METRIC STANDARDS For Worldwide Manufacturing Summaries

METRIC STANDARDS
FOR WORLDWIDE
MANUFACTURING
By
Knut O. Kverneland
2012 Edition
GO metricUSATM.org, Inc., Statesville, North Carolina, USA 1978-2012
2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kverneland Knut O., 1937METRIC STANDARDS for Worldwide Manufacturing / by Knut O. Kverneland.
Includes indexes.
ISBN 0-9744477-7-3 (e-book)
1. Manufacturers Standards. 2. Metric System. 3. Standards, Engineering
The ISO material included in this publication is copyrighted by the International Organization for
Standardization (International Organization for Standardization (ISO)) and is reproduced with
permission of the American National Standards Institute on behalf of ISO. No part of this material may
be copied or reproduced in any form, electronic retrieval system or otherwise or made available on the
Internet a public network, by satellite or otherwise without the prior written consent of the American
National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036.
Tables and figures where a standards reference or a company abbreviation is shown in parenthesis
have been reprinted with the permission of the organization that hold the copyright of the works cited.
All standards identified by an ANSI number are reproduced with the permission by the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). ASTM standards are reproduced with the permission by the
American Society for Testing and Materials. For a complete list of copyright holding organizations or
companies see Acknowledgements and Table 1-1 for their addresses.
FOREWORD
ISO Metric Standards: A Key to World Trade
There is an old and wise saying, No standards-no trade. This is certainly true for standard quantities and units. Without
consensus on these, trade, from shopping at the supermarket to exporting goods worldwide, would be very haphazard affair
indeed.
Most industrialized countries have long recognized the necessity, and advantage, of adopting the metric system of
measurement-or to give it its official title, the International System of Units (SI, for short-derived from its French title,
Systme international dunits), which ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is responsible for
maintaining.
The SI is contained in the International Standard ISO 31, Quantities and Units, which consist of 14 separate parts. It is
not only an important standard in itself, but it also serves as a basis and guideline for many other International Standards,
ISO 31 is the work of ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 12, Quantities, Units, Symbols, Conversion Factors, which has also
produced the accompanying standard, ISO 1000, SI Units and Recommendations for the Use of Their Multiples and of
Certain Other Units.
The reasons for aligning with the international consensus for worldwide use of the SI system become even more
compelling as the relative importance of trade over production continues to grow. In nearly every year since the end of the
Second World War, the volume of world trade has increased more rapidly than that of world production.
More than 20 years after most of the industrialized world has gone over to metric measurements, many in my own home
country, the USA, are still dragging behind. Quite apart from the USA governments pro-metric stance, the USA is being
forced by market pressure to change.
The pressure is coming from American exporters who have to bear the expense of incorporating two systems of basic
measurements into their offering: one for the home market, and one for the rest of the world. Pressure will also increase
from American clients as the presence of incompatible systems denies them the possibility to mix and match products,
deprives them of the greatest freedom of choice, or ties them to one supplier because they cannot integrate new equipment
with what they already have.
There are, however certain sectors which have been completely metric, even in the USA For example, dimensions for film
have always been metric: 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm, etc. In electro-technology, the SI units such as ampere, volt, watt, ohm,
etc., have been used since the beginning of this country.
In industry outside electro-technology is also going metric step by step rather than inch by inch, even in the USA All
specifications for the defense industry have long been in metric units. It has been decided that all Federal orders to
industry from now on shall be given in metric units. All certificates from NIST, the National Institute for Standards and
Technology, have also, for many years now, been given only in SI units. Thus, it is certain that the largest industrial nation
will eventually become metric-maybe, I dare to hope, in my lifetime!
It is a particular pleasure for me, as ISO Secretary-General, and as an American, to be invited to provide the Foreword for
this second edition of Knut O. Kvernelands book. Like ISOs International Standards, it contributes to a common basis for
the international exchange of goods, services, and technological know-how, as well as promoting common understanding in
the scientific and engineering communities worldwide.
Dr. Lawrence D. Eicher
Former ISO Secretary-General
INTRODUCTION
The publication of Knut O. Kvernelands book is most timely for the USA and Canada. It should prove to be a valuable
reference volume as well in other English speaking countries which are in the midst of or are completing the transition to the
metric system.
National standards having a metric base have been virtually unknown in the USA. Although many standards-developing
groups use dual measurement notation, the standard sizing and rating practices are still based on the conventional inchpound-gallon, USA customary system. USA technical committees are now coming to grips with the problem of developing
metric-based standards. As references in their work, they will be using the standards of ISO and IEC, as well as those of
industrialized nations which are already on the metric system.
Knut O. Kvernelands METRIC STANDARDS for Worldwide Manufacturing will provide a very useful bridge for those
engineers who are required to develop components to metric specifications in advance of availability of applicable American
National Standards. The book will also be a valuable tool in guiding the many technical committees and subcommittees
which will be working on the new metric American National Standards.
A native of Norway, Mr. Kverneland received his early education in that country and graduated with a Masters of Science
in Mechanical Engineering from the Technical University of Hanover, Germany. He has been fully conversant with the
metric measurement units since childhood and is completely familiar with their use in engineering.
The author joined Massey Ferguson in 1966 as a design engineer, and has risen through consecutive positions as
Engineering Analyst and Standards Engineer until being appointed to the position of Supervisor of Standards. In this
capacity, Mr. Kverneland was responsible for Massey Fergusons North American standards.
Mr. Kverneland also maintains a heavy outside professional commitment. He was a member of the Society of Automotive
Engineers, Director of the Detroit Section of the Standards Engineering Society, and Chairman of the American National
Standards Committee B4 on Standards for Limits and Fits.
In 1972 and 1973, Mr. Kverneland participated as a member of an ad hoc metric study committee of the SAE Off-Road
Vehicle Council. He also served on the engineering standards evaluation and promotion subcommittee of the group.
Because of its international manufacturing operations, Massey Fergusons need for world metric standards information was
apparent. Mr. Kverneland was thus aided in his SAE committee work by the high degree of interest of his companys
management, which provided him with ready access to the computer and to standards data accumulated in its many
manufacturing operations around the world. It was this work which prompted him to undertake writing of this book.
Mr. Kverneland is to be commended for his dedication to this project, and a well-deserved vote of thanks must be given to
Massey Ferguson for the management support it provided the author in this undertaking,
Roy P. Trowbridge
Past Director, Engineering Standards
General Motors Corporation
Past President, American National Standards Institute
PREFACE
The change to the metric system offers North American manufacturing unique opportunities to introduce new thinking to
the old ways products were made. The metric system requires new fastener sizes, new material stock sizes, new cutting
tools, new gages, etc., to be used in production. This is where tremendously rewarding opportunities come into play. For
example, 11 or less threaded fastener sizes may be selected to replace more than 50 sizes used in the old systems (see
Table 8-1). Multiply the number of unique fastener sizes that can be eliminated by several thousand dollars each
(automotive actual savings), and the total dollar savings for your company can very well become quite impressive.
The selection of metric material and components must be based on existing international and national metric standards.
Therefore, in providing a foundation for this volume, the author has compared standards in the eight largest industrial
countries of the world, which together produce the majority of the worlds products.
The preferred numbering system, coupled with the preferred metric sizes, preferred metric tolerances for holes (4) and
shafts (4), and the preferred fits (10) (see Table 6-1), is another powerful tool available to you.
This highly integrated ISO tolerance system has been in use in the European continent for 60 years, where it has saved
industry there millions, if not billions, of dollars in reduced costs in manufacturing, engineering, purchasing, and inspection.
Among other things, this volume is also one of the most powerful rationalization tools available (see Table 4-1). It is now
up to the reader to make the rationalized selection of standard parts and components listed in this book that will return the
most benefits. The motto the author supports is SELL AMERICAN rather than the negative promotion we frequently hear.
BUY AMERICAN.
PREFACE to the 2005 edition:

Chapter 10 on Steel Material Data and Chapter 11 on Nonferrous Material show data from the recently released American
National Standards ANSI B32.100-2005 on Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat, Round, Square, Rectangular, and Hexagonal Metal
Products. The proposed drafts ANSI B32.200-200X Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, and Rectangular Tubular Metal
Products Other Than Pipe, and ANSI B32.300-200X Preferred Metric Sizes for Equal and Unequal Leg Angles, T- and Channel Sections, IPN- and Wide Flange-Beams Structural Steel are also referenced and they are pending approvals. All these material
standards reflect existing ISO standards for nominal sizes and tolerances. They are therefore well suited for global design,
manufacturing and marketing, and will help create USA manufacturing jobs. Use the METRIC STANDARDS for Worldwide
Manufacturing latest book edition to find ways to cut costs and to increase export of manufactured
Products from the company you work for.

Chapter 2 International System of Measuring Units (SI) and Chapter 17 Conversion Factors and Program are now made
available free of charge from the web site http://www.kok.com/. This public service feature help educate Americans on the correct
use of the global metric system.
Several companies now make the electronic version of the METRIC STANDARDS for Worldwide Manufacturing book available on
their Intranet. Contact Rosemary Maginniss <RMAGINNI@ansi.org> at ANSI for quotes. This will help companies reduce the cost of
metric training and implementation. It also makes the top quality METRIC STANDARDS material immediately available throughout the
organization in marketing, manufacturing and engineering.

Data from the new standard for Metric Continuous and Double End Studs ANSI B18.31-2005 was added to Chapter 9 and
the tables in Chapter 11 now have the preference ratings specified in the American National Standards ANSI B32.100-2005 on
Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat, Round, Square, Rectangular, and Hexagonal Metal Products.
The latest national and international standards references are shown in this edition as well as new links to national and
international standard documentations sources.

Chapter 7 is completely replaced by material from the ISO 1938-1: 2012 standard. The ISO standard reflects available
GO NOGO gages now in use throughout EU, and the ANSI B4.4M has been withdrawn. Data from the new ANSI
B18.2.5M-2009 12-Point Flange Screws replaced the 12-Spline version. A large number of updates have also been made
in all chapters of the new edition.
Knut O Kverneland
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The completion of the large project of writing the first edition of this book was possible only because of the extensive
cooperation of top management people within the Massey Ferguson organization. Standards engineers, working for this
multi-national company throughout the world, have provided substantial input to this publication in the form of national
standards information and other data. The author, therefore, wishes to express his appreciation to Massey Ferguson, his
former employer, for its encouragement and exceptional support in enabling him to undertake and complete the first edition
of this volume. Without Massey Ferguson worldwide resources, without access to the companys computer capabilities,
and without the companys generous backing in stenographic assistance, the time required for researching and preparing
this manuscript would have been many times greater.
The third electronic edition has been completed with the help of my own resources through the company
GO metricUSATM.org, Inc. Countless hours have been spent typing and updating the manuscript.
I would like to extend special thanks to the family of the late Dr. Lawrence D. Eicher, Secretary-General of ISO
(International Organization for Standardization), who has expressed his views in the foreword. In addition, the ISO Central
Secretariat in Geneva has helped update several chapters of this book, for which I am most grateful.
My sincerest thanks also to Mr. Roy P. Trowbridge, former president of the American National Standards Institute who,
during the initial planning stages of the first edition of this book, visualized the need for such a publication and gave the
author encouragement and support.
My sincere thanks to the publisher of the second edition of my book, ASME Press, that had the vision to take on this large
project and to grant me permission to publish the following electronic editions.
The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to the following individuals and organizations:
GO metricUSATM.org, Inc., Statesville, North Carolina, USA
Massey Ferguson Inc., Detroit, Michigan, USA

E. J. Flewelling, Manager (Former Supervisor); J. W. Carson, Standards Engineer
Major American Contributing Organizations1
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Industrial Fastener Institute (IFI)
Other Contributing American Organizations1
American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA)
American National Metric Council (ANMC)
American Society for Quality (ASQ)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA)
Cemented Carbide Producers Association (CCPA)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics (IEEE)
Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA)
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
1
Contributing International and National Standards Organizations

British Standards Institute (BSI)
Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardizations (GOST R)
European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
1
Addresses of the organizations listed are shown in Chapter 1 Table 1-1.

German Standards Organization (DIN)
French Standards Organization (AFNOR)
Italian Standards Organization (UNI)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC)
Standards Australia International (SAI)
Standards Council of Canada (SCC)
Contributing Individuals and their Organizations

Chapter 1
Anke Varcin-Head of Promotion and Press Services, ISO Central Secretariat, Geneva
W. A. McAdams-Past President, USA National Committee of the International Electro-technical
Commission, General Electric Company
Chapter 3
PERA Training Charts, Ford Motor Company, Ltd.
L. W. Foster-Vice Chairman ANSI Y14.5; Honeywell Inc.
Chapter 5
R. G. Lenz - Past Chairman, USA Technical Advisory Group (TAG); ISO/Technical Committee (TC) 57;
General Motors Corporation
Chapter 6
F. H. Briggs - Computer Program Consultant, Massey Ferguson Inc
Chapter 8
T. C. Baumgartner - Past Chairman, ANSI B1; Standard Pressed Steel Company
Chapter 9
R. B. Belford - Past Chairman, USA TAG ISO/TC2
Chapter 10
E. A. Domzal Past Senior Project Engineer, Materials, Massey Ferguson Inc
F. V. Kupchak Past Chairman, USA TAG ISO/TC62; Chairman, ANSI B32; Westinghouse Electric
Corporation
Japanese Standards Association; Japan Iron and Steel Exporters Association
German Steel Trade Association VDEH
Chapter 12
P. S. Given Past Director, SKF Industries, Inc
J. R. Hull Past Chief Engineer, The Torrington Company
C. A. Moyer Past USA Delegate , ISO/TC4 SC9; Assistant Chief Engineer, The Timken Company
A. O. Dehart Past USA Observer, ISO/TC123; General Motors Corporation
W. G Looft Past USA Delegate, ISO/TC4 SC7; Manager of Engineering, REXNORD
Chapter 13
B. C. Cummins Past Manager, The Louis Allis Company, Litton Industries
W. D. Erickson Past Chief Engineer, The Gates Rubber Company
Dr. F. Buchsbaum Past President, Stock Drive Products
G. W. Michalec Author and Professor
C. K. Reece Past USA Delegate, ISO/TC32; Vice Chairman, ANSI B92; John Deere Waterloo Tractor Works
Chapter 14
J. I. Morgan Past Chairman, USA TAG ISO/TC131; Executive Vice President, National Fluid Power
Association
Chapter 15
W. Jenninck Past Assistant Chief Engineer, Illinois/Eclipse, A Division of Illinois Tool Works, Inc
R. W. Berry Member, ANSI B94; Director, Cutting Tool Research, VR/Wesson Company
Chapter 16
Donald Marquardt ISO/TC176 Ad Hoc Task Force
Maureen Breitenberg USA Department of Commerce, NIST
Roger Frost Press and Communication Manager, ISO
David Zimmerman Interim Secretary, ISO/TC176 - Quality Management and Quality Assurance
Special Courtesy Note to Contributing Standards Bodies and Companies

Tables and figures where a standards reference or a company abbreviation is shown in parenthesis have been
reprinted with the permission of the organization that hold the copyright of the works cited.
Tables and figures without any reference have been reproduced courtesy Massey Ferguson Inc., Detroit, Michigan, and
GO metricUSATM.org, Inc. , Statesville, North Carolina.
The author also wishes to express his sincere appreciation to the referenced organizations for granting permission to
use their tables, figures and standards in this publication. Special thanks go to the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
and Industrial Fastener Institute (IFI). Without their comprehensive support, the publication of METRIC STANDARDS for
Worldwide Manufacturing , with its extensive standards material, would not have been possible.
Finally, the authors sincere gratitude is extended to the following organizations and companies for granting permission
to republish their standards, figures, or tables: the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania; Ford Motor Company, Ltd., Brentwood, Essex, United Kingdom; Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Michigan;
Gates Rubber Company, Denver, Colorado; Stock Drive Products, New Hyde Park, New York; and the Metric and
Multistandard Components Corporation, Hawthorne, New York.
Please always refer to the most recent edition of the referenced standards. In the United States, American National
Standards, International Standards, and national standards of other countries may be obtained from the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), New York, NY. Outside of the United States, sales of standards are transacted
through the national standardizing body for the particular country.
Knut O. Kverneland
CONTENTS
Foreword
Introduction
Preface
Acknowledgements
3
4
5
6
Chapter 1
World Standards Organizations
11
Chapter 2
The International System of Measuring Units (SI)
29
Chapter 3
Engineering Drawing Practice
46
Chapter 4
Preferred Numbers
75
Chapter 5
Surface Texture
82
Chapter 6
The ISO System of Limits and Fits - Tolerances and Deviations
90
Chapter 7
The ISO System of Limits and Fits Inspection of Workpieces
129
Chapter 8
Screw Threads
156
Chapter 9
Fasteners
196
Chapter 10
Steel Material Data
362
Chapter 11
Nonferrous Material
540
Chapter 12
Bearings
570
Chapter 13
Mechanical Power Transmission Systems
597
Chapter 14
Fluid Power Systems and Components
656
10
Chapter 15
Manufacturing Engineering
683
Chapter 16
Quality and Environmental Management System (ISO 9000 and ISO 14000)
749
Chapter 17
Conversion Factors and Program
772
General Index
786
ANSI Index
792
ISO Index
794
11
Chapter 1
World Standards Organizations
SUMMARY
International standards are herein listed and compared to major industrial (63% of global GDP) national standards
throughout this book (see Fig. 1-1). American National Standards for metric products are the basis for all tables in this
publication when available. Pertinent global ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard numbers are
shown for each product, and related ISO and national standards are shown with hyperlinks to the standards organizations
at the end of each chapter. Acronyms, standard prefixes, name and addresses as well as email and telephone numbers to
a number of important national and international standards sources are shown in Table 1-1. Key standards groupings with
links to ISO search engines are shown in Tables 1-2 and 1-3. ISO Members Worldwide list provide contact information for
standards organization in each country.
A strong emphasis on cost savings and rationalization of parts and material has been stressed; Chapter 4, Preferred
Numbers, provides detailed descriptions of the best tools to help rationalize metric sizes and products.
ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

By definition, standards are rules set up and established by authority, often for the measure of quantity, weight, extent,
value, or quality. Monetary standards, used in determining the weight of silver and gold pieces for the exchange of goods,
were among the first to be developed.
During the industrialization period, manufacturing plants developed and became more and more specialized. A need for
standards to control such simple parts as fasteners evolved, hereby making them industrially interchangeable. The
demand for company and trade organization standards grew apace with the formation of larger plants and the wider
distribution of manufactured products.
The basis for most standards is a uniform unit of measure to check mass, length, volume, time, and other physical
quantities. Many systems were developed over the years, and the original metric system was developed in France after the
French Revolution. Since 1875, all international matters concerning the metric system have been the responsibility of the
Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM), which was constituted following the Metric Convention signed in Paris
that same year.
Before the invention of the metric system, a number of inch systems were used throughout the world, one of which is
commonly known as the customary inch system. National and international standards were developed, however, based on
both measuring systems. This made the worldwide interchangeability of simple standard components, such as fasteners,
impossible.
WORLD STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
MEMBER COUNTRIES
LISTED IN ORDER OF
GNP
ANSI
JISC
DIN
AFNOR
BSI
UNI
SCC
SAA
USA
Japan
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Canada
Australia
FIG. 1-1 PARTIAL ISO MEMBERSHIP STRUCTURE
METRIC AND INCH STANDARDS

An increasing number of multinational corporations and their local suppliers operating with two systems of measures and
standards have found expenses to be continually increasing. In order to use available expertise in a central location, one
machine might be designed in an inch nation, only to be produced later in a metric country, or vice versa. This obviously
generates additional costs in the conversion of drawings, substitutions of standard steel sizes and fasteners, the conversion
of testing and material specifications, etc.
12
ISO METRIC STANDARDS THE KEY TO WORLD TRADE

The WTO (World Trade Organization), which is supported by more than 120 countries, now replaces the GATT (General
Agreement on Trade and Tariffs) with the result being a considerable strengthening of its standards codes. The WTO
urges governments to make maximum use of International Standards to prevent unnecessary obstacles to the free flow of
goods.
The EU (European Union) has been in existence for a few years now, and they have published a large number of European
Standards identified by the prefix EN (European Norm)1 Approximately 41% of these standards conform to an existing ISO
or IEC standard on the subject.
For example, ISO 898-1 on Mechanical Properties of Fasteners is now identified within EU as: DIN EN ISO 898-1
(Germany); NF EN ISO 898-1 (France); BS EN ISO 898-1 (United Kingdom); and UNI EN ISO 898-1 (Italy).
ISO standards adopted as EN standards are put into effect with a minimum effort on the part of EU, and two important
goals are met such as:
1. allow free flow of goods among the EU countries; and
2. allow free flow of goods to and from EU meeting the ISO standards.
Regional trade agreements and related activities in other parts of the world are similarly leading to greater use of
international standards. For example, the Pan American Standards Commission, which is trying to develop uniform
standards for the Latin-American Free Trade Association, has now agreed to use the ISO and IEC standards wherever
possible. Also, the countries of Eastern Europe have become increasingly active in the development of international
standards; apparently they are using them as the basis for trade in that region and in opening trade channels with the rest
of the world as well.
Another factor in the use of international standards is the increasing number of international cooperation programs. A
prime example is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which has been ordering a great deal of its equipment in
terms of ISO and IEC standards. This also is happening within many of the social and economic programs of the UN. and
other world organizations. One result is the adoption of many ISO and IEC standards by the developing countries.
1
Norm means standard in English, German, and French
ACCELERATING PACE IN PUBLICATION OF ISO STANDARDS

The above-mentioned factors have accelerated the speed with which ISO develops international standards.2 As an
example, only 100 ISO Recommendations were published in the 1950s, yet approximately 1400 international standards
agreements were reached in the following decade. See ISO in Figures.
Today, there are over 16 000 ISO standards, half of which have been published only in the last ten years. A further 9000
drafts and proposals are in preparation, and around 1250 new projects are added annually.
The time required to develop a standard in the Technical Committee has been reduced from an average of 76.8 months
to 52.9 months. The central Secretariat has reduced the processing time for a proposed standard from 10.2 months to 7.5
months. The ISO target is to reduce standards development to three years from start to finish by the end of 1996.
How many international standards are needed is a matter of opinion. It has been suggested that in a highly industrialized
society, the total requirement for national and international standards is on the order of 15 000, or a maximum of 20 000.
This number is also suggested if all national standards were to be replaced by ISO standards. (When more than that
number is found in a single country, there is usually some duplication and overlapping, which is the case in the USA, or, as
is the case in socialist countries, what could be called company standards are listed as national standards.)
Other suggest that in the future, as industries merge and multinational companies further develop, some of the present
national standards will become company standards, but there will always be a demand for some national standards to cater
to specific local needs.
However, recent experience indicates that as new technologies emerge, there is an accompanying demand for new
standards that have never existed at a national level. The scope for new international standards is, therefore, increasing
continuously.
2
Since ISO documents are constantly being upgraded, for simplicity the author refers to all ISO publications in the text of
this book as standards, designating a particular document as ISO followed by the appropriate identification number.
However, the actual status of a particular ISO document might be: (a) Recommendation, in which case it would be
officially designated by ISO/R preceding the appropriate identification number. (b) Draft International Standards,
(ISO/DIS). (c) An officially adopted international standard, in which case the initials ISO followed by the identification
number is the appropriate designation. The ISO references given at the end of each chapter describe the current status of
the standard. Information on the various designations is given at the website http://www.iso.org or in ISO catalogs and
supplements available from: American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York NY 10036
.
13
A VISION OF THE FUTURE

Since 1986, the leadership of ISO and IEC has placed increasing importance on the necessity to understand and respond
effectively to new needs for international standards. In 1987, approval was given to establish two important new groups for
this purpose.
THE ISO/IEC PRESIDENTS ADVISORY BOARD ON TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS (ABTT)

This is a group of top-level industrial and technology policy leaders invited by the two Presidents to advise ISO and IEC
on global trends in technology and industrial development, and their consequential impact on the demand for global
standardization.
THE ISO/IEC AD HOC GROUP ON LONG-RANGE PLANNING (LRPG)

This is a new group of individuals nominated by the ISO and IEC members for Canada, France, Japan, UK, USA, and the
former USSR. The group undertook the task of forecasting future needs for international standardization in specific sectors.
These two groups have worked interactively since they started operating in 1988, and the results of their efforts are
presented in the publication A Vision for the Future- Standards Need for Emerging Technologies.
ISO DEFINITION OF STANDARDIZATION AND STANDARD

The definition of standardization and standard differ in the many publications on the subject. The following are the
excerpts from the ISO/IEC Guide 2: 1991- General Terms and Their Definitions Concerning Standardization and Related
Activities.
Standardization- activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated
use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context
NOTES:
1. In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing standards
2. Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of products, processes, and services for their
intended purposes, prevention of barriers to trade, and facilitation of technological cooperation.
subject of standardization topic to be standardized
NOTES:
1. The expression product, process or service has been adopted throughout to encompass the subject of standardization
in a broad sense, and should be understood equally to cover, for example, any material, component, equipment, system,
interface, protocol, procedure, function, method, or activity.
2. Standardization may be limited to particular aspects of any subject. For example, in the case of shoes, sizes and
durability criteria could be standardized separately.
field of standardization (deprecated: domain of standardization) group of related subjects of standardization
NOTE: Engineering, transport, agriculture, quantities, and Units, for example, could be regarded as fields of
standardization.
state of the art developed stage of technical capability at a given time as regards products, processes, and services,
based on the relevant consolidated findings of science, technology, and experience
acknowledged rule of technology technical provision acknowledged by a majority of representative experts as reflecting
the state of the art
NOTE: A normative document on a technical subject, if prepared with the cooperation of concerned interests by
consultation and consensus procedures, is presumed to constitute an acknowledged rule of technology at the time of its
approval.
level of standardization geographical, political, or economic extent of involvement in standardization
international standardization standardization in which involvement is open to relevant bodies from all countries
regional standardization standardization in which involvement is open to relevant bodies from countries from only one
geographical, political, or economic area of the world
national standardization standardization that takes place at the level of one specific country
provincial standardization standardization that takes place at the level of a territorial division of a country
NOTE: Within a country or a territorial division of a country, standardization may also take place on a branch or sectoral
basis (e.g., ministries), at local levels, at association and company levels in industry, and in individual factories, workshops,
and offices.
14
consensus general agreement, characterized by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by any
important part of the concerned interests and by a process that involves seeking to take into account the views of all parties
concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments
NOTE: Consensus need not imply unanimity.
IMPORTANT OBJECTIVES OF STANDARDIZATION

A primary purpose of standardization is to manufacture goods for less direct and indirect incurred costs and to adapt the
finished products to the demands of the marketplace.
A more detailed description of the objectives is as follows:
(a) Lower the production costs, when the aim is to:
1. facilitate and systematize the skilled work of designing
2. ensure optimum selection of materials, components, and semi-finished products
3. reduce stocks of materials, semi-finished products and finished products
4. minimize the number of different products sold
5. facilitate and economize the procurement of purchased goods
(b) Meet the demands of the marketplace, when the objective is to:
1. conform to regulations imposed by governments and trade organizations
2. stay within safety regulations set forth by governments
3. facilitate interchangeability requirements with existing products
DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS
The Conditions for a Standard. When there is a question of working out a standard, the conditions must first be
analyzed before actual technical standardization work can be carried out. Preparatory analysis must be as comprehensive
as possible and must take into account both technical and economic conditions. It is not sufficient to study only the internal
circumstances. It must also be understood that, with regard to standards, the company is dependent on such external
factors as the suppliers stocks of products, the production program of competitors, the customers wishes, existing
standards, governmental requirements, etc.
Waiting for the right moment to begin a particular standardization is most important. An investigation should be made as
to whether an intended standard could possibly impede any technical development already under way. Lack of a standard
is more often the condition, and it is important to engage in standardization at an early stage, at least to the extent of
working out an experimental standard of a temporary nature.
A certain type of regularly recurrent part may, for example, be used in many products in functionally equivalent, but
constructionally different, forms. In such a case, the task of standardization will be to create order out of chaos through
variety-reduction, size standardization, etc. The work should be started as soon as the possibilities of direct cost savings in
purchasing, production, inventory, etc., and indirect cost savings in engineers time can be established.
STANDARDIZATION TECHNIQUES
Two basic principles for the preparation of a standard are commonly used; these are as follows. analytical standardization
standard developed from scratch
conservative standardization standard based, as far as possible, on existing practice
In practice, it appears that a standard cannot often be a completely prepared in one or the other of these two methods,
but emerges from a compromise between the two. The quintessence of the standardization technique should be to utilize
the basic material, the rules, and the aids available, in such way that a valid and practical compromise solution is reached.
The basic material could be comprised of such items as:
former company standards

vendor catalogs
national and international standards
requirements of the companys customers
competitors material
Increasingly important are the national and international standards in existence on the subject; they should always play an
important role in any conservative standardization work. It would be foolish to create a unique new metric standard without
first considering some existing European metric standards.
15
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT LEVELS OF A STANDARD

The most common standardization levels are:
company standard
professional society or trade standard
national standard
regional standard
international standard
The normal path through which a standard must pass in the developmental stages depends on the organization level and
the standardization technique applied. A new international standard generated by applying the analytical principle follows
the organization levels in a numerical order, while a company standard prepared after the conservative principle might be
based directly on the applicable international standard.
A more recent trend in international standardization is to draft a new standard directly when a need for it has been
established.
USER ACCEPTANCE OF STANDARDS

The development cycle of the standards is completed when the user applies the standards in his or her work. The
designer should, whenever possible, use internationally standardized parts and components. This would result in an
increase of the demand for the standard sizes and a decrease in manufacturing costs for the parts. With the above principle
applied to the increasing world flow of material and products, a substantial increase in worldwide productivity can be
visualized.
STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies, at present
comprising 146 members. The objective of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in
the world with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the
sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological, and economic activity. The results of ISO technical work are published as
International Standards. The scope of ISO covers standardization in all fields except electrical and electronic engineering
standards, which are the responsibility of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC).
ISO brings together the interests of producers, users (including consumers), governments worldwide, and the scientific
community, in the preparation of International Standards. Its technical work is carried out through 2940 technical bodies
utilizing more than 30 000 experts, resulting in the publication of 14 000 ISO standards.
A listing of acronyms and addresses for standards organizations is found in Table 1-1.
Origin
International standardization started in the electro-technical field some 90 years ago. While some attempts were made in
the 1930s to develop international standards in other technical fields, it was not until ISO was created that an international
standards organization devoted to standardization as a whole came into existence.
Following a meeting in London in 1946, delegates from 25 countries decided to create a new international organization
the object of which would be to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards. The new
organization, ISO, began to function officially on February 23, 1947.
Members
A member body of ISO is the national body most representative of standardization in its country. It follows that only one
such body for each country is accepted for membership in ISO. Member bodies are entitled to participate and exercise full
voting rights on any technical committee of ISO, are eligible for Council membership, and have seats in the General
Assembly.
By January 2003, the number of member bodies was 94.
More than 70% of the ISO member bodies are governmental institutions or organizations incorporated by public law. The
remainder have close links with the public administration in their own countries.
A correspondent member is normally an organization in a developing country which does not yet have its own national
standards body. Correspondent members do not take an active part in the technical work, but are entitled to be kept fully
informed about the work of interest to them. They may attend the General Assembly as observers. Nearly all the present
correspondent members are governmental institutions.
By January 2003, the number of correspondent members was 37.
Technical Work
The technical work of ISO is carried out through technical committees (TC). The decision to establish a technical
committee is taken by the ISO Technical Management Board which also approves ISO scope. Within this scope, the
committee determines its own program of work.
Work in the field of information technology is carried out through a joint ISO/IEC technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC I
16
Information Technology, established in 1987 by the ISO and IEC Councils.

Each technical committee may, in turn, establish subcommittees (SC) and working groups (WG) to cover different aspects
of its work.
Each technical committee or sub-committee has a secretariat, assigned to an ISO member body: in the case of technical
committees, by the Technical Board on behalf of Council, and in the case of subcommittees, by the parent committee. For
each working group, a convener is appointed by the parent committee.
By January 2003, there were 188 technical committees, 550 subcommittees, 2175 working groups, and 24 ad hoc study
groups.
A proposal to begin work in a new field of technical activity normally comes from within ISO itself, but it may also originate
from some other international organization. Since the resources are limited, priorities must be considered. Therefore, all
new proposals are submitted for consideration by the ISO member bodies. If accepted, either the new work will be referred
to the appropriate existing technical committee, or a new technical committee will be established.
To ensure coordination of work in all matters of common interest, liaisons are established between related technical
committees.
Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been authorized has the right to be
represented on that committee.
subcommittees (ISO/TC/SC) This is the level at which most of the technical decisions are made and is also the level at
which much of the technical liaison takes place. Subcommittees are charged with the study of one or several items within
the scope of the technical committee.
working groups (ISO/TC/SC/WG) The technical committees and subcommittees may set up working groups composed of
a restricted number of individuals to prepare working drafts for standards development. The group may function between
meetings of the parent committee, but it is automatically disbanded on completion of its task.
ad-hoc working group a group that may be formed to deal with a matter on which it is required to report to the parent
committee at the same meeting in which it is formed.
EVOLUTION OF AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

Prior to July 1971, subjects proposed and approved by ISO were known as ISO Recommendations. Although the ISO
charter included provision for the approval and publication as ISO standards, the procedure had never been invoked. In
mid-1971, a decision was made to publish all ISO draft Recommendations as draft international standards and,
subsequently, as international standards. At the same time a new category of document, to be known as a Technical
Report, was introduced. The descriptions which follow reflect current terminology.
draft proposals a draft submitted to the participating (P) members of a technical committee for study which is intended
eventually to become an International Standard. A given subject may undergo several successive committee drafts, i.e.,
first draft, second draft, etc.
draft international standard (DIS) a committee draft which has received substantial support from the participating
members of the technical committee and is transmitted to the Central Secretariat for registration. This is then circulated to
the P-members and all the other Member Bodies for final letter ballot.
international standard a draft international standard which has been adopted by a two-thirds majority vote of the Pmembers of the technical committee and approved by 75% of all the Member Bodies voting
technical report there are three types of technical reports, as follows
(a) When the required support cannot be obtained for a DIS to pass the approval stage, or in case of doubt concerning
consensus, the committee may decide, by a simple majority vote of its P-members, that the document should be published
in the form of a technical report.
(b) When the subject in question is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but
not immediate possibility of an agreement on an international standard, the committee may decide that the publication of a
technical report would be appropriate. The decision to publish the technical report requires a simple majority vote of the Pmembers of the committee. A technical report of type (b) may be used for pre-standardization purposes.
(c) When a committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an international
standard (this may include, for example, data obtained from a survey carried out among the national bodies, data on work
in other international organizations, or data on the state of the art in relation to standards of national bodies on a particular
subject), the committee may decide, by a simple majority vote of its P-members, to publish such data in the form of a
technical report. Such a document will be entirely informative in nature.
Technical reports of types (a) and (b) are subject to review not later than three years after their publication. The aim of
such a review is to reexamine the situation, and if possible, to achieve the agreement necessary for the publication of an
international standard to replace the technical report.
FINANCE
ISO is maintained by the financial contributions of its members; the amount varies according to the circumstances of the
country concerned. Additional revenue, however, is gained from the sale of international standards and other publications.
17
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC)

The International Electrotechnical Commission came into being in 1906.
ISO and JEC have established a formal agreemer4, stating the relationship between the two organizations. In accordance
with this agreement, ISO and IEC form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.
It is agreed that questions related to international standardization in the electrical and electronic engineering fields are the
concern of IEC. Other subject areas are the responsibility of ISO. In matters of international standardization not related to
any particular technology, ISO undertakes, in consultation with IEC, to safeguard any electro-technical interests which may
be involved. To ensure the necessary technical coordination, ISO and IEC have established a joint ISO/IEC Technical
Programming Committee.
The members of the IEC are the national committees, one for each country, which are required to be as representative as
possible of all electrical interests in the country concerned:
manufacturers, users, governmental authorities, teaching, and professional bodies. They are composed of representatives
of the various organizations which deal with questions of electrical standardization at the national level. Most of them are
recognized and supported by their governments.
In the technical work, numerous liaisons have been established between ISO and IEC committees, and a joint ISO/IEC
technical committee has been established in the field of information technology.
REGIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

ASAC (Asian Standards Advisory Committee) setup in 1966 under ECAFE (Economic Commission for Asia and the
Far East). Regional standards are not envisaged.
COPANT (Pan American Standards Commission) comprises national standards bodies of USA and 11 Latin American
countries. Regional standards published and available from ANSI in the Spanish language.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization) comprises national standards bodies of the EU (Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and
United Kingdom) and EFTA (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). Over 1300 working groups prepare European standards
which, if accepted by 71% of CEN members, are published without variation of text in the countries accepting them as the
national standard.
CENELEC (European Committee for Electro-technical Standardization) electro-technical counterpart of CEN. Comprises
national electro-technical committees of EEC and EFTA countries. The CENELEC Electronic Components Committee
produces harmonization documents with which national standards can be brought into line, with built-in quality assessment.
There are 12 working groups.
ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) the ECSC has produced more than 150 steel material (EURONORM)
standards, some of which are referred to in this publication
ECISS (European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization) revised and republished most of the EURONORM
standards as European standards (EN). An EN standard (German: Norm, French: Norme) is a document that has been
adopted by one of the three recognized European Standardization Organizations: CEN, CENELEC or ETSI. An EN is
available, in principle, in the three official languages of CEN (English, French and German).
PASC (Pacific Area Standards Congress) comprises national standards bodies from the USA, Canada, Japan, Australia,
and New Zealand.
NATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Only a brief review of the various functions ANSI fulfills will be presented
in this book. More details about the ANSI organization are available from the institute upon request.
ANSI provides the machinery for creating voluntary standards. It serves to eliminate duplication of standards activities and
to weld conflicting standards into single, nationally accepted standards under the designation American National
Standards.
The Standards Institute, under whose auspices this work is being done, is the USA clearinghouse and coordinating body
for standards activity on the national level. It is a federation of trade associations, technical societies, professional groups,
and consumer organizations. Some 1000 companies are affiliated with the Institute as company members.
The American National Standards Institute is the USA member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC), the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT), and the Pacific
Area Standards Congress (PASC). Through these channels American interests make their position felt on the international
level.
other national standards bodies at the ISO The eight national standards organizations with the largest gross national
products are listed in Fig. 1-1 and their addresses are given in Table 1-1. ANSI has the distribution of their national
standards in the USA.
18
TABLE 1-1 ACRONYMS AND LINKS TO IMPORTANT STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

Acronyms
Std Prefix
Organization
Address
Email
Web Page
Phone
Fax
ABMA
American Bearing Manufacturers Association
info@americanbearings.org
202 367 1155
http://www.americanbearings.org
202 367 2155
uari@afnor.org
33 1 41 62 80 00
2025 M Street NW Suite 800

Washington DC 20036 USA
AFNOR,
Association franaise de normalisation
NF
11, avenue Francis de Pressens

93571 Saint-Denis La Plaine Cedex France
http://www.afnor.fr
33 1 49 17 90 00
AGMA
American Gear Manufacturers Association
website@AGMA.org
703 684 0211
1001 N Fairfax Street, Suite 500
http://www.agma.org
703 684 0242
Alexandria, VA 22314-1587 USA

American Iron & Steel Institute
webmaster@steel.org
202 452 7100
AISI*
1140 Connecticut Ave., NW Suite 705
http://www.steel.org
Washington, DC 20036 USA

ANMC*
American National Metric Council
anmc@paimgmt.com
301 718 6508
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~hillger/anmc.htm
301 656 0989
info@ansi.org
212 642 49 00
25 West 43rd Street 4 floor

New York, NY 10036 USA
http://www.ansi.org
http://webstore.ansi.org
212 398 00 23
American Petroleum Institute
mediacenter@api.org.
202 682 8000
http://www.api.org
202 962 4739
4340 EW Highway, Suite 401

Bethesda MD 20814-4411 USA
ANSI
API
American National Standards Institute
1220 L Street NW
Washington DC 20005-4070 USA
ASAC
Asian Standards Advisory Committee
ASABE
American Society for Agricultural and

Biological Engineers
2950 Niles Road
202 682 8114
hq@asabe.org
269 429 0300
http://www.asae.org
269 429 3852
CustomerService@asminternational.org
800 336 5152
http://www.asm-intl.org
440 338 5151
St Joseph MI 49085-9659 USA

American Society for Metals International
ASM*
9639 Kinsman Rd
Materials Park OH 44073 USA
ASME
American Society for Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Ave
440 338 4634

infocentral@asme.org
800 843 2763
http://www.asme.org
973 882 1170
New York NY 10016-5990 USA

ASQ
American Society for Quality

600 North Plankinton Ave
Milwaukee, WI 53203 USA
973 882 1717

cs@asq.org
800 248 1946
http://www.asq.org
414 272 8575

414 272 1734
NOTE *Books but no standards
19
TABLE 1-1 ACRONYMS AND LINKS TO IMPORTANT STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS (CONT'D)

Acronyms
Std Prefix
ASTM
Organization
Address
American Society for Testing and Materials
100 Barr Harbor Drive
Email
Web Page
Phone
Fax
Webmaster@astm.org
610 832 9585
http://www.astm.org
610 832 9555
standards.international@bsi-global.com
44 20 89 96 90 01
http://www.bsi-global.com
44 20 89 96 74 00
leh@wherryassoc.com
440 899 0010
http://www.ccpa.org
440 892 1404
questions@cda.copper.org
212 251 7200
http://www.copper.org
212 251 7234
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959

BSI, BS
British Standards Institution

389 Chiswick High Road
London W4 4AL United Kingdom
CCPA
Cemented Carbide Producers Association

30200 Detroit Road
Cleveland OH 44145
CDA*
Copper Development Association, Inc

260 Madison Avenue 16th Floor
New York NY 10016
CEE
International Commission on Rules for the

Approval of Electrical Equipment
http://www.cee-nl.org.mx/default.asp
310 Utrechtseweg Arnhem Netherlands

CEN, EN
European Committee for Standardization
infodesk@cenorm.be
32 25 50 08 11
36 rue de Strassart
1050 Brussels Belgium
http://www.cenorm.be
32 25 50 08 19
info@cenelec.org
32 25 19 68 71
http://www.cenelec.org
32 25 19 69 19
CENELEC, European Committee for Electro-technical

