Offshore Constructions

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Offshore construction is the installation of structures and pipelines in a marine environment for the production and transmission of oil and gas. Construction in the offshore environment is a dangerous activity and where possible the construction is modular in nature with the individual modules being assembled onshore and using a crane vessel to lift the modules into place. Oil platforms are key fixed installations from which drilling and production activity is carried out. Drilling rigs are either floating vessels for deeper water or jack-up designs which is a barge with lift able legs. Both of these types of vessel are constructed in marine yards but are often involved during the construction phase to pre-drill some production wells. Specialist floating hotel vessels known as floats are used to accommodate workers during the construction and hook-up phases. Other key factors in offshore construction are the weather window which defines periods of relatively light weather during which continuous construction or other offshore activity can take place. Safety is another key construction parameter, the main hazard obviously being a fall into the sea from which speedy recovery in cold waters is essential. The Offshore Construction is a major field of operation in the Oil and Gas industry, there are many people involved in accurate surface and subsurface positioning aspects. It will provide people with the solid basic knowledge of the associated terminology, equipment and techniques used in the offshore construction industry. The course guides you sequentially through all aspects of various example construction projects whilst covering also project procedures, HSE, and
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OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE
reporting aspects. This course will beneficial to those co-operating with surveyors and others involved in the daily operation of the Offshore Construction industry.
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OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION:
The Offshore Construction industry done a major field of operation for the Oil and Gas industry, there are many people involved in accurate surface and subsurface positioning aspects. Construction industry provides people with the solid basic knowledge of the associated terminology, equipment and techniques used in the offshore construction industry. They also provide sequentially through all aspects of various example construction projects whilst covering also project procedures, HSE, and reporting aspects. Offshore construction industry worked on offshore as well as onshore. offshore work depending upon the onshore work. In on shore work there are two main things are; technical work & commercial work. Construction industry giving the HSE & technical ,training because at every time the employee have to handle anew things. Some times offshore construction industry done a onshore construction also they done a construction for to get some petroleum goods . all the oil & gas industry are depend on the offshore construction industry . Offshore construction industry is known as contractors and
subcontractors. They may be companies, partnerships or self-employed individuals.
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NEED OF OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Man has found petroleum only in places where it seeped naturally from the earth. Then in the 19th Century, man discovered ways to drill water wells deep into the ground. Sometimes these wells produced petroleum instead of water, and soon the same techniques were being used to drill for oil. As the supply of petroleum grew, ways of refining it into useful products were developed. As the demand grew, this new technology for drilling holes could be used to produce far more petroleum than ever before - if it could be found. On that time man needs to construct a structure or building on offshore to store the natural products and research on the natural products. All oil & gas are depend on the offshore construction industry because of the construction industry they got a around 3000 bal. crude oil per day . from one oil rig. for all this reason we need to be a offshore construction industry in offshore business . In the todays world the new technology comes up because of this we find out new source of natural resources for that we need a offshore construction industry. offshore construction industry installing structure and pipelines in marine environment for the production and transmission of oil gas. And construction industry provide all the living facility as well as protection facility to customer on oil platform. Therefore offshore construction industry need of oil & gas industry. .
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CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ON ONSHORE & OFFSHORE ONSHORE WORK TENDER FLOATING BY OIL COMPANY
The Client or customer floats a tender in market which contains contract and bid documents. These two further include commercial terms, technical terms, scope of work and bid specification The Contractor or the Sub Contractor who makes the lowest bid gets the contract
SURVEY:
When the company got the contract they send a 3 to 4 member team on a construction field to see what type of work will be carried out like modification or revamping.
SCOPE OF WORK:
After the survey of construction field they find out the scope of work with the help of piping and instrumental diagram which is given by the client
DRAWINGS:
They prepare the isometrics & structural drawing of new modification of construction with the help of existing general arrangement drawing, existing piping plant, & existing framing plant.
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CALCULATION:
After the drawing process is done then the project & operating committee calculate the scope of work with the help of isometric drawing & structural drawing which has been generated by construction committee.
PROCUREMENT:
Is defined the structural & piping which is required during the construction activity. Procurement is Depending on the scope of work entrusted to , Purchase Order is released company or by the Clients. Pursuant to this activity, regular Purchase Order specifications are issued to facilitate vendor compliance, develop documents in accordance with requirements and fulfill inspection requirements and Third Party obligations.
INSPECTION:
Use of raw material during the construction activity will be inspected by the respected quality control & quality assets department.
FABRICATION:
Fabrication will be carried out with the reference of approved drawing which has been approved by the client & third party inspection. Fabricated material will be inspected by the companys quality control & quality assets department then stage wise it offered to the third party & client to inspected fabrication material.
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After the final product comes OUT it will be transported on offshore construction field to done the final construction activity by the way of water transportation.
OFFSHORE WORK
ROUTE PREPARATION , PIPE LAYING (CONSTRUCTION)
ROUTE PREPARATION:
The offshore pipeline must be laid on terrain that and is in clear water of geohazards, is deep debris enough vessels and for to boulders. The seabed must be sufficiently flat that construction and construction
operate. If these conditions do not occur naturally, then seabed preparation by methods such as presweeping or dredging may be required. Seabed preparation may involve localized presweeping in areas where there are sand waves or natural depressions on the sea floor. Presweeping, which creates a more even surface on which to lay the pipe, is expected to be necessary in the more mobile bed form (sandwave) areas of Torres Strait. Presweeping is often performed immediately prior to pipe claying, because sand-wave environments are typically dynamic and the preswept seabed surface may quickly resume its naturally uneven profile. Sand wave presweeping is typically performed by plugging or jetting. Volumes of sand
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mobilized when using these techniques are small and tend to settle locally.
PIPING CLAYING (CONSTRUCTION):

Pipe claying vessels are expected to be employed to install the pipeline in the offshore .Vessels of this type typically operate as follows: Sections of line pipe are stacked on the pipe claying vessel. Pipe ends are prepared for welding. Successive joints of line pipe are lined up and welded together. Welds are radio graphically inspected and repaired or replaced as necessary. Anti-corrosion material (fusion-bonded epoxy) and a weight-coating are applied to the welded joints. The pipeline is lowered to the seafloor. A constant tension is applied to the pipeline as it is lowered from the vessel to the seabed using a pipe claying arm (called a stinger). The stinger extends from the stern of the pipe claying vessel and prevents the pipeline from bending excessively between the vessel and the seabed. The laying of an offshore pipeline is generally a continuous process. Barges (towed by tugs) or self-propelled vessels bring the line pipe and other supplies to the pipe claying vessel. An offshore pipe claying operation typically comprises: A pipe claying vessel. Up to three anchor-handling tugs (depending on pipe claying vessel type ) A general supply vessel.
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Line-pipe supply vessels in sufficient numbers to ensure a continuous supply of line pipe to the pipe claying vessel. Bulk carriers to transport line pipe to a location from which the line pipe supply vessels can supply line pipe to the pipe claying vessel. A dedicated survey vessel.
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IMPORTANTS OF R & D DEPARTMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

In the past half-century, spectacular advances have been made in the design, construction, and installation of structures for offshore oil and gas production. From the original simple fixed four-pile platform in 20 ft of water offshore Louisiana, the industry has evolved to todays use of permanent floating structures with sophisticated Facilities designed to support production in fields exceeding 1 million bbl of oil equivalent and operating in water depths exceeding 7,000 ft. Expansion into increasingly deeper waters in search of larger reserves has presented operational challenges requiring ingenuity, risk taking, and foresight. The ability to continually push the technological envelope has historically been made possible by the joint R&D efforts of operator companies, engineering and construction firms, contractors, equipment manufacturers, and academia. This article will highlight a few selected areas in which R&D has contributed to recent operational successes or in which future R&D efforts undoubtedly will be required to provide technological support for continued frontier Pursuits and for meeting the associated challenges. Solutions from R&D efforts can be broadly categorized according to their level of beneficial impact on a projects outcome and the immediacy of the need, whether short-term or long-term. A breakthrough Solution can be construed as one in which state-of-the-art technology has been applied in a fashion that allows immediate and significant gains. R&D also can improve current know-how by advancing technology to newer generations that provide faster, more economical or more viable alternatives to prior approaches.
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Based on project involvement and knowledge of the offshore arena, This article will attempt to categorize each of the areas accordingly and discuss how this vital R&D activity should be protected.
GAS SOLUTION: (Example)

