2009 IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology

A New Extraction Method for the Characteristic Impedance and Effective Dielectric Constant of Transmission Line with DGS
Minwoo Kang1, Sunju Park1, Kwisoo Kim1, Sang-Min Han1, Jongsik Lim1, Kwansun Choi1 and Dal Ahn1
1

Department of Electrical Communication System Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, 336-745, Republic Of Korea Email: elano@ramrec.sch.ac.kr

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new extraction method for the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a microstrip line. It extracts the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a microstrip line that uses the results of S Parameters through the EM Simulation. And it also extracts the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of microstrip line with DGS and compare the variation of frequency response. We simulate a microstrip line which has a dumbbell type DGS, and extract the electrical length, characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant according to the DGSs size and the number of DGS. From these results, we analyze how DGS influence the variation of the transmission line characteristics such as the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a microstrip line. Index Terms Microstrip line, S Parameter, electrical length, characteristic impedance, effective dielectric constant, DGS (Defected Ground Structure)

Fig. 1.

A transmission line expressing reflected and transmitted waves.

II. ANALYZE AND A EXTRACTION METHOD Fig. 1 represents a transmission line expressing reflected and transmitted waves. And the transmission line can be expressed ABCD Parameter as Eq. (1). In Eq. (1), the Zoc and Yoc are the characteristic impedance and admittance of the transmission line, respectively, in Fig. 1.

I. INTRODUCTION The demand for communication devices has been growing rapidly due to the development of the wireless communication system market. Also, because of the increase in the clock speed of digital communication circuits, many circuits have EMI and crosstalk problems. Because the connection lines in digital circuits act as transmission lines in a high speed clock system. [1][2] Transmission lines are basic elements in a circuit and because they are used widely, it is very important to extract their characteristic parameters to design better performing circuits. In this paper, we propose a new extraction method for the characteristic parameters of microstrip transmission lines with DGS. [3] Furthermore, we extract the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a transmission line, according to the changes of the size and number of DGS. So, we compare and analyze the dielectric constants and the characteristic impedances.

A B cos = C D jY0C sin

jZ 0C sin cos

(1)

The ABCD Parameter can be calculated by using the conversion formula between the S Parameter and the ABCD - Parameter as in Eq. (2). [4]

A=

(1 + S11 )(1 S22 ) + S12 S21

2S21

B = Z 0C C = Y0C D=

(1 + S11 )(1 + S22 ) S12 S21

2S21

(1 S11 )(1 S22 ) S12 S21

2S 21 2S 21

(2)

(1 S11 )(1 + S22 ) S12 S21

978-1-4244-5032-9/09/$26.00 2009 IEEE

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Using Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), the electrical length of transmission line can be calculated as Eq. (3).

l
C

eff

180

[deg]

(3)

Eq. (4) represents the effective dielectric constant of the transmission line and it can be calculated by using Eq. (3).

Fig. 3 (a) and (b) represent the frequency response of the electric length and effective dielectric constant of Fig. 2, which were obtained by using EM Simulation result (HFSS Ver. 11.1.1 of Ansoft Co.). And Eq. (5) is the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line, and it can be calculated by using Eq. (2). Fig. 4. shows the frequency response of the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line. Data in Fig. 4. represents the characteristic impedance of Fig. 2. at about 48.6 on center frequency.

eff = cos 1 A l

(4)

Z0 =

Im[ B] 1 A2

(5)

Microstrip line having 50 characteristic impedance at 2GHz center frequency was simulated to prove the validity of this extraction method in extracting the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a transmission line. Fig. 2. shows the microstrip line of 1.85mm in line width(a) and 22.53mm in line length(b) at 2GHz center frequency.

(b) Fig. 3. Extracted parameters of transmission line (a) Electrical length (b) Effective dielectric constant

Fig. 2.

A microstrip transmission line ( fc = 2GHz )

Fig. 4. Extracted transmission line (a)

characteristic

impedance

of

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III. THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE AND EFFECTIVE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF TRANSMISSION LINE WITH DGS Fig. 5. shows the microstrip line inserted with a dumbbell type DGS in ground plane. We simulate this line to extract the electrical length, characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant.

(c) Fig. 6. The variation of characteristic parameters when DGSs size is changed. (a) Electrical length (b) Effective dielectric constant (c) Characteristic impedance

Fig. 5. A microstrip dumbbell type DGS

transmission

line

with

Fig. 6 shows the frequency responses of the electrical length, effective dielectric constant and characteristic impedance of a microstrip line having one dumbbell type DGS. We can see that the slope of the electrical length of the microstrip line becomes steeper when the size of the DGS increases (d is 2mm to 4mm, g = 0.4mm). And the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant increase when the size of the DGS increases, as well. Fig. 7. represents the variation of parameters of the microstrip according to the change in number of the DGS (the number of DGS is changed 1 to 3). The result shows a similar trend as those of the previous cases.
(a)

(a) (b)

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effective dielectric constant of microstrip lines were extracted by using S Parameters. Furthermore, the variations of parameters according to the changes of the size and number of the DGS were obtained. This extraction method of the characteristic impedance is simpler than the established extraction method and it can calculate the values of effective dielectric constant and electrical length. In addition the frequency responses of the desired parameters can be obtained with this method. This extraction method is more analytical than the established method (example : the trial and error method ) and it is very useful for analyzing transmission lines of digital circuits with EMI and crosstalk due to higher frequencies.
(b)

REFERENCES
[1] J. P. Simpson, R. R. Goulette, and G. I. Costache, Radiation from microstrip transmission lines, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp., pp. 340-343, Aug. 1988. [2] W. T. Huang, C. H. Chen, C. H. Lu, S. Y. Tan, A Novel Design to prevent crosstalk, IEEE, TENCON 2007 2007 IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1-4, Oct. 30 2007-Nov. 2 2007. [3] C. S. Kim, J. S. Park, J. B. Lim and D. Ahn, A Novel 1-D Periodic Defected Ground Structure for Planar Circuits, IEEE, Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol 10, No. 4, pp. 131-133, April 2000. [4] David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering 3rd ed., MA John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 174-178, 2005.

Fig. 7.

The variation of characteristic parameters when change number of DGS

(a) Electrical length (b) Effective permittivity (c) Characteristic impedance

But the slope of the frequency response of the electrical length of the microstrip line having two dumbbell type DGSs ( Its size is 4 4 mm2 ) is the steepest. Therefore, the proposed extraction method of the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant by using S Parameters is simpler than the established extraction method. [3] At the same time, this method has other merits : the variations of electrical length, effective dielectric constant and characteristic impedance according to frequency can be obtained. IV. CONCLUSION This paper proposed a new extraction method for the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a microstrip line. The characteristic impedance and

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