EN
Standardization
35 rue de Stassart
1050 Brussels Belgium
CGPM
Central Conference of Weights

and Measures (see OIML)
CIPM
International Conference on Weights

and Measures (see OIML)
COPANT
DIN
Pan American Standards Commision

Manuel Daz Portocarrero
Torre Fondo Comn. Piso 11
Caracas Venezuela
DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung
Burggrafenstrasse 6
10787 Berlin Germany
ECSC
European Coal and Steel Community
EURO-
EURONORM standards issued in German,
NORM
French, Italian, Dutch. Contact DIN-Beuth
20
http://www.sizes.com/units/cgpm.htm
http://www.bipm.fr/en/committees/cipm
copant@cantv.net
http://www.copant.org
(Refer to ANSI)
58 25 74 29 41
58 25 74 29 41
directorate.international@din.de
49 30 26 01 0
http://www.din.de
49 30 26 01 12 31
Order; http://www.din.de/beuth
http://www.cordis.lu/ecsc/home.html

Acronyms
Organization
Email
Phone
Std Prefix
Address
Web Page
Fax
info@iec.ch
http://www.iec.ch
41 22 919 0211
41 22 919 0300
webmaster@ieee.org
800 678 4333
http://standards.ieee.org
732 981 0060

732 981 9667
rharris@indfast.org
216 241 1482
http://www.industrial-fasteners.org
216 241 5901
central@iso.org
41 22 749 01 11
http://www.iso.org
41 22 733 34 30
csd@jsa.or.jp
81 3 35 01 9471
http://www..jsa.or.jp
81 3 35 80 8637
Order; http://www.jsa.or.jp
jisc_iso@jsa.or.jp
81 3 35 83 8005
http://www.jsa.or.jp/default_english.asp
81 3 35 86 2014
IEC
IEEE
International Electro-technical Commision

Central Office, 3 rue de Varembe
1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland
Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc
445 Hoes Lane POB 1331
Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA
IFI
Industrial Fastener Institute

6363 Oak Tree Boulevard
Independence Ohio 44131 USA
ISO
International Organization for Standardizn

1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56
1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland

JISC, JIS
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee

4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-ku,
JSA*
Tokyo 107-8440 Japan

Japanese Standards Association
4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-ku
Tokyo 107-8440 Japan
JSA*
Japanese Standards Association
po@jsa.or.jp
16, Chemin de la Voie-Greuse

1202 Geneva Switzerland
NEMA
NFPA
National Electrical Manufacturers Assocn
webmaster@nema.org
703 841 3200
1300 North 17th Street Suite 1752
http://www.nema.org
703 841 5900
Rosslyn, VA 22209 USA

National Fluid Power Association
3333 N Mayfair Road Suite 211
nfpa@nfpa.com
http://www.nfpa.com
414 778 3344

414 778 3361
inquiries@nist.gov
301 975 6478
TheSI@nist.gov
301 975 8295
Milwaukee WI 53222-3219 USA

NIST
National Institute of Standards & Technology

USA DoC 100 Bureau Drive
Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
OIML
International Organization of Legal Metrology

Rue Turgot 11
75009 Paris France
http://www.nist.gov
biml@oiml.org
33 1 48 78 12 82
http://www.oiml.org
33 1 42 82 17 27
21

Acronyms
Std Prefix
Organization
Address
PASC
Pacific Area Standards Congress (USA,
RMA
Canada, Australia, Japan, New Zealand

India, China, Russia, Chile, Peru, Thailand,
Colombia, Republic of Korea, Vietnam, etc)
Rubber Manufacturers Association
Email
Web Page
Phone
Fax
TISI (Thailand)
http://www.pascnet.org
http://www.pascnet.org/roster.jsp
info@rma.org
202 682 4800
http://www.rma.org
202 682 4854
mail@standards.org.au
612 8206 6000
http://www.standards.org.au
612 8206 6001
automotive_hq@sae.org
http://www.sae.org
724 776 4841

724 776 0790
info@scc.ca
613 238 32 22
http://www.scc.ca
613 569 78 08
Standards Engineers Society
admin@ses-standards.org
603 610 7101
1950 Lafayette Road, Box 1

Portsmouth NH 03801
http://www.ses-standards.org
603 926 0750
service@sme.org
800 733 4763
http://www.sme.org
313 425.3000
1400 K Street NW Suite 900

Washington DC 20005
SAA, AS
Standards Australia
20 Bridge Street
Sydney NSW 2001 Australia
SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc

400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096
SCC
Standards Council of Canada

270 Albert Street, Suite 200
Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6N7 Canada
SES*
SME*
Society of Manufacturing Engineers

One SME Drive
Dearborn MI 48128
ULI
313 425 3400
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc
cec.us@us.ul.com
877 854 3577
2600 N.W. Lake Road
http://www.ul.com
360 817 6278
uni@uni.com
39 02 70 02 41
http://www.uni.com
39 02 70 10 61 49
uscti@uscti.com
216 241 7333
1300 Sumner Avenue

Cleveland OH 44115
http://www.uscti.com
216 241 0105
US Metric Association
hillger@cira.colostate.edu
818 363 5606
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~hillger
818 368 7443
Camas, WA 98607-8542
UNI
Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione

Via Battistotti Sassi 11/b
USCTI*
USMA
IT-20133 Milano
United States Cutting Tool Institute
10245 Andasol Ave

Northridge CA 91325-1504
ISO Members Worldwide
22
RELATED ISO PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM ANSI

ANSI Catalog Contains listing with prices of ANSI standards published annually.
ISO General Information Publications;
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/otherpubs/General.PublicationList?CLASSIFICATION=GENERAL
ISO Technical Program Information on the titles and stages of development of all draft standards. (Biannual)
ISO/IEC Directives Part 1 Procedures for technical work
Part 2 Methodology for the development of International Standards.
Part 3 Drafting and presentation of International Standards.
ISO Memento Information, English and French, on the scope of responsibility, organizational structure, and secretariats for
each technical committee. In addition, the Memento contains general information on the organization and administration of
the work of ISO. (Annual)
ISO Participation This table indicates the membership of technical committees, technical divisions, and committees
reporting to the ISO Council. (Biannual)
ISO Bulletin Standardization news; calendar of ISO meetings; list of all new draft ISO standards and newly published ISO
standards. (Monthly)
ISO/IEC Guide 2: 1991 General terms and their definitions concerning standardization and related activities. Approximately
40 Guides, designated ISO/IEC Guide Nos. 2-57, cover subjects related to international standardization, and are listed in
the ISO catalog.
ISO Video Film International standardization 18 min video cassette VHS. Other video films are also available.
CEN Catalog Complete list of EN standards (German: Norm, French: Norme) and tables of corresponding material
standards for CEN National Affiliate Members. See website; Welcome to the On-line Catalogue of European Standards
with links to most European national standards organizations and their standards catalogs.
HOW TO FIND AND ORDER INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS

Grouping of International Standards by Technical Committees (TC) see Table 1-2 and by International Classification for
Standards (ICS) see Table 1-3. Order international or national standards from ANSI or the applicable web page shown in
Table 1-1. For all EN and national standards in Europe see CEN above and use websites shown.
TABLE 1-2 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES (TC)

JTC 1 Information technology
JTC 2 Joint Project Committee - Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources Common terminology
TC 1 Screw threads
TC 2 Fasteners
TC 4 Rolling bearings
TC 5 Ferrous metal pipes and metallic fittings
TC 6 Paper, board and pulps
TC 8 Ships and marine technology
TC 10 Technical product documentation
TC 11 Boilers and pressure vessels
TC 12 Quantities and units
TC 14 Shafts for machinery and accessories
TC 17 Steel
TC 18 Zinc and zinc alloys - STANDBY
TC 19 Preferred numbers - STANDBY
TC 20 Aircraft and space vehicles
TC 21 Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting
TC 22 Road vehicles
TC 23 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry
TC 24 Particle characterization including sieving
TC 25 Cast irons and pig irons
TC 26 Copper and copper alloys
TC 27 Solid mineral fuels
TC 28 Petroleum products and lubricants
TC 29 Small tools
TC 30 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits
TC 31 Tyres, rims and valves
TC 33 Refractories
TC 34 Food products
TC 35 Paints and varnishes
TC 36 Cinematography
23
TC 37 Terminology and other language and content resources

TC 38 Textiles
TC 39 Machine tools
TC 41 Pulleys and belts (including veebelts)
TC 42 Photography
TC 43 Acoustics
TC 44 Welding and allied processes
TC 45 Rubber and rubber products
TC 46 Information and documentation
TC 47 Chemistry
TC 48 Laboratory equipment
TC 51 Pallets for unit load method of materials handling
TC 52 Light gauge metal containers
TC 54 Essential oils
TC 58 Gas cylinders
TC 59 Buildings and civil engineering works
TC 60 Gears
TC 61 Plastics
TC 63 Glass containers
TC 67 Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries
TC 68 Financial services
TC 69 Applications of statistical methods
TC 70 Internal combustion engines
TC 71 Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete
TC 72 Textile machinery and accessories
TC 74 Cement and lime
TC 76 Transfusion, infusion and injection, and blood processing equipment for medical and pharmaceutical use
TC 77 Products in fibre reinforced cement
TC 79 Light metals and their alloys
TC 81 Common names for pesticides and other agrochemicals
TC 82 Mining - STANDBY
TC 83 Sports and recreational equipment
TC 84 Devices for administration of medicinal products and intravascular catheters
TC 85 Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection
TC 86 Refrigeration and air-conditioning
TC 87 Cork
TC 89 Wood-based panels
TC 91 Surface active agents
TC 92 Fire safety
TC 93 Starch (including derivatives and by-products)
TC 94 Personal safety -- Protective clothing and equipment
TC 96 Cranes
TC 98 Bases for design of structures
TC 100 Chains and chain sprockets for power transmission and conveyors
TC 101 Continuous mechanical handling equipment
TC 102 Iron ore and direct reduced iron
TC 104 Freight containers
TC 105 Steel wire ropes
TC 106 Dentistry
TC 107 Metallic and other inorganic coatings
TC 108 Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring
TC 109 Oil and gas burners
TC 110 Industrial trucks
TC 111 Round steel link chains, chain slings, components and accessories
TC 112 Vacuum technology
TC 113 Hydrometry
TC 114 Horology
TC 115 Pumps
TC 117 Fans
TC 118 Compressors and pneumatic tools, machines and equipment
TC 119 Powder metallurgy
TC 120 Leather
TC 121 Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment
TC 122 Packaging
TC 123 Plain bearings
TC 126 Tobacco and tobacco products
TC 127 Earth-moving machinery
TC 129 Aluminium ores - STANDBY
TC 130 Graphic technology
TC 131 Fluid power systems
TC 132 Ferroalloys
TC 133 Sizing systems and designations for clothes
TC 134 Fertilizers and soil conditioners
TC 135 Non-destructive testing
TC 136 Furniture
TC 137 Footwear sizing designations and marking systems
TC 138 Plastics pipes, fittings and valves for the transport of fluids
TC 142 Cleaning equipment for air and other gases
TC 145 Graphical symbols
TC 146 Air quality
24
TC 147 Water quality

TC 148 Sewing machines
TC 149 Cycles
TC 150 Implants for surgery
TC 153 Valves
TC 154 Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry and administration
TC 155 Nickel and nickel alloys
TC 156 Corrosion of metals and alloys
TC 157 Non-systemic contraceptives and STI barrier prophylactics
TC 158 Analysis of gases
TC 159 Ergonomics
TC 160 Glass in building
TC 161 Control and protective devices for gas and/or oil burners and appliances
TC 162 Doors and windows
TC 163 Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment
TC 164 Mechanical testing of metals
TC 165 Timber structures
TC 166 Ceramic ware, glassware and glass ceramic ware in contact with food - STANDBY
TC 167 Steel and aluminium structures
TC 168 Prosthetics and orthotics
TC 170 Surgical instruments
TC 171 Document management applications
TC 172 Optics and photonics
TC 173 Assistive products for persons with disability
TC 174 Jewellery
TC 176 Quality management and quality assurance
TC 177 Caravans
TC 178 Lifts, escalators and moving walks
TC 179 Masonry - STANDBY
TC 180 Solar energy
TC 181 Safety of toys
TC 182 Geotechnics
TC 183 Copper, lead, zinc and nickel ores and concentrates
TC 184 Automation systems and integration
TC 185 Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure
TC 186 Cutlery and table and decorative metal hollow-ware
TC 188 Small craft
TC 189 Ceramic tile
TC 190 Soil quality
TC 191 Animal (mammal) traps - STANDBY
TC 192 Gas turbines
TC 193 Natural gas
TC 194 Biological evaluation of medical devices
TC 195 Building construction machinery and equipment
TC 197 Hydrogen technologies
TC 198 Sterilization of health care products
TC 199 Safety of machinery
TC 201 Surface chemical analysis
TC 202 Microbeam analysis
TC 203 Technical energy systems
TC 204 Intelligent transport systems
TC 205 Building environment design
TC 206 Fine ceramics
TC 207 Environmental management
TC 208 Thermal turbines for industrial application (steam turbines, gas expansion turbines)- STANDBY
TC 209 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments
TC 210 Quality management and corresponding general aspects for medical devices
TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics
TC 212 Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems
TC 213 Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification
TC 214 Elevating work platforms
TC 215 Health informatics
TC 216 Footwear
TC 217 Cosmetics
TC 218 Timber
TC 219 Floor coverings
TC 220 Cryogenic vessels
TC 221 Geosynthetics
TC 222 Personal financial planning - STANDBY
TC 223 Societal security
TC 224 Service activities relating to drinking water supply systems and wastewater systems Quality criteria of the service and performance indicators
TC 225 Market, opinion and social research
TC 226 Materials for the production of primary aluminium
TC 227 Springs
TC 228 Tourism and related services
TC 229 Nanotechnologies
TC 230 Project Committee: Psychological assessment
TC 231 Project Committee: Brand valuation
TC 232 Learning services for non-formal education and training
TC 234 Fisheries and aquaculture
25
TC 235 Project Committee: Rating services

TC 236 Project Committee: Project Management
TC 237 Project committee: Exhibition terminology
TC 238 Solid biofuels
TC 239 Project Committee: Network services billing
TC 240 Project Committee: Product recall
TC 241 Project Committee: Road-Traffic Safety Management System
TC 242 Energy Management
TC 243 Project Committee: Consumer product safety
TC 244 Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment
TC 245 Project Committee: Cross-border trade of second-hand goods
TC 246 Project committee: Anti-counterfeiting tools
TC 247 Fraud countermeasures and controls
TC 248 Project committee: Sustainability criteria for bioenergy
TC 249 Traditional chinese medicine
TC 250 Project committee: Sustainability in event management
TC 251 Project committee: Asset management
TC 252 Project committee: Natural gas fuelling stations for vehicles
TC 253 Project committee: Treated wastewater re-use for irrigation
TC 254 Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices
TC 255 Biogas
TC 256 Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders
TC 257 General technical rules for determination of energy savings in renovation projects, industrial enterprises and regions
TC 258 Project, programme and portfolio management
TC 259 Project committee: Outsourcing
TC 260 Human resource management
TC 261 Additive manufacturing
TC 262 Project committee: Risk management
TC 263 Coalbed methane (CBM)
TC 264 Fireworks
TC 265 Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
TC 266 Biomimetics
TC 267 Facilities management
CASCO Committee on conformity assessment

CIE International Commission on Illumination
COPOLCO Committee on consumer policy
IIW International Institute of Welding
IULTCS International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies
REMCO Committee on reference materials
TMB Technical Management Board
VAMAS Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards
TABLE 1-3 INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION FOR STANDARDS (ICS)

01 Generalities. Terminology. Standardization. Documentation
03 Services. Company organization, management and quality. Administration. Transport. Sociology
07 Mathematics. Natural Sciences
11 Health care technology
13 Environment. Health protection. Safety
17 Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena
19 Testing
Analytical chemistry, see 71.040
21 Mechanical systems and components for general use
23 Fluid systems and components for general use
Measurement of fluid flow, see 17.120
25 Manufacturing engineering
27 Energy and heat transfer engineering
29 Electrical engineering
31 Electronics
33 Telecommunications. Audio and video engineering
35 Information technology. Office machines
37 Image technology
39 Precision mechanics. Jewellery
43 Road vehicles engineering
45 Railway engineering
47 Shipbuilding and marine structures
49 Aircraft and space vehicle engineering
53 Materials handling equipment
55 Packaging and distribution of goods
59 Textile and leather technology
61 Clothing industry
65 Agriculture
67 Food technology
71 Chemical technology
26
73 Mining and minerals

75 Petroleum and related technologies
77 Metallurgy
79 Wood technology
81 Glass and ceramics industries
83 Rubber and plastic industries
85 Paper technology
87 Paint and colour industries
91 Construction materials and building
93 Civil engineering
95 Military engineering
97 Domestic and commercial equipment. Entertainment. Sports
ISO Handbook 1 Documentation and information.

A number of ISO books (formerly named Handbooks) are available and listed on the following ISO link:
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/otherpubs/Handbooks.PublicationList?CLASSIFICATION=HANDBOOKS
Technical product specification
Compilation on CD-ROM of the entire collection of Technical Product Specification (TPS) standards which
are essential to manufacturing on a global basis, as well as providing a common language for product and contract
specification, and other communication along global supply chains. It allows the 242 standards to be accessed easily and
rapidly and puts this "library" of standards into a conveniently transportable format. Technical product specification
Year of publication: 2009 Edition: 1 .ISBN 978-92-67-10510-9
ISO Focus
A selection of centre spreads from ISO Focus+ magazine of the last two years provide the theme for the ISO 2012 calendar. Topics
covered include motor vehicle safety, standards in everyday life, energy, accessibility of buildings, the economic benefits of standards, social responsibility
and space exploration. ISO Calendar 2012. Year of publication: 2011. Edition: 1
ISO Strategic Plan 2011-2015. Solutions to Global Challenges
The route map, via seven key objectives, to the global vision for ISO in 2015: to be the world's leading provider of high quality,
globally relevant International Standards through its members and stakeholders. ISBN 978-92-67-10542-0
27
ISO in figures for the year 2010
Significant statistics on ISO and ISO's work for 2010. Year of publication: 2011. Edition: 1. ISBN 978-92-67-10546-8
ISO in brief
A four-page introduction to the ISO standardization system, the ISO system's output, ISO's partners and ISO's path
forward.
Year of publication: 2011. Edition: 3. ISBN 978-92-67-10550-5
ISO Annual Report 2010

Year of publication: 2011, Periodicity: Annual
ISO Catalogue 2011

The ISO Catalogue includes more than 18 500 published International Standards classified according to the International Classification for Standards
(ICS) and by Technical Committee (TC).
CataloguePlus 2011 on CD-ROM

This CD-ROM contains information on all published ISO standards and other publications, plus the ISO technical work programme of draft standards. The
listings are presented by subject according to the International Classification for Standards (ICS). Lists in numerical order and in technical committee order
are also given. In addition, there is an alphabetical index and a list of withdrawn standards.
28
Chapter 2
The International System of Measuring Units (SI)
SUMMARY
The metric system is simple and easy to learn. Do not become confused with all the details given in this chapter. You
probably will not see most of the units in practical use. You should, however, learn the most common units for length, area,
volume, mass, and temperature shown in Table 2-1. Prefixes are shown in Table 2-2. Preferred units are shown in bold.
How the metric units relate to inch units are covered in Chapter 17. See conversion program.
TABLE 2-1 SI UNITS
Quantity
Symbol (Name)
Prefix and Symbol*
Other Metric Unit
-9
nm (nanometer) = 10 m
-6
m (micrometer) = 10 m
micron = m = 0.001 mm
-3
mm (millimeter) = 10 m
Length
m
(meter)
-2
cm (centimeter) = 10 m
-1
dm (decimeter) = 10 m
2
hm (hectometer) = 10 m
3
km (kilometer) = 10 m
2
-6
mm (square millimeter) = 10 m
2
-4
cm (square centimeter) = 10 m
Area
m
(square meter)
-2
dm (square decimeter) = 10 m
2
1 hm = 1 ha (hectare) = 10 000 m
2
1 L (microliter) = 1 mm
-6
1 mL (milliliter) = 1 cm
cm (cubic centimeter) = 10 m
3
-9
mm (cubic millimeter) = 10 m
m3
(cubic meter)
hm (square hectometer) = 10 m
km (square kilometer) = 10 m
Volume
1 a (are) = 100 m
-3
dm (cubic decimeter) = 10 m
1 L (liter) = 1 dm
-9
mg (milligram) = 10 kg
kg
(kilogram)
Mass of water;
-6
Mass(1)
-3
g (gram) = 10 kg
3
Mg (megagram) = 10 kg
1 L = 1 mm
1g=
1 mL = 1 cm
1 kg =
1 L = 1 dm
1 kL = 1 m
1 tmetric = 1000 kg
K
(kelvin)
Speed
m/s
(meter per second)
Acceleration
m/s2
The absolute temperature
C (degree Celsius)
TK = TO + tC = 273.15 + C
1 km/h = 1/3.6 m/s
(meter per second squared)

-6
N (micronewton) = 10 N
-3
mN (millinewton) = 10 N
Force
N
(newton)
daN (dekanewton) = 10 N
See NOTE
(2)
kN (kilonewton) = 10 N
6
MN (meganewton) = 10 N
1 mg =
1 Mg =
Temperature
1 kL (kiloliter) = 1 m
g (microgram) = 10 kg
(1)
for Mass
TABLE 2-1 SI UNITS (CONTD)

Quantity
Symbol (Name)
Prefix and Symbol*
Other Metric Unit

-6
Nm (micronewton x meter) = 10 Nm
Torque
Nm
-3
mNm (millinewton x meter) = 10 Nm

3
kNm (kilonewton x meter) = 10 Nm

6
MNm (meganewton x meter) = 10 Nm

-6
Pa (micropascal) = 10 N/m
Pressure,
Stress
Pa
(pascal = N/m2)
-3
mPa (millipascal) = 10 N/m

3
1 mbar (millibar) = 100 Pa
kPa (kilopascal) = 10 N/m

6
MPa (megapascal) = 10 N/m

9
GPa (gigapascal) = 10 N/m
1 bar = 100 kPa

2
10 bar = 1 MPa = 1 N/mm
-3
mJ (millijoule) = 10 J
Energy,
Work, Heat
J
(joule)
kJ (kilojoule) = 10 J
6
MJ (megajoule) = 10 J
1 kWh (kilowatthour) =
1000 W x 3600 s = 3.6 106 J = 3.6 MJ
GJ (gigajoule) = 10 J
-6
W (microwatt) 10 W
Power
W
(watt = J/s = Nm/s)
-3
mW (milliwatt) 10 W
3
kW (kilowatt) 10 W
6
MW (megawatt) 10 W
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 Nm/s
metric horsepower,
1 hpmetric = 75 kgfm/s = 735 W
GW (gigawatt) 10 W
Notes: *Preferred in bold

1. In the metric system there are separate distinct units for mass and force. The kilogram is restricted to mass. The newton
is the unit of force and should be used in place of the kilogram-force. The newton instead of the kilogram-force should be
used in combination units which include force, for example, pressure or stress (N/m2 = Pa), energy (Nm = J), and power
(Nm/s = W).
Considerable confusion exist in the use of the term mass and weight. Mass is the property of matter to which it owes
its inertia. If a body at rest on the earths surface is released from the forces holding it at rest, it will experience the
acceleration of free fall (acceleration of gravity, g). The force required to restrain it against free fall is commonly called
weight. The acceleration of free fall varies in time and space, and weight is proportional to it. While at any point in time and
space, weight can therefore vary, mass does not. Observed g can differ by over 0.5% between various points on the
earths surface. Therefore, the difference of local g from the agreed standard value, 9.80665 m/s2, must be taken into
account for precise measurements where g is involved, such as delicate weigh
The term mass should be used to indicate the quantity of matter in an object. The term weight is commonly used
where the technically correct word is mass. Because of this widespread nontechnical use, the word weight should be
avoided in technical reports. In converting quantities that has been presented as weight, care must be taken to determine
whether force or mass is intended.
2. The dekanewton has some usage in EU since 1 daN = 1.02 kg (force).
Units and symbols

SI prefixes
The prefixes listed in Table 2-2 are used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submultiples of the SI
units. These prefixes or their symbols are attached to names or symbols of units, forming what are properly called
multiples and submultiples of metric units. For recommended application of prefixes, see Table 2-1
TABLE 2-2 SI PREFIXES
SI prefix name
Symbol
Multiplication factor
yotta
1024
zetta
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deka
Z
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103 = 1000 = E+03
102 = 100 = E+02
101 = 10 = E+01
deci
10-1 = 0.1 = E-01
centi
10-2 = 0.01 = E-02
milli
micro
10-3 = 0.001 = E-03

10-6
nano
10-9
pico
10-12
femto
atto
f
a
10-15
10-18
zepto
yocto
z
y
10-21
10-24
Classes of units
The metric units are divided into two classes: base units and derived units. See definitions.
Base units
The metric system is built upon the seven well-defined base units of Table 2-3, which by convention are regarded as
independent. Note that throughout this publication the word quantity means a measurable attribute of a phenomenon or
of matter.
TABLE 2-3 SI BASE UNITS (ANSI SI 10)

Quantity
length
mass
time
electric current
thermodynamic temperature*
amount of substance
luminous intensity
*See Temperature on p.37
Unit
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
mole
candela
Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
mol
cd
Derived units
Derived SI units are shown in Table 2-4. Those SI derived units that have special names and symbols are listed in Table
2-5 and 6. Derived units are formed by combining base units according to the algebraic relations linking the corresponding
quantities. The symbols for derived units are obtained by means of the mathematical signs for multiplication, division, and
use of exponents. For example, the SI unit for speed is the meter per second (m/s or ms-1) and that for density is kilogram
per cubic meter (kg/m3 or kgm-3).
TABLE 2-4 SI DERIVED UNITS WITH SPECIAL NAMES AND SYMBOLS (ANSI SI 10)
Quantity
angle, plane
SI unit Name
radian*
Symbol
rad
Expression in terms
of other SI units
m/m = 1
angle, solid
steradian*
sr
m2/m2 = 1
Celsius temperature**
degree Celsius
electric capacitance
farad
C/V
electric charge, quantity of electricity
coulomb
As
electric conductance
electric inductance
electric potential difference, electromotive force
electric resistance
energy, work, quantity of heat
siemens
henry
volt
ohm
joule
S
H
V
A/V
Wb/A
W/A
V/A
Nm
force
frequency (of a periodic phenomenon)
newton
hertz
N
Hz
kgm/s2
1/s
illuminance
lux
lx
lm/m2
luminous flux
magnetic flux
magneric flux density
power, radiant flux
pressure, stress
lumen
weber
tesla
watt
pascal
lm
Wb
T
W
Pa
cdsr
Vs
Wb/m2
J/s
N/m2
NOTES: *See last paragraph of History on p.42

**See Temperature on p.37
It is frequently advantageous to express derived units in terms of other derived units with special names; for example, the
metric unit for surface tension is usually expressed as N/m instead of kg/s2 and that for electric dipole moment is usually
expressed as Cm instead of Asm.
TABLE 2-5 SI DERIVED UNITS WITH SPECIAL NAMES FOR HUMAN HEALTH (ANSI SI 10)
SI unit
Quantity
Name
Symbol
Expression in terms
of other SI units
activity (of a radionuclide)
becquerel
Bq
1/s
absorbed dose, specific energy imparted

kerma, absorbed dose index
gray
Gy
J/kg
dose equivalent, dose equivalent index
sievert
Sv
J/kg
TABLE 2-6 SI DERIVED UNITS WITHOUT SPECIAL NAMES (ANSI SI 10)

SI unit
Name
Quantity
absorbed dose rate
gray per second
acceleration
meter per second squared
angular acceleration
radian per second squared
angular velocity
radian per second
area
square meter
concentration (of amount of substance)
mole per cubic meter
current density
ampere per square meter
density (mass density)
kilogram per cubic meter
electric charge density
electric field strength
electric flux density
energy density
entropy
exposure (x and gamma rays)
heat capacity
heat flux density, irradiance
luminance
magnetic field strength
molar energy
molar entropy
molar heat capacity
moment of force
permeability (magnetic)
permittivity
power density
radiance
radiant intensity
specific heat capacity
specific energy
specific entropy
specific volume
surface tension
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity, dynamic
viscosity, kinematic
volume
wave number
coulomb per cubic meter

volt per meter
coulomb per square meter
joule per cubic meter
joule per kelvin
coulomb per kilogram
joule per kelvin
watt per square meter
candela per square meter
ampere per meter
joule per mole
joule per mole kelvin
joule per mole kelvin
newton meter
henry per meter
farad per meter
watt per square meter
watt per square meter steradian
watt per steradian
joule per kilogram kelvin
joule per kilogram
joule per kilogram kelvin
cubic meter per kilogram
newton per meter
watt per meter kelvin
meter per second
pascal second
square meter per second
cubic meter
1 per meter
Symbol
Gy/s
m/s2
rad/s2
rad/s
m2
mol/m3
A/m2
kg/m3
C/m3
V/m
C/m2
J/m3
J/K
C/kg
J/K
W/m2
cd/m2
A/m
J/mol
J/(molK)
J/(molK)
Nm
H/m
F/m
W/m2
W/(m2sr)
W/sr
J/(kgK)
J/kg
J/(kgK)
m3/kg
N/m
W/(mK)
m/s
Pas
m2/s
m3
1/m
Unit of mass
Among the base and derived units of SI, the unit of mass (kilogram) is the only one whose name, for historical reasons,
contains a prefix. Names and symbols of decimal multiples and submultiples of the unit of mass are formed by attaching
prefixes to the word gram or prefix symbols to the symbol g.
Other units
Units from other systems
To preserve the advantage of SI as a coherent system, minimize the use of units from other systems with SI. Such use
should be limited to those listed in Table 2-7.
TABLE 2-7 UNITS IN USE WITH SI (ANSI SI 10)

Quantity
time1
plane angle
Unit
minute
hour
day
week, month, etc.
degree
minute
second
liter
metric ton or tonne
electronvolt
unified atomic mass unit
Symbol
min
h
d
o
'
"
L, l
t
eV
u
Value in SI units
1 min = 60 s
1 h = 60 min = 3600 s
1 d = 24 h = 86 400 s
1o = (/180) rad
1' = (1/60)o = (/10 800) rad
1" = (1/60)' = (/648 000) rad
1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3
1 t = 1 Mg = 103 kg
1 eV = 1.602 177 33(49) x 10-19 J
1 u = 1.660 540 2(10) x 10-27 kg
volume
mass
energy
mass
NOTE:
1. TIME: The international (military) designation is: 13:32 (instead of 1:32 p.m.); 11:15 (instead of 11:15 a.m.)
DATE: The all-numeric writing of dates varies in different parts of the world. The date April 2, 2012 is written as follows;
ISO 8601
: 2012-04-02
. USA
: 4-2-2012
Europe
: 2-4-2012
EU and many other countries have adopted the ISO standard for the writing of all-numeric dates in their standards, and it is
recommended for use in all international communications.
use of second (s) the SI base unit s (second) is recommended in all applications where energy or power might be
calculated (torque, flow, speed).
Time
The SI unit for time is the second (s), which should be used in technical calculations. However, where time relates to life
customs or calendar cycles, the minute, hour, day, and other calendar units may be necessary. For example, vehicle
speed is often expressed in unit kilometer per hour (km/h)
Plane angle
The SI unit for plane angle is the number 1, which is also called by its special name radian (rad). Use of the degree and
its decimal submultiples is permissible when the radian is not a convenient value. Do not use the minute and second
except for special fields such as astronomy and cartography.
Volume
The SI unit for volume is the cubic meter (m3). Use this unit, or a multiple or submultiple of it such as cubic kilometer
(km3), cubic centimeter (cm3), etc. The liter (L) has the exact volume of one cubic decimeter (dm3). The name liter with its
new symbol and SI prefixes are easy to write and speak, and the author recommend its use in USA.
Mass
The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg). This unit, or a multiple or submultiple formed by attaching a SI prefix to gram
(g), is preferred in all applications. The name ton has been given to several large mass units that are widely used in
commerce and technology: the long ton of 2240 lb, the short ton of 2000 lb, and the metric ton of 1000 kg, which is almost
2205 lb. None of these terms is SI. The terms metric ton and tonne are restricted to commercial usage. The ton is also
used for volume (register ton) and power ratings (air conditioning). The author therefore recommends using the SI prefix
mega with gram, thus 1 Mg = 1000 kg.
Energy
The SI unit of energy, the joule, together with its multiples and submultiples, is preferred for all applications. The
kilowatthour is widely used as a measure of electric energy. This unit should not be introduced into any new fields, and
eventually it should be replaced. The unit to use is the megajoule.
Units in use temporarily with SI

Units in use temporarily with SI are shown in Table 2-8. These units should not be introduced where they are not
presently used.
TABLE 2-8 UNITS IN USE TEMPORARILY WITH SI (ANSI SI 10)

Name
nautical mile
knot
hectare
bar
barn
curie
roentgen
rad
rem
Symbol
ha
bar
b
Ci
R
rad, rd
rem
Value in SI units
1 nautical mile = 1852 m
1 nautical mile per hour = (1852/3600) m/s
1 ha = 1 hm2 = 104 m2
1 bar = 100 kPa
1 b = 100 fm2 = 10-28 m2
1 Ci = 3.7 x 1010 Bq
1 R = 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg
1 rad = 1 cGy = 10-2 Gy
1 rem = 1 cSv = 10-2 Sv
Length
The International nautical mile is now defined as 1852 m long, and it is used in nautical and aerial navigation to express
distance and speed.
Area
The SI unit for area is the square meter (m2). The hectare (ha) is a special name for the square hectometer (hm2). Large
land or water areas are generally expressed in hectares or in square kilometers (km2).
Pressure, stress and vacuum

The SI unit for pressure and stress is the pascal (newton per square meter), and with proper SI prefixes it should be used
in all applications. Do not use old metric units for pressure and stress such as kilogram-force per square centimeter
(kgf/cm2), or other non-SI units, such as torr and millimeter of mercury, for pressure. Because one bar equals 105 Pa, the
millibar should be called by its SI name, the hectopascal (1 mbar = 1 hPa).
Pressure and vacuum . Gage pressure is absolute pressure minus ambient pressure (usually atmospheric pressure).
Both gage pressure and absolute pressure are expressed in pascals, using SI prefixes as appropriate. Gage pressure is
positive if above ambient pressure and negative if below. Pressure below ambient is often called vacuum; if the term
vacuum is applied to numerical measure it should be made clear whether negative gage pressure or absolute gage
pressure is meant. See Editorial guide, Attachments to unit symbols for methods of designating gage pressure and
absolute pressure.
Centimeter-gram-second (cgs) units

Avoid all units with special names peculiar to the various cgs systems (measurement systems constructed by using the
centimeter, gram, and second as base units). Among these units are the following, defined for mechanics, fluid mechanics,
and photometry: the erg, dyne, gal, poise, stokes, stilb, phot, and lambert.
Further, avoid the cgs units for electricity and magnetism. This statement applies to the units designated by the general
abbreviation esu (for electrostatic cgs unit) and emu (for electromagnetic cgs unit), including those units that have been
given special names gauss, oersted, maxwell, gilbert, biot, and franklin. It also applies to the unit names formed with the
prefixes ab and stat, for example, the abampere and statvolt.
Units and names that are not to be used

Table 2-9 lists deprecated units and, in many cases, units with which they may be replaced. These are examples of
several metric and related units other than those of SI that have been defined over the years. These include all units
defined only in the cgs, esu, and emu systems. Some of these are used only in special fields; others have found broad
application outside the USA. Except for the special cases discussed in the previous text, do not use units that are not part
of SI (as well as non-SI names for multiples and submultiples of SI units, such as micron for micrometer).
TABLE 2-9 EXAMPLES OF UNITS AND NAMES THAT ARE NOT TO BE USED (ANSI SI 10)
Name
Symbol
Value in SI units
ngstrm
1 = 0.1 nm = 10-10 m
are
1 a = 1 dam2 = 100 m2
atmosphere, standard
atmosphere, technical
atm
at
1 at = 98.0665 kPa
calorie (physics)
calorie (nutrition)
candle
candlepower
dyne
cp
dyn
1 cal = 4.184 J
1 Cal = 4.184 kJ
1 cd
1 cp = 1 cd
1 dyn = 10-5 N
erg
erg
1 erg = 10-7 J
fermi
G, g (as a unit)
gal
gamma
gauss
gon, grad, grade
kilocalorie
kilogram-force
cal
Cal
1 atm = 101.325 kPa
fermi
Gal
1 = 1 nT = 10-9 T
1 G = 10-4 T
gon
kcal
kgf
1 gon = (/200) rad

1 kcal = 4.184 kJ
1 kgf = 9.806 65 N
langley
cal/cm2
maxwell
Mx
metric carat
metric horsepower
micron
millimeter of mercury
mm, cm, or m of water
millimicron
mho
oersted
1 fm = 10-15 m
1 g = 9.806 65 m/s2
1 Gal = cm/s2 = 10-2 m/s2
1 cal/cm2 = 41.84 kJ/m2 = 4.184 x 104 J/m2

1 Mx = 10-8 Wb
75 kgfm/s
1 carat = 200 mg = 2 x 10-4 kg

1 hpm = 735.5 W
1 m = 10-6 m
mmHg
mmH2O, etc.
1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa
1 mmH2O = 9.806 65 Pa, etc.
m
mho
Oe
1 m = 1 nm = 10-9 m
1 mho = 1 S
1 Oe = (1000/4) A/m
phot
ph
1 ph = 104 lx
poise
1 P = dyns/cm2 = 0.1 Pas
st
sb
St
Torr
1 st = 1 m3
1 sb = 1 cd/cm2 = 104 cd/m2
1 St = cm2/s = 10-4 m2/s
1Torr = (101 325/760) Pa
1 x unit = 1.0021 x 10-13 m
1 = g = 10-9 kg
1 = mm3 = 10-9 m3
stere
stilb
stokes
torr
x unit
(mass)
(volume)
Some comments concerning quantities and units

Mass, force and weight
For a discussion of the treatment of these and related quantities in SI, see note (1) Table 2-1.
Temperature
The SI unit of thermodynamic temperature is the kelvin (K). Use this unit to express thermodynamic temperature and
temperature intervals. Wide use is also made of the degree Celsius (oC), which is equal to the unit kelvin; it is a special
name for expressing Celsius temperature and temperature intervals. Celsius temperature t (which replace centigrade
temperature) is related to thermodynamic temperature T by the equation
t = T To, where To = 273.15 K by definition.
In practice, the International Temperature Scale of 1990(ITS-90) serves as the basis for high-accuracy temperature
measurements in science and technology.
Nominal dimensions
Many dimensions used to identify commercial products are nominal values values like 2 by 4 lumber and one-inch
pipe that exist in name only and are used for the purpose of convenient designation. Others, like the inch-based trade sizes
of nuts and bolts, designate one of the critical dimensions of the product. Although individuals should not convert such
designations into SI units, trade associations and other organizations that are responsible for standardizing such products
may adopt, without changing the product, nominal metric designations as deemed appropriate.
Quantities and units used in rotational machines

Angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration
The coherent SI unit of plane angle is the number one; thus the SI units of the quantities of angle, angular velocity, and
angular acceleration are, respectively, 1, 1/s, and 1/s2. However, it is often convenient to use the special name radian
(rad), instead of the number 1 when expressing the values of these quantities. Thus, for clarity, the unit rad, rad/s, and
rad/s2 are usually used, as shown in Table 6. Similar comments apply to solid angle; its coherent SI unit is also the number
1, which has the special name steradian (sr).
Moment of force (bending moment)

Because moment of force (bending moment) and torque are equal to a force times a distance (moment arm or lever arm),
their SI unit is Nm. The joule (J = Nm), which is a special name for the SI unit of energy and work, shall not be used as a
name for the unit of moment of force or of torque.
Moment of inertia
This quantity ( ) is a property of the mass distribution of a body about an axis ( = mr 2); its SI unit is kgm2.
Angular momentum
Angular momentum (moment of momentum) is linear momentum (SI unit kgm/s) times moment arm; its SI unit is
kgm2/s. The total angular momentum of a body of moment of inertia (SI unit kgm2) rotating with angular velocity (SI
unit 1/s) is (SI unit kgm2/s).
Kinetic energy
The kinetic energy of a body of moment of inertia (SI unit kgm2) rotating with angular velocity (SI unit 1/s) is 2/2;
its SI unit is joule.
Work
The work done by a moment of force or by a torque (SI unit Nm) in a rotation through an angle (SI unit 1) is moment of
force or torque times angle of rotation; its SI unit is joule.
Note that if the unit of rotational work is written as Nm rather than as J, possible confusion may occur because in its form
it appears identical to the unit of moment of force or torque. In vector algebraic expressions or vector diagrams, the
distinction between work and moment of force or torque is obvious because work is the scalar product of force and
displacement while moment of force or torque involves the vector product of force and moment arm, but no such distinction
is possible in the associated units.
Impact energy absorption

This quantity, often incorrectly called impact resistance or impact strength, is measured in terms of work required to
break a standard specimen; the SI unit is joule.
Editorial guide
Introduction
The metric system is the international language of measurement. Its symbols are identical in all languages. Just as the
English language is governed by rules of spelling, punctuation and pronunciation, so is the language of measurement.
Uniformity of usage facilitates comprehension and leads to clarity in communications.
This Editorial guide is a recommended practice intended to serve as a guide to accepted and consistent USA usage of
the metric system, and does not constitute a standard.
Rules for writing SI unit symbols