The increased demand for natural gas in the U.S. and globally, supported by satisfactory market prices, makes the economic recovery, processing, handling, and transportation of natural gas products an area with immediate as well as long-term potential. Oil and gas reserves have been, and continue to be, discovered in locations remote to distribution infrastructure, such as deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Newfoundland, West Africa, Malaysia, Trinidad, and Indonesia, where the gas associated with oil production or gas reserves considered small are disadvantaged economically. The industry has solved the question of producing remote oil with floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessels or with spars, tension leg platforms, subsea completions, and other floating production systems that include subsea oil pipelines, but we are still faced with the question, What do we do with smaller volumes of associated or produced gas? Technically feasible and economically viable gas solutions for remote gas are emerging rapidly in the form of transportable, marketable, and fungible gas products such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, Fischer-Tropsch liquids, ammonia, urea, diethyl ether (DME), and liquefied petroleum gases (propane, butane). Organizing a commercial deal that connects a market for the products with the gas source is the key. Bringing down capital and operating costs is the facilitator, and the inventive process is under way now. Several innovations are now coming from research designed to
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give clients the best options for commercializing their disadvantaged gas. Immediate benefits are the elimination of gas flaring, alternatives to costly gas reinjection, and the creation of marketable gas products that, in themselves, can be a viable gas business. Some of the most recently proposed gas solutions include: Barge-mounted gas-to-liquids process. FPSO-vessel-mounted methanol processing. Gasification of coal into Fischer-Tropsch liquids (methanol, DME, diesel). Development of horizontal steel LNG storage tanks in a
Perliteinsulatedconcrete cold box for onshore or offshore applications. A short haul concept for small LNG quantities (150300 MMscf/D) including a concrete barge with new tank design to liquefy, store, and offload LNG near the gasfield end, transport it 1,000 to 1,500 miles, and then have a similar regas barge at the destination. New regas technology using air exchangers to greatly reduce fuel costs and air emissions. A concept to produce and store compressed natural gas on specially designed shuttle tankers. LNG FPSO vessels for liquefying gas at offshore field locations in the open ocean. LNG floating storage and regasification units for importing
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LNG and re gasifying it in the open ocean. In addition to these technologies, R&D needs to continue its focus on developing economical products and processes that can be used for stranded and associated gas so the products can be readily marketed. In that regard, ongoing efforts need to be continued in the transport, storage, and offloading of LNG.
R & D PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY SOLUTION

Offshore assets, remotely operated or manned, are vulnerable to Potential terrorist attacks. There are both topside and sub sea components that warrant a continued need for R&D to develop methods to safeguard these investments after installation. Significant advancements have been made in the reliability and safety aspects, but minimal consideration has been given to the protection of the asset.
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THE RELEVANT MARKETS OF OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT MARKET:

With regard to offshore construction, oil and gas installations are considered to belong to the same product market, as many companies tender for contracts for both types of installations and the orders derive from the same set of customers. The same type of argument applies to standing and floating installations where the choice from a demand point of view depends on technical aspects such as the location of the field and water depth. Offshore contracts may be awarded on piecemeal basis with different contractors involved to perform different tasks. Some customers award contracts on a turnkey basis, whereby one contractor would be responsible for the entire project and, as the case may be, would engage subcontractors. The abbreviation EPCI (Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Installation) is used as an industry specific term for the activities required in order to complete turnkey offshore projects. Third parties have generally confirmed the suggested product market definition even though some third parties have pointed out that pipe laying on some occasions have formed part of EPCI contracts
GEOGRAPHIC MARKET:
The parties have submitted that the geographic scope of the market for offshore construction (EPCI) is world wide as such services are being provided wherever oil and gas fields and contracts are awarded on the basis of world-wide tenders. The off shore construction market has in previous decisions by the Commission been considered to be either global or regional (e.g. the North Sea or the Norwegian Shelf). The third parties participating in the Commissions market investigation have generally supported that this market is global.
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KEY FACTORS IN ECONOMIC SUCSESS

Three key elements that contribute to economic success in the offshore are cost management, reduction in project development time, and improved well performance. The degree to which firms achieve gains in any or all of these areas will contribute heavily to their potential for success or failure.
COST MANAGEMENT
Cost management includes both efforts to alter operations to offset increased costs and measures to reduce costs associated with given aspects of a project. An example of the first type of effort occurred when recent increased demand for offshore rigs drove drilling rates up. Companies had no control over the market-determined price but could search for ways to minimize drilling time and therefore drilling costs. The other type of cost management effort refers to the continual search for cost-reduction techniques. Technology often is a major influence on cost reduction. Cost reductions are achieved in a number of other ways. day, and the single Mystique well, which produces at Outsourcing of certain services can allow for the sharing of 25 MMcf per day. resources to avoid the cost of being on site 24 hours per day. For example, inspection of operational equipment by qualified contractor personnel and equipment on a part-time basis allows those resources to be used for multiple projects. As costs are shared across a larger volume of service, the costs associated with any one project decline. Despite potential economic advantages, outsourcing is an area of concern for the Minerals Management Service (MMS). The MMS has issued a notice regarding possible
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waivers from daily inspection requirements, which may prove essential for marginally economic projects.23 Used equipment is becoming another important factor even for deep-water operations. This approach allows for both direct cost savings and reduction in delivery time to the site. Another cost-saving option is sub sea well completions and transportation tiebacks to nearby platforms for production processing. This has been a promising approach to offshore development in deep waters. This approach lowers overall project cost by avoiding the cost of a production platform at the waters surface dedicated solely to a single project
REDUCTION IN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT TIME
The success of any construction project
projects underscores the
importance of adequate planning to ensure both optimal resource recovery and a strong economic return on investment. However, as experience in offshore construction operations grows, companies need for measured caution lessens and firms emphasize timely activity in their approaches to project development. The goal is to accelerate development, which increases the expected net financial return by yielding an earlier economic return and reducing the carrying costs of early expenditures on leases, and geophysical work, and exploratory drilling. Eg. Design improvements between the Auger (initial production in 1994) and Mars (initial production in 1996) projects, both at water depths of approximately 2,900 feet, allowed Shell to cut the construction period to 9 months with a saving of $120 million.26 Accelerated development enhances economic attractiveness by reducing project uncertainty because adverse changes in market price for the
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geology
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commodity or factor costs become more of a possibility as development time lengthens. One approach to achieve revenues as soon as reasonable is the use of a subsea completion and transportation of production to an existing platform. A key advantage to this approach is that it provides an early contribution to project returns while additional engineering and design work for the full project proceeds. Another approach being developed especially for deep-water project development is in the overlapping of design phases and construction. Improvements in technology and project management allowed Shell Deepwater to develop the project in about the same calendar time. Development for offshore construction projects in general had ranged up to 5 years previously, with deep projects requiring up to 10 years. Recent field development has been accelerated with the period from discovery to first production in shallow water ranging between 6 and 18 months. Variables.Experience with deep-water construction and operations has enabled development to proceed much faster, with time from discovery to production declining from 10 years to just over 2 years by 2001
WELL PERFORMANCE
A third major factor behind favorable offshore construction is the rather astonishing production performance characteristics of large fields. This is seen clearly in deepwater fields, which tend to have high permeability and pressure that result in rapid flow to the well bore. Individual well flows of 100 million cubic feet (MMcf) per day have been achieved at some fields , Well performance is important of both ultimate product development & speed of construction process Given that production performance
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economics for offshore
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variables such as the initial flow rate dominate over drilling costs as a major influence on profitability, a rational strategy is for the operator to pursue well drilling and completion technology with an emphasis on increased productivity despite increased costs. As long as the cost increments are managed properly, the productivity gains may be well justified. Analysis of a representative deep-water gas project shows that possible increases in drilling costs of 50 percent could be offset by flow rate increases of only 19 percent (assuming all other project parameters remain unchanged). These estimates show the economic incentive behind research and development in drilling and completion technologies that have resulted in very high flow rates.
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CASE STUDY
ONGC: OFFSHORE CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Background In the offshore Oil & Natural Gas Corp. of India (ONGC) offshore platform BHN located in Arabian Sea, 100 miles (160 km) from Mumbai (Bombay). BHN Complex consists of BHN + MNW + NF + NA Platforms, all bridge connected. Mumbai high - North & South put together is producing about 260,000 barrels of oil and 10.2 million cubic feet of gas per day. BHN Complex production was 40,000 bbl & 4 million Cft of gas per day. Out of 4 m gas being produced, 2.4 is used for gas lift, utilities etc and balance is pumped to Onshore, Uran. Mumbai High North has another Complex NQ. Its production was going thru BHN & hence also affected now. Presently, ONGC have resumed production from South Fields which is 150,000 bbl/day + 7.5 million Cft of gas per day. Noble Charlie Yester (NCY) drill rig on-site at time of incident at NA Platform. IRM DP Vessel of ONGC MSV Samudra Suraksha also in area to transfer person to platform. BHN Platform was built by J Ray McDermott in Dubai and installed in working season 1980 - 81 under EIL supervision. ONGCs Insurance is covered by Indias United India Insurance Company, re-insured with ACE, AIG and Zurich.
BHN COMPLEX
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CRISIS ON OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTED LOCATION

