Fundamental Information System Concepts That Computer networks are systems of information processing components.

. That Business uses of Computer networks are reallyinterco nne cted business information systems. That developing ways to use computer networks in business includes designing the basic components of information systems. That managing information technology emphasizes the quality, business value, and security of an organizations information systems. Definition of system: System is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting input and producing outputs in an organized transformation process. System has three basic interacting components or Functions: 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 1.InputInvolves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. For ex. Raw materials, energy, data, and human effort must be secured and organized for processing. 2.Processing involves transformation processes that convert into output. Ex: manufacturing process, the human breathing process or mathematical calculations. 3.Output involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination. E.g. finished products, human services, and management information must be transmitted to their human users.

The system concept becomes even more useful by including two addition components: feedback and control. A system with feedback and control components is sometimes called a Cyber ne tic sy ste m that is self monitoring and self regulating system. Feedback: is data about the performance of a system. Ex. Data about sales performance is feedback to a sales manager. Control: invol ves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal. The control function then makes necessary adjustments to a systems input and processing components to ensure that it produces proper output. A business is an organizational system where economic resources of (input) are

transformed by various organization processes (processing) into goods and services (output). Information Systems provide information (feedback) on the operations of the system to management for the direction and maintenance of the system (control), as it exchanges inputs and outputs with its environment. Components of Information System Information system Model that expresses a fundamental conceptual framework for major components and activities of information systems. Information System depends on the resources of 1.People (End user and IS specialists) 2.Hardware (Machine and Media) 3.Software (Program and procedures) 4.Data (Data and knowledge base) 5.Network (communication media and Network support) to perform input, processing, output, storage and control activities that convert data resources into information products. Information system model highlights the relationships among the components and activities of information systems. It provides a framework that emphasizes four major concepts that can applied to all types of information systems. There are the five basic resources of information system. People resources include end users and are specialists Specialist: - System analysis, programmer, computer operators. End user: - any one else who uses information system. hardware resources consist of machine and media, Machines : Computers, Video monitors, magnetic disk drive, printers, output scanners. Media: Floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disks, paper forms, plastic card. Software resources include both programs and procedures, Prog rams : operating system, spreadsheet programs, word processing programs, payroll program. Procedures : data entry procedures, error correction procedures, paycheck distribution procedures. Data resources can include data and knowledge base, Data resources are transformed by information processing activities into a variety of information products for end users. Procedure descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventory database. Network resources include communications media and networks.

 Information processing consists of input, processing, output, storage, and control activities. Communications media, communications processors, network access and control software. Information Products: Management reports, and Business documents using text and graphics displays, Audio responses and paper forms. Information System Activities 1. Input: - Optical scanning of bar-code tags on merchandise. 2. Processing: - Calculating employee pay, taxes and other payroll deductions. 3. Output: - Producing reports and display about sales performance. 4.Storage: -Maintaining records on customers, employees, and products. 5. Control: -Generating audible single to indicate proper entry of sales data. Ove rview of Inf orm ati on Sy st em s Information system plays three information roles in the business success of an enterprise. Support of its business processes and operations. Support of decision making by its managers. Support of its strategies for competitive advantage.