Recommended use of SI units with names and symbols are shown in Table 2-1 and prefixes in Table 2-2.
Symbols. The short form for metric units and prefixes are called symbols. The first letter of a symbol is capitalized when
the name of the unit is derived from the name of a person. Other symbols are generally lower case*.
Examples:
Unit Name
meter
liter
kilogram
newton
pascal
Symbol
m
L*
kg
N
Pa
*In 1979. the CGPM approved L and l as alternative symbols for liter. Since the letter symbol l can easily be confused
with the numeral 1, the symbol L is recommended for USA use. Any use of the script ell as a symbol for liter is
deprecated.
1. Print unit symbols in upright type regardless of the typestyle used in the surrounding text. Italic letters are reserved for
quantity symbols, such as A for area, m for mass, g for gravity acceleration and t for time. In typewriting or longhand,
underlining may be used as a substitute for italics.
2. Do not alter unit symbols in the plural. Examples: 1 m, 100 m. Plural name usage. Names of units may be plural for
numeric values greater than 1, equal to 0 or less than -1. All other values take only the singular form of the unit name.
Examples: 100 meters, 1.1 meters, 0 degrees Celsius, -4 degrees Celsius or
1.1 meter, 0 degree Celsius, 0.5 meter, liter, -0.2 degree Celsius, -1 degree Celsius.
3.
Do not follow unit symbols by a period except when used at the end of a sentence.
Examples: When you add 15 g of salt The length of the field is 350 m.
4. Write letter unit symbols in lowercase (e.g., cd) unless the unit name has been derived from a proper name, in which
case the first letter of the symbol is capitalized (e.g., W, Pa). The exception is the symbol for liter, L. Prefix symbols use
either lowercase or uppercase letters as shown in Table 2-7. The importance of precise use of capital and lowercase
letters is shown by the following examples.
Examples:
G stands for giga; g for gram
K for kelvin;
k for kilo
M for mega;
m for milli
N for newton;
n for nano
Names of units and prefixes are not capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence and in those titles, headings and
other instances in which all main words are capitalized.
Example: Meter is the unit used for some Olympic events. Force is measured in newtons.
Note: In degree Celsius, degree is lower case and Celsius is capitalized; degree centigrade is obsolete. Unit
symbols retain their prescribed form regardless of the surrounding typography.
5. If the value of a quantity is expressed as a numerical value and a unit symbol, a space shall be left between them. For
o
o
example, write 35 mm, not 35mm, 2.37 lm (for 2.37 lumens), not 2.37lm, and 20 C, not 20 C.
EXCEPTION No space is left between the number and the symbol for degree, minute, and second of plain angle.
6. Do not leave any space between the prefix and unit symbols.
7. Use symbols, not abbreviations, for units. For example, use A, and not amp, for ampere.
Rules for writing unit names

The handling of unit names varies internationally because of language differences. The following rules should be followed
in USA:
1. Spelled-out unit names are treated as common nouns in English. Thus, the first letter of a unit name is not capitalized
except at the beginning of a sentence or in capitalized material such as a title.
2. Use plurals as required by the rules of English grammar, for example, henries for the plural of henry.
EXCEPTION The names for hertz, lux and siemens remain unchanged in plural.
3. Do not leave a space or place a hyphen between the prefix and unit name.
In three cases, the final vowel in the prefix is commonly omitted: megohm, kilohm, and hectare. In all other cases
where the unit name begins with a vowel, both vowels are retained and both are pronounced.
Units formed by multiplication and division

Unit names
1. Product. Use a space (preferred) or a hyphen:
Examples: newton meter or newton-meter
In the case of watt hour the space may be omitted, thus:
Examples: watthour
2. Quotient. Use the word per and not a solidus:
Examples: meter per second, not meter/second
3. Powers. Use the modifier squared or cubed placed after the unit name:
Examples: meter per second squared
In case of area or volume, a modifier may be placed before the unit name:
Examples: square millimeters, cubic meter, watt per square meter
4. Symbols. To avoid ambiguity in complicated expressions, unit symbols are preferred over unit names.
Unit symbols
The symbol for a compound unit that is the product of two or more units is indicated by either a raised dot, which is
preferred, or by a space; thus, for newton meter
Examples: Nm or N m
For limited character sets where the raised dot is not possible, use a space. In the case of kWh, kilowatthour (a non-SI
unit), the raised dot is often omitted, as is the space; thus, kWh.
The symbol for a quotient of two or more units is indicated in one of the following ways:
Examples: m/s or ms-1 or m
s
Do not use more than one solidus in the same expression unless parentheses are inserted to avoid ambiguity.
Examples: J/(molK) or Jmol-1K-1 or (J/mol)/K, but not J/mol/K
Mixtures
Do not mix symbols and unit names in the same expression.
Examples: joules per kilogram or J/kg
Do not write: joules/kilogram nor joules/kg nor jouleskg-1
Attachments to unit symbols

Attachment of letters to a unit symbol as a means of giving information about the nature of the quantity under
consideration is incorrect. Thus, do not use MWe, Vac, VAC, kJt, megawatt electrical (power), volts ac, nor kilojoules
thermal (energy). If the context leaves any doubt as to what is meant, qualify the name of the quantity appropriately. For
example, an electric power of 1.4 MW.
For the same reason, do not attempt to construct SI equivalents of the abbreviations psia (pounds per square inch,
absolute) and psig, which are often used to distinguish between absolute and gage pressure. Use instead at a gage
pressure of 13 kPa or at an absolute pressure of 13 kPa.
Where space is limited, such as on gages, nameplates, graph labels, and in table headings, the use of a modifier in
parentheses, such as kPa (gage), kPa (absolute), or V (ac), is permitted.
Rules for writing SI prefixes

In general, use the SI prefixes to indicate orders of magnitude. Thus, one can eliminate zeros (i.e., 12 300 m becomes
12.3 km) and leading zeros in decimal numbers (i.e., 0.001 23 m becomes 1.23 nm). SI prefixes, therefore, provide a
convenient alternative to powers-of-ten notation preferred in computation (i.e., 12.3 x 103 m becomes 12.3 km). Never use
prefix alone.
A common unit-multiple is preferable even when some of the numerical values may require up to five or six digits before
the decimal point.
Examples:
mm
for dimensions on engineering drawings
MPa for stress, except in very weak materials, for which kPa may be more convenient
GPa for modulus of elasticity in most materials, except elastomers
kg/m3 for mass density
In a table of values for the same quantity, or in a discussion of such values within a given context, the same unit multiple
should be used for all items even when some of the numerical values may require up to five or six digits before the decimal
point.
Mixing prefixes should be avoided unless the difference in size is extreme.
Examples: 40 mm wide and 1500 mm long, not 40 mm wide and 1.5 m long; but 1500 meters of 2-mm diameter wire.
Two units should not be used for one quantity.
Examples: 3.5 m, not 3 m 50 cm or 3 m 500 mm; 13.58 L, not 13 L 580 mL
Slang. A prefix should not be used without a unit.
Examples: kilogram, not kilo; 10 kilometer run or 10 km run, not 10 K run.
Roman numerals. Do not use M to indicate thousands (as in MCF for thousands of cubic feet or in MCM for thousands of
circular mills) nor MM to indicate millions, nor C to indicate hundreds, etc., because of conflicts with the SI prefixes.
Selection
When expressing a quantity by a numerical value and a unit, give preference to a prefix that yields a numerical value
between 0.1 and 1000. For simplicity, give preference to prefixes representing 1000 raised to a positive or negative integral
power. However, the following factors may justify deviation from these prefixes:
1. In expressing area and volume, the prefixes hecto, deka, deci and centi may be required; for example, cubic decimeter,
square hectometer, cubic centimeter.
2. In tables of values of the same quantity, or in a discussion of such values within a given context, it is preferable to use
the same unit multiple throughout.
3. For certain quantities in particular applications, one particular multiple or submultiple is often used. For example, the
millimeter is used for linear dimensions in engineering drawings even when the values lie far outside the range of 0.1
mm to 1000 mm; the centimeter is usually used for body measurements and clothing sizes.
Prefixes in compound units

A compound unit is a derived unit that is expressed in terms of two or more units, rather than by a single special name.
Ordinarily, only one prefix should be used in forming a multiple or submultiple of a compound unit. Normally the prefix
should be attached to a unit in the numerator. An exception to this is when the kilogram occurs in the denominator.
Examples: kV/m is usually preferable to V/mm
MJ/kg is usually preferable to kJ/g
kg/m3 is usually preferable to g/cm3 (NOTE 1000 kg/m3 = 1 kg/dm3 = 1 g/cm3)
Compound prefixes
Do not use prefixes formed by the juxtaposition of two or more SI prefixes.
Examples: 1.3 nm, not 1.3 mm
2.4 pF, not 2.4 F
If a value is required outside the range covered by the prefixes, express it by using a power of ten applied to the unit.
Examples: 2 MJ = 2 x 106 J
Powers of units
An exponent attached to a symbol containing a prefix indicates that the multiple or submultiple of the unit (the unit with its
prefix) is raised to the power expressed by the exponent.
Examples: 1 cm3 = (10-2 m)3 = 10-6 m3
2.5 ns-1 = 2.5(10-9 s)-1 = 2.5 x 109 s-1
7 mm2/s = 7(10-3 m)2/s = 7 x 10-6 m2/s
Prefixes defined as powers of two

In the computer field the SI prefixes kilo, mega, giga, etc. have sometimes been defined as powers of two. That is, kilo
has been used to mean 1024 (i.e., 210), mega has been used to mean 1048 576 (i.e., 220), etc. This practice frequently
leads to confusion and is deprecated.
Numbers
Decimal marker
In the USA, the decimal marker is a dot on the line. When writing numbers less than one, write a zero before the decimal
marker.
Outside the USA, the comma is widely used as the decimal marker. In some applications, therefore, the common
practice in the USA of using a comma to separate digits into groups of three (as in 23,478; EU use 23.478) may cause
ambiguity. To avoid this potential source of confusion, recommended international practice calls for separating the digits
into groups of three, counting from the decimal marker toward the left and the right, and using a thin, fixed space to
separate the groups. In numbers of four digits on either side of the decimal marker the space is usually not necessary,
except for uniformity in tables.
Examples: 2.141 596
73 722
0.1334
Where this practice is followed, the width of the space should be constant even if, as is often the case in printing, justified
spacing is used between words. In certain special applications, such as in engineering drawings and financial statements,
the practice of inserting spaces to separate groups of numbers is not customary.
Decimal notation is preferred with metric measurements, but simple fractions are acceptable (except on engineering
drawings), such as those where the denominator is 2, 3 or 4.
Examples: 0.5 g, 1.75 kg and 0.7 L are preferred;
g, is acceptable (except on engineering drawings)
Nonsignificant zeros are normally not used.
Examples: 25
not
25.0
EXCEPTION Uniformity of inscription on drawings with limit dimensions.
Examples:
25.00
25
not
24.46
24.46
Hyphens are used when a quantity is placed in an adjectival sense.
Examples: A 3-meter pole The length is 3 meters.
A 35-mm film The width is 35 mm.
Billion . Because billion means a thousand million in the USA but a million million in most other countries, avoid the term
and similar terms for large numbers in international communications. How the terms billion, trillion, etc. relate throughout the
world is well outlined at the following site: http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm.
Examples:
Multiplication factor
Prefix
Symbol
Term
USA
Other countries
1 000 000 000 000=1012
tera
trillion
billion
1 000 000 000=109
giga
billion
milliard
Quantities expressed as pure numbers

Certain so-called dimensionless quantities, as for example refractive index, relative permeability, relative mass density, or
the friction factor, are defined as the ratio of two compatible quantities. Such quantities have a dimensional product or
dimension equal to 1 and are therefore expressed by pure numbers. The coherent SI unit is then the ratio of two identical
SI units and may be expressed by the number one (for example, m/m = 1). More generally, a quantity of dimension one
may be expressed by the ratio of units (for example, mm/m = 10-3). The number one is generally not written out explicitly
when a quantity of dimension one is expressed numerically.
The percent symbol (%) may be used for the number 0.01. Avoid, however, the abbreviations ppm for parts per million
and ppb for parts per billion. Because the names for numbers one billion and larger are not uniform worldwide, do not use
terms such as parts per billion and parts per trillion.
When expressing the values of quantities of dimension one, the meaning has to be clear. Expressions like "The mass
fraction of Pt in the sample is 90% (or 0.9), the volume fraction of CO2 in the sample is 1.2 x 10-6, or the amount-ofsubstance fraction Pb in the sample is 2.7 x 10-3, are permissible; but they would not be permissible if the words mass,
volume, and amount of substance, respectively, were not in the three expressions. These three fractions can also be
expressed as 0.9 kg/kg, 1.2 cm3/m3, and 2.7 mmol/mol, respectively, which are more understandable and, therefore,
preferred.
History
Development of the International System of Units (SI)
The decimal system of units was conceived in the 16th century, when there was a great confusion and a jumble of units of
weights and measures. It was not until 1790, however, that the French National Assembly requested the French Academy
of Sciences to work out a system of units suitable for adoption by the entire world. This system was based on the meter as
a unit of length. The mass of a cubic centimeter of water, the gram, was adopted as a practical measure to benefit industry
and commerce. Physicists soon realized the systems advantages, and it was adopted also in scientific and technical
circles. The importance of the regulation of weights and measures was recognized in Article 1, Section 8, when the United
States Constitution was written in 1787. The metric system was legalized in this country in 1866. In 1893, the international
meter and kilogram became the fundamental standards of length and mass in the United States, both for metric and
customary weights and measures.
Meanwhile, international standardization began with an 1870 meeting of 17 nations in Paris that lead to the May 20, 1875
Convention du Mtre and the establishment of a permanent International Bureau of Weights and Measures near Paris. A
General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) was also constituted to handle all international matters concerning
the metric system. The CGPM meets at least every six years in Paris and controls the International Bureau of Weights and
Measures, which in turn preserves the metric standards, compares national standards with them, and conducts research to
establish new standards. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) represents the United States in these
activities.
The metric system of 1875 provide a set of units for the measurement of length, area, volume, capacity, and mass.
Measurement of additional quantities required for science and commerce has necessitated development of additional
fundamental and derived units. Numerous other systems based on the meter and gram have been used. A unit of time
was added to produce the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system, adopted in 1881 by the International Electrical
Congress. About the year 1900, practical measurements in metric units began to be based on the meter-kilogram-second
(MKS) system. In 1935, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) acted favorably on a proposal originally made
by Professor Giovanni Giorgi in 1901 and recommended that the MKS system of mechanics be linked with the
electromagnetic system of units by adoption of one of the units-ampere, coulomb, ohm, or volt-for a fourth base unit.
Subsequently the ampere, the unit of electric current, was selected as a base unit, thus defining the MKSA system.
th
The 10 CGPM in 1954 adopted a rationalized and coherent system of units based on the four MKSA units, plus the
Kelvin as the unit of temperature and the candela as the unit of luminous intensity. The 11th CGPM in 1960 formally gave it
the full title, International System of Units, for which the abbreviation is SI in all languages. Thirty-six countries, including
the United States, participated in this conference. The 12th CGPM in 1964 made some refinements, and the 13th CGPM in
1967 redefined the second, renamed the unit of temperature as the kelvin (K), and revised the definition of the candela.
The 14th CGPM in 1971 added a seventh base unit, the mole, and approved the pascal (Pa) as a special name for the SI
unit of pressure or stress, the newton per square meter, and the siemens (S) as a special name for the unit of electric
conductance, the recipocal ohm or the ampere per volt.
The 15th CGPM in 1975 added prefixes for 1018 and 1015, exa (E) and peta (P) respectively, and approved two special
names: the gray (Gy) as a special name for the SI unit of absorbed dose, the joule per kilogram; and the becquerel (Bq) as
a special name for the SI unit of activity of a radionuclide, one per second.
Because of the experimental difficulties in realizing a Planck radiator at high temperatures and the new possibilities offered
by radiometry, i.e., the measurement of optical radiation power, the 16th CGPM in 1979 adopted a new definition of the SI
base unit candela. It also adopted a special name sievert (Sv) for the SI unit of dose equivalent in the field of
radioprotection. In order to increase the precision of realization of the SI base unit meter, the definition based upon the
wavelength of a krypton-86 radiation was replaced by one based on the speed of light by the 17th CGPM in 1983. The 19th
CGPM in 1991 added the prefix zetta (Z) for 1021, zepto (z) for 10-21, yotta (Y) for 1024, and yocto (y) for 10-24.
When SI was established by the 11th CGPM in 1960, it had three classes of units; base units, derived units, and
supplementary units. The class of supplementary units contained two units: the radian (rad) for plane angle and the
steradian (sr) for solid angle (see Table 3). However, at the time of the introduction of the International System, the 11th
CGPM left open the question of the nature of these supplementary units. Considering that plane angle is generally
expressed as the ratio between two lengths and a solid angle as the ratio between an area and the square of a length, in
1980 the CIPM (the International Committee for Weights and Measures of the CGPM) specified that in the International
System the supplementary units radian and steradian are dimensionless derived units that may be used or omitted in
expressing the values of physical quantities. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered
dimensionless derived quantities.
Because of this interpretation, the 20th CGPM in 1995 eliminated supplementary units as a separate class in SI. Since
then, SI consists of only two classes of units: base units and derived units, with the radian and steradian classified as
derived units. The option of using them or not using them in expressions for other SI derived units, as is convenient, remain
unchanged,
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)

The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) has its
headquarter near Paris, in the grounds of the Pavillon de Breteuil (parc de Saint-Cloud), placed at its disposal by the
French Government; its upkeep is financed jointly by the member nations of the Convention du Mtre.
In October 1995, 48 nations were members of this Convention: Argentina (Republic of), Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China (Peoples Republic of), Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic
Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea (Democratic Peoples
Republic of), Korea (Republic of), Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation, Singapore, Slovak Republic, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United
Kingdom, the United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela.
The task of BIPM is to ensure worldwide unification of physical measurements; it is responsible for
Establishing the fundamental standards and scales for measurement of the principal physical quantities and
maintaining the international prototypes;
Carrying out comparisons of national and international standards;
Ensuring the coordination of corresponding measuring techniques;
Carrying out and coordinating the determinations relating to the fundamental physical constants that are involved in the
above-mentioned activities.
The BIPM operates under the exclusive supervision of the International Committee for Weight and Measures (CIPM,
Comit, International des Poids et Mesures), which itself comes under the authority of the General Conference on Weights
and Measures (CGPM, Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures).
The General Conference consists of delegates from all the member nations of the Convention du Mtre meets at present
every four years. At each meeting it receives the Report of the International Committee on the work accomplished, and it is
responsible for
Discussing and instigating the arrangements required to ensure the propagation and improvement of the International
System of Units (SI, Systme International dUnits), which is the modern form of the metric system;
Confirming the results of new fundamental metrological determinations and the various scientific resolutions of
international scope;
Adopting the important decisions concerning the organization and development of the BIPM.
STANDARD CONDITIONS AND PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

STANDARD CONDITIONS
Standard gravity acceleration g = 9.80665 m/s2 = 32.1740 ft/s2

Absolute temperature (Thermodynamic temperature)
K (kelvin) = (oC + 273.15) = (Celsius degrees + 273.15 exactly)
MISCELLANEOUS PRESSURE BASES

International standard atmosphere
= 0.101325 MPa (megapascal)
= 1.01325 bar
= 1.01325 105 N/m2
= 1.0332 kgf/cm2
= 14.697 lbf/in2.
1 technical atmospheric pressure1 = 1 at
= 0.98067 bar
= 1 kgf/cm2
= 1 kp/cm2
= 14.223 lbf/in2
= 735.6 mm Hg
= 28.96 in Hg
absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure + recorded pressure
ata = at + at (gauge)
at = atmospheric overpressure (Germany)
NOTE 1. The technical atmospheric pressure is defined in the German standard DIN 1314 as 1 kg-force/cm2, and it
approximates the barometric pressure at sea level.
Definition of SI Base Units

Translation of the original French definitions of the seven base units of the International System are given in the following
item 1 through 7.
1. meter: The meter is the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a
second. (Adopted by the 17th CGPM in 1983.)
2. kilogram: The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram.
(Adopted by the 1st and 3rd CGPMs in 1889 and 1901.)
3. second: The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition
between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom. (Adopted by the 13th CGPM in 1967.)
4. ampere: The ampere is that constant current that, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length,
of negligible circular cross section, and placed one meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these
conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newtons per meter of length. (Adopted by the 9th CGPM in 1948.)
5. kelvin: The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature
of the triple point of water. (Adopted by the 13th CGPM in 1967.) NOTE-It follows from this definition that the
temperature of the triple point of water is 273.16 K (0.01 oC). The freezing point of water at standard atmospheric
pressure is approximately 0.01 K below the triple point of water.
6. mole: The mole is the amount of substance of a system that contains as many elementary entries as there are
atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12. (Adopted by the 14th CGPM in 1971.) When the mole is used, the
elementary entries must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified
groups of such particles.
7. candela: The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic
radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.
(Adopted by the 16th CGPM in 1979.)
The metric system is covered in national standards as shown in Table 2-10.
TABLE 2-10 SI SYSTEM STANDARDS

Global
USA
Japan
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Canada
Australia
ISO
ANSI
JIS
DIN
NF
BS
UNI
CSA
AS
1000
SI 10
Z8203
1301
X02-004
3763
10003
Z234.2
1000
RELATED ISO STANDARDS

TC 12 - Quantities and units
ISO 80000-1:2009 Quantities and units -- Part 1: General
ISO 80000-2:2009 Quantities and units -- Part 2: Mathematical signs and symbols to be used in the natural sciences and
technology
ISO 80000-3:2006 Quantities and units -- Part 3: Space and time
ISO 80000-4:2006 Quantities and units -- Part 4: Mechanics
ISO 80000-5:2007 Quantities and units -- Part 5: Thermodynamics
IEC 80000-6:2008 Quantities and units -- Part 6: Electromagnetism
ISO 80000-7:2008 Quantities and units -- Part 7: Light
ISO 80000-8:2007 Quantities and units -- Part 8: Acoustics
ISO 80000-9:2009 Quantities and units -- Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics
ISO 80000-10:2009 Quantities and units -- Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics
ISO 80000-11:2008 Quantities and units -- Part 11: Characteristic numbers
ISO 80000-12:2009 Quantities and units -- Part 12: Solid state physics
IEC 80000-13:2008 Quantities and units -- Part 13: Information science and technology
IEC 80000-14:2008 Quantities and units -- Part 14: Telebiometrics related to human physiology
IEC/NP 80003-1 Physiological quantities and their units -- Part 1: Modalities
ISO/CD 80003-2 Physiological quantities and their units -- Part 2: Physics
ISO/CD 80003-3 Physiological quantities and their units -- Part 3: Chemistry
IEC/NP 80003-4 Physiological quantities and their units -- Part 4: Biology
IEC/NP 80003-5 Physiological quantities and their units -- Part 5: Culturology
IEC/NP 80003-6 Physiological quantities and their units -- Part 6: Psychology
National USA
ANMC Metric Editorial Guide, 1993 Fifth Edition
ANSI/IEEE/ASTM SI 10-2010 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
ANSI/IEEE Std 260.1-1993 American National Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement (SI Units, Customary
Inch-Pound Units, and Certain Other Units)
AS 1000 Metric (SI) System (Australia)
ASTM E 29-93a, Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
BIPM. 1991 Le Systeme International dUnites (SI), 6th edition. (This publication is in two parts: the official French text
followed by an English-language translation.)
BS 3763 Metric (SI) System (UK)
CSA Z234.2 Metric (SI) System (Canada)
DIN 1301 Metric (SI) System (Germany)
JIS Z8203 Metric (SI) System (Japan)
NF X02-004 Metric (SI) System (France)
NIST Special Publication 304, 1991 Edition, The Modernized Metric System International System of Units.
NIST Special Publication 330, 1991 Edition, The International System of Units (SI).
NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI).
NIST Special Publication 814, 1992 Edition, Interpretation of SI for the United States and Metric Conversion Policy for
Federal Agencies.
NIST Technical Note 1265, Guidelines for Realizing the International Temperature Scale of 990 (ITS-90).
UNI 10003 Metric (SI) System (Italy)
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
ISO STANDARDS HANDBOOK Quantities and units
SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units, general principles concerning quantities, units
and symbols. Individual standards dealing with quantities in space and time, periodic phenomena, mechanics, heat, electricity and magnetism,
rd
electromagnetic radiation, chemistry, molecular physics, nuclear physics, etc. 1993 3 Ed 345 p ISBN 92-67-10185-4
Chapter 3
Engineering Drawing Practice
SUMMARY
The following are some suggestions for rationalizing and reducing cost in the drawing practice area.
Metric. Prepare drawings with metric dimensions only.
Inch. Do not change existing inch-dimensioned drawings unless necessary. Show linear dimensions in inches and decimals on
inch drawings. Do not use feet and fractions.
Use of Symbols. The internationally recognized symbols shown in Fig. 3-1 are recommended used whenever practical.
Symbols need no translations and take minimal drawing space.
Computer Drafting. Computer drafting is recommended. A number of excellent CAE/CAD/CAM computer software are
available now, which will save time and reduce costly errors.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

INTRODUCTION
The material presented in this chapter is intended to serve as a general guide in finding national and international standards on
the subject of Engineering Drawing. It is of great importance for multinational companies to use internationally recognized
drawing practices. Where a machine is initially designed and manufactured in one country, and at a future date must be
produced in another nation, the company will avoid substantial extra expense by producing the machine from the initial
drawings.
ISO PAPER SIZES (ISO 216)

The familiar letter-paper size, 8.5 x 11 in., used in the USA, still captures a large percentage of the world market. The ISO
paper size, A4, is principally used in Europe and in most of the emerging nations, and is estimated to represent an increasing
portion of the world usage of letter-size paper. Some of the considerations made before including the ISO paper sizes in ISO
216 were as follows.
In many countries, far more sizes of paper are used than are really necessary. Many of them came into existence under
conditions different from those prevailing today, while the origin of others was due to chance. Consequently, they do not fulfill the
present need for consistency between the sizes of paper and printed matter for various purposes, nor do they meet the many
requirements for a coherent relationship between the sizes of paper, printed or not, papermaking, printing and converting
machinery and equipment, and storage and filing equipment.
The purpose of the ISO standard is to improve the present position by providing a rationally designed ISO system of trimmed
sizes which can bring about a reduction in the number of sizes and create more rational, clear, and consistent ranges. This will
simplify and cheapen ordering, production, use, dispatch, and storage, and will also provide a sound basis for standardization in
related fields.
NOTES:
1. International and national dimensioning and tolerancing standards.
GLOBAL ISO 1101,2692,5458,5459,7083
USA
ANSI Y14.5M
JAPAN
JIS B0021
GERMANY
DIN 7184
FRANCE
NF E04-121
UK
BS 308-PART 3
ITALY
UNI 7226
CANADA
CSA B78.2
AUSTRALIA
AS 1100.201
2.The ISO symbols are specified in the

above national standards. The Canadian
standard CSA B78.2 shows the three
machining symbols not yet adopted by
ISO.
3. Rule No. 1. Where no geometric
tolerance is specified, the size tolerances control the geometric form of a
feature, as well as its size.
FIG 3-1 COMPARISON OF SYMBOLS (ANSI Y14.5M)
Chapter 4
Preferred Numbers
SUMMARY
The preferred numbering system has played a major role in the development of metric standards. This is a geometrical series
of numbers adopted worldwide. Its first known application was in the 1870s by Charles Renard, a French army captain who
reduced the different diameters of rope for military balloons from 425 to 17. The R5, R10 and R20 series refers to the Renard 5
(first-choice sizes 60 % increments), Renard 10 (second-choice sizes 25 % increments) and Renard 20 (third-choice sizes 12
% increments) series of preferred numbers standardized in ISO 3. Preferred sizes are shown in ANSI B4.2 and ISO 497.
You might want to extend the preferred metric size range, which, is shown from 4 to 40, simply by multiplying or dividing the
numbers shown in Table 4-1 by 10 or multiples of 10.
The preferred metric sizes are used for nominal sizes in countries where the metric system has been in use for several years.
Here is how the preferred metric nominal sizes were developed and how these chosen sizes reflect preferred metric standard
sizes for threaded fasteners, steel plates, sheets, bars, etc already in use throughout the world.
How do the preferred metric sizes relate to the inch sizes and the preferred numbers are shown in Table 4-1.
TABLE 4-1 PREFERRED SIZES (ANSI B4.2)

Preferred Size mm (ISO 497)
Preferred Size Inch
Preferred Numbers (ISO 3)
R5
R10
R20
mm
Fractions
Decimals
R5
R10
R20
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3.97
4.37
4.76
5.56
6.35
7.14
7.94
8.73
9.53
11.11
5/32
11/64
3/16
7/32
1/4
9/32
5/16
11/32
3/8
7/16
0.156
0.172
0.188
0.219
0.25
0.281
0.313
0.344
0.375
0.438
4
4.5
5
5.6
6.3
7.1
8
9
10
11.2
12
12.7
1/2
0.5
14
14.29
9/16
0.563
16
18
20
22
25
28
30
35
40
15.88
17.46
19.05
22.23
25.4
28.58
30.16
34.93
39.69
5/8
11/16
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 3/16
1 3/8
1 9/16
0.625
0.688
0.75
0.875
5
6
6
8
10
10
12
16
16
20
25
25
30
40
40
GO
STOP
5
6.3
8
10
10
12.5
12.5
14
16
16
20
25
1.125
1.188
1.375
1.563
6.3
25
31.5
40
40
CAUTION
16
18
20
22.4
25
28
31.5
35.5
40
Chapter 5
Surface Texture
SUMMARY
The internationally adopted system of measuring surface texture is to use the roughness average parameter designated Ra
(Table 5-1).
TABLE 5-1 ROUGHNESS NUMBERS (ISO 1302)
Nominal
micrometers:
microinches:
value of Ra
ISO Roughness number:
50
25
12.5
6.3
3.2
2000
N12
1.6
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.025
1000
500
250
125
63
32
16
N11
N10
N9
N8
N7
N6
N5
N4
N3
N2
N1
In order to choose the optimum roughness average level, consider tolerance required as shown in Chapter 6 and Table 5-3.
Cost or machining time increases with finer surfaces as shown in Fig. 5-3.
SURFACE TEXTURE VS. PRODUCTION COSTS

A typical relationship of surface texture and production time (cost) is shown in Fig. 5-3. The chart, Fig. 5-3, shows a series of
curves displaying production time in relation to Ra values for the range of common machining processes, and is based on
research carried out on machine tools from 1 to 10 years old. The chart, however, is not intended to be used for making
comparisons between different processes.
Results obtained from common production processes in terms of Ra values (micrometers) are shown in Table 5-4.
SYMBOLS USED FOR INDICATION OF SURFACE TEXTURE

The basic surface texture symbol, as in Fig. 5-1A, consists of two legs of unequal length inclined at approximately 60 deg. to
the line representing the considered surface. Machining of the surface is optional. A horizontal bar, as in Fig. 5-1B, indicates that
removal of material by machining is required. A circle, as in Fig. 5-1C, indicates that removal of material by machining is not
permitted, and Fig. 5-1D indicates the position of the surface-texture specifications (listed below) in the symbol.
a = roughness value Ra (CLA) or in grade numbers N1 through N12 (see Table 5-1). Maximum (a1) and minimum (a2)
surface roughness limits (if required) are shown here.
b = production method, treatment or coating
c = sampling length (see Table 5-7)
d = direction of lay (see Table 5-8)
e = machining allowance
f = other roughness values (in brackets, as in Fig. 5-1D).
FIG. 5-1 SURFACE TEXTURE SYMBOLS (ISO 1302)

A. Machining of surface is optional;
B. Machining of surface is required;
C. Machining of surface is not permitted; and

D. Position of specifications in the symbol (ISO 1302).
NOTE: The symbols in D deviate slightly from the ANSI B46.1 standard.
Use of the N Series of Roughness Numbers1

Instead of the micrometer values, roughness numbers, N1 to N12, maybe quoted on drawings. The use of the N series of
roughness numbers is recommended to avoid possible misinterpretation on drawings that are apt to be internationally
exchanged.
1
The roughness numbers in the N Series are not recognized by ANSI B46.
Chapter 6
The ISO System of Limits and Fits Tolerances and Deviations
SUMMARY*
The ISO System of Limits and Fits is a coordinated system of hole and shaft tolerances for engineering and manufacturing
used for cutting tools, material stock, gages, etc. If held to these tolerances, cutting tools, material stock, and gages are
generally available throughout the world.
The hole basis fits have four preferred hole tolerances (H11, H9, H8, and H7); the shaft basis fits have four preferred shaft
tolerances (h11, h9, h7, and h6) as shown in Table 6-1. The above shaft tolerances are now covered in the new ANSI B32.1002005 standard.
Select the basic size from Table 4-1 and one of the ten fits from Table 6-1 and read or cut and paste limit dimensions and
clearances (interferences) from Tables 6-2 through 6-6 or CD. Now also available on-line at the site shown below.
Tolerance Zones for holes are shown in Fig. 6-1 and for shafts in Fig. 6-2.
NOTE *Complete ISO System of Limits and Fits is now stored a CD KOK ISOTOLTM Computer Tolerancing Software. The CD is
now available from ANSI, GO metricUSATM.org, Inc. or on the sites:www.GOmetricUSA.org or www.kok.com/order.htm.
TABLE 6-1 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED FITS (ANSI B4.2)

ISO SYMBOL
Hole
DESCRIPTION
Shaft
Basis
Basis
H11/c11
C11/h11
Loose running fit for wide commercial tolerances or allowances

on external members.
H9/d9
D9/h9
Clearance
Free running fit not for use where accuracy is essential, but good for large
More
Clearance
temperature variations, high running speeds, or heavy journal pressures.

H8/f7
F8/h7
H7/g6
G7/h6
Sliding fit not intended to run freely, but to move and turn freely
H7/h6
H7/h6
Locational clearance fit provides snug fit for locating stationary parts;
Transition
H7/k6
K7/h6
Locational transition fit for accurate location, a compromise
Fits
H7/n6
N7/h6
Locational transition fit for more accurate location where
Fits
Close running fit for running on accurate machines and for accurate
location at moderate speeds and journal pressures.
and locate accurately.
but can be freely assembled and disassembled.
between clearance and interference.
greater interference is permissible.
H7/p6
P7/h6
Locational interference fit for parts requiring rigidity and alignment with
prime accuracy of location but without special bore pressure requirements.
Interference
H7/s6
S7/h6
Medium drive fit for ordinary steel parts or shrink fits on light sections, the
tightest fit usable with cast iron.
Fits
H7/u6
U7/h6
Force fit suitable for parts which can be highly stressed or for shrink fits
where the heavy pressing forces required are impractical.

1
Transition fit for basic sizes in range from 0 through 3 mm.
More
Interference
TABLE 6-2 PREFERRED HOLE BASIS CLEARANCE FITS (ANSI B4.2)

mm
LOOSE
FREE
RUNNING
BASIC
SIZE
S7
F8
S9
F10
S11
F12
T13
S14
T15
F16
T17
S18
HOLE SHAFT
H11
c11
CLOSE
RUNNING
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
H9
d9
SLIDING
LOCATIONAL
RUNNING
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
H8
f7
CLEARANCE
DIFF
HOLE
SHAFT
H7
g6
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
H7
h6
DIFF
MAX
7.090
6.920
0.260
7.036
6.960
0.112
7.022
6.987
0.050
7.015
6.995
0.029
7.015
7.000
0.024
MIN
7.000
6.830
0.080
7.000
6.924
0.040
7.000
6.972
0.013
7.000
6.986
0.005
7.000
6.991
0.000
MAX
8.090
7.920
0.260
8.036
7.960
0.112
8.022
7.987
0.050
8.015
7.995
0.029
8.015
8.000
0.024
MIN
8.000
7.830
0.080
8.000
7.924
0.040
8.000
7.972
0.013
8.000
7.986
0.005
8.000
7.991
0.000
MAX
9.090
8.920
0.260
9.036
8.960
0.112
9.022
8.987
0.050
9.015
8.995
0.029
9.015
9.000
0.024
MIN
9.000
8.830
0.080
9.000
8.924
0.040
9.000
8.972
0.013
9.000
8.986
0.005
9.000
8.991
0.000
MAX
10.090
9.920
0.260
10.036
9.960
0.112
10.022
9.987
0.050
10.015
9.995
0.029
10.015
10.000
0.024
MIN
10.000
9.830
0.080
10.000
9.924
0.040
10.000
9.972
0.013
10.000
9.986
0.005
10.000
9.991
0.000
MAX
11.110
10.905
0.315
11.043
10.950
0.136
11.027
10.984
0.061
11.018
10.994
0.035
11.018
11.000
0.029
MIN
11.000
10.795
0.095
11.000
10.907
0.050
11.000
10.966
0.016
11.000
10.983
0.006
11.000
10.989
0.000
MAX
12.110
11.905
0.315
12.043
11.950
0.136
12.027
11.984
0.061
12.018
11.994
0.035
12.018
12.000
0.029
MIN
12.000
11.795
0.095
12.000
11.907
0.050
12.000
11.966
0.016
12.000
11.983
0.006
12.000
11.989
0.000
MAX
13.110
12.905
0.315
13.043
12.950
0.136
13.027
12.984
0.061
13.018
12.994
0.035
13.018
13.000
0.029
MIN
13.000
12.795
0.095
13.000
12.907
0.050
13.000
12.966
0.016
13.000
12.983
0.006
13.000
12.989
0.000
MAX
14.110
13.905
0.315
14.043
13.950
0.136
14.027
13.984
0.061
14.018
13.994
0.035
14.018
14.000
0.029
MIN
14.000
13.795
0.095
14.000
13.907
0.050
14.000
13.966
0.016
14.000
13.983
0.006
14.000
13-989
0.000
MAX
15.110
14.905
0.315
15.043
14.950
0.136
15.027
14.984
0.061
15.018
14.994
0.035
15.018
15.000
0.029
MIN
15.000
14.795
0.095
15.000
14.907
0.050
15.000
14.966
0.016
15.000
14.983
0.006
15.000
14.989
0.000
MAX
16.110
15.905
0.315
16.043
15.950
0.136
16.027
15.984
0.061
16.018
15.994
0.035
16.018
16.000
0.029
MIN
16.000
15.795
0.095
16.000
15.907
0.050
16.000
15.966
0.016
16.000
15.983
0.006
16.000
15.989
0.000
MAX
17.110
16.905
0.315
17.043
16.950
0.136
17.027
16.984
0.061
17.018
16.994
0.035
17.018
17.000
0.029
MIN
17.000
16.795
0.095
17.000
16.907
0.050
17.000
16.966
0.016
17.000
16.983
0.006
17.000
16.989
0.000
MAX
18.110
17.905
0.315
18.043
17.950
0.136
18.027
17.984
0.061
18.018
17.994
0.035
18.018
18.000
0.029
MIN
18.000
17.795
0.095
18.000
17.907
0.050
18.000
17.966
0.016
18.000
17.983
0.006
18.000
17.989
0.000
MAX
19.130
18.890
0.370
19.052
18.935
0.169
19.033
18.980
0.074
19.021
18.993
0.041
19.021
19.000
0.034
MIN
19.000
18.760
0.110
19.000
18.883
0.065
19.000
18.959
0.020
19.000
18.980
0.007
19.000
18.987
0.000
MAX
20.130
19.890
0.370
20.052
19.935
0.169
20.033
19.980
0.074
20.021
19.993
0.041
20.021
20.000
0.034
MIN
20.000
19.760
0.110
20.000
19.883
0.065
20.000
19.959
0.020
20.000
19.980
0.007
20.000
19.987
0.000
MAX
21.130
20.890
0.370
21.052
20.935
0.169
21.033
20.980
0.074
21.021
20.993
0.041
21.021
21.000
0.034
MIN
21.000
20.760
0.110
21.000
20.883
0.065
21.000
20.959
0.020
21.000
20.980
0.007
21.000
20.987
0.000
MAX
22.130
21.890
0.370
22.052
21.935
0.169
22.033
21.980
0.074
22.021
21.993
0.041
22.021
22.000
0.034
MIN
22.000
21.760
0.110
22.000
21.883
0.065
22.000
21.959
0.020
22.000
21.980
0.007
22.000
21.987
0.000
T23
MAX
23.130
22.890
0.370
23.052
22.935
0.169
23.033
22.980
0.074
23.021
22.993
0.041
23.021
23.000
0.034
23.000
22.760
0.110
23.000
22.883
0.065
23.000
22.959
0.020
23.000
22.980
0.007
23.000
22.987
0.000
T24
MIN
MAX
24.130
23.890
0.370
24.052
23.935
0.169
24.033
23.980
0.074
24.021
23.993
0.041
24.021
24.000
0.034
24.000 23.760 0.110