The story starts with the bad weather, and a cook cutting his finger in the galley of MSV Samudra Suraksha. This is a DP-2 Multi Support Vessel working for ONGC. The Master of the vessel asked for an emergency chopper to send the injured man to Bombay for treatment (Medivac). Due to the rough seas The Chopper (helicopter) could not land on the helideck of the said vessel. Therefore BHN being the nearest installation (platform) to where the vessel was working decided to have the man picked up and Airlifted from there to send to the Hospital. While delivering the injured man to the Platform. (This is usually an everyday operation of transferring personnel by way of a "Personnel Basket" in the offshore oilfield), the vessel has to approach under the crane of the Rig/ Platform and Persons will be lifted from the deck in a conical shaped basket with the help of a crane. Due to the High Seas at that time. Master of the vessel lost control; the vessel was NOT on Dynamic Positioning system - This system keeps the vessel at a fixed heading and holds position in high seas and strong currents). The vessels Helideck hits the Platforms Topsides, in the process rupturing Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) lines; also, the vessels hull-side hits gas pipeline (Riser). The Riser as well as ATF lines broke and gas got mixed with the Air and due to metal-to-metal impact, spark caused the gas to ignite. Explosions took place simultaneously igniting the BHN platform and the MSV Suraksha. People on board the platform and the drilling rig jumped into the water in groups of 4 after wearing life jackets. Majority of the people from
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BHN platform rushed to the bridge connected MNW platform. Some took to life rafts that were available. There were about 7 or 8 Supply vessels on the scene. Total persons on board BHN Complex (BHN + NF + MNW + NA) were 227, on the MSV Suraksha 84 and the Rig Noble Charlie Yester 73 a Total of 384 persons. The MSV had 6 divers who were in the compression chamber at the time of the accident; they went through decompression with the help of MSV Samudra Prabha (another ONGC owned DP 2 vessel) and brought to surface. ONGCs OSV Sindhu-7 later on towed MSV Samudra Suraksha but before reaching Mumbai, about 8 nautical miles from shore, Samudra Suraksha also sank. Final Outcome: BHN platform destroyed. NF Platform Topsides substantially damaged. NA Platform only surface painting damage. Noble Charlie Yester (NCY) rig minimal damage. A Helicopter at BHN also destroyed in the fire. MSV Suraksha sank. 22 persons died (11 confirmed + 11 missing
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RECOVERY FROM CRISIS

A Committee has been formed by ONGC for investigation, comprising of Mr. S.K. Manglik - Ex Chairman Of ONGC Mr. H. S. Cheema - Ex Chairman Of Gas Authority of India Mr. Ishwari Dutt - Ex Technical Director Of ONGC ONGCs immediate priority is to augment production from the Mumbai High North Field. This to be initiated in several phases. Keeping this in mind, ONGC have invited Expression Of Interest (EOI) as under: Wreck removal Charter Hire of FPSO Charter Hire of DP-2 MSV
This is part of ONGCs Re-construction plan in phases broadly as under: Short Term (1 to 2 months) Revival of lift gas to MH South Well Platforms, Resumption of production from NQ complex, Diversion of well platforms of BHN to NQO / MH South.
Medium Term (6 to 12 months) Laying of new pipelines to connect additional well platforms of BHN, Revival of well platforms connected to NA processing facilities, Using FPSO for immediate revival, Using an EPS near NA, Commissioning of NA, BHF & MNW
Long Term (2 years+)

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Construction of new surface facilities
CONCLUSION
After due to deliberations and exploring possibilities for resumption of hydrocarbon production from Mumbai High North field, it emerged that attention needs be given in phased revival based on use of existing facilities, installation of new facilities and probable time required for modification jobs. Committee came to a conclusion that around 70% of the affected production can be revived in about 4 weeks time, additional 6-7% can be revived by the end of Sept. 05. about 6 month time. Committee also concluded that all the affected wells can be put back on production in However, these may not produce optimally because of increased back-pressure which some of the wells would face on account of improper well fluid and gas lift line size.
ONGCS management take important decision on reconstruction of platform after the one week they float the tender on market and they divide work in two parts and they give the contract to two different company therefore they reconstruct the plat form with in the one year. this all possible because of active management and management person.
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CONCLUSION
ADVANSED TECHNOLOGY IN OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION
In anticipation of increased activity by the major oil companies in deep and ultra-deep water, in particular in the South Atlantic, SBM Has entered into a joint venture with the Norwegian company Sols tad Shipping AS for a new generation deepwater offshore construction and installation vessel, placing a contract for the ship with the Ulstein Shipyard in Norway. Boa Deep C ( worlds largest offshore construction vessel) -Completed sea trials in mid-May and has since mobilized to begin work on the Snohvit project in the North Sea. The ship's first project is being undertaken in a joint venture with Acer Marine Contractors (AMC), directly after which, the vessel will move on directly to the Kristin project, where she will install moorings and manifolds . In every respect a unique vessel, Boa Deep C is designed to carry out subset construction work at great depths - up to 2000m - and makes her owner, Boa Taubatkompaniet, a leading contractor in the offshore construction marketplace, able to undertake sub sea installations, mooring system and pipeline repairs, and template and anchor pattern installations anywhere in the world, at depths of up to 2000m. Built in China at Jin Ling shipyard, and outfitted in Spain at Factorias Vulcano shipyard, Boa Deep C is 120m overall and has a beam
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of 27m, and was designed by Vik- Sandvik, the well-known Norwegian naval architects. With a large deck area, a high deck loading capacity, deepwater 250tonne and 300tonne heavecompensated cranes, a deepwater winch with a 500tonne line pull and extensive accommodation, Boa Deep C also boats twin built-in deepwater ROVs, and a 7.2m x 7.2m moon pool, a stern roller designed for a downward pull of 750tonnes, and has a bollard pull of in excess of 260tonnes. A very interesting feature of Boa Deep C is propulsion machinery designed to operate in three modes according to operational requirements, these being diesel-mechanical, for steaming; diesel electric for use in DP mode; or diesel mechanical with electric booster for maximum power in 'bollard-pull mode. The machinery is based on six Caterpillar 3600 engines: a pair of V16cylinder units on the main shafts, and two eight cylinder and two six cylinder models used as genset drives. Each of the two Caterpillar 3616TA engines is rated at 6000kW (8160hp) and drives a Scana Volda four-bladed 4.4m-diameter CP propeller in a nozzle via a Scana Volda ACG1080 gearbox, the direct-drive arrangement being used when steaming. For maximum bollard pull, power on each shaft can be boosted by 3000Kw from a Siemens combined PTI/PTO (electric motor/shaft alternator). A diesel-electric mode is used for DP operations, and positioning requirements are met by four 1425kW Brunvoll FU-80-LTC tunnel thrusters (two aft and two forward) and a 1200kW Brunvoll AR-80-LNC retractable azimuth thruster located abaft the forward bow thrusters. These thrusters are variable pitch and controllable speed, which allows
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the optimization of power and fuel consumption and noise reduction when operating in a DP 3 mode.
CASE STUDY
OFFSHORE HOOK-UP AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
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OFFSHORE HOOK-UP AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

