ADJECTIVE

In grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun (called the adjective's subject), giving more information about what the noun or pronoun refers to. Collectively, adjectives form one of the traditional eight parts of speech, though linguists today distinguish adjectives from words such as determiners that used to be considered adjectives but that are now recognized to be different. Face Shape

Complexion

Thin

Fat (plump) Tall

Short

Eyes

Large Eyes

Small Eyes

Almond-shaped eyes

Round eyes

Mouth/Lips

Thin lips

Full lips

Hair Wavy hair hair Curly hair Straight hair Spiky

Hair colors

Black, brown, blond, auburn, red, gray, silver, white

FORM 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 3rd person affirmative 3rd person sentences 1st person (+) pl. 2nd person pl. 3rd person pl. SUBJECT I you he she it we you they

SUBJECT BE VERB I you he she it we you they am are is is is are are are

Contraction I'm you're he's she's it's we're you're they're

EXAMPLE I'm here. You're busy. He's a friend. She's a doctor. It's cold today. We're hungry. You're beautiful. They're asleep.

BE VERB Contraction am not are not is not is not is not are not are not are not I'm not you aren't you're not he isn't he's not she isn't she's not it isn't it's not we aren't we're not you aren't you're not they aren't they're not

EXAMPLE I'm not thirsty. You aren't here. You're not a cat! He isn't there. He's not at home. She isn't a mother. She's not an actress. It isn't warm today. It's not too hot today. We aren't asleep. We're not sleepy. You aren't tired. You're not at work. They aren't here. They're not at work.

negative sentences (-)

BE VERB & SUBJECT Am I correct? Are you tired? Is he asleep? Is she here? questions (?) Is it warm? Are we students? Are you thirsty? Are they here?

(+) Short Answer Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, you are. Yes, they are.

(-) Short Answer No, I'm not. No, you aren't. No, you're not. No, he isn't. No, he's not. No, she isn't. No, she's not. No, it isn't. No, it's not. No, we aren't. No, we're not. No, you aren't. No, you're not. No, they aren't. No, they're not.

PROFESSIONS: SECRETARY - FARMER - ARCHITECT - NURSE - HOSTESS - VET TEACHER - POLICE OFFICER - SINGER - COOK - PAINTER JOURNALIST - DOCTOR - PILOT - WAITER - MECHANIC POSTMAN - WAITRESS - PHOTOGRAPHER - BAKER HOUSEWIFE - BUTCHER - STUDENT - HAIRDRESSER BUS DRIVER - DENTIST - FACTORY WORKER - BARBER

It is not always an easy thing to tell the difference between living, dead, and nonliving things. Prior to the 1600's many people believed that nonliving things could spontaneously turn into living things. For example, it was believed that piles of straw could turn into mice. That is obviously not the case. There are some very general rules to follow when trying to decide if something is living, dead, or non-living. Listed here are the six rules used by scientists:

Living things are made of cells. Living things obtain and use energy. Living things grow and develop. Living things reproduce. Living things respond to their environment. Living things adapt to their environment.

If something follows one or just a few of the rules listed above, it does not necessarily mean that it is living. To be considered alive, an object must exhibit all of the characteristics of living things. Sugar crystals growing on the bottom of a syrup container is a good example of a nonliving object that displays at least one criteria for living organisms. Can you think of some other examples of nonliving objects displaying living characteristics?

CONCEPTUALIZATION* LIVING THINGS We are surrounded by living and non-living things. All animals and plants are living things and biology is the study of these living things. A cat playing with a ball is obviously living. A pigeon flying from tree to tree is also a living thing. Sometimes it is not so easy to decide. Plants are living things but they do not play with balls or fly. If something is living it will carry out all of the seven activities shown opposite. Some non-living things show one or two of the seven characteristics of living things. Machines, such as washing machines, can move. The car needs to be fed with petrol in order to move. Crystals, such as ice crystals forming on a window, grow bigger if the conditions are right. For something to be living it has to show all of the seven characteristics of living things. The Seven Characteristics of Living Things Feeding: All living organisms need to take substances from their environment to obtain energy, to grow and to stay healthy.
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Movement: All living organisms show movement of one kind or another. All living organisms have internal movement, which means that they have the ability of moving substances from one part of their body to another. Some living organisms show external movement as well - they can move from place to place by walking, flying or swimming. Breathing or Respiration: All living things exchange gases with their environment. Animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Excretion: Excretion is the removal of waste from the body. If this waste was allowed to remain in the body it could be poisonous. Humans produce a liquid waste called urine. We also excrete waste when we breathe out. All living things need to remove waste from their bodies. Growth: When living things feed they gain energy. Some of this energy is used in growth. Living things become larger and more complicated as they grow. Sensitivity: Living things react to changes around them. We react to touch, light, heat, cold and sound, as do other living things. Reproduction: All living things produce young. Humans make babies, cats produce kittens and pigeons lay eggs. Plants also reproduce. Many make seeds which can germinate and grow into new plants NON-LIVING THINGS

Sand, wood and glass are all non-living things. None of them shows any of the characteristics listed above. Non-living things can be divided into two groups. First, come those which were never part of a living thing, such as stone and gold. The second group are those which were once part of living things. Coal is a good example. It was formed when trees died and sank into the soft ground. This happened many millions of years ago when the Earth was covered with forests. Paper is non-living but it is also made from trees. Jam is also non-living but it was made from the fruit of a plant.