24.000 23.883 0.065 24.000 23.959
0.020 24.000 23.980
0.007 24.000
MIN
NOTES: 1. Select nominal sizes to preference rating as follows: F = First Choice, S = Second Choice, T = Third Choice.
2. ANSI B4.2 lists limit dimensions for nominal sizes marked "F" (First Choice) only. A cost penalty for material stock,
tooling and gages is anticipated for sizes marked with "S" (Second Choice) and "T" (Third Choice).
23.987
0.000
T19
F20
T21
S22
TABLE 6-3 PREFERRED HOLE BASIS TRANSITION AND INTERFERENCE FITS (ANSI B4.2)
mm
LOCATIONAL TRANSN LOCATIONAL TRANSN LOCATIONAL INTERF
BASIC
SIZE
HOLE SHAFT
H7
k6
MAX
7.015
7.010
MIN
7.000
7.001
MAX
8.015
8.010
MIN
8.000
8.001
MAX
5.015
9.010
MIN
9.000
9.001
MAX
10.015
10.010
MIN
10.000
10.001
MAX
11.018
11.012
MIN
11.000
11.001
12.018
12.000
T13
MAX
MIN
MAX
S14
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
7.015
7.019
0.005
7.015
7.024
0.000
7.015
7.032
-0.008
7.015
7.037
-0.013
7.000
7.010
-0.019
7.000
7.015
-0.024
7.000
7.023
-0.032
7.000
7.028
-0.037
0.014
8.015
8.019
0.005
8.015
8.024
0.000
8.015
8.032
-0.008
8.015
8.037
-0.013
-0.010
8.000
8.010
-0.019
8.000
8.015
-0.024
8.000
8.023
-0.032
8.000
8.028
-0.037
0.014
9.015
9.019
0.005
9.015
9.024
0.000
9.015
9.032
-0.008
9.015
9.037
-0.013
-0.010
9.000
9.010
-0.019
9.000
9.015
-0.024
9.000
9.023
-0.032
9.000
9.028
-0.037
0.014
10.015
10.019
0.005
10.015
10.024
0.000
10.015
10.032
-0.008
10.015
10.037
-0.013
-0.010
10.000
10.010
-0.019
10.000
10.015
-0.024
10.000
10.023
-0.032
10.000
10.028
-0.037
0.017
11.018
11.023
0.006
11.018
11.029
0.000
11.018
11.039
-0.010
11.018
11.044
-0.015
-0.012
11.000
11.012
-0.023
11.000
11.018
-0.029
11.000
11.028
-0.039
11.000
11.033
-0.044
12.012
0.017
12.018
12.023
0.006
12.018
12.029
0.000
12.018
12.039
-0.010
12.018
12.044
-0.015
12.001
-0.012
12.000
12.012
-0.023
12.000
12.018
-0.029
12.000
12.028
-0.039
12.000
12.033
-0.044
13.018
13.012
0.017
13.018
13.023
0.006
13.018
13.029
0.000
13.018
13.039
-0.010
13.018
13.044
-0.015
MIN
13.000
13.001
-0.012
13.000
13.012
-0.023
13.000
13.018
-0.029
13.000
13.028
-0.039
13.000
13.033
-0.044
MAX
14.018
14.012
0.017
14.018
14.023
0.006
14.018
14.029
0.000
14.018
14.039
-0.010
14.018
14.044
-0.015
MIN
14.000
14.001
-0.012
14.000
14.012
-0.023
14.000
14.018
-0.029
14.000
14.028
-0.039
14.000
14.033
-0.044
MAX
15.018
15.012
0.017
15.018
15.023
0.006
15.018
15.029
0.000
15.018
15.039
-0.010
15.018
15.044
-0.015
MIN
15.000
15.001
-0.012
15.000
15.012
-0.023
15.000
15.018
-0.029
15.000
15.028
-0.039
15.000
15.033
-0.044
F16
MAX
16.018
16.012
0.017
16.018
16.029
0.006
16.018
16.029
0.000
16.018
16.039
-0.010
16.018
16.044
-0.015
MIN
16.000
16.001
-0.012
16.000
16.012
-0.023
16.000
16.018
-0.029
16.000
16.028
-0.039
16.000
16.033
-0.044
T17
MAX
17.018
17.012
0.017
17.018
17.023
0.006
17.018
17.029
0.000
17.018
17.039
-0.010
17.018
17.044
-0.015
MIN
17.000
17.001
-0.012
17.000
17.012
-0.023
17.000
17.018
-0.029
17.000
17.028
-0.039
17.000
17.033
-0.044
MAX
18.018
18.012
0.017
18.018
18.023
0.006
18.018
18.029
0.000
18.018
18.039
-0.010
18.018
18.044
-0.015
MIN
18.000
18.001
-0.012
18.000
18.012
-0.023
18.000
18.018
-0.029
18.000
18.028
-0.039
18.000
18.033
-0.044
T19
MAX
19.021
19.015
0.019
19.021
19.028
0.006
19.021
19.035
-0.001
19.021
19.048
0.014
19.021
19.054
-0.020
MIN
19.000
19.002
-0.015
19.000
19.015
-0.028
19.000
19.022
-0.035
19.000
19.035
-0.048
19.000
19.041
-0.054
F20
MAX
20.021
20.015
0.019
20.021
20.028
0.006
20.021
20.035
-0.001
20.021
20.048
0.014
20.021
20.054
-0.020
MIN
20.000
20.002
-0.015
20.000
20.015
-0.028
20.000
20.022
-0.035
20.000
20.035
-0.048
20.000
20.041
-0.054
MAX
21.021
21.015
0.019
21.021
21.028
0.006
21.021
21.035
-0.001
21.021
21.048
0.014
21.021
21.054
-0.020
MIN
21.000
21.002
-0.015
21.000
21.015
-0.028
21.000
21.022
-0.035
21.000
21.035
-0.048
21.000
21.041
-0.054
MAX
22.021
22.015
0.019
22.021
22.028
0.006
22.021
22.035
-0.001
22.021
22.048
0.014
22.021
22.054
-0.020
MIN
22.000
22.002
-0.015
22.000
22.015
-0.028
22.000
22.022
-0.035
22.000
22.035
-0.048
22.000
22.041
-0.054
MAX
23.021
23.015
0.019
23.021
23.028
0.006
23.021
23.035
-0.001
23.021
23.048
0.014
23.021
23.054
-0.020
MIN
23.000
23.002
-0.015
23.000
23.015
-0.028
23.000
23.022
-0.035
23.000
23.035
-0.048
23.000
23.041
-0.054
MAX 24.021 24.015 0.019 24.021 24.028 0.006 24.021 24.035 -0.001 24.021 24.048 0.014
24.000 24.002 -0.015 24.000 24.015 -0.028 24.000 24.022
-0.035
24.000 24.035 -0.048
MIN
24.021
24.054
-0.020
24.000
24.041
-0.054
S11
F12
T15
S18
T21
S22
T23
T24
H7
DIFF
0.014
F10
s6
HOLE SHAFT
-0.010
S9
H7
DIFF
n6
F8
p6
FORCE
H7
S7
H7
MEDIUM DRIVE
u6
TABLE 6-4 PREFERRED SHAFT BASIS CLEARANCE FITS (ANSI B4.2)

mm
BASIC
SIZE
LOOSE RUNNING
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
FREE RUNNING
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
CLOSE RUNNING
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
SLIDING
HOLE SHAFT
LOC CLEARANCE
DIFF
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
C11
h11
D9
h9
F8
h7
G7
h6
H7
h6
MAX
7.170
7.000
0.260
7.076
7.000
0.112
7.035
7.000
0.050
7.020
7.000
0.029
7.015
7.000
0.024
MIN
7.080
6.910
0.080
7.040
6.964
0.040
7.013
6.985
0.013
7.005
6.991
0.005
7.000
6.991
0.000
MAX
8.170
8.000
0.260
8.076
8.000
0.112
8.035
8.000
0.050
8.020
8.000
0.029
8.015
8.000
0.024
MIN
8.080
7.910
0.080
8.040
7.964
0.040
8.013
7.985
0.013
8.005
7.991
0.005
8.000
7.991
0.000
MAX
9.170
9.000
0.260
9.076
9.000
0.112
9.035
9.000
0.050
9.020
9.000
0.029
9.015
9.000
0.024
MIN
9.080
8.910
0.080
9.040
8.964
0.040
9.013
8.985
0.013
9.005
8.991
0.005
9.000
8.991
0.000
MAX
10.170
10.000
0.260
10.076
10.000
0.112
10.035
10.000
0.050
10.020
10.000
0.029
10.015
10.000
0.024
MIN
10.080
9.910
0.080
10.040
9.964
0.040
10.013
9.985
0.013
10.005
9.991
0.005
10.000
9.991
0.000
S11
MAX
11.205
11.000
0.315
11.093
11.000
0.136
11.043
11.000
0.061
11.024
11.000
0.035
11.018
11.000
0.029
MIN
11.095
10.890
0.095
11.050
10.957
0.050
11.016
10.982
0.016
11.006
10.989
0.006
11.000
10.989
0.000
F12
MAX
12.205
12.000
0.315
12.093
12.000
0.136
12.043
12.000
0.061
12.024
12.000
0.035
12.018
12.000
0.029
MIN
12.095
11.890
0.095
12.050
11.957
0.050
12.016
11.982
0.016
12.006
11.989
0.006
12.000
11.989
0.000
MAX
13.205
13.000
0.315
13.093
13.000
0.136
13.043
13.000
0.061
13.024
13.000
0.035
13.018
13.000
0.029
MIN
13.095
12.890
0.095
13.050
12.957
0.050
13.016
12.982
0.016
13.006
12.989
0.006
13.000
12.989
0.000
MAX
14.205
14.000
0.315
14.093
14.000
0.136
14.043
14.000
0.061
14.024
14.000
0.035
14.018
14.000
0.029
MIN
14.095
13.890
0.095
14.050
13.957
0.050
14.016
13.982
0.016
14.006
13.989
0.006
14.000
13.989
0.000
MAX
15.205
15.000
0.315
15.093
15.000
0.136
15.043
15.000
0.061
15.024
15.000
0.035
15.018
15.000
0.029
MIN
15.095
14.890
0.095
15.050
14.957
0.050
15.016
14.982
0.016
15.006
14.989
0.006
15.000
14.989
0.000
MAX
16.205
16.000
0.315
16.093
16.000
0.136
16.043
16.000
0.061
16.024
16.000
0.035
16.018
16.000
0.029
MIN
16.095
15.890
0.095
16.050
15.957
0.050
16.016
15.982
0.016
16.006
15.989
0.006
16.000
15.989
0.000
MAX
17.205
17.000
0.315
17.093
17.000
0.136
17.043
17.000
0.061
17.024
17.000
0.035
17.018
17.000
0.029
MIN
17.095
16.890
0.095
17.050
16.957
0.050
17.016
16.982
0.016
17.006
16.989
0.006
17.000
16.989
0.000
MAX
18.205
18.000
0.315
18.093
18.000
0.136
18.043
18.000
0.061
18.024
18.000
0.035
18.018
18.000
0.029
MIN
18.095
17.890
0.095
18.050
17.957
0.050
18.016
17.982
0.016
18.006
17.989
0.006
18.000
17.989
0.000
MAX
19.240
19.000
0.370
19.117
19.000
0.169
19.053
19.000
0.074
19.028
19.000
0.041
19.021
19.000
0.034
MIN
19.110
18.870
0.110
19.065
18.948
0.065
19.020
18.979
0.020
19.007
18.987
0.007
19.000
18.987
0.000
MAX
20.240
20.000
0.370
20.117
20.000
0.169
20.053
20.000
0.074
20.028
20.000
0.041
20.021
20.000
0.034
MIN
20.110
19.870
0.110
20.065
19.948
0.065
20.020
19.979
0.020
20.007
19.987
0.007
20.000
19.987
0.000
MAX
21.240
21.000
0.370
21.117
21.000
0.169
21.053
21.000
0.074
21.028
21.000
0.041
21.021
21.000
0.034
MIN
21.110
20.870
0.110
21.065
20.948
0.065
21.020
20.979
0.020
21.007
20.987
0.007
21.000
20.987
0.000
MAX
22.240
22.000
0.370
22.117
22.000
0.169
22.053
22.000
0.074
22.028
22.000
0.041
22.021
22.000
0.034
MIN
22.110
21.870
0.110
22.065
21.948
0.065
22.020
21.979
0.020
22.007
21.987
0.007
22.000
21.987
0.000
MAX
23.240
23.000
0.370
23.117
23.000
0.169
23.053
23.000
0.074
23.028
23.000
0.041
23.021
23.000
0.034
MIN
23.110
22.870
0.110
23.065
22:948
0.065
23.020
22.979
0.020
23.007
22.987
0.007
23.000
22.987
0.000
MAX
24.240
24.000
0.370
24.117
24.000
0.169
24.053
24.000
0.074
24.028
24.000
0.041
24.021
24.000
0.034
24.110 23.870 0.110

24.065 23.948
0.065
24.020 23.979 0.020
24.007
23.987
0.007
MIN
24.000
23.987
0.000
S7
F8
S9
F10
T13
S14
T15
F16
T17
S18
T19
F20
T21
S22
T23
T24
TABLE 6-5 PREFERRED SHAFT BASIS TRANSITION AND INTERFERENCE FITS (ANSI B4.2)
mm
BASIC
SIZE
S7
F8
S9
F10
S11
F12
T13
S14
T15
F16
T17
S18
T19
F20
T21
S22
LOCATIONAL TRANSN LOCATIONAL TRANSN LOCATIONAL INTERF

MEDIUM DRIVE
HOLE SHAFT DIFF HOLE SHAFT DIFF HOLE SHAFT DIFF
HOLE SHAFT DIFF
K7
h6
N7
h6
MAX
7.005
7.000
0.014
MIN
6.990
6.991
-0.010
MAX
8.005
8.000
0.014
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
7.990
7.991
-0.010
9.005
9.000
8.990
8.991
10.005
10.000
MIN
9.990
9.991
P7
h6
S7
h6
6.996
7.000
0.005
6.991
7.000
0.000
6.983
7.000
6.981
7.996
6.991
-0.019
6.976
8.000
0.005
7.991
6.991
-0.024
6.968
8.000
0.000
7.983
7.981
7.991
-0.019
7.976
7.991
-0.024
7.968
0.014
8.996
9.000
0.005
8.991
9.000
0.000
-0.010
8.981
8.991
-0.019
8.976
8.991
-0.024
0.014
9.996
10.000
0.005
9.991
10.000
0.000
-0.010
9.981
9.991
-0.019
9.976
9.991
-0.024
FORCE
HOLE SHAFT
DIFF
U7
h6
-0.008
6.978
7.000
-0.013
6.991
-0.032
6.963
6.991
-0.037
8.000
-0.008
7.978
8.000
-0.013
7.991
-0.032
7.963
7.991
-0.037
8.983
9.000
-0.008
8.978
9.000
-0.013
8.968
8.991
-0.032
8.963
8.991
-0.037
9.983
10.000
-0.008
9.978
10.000
-0.013
9.968
9.991
-0.032
9.963
9.991
-0.037
-0.015
MAX
11.006
11.000
0.017
10.995
11.000
0.006
10.989
11.000
0.000
10.979
11.000
-0.010
10.974
11.000
MIN
10.988
10.989
-0.012
10.977
10.989
-0.023
10.971
10.989
-0.029
10.961
10.989
-0.039
10.956
10.989
-0.044
MAX
12.006
12.000
0.017
11.995
12.000
0.006
11.989
12.000
0.000
11.979
12.000
-0.010
11.974
12.000
-0.015
MIN
11.988
11.989
-0.012
11.977
11.989
-0.023
11.971
11.989
-0.029
11.961
11.989
-0.039
11.956
11.989
-0.044
MAX
13.006
13.000
0.017
12.995
13.000
0.006
12.989
13.000
0.000
12.979
13.000
-0.010
12.974
13.000
-0.015
MIN
12.988
12.989
-0.012
12.977
12.989
-0.023
12.971
12.989
-0.029
12.961
12.989
-0.039
12.956
12.989
-0.044
MAX
14.006
14.000
0.017
13.995
14.000
0.006
13.989
14.000
0.000
13.979
14.000
-0.010
13.974
14.000
0.015
MIN
13.988
13.989
-0.012
13.977
13.989
-0.023
13.971
13.989
-0.029
13.961
13.989
-0.039
13.956
13.989
-0.044
MAX
15.006
15.000
0.017
14.995
15.000
0.006
14.989
15.000
0.000
14.979
15.000
-0.010
14.974
15.000
-0.015
MIN
14.988
14.989
-0.012
14.977
14.989
-0.023
14.971
14.989
-0.029
14.961
14.989
-0.039
14.956
14.989
-0.044
-0.015
MAX
16.006
16.000
0.017
15.995
16.000
0.006
15.989
16.000
0.000
15.979
16.000
-0.010
15.974
16.000
MIN
15.988
15.989
-0.012
15.977
15.989
-0.023
15.971
15.989
-0.029
15.961
15.989
-0.039
15.956
15.989
-0.044
MAX
17.006
17.000
0.017
16.995
17.000
0.006
16.989
17.000
0.000
16.979
17.000
-0.010
16.974
17.000
-0.015
MIN
16.988
16.989
-0.012
16.977
16.989
-0.023
16.971
16.989
-0.029
16.961
16.989
-0.039
16.956
16.989
-0.044
MAX
18.006
18.000
0.017
17.995
18.000
0.006
17.989
18.000
0.000
17.979
18.000
-0.010
17.974
18.000
-0.015
MIN
17.988
17.989
-0.012
17.977
17.989
-0.023
17.971
17.989
-0.029
17.961
17.989
-0.039
17.956
17.989
-0.044
19.000
0.019
18.993
19.000
0.006
18.986
19.000
-0.001
18.973
19.000
-0.014
18.967
19.000
-0.020
MAX
19.006
MIN
18.985
18.987
-0.015
18.972
18.987
-0.028
18.965
18.987
-0.035
18.952
18.987
-0.048
18.946
18.987
-0.054
MAX
20.006
20.000
0.019
19.993
20.000
0.006
19.986
20.000
-0.001
19.973
20.000
-0.014
19.967
20.000
-0.020
MIN
19.985
19.987
-0.015
19.972
19.987
-0.028
19.965
19.987
-0.035
19.952
19.987
-0.048
19.946
19.987
-0.054
MAX
21.006
21.000
0.019
20.993
21.000
0.006
20.986
21.000
-0.001
20.973
21.000
-0.014
20.967
21.000
-0.020
MIN
20.985
20.987
-0.015
20.972
20.987
-0.028
20.965
20.987
-0.035
20.952
20.987
-0.048
20.946
20.987
-0.054
-0.020
MAX
22.006
22.000
0.019
21.993
22.000
0.006
21.986
22.000
-0.001
21.973
22.000
-0.014
21.967
22.000
MIN
21.985
21.987
-0.015
21.972
21.987
-0.028
21.965
21.987
-0.035
21.952
21.987
-0.048
21.946
21.987
-0.054
MAX
23.006
23.000
0.019
22.993
23.000
0.006
22.986
23.000
-0.001
22.973
23.000
-0.014
22.967
23.000
-0.020
MIN
22.985
22.987
-0.015
22.972
22.987
-0.028
22.965
22.987
-0.035
22.952
22.987
-0.048
22.946
22.987
-0.054
MAX
24.006
24.000
0.019
23.993
24.000
0.006
23.986
24.000
-0.001
23.973
24.000
-0.014
23.967
24.000
-0.020
23.985 23.987 -0.015 23.972 23.987

-0.028
23.965 23.987 -0.035
23.952 23.987 -0.048
MIN
23.946
23.987
-0.054
T23
T24
F6
D7 E7 F7
C8 D8 E8 F8
A9 B9 C9 D9 E9 F9
A10 B10 C10 D10 E10 F10
A11 B11 C11 D11 E11 F11
A12 B12 C12 D12 E12
A13 B13 C13
A14 B14
See Table No.

6
6-
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
H1
JS1
H2
JS2
H3
JS3
H4
JS4
H5
JS5 K5
H6 J6 JS6 K6
H7 J7 JS7 K7
H8 J8 JS8 K8
H9
JS9 K9
H10
JS10 K10
H11
JS11
H12
JS12
H13
JS13
H14
JS14
H15
JS15
H16
JS16
10
11
M5
M6
M7
MS
M9
M10
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
12
P5
P6
P7
P8
Y9
P10
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
14
13
U5
U6
U7
U8
U9
U10
V5 X5 Y5
V6 X6 Y6
V7 X7 Y7
V8 XS Y8
V9 X9 Y9
V10 X10 Y10
15
16
Z5
Z6
Z7
Z8
Z9
Z10
17
Legend: See Note to FIG. 6-2 below
FIG. 6-1 TOLERANCE ZONES FOR INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (ANSI B4.2)
a9
a10
a11
a12
a13
a14
b9
b10
b11
b12
b13
b14
See Table No.