INTRODUCTION:
Offshore Hook-Up And Construction Services ( India ) pvt. Ltd.,or O.H.C.S.,as it is widely known, has been surviving the offshore oil & gas industry, since its inspection, in the year 1981. it has since then been providing design, engineering , fabrication , offshore installation , hook up , pre-commissioning , commissioning services to a cross selection of clients for a number of major offshore projects. OHCS clients include all major world players in the offshore industry. Offshore Hook-up and Construction Services (India) Pvt. Ltd. (OHCS) is Engineering and Construction Company established in 1981. Since inception, the Company has been involved with the Indian Offshore Industry. The Company's main activities include Design, Detail Engineering, Fabrication, Construction, Installation, Hook-up, Precommissioning and Commissioning for new as well as existing facilities. Areas of specialization include Offshore Projects involving new well platforms, process platforms and extensive modification and hook-up works on major existing offshore complexes In addition to its participation in major offshore projects within India, OHCS has crossed national boundaries and participated in projects overseas. This continues to be one of out thrust areas. Over the years, OHCS has evolved tested management systems and has been successfully applying them to timely realize its tasks. We
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have also been successful in developing a creative team of highly qualified Project Managers and Discipline Engineers with a wealth of offshore experience. OHCS complies with specifications laid down by many of its well known Clients / third party inspectors such as ONGCL, EIL, DNV to name a few. Projects are normally carried out under OHCS's own Quality Assurance System which, where necessary, can be further supplemented with specific project requirements or other specified standards. OHCS Project Managers constantly ensure compliance to Contract Specifications, execute and monitor the projects using the latest application software for Quality Control, Planning, Designing, Testing and Inspection, etc. OHCS uses Computer Aided Design and Drafting techniques for its projects. In-house facilities include adequately experienced personnel, computing hardware and application software. Besides these facilities, OHCS has a well equipped library providing necessary technical support. In the light of its fulfillment of customer requirements with quality as the prime objective, O.H.C.S. has earned the prestigious award of ISO 9001: 2000 Certificate. O.H.C.S. is serving a number of offshore clients. Clients include reputed multinational companies from India and abroad. OHCS, with its progressive outlook and tight schedule control is recognized for prompt mobilization and swift execution. The Company believes in elaborate planning, proper mobilization, optimum utilization of manpower and effective schedule control maintaining strict compliance to quality requirements.
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ISO 9000: 2001
QUALITY POLICY
Offshore Hook-Up And Construction service (India)PVT . LTD. IS Committed To Comply With The Customer S Requirement By Providing Timely And Efficient Service In Field Of Fabrication , Installation , Testing , Pre-Commencing , Commencing , And Adopting Suitable Measures For Continual Improvement Of The Effectiveness Of The Quality Management System
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DESIGN & DETAIL ENGINEERING

OHCS's engineering team provides design, engineering and project management services. It has in-house experience and expertise to provide the aforesaid services for the disciplines of process, instrumentation, piping, structural and electrical including interdisciplinary co-ordination for the Offshore Projects in particular and other process industry in general. specializes in providing detail The design engineering team for major Re-design, engineering
Revamping and Refurbishing works on the existing facilities at offshore. With its participation in such projects, OHCS has systematically compiled a library of 'As-Built' statistics and drawings and thus commands a unique position as an engineering services agency. Infrastructural support and facilities for Designing through drafting as well as Computer Aided Designing are all available in-house. It engineers support the client to liaise with the Client/Third Party Inspectors/Vendors etc. during every facet of Detail Engineering also assisting the client with various inputs required by them during the Bidding/Proposal stage. OHCS has a total commitment to engineering excellence, a knack of finding the most creative design solutions to handle contingencies at site and an uncompromising approach to quality. OHCS recognizes the benefits of an effective Quality Assurance Programme in promoting and achieving high Quality Standards of service and minimising costs & delays to project schedules,
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PLANNING
Planning is an on-going process for each project. Planning is project based and commences at the time of Bidding when a schedule is prepared for the entire Project. OFFSHORE PLANNING Prior to the commencement of offshore activities, OHCS undertakes the planning of the offshore works in order to prepare itself for the work. The following activities are planned : Micro schedule of project with Primavera P3/MS Projects software. Mobilization plan for Manpower / Construction Equipment. Man hours estimation by trade. Preparation of execution related procedures. Preparation of S-curves for project progress planning / monitoring. Preparation of Fabrication Drawings from Engineering Drawings. Quantification of scope of work from AFC Drawings. The work activity description cards or job cards are prepared one for each scheduled activities. It defines the nature of required job, materials required, description of tasks involved, estimated job duration & manpower. The work activities defined at the planning stage include not only the scheduled offshore works but also the onshore fabrication works.
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SUPPORT ACTIVITIES While the planning exercise is in progress, OHCS will be developing its land based support programme preparation for the offshore work. The logistics of personnel and material form an important link between office and offshore. Once the hook-up is in progress, the base will be the focus of the project for technical, logistics and communication support.
PROCUREMENT
OHCS provides integrated procurement services commencing from preparation of Request For Quotations (RFQ), to Technical specification, identification of vendors, floating bids, evaluating bids, preparation of purchase specification for procurement and release of Purchase Orders to the technically acceptable vendors. RFQ'S are generally developed as per Client's Bid Specifications duly supplemented with engineering inputs. Enquiries are solicited from approved vendors and technical evaluations of the proposals made and Client's approval sought for the recommended vendors. Depending on the scope of work entrusted to OHCS, Purchase Order is released by OHCS or by the Clients. Pursuant to this activity, regular Purchase Order specifications are issued to facilitate vendor compliance, develop documents in accordance with requirements and fulfill inspection requirements and Third Party obligations.
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34
FABRICATION
OHCS has two fully equipped Workshops with Customs Bonded Warehouse & In bond Manufacturing Facilities to undertake extensive fabrication work both at Onshore in its workshop and at offshore while executing installation works. The workshop is equipped with the most modern construction equipments, machines and fabrication facilities. OHCS has independently developed various fabrication procedures and welding procedures complying with bid specifications. These have been duly approved by third party inspectors namely DNV, EIL, EICA, LRS, BV, etc. for compliance with bid technical requirements. OHCS has an experienced team of qualified welders duly vetted by various consultants, like the ones mentioned above. OHCS documentation work and qualification work in this respect cover all materials from Carbon Steel to the most exotic materials known in the process industry, viz. DSS, INCOLOY, INCOLOY CLAD,Cu-Ni, etc. Fabrication is carried out as per AFC drawings and Client's Bid Specifications with respect to tolerances and quality of work. All consumables comply with technical specifications and compatibility with the parent materials. An independent in-house QA / QC system ensures fabrication standards of the highest quality. Third party inspection requirements are duly adhered to. With prior Quality Management effectively implemented, OHCS has seldom encountered any noticeable rejection or re-work needs.
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35
FABRICATION FACILITIES Workshop I (W168 50000 Sq.ft.) : (Custom Bonded Warehousing Facilities) : Well equipped workshop with 250 HP Power & two Overhead Cranes of Capacity 25/5 tons each and span of 14 meters each to provide upto 300T per month of Steel fabrication and 3000 inch dia of Pipe Welding of various material such as Cu-Ni, Incoloy DSS and Cladded pipes etc. Also fabrication of Pressure Vessels (medium range) can be undertaken. Workshop II (W175 7500 Sq.ft) : Well equipped workshop with Power, Overhead Gantry, etc. to provide upto 100T per month of Steel fabrication and 2000 inch dia of CS Piping.
INSTALLATION, HOOK-UP, TESTING, PRE-COMMISSIONING AND COMMISSIONING