England is the largest, and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total population of the United Kingdom, while the mainland territory of England occupies most of the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. Elsewhere, it is bordered by the North Sea, Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, Bristol Channel and English Channel. England became a unified state in the year 927 and takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled there during the 5th and 6th centuries. The capital of England is London, the largest urban area in Great Britain, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most, but not all, measures.

England ranks amongst the world's most influential and far-reaching centres of cultural development. It is the place of origin of the English language and the Church of England, and English law forms the basis of the legal systems of many countries; in addition, London was the centre of the British Empire, and the country was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. England was the first country in the world to become industrialised England is home to the Royal Society, which laid the foundations of modern experimental science. England was the world's first modern parliamentary democracy and consequently many constitutional, governmental and legal innovations that had their origin in England have been widely adopted by other nations.

The Kingdom of England was a separate state, including the Principality of Wales, until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain

Geography
England comprises the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus offshore islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight. It is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. It is closer to continental Europe than any other part of Britain, divided from France only by a 24-statute mile (52 km or 21 nautical mile) sea gap. The Channel Tunnel, near Folkestone, directly links England to the European mainland. The English/French border is halfway along the tunnel.

Much of England consists of rolling hills, but it is generally more mountainous in the north with a chain of low mountains, the Pennines, dividing east and west. Other hilly areas in the north and Midlands are the Lake District, the North York Moors, and the Peak District. The approximate dividing line between terrain types is often indicated by the Tees-Exe line. To the south of that line, there are larger areas of flatter land, including East Anglia and the Fens, although hilly areas include the Cotswolds, the Chilterns, the North and South Downs, Dartmoor and Exmoor.

The largest natural harbour in England is at Poole, on the south-central coast. Some regard it as the second largest harbour in the world, after Sydney, Australia, although this fact is disputed (see harbours for a list of other large natural harbour).

Borders

North: South: West: East:

Scotland English Channel France Irish Sea Ireland North Sea

Climate England has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round, although the seasons are quite variable in temperature. However, temperatures rarely fall below 5 C (23 F) or rise above 30 C (86 F). The prevailing wind is from the south-west, bringing mild and wet weather to England regularly from the Atlantic Ocean. It is driest in the east and warmest in the south, which is closest to the European mainland. Snowfall can occur in winter and early spring, although it is not that common away from high ground. The highest temperature recorded in England is 38.5 C (101.3 F) on August 10, 2003 at Brogdale, near Faversham, in Kent. The lowest temperature recorded in England is 26.1 C (15.0 F) on January 10, 1982 at Edgmond, near Newport, in Shropshire.

SYMBOLS OF ENGLAND The three national symbols of England are the St. George's cross (usually seen as a flag), the red rose and the Three Lions crest (usually seen as a badge).

St George's Flag, the England Flag Three Lions Emblem

The three lions are on the badge of England's cricket team

The three lions are on the badge of England's football team

The red rose is widely recognised as the national flower of England.

The red rose is on the badge of the English Rugby Union team.

The oak is the national tree of England

The Royal Family

Queen Elizabeth

Prince Charles

Prince William

Division Division is splitting into equal parts or groups. It is the result of "fair sharing". Example: there are 12 chocolates, and 3 friends want to share them, how do they divide the chocolates?

12 Chocolates

12 Chocolates Divided by 3

Answer: 12 divided by 3 is 4: they get 4 each. Symbols / We use the symbol, or sometimes the / symbol to mean divide:

12 3 = 4 12 / 3 = 4 I will use both symbols here so you get used to it.

Opposite of Multiplying Division is the opposite of multiplying. If you know a multiplication fact you can find a division fact: Example: 3 5 = 15, so 15 / 5 = 3. Also 15 / 3 = 5. Why? Well it is easy to understand if you think of the numbers in rows and columns like in this illustration: Multiplication... 3 groups of 5 make 15... and also: 5 groups of 3 make 15... so 15 divided by 5 is 3. ...Division so 15 divided by 3 is 5

So there are four related facts:

3 5 = 15 5 3 = 15 15 / 3 = 5 15 / 5 = 3

Knowing your Multiplication Tables can help you with division! Example: What is 56 7 ? Searching around the multiplication table you find that 56 is 7 8, so 56 divided by 7 must be 8. Answer: 56 7 = 8.

Names There are special names for each number in a division: dividend divisor = quotient Example: in 12 3 = 4: 12 is the dividend 3 is the divisor 4 is the quotient

But Sometimes It Does Not Work Perfectly! Sometimes you cannot divide things up evenly ... there may be something left over. Example: There are 7 bones to share with 2 pups. But 7 cannot be divided exactly into 2 groups, so each pup gets 3 bones, but there will be 1 left over:

We call that the Remainder.

EXAMPLE