3/9/2013 Breathing It is exchange of gases inside lungs It is the inhalation and exhalation of air.

Aerobic respiration It is the burning of food with oxygen to produce energy.

Anaerobic respiration It the producing of energy from food in absence of oxygen.

Human Respiratory system It consists of : Nose: 1. It has hair to trap dust. 2. It has mucus to moist air 3. It has blood capillaries to warm air Nose is the safety valve of your respiratory system. Why?

Pharynx It is the common passage of air and food. Larynx It is a voice organ It has epiglottis to close it when you swallow food or drink water. Trachea and bronchi It allows air to pass from larynx to lungs It consists of cartilaginous rings to keep it open all the time. It is lined with cilia that make flicking in one way to move mucus outside trachea. Lungs They consist of alveoli which covered with very thin blood capillaries Exchange of gases takes place through the wall of alveoli Lungs have spongy appearance because they consist of tiny air sacs called alveoli

Lungs have pink colour because the alveoli covered with tiny blood capillaries Diaphragm It is a thin muscular sheet that separate between thorax and abdomen It helps in respiration mechanism Pleural membrane It surrounds pleural cavity that contain fluid around lungs to protect them from friction with chest Intercostal muscles and ribs They surround and protect lungs They help in respiration mechanism H.W With a fully labelled diagram show the structure of human respiratory system with the function of each part.

8/9/2013 Inhaling - Exhaling Inhaling In External Upward Contracts Downwards Increases Increases Decreases Inhaled in Exhaling Out Internal Downward Relaxes upwards Decreases Decreases Increases Exhaled out

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

It is the act of breathing .........intercostal muscle contract Ribs move Diaphragm Diaphragm moves Volume of chest Volume of lungs Air pressure in lungs Air is

What is meant by? 1. Ventilation It is the movement of air inside and outside lungs 2. Respiration rate It is the number of breathing per unit time 3. Tidal volume The volume of air which enters and comes out from lungs at rest 4. Residual volume The volume of air which can't be exhaled out inside the lung 5. Vital capacity It is the maximum volume of air which can be exhaled out or inhaled in hard exercises. 7

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Quiz Define: 1. Vital capacity 2. Breathing rate 3. Internal respiration Compare between inhaling and exhaling processes

15/9/2013 Smoking Harmful substances Carbon monoxide It is produced due to incomplete combustion of chemicals in cigarette Red blood cells have greater affinity to combine with carbon monoxide than oxygen So smokers suffer from short breathing with high rate to compensate the shortage of oxygen in blood Tar It causes the paralysis of cilia It has carcinogenic effect Nicotine It increases the blood pressure It increases the ability of blood to coagulate inside arteries and veins causing thrombus or stroke It causes addiction Emphysema It causes the destroying of alveoli because smoking make alveoli wall thinner so coughing cause its destruction so the surface area of exchange gases is decreased Bronchitis Accumulation of mucus in trachea act as a very good culture for bacteria to survive causing inflammation in lungs Tuberculosis The smokers are exposed to infection with bacteria that cause this disease because the immune system of smokers becomes weak. Lung cancer Cancer means the cells lose their ability to control cell division so they divide continuously forming tumor, this tumor will make function as some endocrine glands cause disturbance in the body Tar induces cancer There is a correlation between lung cancer and smoker not causation Because all infected persons with lung cancer were smokers but not all smokers have lung cancer. Short term effect of smoking 1. Rise in blood pressure 2. Coughing Long term effect 1. Emphysema 2. Lung cancer 3. Bronchitis

H.W Book page 123, 126, 127 and 129

17/9/2013 Page 127 Pumping exhaled air in lungs increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood that act as signal for brain to speed up the breathing mechanism and return its activity again. Tidal volume 500 cm3 in one inhale, in one minute, 16 x500 = 8 liters Vital capacity 3.5 litre in one inhale, in one minute, 20X3.5 = 70 liters Similarities 1. Both of them have very large surface area 2. Both wall of them made of one cell thick 3. Both of them have very rich blood capillaries

Quiz Mention the function of: 1. Lungs 2. Diaphragm Mention the harmful chemicals formed on burning cigarette with the harmful of each one on your healthy condition.kl

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Excretion
It is the getting rid of waste products outside the body in the form of: Urine through urinary system Sweat through skin Exhaled air contains CO2 through lungs. Excretory substances Urea Uric acid Excess salts Water Excretory organs Skin -------------------excrete sweat Liver ------------------forms urea Kidneys----------------excrete urine Lungs------------excrete exhaled air which contains carbon dioxide and water vapour

and the kidneys

What is meant by each of the followings? 1. Excretion 2. Ultrafiltration 3. Selective reabsorption 4. Osmoregulation 5. Homeostasis