OHCS has the requisite expertise in installation of Equipments, Piping, Instrumentation, Electrical & Structural works connected with Oil / Gas Production Platforms. OHCS has also undertaken major Hook-up / Testing and Precommissioning works for various major International Contractors. In this key area of work, OHCS's capabilities emanate from a very close collaboration between Construction & Engineering personnel whose backgrounds combine to provide the speedy solution to problems frequently encountered in offshore projects Fine details such as general equipment redundancy, installation aids, backup tooling, skilled floating manpower, further enhance work capabilities. OHCS's successful track
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36
record is the result of the interactive approach of its team to offshore projects from planning stage to commissioning. OHCS offers assistance during Installation to Client by Providing support services and skilled manpower for the following : Jacket Installation Topside Modules Installation Piles Installation Riser Installation Riser Clamp Installation Removal of Temporary Decks Stabbing new Decks Installation of accessories like : (1)Boat Landing (2)Barge Bumpers (3)Deck Cranes etc. Stripping of Wells and Provision of Bullets during Installation Pipe laying Mode
PRE-COMMISSIONING
OHCS offers complete spectrum of activities involving pre-
commissioning related works . OHCS engineers check : Whether the works carried out are in line with P & IDs
Assist in inert gas purging , drying etc. prior to flow of hydrocarbons.
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37
Some of the other activities include : pre commissioning of equipments : Cranes Fire water pumps Diesel generator Instrument air compressor Pumps Vessel
Pre commissioning of electrical / instrumentation systems : Switchgears Panels Simulation of interlocks Relay settings Loop checks Set point check etc Distribution Motors Rotation Calibration Continuity checks
Disciplines : Multi disciplinary engineers drawn from OHCS s commissioning team assist client / owner & inspectors in these activities involving : Process Instrumentation Piping Mechanical Electrical 38
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COMMISSIONING
Commissioning of the facilities in general is carried out by the owner and pertain to introduction of hydrocarbon after the whole system has been simulated in pre commissioning checks OHCSs role in these activities is limited to assist the main contractor / owner in these activities as follows : Co-ordination / logistics with various vendors. Keeping a check on all parameters during 72 hrs test run as per consultant / owner checklist by providing professional personnel. Preparation of as- built documents. Preparation of list / replacement list for spare parts viz. chemicals, lube charges, gaskets, fuses, etc.
MAINTENANCE
OHCS is well knit with experienced personnel to provide regular maintenance required at offshore platforms. The team has invaluable know-how and experience in the preventive maintenance of major equipments on platforms. OHCS has undertaken critical maintenance works for ONGCL at very short mobilisation notice, at times when there has been a rupture/leak in Oil / Gas lines or other platform facilities. Various other services offered by OHCS are : Supply of special Construction Equipment and Material. 39
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE
Supply of skilled / semi-skilled manpower.
QUALITY CONTROL, INSPECTION,TESTING & CALIBRATION

OHCS has an independent Quality control Department with state of the art equipments for carrying out activities like Welder Tests, all NonDestructive Tests, Physical & Chemical Tests, Equipment Calibration as per latest International Standards, as a back-up to reinforce its construction activities. The main activities of the Quality Control Department include : Maintaining Quality Standards for the Organisation as per
ISO:9001-2000. Preparation of Quality Plans based on International codes and Standards, in line with requirements of job specifications. Quality Control at all stages, namely material receipt, in-process & final inspection, including liaison with Third Party Inspectors like DNV, EIL, LR, BV, etc. OHCS has been providing Quality Assurance to its Clients/Customers from the very beginning which has been highlighted by the fact that OHCS is the first Offshore Company in India having ISO-9001:2000 Certificate. OHCS is the only Company which through its Sister concern OFFSHORE TESTING & INSPECTION SERVICES (full fledge Laboratory) holds ALL essential equipments required for effective Quality Control at all stages of the Project. OHCS has an independent Quality Control Dept. with all important Master Calibration Instruments [traceable to National / International
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40
Standards], Welding Procedures for all important alloys duly approved by 3rd Party Inspectors and NDT facilities available in-house. Services offered by OHCS as a backup to reinforce its Construction activities also includes: Preparation of Welding Procedure Specification and conducting Procedure Qualification Test under 3rd Party Inspection Agency. Conducting Welder Performance Tests for Client / Customer under reputed 3rd Party Inspection agencies viz. DNV, ABS, EIL etc. Calibration of Instruments Quality Control at all stages of Hook-up / Modification. Inspection of Customer Supplied Products w.r.t. Purchase
Specifications, approved Drawings & Documents for Client / Customer. Its QA/QC Engineers are totally familiar with the following Codes, Standards & Specifications : API (American Petroleum Institute) Standard ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Codes DNV (Det Norske Veritas) Offshore Rules & Recommended Practices ANSI (American National Standard Institution) Standards ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) Rules
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HEALTH SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN

OHCS recognizes the importance of protecting the Health, the Safety and the Environment during its Operations. Therefore, it is OHCSs intention to pro-actively work with Employees, Clients, Subcontractors, Public and Government Agencies in order to achieve the highest possible standards of Health, Safety and Environmental protection, sustaining individual awareness of safety issues. The objectives to which OHCS assigns the greatest importance are : The prevention of exposure to risk in all areas of its operations on the basis that all accidents are preventable. Compliance with relevant legislation and the application of more stringent standards where OHCS considers it appropriate. The protection of the Health of its employees and of those who may be affected by its operations. The prevention of damage to the environment that could be caused by its operation. OHCS seeks to achieve these objectives by : Ensuring an appropriate level of employee training in relation to Health, Safety and Environmental Protection in all areas of its operations. The use of an effective two-ways communication system for all Health, Safety and Environment issues. Providing adequate human, technical and financial resources. 42
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clearly defining the duties and responsibilities of all employees with regards to HSE. Continually improving its Health, Safety and Environment
Management System by firm management principles in line with current industry standards. HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT POLICY OFFSHORE HOOK-UP AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES (INDIA) PVT. LTD. SHALL FOLLOW APPLICABLE LAWS AND RELEVANT INDUSTRY STANDARDS HEALTH OF PRACTICE OF CONCERNING ITS PROTECTION OF AND SAFETY
EMPLOYEES IN THE WORK PLACE AND THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT WHICH WILL BE THE COMPANYS PRIMARY GOAL POLICY TO TAKE SUCH ACTIONS AS REASONABLE AND NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE SUCH GOAL AND CARRY OUT THIS
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Growth rate of OHCS

TURNOVER OF OHCS (I) PVT. LTD.
25
22.71 21.84 18.10
20 TURNOVER
15
11.47
10
5.92
T/O in Crs.
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2001-2002
YEAR
TURNOVER TABEL OF O.H.C.S.

Sr no 1 2 3 4 5 Year March-01 March-02 March-03 March-04 March-05 March 02 March 03 March-04 March-05 March 06 Turn over in crs. 5.92 11.47 22.71 21.84 18.1
As per the above chart from 2001 to 2003-2004 the company may rapid progress with its turnover rising from 5.92 crs. In 2001-02 to 22.71 crs. In 2003-04 but later on turn over decline 18.10 crs. In 2005-2006 because of non availability or unavailability of contract.
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2005-2006
LIST OF MAJOR PROJECTS EXECUTED BY OHCS