18
6-
d7
c8
d8
c9 d9
c10 d10
c11 d11
c12 d12
c13
19
f5
e6 f6
e7 f7
e8 f8
e9 f9
e10 f10
e11
20
g4
g5
g6
g7
g8
g9
21
h1
h2
h3
h4
h5 j5
h6 j6
h7 j7
h8
h9
h10
h11
h12
h13
h14
h15
h16
22
21
js1
js2
js3
js4
js5
js6
js7
js8
js9
js10
js11
js12
js13
js14
js15
js16
23
k4
k5
k6
k7
k8
k9
m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
24
n4
n5
n6
n7
n8
n9
p4
p5
p6
p7
p8
p9
25
r4
r5
r6
r7
r8
r9
s4
s5
s6
s7
s8
s9
26
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
u4
u5
u6
u7
u8
u9
27
v4
v5
v6
v7
v8
v9
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
x9
28
y4
y5
y6
y7
y8
y9
z4
z5
z6
z7
z8
z9
29
Legend: First choice tolerance zones are printed in bold (ANSI B4.2 preferred)
Second choice tolerance zones framed (ISO 1829 selected)
Third choice tolerance zones open
FIG. 6-2 TOLERANCE ZONES FOR EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (ANSI B4.2)
TABLE 6-6 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (A14 ... A9, B14 ...B9) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
B9
+0.520
+0.270
+0.570
+0.270
+0.640
+0.280
+0.720
+0.290
+0.720
+0.290
+0.820
+0.300
+0.820
+0.300
+0.930
+0.310
+0.940
+0.320
+1.080
+0.340
+1.100
+0.360
+1.250
+0.380
1.280
+0.410
+1.460
+0.460
+1.520
+0.520
+1.580
+0.580
+1.810
+0.660
+1.890
+0.740
+1.970
+0.820
+2.220
+0.920
+2.350
+1.050
+2.600
+1.200
+2.750
+1.350
+3.050
+1.500
+3.200
+1.650
+0.410
+0.270
+0.450
+0.270
+0.500
+0.280
+0.560
+0.290
+0.560
+0.290
+0.630
+0.300
+0.630
+0.300
+0.700
+0.310
+0.710
+0.320
+0.800
+0.340
+0.820
+0.360
+0.920
+0.380
+0.950
+0.410
+1.090
+0.460
+1.150
+0.520
+1.210
+0.580
+1.380
+0.660
+1.460
+0.740
+1.540
+0.820
+1.730
+0.920
+1.860
+1.050
+2.090
+1.200
+2.240
+1.350
+2.470
+1.500
+2.620
+1.650
+0.370
+0.270
+0.390
+0.270
+0.430
+0.280
+0.470
+0.290
+0.470
+0.290
+0.510
+0.300
+0.510
+0.300
+0.560
+0.310
+0.570
+0.320
+0.640
+0.340
+0.660
+0.360
+0.730
+0.380
+0.760
+0.410
+0.860
+0.460
+0.920
+0.520
+0.980
+0.580
+1.120
+0.660
+1.200
+0.740
+1.280
+0.820
+1.440
+0.920
+1.570
+1.050
+1.770
+1.200
+1.920
+1.350
+2.130
+1.500
+2.280
+1.650
+0.330
+0.270
+0.345
+0.270
+0.370
+0.280
+0.400
+0.290
+0.400
+0.290
+0.430
+0.300
+0.430
+0.300
+0.470
+0.310
+0.480
+0.320
+0.530
+0.340
+0.550
+0.360
+0.600
+0.380
+0.630
+0.410
+0.710
+0.460
+0.770
+0.520
+0.830
+0.580
+0.950
+0.660
+1.030
+0.740
+1.110
+0.820
+1.240
+0.920
+1.370
+1.050
+1.560
+1.200
+1.710
+1.350
+1.900
+1.500
+2.050
+1.650
+0.310
+0.270
+0.318
+0.270
+0.338
+0.280
+0.360
+0.290
+0.360
+0.290
+0.384
+0.300
+0.384
+0.300
+0.410
+0.310
+0.420
+0.320
+0.460
+0.340
+0.480
+0.360
+0.520
+0.380
+0.550
+0.410
+0.620
+0.460
+0.680
+0.520
+0.740
+0.580
+0.845
+0.660
+0.925
+0.740
+1.005
+0.820
+1.130
+0.920
+1.260
+1.050
+1.430
+1.200
+1.580
+1.350
+1.750
+1.500
+1.900
+1.650
+0.295
+0.270
+0.300
+0.270
+0.316
+0.280
+0.338
+0.290
+0.333
+0.290
+0.352
+0.300
+0.352
+0.300
+0.372
+0.310
+0.382
+0.320
+0.414
+0.340
+0.434
+0.360
+0.467
+0.380
+0.497
+0.410
+0.560
+0.460
+0.620
+0.520
+0.680
+0.580
+0.775
+0.660
+0.855
+0.740
+0.935
+0.820
+1.050
+0.920
+1.180
+1.050
+1.340
+1.200
+1.490
+1.350
+1.655
+1.500
+1.805
+1.650
+0.390
+0.140
+0.440
+0.140
+0.510
+0.150
+0.580
+0.150
+0.580
+0.150
+0.680
+0.160
+0.680
+0.160
+0.790
+0.170
+0.800
+0.180
+0.930
+0.190
+0.940
+0.200
+1.090
+0.220
+1.110
+0.240
+1.260
+0.260
+1.280
+0.280
+1.310
+0.310
+1.490
+0.340
+1.530
+0.380
+1.570
+0.420
+1.780
+0.480
+1.840
+0.540
+2.000
+0.600
+2.080
+0.680
+2.310
+0.760
+2.390
+0.840
+0.280
+0.140
+0.320
+0.140
+0.370
+0.150
+0.420
+0.150
+0.420
+0.150
+0.490
+0.160
+0.490
+0.160
+0.560
+0.170
+0.570
+0.180
+0.650
+0.190
+0.660
+0.200
+0.760
+0.220
+0.780
+0.240
+0.890
+0.260
+0.910
+0.280
+0.940
+0.310
+1.060
+0.340
+1.100
+0.380
+1.140
+0.420
+1.290
+0.480
+1.350
+0.540
+1.490
+0.600
+1.570
+0.680
+1.730
+0.760
+1.810
+0.840
0.240
+0.140
+0.260
+0.140
+0.300
+0.150
+0.330
+0.150
+0.330
+0.150
+0.370
+0.160
+0.370
+0.160
+0.420
+0.170
+0.430
+0.180
+0.490
+0.190
+0.500
+0.200
+0.570
+0.220
+0.590
+0.240
+0.660
+0.260
+0.680
+0.280
+0.710
+0.310
+0.800
+0.340
+0.840
+0.380
+0.880
+0.420
+1.000
+0.480
+1.060
+0.540
+1.170
+0.600
+1.250
+0.680
+1.390
+0.760
+1.470
+0.840
+0.200
+0.140
+0.215
+0.140
+0.240
+0.150
+0.260
+0.150
+0.260
+0.150
+0.290
+0.160
+0.290
+0.160
+0.330
+0.170
+0.340
+0.180
+0.380
+0.190
+0.390
+0.200
+0.440
+0.220
+0.460
+0.240
+0.510
+0.260
+0.530
+0.280
+0.560
+0.310
+0.630
+0.340
+0.670
+0.380
+0.710
+0.420
+0.800
+0.480
+0.860
+0.540
+0.960
+0.600
+1.040
+0.680
+1.160
+0.760
+1.240
+0.840
+0.180
+0.140
+0.188
+0.140
+0.208
+0.150
+0.220
+0.150
0.220
+0.150
+0.244
+0.160
+0.244
+0.160
+0.270
+0.170
+0.280
+0.180
+0.310
+0.190
+0.320
+0.200
+0.360
+0.220
+0.380
+0.240
+0.420
+0.260
+0.440
+0.280
+0.470
+0.310
+0.525
+0.340
+0.565
+0.380
+0.605
+0.420
+0.690
+0.480
+0.750
+0.540
+0.830
+0.600
+0.910
+0.680
+1.010
+0.760
+1.090
+0.840
0.165
+0.140
+0.170
+0.140
+0.186
+0.150
+0.193
+0.150
+0.193
+0.150
+0.212
+0.160
+0.212
+0.160
+0.232
+0.170
+0.242
+0.180
+0.264
+0.190
+0.274
+0.200
+0.307
+0.220
+0.327
+0.240
+0.360
+0.260
+0.380
+0.280
+0.410
+0.310
+0.455
+0.340
+0.495
+0.380
+0.535
+0.420
+0.610
+0.480
+0.670
+0.540
+0.740
+0.600
+0.820
+0.680
+0.915
+0.760
+0.995
+0.840
TABLE 6-7 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (C13... C8, D12 ... D7) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
C13
C12
C11
C10
C9
C8
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
0.200
0.060
+0.250
+0.070
+0.300
+0.080
+0.365
+0.095
+0.365
+0.095
+0.440
+0.110
+0.440
+0.110
+0.510
+0.120
+0.520
+0.130
+0.600
+0.140
+0.610
+0.150
0.710
+0.170
+0.720
+0.180
0.830
+0.200
+0.840
+0.210
+0.860
+0.230
+0.960
+0.240
+0.980
+0.260
+1.000
+0.280
+1.110
+0.300
+1.140
+0.330
+1.250
+0.360
+1.290
+0.400
+1.410
+0.440
+1.450
+0.480
0.160
0.060
+0.190
+0.070
+0.230
+0.080
+0.275
+0.095
+0.275
+0.095
0.320
+0.110
0.320
+0.110
+0.370
+0.120
+0.380
+0.130
+0.440
+0.140
0.450
+0.150
0.520
+0.170
+0.530
+0.180
+0.600
+0.200
+0.610
+0.210
+0.630
+0.230
+0.700
+0.240
+0.720
+0.260
+0.740
+0.280
+0.820
+0.300
+0.850
+0.330
+0.930
+0.360
+0.970
+0.400
+1.070
+0.440
+1.110
+0.480
0.120
0.060
+0.145
+0.070
0.170
+0.080
+0.205
+0.095
+0.205
+0.095
+0.240
+0.110
+0.240
+0.110
+0.280
+0.120
+0.290
+0.130
+0.330
+0.140
+0.340
+0.150
+0.390
+0.170
+0.400
+0.180
+0.450
+0.200
0.460
+0.210
+0.480
+0.230
+0.530
+0.240
+0.550
+0.260
+0.570
+0.280
+0.620
+0.300
+0.650
+0.330
+0.720
+0.360
+0.760
+0.400
+0.840
+0.440
+0.880
+0.480
0.100
0.060
0.118
+0.070
+0.138
+0.080
+0.165
+0.095
+0.165
+0.095
+0.194
+0.110
+0.194
+0.110
0.220
+0.120
0.230
+0.130
0.260
+0.140
0.270
+0.150
+0.310
+0.170
0.320
+0.180
0.360
+0.200
+0.370
+0.210
+0.390
+0.230
+0.425
+0.240
+0.445
+0.260
+0.465
+0.280
+0.510
+0.300
+0.540
+0.330
+0.590
+0.360
+0.630
+0.400
+0.690
+0.440
+0.730
+0.480
0.085
0.060
0.100
+0.070
+0.116
+0.080
0.138
+0.095
0.138
+0.095
+0.162
+0.110
+0.162
+0.110
0.182
+0.120
+0.192
+0.130
+0.214
+0.140
+0.224
+0.150
+0.257
+0.170
0.267
+0.180
+0.300
+0.200
+0.310
+0.210
+0.330
+0.230
+0.355
+0.240
+0.375
+0.260
+0.395
+0.280
+0.430
+0.300
+0.460
+0.330
+0.500
+0.360
+0.540
+0.400
+0.595
+0.440
+0.635
+0.480
0.074
0.060
0.088
+0.070
0.102
+0.080
0.122
+0.095
0.122
+0.095
+0.143
+0.110
+0.143
+0.110
0.159
+0.120
0.169
+0.130
0.186
+0.140
0.196
+0.150
0.224
+0.170
0.234
+0.180
0.263
+0.200
0.273
+0.210
+0.293
+0.230
+0.312
+0.240
+0.332
+0.260
+0.352
+0.280
+0.381
+0.300
+0.411
+0.330
+0.449
+0.360
+0.489
+0.400
+0.537
+0.440
+0.577
+0.480
0.120
0.020
0.150
+0.030
+0.190
+0.040
0.230
+0.050
0.230
+0.050
0.275
+0.065
0.275
+0.065
+0.330
+0.080
+0.330
+0.080
+0.400
+0.100
+0.400
+0.100
0.470
+0.120
0.470
+0.120
+0.545
+0.145
+0.545
+0.145
+0.545
+0.145
+0.630
+0.170
+0.630
+0.170
+0.630
+0.170
0.710
+0.190
+0.710
+0.190
+0.780
+0.210
+0.780
+0.210
+0.860
+0.230
+0.860
+0.230
0.080
0.020
0.105
+0.030
+0.130
+0.040
0.160
+0.050
0.160
+0.050
+0.195
+0.065
+0.195
+0.065
0.240
+0.080
0.240
+0.080
+0.290
+0.100
+0.290
+0.100
+0.340
+0.120
+0.340
+0.120
0.395
+0.145
0.395
+0.145
+0.395
+0.145
+0.460
+0.170
+0.460
+0.170
+0.460
+0.170
+0.510
+0.190
+0.510
+0.190
+0.570
+0.210
+0.570
+0.210
+0.630
+0.230
+0.630
+0.230
0.060
0.020
0.078
+0.030
+0.098
+0.040
0.120
+0.050
0.120
+0.050
0.149
+0.065
0.149
+0.065
+0.180
+0.080
+0.180
+0.080
+0.220
+0.100
+0.220
+0.100
+0.260
+0.120
+0.260
+0.120
+0.305
+0.145
+0.305
+0.145
+0.305
+0.145
+0.355
+0.170
+0.355
+0.170
+0.355
+0.170
+0.400
+0.190
+0.400
+0.190
+0.440
+0.210
+0.440
+0.210
+0.480
+0.230
+0.480
+0.230
0.045
0.020
+0.060
+0.030
+0.076
+0.040
0.093
+0.050
0.093
+0.050
+0.117
+0.065
+0.117
+0.065
+0.142
+0.080
+0.142
+0.080
+0.174
+0.100
+0.174
+0.100
+0.207
+0.120
+0.207
+0.120
+0.245
+0.145
+0.245
+0.145
+0.245
+0.145
+0.285
+0.170
+0.285
+0.170
+0.285
+0.170
+0.320
+0.190
+0.320
+0.190
+0.350
+0.210
+0.350
+0.210
+0.385
+0.230
+0.385
+0.230
0.034
0.020
+0.048
+0.030
+0.062
+0.040
+0.077
+0.050
+0.077
+0.050
+0.098
+0.065
+0.098
+0.065
+0.119
+0.080
+0.119
+0.080
0.146
+0.100
0.146
+0.100
+0.174
+0.120
+0.174
+0.120
+0.208
+0.145
+0.208
+0.145
+0.208
+0.145
+0.242
+0.170
+0.242
+0.170
+0.242
+0.170
+0.271
+0.190
+0.271
+0.190
+0.299
+0.210
+0.299
+0.210
+0.327
+0.230
+0.327
+0.230
0.030
0.020
+0.042
+0.030
+0.055
+0.040
+0.068
+0.050
+0.068
+0.050
+0.086
+0.065
+0.086
+0.065
+0.105
+0.080
+0.105
+0.080
+0.130
+0.100
+0.130
+0.100
+0.155
+0.120
+0.155
+0.120
+0.185
+0.145
+0.185
+0.145
+0.185
+0.145
+0.216
+0.170
+0.216
+0.170
+0.216
+0.170
+0.242
+0.190
+0.242
+0.190
+0.267
+0.210
+0.267
+0.210
+0.293
+0.230
+0.293
+0.230
TABLE 6-8 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (E12 ... E7, F11 ... F6) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
E12
+0.114
+0.014
0.140
+0.020
+0.175
0.025
0.212
+0.032
+0.212
+0.032
0.250
+0.040
0.250
+0.040
+0.300
+0.050
+0.300
+0.050
+0.360
+0.060
+0.360
+0.060
+0.422
+0.072
+0.422
+0.072
+0.485
+0.085
+0.485
+0.085
+0.485
+0.085
0.560
+0.100
0.560
+0.100
0.560
+0.100
+0.630
+0.110
+0.630
+0.110
+0.695
+0.125
+0.695
+0.125
+0.765
+0.135
+0.765
+0.135
E11
0.074
+0.014
+0.095
+0.020
0.115
0.025
0.142
+0.032
+0.142
+0.032
+0.170
+0.040
+0.170
+0.040
+0.210
+0.050
+0.210
+0.050
+0.250
+0.060
+0.250
+0.060
+0.292
+0.072
+0.292
+0.072
+0.335
+0.085
+0.335
+0.085
+0.335
+0.085
0.390
+0.100
0.390
+0.100
0.390
+0.100
0.430
+0.110
0.430
+0.110
+0.485
+0.125
+0.485
+0.125
+0.535
+0.135
+0.535
+0.135
E10
0.054
+0.014
+0.068
+0.020
0.083
0.025
0.102
+0.032
0.102
+0.032
+0.124
+0.040
+0.124
+0.040
0.150
+0.050
0.150
+0.050
+0.180
+0.060
+0.180
+0.060
+0.212
+0.072
+0.212
+0.072
0.245
+0.085
0.245
+0.085
0.245
+0.085
+0.285
+0.100
+0.285
+0.100
+0.285
+0.100
+0.320
+0.110
+0.320
+0.110
+0.355
+0.125
+0.355
+0.125
0.385
+0.135
0.385
+0.135
E9
0.039
+0.014
+0.050
+0.020
0.061
0.025
0.075
+0.032
+0.075
+0.032
+0.092
+0.040
+0.092
+0.040
0.112
+0.050
0.112
+0.050
0.134
+0.060
0.134
+0.060
+0.159
+0.072
+0.159
+0.072
0.185
+0.085
0.185
+0.085
0.185
+0.085
+0.215
+0.100
+0.215
+0.100
+0.215
+0.100
+0.240
+0.110
+0.240
+0.110
0.265
+0.125
0.265
+0.125
0.290
+0.135
0.290
+0.135
E8
0.028
+0.014
0.038
+0.020
0.047
0.025
0.059
+0.032
+0.059
+0.032
+0.073
+0.040
+0.073
+0.040
+0.089
+0.050
+0.089
+0.050
0.106
+0.060
0.106
+0.060
+0.126
+0.072
+0.126
+0.072
0.148
+0.085
0.148
+0.085
0.148
+0.085
+0.172
+0.100
+0.172
+0.100
+0.172
+0.100
+0.191
+0.110
+0.191
+0.110
0.214
+0.125
0.214
+0.125
0.232
+0.135
0.232
+0.135
E7
0.024
+0.014
0.032
+0.020
+0.040
0.025
+0.050
+0.032
+0.050
+0.032
.061
+0.040
.061
+0.040
+0.075
+0.050
+0.075
+0.050
0.090
+0.060
0.090
+0.060
+0.107
+0.072
+0.107
+0.072
+0.125
+0.085
+0.125
+0.085
+0.125
+0.085
+0.146
+0.100
+0.146
+0.100
+0.146
+0.100
+0.162
+0.110
+0.162
+0.110
0.182
+0.125
0.182
+0.125
+0.198
+0.135
+0.198
+0.135
F11
0.066
+0.006
0.085
+0.010
0.103
+0.013
0.126
+0.016
0.126
+0.016
0.150
+0.020
0.150
+0.020
0.185
+0.025
0.185
+0.025
0.220
+0.030
0.220
+0.030
0.256
+0.036
0.256
+0.036
0.293
+0.043
0.293
+0.043
0.293
+0.043
0.340
+0.050
0.340
+0.050
0.340
+0.050
0.376
+0.056
0.376
+0.056
0.422
+0.062
0.422
+0.062
+0.468
+0.068
+0.468
+0.068
F10
0.046
+0.006
+0.058
+0.010
0.071
+0.013
+0.086
+0.016
+0.086
+0.016
+0.104
+0.020
+0.104
+0.020
0.125
+0.025
0.125
+0.025
+0.150
+0.030
+0.150
+0.030
+0.176
+0.036
+0.176
+0.036
0.203
+0.043
0.203
+0.043
0.203
+0.043
+0.235
+0.050
+0.235
+0.050
+0.235
+0.050
0.266
+0.056
0.266
+0.056
+0.292
+0.062
+0.292
+0.062
+0.318
+0.068
+0.318
+0.068
F9
0.031
+0.006
0.040
+0.010
0.049
+0.013
0.059
+0.016
0.059
+0.016
0.072
+0.020
0.072
+0.020
+0.087
+0.025
+0.087
+0.025
0.104
+0.030
0.104
+0.030
0.123
+0.036
0.123
+0.036
+0.143
+0.043
+0.143
+0.043
+0.143
+0.043
0.165
+0.050
0.165
+0.050
0.165
+0.050
0.186
+0.056
0.186
+0.056
0.202
+0.062
0.202
+0.062
0.223
+0.068
0.223
+0.068
F8
0.020
+0.006
+0.028
+0.010
0.035
+0.013
+0.043
+0.016
+0.043
+0.016
+0.053
+0.020
+0.053
+0.020
+0.064
+0.025
+0.064
+0.025
+0.076
+0.030
+0.076
+0.030
+0.090
+0.036
+0.090
+0.036
0.106
+0.043
0.106
+0.043
0.106
+0.043
+0.122
+0.050
+0.122
+0.050
+0.122
+0.050
+0.137
+0.056
+0.137
+0.056
+0.151
+0.062
+0.151
+0.062
+0.165
+0.068
+0.165
+0.068
F7
0.016
+0.006
0.022
+0.010
0.028
+0.013
0.034
+0.016
0.034
+0.016
0.041
+0.020
0.041
+0.020
0.050
+0.025
0.050
+0.025
0.060
+0.030
0.060
+0.030
0.071
+0.036
0.071
+0.036
+0.083
+0.043
+0.083
+0.043
+0.083
+0.043
0.096
+0.050
0.096
+0.050
0.096
+0.050
0.108
+0.056
+0.108
+0.056
+0.119
+0.062
+0.119
+0.062
+0.131
+0.068
+0.131
+0.068
F6
+0.012
+0.006
+0.018
+0.010
+0.022
+0.013
+0.027
+0.016
+0.027
+0.016
0.033
+0.020
0.033
+0.020
+0.041
+0.025
+0.041
+0.025
+0.049
+0.030
+0.049
+0.030
0.058
+0.036
+0.058
+0.036
+0.068
+0.043
+0.068
+0.043
+0.068
+0.043
+0.079
+0.050
+0.079
+0.050
+0.079
+0.050
+0.088
+0.056
+0.088
+0.056
+0.098
+0.062
+0.098
+0.062
+0.108
+0.068
+0.108
+0.068
TABLE 6-9 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (G10 ... G5, J8 . . . J6) (ANSI B4.2)
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER 100
TO
120
OVER 120
TO
140
OVER 140
TO
160
G10
0.042
+0.002
+0.052
+0.004
+0.063
+0.005
+0.076
+0.006
+0.076
+0.006
+0.091
+0.007
+0.091
+0.007
+0.109
+0.009
+0.109
+0.009
+0.130
+0.010
+0.130
+0.010
+0.152
+0.012
+0.152
+0.012
+0.174
+0.014
+0.174
+0.014
G9
0.027
+0.002
+0.034
+0.004
+0.041
+0.005
+0.049
+0.006
+0.049
+0.006
+0.059
+0.007
+0.059
+0.007
+0.071
+0.009
+0.071
+0.009
+0.084
+0.010
+0.084
+0.010
+0.099
+0.012
+0.099
+0.012
+0.114
+0.014
+0.114
+0.014
G8
+0.016
+0.002
+0.022
+0.004
+0.027
+0.005
+0.033
+0.006
+0.033
+0.006
+0.040
+0.007
+0.040
+0.007
+0.048
+0.009
+0.048
+0.009
+0.056
+0.010
+0.056
+0.010
+0.066
+0.012
+0.066
+0.012
+0.077
+0.014
+0.077
+0.014
G7
+0.012
+0.002
+0.016
+0.004
+0.020
+0.005
+0.024
+0.006
+0.024
+0.006
+0.028
+0.007
+0.028
+0.007
+0.034
+0.009
+0.034
+0.009
+0.040
+0.010
+0.040
+0.010
+0.047
+0.012
+0.047
+0.012
+0.054
+0.014
+0.054
+0.014
G6
+0.008
+0.002
+0.012
+0.004
+0.014
+0.005
0.017
+0.006
0.017
+0.006
+0.020
+0.007
+0.020
+0.007
+0.025
+0.009
+0.025
+0.009
0.029
+0.010
+0.029
+0.010
+0.034
+0.012
+0.034
+0.012
+0.039
+0.014
+0.039
+0.014
G5
+0.006
+0.002
+0.009
+0.004
+0.011
+0.005
+0.014
+0.006
+0.014
+0.006
+0.016
+0.007
+0.016
+0.007
+0.020
+0.009
+0.020
+0.009
+0.023
+0.010
+0.023
+0.010
+0.027
+0.012
+0.027
+0.012
+0.032
+0.014
+0.032
+0.014
J8
+0.006
-0.008
0.010
-0.008
+0.012
-0.010
0.015
-0.012
0.015
-0.012
+0.020
-0.013
+0.020
-0.013
0.024
-0.015
0.024
-0.015
+0.028
-0.018
+0.028
-0.018
0.034
-0.020
0.034
-0.020
0.041
-0.022
0.041
-0.022
J7
+0.004
-0.006
+0.006
-0.006
+0.008
-0.007
0.010
-0.008
0.010
-0.008
+0.012
-0.009
+0.012
-0.009
0.014
-0.011
0.014
-0.011
0.018
-0.012
0.018
-0.012
0.022
-0.013
0.022
-0.013
0.026
-0.014
0.026
-0.014
mm
J6
+0.002
-0.004
+0.005
-0.003
+0.005
-0.004
+0.006
-0.005
+0.006
-0.005
+0.008
-0.005
+0.008
-0.005
0.010
-0.006
0.010
-0.006
0.013
-0.006
0.013
-0.006
0.016
-0.006
0.016
-0.006
+0.018
-0.007
+0.018
-0.007
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
+0.174
+0.014
+0.200
+0.015
+0.200
+0.015
+0.200
+0.015
+0.227
+0.017
+0.227
+0.017
+0.248
+0.018
+0.248
+0.018
+0.270
+0.020
+0.270
+0.020
+0.114
+0.014
+0.130
+0.015
+0.130
+0.015
+0.130
+0.015
+0.147
+0.017
+0.147
+0.017
+0.158
+0.018
+0.158
+0.018
+0.175
+0.020
+0.175
+0.020
+0.077
+0.014
+0.087
+0.015
+0.087
+0.015
+0.087
+0.015
+0.098
+0.017
+0.098
+0.017
+0.107
+0.018
+0.107
+0.018
+0.117
+0.020
+0.117
+0.020
+0.054
+0.014
+0.061
+0.015
+0.061
+0.015
+0.061
+0.015
+0.069
+0.017
+0.069
+0.017
+0.075
+0.018
+0.075
+0.018
+0.083
+0.020
+0.083
+0.020
+0.039
+0.014
+0.044
+0.015
+0.044
+0.015
+0.044
+0.015
+0.049
+0.017
+0.049
+0.017
+0.054
+0.018
+0.054
+0.018
+0.060
+0.020
+0.060
+0.020
+0.032
+0.014
+0.035
+0.015
+0.035
+0.015
+0.035
+0.015
+0.040
+0.017
+0.040
+0.017
+0.043
+0.018
+0.043
+0.018
+0.047
+0.020
+0.047
+0.020
0.041
-0.022
0.047
-0.025
0.047
-0.025
0.047
-0.025
0.055
-0.026
0.055
-0.026
0.060
-0.029
0.060
-0.029
0.066
-0.031
0.066
-0.031
0.026
-0.014
0.030
-0.016
0.030
-0.016
0.030
-0.016
+0.036
-0.016
+0.036
-0.016
0.039
-0.018
0.039
-0.018
+0.043
-0.020
+0.043
-0.020
+0.018
-0.007
+0.022
-0.007
+0.022
-0.007
+0.022
-0.007
0.025
-0.007
0.025
-0.007
0.029
-0.007
0.029
-0.007
+0.033
-0.007
+0.033
-0.007
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
TABLE 6-10 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (H16 ... H1) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER
100
TO
120
OVER
120
TO
140
OVER
140
TO
160
OVER
160
TO
180
OVER
180
TO
200
OVER
200
TO
225
OVER
225
TO
250
OVER
250
TO
280
OVER
280
TO
315
OVER
315
TO
355
OVER
355
TO
400
OVER
400
TO
450
OVER
450
TO
500
H16
H15
H14
H13
H12
H11
H10
H9
H8
H7
H6
H5
H4
H3
H2
H1
0.600
0.000
0.750
0.000
0.900
0.400
0.000
0.480
0.000
0.580
0.250
0.000
0.300
0.000
0.360
0.140
0.000
0.180
0.000
0.220
0.100
0.000
0.120
0.000
0.150
0.060
0.000
0.075
0.000
0.090
0.040
0.000
0.048
0.000
0.058
0.025
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.036
0.014
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.022
0.010
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.015
0.006
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.009
0.004
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.006
0.003
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.0008
0.0000
0.0010
0.0000
0.0010
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0000
1.100
0.700
0.430
0.270
0.180
0.110
0.070
0.043
0.027
0.018
0.011
0.008
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.0012
0.000
1.100
0.000
0.700
0.000
0.430
0.000
0.270
0.000
0.180
0.000
0.110
0.000
0.070
0.000
0.043
0.000
0.027
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.011
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.0000
0.0012
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0000
1.300
0.000
1.300
0.000
1.600
0.840
0.000
0.840
0.000
1.000
0.520
0.000
0.520
0.000
0.620
0.330
0.000
0.330
0.000
0.390
0.210
0.000
0.210
0.000
0.250
0.130
0.000
0.130
0.000
0.160
0.084
0.000
0.084
0.000
0.100
0.052
0.000
0.052
0.000
0.062
0.033
0.000
0.033
0.000
0.039
0.021
0.000
0.021
0.000
0.025
0.013
0.000
0.013
0.000
0.016
0.009
0.000
0.009
0.000
0.011
0.006
0.000
0.006
0.000
0.007
0.004
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.004
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.0015
0.0000
0.0015
0.0000
0.0015
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0000
1.600
0.000
1.900
0.000
1.900
0.000
1.000
0.000
1.200
0.000
1.200
0.000
0.620
0.000
0.740
0.000
0.740
0.000
0.390
0.000
0.460
0.000
0.460
0.000
0.250
0.000
0.300
0.000
0.300
0.000
0.160
0.000
0.190
0.000
0.190
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.120
0.000
0.120
0.000
0.062
0.000
0.074
0.000
0.074
0.000
0.039
0.000
0.046
0.000
0.046
0.000
0.025
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.016
0.000
0.019
0.000
0.019
0.000
0.011
0.000
0.013
0.000
0.013
0.000
0.007
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.0015
0.0000
0.0020
0.0000
0.0020
0.0000
2.200
1.400
0.870
0.540
0.350
0.220
0.140
0.087
0.054
0.035
0.022
0.015
0.010
0.006
0.004
0.0025
0.000
2.200
0.000
2.500
0.000
2.500
0.000
0.000
1.400
0.000
1.600
0.000
1.600
0.000
0.000
0.870
0.000
1.000
0.000
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.540
0.000
0.630
0.000
0.630
0.000
0.000
0.350
0.000
0.400
0.000
0.400
0.000
0.000
0.220
0.000
0.250
0.000
0.250
0.000
0.000
0.140
0.000
0.160
0.000
0.160
0.000
0.000
0.087
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.000
0.054
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.000
0.035
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.022
0.000
0.025
0.000
0.025
0.000
0.000
0.015
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.006
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.0000
0.0025
0.0000
0.0035
0.0000
0.0035
0.0000
2.500
0.000
2.900
0.000
2.900
0.000
1.600
0.000
1.850
0.000
1.850
0.000
1.000
0.000
1.150
0.000
1.150
0.000
0.630
0.000
0.720
0.000
0.720
0.000
0.400
0.000
0.460
0.000
0.460
0.000
0.250
0.000
0.290
0.000
0.290
0.000
0.160
0.000
0.185
0.000
0.185
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.115
0.000
0.115
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.072
0.000
0.072
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.046
0.000
0.046
0.000
0.025
0.000
0.029
0.000
0.029
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.020
0.000
0.020
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.014
0.000
0.014
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.007
0.000
0.007
0.000
0.0035
0.0000
0.0045
0.0000
0.0045
0.0000
2.900
1.850
1.150
0.720
0.460
0.290
0.185
0.115
0.072
0.046
0.029
0.020
0.014
0.010
0.007
0.0045
0.000
3.200
0.000
3.200
0.000
0.000
2.100
0.000
2.100
0.000
0.000
1.300
0.000
1.300
0.000
0.000
0.810
0.000
0.810
0.000
0.000
0.520
0.000
0.520
0.000
0.000
0.320
0.000
0.320
0.000
0.000
0.210
0.000
0.210
0.000
0.000
0.130
0.000
0.130
0.000
0.000
0.081
0.000
0.081
0.000
0.000
0.052
0.000
0.052
0.000
0.000
0.032
0.000
0.032
0.000
0.000
0.023
0.000
0.023
0.000
0.000
0.016
0.000
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.0000
0.006
0.000
0.006
0.000
3.600
2.300
1.400
0.890
0.570
0.360
0.230
0.140
0.089
0.057
0.036
0.025
0.018
0.013
0.009
0.007
0.000
3.600
0.000
4.000
0.000
4.000
0.000
0.000
2.300
0.000
2.500
0.000
2.500
0.000
0.000
1.400
0.000
1.550
0.000
1.550
0.000
0.000
0.890
0.000
0.970
0.000
0.970
0.000
0.000
0.570
0.000
0.630
0.000
0.630
0.000
0.000
0.360
0.000
0.400
0.000
0.400
0.000
0.000
0.230
0.000
0.250
0.000
0.250
0.000
0.000
0.140
0.000
0.155
0.000
0.155
0.000
0.000
0.089
0.000
0.097
0.000
0.097
0.000
0.000
0.057
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.000
0.036
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.040
0.000
0.000
0.025
0.000
0.027
0.000
0.027
0.000
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.020
0.000
0.020
0.000
0.000
0.013
0.000
0.015
0.000
0.015
0.000
0.000
0.009
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.010
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.000
0.008
0.000
0.008
0.000
TABLE 6-11 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (JS16...JS1) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
JS16
JS15
JS14
JS13
JS12
JS11
JS10
JS9
JS8
JS7
JS6
0.300
0.200
0.125
0.070
0.050
0.030
0.020
0.013
0.007
0.0050
0.0030
OVER
0
-0.300 -0.200
-0.125
-0.070 -0.050
-0.030
-0.020
-0.013
-0.007 -0.0050 -0.0030
TO
3
0.375
0.240
0.150
0.090
0.060
0.038
0.024
0.015
0.009
0.0060
0.0040
OVER
3
-0.375 -0.240
-0.150
-0.090 -0.060
-0.038
-0.024
-0.015
-0.009 -0.0060 -0.0040
TO
6
0.450
0.290
0.180
0.110
0.075
0.045
0.029
0.018
0.011
0.0075
0.0045
OVER
6
-0.450 -0.290
-0.180
-0.110 -0.075
-0.045
-0.029
-0.018
-0.011 -0.0075 -0.0045
TO
10
0.550
0.350
0.215
0.135
0.090
0.055
0.035
0.022
0.014
0.0090
0.0055
OVER
10
-0.550 -0.350
-0.215
-0.135 -0.090
-0.055
-0.035
-0.022
-0.014 -0.0090 -0.0055
TO
14
0.550
0.350
0.215
0.135
0.090
0.055
0.035
0.022
0.014
0.0090
0.0055
OVER
14
-0.550 -0.350
-0.215
-0.135 -0.090
-0.055
-0.035
-0.022
-0.014 -0.0090 -0.0055
TO
18
0.650
0.420
0.260
0.165
0.105
0.065
0.042
0.026
0.017
0.0105
0.0065
OVER
18
-0.650 -0.420
-0.260
-0.165 -0.105
-0.065
-0.042
-0.026
-0.017 -0.0105 -0.0065
TO
24
0.650
0.420
0.260
0.165
0.105
0.065
0.042
0.026
0.017
0.0105
0.0065
OVER
24
-0.650 -0.420
-0.260
-0.165 -0.105
-0.065
-0.042
-0.026
-0.017 -0.0105 -0.0065
TO
30
0.800
0.500
0.310
0.195
0.125
0.080
0.050
0.031
0.020
0.0125
0.0080
OVER
30
-0.800 -0.500
-0.310
-0.195 -0.125
-0.080
-0.050
-0.031
-0.020 -0.0125 -0.0080
TO
40
0.800
0.500
0.310
0.195
0.125
0.080
0.050
0.031
0.020
0.0125
0.0080
OVER
40
-0.800 -0.500
-0.310
-0.195 -0.125
-0.080
-0.050
-0.031
-0.020 -0.0125 -0.0080
TO
50
0.950
0.600
0.370
0.230
0.150
0.095
0.060
0.037
0.023
0.0150
0.0095
OVER
50
-0.950 -0.600
-0.370
-0.230 -0.150
-0.095
-0.060
-0.037
-0.023 -0.0150 -0.0095
TO
65
0.950
0.600
0.370
0.230
0.150
0.095
0.060
0.037
0.023
0.0150
0.0095
OVER
65
-0.950 -0.600
-0.370
-0.230 -0.150
-0.095
-0.060
-0.037
-0.023 -0.0150 -0.0095
TO
80
1.100
0.700
0.435
0.270
0.175
0.110
0.070
0.044
0.027
0.0175
0.0110
OVER
80
-1.100 -0.700
-0.435
-0.270 -0.175
-0.110
-0.070
-0.044
-0.027 -0.0175 -0.0110
TO
100
1.100
0.700
0.435
0.270
0.175
0.110
0.070
0.044
0.027
0.0175
0.0110
OVER
100
-1.100 -0.700
-0.435
-0.270 -0.175
-0.110
-0.070
-0.044
-0.027 -0.0175 -0.0110
TO
120
1.250
0.800
0.500
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.080
0.050
0.032
0.0200
0.0125
OVER
120
-1.250 -0.800
-0.500
-0.315 -0.200
-0.125
-0.080
-0.050
-0.032 -0.0200 -0.0125
TO
140
1.250
0.800
0.500
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.080
0.050
0.032
0.0200
0.0125
OVER
140
-1.250 -0.800
-0.500
-0.315 -0.200
-0.125
-0.080
-0.050
-0.032 -0.0200 -0.0125
TO
160
1.250
0.800
0.500
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.080
0.050
0.032
0.0200
0.0125
OVER
160
-1.250 -0.800
-0.500
-0.315 -0.200
-0.125
-0.080
-0.050
-0.032 -0.0200 -0.0125
TO
180
1.450
0.925
0.575
0.360
0.230
0.145
0.093
0.058
0.036
0.0230
0.0145
OVER
180
-1.450 -0.925
-0.575
-0.360 -0.230
-0.145
-0.093
-0.058
-0.036 -0.0230 -0.0145
TO
200
1.450
0.925
0.575
0.360
0.230
0.145
0.093
0.058
0.036
0.0230
0.0145
OVER
200
-1.450 -0.925
-0.575
-0.360 -0.230
-0.145
-0.093
-0.058
-0.036 -0.0230 -0.0145
TO
225
1.450
0.925
0.575
0.360
0.230
0.145
0.093
0.058
0.036
0.0230
0.0145
OVER
225
-1.450 -0.925
-0.575
-0.360 -0.230
-0.145
-0.093
-0.058
-0.036 -0.0230 -0.0145
TO
250
1.600
1.050
0.650
0.405
0.260
0.160
0.105
0.065
0.041
0.0260
0.0160
OVER
250
-1.600 -1.050
-0.650
-0.405 -0.260
-0.160
-0.105
-0.065
-0.041 -0.0260 -0.0160
TO
280
1.600
1.050
0.650
0.405
0.260
0.160
0.105
0.065
0.041
0.0260
0.0160
OVER
280
-1.600 -1.050
-0.650
-0.405 -0.260
-0.160
-0.105
-0.065
-0.041 -0.0260 -0.0160
TO
315
1.800
1.150
0.700
0.445
0.285
0.180
0.115
0.070
0.045
0.0285
0.0180
OVER
315
-1.800 -1.150
-0.700
-0.445 -0.285
-0.180
-0.115
-0.070
-0.045 -0.0285 -0.0180
TO
355
1.800
1.150
0.700
0.445
0.285
0.180
0.115
0.070
0.045
0.0285
0.0180
OVER
355
-1.800 -1.150
-0.700
-0.445 -0.285
-0.180
-0.115
-0.070
-0.045 -0.0285 -0.0180
TO
400
2.000
1.250
0.775
0.485
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.078
0.049
0.0315
0.0200
OVER
400
-2.000 -1.250
-0.775
-0.485 -0.315
-0.200
-0.125
-0.078
-0.049 -0.0315 -0.0200
TO
450
2.000
1.250
0.775
0.485
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.078
0.049
0.0315
0.0200
OVER
450
-2.000 -1.250
-0.775
-0.485 -0.315
-0.200
-0.125
-0.078
-0.049 -0.0315 -0.0200
TO
500
NOTE: Some js deviations in the grades 7 to 11 have been rounded off to 1/2(IT - 0.001) when IT values is odd.
JS5
JS4
JS3
JS2
JS1
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.00060
0.00040
-0.0020
0.0025
-0.0025
0.0030
-0.0030
0.0040
-0.0040
0.0040
-0.0040
0.0045
-0.0045
0.0045
-0.0045
0.0055
-0.0055
0.0055
-0.0055
0.0065
-0.0065
-0.0015
-0.0010
-0.00060
-0.00040
0.0065
-0.0065
0.0075
-0.0075
0.0075
-0.0075
0.0090
-0.0090
0.0090
-0.0090
0.0090
-0.0090
0.0100
-0.0100
0.0100
-0.0100
0.0100
-0.0100
0.0115
-0.0115
0.0115
-0.0115
0.0125
-0.0125
0.0125
-0.0125
0.0135
-0.0135
0.0135
-0.0135
0.0020
0.0013
0.00075
0.00050
-0.0020
-0.0013
-0.00075
-0.00050
0.0020
0.0013
0.00075
0.00050
-0.0020
-0.0013
-0.00075
-0.00050
0.0025
0.0015
0.00100
0.00060
-0.0025
-0.0015
-0.00100
-0.00060
0.0025
0.0015
0.00100
0.00060
-0.0025
-0.0015
-0.00100
-0.00060
0.0030
0.0020
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0030
-0.0020
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0030
0.0020
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0030
-0.0020
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0035
0.0020
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0035
-0.0020
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0035
0.0020
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0035
-0.0020
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0040
0.0025
0.00150
0.00100
-0.0040
-0.0025
-0.00150
-0.00100
0.0040
0.0025
0.00150
0.00100
-0.0040
-0.0025
-0.00150
-0.00100
0.0050
0.0030
0.00200
0.00125
-0.0050
-0.0030
-0.00200
-0.00125
0.0050
0.0030
0.00200
0.00125
-0.0050
-0.0030
-0.00200
-0.00125
0.0060
0.0040
0.00250
0.00175
-0.0060
-0.0040
-0.00250
-0.00175
0.0060
0.0040
0.00250
0.00175
-0.0060
-0.0040
-0.00250
-0.00175
0.0060
0.0040
0.00250
0.00175
-0.0060
-0.0040
-0.00250
-0.00175
0.0070
0.0050
0.00350
0.00225
-0.0070
-0.0050
-0.00350
-0.00225
0.0070
0.0050
0.00350
0.00225
-0.0070
-0.0050
-0.00350
-0.00225
0.0070
0.0050
0.00350
0.00225
-0.0070
-0.0050
-0.00350
-0.00225
0.0080
0.0060
0.0040
0.0030
-0.0080
-0.0060
-0.0040
-0.0030
0.0080
0.0060
0.0040
0.0030
-0.0080
-0.0060
-0.0040
-0.0030
0.0090
0.0065
0.0045
0.0035
-0.0090
-0.0065
-0.0045
-0.0035
0.0090
0.0065
0.0045
0.0035
-0.0090
-0.0065
-0.0045
-0.0035
0.0100
0.0075
0.0050
0.0040
-0.0100
-0.0075
-0.0050
-0.0040
0.0100
0.0075
0.0050
0.0040
-0.0100
-0.0075
-0.0050
-0.0040
TABLE 6-12 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (K10 ... K5, M10 ... M5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
K8
0.000
-0.014
K7
0.000
-0.010
K6
0.000
-0.006
+0.005
+0.003
-0.013
-0.009
+0.006
+0.005
SIZE
OVER
TO
0
3
OVER
TO
OVER
K10
0.000
-0.040
K9
0.000
-0.025
K5
0.000
-0.004
M10
-0.002
-0.042
M9
-0.002
-0.027
M8
-0.002
-0.016
M7
-0.002
-0.012
M6
-0.002
-0.008
M5
-0.002
-0.006
+0.002
0.000
-0.004
-0.004
-0.006
-0.005
-0.052
-0.034
+0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.003
-0.016
-0.012
-0.009
+0.002
+0.001
-0.006
-0.006
-0.008
+0.001
0.000
-0.003
-0.004
TO
10
-0.016
-0.010
-0.007
-0.005
-0.064
-0.042
-0.021
-0.015
-0.012
-0.010
OVER
10
+0.008
+0.006
+0.002
+0.002
-0.007
-0.007
+0.002
0.000
-0.004
-0.004
TO
14
-0.019
-0.012
-0.009
-0.006
-0.077
-0.050
-0.025
-0.018
-0.015
-0.012
OVER
14
+0.008
+0.006
+0.002
+0.002
-0.007
-0.007
+0.002
0.000
-0.004
-0.004
TO
18
-0.019
-0.012
-0.009
-0.006
-0.077
-0.050
-0.025
-0.018
-0.015
-0.012
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
+0.010
-0.023
+0.010
-0.023
+0.012
-0.027
+0.012
+0.006
-0.015
+0.006
-0.015
+0.007
-0.018
+0.007
+0.002
-0.011
+0.002
-0.011
+0.003
-0.013
+0.003
+0.001
-0.008
+0.001
-0.008
+0.002
-0.009
+0.002
-0.008
-0.092
-0.008
-0.092
-0.009
-0.109
-0.009
-0.008
-0.060
-0.008
-0.060
-0.009
-0.071
-0.009
+0.004
-0.029
+0.004
-0.029
+0.005
-0.034
+0.005
0.000
-0.021
0.000
-0.021
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.004
-0.017
-0.004
-0.017
-0.004
-0.020
-0.004
-0.005
-0.014
-0.005
-0.014
-0.005
-0.016
-0.005
TO
50
-0.027
-0.018
-0.013
-0.009
-0.109
-0.071
-0.034
-0.025
-0.020
-0.016
OVER
50
+0.014
+0.009
+0.004
+0.003
-0.011
-0.011
+0.005
0.000
-0.005
-0.006
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
-0.032
+0.014
-0.032
+0.016
-0.038
+0.016
-0.038
+0.020
-0.043
+0.020
-0.043
+0.020
-0.043
-0.021
+0.009
-0.021
+0.010
-0.025
+0.010
-0.025
+0.012
-0.028
+0.012
-0.028
+0.012
-0.028
-0.015
+0.004
-0.015
+0.004
-0.018
+0.004
-0.018
+0.004
-0.021
+0.004
-0.021
+0.004
-0.021
-0.010
+0.003
-0.010
+0.002
-0.013
+0.002
-0.013
+0.003
-0.015
+0.003
-0.015
+0.003
-0.015
-0.131
-0.011
-0.131
-0.013
-0.153
-0.013
-0.153
-0.015
-0.175
-0.015
-0.175
-0.015
-0.175
-0.085
-0.011
-0.085
-0.013
-0.100
-0.013
-0.100
-0.015
-0.115
-0.015
-0.115
-0.015
-0.115
-0.041
+0.005
-0.041
+0.006
-0.048
+0.006
-0.048
+0.008
-0.055
+0.008
-0.055
+0.008
-0.055
-0.030
0.000
-0.030
0.000
-0.035
0.000
-0.035
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.040
-0.024
-0.005
-0.024
-0.006
-0.028
-0.006
-0.028
-0.008
-0.033
-0.008
-0.033
-0.008
-0.033
-0.019
-0.006
-0.019
-0.008
-0.023
-0.008
-0.023
-0.009
-0.027
-0.009
-0.027
-0.009
-0.027
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
180
200
200
225
+0.022
-0.050
+0.022
-0.050
+0.013
-0.033
+0.013
-0.033
+0.005
-0.024
+0.005
-0.024
+0.002
-0.018
+0.002
-0.018
-0.017
-0.202
-0.017
-0.202
-0.017
-0.132
-0.017
-0.132
+0.009
-0.063
+0.009
-0.063
0.000
-0.046
0.000
-0.046
-0.008
-0.037
-0.008
-0.037
-0.011
-0.031
-0.011
-0.031
OVER
225
+0.022
+0.013
+0.005
+0.002
-0.017
-0.017
+0.009
0.000
-0.008
-0.011
TO
250
-0.050
-0.033
-0.024
-0.018
-0.202
-0.132
-0.063
-0.046
-0.037
-0.031
OVER
250
+0.025
+0.016
+0.005
+0.003
-0.020
-0.020
+0.009
0.000
-0.009
-0.013
TO
280
-0.056
-0.036
-0.027
-0.020
-0.230
-0.150
-0.072
-0.052
-0.041
-0.036
OVER
280
+0.025
+0.016
+0.005
+0.003
-0.020
-0.020
+0.009
0.000
-0.009
-0.013
TO
315
-0.056
-0.036
-0.027
-0.020
-0.230
-0.150
-0.072
-0.052
-0.041
-0.036
OVER
315
+0.028
+0.017
+0.007
+0.003
-0.021
-0.021
+0.011
0.000
-0.010
-0.014
NUMERICAL
VALUES FOR
TOLERANCE
ZONES IN THIS
AREA NOT
DEFINED
TO
355
-0.061
-0.040
-0.029
-0.022
-0.251
-0.161
-0.078
-0.057
-0.046
-0.039
OVER
355
+0.028
+0.017
+0.007
+0.003
-0.021
-0.021
+0.011
0.000
-0.010
-0.014
TO
400
-0.061
-0.040
-0.029
-0.022
-0.251
-0.161
-0.078
-0.057
-0.046
-0.039
OVER
400
+0.029
+0.018
+0.008
+0.002
-0.023
-0.023
+0.011
0.000
-0.010
-0.016
TO
450
-0.068
-0.045
-0.032
-0.025
-0.273
-0.178
-0.086
-0.063
-0.050
-0.043
OVER
450
+0.029
+0.018
+0.008
+0.002
-0.023
-0.023
+0.011
0.000
-0.010
-0.016
TO
500
-0.068
-0.045
-0.032
-0.025
-0.273
-0.178
-0.086
-0.063
-0.050
-0.043
TABLE 6-13 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (N10 ... N5, P10 ... P5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
N10
-0.004
-0.044
0.000
-0.048
0.000
-0.058
0.000
-0.070
0.000
-0.070
0.000
-0.084
0.000
-0.084
0.000
-0.100
N9
-0.004
-0.029
0.000
-0.030
0.000
-0.036
0.000
-0.043
0.000
-0.043
0.000
-0.052
0.000
-0.052
0.000
-0.062
N8
-0.004
-0.018
-0.002
-0.020
-0.003
-0.025
-0.003
-0.030
-0.003
-0.030
-0.003
-0.036
-0.003
-0.036
-0.003
-0.042
N7
-0.004
-0.014
-0.004
-0.016
-0.004
-0.019
-0.005
-0.023
-0.005
-0.023
-0.007
-0.028
-0.007
-0.028
-0.008
-0.033
N6
-0.004
-0.010
-0.005
-0.013
-0.007
-0.016
-0.009
-0.020
-0.009
-0.020
-0.011
-0.024
-0.011
-0.024
-0.012
-0.028
N5
-0.004
-0.008
-0.007
-0.012
-0.008
-0.014
-0.009
-0.017
-0.009
-0.017
-0.012
-0.021
-0.012
-0.021
-0.013
-0.024
P10
-0.006
-0.046
-0.012
-0.060
-0.015
-0.073
-0.018
-0.088
-0.018
-0.088
-0.022
-0.106
-0.022
-0.106
-0.026
-0.126
P9
-0.006
-0.031
-0.012
-0.042
-0.015
-0.051
-0.018
-0.061
-0.018
-0.061
-0.022
-0.074
-0.022
-0.074
-0.026
-0.088
P8
-0.006
-0.020
-0.012
-0.030
-0.015
-0.037
-0.018
-0.045
-0.018
-0.045
-0.022
-0.055
-0.022
-0.055
-0.026
-0.065
P7
-0.006
-0.016
-0.008
-0.020
-0.009
-0.024
-0.011
-0.029
-0.011
-0.029
-0.014
-0.035
-0.014
-0.035
-0.017
-0.042
P6
-0.006
-0.012
-0.009
-0.017
-0.012
-0.021
-0.015
-0.026
-0.015
-0.026
-0.018
-0.031
-0.018
-0.031
-0.021
-0.037
P5
-0.006
-0.010
-0.011
-0.016
-0.013
-0.019
-0.015
-0.023
-0.015
-0.023
-0.019
-0.028
-0.019
-0.028
-0.022
-0.033
OVER
10
0.000
0.000
-0.003
-0.008
-0.012
-0.013
-0.026
-0.026
-0.026
-0.017
-0.021
-0.022
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
-0.100
0.000
-0.120
0.000
-0.120
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.062
0.000
-0.074
0.000
-0.074
0.000
-0.087
0.000
-0.087
0.000
-0.042
-0.004
-0.050
-0.004
-0.050
-0.004
-0.058
-0.004
-0.058
-0.004
-0.033
-0.009
-0.039
-0.009
-0.039
-0.010
-0.045
-0.010
-0.045
-0.012
-0.028
-0.014
-0.033
-0.014
-0.033
-0.016
-0.038
-0.016
-0.038
-0.020
-0.024
-0.015
-0.028
-0.015
-0.028
-0.018
-0.033
-0.018
-0.033
-0.021
-0.126
-0.032
-0.152
-0.032
-0.152
-0.037
-0.177
-0.037
-0.177
-0.043
-0.088
-0.032
-0.106
-0.032
-0.106
-0.037
-0.124
-0.037
-0.124
-0.043
-0.065
-0.032
-0.078
-0.032
-0.078
-0.037
-0.091
-0.037
-0.091
-0.043
-0.042
-0.021
-0.051
-0.021
-0.051
-0.024
-0.059
-0.024
-0.059
-0.028
-0.037
-0.026
-0.045
-0.026
-0.045
-0.030
-0.052
-0.030
-0.052
-0.036
-0.033
-0.027
-0.040
-0.027
-0.040
-0.032
-0.047
-0.032
-0.047
-0.037
TO
140
-0.160
-0.100
-0.067
-0.052
-0.045
-0.039
-0.203
-0.143
-0.106
-0.068
-0.061
-0.055
OVER
140
0.000
0.000
-0.004
-0.012
-0.020
-0.021
-0.043
-0.043
-0.043
-0.028
-0.036
-0.037
TO
160
-0.160
-0.100
-0.067
-0.052
-0.045
-0.039
-0.203
-0.143
-0.106
-0.068
-0.061
-0.055
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
0.000
-0.160
0.000
-0.185
0.000
-0.185
0.000
-0.185
0.000
-0.210
0.000
-0.210
0.000
-0.230
0.000
-0.230
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.115
0.000
-0.115
0.000
-0.115
0.000
-0.130
0.000
-0.130
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.155
0.000
-0.155
-0.004
-0.067
-0.005
-0.077
-0.005
-0.077
-0.005
-0.077
-0.005
-0.086
-0.005
-0.086
-0.005
-0.094
-0.005
-0.094
-0.006
-0.103
-0.006
-0.103
-0.012
-0.052
-0.014
-0.060
-0.014
-0.060
-0.014
-0.060
-0.014
-0.066
-0.014
-0.066
-0.016
-0.073
-0.016
-0.073
-0.017
-0.080
-0.017
-0.080
-0.020
-0.045
-0.022
-0.051
-0.022
-0.051
-0.022
-0.051
-0.025
-0.057
-0.025
-0.057
-0.026
-0.062
-0.026
-0.062
-0.027
-0.067
-0.027
-0.067
-0.021
-0.039
-0.025
-0.045
-0.025
-0.045
-0.025
-0.045
-0.027
-0.050
-0.027
-0.050
-0.030
-0.055
-0.030
-0.055
-0.033
-0.060
-0.033
-0.060
-0.043
-0.203
-0.050
-0.235
-0.050
-0.235
-0.050
-0.235
-0.056
-0.266
-0.056
-0.266
-0.062
-0.292
-0.062
-0.292
-0.068
-0.318
-0.068
-0.318
-0.043
-0.143
-0.050
-0.165
-0.050
-0.165
-0.050
-0.165
-0.056
-0.186
-0.056
-0.186
-0.062
-0.202
-0.062
-0.202
-0.068
-0.223
-0.068
-0.223
-0.043
-0.106
-0.050
-0.122
-0.050
-0.122
-0.050
-0.122
-0.056
-0.137
-0.056
-0.137
-0.062
-0.151
-0.062
-0.151
-0.068
-0.165
-0.068
-0.165
-0.028
-0.068
-0.033
-0.079
-0.033
-0.079
-0.033
-0.079
-0.036
-0.088
-0.036
-0.088
-0.041
-0.098
-0.041
-0.098
-0.045
-0.108
-0.045
-0.108
-0.036
-0.061
-0.041
-0.070
-0.041
-0.070
-0.041
-0.070
-0.047
-0.079
-0.047
-0.079
-0.051
-0.087
-0.051
-0.087
-0.055
-0.095
-0.055
-0.095
-0.037
-0.055
-0.044
-0.064
-0.044
-0.064
-0.044
-0.064
-0.049
-0.072
-0.049
-0.072
-0.055
-0.080
-0.055
-0.080
-0.061
-0.088
-0.061
-0.088
TABLE 6-14 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (R10 ... R5, S10 ... S5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER
100
TO
120
OVER
120
TO
140
OVER
140
TO
160
OVER
160
TO
180
OVER
180
TO
200
OVER
200
TO
225
OVER
225
TO
250
OVER
250
TO
280
OVER
280
TO
315
OVER
315
TO
355
OVER
355
TO
400
OVER
400
TO
450
OVER
450
TO
500
R10
-0.010
-0.050
-0.015
-0.063
-0.019
-0.077
-0.023
-0.093
-0.023
-0.093
-0.028
-0.112
-0.028
-0.112
-0.034
-0.134
-0.034
-0.134
-0.041
-0.161
-0.043
-0.163
-0.051
-0.191
-0.054
-0.194
-0.063
-0.223
-0.065
-0.225
-0.068
-0.228
-0.077
-0.262
-0.080
-0.265
-0.084
-0.269
-0.094
-0.304
-0.098
-0.308
-0.108
-0.338
-0.114
-0.344
-0.126
-0.376
-0.132
-0.382
R9
-0.010
-0.035
-0.015
-0.045
-0.019
-0.055
-0.023
-0.066
-0.023
-0.066
-0.028
-0.080
-0.028
-0.080
-0.034
-0.096
-0.034
-0.096
-0.041
-0.115
-0.043
-0.117
-0.051
-0.138
-0.054
-0.141
-0.063
-0.163
-0.065
-0.165
-0.068
-0.168
-0.077
-0.192
-0.080
-0.195
-0.084
-0.199
-0.094
-0.224
-0.098
-0.228
-0.108
-0.248
-0.114
-0.254
-0.126
-0.281
-0.132
-0.287
R8
-0.010
-0.024
-0.015
-0.033
-0.019
-0.041
-0.023
-0.050
-0.023
-0.050
-0.028
-0.061
-0.028
-0.061
-0.034
-0.073
-0.034
-0.073
-0.041
-0.087
-0.043
-0.089
-0.051
-0.105
-0.054
-0.108
-0.063
-0.126
-0.065
-0.128
-0.068
-0.131
-0.077
-0.149
-0.080
-0.152
-0.084
-0.156
-0.094
-0.175
-0.098
-0.179
-0.108
-0.197
-0.114
-0.203
-0.126
-0.223
-0.132
-0.229
R7
-0.010
-0.020
-0.011
-0.023
-0.013
-0.028
-0.016
-0.034
-0.016
-0.034
-0.020
-0.041
-0.020
-0.041
-0.025
-0.050
-0.025
-0.050
-0.030
-0.060
-0.032
-0.062
-0.038
-0.073
-0.041
-0.076
-0.048
-0.088
-0.050
-0.090
-0.053
-0.093
-0.060
-0.106
-0.063
-0.109
-0.067
-0.113
-0.074
-0.126
-0.078
-0.130
-0.087
-0.144
-0.093
-0.150
-0.103
-0.166
-0.109
-0.172
R6
-0.010
-0.016
-0.012
-0.020
-0.016
-0.025
-0.020
-0.031
-0.020
-0.031
-0.024
-0.037
-0.024
-0.037
-0.029
-0.045
-0.029
-0.045
-0.035
-0.054
-0.037
-0.056
-0.044
-0.066
-0.047
-0.069
-0.056
-0.081
-0.058
-0.083
-0.061
-0.086
-0.068
-0.097
-0.071
-0.100
-0.075
-0.104
-0.085
-0.117
-0.089
-0.121
-0.097
-0.133
-0.103
-0.139
-0.113
-0.153
-0.119
-0.159
R5
-0.010
-0.014
-0.014
-0.019
-0.017
-0.023
-0.020
-0.028
-0.020
-0.028
-0.025
-0.034
-0.025
-0.034
-0.030
-0.041
-0.030
-0.041
-0.036
-0.049
-0.038
-0.051
-0.046
-0.061
-0.049
-0.064
-0.057
-0.075
-0.059
-0.077
-0.062
-0.080
-0.071
-0.091
-0.074
-0.094
-0.078
-0.098
-0.087
-0.110
-0.091
-0.114
-0.101
-0.126
-0.107
-0.132
-0.119
-0.146
-0.125
-0.152
S10
-0.014
-0.054
-0.019
-0.067
-0.023
-0.081
-0.028
-0.098
-0.028
-0.098
-0.035
-0.119
-0.035
-0.119
-0.043
-0.143
-0.043
-0.143
-0.053
-0.173
-0.059
-0.179
-0.071
-0.211
-0.079
-0.219
-0.092
-0.252
-0.100
-0.260
-0.108
-0.268
-0.122
-0.307
-0.130
-0.315
-0.140
-0.325
-0.158
-0.368
-0.170
-0.380
-0.190
-0.420
-0.208
-0.438
-0.232
-0.482
-0.252
-0.502
S9
-0.014
-0.039
-0.019
-0.049
-0.023
-0.059
-0.028
-0.071
-0.028
-0.071
-0.035
-0.087
-0.035
-0.087
-0.043
-0.105
-0.043
-0.105
-0.053
-0.127
-0.059
-0.133
-0.071
-0.158
-0.079
-0.166
-0.092
-0.192
-0.100
-0.200
-0.108
-0.208
-0.122
-0.237
-0.130
-0.245
-0.140
-0.255
-0.158
-0.288
-0.170
-0.300
-0.190
-0.330
-0.208
-0.348
-0.232
-0.387
-0.252
-0.407
S8
-0.014
-0.028
-0.019
-0.037
-0.023
-0.045
-0.028
-0.055
-0.028
-0.055
-0.035
-0.068
-0.035
-0.068
-0.043
-0.082
-0.043
-0.082
-0.053
-0.099
-0.059
-0.105
-0.071
-0.125
-0.079
-0.133
-0.092
-0.155
-0.100
-0.163
-0.108
-0.171
-0.122
-0.194
-0.130
-0.202
-0.140
-0.212
-0.158
-0.239
-0.170
-0.251
-0.190
-0.279
-0.208
-0.297
-0.232
-0.329
-0.252
-0.349
S7
-0.014
-0.024
-0.015
-0.027
-0.017
-0.032
-0.021
-0.039
-0.021
-0.039
-0.027
-0.048
-0.027
-0.048
-0.034
-0.059
-0.034
-0.059
-0.042
-0.072
-0.048
-0.078
-0.058
-0.093
-0.066
-0.101
-0.077
-0.117
-0.085
-0.125
-0.093
-0.133
-0.105
-0.151
-0.113
-0.159
-0.123
-0.169
-0.138
-0.190
-0.150
-0.202
-0.169
-0.226
-0.187
-0.244
-0.209
-0.272
-0.229
-0.292
S6
-0.014
-0.020
-0.016
-0.024
-0.020
-0.029
-0.025
-0.036
-0.025
-0.036
-0.031
-0.044
-0.031
-0.044
-0.038
-0.054
-0.038
-0.054
-0.047
-0.066
-0.053
-0.072
-0.064
-0.086
-0.072
-0.094
-0.085
-0.110
-0.093
-0.118
-0.101
-0.126
-0.113
-0.142
-0.121
-0.150
-0.131
-0.160
-0.149
-0.181
-0.161
-0.193
-0.179
-0.215
-0.197
-0.233
-0.219
-0.259
-0.239
-0.279
S5
-0.014
-0.018
-0.018
-0.023
-0.021
-0.027
-0.025
-0.033
-0.025
-0.033
-0.032
-0.041
-0.032
-0.041
-0.039
-0.050
-0.039
-0.050
-0.048
-0.061
-0.054
-0.067
-0.066
-0.081
-0.074
-0.089
-0.086
-0.104
-0.094
-0.112
-0.102
-0.120
-0.116
-0.136
-0.124
-0.144
-0.134
-0.154
-0.151
-0.174
-0.163
-0.186
-0.183
-0.208
-0.201
-0.226
-0.225
-0.252
-0.245
-0.272
TABLE 6-15 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (T10 ... T5, U10... U5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
U10
U9
U8
U7
U6
U5
T10
T9
T8
T7
T6
T5
-0.018
-0.018
-0.018
-0.018
-0.018
-0.018
TO
-0.058
-0.043
-0.032
-0.028
-0.024
-0.022
OVER
-0.023
-0.023
-0.023
-0.019
-0.020
-0.022
TO
-0.071
-0.053
-0.041
-0.031
-0.028
-0.027
OVER
NUMERICAL VALUES FOR
-0.028
-0.028
-0.028
-0.022
-0.025
-0.026
TO
10
TOLERANCE ZONES IN
-0.086
-0.064
-0.050
-0.037
-0.034
-0.032
OVER
10
THIS AREA NOT DEFINED
-0.033
-0.033
-0.033
-0.026
-0.030
-0.030
TO
14
-0.103
-0.076
-0.060
-0.044
-0.041
-0.038
OVER
14
-0.033
-0.033
-0.033
-0.026
-0.030
-0.030
TO
18
-0.103
-0.076
-0.060
-0.044
-0.041
-0.038
OVER
18
-0.041
-0.041
-0.041
-0.033
-0.037
-0.038
TO
24
-0.125
-0.093
-0.074
-0.054
0.050
-0.047
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
-0.048
-0.132
-0.060
-0.160
-0.070
-0.170
-0.087
-0.207
-0.102
-0.222
-0.124
-0.264
-0.144
-0.284
-0.170
-0.330
-0.190
-0.350
-0.210
-0.370
-0.236
-0.421
-0.258
-0.443
-0.284
-0.469
-0.315
-0.525
-0.350
-0.560
-0.390
-0.620
-0.435
-0.665
-0.490
-0.740
-0.540
-0.790
-0.048
-0.100
-0.060
-0.122
-0.070
-0.132
-0.087
-0.161
-0.102
-0.176
-0.124
-0.211
-0.144
-0.231
-0.170
-0.270
-0.190
-0.290
-0.210
-0.310
-0.236
-0.351
-0.258
-0.373
-0.284
-0.399
-0.315
-0.445
-0.350
-0.480
-0.390
-0.530
-0.435
-0.575
-0.490
-0.645
-0.540
-0.695
-0.048
-0.081
-0.060
-0.099
-0.070
-0.109
-0.087
-0.133
-0.102
-0.148
-0.124
-0.178
-0.144
-0.198
-0.170
-0.233
-0.190
-0.253
-0.210
-0.273
-0.236
-0.308
-0.258
-0.330
-0.284
-0.356
-0.315
-0.396
-0.350
-0.431
-0.390
-0.479
-0.435
-0.524
-0.490
-0.587
-0.540
-0.637
-0.040
-0.061
-0.051
-0.076
-0.061
-0.086
-0.076
-0.106
-0.091
-0.121
-0.111
-0.146
-0.131
-0.166
-0.155
-0.195
-0.175
-0.215
-0.195
-0.235
-0.219
-0.265
-0.241
-0.287
-0.267
-0.313
-0.295
-0.347
-0.330
-0.382
-0.369
-0.426
-0.414
-0.471
-0.467
-0.530
-0.517
-0.580
-0.044
-0.057
-0.055
-0.071
-0.065
-0.081
-0.081
-0.100
-0.096
-0.115
-0.117
-0.139
-0.137
-0.159
-0.163
-0.188
-0.183
-0.208
-0.203
-0.228
-0.227
-0.256
-0.249
-0.278
-0.275
-0.304
-0.306
-0.338
-0.341
-0.373
-0.379
-0.415
-0.424
-0.460
-0.477
-0.517
-0.527
-0.567
-0.045
-0.054
-0.056
-0.067
-0.066
-0.077
-0.082
-0.095
-0.097
-0.110
-0.119
-0.134
-0.139
-0.154
-0.164
-0.182
-0.184
-0.202
-0.204
-0.222
-0.230
-0.250
-0.252
-0.272
-0.278
-0.298
-0.308
-0.331
-0.343
-0.366
-0.383
-0.408
-0.428
-0.453
-0.483
-0.510
-0.533
-0.560
-0.041
-0.125
-0.048
-0.148
-0.054
-0.154
-0.066
-0.186
-0.075
-0.195
-0.091
-0.231
-0.104
-0.244
-0.122
-0.282
-0.134
-0.294
-0.146
-0.306
-0.166
-0.351
-0.180
-0.365
-0.196
-0.381
-0.218
-0.428
-0.240
-0.450
-0.268
-0.498
-0.294
-0.524
-0.330
-0.580
-0.360
-0.610
-0.041
-0.093
-0.048
-0.110
-0.054
-0.116
-0.066
-0.140
-0.075
-0.149
-0.091
-0.178
-0.104
-0.191
-0.122
-0.222
-0.134
-0.234
-0.146
-0.246
-0.166
-0.281
-0.180
-0.295
-0.196
-0.311
-0.218
-0.348
-0.240
-0.370
-0.268
-0.408
-0.294
-0.434
-0.330
-0.485
-0.360
-0.515
-0.041
-0.074
-0.048
-0.087
-0.054
-0.093
-0.066
-0.112
-0.075
-0.121
-0.091
-0.145
-0.104
-0.158
-0.122
-0.185
-0.134
-0.197
-0.146
-0.209
-0.166
-0.238
-0.180
-0.252
-0.196
-0.268
-0.218
-0.299
-0.240
-0.321
-0.268
-0.357
-0.294
-0.383
-0.330
-0.427
-0.360
-0.457
-0.033
-0.054
-0.039
-0.064
-0.045
-0.070
-0.055
-0.085
-0.064
-0.094
-0.078
-0.113
-0.091
-0.126
-0.107
-0.147
-0.119
-0.159
-0.131
-0.171
-0.149
-0.195
-0.163
-0.209
-0.179
-0.225
-0.198
-0.250
-0.220
-0.272
-0.247
-0.304
-0.273
-0.330
-0.307
-0.370
-0.337
-0.400
-0.037
-0.050
-0.043
-0.059
-0.049
-0.065
-0.060
-0.079
-0.069
-0.088
-0.084
-0.106
-0.097
-0.119
-0.115
-0.140
-0.127
-0.152
-0.139
-0.164
-0.157
-0.186
-0.171
-0.200
-0.187
-0.216
-0.209
-0.241
-0.231
-0.263
-0.257
-0.293
-0.283
-0.319
-0.317
-0.357
-0.347
-0.387
-0.038
-0.047
-0.044
-0.055
-0.050
-0.061
-0.061
-0.074
-0.070
-0.088
-0.086
-0.101
-0.099
-0.114
-0.116
-0.134
-0.128
-0.146
-0.140
-0.158
-0.160
-0.180
-0.174
-0.194
-0.190
-0.210
-0.211
-0.234
-0.233
-0.256
-0.261
-0.286
-0.287
-0.312
-0.323
-0.350
-0.353
-0.380
TABLE 6-16 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (V10 ... V5, X10 ... X5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
X10
X9
X8
X7
X6
X5
V10
V9
V8
V7
V6
V5
-0.020
-0.020
-0.020
-0.020
-0.020
-0.020
TO
-0.060
-0.045
-0.034
-0.030
-0.026
-0.024
OVER
-0.028
-0.028
-0.028
-0.024
-0.025
-0.027
TO
-0.076
-0.058
-0.046
-0.036
-0.033
-0.032
OVER
-0.034
-0.034
-0.034
-0.028
-0.031
-0.032
TO
10
-0.092
-0.070
-0.056
-0.043
-0.040
-0.038
OVER
10
-0.040
-0.040
-0.040
-0.033
-0.037
-0.037
TO
14
-0.110
-0.083
-0.067
-0.051
-0.048
-0.045
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
-0.039
-0.109
-0.047
-0.131
-0.055
-0.139
-0.068
-0.168
-0.081
-0.181
-0.102
-0.222
-0.120
-0.240
-0.146
-0.286
-0.172
-0.312
-0.202
-0.362
-0.228
-0.039
-0.082
-0.047
-0.099
-0.055
-0.107
-0.068
-0.130
-0.081
-0.143
-0.102
-0.176
-0.120
-0.194
-0.146
-0.233
-0.172
-0.259
-0.202
-0.302
-0.228
-0.039
-0.066
-0.047
-0.080
-0.055
-0.088
-0.068
-0.107
-0.081
-0.120
-0.102
-0.148
-0.120
-0.166
-0.146
-0.200
-0.172
-0.226
-0.202
-0.265
-0.228
-0.032
-0.050
-0.039
-0.060
-0.047
-0.068
-0.059
-0.084
-0.072
-0.097
-0.091
-0.121
-0.109
-0.139
-0.133
-0.168
-0.159
-0.194
-0.187
-0.227
-0.213
-0.036
-0.047
-0.043
-0.056
-0.051
-0.064
-0.063
-0.079
-0.076
-0.092
-0.096
-0.115
-0.114
-0.133
-0.139
-0.161
-0.165
-0.187
-0.195
-0.220
-0.221
-0.036
-0.044
-0.044
-0.053
-0.052
-0.061
-0.064
-0.075
-0.077
-0.088
-0.097
-0.110
-0.115
-0.128
-0.141
-0.156
-0.167
-0.182
-0.196
-0.214
-0.222
-0.045
-0.115
-0.054
-0.138
-0.064
-0.148
-0.080
-0.180
-0.097
-0.197
-0.122
-0.242
-0.146
-0.266
-0.178
-0.318
-0.210
-0.350
-0.248
-0.408
-0.280
-0.045
-0.088
-0.054
-0.106
-0.064
-0.116
-0.080
-0.142
-0.097
-0.159
-0.122
-0.196
-0.146
-0.220
-0.178
-0.265
-0.210
-0.297
-0.248
-0.348
-0.280
-0.045
-0.072
-0.054
-0.087
-0.064
-0.097
-0.080
-0.119
-0.097
-0.136
-0.122
-0.168
-0.146
-0.192
-0.178
-0.232
-0.210
-0.264
-0.248
-0.311
-0.280
-0.038
-0.056
-0.046
-0.067
-0.056
-0.077
-0.071
-0.096
-0.088
-0.113
-0.111
-0.141
-0.135
-0.165
-0.165
-0.200
-0.197
-0.232
-0.233
-0.273
-0.265
-0.042
-0.053
-0.050
-0.063
-0.060
-0.073
-0.075
-0.091
-0.092
-0.108
-0.116
-0.135
-0.140
-0.159
-0.171
-0.193
-0.203
-0.225
-0.241
-0.266
-0.273
-0.042
-0.050
-0.051
-0.060
-0.061
-0.070
-0.076
-0.087
-0.093
-0.104
-0.117
-0.130
-0.141
-0.154
-0.173
-0.188
-0.205
-0.220
-0.242
-0.260
-0.274
TO
160
-0.388
-0.328
-0.291
-0.253
-0.246
-0.240
-0.440
-0.380
-0.343
-0.305
-0.298
-0.292
OVER
160
-0.252
-0.252
-0.252
-0.237
-0.245
-0.246
-0.310
-0.310
-0.310
-0.295
-0.303
-0.304
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
-0.412
-0.284
-0.469
-0.310
-0.495
-0.340
-0.525
-0.385
-0.595
-0.425
-0.635
-0.475
-0.705
-0.530
-0.760
-0.595
-0.845
-0.660
-0.910
-0.352
-0.284
-0.399
-0.310
-0.425
-0.340
-0.455
-0.385
-0.515
-0.425
-0.555
-0.475
-0.615
-0.530
-0.670
-0.595
-0.750
-0.660
-0.815
-0.315
-0.284
-0.356
-0.310
-0.382
-0.340
-0.412
-0.385
-0.466
-0.425
-0.506
-0.475
-0.564
-0.530
-0.619
-0.595
-0.692
-0.660
-0.757
-0.277
-0.267
-0.313
-0.293
-0.339
-0.323
-0.369
-0.365
-0.417
-0.405
-0.457
-0.454
-0.511
-0.509
-0.566
-0.572
-0.635
-0.637
-0.700
-0.270
-0.275
-0.304
-0.301
-0.330
-0.331
-0.360
-0.376
-0.408
-0.416
-0.448
-0.464
-0.500
-0.519
-0.555
-0.582
-0.622
-0.647
-0.687
-0.264
-0.278
-0.298
-0.304
-0.324
-0.334
-0.354
-0.378
-0.401
-0.418
-0.441
-0.468
-0.493
-0.523
-0.548
-0.588
-0.615
-0.653
-0.680
-0.470
-0.350
-0.535
-0.385
-0.570
-0.425
-0.610
-0.475
-0.685
-0.525
-0.735
-0.590
-0.820
-0.660
-0.890
-0.740
-0.990
-0.820
-1.070
-0.410
-0.350
-0.465
-0.385
-0.500
-0.425
-0.540
-0.475
-0.605
-0.525
-0.655
-0.590
-0.730
-0.660
-0.800
-0.740
-0.895
-0.820
-0.975
-0.373
-0.350
-0.422
-0.385
-0.457
-0.425
-0.497
-0.475
-0.556
-0.525
-0.606
-0.590
-0.679
-0.660
-0.749
-0.740
-0.837
-0.820
-0.917
-0.335
-0.333
-0.379
-0.368
-0.414
-0.408
-0.454
-0.455
-0.507
-0.505
-0.557
-0.569
-0.626
-0.639
-0.696
-0.717
-0.780
-0.797
-0.860
-0.328
-0.341
-0.370
-0.376
-0.405
-0.416
-0.445
-0.466
-0.498
-0.516
-0.548
-0.579
-0.615
-0.649
-0.685
-0.727
-0.767
-0.807
-0.847
-0.322
-0.344
-0.364
-0.379
-0.399
-0.419
-0.439
-0.468
-0.491
-0.518
-0.541
-0.583
-0.608
-0.653
-0.678
-0.733
-0.760
-0.813
-0.840

