: a) tomar comidas: to have breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner; desayunar, almorzar, merendar, cenar. b) invitar y celebrar fiestas: to have a party; dar una fiesta. 3. MANDAR A HACER ALGO POR OTRA PERSONA. En este caso la estructura verbal utilizada es have + something + done. En lugar de decir, I asked my hair stylist to cut my hair; Le ped a mi peluquero que me corte el pelo, puedes abreviar diciendo I had my hair cut; Me cort el pelo o Me hice cortar el pelo (porque, a decir verdad, no fuiste t sino un tercero quien te lo cort). Otro ejemplo: Sheila had my bag stolen; A Sheila le robaron la cartera. Existen algunas otras alternativas de cmo usar have que irs aprendiendo progresivamente en nuestros cursos.

ENLACES UTILES El verbo

Frutas y Frutos secos Espaol Aguacate Albaricoque Almendras Anacardo Arndano Avellanas Cacahuetes Castaas Cereza Ciruela Coco Dtiles Frambuesa Fresa Granada Grosella Gros.Roja Gros.Negra Higo INGLS Avocado Apricot Almonds Cashew Blueberry Hazelnuts Peanuts Chestnuts Cherry Plum Coconut Dates Raspberry Strawberry Pomegranate Currant Redcurrant Blackcurrant Fig Se lee / avokdou / / iprikot / / lmonds / / ksiu / / bl:beri / / jiselnots / / pnats / / chstnats / / chri / / plam / / kkonat / / dits / / rspbri / / strberi / / pmegrneit / / crant / / redcrant / / blackcrant / / fig /

Lima

Lime

/ lim /

Espaol Limn Mandarina Mango Manzana Melocotn Meln Membrillo Naranja Nectarina Nspero Nueces Papaya Pasa Pera Pia Pltano Pomelo Sanda

INGLS Lemon Tangerine Mango Apple Peach Melon Quince Orange Nectarine Medlar Walnuts Pawpaw Raisin Pear Pineapple Banana Grapefruit Watermelon

Se lee / lmon / / tnyarin / / mngou / / pel / / pich / / mlon / / kunz / / rendch / / nktari:n / / mdlar / / ulnts / / pupou / / reisin / / par / / pinpel / / benna / / gripfrut / / utermlon /

Uvas Zarzamora

Grapes Blackberry Verduras

/ grips / / blkbri /

Espaol Ajo Alcachofa Apio Berenjena Berros Brcoli Calabaza Cebollas Col/Repollo Coliflor Esprragos Espinaca

INGLS Garlic Artichoke Celery Eggplant Watercress Broccoli Pumpkin Onions Cabbage Cauliflower Asparagus Spinach

Se lee / g:*lic / / rtisouk / / sleri / / gplant / / ute*kres / / brkeli / / pmkin / / :nions / / kbich / / kouliflua* / / espragos / / spnach /

Espaol Habas Lechuga Maz

INGLS Beans Lettuce Corn

Se lee / bi:ns / / ltis/ / ko:*n /

Nabo Patatas Pepinos Pimiento Rbanos Remolacha Seta Tomates Zanahoria

Turnip Potatoes Cucumbers Pepper Radishes Beet Mushroom Tomatoes Carrot

/ trnap / / potitous / / kikenbe*s / / ppe* / / rdisis / / bi:t / / msrum / / tomitous / / crot /