Sr No 1 Period Aug 04 03-May Client Hyundai Industries Co. South Korea Heavy Ltd Project MHB PL PROJECT Nature Of Work Pre Fabrication Of Piping Spools / Structural Deck Extension For Top Side Modification At Seven Plat Forms Execution Of Works At Offshore & Riser Tie-Ins At 14 Location Hook Up Of New 4 Legged Project Well Platform GA & Modification Of Existing Facilities At LA Platform For CEIL / Lamprell Energy Ltd. Hook Up And Modification Works On 4 Compressors Modules , 3 Quarters , 3 Wellhead Platforms , 3 Flare Decks , 1 Water Injection Platforms ( 14 Modules ) And Six Inter Connection Bridges At Al Shaheen Field Of Maersk Oil Qatar As Design , Engineering , Supply , Installation , Demolition Of Existing F.G. Skid At SHP / SHQ Platform Fabrication Of Spool Pipe , Support Deck Extension And Associated Modification Of Existing Facilities On 18 Platform And Hook Up Of 2 New Platforms.
Dec 04
03-Mar
Hyundai Industries Co. South Korea
Heavy Ltd
GA Hook- Up
Jul 03
03-
Oct
Heavy Ltd
Block 5 Dev Project
Jun02 Dec03
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. INDIA J . Ray Mcdermott Eastern Hemisphere Ltd. - Dubai
F.G. Skid Replacement
Apr 03
02-Apr
N11N12 Platform Project
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45
Apr02-May02
Heavy Ltd
LA/LB Platform Project
Hook-Up Of Topside Facilities For LA/LB Platform
Sr No
Period
Client
Project
Nature Of Work Installation Of Additional Compressor Module At HRC Platform And Its Integration With The Systems
Jan 02 Apr 02
Larsen & toubro ltd - INDIA
ACM-HRC
Nov 00- may01
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd South Korea
WIPRPProject
Onshore fabrication of riser clamps / pipe spools and modification of 13 platforms at offshore
3 x LM 2500 TG revamping at SLQ / BHS Bombay High 9 Dec 99 may 00 Kvaemer energy ltd - U.K. TG revamp at SLQ
10
Sep 99 - oct 99
Brown & root energy services SINGAPORE
NF riser replacement project
Replacement of 30 ( oil ) and 26 ( gas ) raiser at NF platform Bombay high
11
Oct 99-dce99
Mazagon docks ltd - INDIA
BHN-RP project
Fabrication & welding of C.S. / SS/ pipe spools / piping for HHN revamping project of ONGCL under bonded warehouse of OHCS total fabrication was approx. 20000 dia . Modification of BPB / BLQ II and hook-up of BCP-B platform
12
Dec 98-Apr 99
BCP-B project
13
Feb 98- May 99
Larsen & toubro ltd - INDIA
HRC AND modfns. Hookup
Modification at HA,HRA, HRG & WIH platform and hook-up of HRC platform
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46
14
Feb 98 May 98
Subtect SHARJAH
middle
east
Clamp conductor project
on
Provision of additional conductors on seven existing platforms in Bombay high north field
LIST OF PROJECTS EXECUTED AS ON 30TH JUNE 2005
Sr No 1
Period
Client
Project Sabrata Platform Project
Nature Of Work Hook-up of one well cum process platform, living quarter , flare deck for saipem S.P.A. ( Italy ), Modification & fabrication of existing facilities BCPA,SHP,SHG,ICP,NQP &MNW platform & fabrication of riser clamps Hook-up pre-commissioning ,commissioning of new MSP platform Pre-fabrication of piping spool / structural deck extension for top side modification at seven platforms , execution works at offshore Hook Up Of New 4 Legged Project Well Platform GA & Modification Of Existing Facilities At LA Platform For CEIL / Lamprell Energy Ltd. Hook Up And Modification Works On 4 Compressors Modules , 3 Quarters , 3 Wellhead Platforms , 3 Flare Decks , 1 Water Injection Platforms ( 14 Modules ) And Six Inter Connection Bridges At Al Shaheen Field Of Maersk Oil Qatar As
Jun04 may05
Saipem S.P.A. ITALY
Aug04- Nov04
MUT-PL project
Dec 04 may 05
MSP project
Aug03-may04
MHB-PL project
Dec03-mar04
GA Hook- Up
Jul 03- Oct 03
Kvaemer energy ltd - U.K
Block 5 Dev Project
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Jul 02 Jun02 Dec03
Bharat heavy electrical ltd INDIA Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. INDIA
Revamping of turbine ventilation system F.G. Skid Replacement
Material procurement onshore duct fabrication of new ducting for BHN turbine ventilation system Design , Engineering , Supply , Installation , Demolition Of Existing F.G. Skid At SHP / SHQ Platform Fabrication Of Spool Pipe , Support Deck Extension And Associated Modification Of Existing Facilities On 18 Platform And Hook Up Of 2 New Platforms.
8 Apr 02-Apr 03 9
J . Ray Mcdermott Eastern Hemisphere Ltd. - Dubai
N11N12 Platform Project
LIST OF MAJOR PROJECT EXECUTED BY OHCS
Sr No
Client
Project
Nature Of Work Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for modification to platform under BE project Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for electrical and instrumentation for modification 2 platform under SBHT project Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for modification to existing facilities on 13 existing platforms. Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for modification to existing facilities on NJ, N6, N3 , NH platform Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for HRA platform and URAN terminal modification to HUT project
Samsung heavy industries KOREA
BE
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd Korea
SBHT
National petroleum construction company ABU DHABI
SHG
Oil & natural gas corporation ltd INDIA
GLPM
ETPM-FRANCE
HUT
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48
National petroleum construction company ABU DHABI
HQRST-F
Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for modification to HA-HE platform under ONGCS HRQST-F platform Pre- engineering survey of 55 platforms at Bombay high for incorporation of gas lift facility under ONGCS GLPN project Pre-engineering survey & detail engineering for modification to 11 platforms under ONGCS WIPPM project
Snamprogretti saipem ITALY
GLPN
OTP / SOFRESID FRANCE
WIPPM
J. RAY Mc DERMOTT, INC.

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49
J. RAY Mc DERMOTT, INC.