TOLERANCE ZONES IN
THIS AREA NOT DEFINED.
TABLE 6-17 TOLERANCE ZONES - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS (HOLES) (Y10 ... Y5, Z10 ... Z5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
Y10
Y9
Y8
Y7
Y6
Y5
Z10
Z9
Z8
Z7
Z6
Z5
-0.026
-0.026
-0.026
-0.026
-0.026
-0.026
-0.066
-0.051
-0.040
-0.036
-0.032
-0.030
-0.035
-0.083
-0.042
-0.100
-0.050
-0.120
-0.035
-0.065
-0.042
-0.078
-0.050
-0.093
-0.035
-0.053
-0.042
-0.064
-0.050
-0.077
-0.031
-0.043
-0.036
-0.051
-0.043
-0.061
-0.032
-0.040
-0.039
-0.048
-0.047
-0.058
-0.034
-0.039
-0.040
-0.046
-0.047
-0.055
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
3
6
6
10
10
14
OVER
14
-0.060
-0.060
-0.060
-0.053
-0.057
-0.057
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
-0.130
-0.073
-0.157
-0.088
-0.172
-0.112
-0.212
-0.136
-0.236
-0.172
-0.292
-0.210
-0.330
-0.258
-0.398
-0.310
-0.450
-0.365
-0.525
-0.415
-0.575
-0.465
-0.625
-0.520
-0.705
-0.575
-0.760
-0.640
-0.825
-0.710
-0.920
-0.790
-1.000
-0.900
-1.130
-1.000
-1.230
-1.100
-1.350
-1.250
-1.500
-0.103
-0.073
-0.125
-0.088
-0.140
-0.112
-0.174
-0.136
-0.198
-0.172
-0.246
-0.210
-0.284
-0.258
-0.345
-0.310
-0.397
-0.365
-0.465
-0.415
-0.515
-0.465
-0.565
-0.520
-0.635
-0.575
-0.690
-0.640
-0.755
-0.710
-0.840
-0.790
-0.920
-0.900
-1.040
-1.000
-1.140
-1.100
-1.255
-1.250
-1.405
-0.087
-0.073
-0.106
-0.088
-0.121
-0.112
-0.151
-0.136
-0.175
-0.172
-0.218
-0.210
-0.256
-0.258
-0.312
-0.310
-0.364
-0.365
-0.428
-0.415
-0.478
-0.465
-0.528
-0.520
-0.592
-0.575
-0.647
-0.640
-0.712
-0.710
-0.791
-0.790
-0.871
-0.900
-0.989
-1.000
-1.089
-1.100
-1.197
-1.250
-1.347
-0.071
-0.065
-0.086
-0.080
-0.101
-0.103
-0.128
-0.127
-0.152
-0.161
-0.191
-0.199
-0.229
-0.245
-0.280
-0.297
-0.332
-0.350
-0.390
-0.400
-0.440
-0.450
-0.490
-0.503
-0.549
-0.558
-0.604
-0.623
-0.669
-0.690
-0.742
-0.770
-0.822
-0.879
-0.936
-0.979
-1.036
-1.077
-1.140
-1.227
-1.290
-0.068
-0.069
-0.082
-0.084
-0.097
-0.107
-0.123
-0.131
-0.147
-0.166
-0.185
-0.204
-0.223
-0.251
-0.273
-0.303
-0.325
-0.358
-0.383
-0.408
-0.433
-0.458
-0.483
-0.511
-0.540
-0.566
-0.595
-0.631
-0.660
-0.701
-0.733
-0.781
-0.813
-0.889
-0.925
-0.989
-1.025
-1.087
-1.127
-1.237
-1.277
-0.065
-0.070
-0.079
-0.085
-0.094
-0.108
-0.119
-0.132
-0.143
-0.167
-0.180
-0.205
-0.218
-0.253
-0.268
-0.305
-0.320
-0.359
-0.377
-0.409
-0.427
-0.459
-0.477
-0.514
-0.534
-0.569
-0.589
-0.634
-0.654
-0.703
-0.726
-0.783
-0.806
-0.893
-0.918
-0.993
-1.018
-1.093
-1.120
-1.243
-1.270

