Extended Essay Cyan Koay

4000- 5000 word limit 1.5 margin on left of each page Double spaced typing Longer quotations should be set without quotation marks in a separate paragraph, singlespaced, and may if you wish also be indented. An introductory section may often usefully include a survey of existing literature on a topic and pointers to particular areas interest, or problems.

Cuba Wiki The Cuban Revolution was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the regime of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. The revolution began in July 1953,[4] and finally ousted Batista on 1 January 1959, replacing his regime with Castro's revolutionary government. Castro's government later reformed along communist lines, becoming the present Communist Party of Cuba in October 1965 Perna,Timba 2 Boom of tourism, in particular, has proved extremely beneficial to Cuban dance music, nurturing the success of a distinctive new style

Mambo
Grove A ballroom dance derived from the Cuban rumba. In the mid-1940s it appeared in Cuban ballrooms and acquired elements of swing and other jazz styles. It was known in the USA particularly through the band of PREZ PRADO, who toured the Americas in the late 1940s; his records were popular first among Spanish speakers in the USA, and his songs (e.g. Qu rico el mambo) were performed all over the country by the early 1950s. The mambo spread throughout western Europe after 1955. It is danced by couples, either completely apart or in a ballroom embrace but held slightly apart, with a hiprocking motion similar to the rumba but using forward and backward steps. Unlike most dances the steps begin on the fourth beat (of a 4/4 bar), against polyrhythms in the accompaniment accentuated with maracas and claves. The mambo has given rise to other Latin American dances, notably the cha cha cha. In salsa, the term also refers to the brass choruses featured in the montuno section.

Cuban Music in the USA: Cultural Transfer in 20th Century America P. Manuel: http://www.jstor.org/stable/898544?seq=5 Grove Online: Gerard Bhague and Robin Moore.
The history of art music in Cuba shows that it surpassed that of any other Caribbean island, although colonial music started much later there than in the larger Latin American countries. The first decisive step towards musical nationalism in Cuba was taken by Ignacio Cervantes (1847 1905), the most important Cuban composer of his generation.

Extended Essay Cyan Koay

Among his many works the 45 Danzas cubanas for piano (187595), many of them contradanzas, combine folk-music elements of both Afro-Cuban and Guajiro traditions in a Romantic virtuoso piano style. Music genres associated with Afro-Cuban religious worship, for instance, have never been played consistently in the mass media and are considered non-musical or even offensive to some listeners. Such attitudes are most common among white/Hispanic Cubans, some of whom continue to associate African-derived expression with poverty, ignorance and superstition. Rather than conceiving of Cuban music as a single, monolithic entity, it is more helpful to view it as a conglomerate of distinct styles and tendencies which have affected one another to varying degrees over time.

Peter Manuel: Essays on Cuban Music: North American and Cuban Perspectives- The Charanga in New York and the Persistence of the Tpico Style, John P. Murphy Tpico style: traditional way of playing Cuban-derived dance music in the charanga ensemble which features flute and violin New York charanga musicians have maintained the tipico style through several cycles of high and low popularity over the past several decades Charanga has roots from the Cuban danzn and dates from the late 19th-century

Emilio Grenet : Popular Cuban Music IX a great part of the world which sings Cuban songs does not know from whence the new rhythm which It has adopted comes. Thus the people closely link to Cuban by geographical location, like North America, or blood ties, like Spain, fail lamentably to understand the distant and definite personality embodies in our songs and imbue them with meanings which are entirely foreign. J.S Roberts: The Latin Tinge Vii Over the past century, Latin music has been the greatest outside influence on the popular music styles of the United States, and by a very wide margin indeed. Virtually all of the major popular forms- Tin Pan Alley, stage and film music, jazz, rhythm and blues, country music, rockhave been affected throughout their development by the idioms of Brazil, Cuba, or Mexico. Moreover, these Latin ingredients have gained in strength over the years: not only does the standard repertory contain a significant representation of the tunes of Latin-American origin or inspiration, but the whole rhythmic basis of U.S popular music has become to some extent Latinized Chapter 6: Mambo Time 127 The mambos period of major success spanned the first half of the 1950s. Perez Prado, perhaps first to reach large non- Latin audiences: 1951 West Coast U.S tour had a crowd of 2500 in LA. Two weeks later, 3500 in San Fran. Prado was less successful in New York whose people were accustomed to the greater sophistication of Machito and Curbelo, Tito Puente and Tito Rodriguez.

Extended Essay Cyan Koay

Prado symbolized the mambo to the American public- and its commercialization to most Latins 128 Prados work abolishes the Cuban three-part structure, and has vitually no instrumental solos, it lacks both formal and internal complexity. Que Rico el Mambo- the basis of the mambos mass popularity- and Mambo no.9are most archetypal, with their simple group-chanted vocals, the grunting Unh! in the breaks that become Prados trademark, and their rolling sax riffs and stabbing brass phrasings. 130 Puentes sound was always busier and more nervous than Rodriguezs, based on heavier brass writing. Puentes arranging was fast, tight, jumping, bravura (like his timbales playing).

Vincenzo Perna: Timba: the Sound of theCuban Crisis Intro 1 Together with Brazil, Cuba is probably the Latin American country that during the 20th century has made the strongest impact on international music. acknowledgement not matched by comparable literature n Cuban music, especially music made after the revolution 2. An urban style mainly developed in Havana, timba in fact shows and economically related to street-life; it comments in slang on sex, money and life in the barrio (neighbourhood); it is frequently controversial.