COMPANY PROFILE
J. Ray McDermott is a privately owned Oil & Gas Industry Construction Company providing a range of products and services to the Industry, Worldwide, ranging from General Fabrication, Engineering & Project Management, Offshore Construction Services through to the supply of Drilling Structures and Rebuilt Land Rigs, Rig Refurbishment etc
J. Ray McDermott is a leading worldwide marine solutions company with fabrication facilities in the Americas, Middle East, Caspian and Asia Pacific. Services include design, fabrication, transportation and installation of offshore platforms, and installation of offshore pipelines. JRM operates a diversified fleet of vessels for the marine construction industry. Most of our primary vessels are combination derrick and lay barges, making the fleet one of the most versatile in the world. Our global fleet is located in the Gulf of Mexico, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and the Caspian
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50
HISTORY
In the late 1940s oil and gas companies began to realize the potential of fields under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Technology made offshore fields a primary source for the worlds petroleum. In the early days of offshore production, facilities were placed in shallow water and within sight of land. J. Ray McDermott had floating equipment for marshland work, and as interest in the Gulf picked up, the company formed joint ventures and made acquisitions that allowed it to pioneer the construction and installation of platforms and pipelines to support drilling and development near shore. By the mid-1970s, J. Ray McDermott was one of the worlds leading marine contractors, providing services in every major offshore oil and gas province. As offshore fields became a primary source for petroleum, specialized equipment was developed to allow production in water thousands of feet deep and many miles from land.
MILESTONES
1950 - Installed first all-concrete platform in Gulf of Mexico 1954 - Constructed first offshore platform in 100 m water depth 1956 - Established Morgan City yard, first fabrication facility dedicated solely for offshore structures 1961 - First jacket installed by "Stacking" method - precursor of later multi-piece jackets 1966 - Acquired diving company 1976 - Designed, provided fabrication technology for, and installed Exxons record 850, two-section Hondo platform off Santa Barbara, CA 1978 - Fabricated and installed first platform in water depth greater than 1,000. Shell Cognac (1040 water depth) remains the worlds only three-piece deep water structure and was recognized with an
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51
achievement award by the American Society of Civil Engineers 1986 - Built Shear Leg Crane - lifting capacity of 5,000 short tons 1988 - Acquired dynamically positioned 4,400 short-ton capacity DB50, worlds largest self-propelled monohull crane vessel 1989 - Installed deepest pipeline between Shells Bullwinkle and Boxer platforms. The pipeline depth at Bullwinkle makes it deepest ever installed in Gulf of Mexico - 1350 water depth 1991 - Fabricated and installed worlds largest offshore sulfur extraction complex for Freeport McMoran Resource Partners Main Pass mine 1993 - First use of J-Lay sets pipe-lay depth record in 2,860 water depth for Shell Auger project 1996 - Fabricated topsides and installed hull and deck for Oryx Neptune, worlds first production spar 1997 - Completed modules for Shells Ursa, largest platform in the Gulf of Mexico and the worlds deepest TLP in 4,000 water depth 1998 - Installed the first Sea-Star "Mini-TLP, British-Borneo's Morpeth, in 1,200 ft. water depth 1999 - Completed British-Borneo's Allegheny Mini-TLP hull and deck installation with associated design, procurement and installation of sub sea pipelines and SCRs in 3,300 ft. water depth 2000 - Installed Shell Brutus pipelines, 16 miles of 20", which was the deepest S-Lay pipeline in 3,010 ft. water depth 2000 - BP awards contract to construct the topsides for four of it's deepwater projects in Gulf of Mexico 2001 - EPCI award of Murphy's Medusa Truss Spar - first Spar hull to be built outside of Pori, Finland 2001 - EPCI award of Domion Resources Devil's Tower Spar 2002 - EPCI award of Murphy's Frontrunner Truss Spar 2002 - Wins sub sea development installation contract for BP Aspen Project
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52
2003 - 12,125 ton Amenam Kpono AMP1 production deck leaves Dubai headed for the coast of Nigeria 2003 - P.T. McDermott Indonesia successfully completed fabrication of the world's deepest dry-tree spar hull for the Devil's tower field in the Gulf of Mexico 2003 - JRM completes deepwater Medusa Spar Project - the first spar platform in the world delivered on a full scope engineer-procure-installconstruct ("EPIC") basis 2004 - JRM successfully completed Devils Tower and Front Runner EPCI SparProjects 2004 - McDermott Caspian Contractors, Inc. (MCCI) completed fabrication, load out and sail away of Central Azeri topsides, the largest deck ever in the Caspian, consuming 10 million man-hours without a single lost time accident and utilizing 80% local Azerbaijani workforce 2004 - P.T. McDermott Indonesia successfully completed fabrication, integration and onshore mechanical completion of the Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel - Belanak Natuna 2004 - JRM's Morgan City Yard completed three of four Deepwater Development projects (Holstein, Mad Dog and Thunder Horse)
PLANNING
Planning is an on-going process for each project. Planning is project based and commences at the time of Bidding when a schedule is prepared for the entire Project. OFFSHORE PLANNING Prior to the commencement of offshore activities, JRM undertakes the planning of the offshore works in order to prepare itself for the work. The following activities are planned :
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53
Micro schedule of project with Primavera P3/MS Projects software. Mobilization plan for Manpower / Construction Equipment. Man hours estimation by trade. Preparation of execution related procedures. Preparation of S-curves for project progress planning / monitoring. Preparation of Fabrication Drawings from Engineering Drawings. Quantification of scope of work from AFC Drawings. The work activity description cards or job cards are prepared one for
each scheduled activities.
It defines the nature of required job,
materials required, description of tasks involved, estimated job duration & manpower. The work activities defined at the planning stage include not only the scheduled offshore works but also the onshore fabrication works.
FABRICATION
J. Ray McDermott (JRM) has fabrication locations in Batam, Dubai, Harbor Island, and Morgan City. JRM's fabrication yards are strategically positioned around the world to service the oil and gas industry. Our fabrication yards are all qualified to ISO 9000 standards, and each is capable of building to multiple industry standards. Although our fabrication bases are strategically placed to serve their geographic regions, their cost-effective and high-quality products are also exported to other regions of the world. We continue to provide facilities to West Africa from both the United States and the Middle East, and are poised to provide cost-effective fabrication services for Central and South America from both locations
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Working closely with our engineering groups as well as our marine operations, JRM fabricators fully understand the project requirements of both. That understanding helps knock down interface barriers, even when another company performs the engineering or offshore installation
FACILITIES
JRM special area of work and interest has been the execution and management of major modifications and refurbishments of existing facilities on offshore well platforms and process complexes. With its deep involvement in this work over the last decade and a half, JRM has compiled well documented as-built data and drawings for almost all the major Indian offshore platforms and projects with which it has been associated along with other major International Contractors. This provides the inherent strength and advantage to JRM in swiftly executing all modification projects. Its capabilities and strengths in this area have been fully recognised by all the major contractors who have engaged and continue to engage its expertise for the total services of modification and refurbishment work. This continues to be its major forte. Captive construction manpower employed by JRM acts as a nucleus on which additional manpower is built, depending upon workload. The Construction Division is headed by a Project Manager (Construction) and assisted by a team of field engineers, workforce of various
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specialized trades like welders, fitters, grinders, cutters, scaffolders, riggers, mechanics, electricians, technicians, crane operators, logistic personnel etc. JRM has its offshore work team from senior, experienced marine construction personnel up to supervisory level on a permanent basis. The construction team is supported on the platform by project personnel whose responsibilities are keyed to specific areas, systems and disciplines. These personnel are linked to the craft supervisors and establish priorities, interpret drawings, identify & rectify shortages, etc. Within an area, various disciplines work simultaneously, however, limited by safety considerations and reasonable access to the work. JRM supervisory personnel and high level workers execute offshore activities for platform topside works as per the planned schedules. Services offered by JRM include Top side Hook-up / Modification of Platform module with the following : Piping Installation & Hook-up Equipments Installation & Hook-up Electrical / Instrumentation Installation & Hook-up Internal revamping of Separators / Pressure Vessel Structural Installation Riser Tie-ins & associated modifications Fire & Gas Detection System
MAINTENANCE
JRM is well knit with experienced personnel to provide regular maintenance required at offshore platforms. The team has invaluable
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56
know-how and experience in the preventive maintenance of major equipments on platforms. JRM has undertaken critical maintenance works for ONGCL at very short mobilization notice, at times when there has been a rupture/leak in Oil / Gas lines or other platform facilities. Various other services offered by JRM are: Supply of special Construction Equipment and Material. Supply of skilled / semi-skilled manpower.
HEALTH & SAFETY ENVIRONMENT POLICY

J. Ray McDermott, Inc. considers the protection of human Health, Safety, and the Environment for all its employees, contractors, customers, and the community to be of primary importance. As such the Company will maintain a Health, Safety and Environmental (HSES) program conforming to the best management practices of marine and construction operations. The overall success of the HSES program is based on the following:
Management commitment, planning, and accountability: Management is responsible and accountable for protecting employees, assets, and the environment in accordance with the Company Charter and Philosophy. In addition, the prevention of injuries, illnesses and pollution must be made a priority during project planning, operations, maintenance and construction activities.
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Employee participation and accountability: Managers and supervisors are accountable for the actions of their subordinates and will always reinforce safe work behaviors. All employees are responsible for stopping and reporting unsafe acts and conditions, and for following Company HSES policies and procedures. Compliance: The Company will comply with all applicable Health, Safety & Environmental regulations, codes, and standards, and will develop and enforce procedures that provide instruction to all employees Training: identifying The their responsibilities will provide for meeting to or exceeding these requirements.
Company
training
ensure
understanding of good HSES practices, Company procedures and regulatory requirements.
Continuous
Improvement:
The
Company
will
strive
for
continuous improvement in its HSES performance through regular measurement and review of its objectives, targets, programs, procedures and processes. Managers, supervisors, employees, contractors, customers, and vendors must work together to develop proper attitudes, practice and promote proper work habits, use good judgment, and comply with all applicable HSES rules and regulations to ensure J. Ray McDermott, Inc. is a safe and respectable environment in which to work.
QUALITY
JRM is an API approved company for the Design, Manufacture, Repair, Upgrade, Installation and Decommissioning of Hoisting Equipment and Drilling Structures; Provision of Rig Audits and Inspection/Survey Services. The company is dedicated to complete integrity of its operations and services and this is reflected in the commitment to Quality .
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The company has developed and implemented a Quality Management System that complies with the requirements of both ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001 and ISM, provides a framework for all JRM Business Units
Project & operation committee

This committee deals with all matters relating to Projects and Operations both onshore and offshore. The main aim is to establish common objectives for the contracting community in project execution and implementation. It works closely with the employment practices committee and is responsible for the compilation of the projected workload surveys that forecast resource requirements for the year ahead. The predictions, coupled with those from the Employment Practices Committee, give the association the facility to accurately project future resource requirements. The Committee also addresses new directives introduced by the Dubai Union and legislation set out by the Government. The potential impact of the recent Pressure Equipment Directive is typical of the items tackled. A common contracting position is being established and there will be discussions with other bodies to reach an industry-wide consensus.
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The committee will be focusing on working practices to see how best to improve the methods in operation by members and others in the industry.
HUMAN RESOURCE
J .Ray McDermott is a leading worldwide marine construction company. Our services include design, fabrication, transportation, and installation of new and refurbished offshore platforms, installation of offshore pipelines, and design and installation of sub sea facilities for the offshore oil and gas industry. The diversity of our services reflects the company's commitment to the world's energy future. The fulfillment of that commitment begins with our employees. We offer not only the chance to play a key role in solving the world's energy problems, but also a career opportunity with a company that promotes from within and helps you grow to your fullest potential. Philosophy The success of J. Ray McDermott is dependent upon its employees. To create and maintain a competitive advantage, J. Ray McDermott
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requires a work force that is motivated, skilled, effectively led and managed. As such, we recognize the importance of quality employee programs for recruiting, development, motivation and retention. With facilities located around the world, we are committed to creating a challenging and rewarding work environment for each facility whereby employees are goal focused programs. Within J. Ray McDermott's Company Charter our values and guiding principles describes how we conduct ourselves with colleagues, our customers, vendors and communities as we go about accomplishing the mission, vision and goals of our company. and motivated through these people oriented
J. Ray Mc Dermott Around The World
JRM located in many country also they got a construction contract from many country. In India they got a contract from ONGC & Reliance. JRM
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is one of biggest offshore construction company therefore they got a contract from many country. JRM located country are as follows : Dubai Batam Jakarta Morgan city Harbor island Singapore Malaysia India ( Mumbai only ) Perth Houston
On Shore Job Execution Is Same Of Both Organizations Are As Follows:
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FLOATING OF TENDER BY ONGCL & OTHER INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
PROPOSAL
LETTER OF INTENT
DRAWING AND DOCUMENTS PROJECT PLANNING
MATERIAL RECEPTION AND INSPECTION
QA / QC
MARKING & CUTTING
FIT UP PAINTING WELDING
PACKING
NDT TRANSPORT TO OFFSHORE ETC. GRIT BLASTING
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ONSHORE
JOB
EXECUTION
IN
DETAIL
(OHCS
&
J.
Ray
McDermott)
TENDER FLOATING BY OIL COMPANY