TOLERANCE ZONES IN
-0.063
-0.147
-0.075
-0.159
-0.094
-0.194
-0.114
-0.214
-0.144
-0.264
-0.174
-0.294
-0.214
-0.354
-0.254
-0.394
-0.300
-0.460
-0.340
-0.500
-0.380
-0.540
-0.425
-0.610
-0.470
-0.655
-0.520
-0.705
-0.580
-0.790
-0.650
-0.860
-0.730
-0.960
-0.820
-1.050
-0.920
-1.170
-1.000
-1.250
-0.063
-0.115
-0.075
-0.127
-0.094
-0.156
-0.114
-0.176
-0.144
-0.218
-0.174
-0.248
-0.214
-0.301
-0.254
-0.341
-0.300
-0.400
-0.340
-0.440
-0.380
-0.480
-0.425
-0.540
-0.470
-0.585
-0.520
-0.635
-0.580
-0.710
-0.650
-0.780
-0.730
-0.870
-0.820
-0.960
-0.920
-1.075
-1.000
-1.155
-0.063
-0.096
-0.075
-0.108
-0.094
-0.133
-0.114
-0.153
-0.144
-0.190
-0.174
-0.220
-0.214
-0.268
-0.254
-0.308
-0.300
-0.363
-0.340
-0.403
-0.380
-0.443
-0.425
-0.497
-0.470
-0.542
-0.520
-0.592
-0.580
-0.661
-0.650
-0.731
-0.730
-0.819
-0.820
-0.909
-0.920
-1.017
-1.000
-1.097
-0.055
-0.076
-0.067
-0.088
-0.085
-0.110
-0.105
-0.130
-0.133
-0.163
-0.163
-0.193
-0.201
-0.236
-0.241
-0.276
-0.285
-0.325
-0.325
-0.365
-0.365
-0.405
-0.408
-0.454
-0.453
-0.499
-0.503
-0.549
-0.560
-0.612
-0.630
-0.682
-0.709
-0.766
-0.799
-0.856
-0.897
-0.960
-0.977
-1.040
-0.059
-0.072
-0.071
-0.084
-0.089
-0.105
-0.109
-0.125
-0.138
-0.157
-0.168
-0.187
-0.207
-0.229
-0.247
-0.269
-0.293
-0.318
-0.333
-0.358
-0.373
-0.398
-0.416
-0.445
-0.461
-0.490
-0.511
-0.540
-0.571
-0.603
-0.641
-0.673
-0.719
-0.755
-0.809
-0.845
-0.907
-0.947
-0.987
-1.027
-0.060
-0.069
-0.072
-0.081
-0.090
-0.101
-0.110
-0.121
-0.139
-0.152
-0.169
-0.182
-0.209
-0.224
-0.249
-0.264
-0.294
-0.312
-0.334
-0.352
-0.374
-0.392
-0.419
-0.439
-0.464
-0.484
-0.514
-0.534
-0.573
-0.596
-0.643
-0.666
-0.723
-0.748
-0.813
-0.838
-0.913
-0.940
-0.993
-1.020
TABLE 6-18 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (a14 ... a9, b14 ... b9) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER
100
TO
120
OVER
120
TO
140
OVER
140
TO
160
OVER
160
TO
180
OVER
180
TO
200
OVER
200
a14
-0.270
-0.520
-0.270
-0.570
-0.280
-0.640
-0.290
-0.720
-0.290
-0.720
-0.300
-0.820
-0.300
-0.820
-0.310
-0.930
-0.320
-0.940
-0.340
-1.080
-0.360
-1.100
-0.380
-1.250
-0.410
-1.280
-0.460
-1.460
-0.520
-1.520
-0.580
-1.580
-0.660
-1.810
-0.740
a13
-0.270
-0.410
-0.270
-0.450
-0.280
-0.500
-0.290
-0.560
-0.290
-0.560
-0.300
-0.630
-0.300
-0.630
-0.310
-0.700
-0.320
-0.710
-0.340
-0.800
-0.360
-0.820
-0.380
-0.920
-0.410
-0.950
-0.460
-1.090
-0.520
-1.150
-0.580
-1.210
-0.660
-1.380
-0.740
a12
-0.270
-0.370
-0.270
-0.390
-0.280
-0.430
-0.290
-0.470
-0.290
-0.470
-0.300
-0.510
-0.300
-0.510
-0.310
-0.560
-0.320
-0.570
-0.340
-0.640
-0.360
-0.660
-0.380
-0.730
-0.410
-0.760
-0.460
-0.860
-0.520
-0.920
-0.580
-0.980
-0.660
-1.120
-0.740
a11
-0.270
-0.330
-0.270
-0.345
-0.280
-0.370
-0.290
-0.400
-0.290
-0.400
-0.300
-0.430
-0.300
-0.430
-0.310
-0.470
-0.320
-0.480
-0.340
-0.530
-0.360
-0.550
-0.380
-0.600
-0.410
-0.630
-0.460
-0.710
-0.520
-0.770
-0.580
-0.830
-0.660
-0.950
-0.740
a10
-0.270
-0.310
-0.270
-0.318
-0.280
-0.338
-0.290
-0.360
-0.290
-0.360
-0.300
-0.384
-0.300
-0.384
-0.310
-0.410
-0.320
-0.420
-0.340
-0.460
-0.360
-0.480
-0.380
-0.520
-0.410
-0.550
-0.460
-0.620
-0.520
-0.680
-0.580
-0.740
-0.660
-0.845
-0.740
a9
-0.270
-0.295
-0.270
-0.300
-0.280
-0.316
-0.290
-0.333
-0.290
-0.333
-0.300
-0.352
-0.300
-0.352
-0.310
-0.372
-0.320
-0.382
-0.340
-0.414
-0.360
-0.434
-0.380
-0.467
-0.410
-0.497
-0.460
-0.560
-0.520
-0.620
-0.580
-0.680
-0.660
-0.775
-0.740
b14
-0.140
-0.390
-0.140
-0.440
-0.150
-0.510
-0.150
-0.580
-0.150
-0.580
-0.160
-0.680
-0.160
-0.680
-0.170
-0.790
-0.180
-0.800
-0.190
-0.930
-0.200
-0.940
-0.220
-1.090
-0.240
-1.110
-0.260
-1.260
-0.280
-1.280
-0.310
-1.310
-0.340
-1.490
-0.380
b13
-0.140
-0.280
-0.140
-0.320
-0.150
-0.370
-0.150
-0.420
-0.150
-0.420
-0.160
-0.490
-0.160
-0.490
-0.170
-0.560
-0.180
-0.570
-0.190
-0.650
-0.200
-0.660
-0.220
-0.760
-0.240
-0.780
-0.260
-0.890
-0.280
-0.910
-0.310
-0.940
-0.340
-1.060
-0.380
b12
-0.140
-0.240
-0.140
-0.260
-0.150
-0.300
-0.150
-0.330
-0.150
-0.330
-0.160
-0.370
-0.160
-0.370
-0.170
-0.420
-0.180
-0.430
-0.190
-0.490
-0.200
-0.500
-0.220
-0.570
-0.240
-0.590
-0.260
-0.660
-0.280
-0.680
-0.310
-0.710
-0.340
-0.800
-0.380
b11
-0.140
-0.200
-0.140
-0.215
-0.150
-0.240
-0.150
-0.260
-0.150
-0.260
-0.160
-0.290
-0.160
-0.290
-0.170
-0.330
-0.180
-0.340
-0.190
-0.380
-0.200
-0.390
-0.220
-0.440
-0.240
-0.460
-0.260
-0.510
-0.280
-0.530
-0.310
-0.560
-0.340
-0.630
-0.380
b10
-0.140
-0.180
-0.140
-0.188
-0.150
-0.208
-0.150
-0.220
-0.150
-0.220
-0.160
-0.244
-0.160
-0.244
-0.170
-0.270
-0.180
-0.280
-0.190
-0.310
-0.200
-0.320
-0.220
-0.360
-0.240
-0.380
-0.260
-0.420
-0.280
-0.440
-0.310
-0.470
-0.340
-0.525
-0.380
b9
-0.140
-0.165
-0.140
-0.170
-0.150
-0.186
-0.150
-0.193
-0.150
-0.193
-0.160
-0.212
-0.160
-0.212
-0.170
-0.232
-0.180
-0.242
-0.190
-0.264
-0.200
-0.274
-0.220
-0.307
-0.240
-0.327
-0.260
-0.360
-0.280
-0.380
-0.310
-0.410
-0.340
-0.455
-0.380
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
-1.890
-0.820
-1.970
-0.920
-2.220
-1.050
-2.350
-1.200
-2.600
-1.350
-2.750
-1.500
-1.460
-0.820
-1.540
-0.920
-1.730
-1.050
-1.860
-1.200
-2.090
-1.350
-2.240
-1.500
-1.200
-0.820
-1.280
-0.920
-1.440
-1.050
-1.570
-1.200
-1.770
-1.350
-1.920
-1.500
-1.030
-0.820
-1.110
-0.920
-1.240
-1.050
-1.370
-1.200
-1.560
-1.350
-1.710
-1.500
-0.925
-0.820
-1.005
-0.920
-1.130
-1.050
-1.260
-1.200
-1.430
-1.350
-1.580
-1.500
-0.855
-0.820
-0.935
-0.920
-1.050
-1.050
-1.180
-1.200
-1.340
-1.350
-1.490
-1.500
-1.530
-0.420
-1.570
-0.480
-1.780
-0.540
-1.840
-0.600
-2.000
-0.680
-2.080
-0.760
-1.100
-0.420
-1.140
-0.480
-1.290
-0.540
-1.350
-0.600
-1.490
-0.680
-1.570
-0.760
-0.840
-0.420
-0.880
-0.480
-1.000
-0.540
-1.060
-0.600
-1.170
-0.680
-1.250
-0.760
-0.670
-0.420
-0.710
-0.480
-0.800
-0.540
-0.860
-0.600
-0.960
-0.680
-1.040
-0.760
-0.565
-0.420
-0.605
-0.480
-0.690
-0.540
-0.750
-0.600
-0.830
-0.680
-0.910
-0.760
-0.495
-0.420
-0.535
-0.480
-0.610
-0.540
-0.670
-0.600
-0.740
-0.680
-0.820
-0.760
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
TO
450
-3.050
-2.470
-2.130
-1.900
-1.750
-1.655
-2.310
-1.730
-1.390
-1.160
-1.010
-0.915
OVER
TO
450
500
-1.650
-3.200
-1.650
-2.620
-1.650
-2.280
-1.650
-2.050
-1.650
-1.900
-1.650
-1.805
-0.840
-2.390
-0.840
-1.810
-0.840
-1.470
-0.840
-1.240
-0.840
-1.090
-0.840
-0.995
TABLE 6-19 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (c13 ... c8, d12 ... d7) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
c13
c12
c11
c10
c9
c8
d12
d11
d10
d9
d8
d7
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
-0.060
-0.200
-0.070
-0.250
-0.080
-0.300
-0.095
-0.365
-0.095
-0.365
-0.110
-0.440
-0.110
-0.440
-0.120
-0.510
-0.130
-0.520
-0.140
-0.600
-0.150
-0.610
-0.170
-0.710
-0.180
-0.720
-0.200
-0.830
-0.210
-0.840
-0.060
-0.160
-0.070
-0.190
-0.080
-0.230
-0.095
-0.275
-0.095
-0.275
-0.110
-0.320
-0.110
-0.320
-0.120
-0.370
-0.130
-0.380
-0.140
-0.440
-0.150
-0.450
-0.170
-0.520
-0.180
-0.530
-0.200
-0.600
-0.210
-0.610
-0.060
-0.120
-0.070
-0.145
-0.080
-0.170
-0.095
-0.205
-0.095
-0.205
-0.110
-0.240
-0.110
-0.240
-0.120
-0.280
-0.130
-0.290
-0.140
-0.330
-0.150
-0.340
-0.170
-0.390
-0.180
-0.400
-0.200
-0.450
-0.210
-0.460
-0.060
-0.100
-0.070
-0.118
-0.080
-0.138
-0.095
-0.165
-0.095
-0.165
-0.110
-0.194
-0.110
-0.194
-0.120
-0.220
-0.130
-0.230
-0.140
-0.260
-0.150
-0.270
-0.170
-0.310
-0.180
-0.320
-0.200
-0.360
-0.210
-0.370
-0.060
-0.085
-0.070
-0.100
-0.080
-0.116
-0.095
-0.138
-0.095
-0.138
-0.110
-0.162
-0.110
-0.162
-0.120
-0.182
-0.130
-0.192
-0.140
-0.214
-0.150
-0.224
-0.170
-0.257
-0.180
-0.267
-0.200
-0.300
-0.210
-0.310
-0.060
-0.074
-0.070
-0.088
-0.080
-0.102
-0.095
-0.122
-0.095
-0.122
-0.110
-0.143
-0.110
-0.143
-0.120
-0.159
-0.130
-0.169
-0.140
-0.186
-0.150
-0.196
-0.170
-0.224
-0.180
-0.234
-0.200
-0.263
-0.210
-0.273
-0.020
-0.120
-0.030
-0.150
-0.040
-0.190
-0.050
-0.230
-0.050
-0.230
-0.065
-0.275
-0.065
-0.275
-0.080
-0.330
-0.080
-0.330
-0.100
-0.400
-0.100
-0.400
-0.120
-0.470
-0.120
-0.470
-0.145
-0.545
-0.145
-0.545
-0.020
-0.080
-0.030
-0.105
-0.040
-0.130
-0.050
-0.160
-0.050
-0.160
-0.065
-0.195
-0.065
-0.195
-0.080
-0.240
-0.080
-0.240
-0.100
-0.290
-0.100
-0.290
-0.120
-0.340
-0.120
-0.340
-0.145
-0.395
-0.145
-0.395
-0.020
-0.060
-0.030
-0.078
-0.040
-0.098
-0.050
-0.120
-0.050
-0.120
-0.065
-0.149
-0.065
-0.149
-0.080
-0.180
-0.080
-0.180
-0.100
-0.220
-0.100
-0.220
-0.120
-0.260
-0.120
-0.260
-0.145
-0.305
-0.145
-0.305
-0.020
-0.045
-0.030
-0.060
-0.040
-0.076
-0.050
-0.093
-0.050
-0.093
-0.065
-0.117
-0.065
-0.117
-0.080
-0.142
-0.080
-0.142
-0.100
-0.174
-0.100
-0.174
-0.120
-0.207
-0.120
-0.207
-0.145
-0.245
-0.145
-0.245
-0.020
-0.034
-0.030
-0.048
-0.040
-0.062
-0.050
-0.077
-0.050
-0.077
-0.065
-0.098
-0.065
-0.098
-0.080
-0.119
-0.080
-0.119
-0.100
-0.146
-0.100
-0.146
-0.120
-0.174
-0.120
-0.174
-0.145
-0.208
-0.145
-0.208
-0.020
-0.030
-0.030
-0.042
-0.040
-0.055
-0.050
-0.068
-0.050
-0.068
-0.065
-0.086
-0.065
-0.086
-0.080
-0.105
-0.080
-0.105
-0.100
-0.130
-0.100
-0.130
-0.120
-0.155
-0.120
-0.155
-0.145
-0.185
-0.145
-0.185
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
-0.230
-0.860
-0.240
-0.960
-0.260
-0.980
-0.280
-1.000
-0.300
-1.110
-0.330
-1.140
-0.360
-1.250
-0.400
-1.290
-0.440
-1.410
-0.480
-1.450
-0.230
-0.630
-0.240
-0.700
-0.260
-0.720
-0.280
-0.740
-0.300
-0.820
-0.330
-0.850
-0.360
-0.930
-0.400
-0.970
-0.440
-1.070
-0.480
-1.110
-0.230
-0.480
-0.240
-0.530
-0.260
-0.550
-0.280
-0.570
-0.300
-0.620
-0.330
-0.650
-0.360
-0.720
-0.400
-0.760
-0.440
-0.840
-0.480
-0.880
-0.230
-0.390
-0.240
-0.425
-0.260
-0.445
-0.280
-0.465
-0.300
-0.510
-0.330
-0.540
-0.360
-0.590
-0.400
-0.630
-0.440
-0.690
-0.480
-0.730
-0.230
-0.330
-0.240
-0.355
-0.260
-0.375
-0.280
-0.395
-0.300
-0.430
-0.330
-0.460
-0.360
-0.500
-0.400
-0.540
-0.440
-0.595
-0.480
-0.635
-0.230
-0.293
-0.240
-0.312
-0.260
-0.332
-0.280
-0.352
-0.300
-0.381
-0.330
-0.411
-0.360
-0.449
-0.400
-0.489
-0.440
-0.537
-0.480
-0.577
-0.145
-0.545
-0.170
-0.630
-0.170
-0.630
-0.170
-0.630
-0.190
-0.710
-0.190
-0.710
-0.210
-0.780
-0.210
-0.780
-0.230
-0.860
-0.230
-0.860
-0.145
-0.395
-0.170
-0.460
-0.170
-0.460
-0.170
-0.460
-0.190
-0.510
-0.190
-0.510
-0.210
-0.570
-0.210
-0.570
-0.230
-0.630
-0.230
-0.630
-0.145
-0.305
-0.170
-0.355
-0.170
-0.355
-0.170
-0.355
-0.190
-0.400
-0.190
-0.400
-0.210
-0.440
-0.210
-0.440
-0.230
-0.480
-0.230
-0.480
-0.145
-0.245
-0.170
-0.285
-0.170
-0.285
-0.170
-0.285
-0.190
-0.320
-0.190
-0.320
-0.210
-0.350
-0.210
-0.350
-0.230
-0.385
-0.230
-0.385
-0.145
-0.208
-0.170
-0.242
-0.170
-0.242
-0.170
-0.242
-0.190
-0.271
-0.190
-0.271
-0.210
-0.299
-0.210
-0.299
-0.230
-0.327
-0.230
-0.327
-0.145
-0.185
-0.170
-0.216
-0.170
-0.216
-0.170
-0.216
-0.190
-0.242
-0.190
-0.242
-0.210
-0.267
-0.210
-0.267
-0.230
-0.293
-0.230
-0.293
TABLE 6-20 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (e11 ... e6, f10 ... f5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
e11
e10
e9
e8
e7
e6
f10
f9
f8
f7
f6
f5
-0.014
-0.074
-0.020
-0.095
-0.025
-0.115
-0.032
-0.142
-0.032
-0.142
-0.040
-0.170
-0.040
-0.170
-0.050
-0.210
-0.050
-0.210
-0.060
-0.250
-0.060
-0.250
-0.072
-0.292
-0.072
-0.292
-0.085
-0.335
-0.085
-0.335
-0.085
-0.335
-0.100
-0.390
-0.100
-0.390
-0.100
-0.390
-0.110
-0.430
-0.110
-0.430
-0.125
-0.485
-0.125
-0.485
-0.135
-0.535
-0.135
-0.535
-0.014
-0.054
-0.020
-0.068
-0.025
-0.083
-0.032
-0.102
-0.032
-0.102
-0.040
-0.124
-0.040
-0.124
-0.050
-0.150
-0.050
-0.150
-0.060
-0.180
-0.060
-0.180
-0.072
-0.212
-0.072
-0.212
-0.085
-0.245
-0.085
-0.245
-0.085
-0.245
-0.100
-0.285
-0.100
-0.285
-0.100
-0.285
-0.110
-0.320
-0.110
-0.320
-0.125
-0.355
-0.125
-0.355
-0.135
-0.385
-0.135
-0.385
-0.014
-0.039
-0.020
-0.050
-0.025
-0.061
-0.032
-0.075
-0.032
-0.075
-0.040
-0.092
-0.040
-0.092
-0.050
-0.112
-0.050
-0.112
-0.060
-0.134
-0.060
-0.134
-0.072
-0.159
-0.072
-0.159
-0.085
-0.185
-0.085
-0.185
-0.085
-0.185
-0.100
-0.215
-0.100
-0.215
-0.100
-0.215
-0.110
-0.240
-0.110
-0.240
-0.125
-0.265
-0.125
-0.265
-0.135
-0.290
-0.135
-0.290
-0.014
-0.028
-0.020
-0.038
-0.025
-0.047
-0.032
-0.059
-0.032
-0.059
-0.040
-0.073
-0.040
-0.073
-0.050
-0.089
-0.050
-0.089
-0.060
-0.106
-0.060
-0.106
-0.072
-0.126
-0.072
-0.126
-0.085
-0.148
-0.085
-0.148
-0.085
-0.148
-0.100
-0.172
-0.100
-0.172
-0.100
-0.172
-0.110
-0.191
-0.110
-0.191
-0.125
-0.214
-0.125
-0.214
-0.135
-0.232
-0.135
-0.232
-0.014
-0.024
-0.020
-0.032
-0.025
-0.040
-0.032
-0.050
-0.032
-0.050
-0.040
-0.061
-0.040
-0.061
-0.050
-0.075
-0.050
-0.075
-0.060
-0.090
-0.060
-0.090
-0.072
-0.107
-0.072
-0.107
-0.085
-0.125
-0.085
-0.125
-0.085
-0.125
-0.100
-0.146
-0.100
-0.146
-0.100
-0.146
-0.110
-0.162
-0.110
-0.162
-0.125
-0.182
-0.125
-0.182
-0.135
-0.198
-0.135
-0.198
-0.014
-0.020
-0.020
-0.028
-0.025
-0.034
-0.032
-0.043
-0.032
-0.043
-0.040
-0.053
-0.040
-0.053
-0.050
-0.066
-0.050
-0.066
-0.060
-0.079
-0.060
-0.079
-0.072
-0.094
-0.072
-0.094
-0.085
-0.110
-0.085
-0.110
-0.085
-0.110
-0.100
-0.129
-0.100
-0.129
-0.100
-0.129
-0.110
-0.142
-0.110
-0.142
-0.125
-0.161
-0.125
-0.161
-0.135
-0.175
-0.135
-0.175
-0.006
-0.046
-0.010
-0.058
-0.013
-0.071
-0.016
-0.086
-0.016
-0.086
-0.020
-0.104
-0.020
-0.104
-0.025
-0.125
-0.025
-0.125
-0.030
-0.150
-0.030
-0.150
-0.036
-0.176
-0.036
-0.176
-0.043
-0.203
-0.043
-0.203
-0.043
-0.203
-0.050
-0.235
-0.050
-0.235
-0.050
-0.235
-0.056
-0.266
-0.056
-0.266
-0.062
-0.292
-0.062
-0.292
-0.068
-0.318
-0.068
-0.318
-0.006
-0.031
-0.010
-0.040
-0.013
-0.049
-0.016
-0.059
-0.016
-0.059
-0.020
-0.072
-0.020
-0.072
-0.025
-0.087
-0.025
-0.087
-0.030
-0.104
-0.030
-0.104
-0.036
-0.123
-0.036
-0.123
-0.043
-0.143
-0.043
-0.143
-0.043
-0.143
-0.050
-0.165
-0.050
-0.165
-0.050
-0.165
-0.056
-0.186
-0.056
-0.186
-0.062
-0.202
-0.062
-0.202
-0.068
-0.223
-0.068
-0.223
-0.006
-0.020
-0.010
-0.028
-0.013
-0.035
-0.016
-0.043
-0.016
-0.043
-0.020
-0.053
-0.020
-0.053
-0.025
-0.064
-0.025
-0.064
-0.030
-0.076
-0.030
-0.076
-0.036
-0.090
-0.036
-0.090
-0.043
-0.106
-0.043
-0.106
-0.043
-0.106
-0.050
-0.122
-0.050
-0.122
-0.050
-0.122
-0.056
-0.137
-0.056
-0.137
-0.062
-0.151
-0.062
-0.151
-0.068
-0.165
-0.068
-0.165
-0.006
-0.016
-0.010
-0.022
-0.013
-0.028
-0.016
-0.034
-0.016
-0.034
-0.020
-0.041
-0.020
-0.041
-0.025
-0.050
-0.025
-0.050
-0.030
-0.060
-0.030
-0.060
-0.036
-0.071
-0.036
-0.071
-0.043
-0.083
-0.043
-0.083
-0.043
-0.083
-0.050
-0.096
-0.050
-0.096
-0.050
-0.096
-0.056
-0.108
-0.056
-0.108
-0.062
-0.119
-0.062
-0.119
-0.068
-0.131
-0.068
-0.131
-0.006
-0.012
-0.010
-0.018
-0.013
-0.022
-0.016
-0.027
-0.016
-0.027
-0.020
-0.033
-0.020
-0.033
-0.025
-0.041
-0.025
-0.041
-0.030
-0.049
-0.030
-0.049
-0.036
-0.058
-0.036
-0.058
-0.043
-0.068
-0.043
-0.068
-0.043
-0.068
-0.050
-0.079
-0.050
-0.079
-0.050
-0.079
-0.056
-0.088
-0.056
-0.088
-0.062
-0.098
-0.062
-0.098
-0.068
-0.108
-0.068
-0.108
-0.006
-0.010
-0.010
-0.015
-0.013
-0.019
-0.016
-0.024
-0.016
-0.024
-0.020
-0.029
-0.020
-0.029
-0.025
-0.036
-0.025
-0.036
-0.030
-0.043
-0.030
-0.043
-0.036
-0.051
-0.036
-0.051
-0.043
-0.061
-0.043
-0.061
-0.043
-0.061
-0.050
-0.070
-0.050
-0.070
-0.050
-0.070
-0.056
-0.079
-0.056
-0.079
-0.062
-0.087
-0.062
-0.087
-0.068
-0.095
-0.068
-0.095
TABLE 6-21 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (g9 ... g4, j7 ... j5) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
g9
-0.002
-0.027
-0.004
-0.034
-0.005
-0.041
-0.006
-0.049
-0.006
-0.049
-0.007
-0.059
-0.007
-0.059
-0.009
-0.071
-0.009
-0.071
-0.010
-0.084
-0.010
-0.084
-0.012
-0.099
-0.012
-0.099
-0.014
-0.114
-0.014
-0.114
-0.014
-0.114
-0.015
-0.130
-0.015
-0.130
-0.015
-0.130
-0.017
-0.147
-0.017
-0.147
-0.018
-0.158
-0.018
-0.158
-0.020
-0.175
-0.020
-0.175
g8
-0.002
-0.016
-0.004
-0.022
-0.005
-0.027
-0.006
-0.033
-0.006
-0.033
-0.007
-0.040
-0.007
-0.040
-0.009
-0.048
-0.009
-0.048
-0.010
-0.056
-0.010
-0.056
-0.012
-0.066
-0.012
-0.066
-0.014
-0.077
-0.014
-0.077
-0.014
-0.077
-0.015
-0.087
-0.015
-0.087
-0.015
-0.087
-0.017
-0.098
-0.017
-0.098
-0.018
-0.107
-0.018
-0.107
-0.020
-0.117
-0.020
-0.117
g7
-0.002
-0.012
-0.004
-0.016
-0.005
-0.020
-0.006
-0.024
-0.006
-0.024
-0.007
-0.028
-0.007
-0.028
-0.009
-0.034
-0.009
-0.034
-0.010
-0.040
-0.010
-0.040
-0.012
-0.047
-0.012
-0.047
-0.014
-0.054
-0.014
-0.054
-0.014
-0.054
-0.015
-0.061
-0.015
-0.061
-0.015
-0.061
-0.017
-0.069
-0.017
-0.069
-0.018
-0.075
-0.018
-0.075
-0.020
-0.083
-0.020
-0.083
g6
-0.002
-0.008
-0.004
-0.012
-0.005
-0.014
-0.006
-0.017
-0.006
-0.017
-0.007
-0.020
-0.007
-0.020
-0.009
-0.025
-0.009
-0.025
-0.010
-0.029
-0.010
-0.029
-0.012
-0.034
-0.012
-0.034
-0.014
-0.039
-0.014
-0.039
-0.014
-0.039
-0.015
-0.044
-0.015
-0.044
-0.015
-0.044
-0.017
-0.049
-0.017
-0.049
-0.018
-0.054
-0.018
-0.054
-0.020
-0.060
-0.020
-0.060
g5
-0.002
-0.006
-0.004
-0.009
-0.005
-0.011
-0.006
-0.014
-0.006
-0.014
-0.007
-0.016
-0.007
-0.016
-0.009
-0.020
-0.009
-0.020
-0.010
-0.023
-0.010
-0.023
-0.012
-0.027
-0.012
-0.027
-0.014
-0.032
-0.014
-0.032
-0.014
-0.032
-0.015
-0.035
-0.015
-0.035
-0.015
-0.035
-0.017
-0.040
-0.017
-0.040
-0.018
-0.043
-0.018
-0.043
-0.020
-0.047
-0.020
-0.047
g4
-0.002
-0.005
-0.004
-0.008
-0.005
-0.009
-0.006
-0.011
-0.006
-0.011
-0.007
-0.013
-0.007
-0.013
-0.009
-0.016
-0.009
-0.016
-0.010
-0.018
-0.010
-0.018
-0.012
-0.022
-0.012
-0.022
-0.014
-0.026
-0.014
-0.026
-0.014
-0.026
-0.015
-0.029
-0.015
-0.029
-0.015
-0.029
-0.017
-0.033
-0.017
-0.033
-0.018
-0.036
-0.018
-0.036
-0.020
-0.040
-0.020
-0.040
j7
0.006
-0.004
0.008
-0.004
0.010
-0.005
0.012
-0.006
0.012
-0.006
0.013
-0.008
0.013
-0.008
0.015
-0.010
0.015
-0.010
0.018
-0.012
0.018
-0.012
0.020
-0.015
0.020
-0.015
0.022
-0.018
0.022
-0.018
0.022
-0.018
0.025
-0.021
0.025
-0.021
0.025
-0.021
0.026
-0.026
0.026
-0.026
0.029
-0.028
0.029
-0.028
0.031
-0.032
0.031
-0.032
j6
0.004
-0.002
0.006
-0.002
0.007
-0.002
0.008
-0.003
0.008
-0.003
0.009
-0.004
0.009
-0.004
0.011
-0.005
0.011
-0.005
0.012
-0.007
0.012
-0.007
0.013
-0.009
0.013
-0.009
0.014
-0.011
0.014
-0.011
0.014
-0.011
0.016
-0.013
0.016
-0.013
0.016
-0.013
0.016
-0.016
0.016
-0.016
0.018
-0.018
0.018
-0.018
0.020
-0.020
0.020
-0.020
j5
0.002
-0.002
0.003
-0.002
0.004
-0.002
0.005
-0.003
0.005
-0.003
0.005
-0.004
0.005
-0.004
0.006
-0.005
0.006
-0.005
0.006
-0.007
0.006
-0.007
0.006
-0.009
0.006
-0.009
0.007
-0.011
0.007
-0.011
0.007
-0.011
0.007
-0.013
0.007
-0.013
0.007
-0.013
0.007
-0.016
0.007
-0.016
0.007
-0.018
0.007
-0.018
0.007
-0.020
0.007
-0.020
TABLE 6-22 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (h16 ... h1) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
h16
h15
h14
h13
h12
h11
h10
h9
h8
h7
h6
h5
h4
h3
h2
h1
0.000
-0.600
0.000
-0.750
0.000
-0.900
0.000
-1.100
0.000
-1.100
0.000
-0.400
0.000
-0.480
0.000
-0.580
0.000
-0.700
0.000
-0.700
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.300
0.000
-0.360
0.000
-0.430
0.000
-0.430
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.180
0.000
-0.220
0.000
-0.270
0.000
-0.270
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.120
0.000
-0.150
0.000
-0.180
0.000
-0.180
0.000
-0.060
0.000
-0.075
0.000
-0.090
0.000
-0.110
0.000
-0.110
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.048
0.000
-0.058
0.000
-0.070
0.000
-0.070
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.030
0.000
-0.036
0.000
-0.043
0.000
-0.043
0.000
-0.014
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.022
0.000
-0.027
0.000
-0.027
0.000
-0.010
0.000
-0.012
0.000
-0.015
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.006
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.009
0.000
-0.011
0.000
-0.011
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.006
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.003
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.002
0.000
-0.003
0.000
-0.003
0.000
-0.003
0.000
-0.003
0.0000
-0.0012
0.0000
-0.0015
0.0000
-0.0015
0.0000
-0.0020
0.0000
-0.0020
0.0000
-0.0008
0.0000
-0.0010
0.0000
-0.0010
0.0000
-0.0012
0.0000
-0.0012
0.000
-1.300
0.000
-1.300
0.000
-1.600
0.000
-1.600
0.000
-1.900
0.000
-1.900
0.000
-2.200
0.000
-2.200
0.000
-2.500
0.000
-2.500
0.000
-2.500
0.000
-2.900
0.000
-2.900
0.000
-2.900
0.000
-3.200
0.000
-3.200
0.000
-3.600
0.000
-3.600
0.000
-4.000
0.000
-4.000
0.000
-0.840
0.000
-0.840
0.000
-1.000
0.000
-1.000
0.000
-1.200
0.000
-1.200
0.000
-1.400
0.000
-1.400
0.000
-1.600
0.000
-1.600
0.000
-1.600
0.000
-1.850
0.000
-1.850
0.000
-1.850
0.000
-2.100
0.000
-2.100
0.000
-2.300
0.000
-2.300
0.000
-2.500
0.000
-2.500
0.000
-0.520
0.000
-0.520
0.000
-0.620
0.000
-0.620
0.000
-0.740
0.000
-0.740
0.000
-0.870
0.000
-0.870
0.000
-1.000
0.000
-1.000
0.000
-1.000
0.000
-1.150
0.000
-1.150
0.000
-1.150
0.000
-1.300
0.000
-1.300
0.000
-1.400
0.000
-1.400
0.000
-1.550
0.000
-1.550
0.000
-0.330
0.000
-0.330
0.000
-0.390
0.000
-0.390
0.000
-0.460
0.000
-0.460
0.000
-0.540
0.000
-0.540
0.000
-0.630
0.000
-0.630
0.000
-0.630
0.000
-0.720
0.000
-0.720
0.000
-0.720
0.000
-0.810
0.000
-0.810
0.000
-0.890
0.000
-0.890
0.000
-0.970
0.000
-0.970
0.000
-0.210
0.000
-0.210
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.300
0.000
-0.300
0.000
-0.350
0.000
-0.350
0.000
-0.400
0.000
-0.400
0.000
-0.400
0.000
-0.460
0.000
-0.460
0.000
-0.460
0.000
-0.520
0.000
-0.520
0.000
-0.570
0.000
-0.570
0.000
-0.630
0.000
-0.630
0.000
-0.130
0.000
-0.130
0.000
-0.160
0.000
-0.160
0.000
-0.190
0.000
-0.190
0.000
-0.220
0.000
-0.220
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.290
0.000
-0.290
0.000
-0.290
0.000
-0.320
0.000
-0.320
0.000
-0.360
0.000
-0.360
0.000
-0.400
0.000
-0.400
0.000
-0.084
0.000
-0.084
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.120
0.000
-0.120
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.160
0.000
-0.160
0.000
-0.160
0.000
-0.185
0.000
-0.185
0.000
-0.185
0.000
-0.210
0.000
-0.210
0.000
-0.230
0.000
-0.230
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.250
0.000
-0.052
0.000
-0.052
0.000
-0.062
0.000
-0.062
0.000
-0.074
0.000
-0.074
0.000
-0.087
0.000
-0.087
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.100
0.000
-0.115
0.000
-0.115
0.000
-0.115
0.000
-0.130
0.000
-0.130
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.140
0.000
-0.155
0.000
-0.155
0.000
-0.033
0.000
-0.033
0.000
-0.039
0.000
-0.039
0.000
-0.046
0.000
-0.046
0.000
-0.054
0.000
-0.054
0.000
-0.063
0.000
-0.063
0.000
-0.063
0.000
-0.072
0.000
-0.072
0.000
-0.072
0.000
-0.081
0.000
-0.081
0.000
-0.089
0.000
-0.089
0.000
-0.097
0.000
-0.097
0.000
-0.021
0.000
-0.021
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.030
0.000
-0.030
0.000
-0.035
0.000
-0.035
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.046
0.000
-0.046
0.000
-0.046
0.000
-0.052
0.000
-0.052
0.000
-0.057
0.000
-0.057
0.000
-0.063
0.000
-0.063
0.000
-0.013
0.000
-0.013
0.000
-0.016
0.000
-0.016
0.000
-0.019
0.000
-0.019
0.000
-0.022
0.000
-0.022
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.029
0.000
-0.029
0.000
-0.029
0.000
-0.032
0.000
-0.032
0.000
-0.036
0.000
-0.036
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.040
0.000
-0.009
0.000
-0.009
0.000
-0.011
0.000
-0.011
0.000
-0.013
0.000
-0.013
0.000
-0.015
0.000
-0.015
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.020
0.000
-0.020
0.000
-0.020
0.000
-0.023
0.000
-0.023
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.025
0.000
-0.027
0.000
-0.027
0.000
-0.006
0.000
-0.006
0.000
-0.007
0.000
-0.007
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.010
0.000
-0.010
0.000
-0.012
0.000
-0.012
0.000
-0.012
0.000
-0.014
0.000
-0.014
0.000
-0.014
0.000
-0.016
0.000
-0.016
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.018
0.000
-0.020
0.000
-0.020
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.006
0.000
-0.006
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.008
0.000
-0.010
0.000
-0.010
0.000
-0.010
0.000
-0.012
0.000
-0.012
0.000
-0.013
0.000
-0.013
0.000
-0.015
0.000
-0.015
0.0000
-0.0025
0.0000
-0.0025
0.0000
-0.0025
0.0000
-0.0025
0.0000
-0.0030
0.0000
-0.0030
0.0000
-0.0040
0.0000
-0.0040
0.0000
-0.0050
0.0000
-0.0050
0.0000
-0.0050
0.0000
-0.0070
0.0000
-0.0070
0.0000
-0.0070
0.0000
-0.0080
0.0000
-0.0080
0.0000
-0.0090
0.0000
-0.0090
0.0000
-0.0100
0.0000
-0.0100
0.0000
-0.0015
0.0000
-0.0015
0.0000
-0.0015
0.0000
-0.0015
0.0000
-0.0020
0.0000
-0.0020
0.0000
-0.0025
0.0000
-0.0025
0.0000
-0.0035
0.0000
-0.0035
0.0000
-0.0035
0.0000
-0.0045
0.0000
-0.0045
0.0000
-0.0045
0.0000
-0.0060
0.0000
-0.0060
0.0000
-0.0070
0.0000
-0.0070
0.0000
-0.0080
0.0000
-0.0080
TABLE 6-23 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (js16 ... js1) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
js16
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
js15
js14
js13
js12
js11
js10
js9
js8
js7
0.0070
js6
js5
js4
js3
js2
js1
0.300
0.200
0.125
0.070
0.050
0.030
0.0200
0.0125
0.0050
0.0030
0.0020
0.0015
0.00100
0.00060
0.00040
-0.300
-0.200
-0.125
-0.070
-0.050
-0.030
-0.0200
-0.0125 -0.0070 -0.0050
-0.0030
-0.0020
-0.0015
-0.00100
-0.00060
-0.00040
0.375
0.240
0.150
0.090
0.060
0.0375
0.0240
0.0150
0.0060
0.0040
0.0025
0.0020
0.00125
0.00075
0.00050
-0.375
-0.240
-0.150
-0.090
-0.060
-0.0375
-0.0240
-0.0150 -0.0090 -0.0060
0.0090
-0.0040
-0.0025
-0.0020
-0.00125
-0.00075
-0.00050
0.450
0.290
0.180
0.110
0.075
0.045
0.0290
0.0180
0.0075
0.0045
0.0030
0.0020
0.00125
0.00075
0.00050
-0.450
-0.290
-0.180
-0.110
-0.075
-0.045
-0.0290
-0.0180 -0.0110 -0.0075
0.0110
-0.0045
-0.0030
-0.0020
-0.00125
-0.00075
-0.00050
0.550
0.350
0.215
0.135
0.090
0.055
0.0350
0.0215
0.0090
0.0055
0.0040
0.0025
0.00150
0.00100
0.00060
-0.550
-0.350
-0.215
-0.135
-0.090
-0.055
-0.0350
-0.0215 -0.0135 -0.0090
0.0135
-0.0055
-0.0040
-0.0025
-0.00150
-0.00100
-0.00060
0.550
0.350
0.215
0.135
0.090
0.055
0.0350
0.0215
0.0090
0.0055
0.0040
0.0025
0.00150
0.00100
0.00060
-0.550
-0.350
-0.215
-0.135
-0.090
-0.055
-0.0350
-0.0215 -0.0135 -0.0090
0.0135
-0.0055
-0.0040
-0.0025
-0.00150
-0.00100
-0.00060
0.650
0.420
0.260
0.165
0.105
0.065
0.0420 0.0260 0.0165 0.0105 0.0065
OVER
18
-0.650
-0.420
-0.260
-0.165
-0.105
-0.065 -0.0420 -0.0260 -0.0165 -0.0105 -0.0065
TO
24
0.650
0.420
0.260
0.165
0.105
0.065
0.0420 0.0260 0.0165 0.0105 0.0065
OVER
24
-0.650
-0.420
-0.260
-0.165
-0.105
-0.065 -0.0420 -0.0260 -0.0165 -0.0105 -0.0065
TO
30
0.800
0.500
0.310
0.195
0.125
0.080
0.0500 0.0310 0.0195 0.0125 0.0080
OVER
30
-0.800
-0.500
-0.310
-0.195
-0.125
-0.080 -0.0500 -0.0310 -0.0195 -0.0125 -0.0080
TO
40
0.800
0.500
0.310
0.195
0.125
0.080
0.0500 0.0310 0.0195 0.0125 0.0080
OVER
40
-0.800
-0.500
-0.310
-0.195
-0.125
-0.080 -0.0500 -0.0310 -0.0195 -0.0125 -0.0080
TO
50
0.950
0.600
0.370
0.230
0.150
0.095
0.0600 0.0370 0.0230 0.0150 0.0095
OVER
50
-0.950
-0.600
-0.370
-0.230
-0.150
-0.095 -0.0600 -0.0370 -0.0230 -0.0150 -0.0095
TO
65
0.950
0.600
0.370
0.230
0.150
0.095
0.0600 0.0370 0.0230 0.0150 0.0095
OVER
65
-0.950
-0.600
-0.370
-0.230
-0.150
-0.095 -0.0600 -0.0370 -0.0230 -0.0150 -0.0095
TO
80
1.100
0.700
0.435
0.270
0.175
0.110
0.0700 0.0435 0.0270 0.0175 0.0110
OVER
80
-1.100
-0.700
-0.435
-0.270
-0.175
-0.110 -0.0700 -0.0435 -0.0270 -0.0175 -0.0110
TO
100
1.100
0.700
0.435
0.270
0.175
0.110
0.0700 0.0435 0.0270 0.0175 0.0110
OVER
100
-1.100
-0.700
-0.435
-0.270
-0.175
-0.110 -0.0700 -0.0435 -0.0270 -0.0175 -0.0110
TO
120
1.250
0.800
0.500
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.0800 0.0500 0.0315 0.0200 0.0125
OVER
120
-1.250
-0.800
-0.500
-0.315
-0.200
-0.125 -0.0800 -0.0500 -0.0315 -0.0200 -0.0125
TO
140
1.250
0.800
0.500
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.0800 0.0500 0.0315 0.0200 0.0125
OVER
140
-1.250
-0.800
-0.500
-0.315
-0.200
-0.125 -0.0800 -0.0500 -0.0315 -0.0200 -0.0125
TO
160
1.250
0.800
0.500
0.315
0.200
0.125
0.0800 0.0500 0.0315 0.0200 0.0125
OVER
160
-1.250
-0.800
-0.500
-0.315
-0.200
-0.125 -0.0800 -0.0500 -0.0315 -0.0200 -0.0125
TO
180
1.450
0.925
0.575
0.360
0.230
0.145
0.0925 0.0575 0.0360 0.0230 0.0145
OVER
180
-1.450
-0.925
-0.575
-0.360
-0.230
-0.145 -0.0925 -0.0575 -0.0360 -0.0230 -0.0145
TO
200
1.450
0.925
0.575
0.360
0.230
0.145
0.0925 0.0575 0.0360 0.0230 0.0145
OVER
200
-1.450
-0.925
-0.575
-0.360
-0.230
-0.145 -0.0925 -0.0575 -0.0360 -0.0230 -0.0145
TO
225
1.450
0.925
0.575
0.360
0.230
0.145
0.0925 0.0575 0.0360 0.0230 0.0145
OVER
225
-1.450
-0.925
-0.575
-0.360
-0.230
-0.145 -0.0925 -0.0575 -0.0360 -0.0230 -0.0145
TO
250
1.600
1.050
0.650
0.405
0.260
0.160
0.1050 0.0650 0.0405 0.0260 0.0160
OVER
250
-1.600
-1.050
-0.650
-0.405
-0.260
-0.160 -0.1050 -0.0650 -0.0405 -0.0260 -0.0160
TO
280
1.600
1.050
0.650
0.405
0.260
0.160
0.1050 0.0650 0.0405 0.0260 0.0160
OVER
280
-1.600
-1.050
-0.650
-0.405
-0.260
-0.160 -0.1050 -0.0650 -0.0405 -0.0260 -0.0160
TO
315
1.800
1.150
0.700
0.445
0.285
0.180
0.1150 0.0700 0.0445 0.0285 0.0180
OVER
315
-1.800
-1.150
-0.700
-0.445
-0.285
-0.180 -0.1150 -0.0700 -0.0445 -0.0285 -0.0180
TO
355
1.800
1.150
0.700
0.445
0.285
0.180
0.1150 0.0700 0.0445 0.0285 0.0180
OVER
355
-1.800
-1.150
-0.700
-0.445
-0.285
-0.180 -0.1150 -0.0700 -0.0445 -0.0285 -0.0180
TO
400
2.000
1.250
0.775
0.485
0.315
0.200
0.1250 0.0775 0.0485 0.0315 0.0200
OVER
400
-2.000
-1.250
-0.775
-0.485
-0.315
-0.200 -0.1250 -0.0775 -0.0485 -0.0315 -0.0200
TO
450
2.000
1.250
0.775
0.485
0.315
0.200
0.1250 0.0775 0.0485 0.0315 0.0200
OVER
450
-2.000
-1.250
-0.775
-0.485
-0.315
-0.200 -0.1250 -0.0775 -0.0485 -0.0315 -0.0200
TO
500
NOTE: Some js deviations in the grades 7 to 11 have been rounded off to 1/2(IT - 0.001) when IT values is odd.
0.0045
0.0030
0.00200
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0045
-0.0030
-0.00200
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0045
0.0030
0.00200
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0045
-0.0030
-0.00200
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0055
0.0035
0.00200
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0055
-0.0035
-0.00200
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0055
0.0035
0.00200
0.00125
0.00075
-0.0055
-0.0035
-0.00200
-0.00125
-0.00075
0.0065
0.0040
0.00250
0.00150
0.00100
-0.0065
-0.0040
-0.00250
-0.00150
-0.00100
0.0065
0.0040
0.00250
0.00150
0.00100
-0.0065
-0.0040
-0.00250
-0.00150
-0.00100
0.0075
0.0050
0.00300
0.00200
0.00125
-0.0075
-0.0050
-0.00300
-0.00200
-0.00125
0.0075
0.0050
0.00300
0.00200
0.00125
-0.0075
-0.0050
-0.00300
-0.00200
-0.00125
0.0090
0.0060
0.00400
0.00250
0.00175
-0.0090
-0.0060
-0.00400
-0.00250
-0.00175
0.0090
0.0060
0.00400
0.00250
0.00175
-0.0090
-0.0060
-0.00400
-0.00250
-0.00175
0.0090
0.0060
0.00400
0.00250
0.00175
-0.0090
-0.0060
-0.00400
-0.00250
-0.00175
0.0100
0.0070
0.00500
0.00350
0.00225
-0.0100
-0.0070
-0.00500
-0.00350
-0.00225
0.0100
0.0070
0.00500
0.00350
0.00225
-0.0100
-0.0070
-0.00500
-0.00350
-0.00225
0.0100
0.0070
0.00500
0.00350
0.00225
-0.0100
-0.0070
-0.00500
-0.00350
-0.00225
0.0115
0.0080
0.00600
0.00400
0.00300
-0.0115
-0.0080
-0.00600
-0.00400
-0.00300
0.0115
0.0080
0.00600
0.00400
0.00300
-0.0115
-0.0080
-0.00600
-0.00400
-0.00300
0.0125
0.0090
0.00650
0.00450
0.00350
-0.0125
-0.0090
-0.00650
-0.00450
-0.00350
0.0125
0.0090
0.00650
0.00450
0.00350
-0.0125
-0.0090
-0.00650
-0.00450
-0.00350
0.0135
0.0100
0.00750
0.00500
0.00400
-0.0135
-0.0100
-0.00750
-0.00500
-0.00400
0.0135
0.0100
0.00750
0.00500
0.00400
-0.0135
-0.0100
-0.00750
-0.00500
-0.00400
TABLE 6-24 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (k9 ... k4, m9 ... m4) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
0
3
3
6
6
10
10
14
14
18
18
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
k9
0.025
k8
0.014
k7
0.010
k6
0.006
k5
0.004
k4
0.003
m9
0.027
m8
0.016
m7
0.012
m6
0.008
m5
0.006
m4
0.005
0.000
0.030
0.000
0.036
0.000
0.043
0.000
0.043
0.000
0.052
0.000
0.052
0.000
0.062
0.000
0.062
0.000
0.074
0.000
0.074
0.000
0.087
0.000
0.087
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.100
0.000
0.115
0.000
0.115
0.000
0.115
0.000
0.130
0.000
0.130
0.000
0.140
0.000
0.140
0.000
0.155
0.000
0.155
0.000
0.000
0.018
0.000
0.022
0.000
0.027
0.000
0.027
0.000
0.033
0.000
0.033
0.000
0.039
0.000
0.039
0.000
0.046
0.000
0.046
0.000
0.054
0.000
0.054
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.063
0.000
0.072
0.000
0.072
0.000
0.072
0.000
0.081
0.000
0.081
0.000
0.089
0.000
0.089
0.000
0.097
0.000
0.097
0.000
0.000
0.013
0.001
0.016
0.001
0.019
0.001
0.019
0.001
0.023
0.002
0.023
0.002
0.027
0.002
0.027
0.002
0.032
0.002
0.032
0.002
0.038
0.003
0.038
0.003
0.043
0.003
0.043
0.003
0.043
0.003
0.050
0.004
0.050
0.004
0.050
0.004
0.056
0.004
0.056
0.004
0.061
0.004
0.061
0.004
0.068
0.005
0.068
0.005
0.000
0.009
0.001
0.010
0.001
0.012
0.001
0.012
0.001
0.015
0.002
0.015
0.002
0.018
0.002
0.018
0.002
0.021
0.002
0.021
0.002
0.025
0.003
0.025
0.003
0.028
0.003
0.028
0.003
0.028
0.003
0.033
0.004
0.033
0.004
0.033
0.004
0.036
0.004
0.036
0.004
0.040
0.004
0.040
0.004
0.045
0.005
0.045
0.005
0.000
0.006
0.001
0.007
0.001
0.009
0.001
0.009
0.001
0.011
0.002
0.011
0.002
0.013
0.002
0.013
0.002
0.015
0.002
0.015
0.002
0.018
0.003
0.018
0.003
0.021
0.003
0.021
0.003
0.021
0.003
0.024
0.004
0.024
0.004
0.024
0.004
0.027
0.004
0.027
0.004
0.029
0.004
0.029
0.004
0.032
0.005
0.032
0.005
0.000
0.005
0.001
0.005
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.008
0.002
0.008
0.002
0.009
0.002
0.009
0.002
0.010
0.002
0.010
0.002
0.013
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.015
0.003
0.015
0.003
0.015
0.003
0.018
0.004
0.018
0.004
0.018
0.004
0.020
0.004
0.020
0.004
0.022
0.004
0.022
0.004
0.025
0.005
0.025
0.005
0.002
0.034
0.004
0.042
0.006
0.050
0.007
0.050
0.007
0.060
0.008
0.060
0.008
0.071
0.009
0.071
0.009
0.085
0.011
0.085
0.011
0.100
0.013
0.100
0.013
0.115
0.015
0.115
0.015
0.115
0.015
0.132
0.017
0.132
0.017
0.132
0.017
0.150
0.020
0.150
0.020
0.161
0.021
0.161
0.021
0.178
0.023
0.178
0.023
0.002
0.022
0.004
0.028
0.006
0.034
0.007
0.034
0.007
0.041
0.008
0.041
0.008
0.048
0.009
0.048
0.009
0.057
0.011
0.057
0.011
0.067
0.013
0.067
0.013
0.078
0.015
0.078
0.015
0.078
0.015
0.089
0.017
0.089
0.017
0.089
0.017
0.101
0.020
0.101
0.020
0.110
0.021
0.110
0.021
0.120
0.023
0.120
0.023
0.002
0.016
0.004
0.021
0.006
0.025
0.007
0.025
0.007
0.029
0.008
0.029
0.008
0.034
0.009
0.034
0.009
0.041
0.011
0.041
0.011
0.048
0.013
0.048
0.013
0.055
0.015
0.055
0.015
0.055
0.015
0.063
0.017
0.063
0.017
0.063
0.017
0.072
0.020
0.072
0.020
0.078
0.021
0.078
0.021
0.086
0.023
0.086
0.023
0.002
0.012
0.004
0.015
0.006
0.018
0.007
0.018
0.007
0.021
0.008
0.021
0.008
0.025
0.009
0.025
0.009
0.030
0.011
0.030
0.011
0.035
0.013
0.035
0.013
0.040
0.015
0.040
0.015
0.040
0.015
0.046
0.017
0.046
0.017
0.046
0.017
0.052
0.020
0.052
0.020
0.057
0.021
0.057
0.021
0.063
0.023
0.063
0.023
0.002
0.009
0.004
0.012
0.006
0.015
0.007
0.015
0.007
0.017
0.008
0.017
0.008
0.020
0.009
0.020
0.009
0.024
0.011
0.024
0.011
0.028
0.013
0.028
0.013
0.033
0.015
0.033
0.015
0.033
0.015
0.037
0.017
0.037
0.017
0.037
0.017
0.043
0.020
0.043
0.020
0.046
0.021
0.046
0.021
0.050
0.023
0.050
0.023
0.002
0.008
0.004
0.010
0.006
0.012
0.007
0.012
0.007
0.014
0.008
0.014
0.008
0.016
0.009
0.016
0.009
0.019
0.011
0.019
0.011
0.023
0.013
0.023
0.013
0.027
0.015
0.027
0.015
0.027
0.015
0.031
0.017
0.031
0.017
0.031
0.017
0.036
0.020
0.036
0.020
0.039
0.021
0.039
0.021
0.043
0.023
0.043
0.023
TABLE 6-25 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (n9 ... n4, p9 ... p4) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER 100
TO
120
OVER 120
TO
140
OVER 140
TO
160
OVER 160
TO
180
OVER 180
TO
200
OVER 200
TO
225
OVER 225
TO
250
OVER 250
TO
280
OVER 280
TO
315
OVER 315
TO
355
OVER 355
TO
400
OVER 400
TO
450
OVER 450
TO
500
n9
0.029
0.004
0.038
0.008
0.046
0.010
0.055
0.012
0.055
0.012
0.067
0.015
0.067
0.015
0.079
0.017
0.079
0.017
0.094
0.020
0.094
0.020
0.110
0.023
0.110
0.023
0.127
0.027
0.127
0.027
0.127
0.027
0.146
0.031
0.146
0.031
0.146
0.031
0.164
0.034
0.164
0.034
0.177
0.037
0.177
0.037
0.195
0.040
0.195
0.040
n8
0.018
0.004
0.026
0.008
0.032
0.010
0.039
0.012
0.039
0.012
0.048
0.015
0.048
0.015
0.056
0.017
0.056
0.017
0.066
0.020
0.066
0.020
0.077
0.023
0.077
0.023
0.090
0.027
0.090
0.027
0.090
0.027
0.103
0.031
0.103
0.031
0.103
0.031
0.115
0.034
0.115
0.034
0.126
0.037
0.126
0.037
0.137
0.040
0.137
0.040
n7
0.014
0.004
0.020
0.008
0.025
0.010
0.030
0.012
0.030
0.012
0.036
0.015
0.036
0.015
0.042
0.017
0.042
0.017
0.050
0.020
0.050
0.020
0.058
0.023
0.058
0.023
0.067
0.027
0.067
0.027
0.067
0.027
0.077
0.031
0.077
0.031
0.077
0.031
0.086
0.034
0.086
0.034
0.094
0.037
0.094
0.037
0.103
0.040
0.103
0.040
n6
0.010
0.004
0.016
0.008
0.019
0.010
0.023
0.012
0.023
0.012
0.028
0.015
0.028
0.015
0.033
0.017
0.033
0.017
0.039
0.020
0.039
0.020
0.045
0.023
0.045
0.023
0.052
0.027
0.052
0.027
0.052
0.027
0.060
0.031
0.060
0.031
0.060
0.031
0.066
0.034
0.066
0.034
0.073
0.037
0.073
0.037
0.080
0.040
0.080
0.040
n5
0.008
0.004
0.013
0.008
0.016
0.010
0.020
0.012
0.020
0.012
0.024
0.015
0.024
0.015
0.028
0.017
0.028
0.017
0.033
0.020
0.033
0.020
0.038
0.023
0.038
0.023
0.045
0.027
0.045
0.027
0.045
0.027
0.051
0.031
0.051
0.031
0.051
0.031
0.057
0.034
0.057
0.034
0.062
0.037
0.062
0.037
0.067
0.040
0.067
0.040
n4
0.007
0.004
0.012
0.008
0.014
0.010
0.017
0.012
0.017
0.012
0.021
0.015
0.021
0.015
0.024
0.017
0.024
0.017
0.028
0.020
0.028
0.020
0.033
0.023
0.033
0.023
0.039
0.027
0.039
0.027
0.039
0.027
0.045
0.031
0.045
0.031
0.045
0.031
0.050
0.034
0.050
0.034
0.055
0.037
0.055
0.037
0.060
0.040
0.060
0.040
p9
0.031
0.006
0.042
0.012
0.051
0.015
0.061
0.018
0.061
0.018
0.074
0.022
0.074
0.022
0.088
0.026
0.088
0.026
0.106
0.032
0.106
0.032
0.124
0.037
0.124
0.037
0.143
0.043
0.143
0.043
0.143
0.043
0.165
0.050
0.165
0.050
0.165
0.050
0.186
0.056
0.186
0.056
0.202
0.062
0.202
0.062
0.223
0.068
0.223
0.068
p8
0.020
0.006
0.030
0.012
0.037
0.015
0.045
0.018
0.045
0.018
0.055
0.022
0.055
0.022
0.065
0.026
0.065
0.026
0.078
0.032
0.078
0.032
0.091
0.037
0.091
0.037
0.106
0.043
0.106
0.043
0.106
0.043
0.122
0.050
0.122
0.050
0.122
0.050
0.137
0.056
0.137
0.056
0.151
0.062
0.151
0.062
0.165
0.068
0.165
0.068
p7
0.016
0.006
0.024
0.012
0.030
0.015
0.036
0.018
0.036
0.018
0.043
0.022
0.043
0.022
0.051
0.026
0.051
0.026
0.062
0.032
0.062
0.032
0.072
0.037
0.072
0.037
0.083
0.043
0.083
0.043
0.083
0.043
0.096
0.050
0.096
0.050
0.096
0.050
0.108
0.056
0.108
0.056
0.119
0.062
0.119
0.062
0.131
0.068
0.131
0.068
p6
0.012
0.006
0.020
0.012
0.024
0.015
0.029
0.018
0.029
0.018
0.035
0.022
0.035
0.022
0.042
0.026
0.042
0.026
0.051
0.032
0.051
0.032
0.059
0.037
0.059
0.037
0.068
0.043
0.068
0.043
0.068
0.043
0.079
0.050
0.079
0.050
0.079
0.050
0.088
0.056
0.088
0.056
0.098
0.062
0.098
0.062
0.108
0.068
0.108
0.068
p5
0.010
0.006
0.017
0.012
0.021
0.015
0.026
0.018
0.026
0.018
0.031
0.022
0.031
0.022
0.037
0.026
0.037
0.026
0.045
0.032
0.045
0.032
0.052
0.037
0.052
0.037
0.061
0.043
0.061
0.043
0.061
0.043
0.070
0.050
0.070
0.050
0.070
0.050
0.079
0.056
0.079
0.056
0.087
0.062
0.087
0.062
0.095
0.068
0.095
0.068
p4
0.009
0.006
0.016
0.012
0.019
0.015
0.023
0.018
0.023
0.018
0.028
0.022
0.028
0.022
0.033
0.026
0.033
0.026
0.040
0.032
0.040
0.032
0.047
0.037
0.047
0.037
0.055
0.043
0.055
0.043
0.055
0.043
0.064
0.050
0.064
0.050
0.064
0.050
0.072
0.056
0.072
0.056
0.080
0.062
0.080
0.062
0.088
0.068
0.088
0.068
TABLE 6-26 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (r9 ... r4, s9 ... s4) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER 100
TO
120
OVER 120
TO
140
OVER 140
TO
160
OVER 160
TO
180
OVER 180
TO
200
OVER 200
TO
225
OVER 225
TO
250
OVER 250
TO
280
OVER 280
TO
315
OVER 315
TO
355
OVER 355
TO
400
OVER 400
TO
450
OVER 450
TO
500
r9
0.035
0.010
0.045
0.015
0.055
0.019
0.066
0.023
0.066
0.023
0.080
0.028
0.080
0.028
0.096
0.034
0.096
0.034
0.115
0.041
0.117
0.043
0.138
0.051
0.141
0.054
0.163
0.063
0.165
0.065
0.168
0.068
0.192
0.077
0.195
0.080
0.199
0.084
0.224
0.094
0.228
0.098
0.248
0.108
0.254
0.114
0.281
0.126
0.287
0.132
r8
0.024
0.010
0.033
0.015
0.041
0.019
0.050
0.023
0.050
0.023
0.061
0.028
0.061
0.028
0.073
0.034
0.073
0.034
0.087
0.041
0.089
0.043
0.105
0.051
0.108
0.054
0.126
0.063
0.128
0.065
0.131
0.068
0.149
0.077
0.152
0.080
0.156
0.084
0.175
0.094
0.179
0.098
0.197
0.108
0.203
0.114
0.223
0.126
0.229
0.132
r7
0.020
0.010
0.027
0.015
0.034
0.019
0.041
0.023
0.041
0.023
0.049
0.028
0.049
0.028
0.059
0.034
0.059
0.034
0.071
0.041
0.073
0.043
0.086
0.051
0.089
0.054
0.103
0.063
0.105
0.065
0.108
0.068
0.123
0.077
0.126
0.080
0.130
0.084
0.146
0.094
0.150
0.098
0.165
0.108
0.171
0.114
0.189
0.126
0.195
0.132
r6
0.016
0.010
0.023
0.015
0.028
0.019
0.034
0.023
0.034
0.023
0.041
0.028
0.041
0.028
0.050
0.034
0.050
0.034
0.060
0.041
0.062
0.043
0.073
0.051
0.076
0.054
0.088
0.063
0.090
0.065
0.093
0.068
0.106
0.077
0.109
0.080
0.113
0.084
0.126
0.094
0.130
0.098
0.144
0.108
0.150
0.114
0.166
0.126
0.172
0.132
r5
0.014
0.010
0.020
0.015
0.025
0.019
0.031
0.023
0.031
0.023
0.037
0.028
0.037
0.028
0.045
0.034
0.045
0.034
0.054
0.041
0.056
0.043
0.066
0.051
0.069
0.054
0.081
0.063
0.083
0.065
0.086
0.068
0.097
0.077
0.100
0.080
0.104
0.084
0.117
0.094
0.121
0.098
0.133
0.108
0.139
0.114
0.153
0.126
0.159
0.132
r4
0.013
0.010
0.019
0.015
0.023
0.019
0.028
0.023
0.028
0.023
0.034
0.028
0.034
0.028
0.041
0.034
0.041
0.034
0.049
0.041
0.051
0.043
0.061
0.051
0.064
0.054
0.075
0.063
0.077
0.065
0.080
0.068
0.091
0.077
0.094
0.080
0.098
0.084
0.110
0.094
0.114
0.098
0.126
0.108
0.132
0.114
0.146
0.126
0.152
0.132
s9
0.039
0.014
0.049
0.019
0.059
0.023
0.071
0.028
0.071
0.028
0.087
0.035
0.087
0.035
0.105
0.043
0.105
0.043
0.127
0.053
0.133
0.059
0.158
0.071
0.166
0.079
0.192
0.092
0.200
0.100
0.208
0.108
0.237
0.122
0.245
0.130
0.255
0.140
0.288
0.158
0.300
0.170
0.330
0.190
0.348
0.208
0.387
0.232
0.407
0.252
s8
0.028
0.014
0.037
0.019
0.045
0.023
0.055
0.028
0.055
0.028
0.068
0.035
0.068
0.035
0.082
0.043
0.082
0.043
0.099
0.053
0.105
0.059
0.125
0.071
0.133
0.079
0.155
0.092
0.163
0.100
0.171
0.108
0.194
0.122
0.202
0.130
0.212
0.140
0.239
0.158
0.251
0.170
0.279
0.190
0.297
0.208
0.329
0.232
0.349
0.252
s7
0.024
0.014
0.031
0.019
0.038
0.023
0.046
0.028
0.046
0.028
0.056
0.035
0.056
0.035
0.068
0.043
0.068
0.043
0.083
0.053
0.089
0.059
0.106
0.071
0.114
0.079
0.132
0.092
0.140
0.100
0.148
0.108
0.168
0.122
0.176
0.130
0.186
0.140
0.210
0.158
0.222
0.170
0.247
0.190
0.265
0.208
0.295
0.232
0.315
0.252
s6
0.020
0.014
0.027
0.019
0.032
0.023
0.039
0.028
0.039
0.028
0.048
0.035
0.048
0.035
0.059
0.043
0.059
0.043
0.072
0.053
0.078
0.059
0.093
0.071
0.101
0.079
0.117
0.092
0.125
0.100
0.133
0.108
0.151
0.122
0.159
0.130
0.169
0.140
0.190
0.158
0.202
0.170
0.226
0.190
0.244
0.208
0.272
0.232
0.292
0.252
s5
0.018
0.014
0.024
0.019
0.029
0.023
0.036
0.028
0.036
0.028
0.044
0.035
0.044
0.035
0.540
0.043
0.540
0.043
0.066
0.053
0.072
0.059
0.086
0.071
0.094
0.079
0.110
0.092
0.118
0.100
0.126
0.108
0.142
0.122
0.150
0.130
0.160
0.140
0.181
0.158
0.193
0.170
0.215
0.190
0.233
0.208
0.259
0.232
0.279
0.252
s4
0.017
0.014
0.023
0.019
0.027
0.023
0.033
0.028
0.033
0.028
0.041
0.035
0.041
0.035
0.050
0.043
0.050
0.043
0.061
0.053
0.067
0.059
0.081
0.071
0.089
0.079
0.104
0.092
0.112
0.100
0.120
0.108
0.136
0.122
0.144
0.130
0.154
0.140
0.174
0.158
0.186
0.170
0.208
0.190
0.226
0.208
0.252
0.232
0.272
0.252
TABLE 6-27 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (t9 ... t4, u9 ... u4) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
t9
t8
t7
t6
t5
t4
u9
0.043
u8
0.032
u7
0.028
u6
0.024
u5
0.022
u4
0.021
TO
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
OVER
0.053
0.041
0.035
0.031
0.028
0.027
TO
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.023
0.023
OVER
0.064
0.050
0.043
0.037
0.034
0.032
TO
10
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
OVER
10
0.076
0.060
0.051
0.044
0.041
0.038
TO
14
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
OVER
14
0.076
0.060
0.051
0.044
0.041
0.038
TO
18
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
0.033
OVER
18
0.093
0.074
0.062
0.054
0.050
0.047
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
24
24
30
30
40
40
50
50
65
65
80
80
100
100
120
120
140
140
160
160
180
180
200
200
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
315
355
355
400
400
450
450
500
0.041
0.100
0.048
0.122
0.060
0.132
0.070
0.161
0.087
0.176
0.102
0.211
0.124
0.231
0.144
0.270
0.170
0.290
0.190
0.310
0.210
0.351
0.236
0.373
0.258
0.399
0.284
0.445
0.315
0.480
0.350
0.530
0.390
0.575
0.435
0.645
0.490
0.695
0.540
0.041
0.081
0.048
0.099
0.060
0.109
0.070
0.133
0.087
0.148
0.102
0.178
0.124
0.198
0.144
0.233
0.170
0.253
0.190
0.273
0.210
0.308
0.236
0.330
0.258
0.356
0.284
0.396
0.315
0.431
0.350
0.479
0.390
0.524
0.435
0.587
0.490
0.637
0.540
0.041
0.069
0.048
0.085
0.060
0.095
0.070
0.117
0.087
0.132
0.102
0.159
0.124
0.179
0.144
0.210
0.170
0.230
0.190
0.250
0.210
0.282
0.236
0.304
0.258
0.330
0.284
0.367
0.315
0.402
0.350
0.447
0.390
0.492
0.435
0.553
0.490
0.603
0.540
0.041
0.061
0.048
0.076
0.060
0.086
0.070
0.106
0.087
0.121
0.102
0.146
0.124
0.166
0.144
0.195
0.170
0.215
0.190
0.235
0.210
0.265
0.236
0.287
0.258
0.313
0.284
0.347
0.315
0.382
0.350
0.426
0.390
0.471
0.435
0.530
0.490
0.580
0.540
0.041
0.057
0.048
0.071
0.060
0.081
0.070
0.100
0.087
0.115
0.102
0.139
0.124
0.159
0.144
0.188
0.170
0.208
0.190
0.228
0.210
0.256
0.236
0.278
0.258
0.304
0.284
0.338
0.315
0.373
0.350
0.415
0.390
0.460
0.435
0.517
0.490
0.567
0.540
0.041
0.054
0.048
0.067
0.060
0.077
0.070
0.095
0.087
0.110
0.102
0.134
0.124
0.154
0.144
0.182
0.170
0.202
0.190
0.222
0.210
0.250
0.236
0.272
0.258
0.298
0.284
0.331
0.315
0.366
0.350
0.408
0.390
0.453
0.435
0.510
0.490
0.560
0.540
TOLERANCE ZONES IN
0.093
0.041
0.110
0.048
0.116
0.054
0.140
0.066
0.149
0.075
0.178
0.091
0.191
0.104
0.222
0.122
0.234
0.134
0.246
0.146
0.281
0.166
0.295
0.180
0.311
0.196
0.348
0.218
0.370
0.240
0.408
0.268
0.434
0.294
0.485
0.330
0.515
0.360
0.074
0.041
0.087
0.048
0.093
0.054
0.112
0.066
0.121
0.075
0.145
0.091
0.158
0.104
0.185
0.122
0.197
0.134
0.209
0.146
0.238
0.166
0.252
0.180
0.268
0.196
0.299
0.218
0.321
0.240
0.357
0.268
0.383
0.294
0.427
0.330
0.457
0.360
0.062
0.041
0.073
0.048
0.079
0.054
0.096
0.066
0.105
0.075
0.126
0.091
0.139
0.104
0.162
0.122
0.174
0.134
0.186
0.146
0.212
0.166
0.226
0.180
0.242
0.196
0.270
0.218
0.292
0.240
0.325
0.268
0.351
0.294
0.393
0.330
0.423
0.360
0.054
0.041
0.064
0.048
0.070
0.054
0.085
0.066
0.094
0.075
0.113
0.091
0.126
0.104
0.147
0.122
0.159
0.134
0.171
0.146
0.195
0.166
0.209
0.180
0.225
0.196
0.250
0.218
0.272
0.240
0.304
0.268
0.330
0.294
0.370
0.330
0.400
0.360
0.050
0.041
0.059
0.048
0.065
0.054
0.079
0.066
0.088
0.075
0.106
0.091
0.119
0.104
0.140
0.122
0.152
0.134
0.164
0.146
0.186
0.166
0.200
0.180
0.216
0.196
0.241
0.218
0.263
0.240
0.293
0.268
0.319
0.294
0.357
0.330
0.387
0.360
0.047
0.041
0.055
0.048
0.061
0.054
0.074
0.066
0.083
0.075
0.101
0.091
0.114
0.104
0.134
0.122
0.146
0.134
0.158
0.146
0.180
0.166
0.194
0.180
0.210
0.196
0.234
0.218
0.256
0.240
0.286
0.268
0.312
0.294
0.350
0.330
0.380
0.360
TABLE 6-28 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (v9 ... v4, x9 ... x4) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
v9
v8
v7
v6
v5
v4
x9
x8
x7
x6
x5
x4
OVER
0.045
0.034
0.030
0.026
0.024
0.023
TO
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
0.020
OVER
0.058
0.046
0.040
0.036
0.033
0.032
TO
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
0.028
OVER
0.070
0.056
0.049
0.043
0.040
0.038
TO
10
0.034
0.034
0.034
0.034
0.034
0.034
OVER
10
0.083
0.067
0.058
0.051
0.048
0.045
TO
14
OVER
TO
14
18
OVER
18
0.040
0.088
0.045
0.106
0.054
0.116
0.064
0.142
0.080
0.159
0.097
0.196
0.122
0.220
0.146
0.265
0.178
0.297
0.210
0.348
0.248
0.380
0.280
0.410
0.310
0.465
0.350
0.500
0.385
0.540
0.425
0.605
0.475
0.655
0.525
0.730
0.590
0.800
0.660
0.895
0.740
0.975
0.820
0.040
0.072
0.045
0.087
0.054
0.097
0.064
0.119
0.080
0.136
0.097
0.168
0.122
0.192
0.146
0.232
0.178
0.264
0.210
0.311
0.248
0.343
0.280
0.373
0.310
0.422
0.350
0.457
0.385
0.497
0.425
0.556
0.475
0.606
0.525
0.679
0.590
0.749
0.660
0.837
0.740
0.917
0.820
0.040
0.063
0.045
0.075
0.054
0.085
0.064
0.105
0.080
0.122
0.097
0.152
0.122
0.176
0.146
0.213
0.178
0.245
0.210
0.288
0.248
0.320
0.280
0.350
0.310
0.396
0.350
0.431
0.385
0.471
0.425
0.527
0.475
0.577
0.525
0.647
0.590
0.717
0.660
0.803
0.740
0.883
0.820
0.040
0.056
0.045
0.067
0.054
0.077
0.064
0.096
0.080
0.113
0.097
0.141
0.122
0.165
0.146
0.200
0.178
0.232
0.210
0.273
0.248
0.305
0.280
0.335
0.310
0.379
0.350
0.414
0.385
0.454
0.425
0.507
0.475
0.557
0.525
0.626
0.590
0.696
0.660
0.780
0.740
0.860
0.820
0.040
0.053
0.045
0.063
0.054
0.073
0.064
0.091
0.080
0.108
0.097
0.135
0.122
0.159
0.146
0.193
0.178
0.225
0.210
0.266
0.248
0.298
0.280
0.328
0.310
0.370
0.350
0.405
0.385
0.445
0.425
0.498
0.475
0.548
0.525
0.615
0.590
0.685
0.660
0.767
0.740
0.847
0.820
0.040
0.050
0.045
0.060
0.054
0.070
0.064
0.087
0.080
0.104
0.097
0.130
0.122
0.154
0.146
0.188
0.178
0.220
0.210
0.260
0.248
0.292
0.280
0.322
0.310
0.364
0.350
0.399
0.385
0.439
0.425
0.491
0.475
0.541
0.525
0.608
0.590
0.678
0.660
0.760
0.740
0.840
0.820
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
OVER
40
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
TO
65
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER
100
TO
120
OVER
TO
120
140
OVER
140
TO
160
OVER
TO
OVER
160
180
180
TO
200
OVER
TO
OVER
TO
OVER
200
225
225
250
250
TO
280
OVER
280
TO
315
OVER
TO
315
355
OVER
355
TO
OVER
TO
400
400
450
OVER
450
TO
500