The Client or customer floats a tender in market which contains contract and bid documents. These two further include commercial terms, technical terms, scope of work and bid specification.
PROPOSAL
After studying the tender OHCS prepares a proposal. aspects : 1. Technical : This includes :Scope of work Terms and conditions Background i.e. previous projects undertaken Resources which include : a. Manpower b. Equipment c. Organisation chart d. Project Schedule 2. Commercial : All price related terms are included in this. Proposal has two
LETTER OF INTENT
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64
The Contractor or the Sub Contractor who makes the lowest bid gets the contract. The Client if directly gives the contract to a Company then, that Company is a Contractor. The Contractor may grant parts of the project further to some other Company. Contractor. After contract has been given to the Contractor a letter of Intent or LOI is given to it by the client. It includes a parameter called Liquidated LD means that a certain percentage Damages (LD). If the Contractor fails to complete the job within the given time the Client imposes LD on it. (given in LOI) of money it is supposed to give to the Contractor would be deducted per day after the allocated time period is over. Then that Company becomes sub-
DRAWINGS AND DOCUMENTS

After contract copy is signed by Client and Contractor the Contractor is given the drawings and documents for the project.
PROJECT PLANNING
Project planning is done by contract as to how to go by the project. includes parameters like : Manpower mobilization i.e. when and how many workers should be working on a particular aspect of the job. Equipment Project material Project monitoring which is done to ensure whether the project is being completed as per the given time. Job sequence Micro schedules and activity breakup.
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It
It is done using Daily
Progress Reports [DPR] and next day plans.
65
RECEPTION OF MATERIAL
Material received is of two kinds : (a) Free issue material : It is the material that the Client gives to Contractor. (b) Self procured material : It is the material that the Contractor itself has to arrange (is part of lump sum cost).
INSPECTION OF MATERIAL
Inspection of material is done by the Third Party Agency. It checks whether the grade and heat no. of the material matches with the Test Certificate (TC). After the inspection is done material inspection report So if the material is as per code it is (MIR) is prepared. This has to be signed by the Third Party Agency before carrying out the project further. approved by Third Party for fabrication.
QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL (QA / QC)

QA/QC means work procedure to be carried out to assure quality. includes : a. Execution Procedure : Which includes micro schedules of project. The whole activity is broken up into parts so that each part can be completed within given time constraints with expected quality. b. Fabrication Procedure : Which includes methods to be used for fabrication.
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This
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c.
NDT Procedure
This includes methods of Non-destructive
Testing (NDT) to be used for evaluation of joints. The various methods of NDT are Radiography, Ultrasonic Testing, Magnetic Particle and Dye Penetrate Inspection. The documents of the QA/QC are submitted to the Client for approval.
MARKING AND CUTTING

After material is approved for fabrication grinding of pipes and fittings is done to make the surface smooth. degree. Bevel preparation should as per
FIT UP
The fit up of pipes before welding is witnessed by the Third Party Agency. It checks where the orientation is as per drawing or not, ID of the material and whether the gap between the fit up is accurate or not. A fit up report is prepared which has to be signed by the Third Party Agency.
WELDING
Two types of welding are generally done for pipes. (a) Gas Tungsten Arc Welding [GTAW] : It is a welding process that
uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas usually an inert gas such as argon and a filler metal is normally used, though some welds, known as autogenous welds dont require it. constant current welding power supply produces energy which A is
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67
conducted across the arc through a column of highly ionized gas and metal vapours known as Plasma. This process grants the operator greater control over the weld than SMAW or Submerged Metal Arc Welding allowing for stronger, higher quality welds. However, GTAW is more complex and difficult to master and further more it is significantly slower than other welding techniques. This welding has fewer defects then SMAW because of inert gas. (b) Shielded Metal Arc Welding [SMAW] : It is also known as manual metal arc (MMA) welding or informally as stick welding is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to lay the weld. A electric current in the form of either AC or DC from a welding As the weld is laid, the flux coating of electrode power supply is used to form an electric arc between the electrode and metals to be joined. disintegrates, giving off vapours that serve as shielding gas and providing a layer of slag, both of which protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination. Because of the versatility of the process and simplicity of its equipment and operation, SMAW is a very popular welding process. It dominates SMAW other welding processes in the maintenance and repair industry.
continues to be used extensively in construction of steel structures and industrial fabrication. The process is primarily used to weld iron and steel (including stainless steel) but aluminum, nickel and copper alloys can also be welded with this method. In piping a combination of GTAW and SMAW is used. GTAW is used for
making root and hot pass and SMAW is used for filling and capping.
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68
PAINTING
Within 2 hours of Grit blasting a primer coat of Zinc silicate of thickness 40 50 is applied. painting. It is a preparatory coating put on materials before Primary insures better adhesion of paint to the surface,
increases paint durability and provides additional protection for the material being painted. After priming at least 8 hrs should be given to the material before applying first coat of paint. Its thickness should be around 75. After yet another 12 hrs second coat of paint is applied. This also must have a thickness of 75. After painting is done the coat is checked by the Third Party Agency using a coat meter. The thickness should come around 300. A painting report is prepared which is signed by Third Party Agency.
PACKING
After painting report is cleared the product is finished. The product is
packed in respective box, container, rack etc. depending upon size, material and use . Packing list is prepared and product is put in respective package. After this inspection of product is done as per packing list and then packed items are stored in a safe area. Water contact is avoided.
TRANSPORTATION :
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After the packaging the final product packages are transported at offshore construction area by ship because these final products are very heavy therefore the product packages are transfer by use of water transportation.
CONCLUSION:
Both the industry are well reputed in the world because of there construction work. Some times J RAY McDermott given the contract to OHCS so we see that they have a good business relation. Both companys are tack care of there employees. They play important role in successes of country economic growth. Both the company have the domestic as well as international client. They have a similar working strategy.
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70
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Books: Production Technology 1 & 2, By Mr. O.P. Khanna Website: www.google.com www.altavista.com www.jraymcdomott.com www.ohcs.com www.hook-upoffshore.com
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OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

subcontractors. They may be companies, partnerships or self-employed individuals.

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

NEED OF OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

PIPING CLAYING (CONSTRUCTION):

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

IMPORTANTS OF R & D DEPARTMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

GAS SOLUTION: (Example)

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

R & D PROVIDE SAFETY AND SECURITY SOLUTION

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

THE RELEVANT MARKETS OF OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT MARKET:

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

KEY FACTORS IN ECONOMIC SUCSESS

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

REDUCTION IN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT TIME

The success of any construction project

projects underscores the

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

economics for offshore

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

CRISIS ON OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTED LOCATION

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

RECOVERY FROM CRISIS

Long Term (2 years+)

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

Construction of new surface facilities

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE HOOK-UP AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE HOOK-UP AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

ISO 9000: 2001

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

DESIGN & DETAIL ENGINEERING

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

INSTALLATION, HOOK-UP, TESTING, PRE-COMMISSIONING AND COMMISSIONING

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

Assist in inert gas purging , drying etc. prior to flow of hydrocarbons.

OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, RAPCCE

Supply of skilled / semi-skilled manpower.

QUALITY CONTROL, INSPECTION,TESTING & CALIBRATION