TOLERANCE ZONES IN
0.082
0.039
0.099
0.047
0.107
0.055
0.130
0.068
0.143
0.081
0.176
0.102
0.194
0.120
0.233
0.146
0.259
0.172
0.302
0.202
0.328
0.228
0.352
0.252
0.399
0.284
0.425
0.310
0.455
0.340
0.515
0.385
0.555
0.425
0.615
0.475
0.670
0.530
0.750
0.595
0.815
0.660
0.066
0.039
0.080
0.047
0.088
0.055
0.107
0.068
0.120
0.081
0.148
0.102
0.166
0.120
0.200
0.146
0.226
0.172
0.265
0.202
0.291
0.228
0.315
0.252
0.356
0.284
0.382
0.310
0.412
0.340
0.466
0.385
0.506
0.425
0.564
0.475
0.619
0.530
0.692
0.595
0.757
0.660
0.057
0.039
0.068
0.047
0.076
0.055
0.093
0.068
0.106
0.081
0.132
0.102
0.150
0.120
0.181
0.146
0.207
0.172
0.242
0.202
0.268
0.228
0.292
0.252
0.330
0.284
0.356
0.310
0.386
0.340
0.437
0.385
0.477
0.425
0.532
0.475
0.587
0.530
0.658
0.595
0.723
0.660
0.050
0.039
0.060
0.047
0.068
0.055
0.084
0.068
0.097
0.081
0.121
0.102
0.139
0.120
0.168
0.146
0.194
0.172
0.227
0.202
0.253
0.228
0.277
0.252
0.313
0.284
0.339
0.310
0.369
0.340
0.417
0.385
0.457
0.425
0.511
0.475
0.566
0.530
0.635
0.595
0.700
0.660
0.047
0.039
0.056
0.047
0.064
0.055
0.079
0.068
0.092
0.081
0.115
0.102
0.133
0.120
0.161
0.146
0.187
0.172
0.220
0.202
0.246
0.228
0.270
0.252
0.304
0.284
0.330
0.310
0.360
0.340
0.408
0.385
0.448
0.425
0.500
0.475
0.555
0.530
0.622
0.595
0.687
0.660
0.044
0.039
0.053
0.047
0.061
0.055
0.075
0.068
0.088
0.081
0.110
0.102
0.128
0.120
0.156
0.146
0.182
0.172
0.214
0.202
0.240
0.228
0.264
0.252
0.298
0.284
0.324
0.310
0.354
0.340
0.401
0.385
0.441
0.425
0.493
0.475
0.548
0.530
0.615
0.595
0.680
0.660
TABLE 6-29 TOLERANCE ZONES - EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS (SHAFTS) (y9 ... y4, z9 ... z4) (ANSI B4.2)
mm
SIZE
OVER
0
TO
3
OVER
3
TO
6
OVER
6
TO
10
OVER
10
TO
14
OVER
14
TO
18
OVER
18
TO
24
OVER
24
TO
30
OVER
30
TO
40
OVER
40
TO
50
OVER
50
TO
65
OVER
65
TO
80
OVER
80
TO
100
OVER 100
TO
120
OVER 120
TO
140
OVER 140
TO
160
OVER 160
TO
180
OVER 180
TO
200
OVER 200
TO
225
OVER 225
TO
250
OVER 250
TO
280
OVER 280
TO
315
OVER 315
TO
355
OVER 355
TO
400
OVER 400
TO
450
OVER 456
TO
500
y9
y8
y7
y6
y5
y4
0.072
0.063
0.084
0.075
0.105
0.094
0.125
0.114
0.157
0.144
0.187
0.174
0.229
0.214
0.269
0.254
0.318
0.300
0.358
0.340
0.398
0.380
0.445
0.425
0.490
0.470
0.540
0.520
0.603
0.580
0.673
0.650
0.755
0.730
0.845
0.820
0.947
0.920
1.027
1.000
0.069
0.063
0.081
0.075
0.101
0.094
0.121
0.114
0.152
0.144
0.182
0.174
0.224
0.214
0.264
0.254
0.312
0.300
0.352
0.340
0.392
0.380
0.439
0.425
0.484
0.470
0.534
0.520
0.596
0.580
0.666
0.650
0.748
0.730
0.838
0.820
0.940
0.920
1.020
1.000

TOLERANCE ZONES IN
0.115
0.063
0.127
0.075
0.156
0.094
0.176
0.114
0.218
0.144
0.248
0.174
0.301
0.214
0.341
0.254
0.400
0.300
0.440
0.340
0.480
0.380
0.540
0.425
0.585
0.470
0.635
0.520
0.710
0.580
0.780
0.650
0.870
0.730
0.960
0.820
1.075
0.920
1.155
1.000
0.096
0.063
0.108
0.075
0.133
0.094
0.153
0.114
0.190
0.144
0.220
0.174
0.268
0.214
0.308
0.254
0.363
0.300
0.403
0.340
0.443
0.380
0.497
0.425
0.542
0.470
0.592
0.520
0.661
0.580
0.731
0.650
0.819
0.730
0.909
0.820
1.017
0.920
1.097
1.000
0.084
0.063
0.096
0.075
0.119
0.094
0.139
0.114
0.174
0.144
0.204
0.174
0.249
0.214
0.289
0.254
0.340
0.300
0.380
0.340
0.420
0.380
0.471
0.425
0.516
0.470
0.566
0.520
0.632
0.580
0.702
0.650
0.787
0.730
0.877
0.820
0.983
0.920
1.063
1.000
0.076
0.063
0.088
0.075
0.110
0.094
0.130
0.114
0.163
0.144
0.193
0.174
0.236
0.214
0.276
0.254
0.325
0.300
0.365
0.340
0.405
0.380
0.454
0.425
0.499
0.470
0.549
0.520
0.612
0.580
0.682
0.650
0.766
0.730
0.856
0.820
0.960
0.920
1.040
1.000
z9
0.051
0.026
0.065
0.035
0.078
0.042
0.093
0.050
0.103
0.060
0.125
0.073
0.140
0.088
0.174
0.112
0.198
0.136
0.246
0.172
0.284
0.210
0.345
0.258
0.397
0.310
0.465
0.365
0.515
0.415
0.565
0.465
0.635
0.520
0.690
0.575
0.755
0.640
0.840
0.710
0.920
0.790
1.040
0.900
1.140
1.000
1.255
1.100
1.405
1.250
z8
0.040
0.026
0.053
0.035
0.064
0.042
0.077
0.050
0.087
0.060
0.106
0.073
0.121
0.088
0.151
0.112
0.175
0.136
0.218
0.172
0.256
0.210
0.312
0.258
0.364
0.310
0.428
0.365
0.478
0.415
0.528
0.465
0.592
0.520
0.647
0.575
0.712
0.640
0.791
0.710
0.871
0.790
0.989
0.900
1.089
1.000
1.197
1.100
1.347
1.250
z7
0.036
0.026
0.047
0.035
0.057
0.042
0.068
0.050
0.078
0.060
0.094
0.073
0.109
0.088
0.137
0.112
0.161
0.136
0.202
0.172
0.240
0.210
0.293
0.258
0.345
0.310
0.405
0.365
0.455
0.415
0.505
0.465
0.566
0.520
0.621
0.575
0.686
0.640
0.762
0.710
0.842
0.790
0.957
0.900
1.057
1.000
1.163
1.100
1.313
1.250
z6
0.032
0.026
0.043
0.035
0.051
0.042
0.061
0.050
0.071
0.060
0.086
0.073
0.101
0.088
0.128
0.112
0.152
0.136
0.191
0.172
0.229
0.210
0.280
0.258
0.332
0.310
0.390
0.365
0.440
0.415
0.490
0.465
0.549
0.520
0.604
0.575
0.669
0.640
0.742
0.710
0.822
0.790
0.936
0.900
1.036
1.000
1.140
1.100
1.290
1.250
z5
0.030
0.026
0.040
0.035
0.048
0.042
0.058
0.050
0.068
0.060
0.082
0.073
0.097
0.088
0.123
0.112
0.147
0.136
0.185
0.172
0.223
0.210
0.273
0.258
0.325
0.310
0.383
0.365
0.433
0.415
0.483
0.465
0.540
0.520
0.595
0.575
0.660
0.640
0.733
0.710
0.813
0.790
0.925
0.900
1.025
1.000
1.127
1.100
1.277
1.250
z4
0.029
0.026
0.039
0.035
0.046
0.042
0.055
0.050
0.065
0.060
0.079
0.073
0.094
0.088
0.119
0.112
0.143
0.136
0.180
0.172
0.218
0.210
0.268
0.258
0.320
0.310
0.377
0.365
0.427
0.415
0.477
0.465
0.534
0.520
0.589
0.575
0.654
0.640
0.726
0.710
0.806
0.790
0.918
0.900
1.018
1.000
1.120
1.100
1.270
1.250
FIG. 6-3 ILLUSTRATIONS OF DEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION
The ISO System of Limits and Fits (referred to as the ISO system) is covered in national standards throughout the world, as
shown by the following list:
Global
USA
Japan
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Australia
ISO 286
ANSI B4.2
JIS B0401
DIN 7160//61
NF E 02-100-122
BSI 4500
UNI 6388
AS 1654
HISTORY OF THE ISO SYSTEM

The present ISO system is based on the ISA System of Limits and Fits published in ISA Bulletin 25 (1940), and on comments
included in the Draft Final Report of ISA Committee 3, December 1935. The unification of the various national systems of limits
and fits was one of the essential tasks discussed at the initial conference of the ISA in New York, in April, 1926. The same year
the Secretariat of ISA Committee 3, Limits and Fits, was entrusted to the Germany Standardizing Association, and needless to
say, the system was all metric from the start.
USAGE
The ISO System of Limits and Fits is now in extensive use in Europe.
An increasing number of drawings issued throughout the world specify the tolerances with the ISO symbols only. The ISO
system for tolerances and gages is fully covered in ANSI B4.2 and B4.4M.
Cutting tools, material stock, and gages held to ISO tolerances are available in many major industrial countries. It is
recommended that a similar specification in USA standards be provided if the worldwide manufacture of products is a defined
goal.
BASES
Temperature. The standard reference temperature for industrial length measurement is 200C (680F).
DEFINITIONS
The most important terms relating to limits and fits are as shown in Fig. 6-3. The terms are defined below.
basic size the size to which limits or deviations are assigned. The basic size is the same for both members of a fit. It is
designated by the number 40 in 40H7.
deviation the algebraic difference between a size and the corresponding basic size
upper deviation the algebraical difference between the maximum limit of size and the corresponding basic size
lower deviation the algebraic difference between the minimum limit of size and the corresponding basic size
fundamental deviation the one of the two deviations closest to the basic size. It is designated by the letter H in 40H7
tolerance the difference between the maximum and minimum size limits on a part
tolerance zone a zone representing the tolerance and its position in relation to the basic size
international tolerance grade (IT) a group of tolerances which vary depending on the basic size, but which provide the same
relative level of accuracy within a given grade. It is designated by the number 7 in 40H7 (IT7).
hole basis the system of fits where the minimum hole size is basic. The fundamental deviation for a hole basis system is H.
shaft basis the system of fits where the maximum shaft size is basic. The fundamental deviation for a shaft basis system is
h.
clearance fit the relationship between assembled parts when clearance occurs under all tolerance conditions
interference fit the relationship between assembled parts when interference occurs under all tolerance conditions
transition the relationship between assembled parts when either a clearance or interference fit can result depending on the
tolerance conditions of the mating parts
DESCRIPTION OF TOLERANCE DESIGNATION

An International Tolerance grade establishes the magnitude of the tolerance zone or the amount of part size variation
allowed for internal and external dimensions alike (see Fig. 6-3). Tolerances are expressed in grade number, which are
consistent with International Tolerance grades identified by the prefix IT, i.e., IT6, IT11, etc. A smaller grade number provides
a smaller tolerance zone.
A fundamental deviation establishes the position of the tolerance zone with respect to the basic size (see Fig. 6-3).
Fundamental deviations are expressed by tolerance position letters. Capital letters are used for internal dimensions, and lower
case or small letters are used for external dimensions.
Symbols
By combining the IT grade number and the tolerance position letter, the tolerance symbol is established which identifies the
actual maximum and minimum limits of the part. The toleranced sizes are thus defined by the basic size of the part followed by a
symbol composed of a letter and a number.
A fit is indicated by the basic size common to both components, followed by a symbol corresponding to each component, the
internal part symbol preceding the external part symbol.
Some methods of designating tolerances on drawings gages, etc. are shown in the following three examples.
(a) 40H8 (b) 40H8(40.039/40.000) (c) 40.039/40.000(40H8)
NOTE: Values in parentheses indicate reference only.
BILATERAL TOLERANCE SYSTEM

The ISO system of limits and fits has a full range of bilateral (two-sided) tolerances designated js and JS. The two symmetrical
deviations are IT/2 (one half of the International Tolerances grade).
UNILATERAL TOLERANCE SYSTEM

The ISO system of limits and fits, with all its possible combinations, includes two unilateral (one-sided) tolerancing methods
that are in common use. One tolerancing practice is based on a nominal hole (H, hole basis), the other on a nominal shaft (h,
shaft basis). The ISO system has been in use in Germany for over 60 years, and standards for selected fits have influenced the
European market for metric standard material sizes, measuring tools, couplings, collars, bearings, etc.
HOLE-BASIS OR SHAFT-BASIS FITS

The nominal H, hole-basis fit and h, shaft-basis fit tolerancing systems are both used, depending on each specific application.
The hole-basis system is used with stepped shaft designs. Standard gages for checking the hole-basis fits cost less than those
required for checking shaft-basis fits. In designs where a uniform-diameter shaft is used it is advantageous to employ the shaftbasis system. For example, in the case of driving shafts, a single shaft may have to accommodate a variety of accessories
such as couplings, bearings, collars, etc. Steel products toleranced to the shaft-basis system are supplied in a number of steel
grades and finishes throughout Europe. Both types of fits might be used on the same design.
PREFERRED FITS
ANSI B4.2 specifies the ten hole and shaft basis fits as shown in Table 6-1 and as illustrated in Fig. 6-4. Each of the ten hole
basis fits corresponds to a shaft basis fit with equal clearances for the same nominal size.
FIG. 6-4 PREFERRED HOLE BASIS FITS (ANSI B4.2)

The ten hole-basis preferred fits use the following tolerances:
Hole:
Shaft:
H7, H8, H9, H11

c11, d9, f7, g6, h6, k6, n6, p6, s6, u6
It might be desirable for a user to standardize on three, or even two, of the above hole tolerances. The shaft tolerances might
also be reduced to fit the requirements of certain types of products.
The ten shaft-basis preferred fits use the following tolerances:
Hole: C11, D9, F8, G7, H7, K7, N7, P7, S7, U7
Shaft: h6, h7, h9, h11
Note that many steel products shown in Chapter 10 are produced worldwide to the shaft tolerances shown above. The new
ANSI B32.100 standard specifies the above four shaft tolerances. An illustration of the ten shaft fits is shown in Fig. 6-5.
FIG. 6-5 PREFERRED SHAFT BASIS FITS (ANSI B4.2)
PRACTICAL USE OF IT GRADES

The machining process shown in Fig. 6-6 can, under normal conditions, produce the IT grades indicated. Practical usage of
the various IT tolerance grades is shown in Fig. 6-7. Numerical values for IT grades from IT1 through IT18 for basic series up to
3150 mm are shown in Table 6-30.
FIG. 6-6 MACHINING PROCESSES (ANSI B4.2)
FIG. 6-7 PRACTICAL USE OF INTERNATIONAL TOLERANCE GRADES (ANSI B4.2)
NON-TOLERANCED DIMENSIONS
The ISO system of limits and fits can be used on a great number of applications from the finest tolerances to the coarsest. The
tolerances are increasing with the nominal size in the ISO system. It is common practice in those countries that have used the
ISO system to apply a somewhat related system
to the non-toleranced dimensions on a drawing. It is now part of ISO 2768-1. The tolerances are dependent on the nominal sizes
and are shown in the following table.
TABLE 6-30 INTERNATIONAL TOLERANCE GRADES FOR BASIS SIZES UP TO 3150 mm AND IT GRADES
FROM IT1 THROUGH IT18 (ISO 286)
Basic size
mm
International tolerance (IT) grades

IT1
IT2
IT3
IT4
IT5
Up to
Above and including
-
IT6
IT7
IT8
IT9
IT10
IT11
IT12
IT13
IT14
60
0.1
0.14
0.25
IT15
IT16
IT17
IT18
0.4
0.6
1.4
Tolerances
micrometers
millimeters
0.8
1.2
10
14
25
40
1.5
2.5
12
18
30
48
75
0.12
0.18
0.3
0.48
0.75
1.2
1.8
10
1.5
2.5
15
22
36
58
90
0.15
0.22
0.36
0.58
0.9
1.5
2.2
10
18
1.2
11
18
27
43
70
110
0.18
0.27
0.43
0.7
1.1
1.8
2.7
18
30
1.5
2.5
13
21
33
52
84
130
0.21
0.33
0.52
0.84
1.3
2.1
3.3
30
50
1.5
2.5
11
16
25
39
62
100
160
0.25
0.39
0.62
1.6
2.5
3.9
50
80
13
19
30
46
74
120
190
0.3
0.46
0.74
1.2
1.9
4.6
80
120
2.5
10
15
22
35
54
87
140
220
0.35
0.54
0.87
1.4
2.2
3.5
5.4
120
180
3.5
12
18
25
40
63
100
160
250
0.4
0.63
1.6
2.5
14
6.3
180
250
4.5
10
14
20
29
46
72
115
185
290
0.46
0.72
1.15
1.85
2.9
4.6
7.2
250
315
12
16
23
32
52
81
130
210
320
0.52
0.81
1.3
2.1
3.2
5.2
8.1
315
400
13
18
25
36
57
89
140
230
360
0.57
0.89
1.4
2.3
3.6
5.7
8.9
400
500
10
15
20
27
40
63
97
155
250
400
0.63
0.97
1.55
2.5
6.3
9.7
500
630
11
16
22
32
44
70
110
175
280
440
0.7
1.1
1.75
2.8
4.4
11
630
800
10
13
18
25
36
50
80
125
200
320
500
0.8
1.25
3.2
12.5
B00
1000
11
15
21
28
40
56
90
140
230
360
560
0.9
1.4
2.3
3.6
5.6
14
1000
1250
13
18
24
33
47
66
105
165
260
420
660
1.05
1.65
2.6
4.2
6.6
10.5
16.5
1250
1600
15
21
29
39
55
78
125
195
310
500
780
1.25
1.95
3.1
7.8
12.5
19.5
1600
2000
18
25
35
46
65
92
150
230
370
600
920
1.5
2.3
3.7
9.2
15
23
2000
2500
22
30
41
55
78
110
175
280
440
700
1100
1.75
2.8
4.4
11
17.5
28
21
33
2500
3150
26
36
50
68
96
135
210
330
540
860
1350
2.1
3.3
5.4
8.6
13.5
NOTES:
1. Values for international tolerance grades IT01 and IT0 for basic sizes less than or equal to 500 mm are given in ISO 286-1, annex A, table 5.
2. Values for international tolerance grades IT1 to IT5 (incl) for basic sizes over 500 mm are included for experimental use.
3. International tolerance grades IT14 to IT18 (incl) shall not be used for basic sizes less than or equal to 1 mm.
TABLE 6-31 GENERAL TOLERANCE - LINEAR DIMENSIONS (ISO 2768-1)

mm
Tolerance class
Permissible deviations for basic size range
0.5
over
3
over
6
over
30
over
120
over
400
over
1000
over
2000
up to
3
up to
6
up to
30
up to
120
up to
400
up to
1000
up to
2000
up to
4000
Designation
Description
fine
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.5
medium
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2
coarse
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.2
very coarse
0.5
1.5
2.5
1. For nominal sizes below 0,5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size(s).
TOLERANCES ON ANGLES
The nominal size for an angle is the length (in mm) of the short leg.
Tolerances shown in Table 6-31 apply to the fine, medium, and coarse, and very coarse series specified in ISO 2768-1. Radii
and chamfer tolerances are shown in Table 6-32 and angular tolerances are given in Table 6-33.
TABLE 6-32 GENERAL TOLERANCE - RADII AND CHAMFERS (ISO 2768-1)

mm
Permissible deviations for basic size range
Tolerance class
Description
Designation
fine
medium
coarse
0.5 up to 3
over 3 up to 6
over 6
0.2
0.5
0.4
1
2
v
very coarse
NOTE: 1. For nominal sizes below 0.5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size(s).
TABLE 6-33 GENERAL TOLERANCE - ANGLES (ISO 2768-1)

Permissible deviations for ranges of lengths, in millimeters,
of the shorter side of the angle concerned
Tolerance class
Description
Designation
up to 10
over 10 up to 50
fine
medium
c
v
over 50 up to 120 over 120 up to 400
over 400
030'
020'
0 10'
05'
coarse
130'
030'
015'
010'
very coarse
030'
020'

17.040.10 Limits and fits
ISO 286-1: 2010 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes -- Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 286-2: 2010 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes -- Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and
limit deviations for holes and shafts
ISO 1101:2004 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerancing -- Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 1101 (Draft) Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerancing -- Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 1938-1: 2012 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional measuring equipment -- Part 1: Plain limit gauges of linear size
ISO 2768-1:1989 General tolerances -- Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications
ISO 2768-2:1989 General tolerances -- Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications
ISO 5458:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerancing -- Positional tolerancing
ISO 5459: 2011 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Geometrical tolerancing -- Datums and datum systems
ISO 8062:1994 Castings -- System of dimensional tolerances and machining allowances
ISO 8062-1:2007 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts -- Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO/PRF TS 8062-2 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts -- Part 2: Rules
ISO 8062-3:2007 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts -- Part 3: General dimensional and
geometrical tolerances and machining allowances for castings. ISO 8062-3:2007/Cor 1:2009
ISO 13920:1996 Welding -- General tolerances for welded constructions -- Dimensions for lengths and angles -- Shape and position
ISO 14405-1:2010 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Dimensional tolerancing -- Part 1: Linear sizes
ISO 14405-2:2011 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -- Dimensional tolerancing -- Part 2: Dimensions other than linear sizes
ISO HANDBOOKS
ISO Standards Handbook - Limits, fits and surface properties
This handbook contains a comprehensive collection of ISO standards for: general limits and fits; limits and fits for screw threads; limits and fits
nd
for gears and involute splines; properties of surfaces. Standards on relevant terminology complete the collection. Year of publication:1999 2
Edition. ISBN 92-67-10293-1. This book is also shown after Chapter 5.
Chapter 7
The ISO System of Limits and Fits Inspection of Workpieces
SUMMARY*
This chapter specifies gages to ISO 1938 Part 1: Plain limit gages of linear size for use with the ISO System of Limits and Fits
in ANSI B4.2. The new standard used to be the old Recommendation published in 1971, and GO, NOGO gages made to this
standard are available for preferred sizes throughout Europe. This new standard is based on the old recommendation and was
finalized in 2012 by TC 213/WG6 hosted by NIST. The standard specifies specific location and limits for the gagemakers
tolerances, wear allowances, measurement uncertainties and form controls. This chapter specifies the most important
metrological and design characteristics of plain limit gages of linear size and defines the different types of plain limit gages used
to prove conformance with linear dimensional specification associated to linear size. It also defines the design characteristics
and the metrological characteristics for these limit gages as well as the new or wear limits state Maximum Permissible Errors
(MPEs) for these characteristics. The ISO 1938-1 standard also describes the use of limit gages and it covers linear sizes up to
500 mm.
It is recommended to specify preferred metric sizes and tolerance zones as shown in Chapter 6 in order to minimize the cost of
tooling and gages. By doing so, a matrix of standard plug and ring (snap) GO and NOGO gages may become off-the-shelf
available inspection tooling similar to what we see in countries having used the ISO Limits and Fits for more than 70 years.
Chapter 8
Screw Threads
SUMMARY
The change to the metric system in screw threads gives us a unique opportunity to rationalize the screw thread and fastener
sizes. For example, the six first choice thread sizes shown in Table 8-1 are recommended to replace the 61 other thread
sizes listed. The first choice sizes are according to the R5 series of preferred sizes shown in Table 4-1. Less savings will be
achieved if you select the twelve ISO (green) first choice sizes shown or the 14 ANSI (bold) first choice sizes. The cost reduction
becomes substantial when you figure thousands of dollars savings for each unique fastener size that can be eliminated from the
product design.
TABLE 8-1 PREFERRED THREAD SIZES
ISO 262 Metric (mm)
Coarse
(1)
R5
R10
M2.5
M3
Fine
mm
Unified Inch
Coarse
Inch
2.51
#3-48
#3-56
2.8
#4-40
#4-48
3.2
#5-40
#5-44
3.5
#6-32
#6-40
4.2
#8-32
#8-36
4.8
#10-24
#10-32
5.5
#12-24
#12-28
6.3
1/4-20
1/4-28
M8x1
7.9
5/16-18
5/16-24
M10x1.25
9.5
3/8-16
3/8-24
7/16-20
Coarse
R20
Fine
M3.5 (2)
M4
M4.5 (3)
M5
M6
M8
M10
M12
M14 (2)
M16
M18 (3)
M20
M22 (3)
10.9
7/16-14
M12x1.25
12.7
1/2-13
1/2-20
M14x1.5
14.3
9/16-12
9/16-18
M16x1.5
15.9
5/8-11
5/8-18
M20x1.5
19.1
3/4-10
3/4-16
M22x1.5
22.2
7/8-9
7/8-14
M24x2
25.4
1-8
1-12
M27x2
28.6
1 1/8-7
1 1/8-12
M30x2
31.8
1 1/4-7
1 1/4-12
M18x1.5
M24
M27 (3)
M30
GO
CAUTION
STOP
NOTES:
1. The Metric Coarse Thread designation shown in this table is according to ISO. ANSI standards may specify the thread pitch for both coarse and fine thread
pitches.
2. ANSI B1.13M shows the ISO preference rating.
3. Not recommended to be used in the USA.
The metric coarse thread pitch is slightly smaller (finer) compared to the customary unified coarse thread pitch. For example;
the metric coarse thread M8 has the thread pitch 1.25 mm and the inch thread 5/16-18 has the thread pitch 1.41 mm.
Chapter 9
Fasteners
SUMMARY
Rationalization The change to the metric system opens up a tremendous opportunity for USA industry to rationalize on
fewer metric fastener sizes used in new products. For preferred metric thread sizes, see Table 8-1 and Table 9-1 for fastener
length. Apply the preferred metric sizes shown in Table 4-1 to the fastener length to the extent practical. (Except for the
length 250 mm where either 240 or 260 mm should be specified.) Rationalization on fewer standard parts released for
production could save your company large sums of money. Each unique standard part creates additional cost in
documentation, spare parts, handling, purchasing, quality assurance, inventory, etc., and for many large companies the
cost runs into several thousand dollars and more.
INTRODUCTION
The national standards1 for fasteners are shown in a World Metric Fastener Standards Index, which follows, and the
comparison of standards on metric screw threads around the world can be found in Table 8-2. A comprehensive description
of the existing ISO fasteners will be given later in this chapter.
The following index provides an illustration of each type of fastener with its name in English (E), German (G), French (F),
and Italian (I). The applicable national standard number is shown with references as to where to find specific information.
For information about the term standard as used in this book, please see p. 12.
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR FASTENERS

HOW TO ORDER METRIC HARDWARE
An Order Check List. The proper designation of metric bolts, screws, and nuts should include the following information:
1. General product description such as: bolts, hex cap screws, tapping screws, machine screws, nuts,
slotted nuts, rivets, etc., and material if other than steel. Refer to the world index for the fastener
name in the required language.
2. The letter M is used for a product with ISO metric screw threads followed by the thread pitch. The
designations are as follows:
ANSI: M10 X 1.5 10 mm nominal diameter ISO metric screw thread with standard 1.5 mm coarse
thread pitch.
ISO: M10 10 mm nominal diameter ISO metric screw thread with standard 1.5 mm coarse thread pitch.
M10 X 1.25 10 mm nominal diameter ISO metric screw thread with standard 1.25 mm fine thread
pitch.
3. Thread fit designation. Refer to Chapter 8, p. 141 for thread fit details.
ANSI: M12 X 1.75 - Designates standard thread fit 6H/6g approximately equal to SAE class 2 fit.
6H/6g
M12 x 1.75 - Designates close thread fit 6H/4g6g approximately equal to SAE class 3 fit.
6H/4g6g
The medium thread fit is customary in most countries, and need not be specified when ordering
fasteners to a specific standard.
4. The length designation is shown in millimeters. Refer to Table 9-1 for the preferred fastener lengths.
5. The standard thread length conforms to ISO recommendations worldwide, and no special call-out for
thread length is required (Table 9-3).
6. National standards reference. The threaded fasteners details are defined in industry or national the
standards, and a reference to the desired standards must be made when ordering fasteners outside
of USA.
7. The strength grade which applies to steel products only, must be specified. See p. 187 for details on
strength properties.
8. The surface protection (if required) should be in accordance with company practice or other standards.
WORLD METRIC FASTENER STANDARDS INDEX

STANDARD
N0. 1
ISO 4014-4016
FIGURE
NAME
(E) HEX HEAD CAP SCREW
USA ANSI B18.2.3.1M

JAPAN JIS B1180
GERMANY DIN 931, 960
FRANCE NF E27-311
UK BS 3692
ITALY UNI 5737, 5738
AUSTRAL AS 1110
N0. 2
ISO 4017, 4018

USA ANSI B18.2.3.1M
JAPAN JIS
GERMANY DIN 933, 961

FRANCE NF E27-310
4190
UK BS
(BOLTS)
1111
AUSTRAL AS
(BOLTS)
NO. 3
ISO 272.0000
USA ANSI B18.2.3.1M
JAPAN JIS B1186
GERMANY DIN 6914

FRANCE NF E27-711
UK BS 4395
ITALY UNI 5712
AUSTRAL AS 1252
NO. 4
ISO 8677
USA ANSI B18.5.2.1M
JAPAN JIS B1171
GERMANY DIN 603

FRANCE NF E27-350
UK BS 4933
ITALY UNI 5731. 5732
AUSTRAL AS 1390
NO. 5
ISO 5713
USA ANSI B18.5.1
JAPAN JIS B1179
GERMANY DIN 608

FRANCE NF E27-354
UK BS 4933
AUSTRAL AS
REFERENCE
FOR DETAILS SEE
TABLE 9-31 (CAP SCREW)
(G) SECHSKANTSCHRAUBE
TABLE 9-32 (FORMED SCR)
MIT SHAFT
TABLE 9-34 (BOLT)
(F) VIS A TETE
NOTE: THE ISO
HEXAGONALE
DESIGNATES PRODUCTS
(I) VITE A TESTA
PARTIALLY THREADED
ESAGONALE
AS BOLTS.
(E) HEX HEAD CAP SCREW
FOR DETAILS SEE
THREADED TO HEAD
TABLE 9-31
NOTE: THE ISO

DESIGNATES
MIT GEWINDE BIS KOPF
PRODUCTS THREADED TO
(F) VIS A TETE HEXAGONALE FILETEE HEAD AS SCREWS

JUSQU'A PROXIMITE DE LA TETE
(I) VITE A TESTA
ESAGONALE
(E) HEX HEAD BOLT WITH LARGE
FOR DETAILS SEE
HEAD (HIGH STRENGTH

STRUCTURAL)
TABLE 9-33 (HEAVY

SCREW)
MIT GROSSER SCHLUSSELWEITE
TABLE 9-35 (HEAVY BOLT)
(F) VIS A TETE HEXAGONALE

LARGE, A COLERETTE
TABLE 9-36
(I) VITE A TESTA
(HEAVY STRUCTURAL
BOLT)
ESAGONALE LARGO
(E) ROUND HEAD SQUARE NECK
FOR DETAILS SEE
BOLT (CARRIAGE BOLT)
TABLE 9-39 (SHORT NECK)
(G) FLACHRUNDSCHRAUBE
MIT VIERKANTANSATZ
TABLE 9-40 (LONG NECK)
(F) VIS A TETE BOMBEE

A COLLET CARRE
TABLE 9-41 (LARGE HEAD)
(I) VITE A TESTA TONDO

LARGO CON QUARDRA SOTTOTESTA
(E) ROUND HEAD COUNTERSUNK
FOR DETAILS SEE
SQUARE NECK BOLT (PLOW BOLT)
TABLE 9-43
(G) SENKSCHRAUBE MIT

VIERKANTANSATZ
(F) VIS A TETE FRAISEE
COLLET CARRE
(I) VITE A TESTA SVASATA
CON QUADRA SOTTOTESTA
TABLE 9-31 HEX CAP SCREWS (ANSI B18.2.3.1M) SAMPLE TABLE
D
Nominal
DS
Body
Screw
Dia and
Thread
Pitch
Diameter
Max
Min
Width
Width
Across
Across
Flats
Corners
Max
Min
Max
Min
KW
Wrenching
Head Height
Height
Max
Min
Min
M5 x 0.8
5
4.82
8
7.78
9.24
8.79
3.65
3.35
2.4
M6 x 1
6
5.82
10
9.78
11.55
11.05
4.15
3.85
2.8
M8 x 1.125
8
7.78
13
12.73 15.01
14.38
5.5
5.1
3.7
M10 x 1.5
15
14.73 17.32
16.64
10
9.78
6.63
6.17
4.5
M10 x 1.5
16*
15.73 18.48
17.77
M12 x 1.75
12
11.73
18
17.73 20.78
20.03
7.76
7.24
5.2
M 14 x 2
14
13.73
21
20.67 24.25
23.35
9.09
8.51
6.2
M 16 x 2
16
15.73
24
23.67 27.71
26.75 10.32 9.68
7
M20 x 2.5
20
19.67
30
29.16 34.64
32.95 12.88 12.12
8.8
M24 x 3
24
23.67
36
35
41.57
39.55 15.44 14.56
10.5
M30 x 3.5
30
29.67
46
45
53.12
50.85 19.48 17.92
13.1
M36 x 4
36
35.61
55
53.8
63.51
60.79 23.38 21.62
15.8
M42 x 4.5
42
41.38
65
62.9
75.06
71.71 26.97 25.03
18.2
M48 x 5
48
47.38
75
72.6
86.6
82.76 31.07 28.93
21
M56 x 5.5
56
55.26
85
82.2
98.15
93.71
36.2
33.8
24.5
M64 x 6
64
63.26
95
91.8
109.7 104.65 41.32 38.68
28
M72 x 6
72
71.26
105
101.4 121.24 115.6 46.45 43.55
31.5
M80 x 6
80
79.26
115
111 132.72 126.54 51.58 48.42
35
M90 x 6
90
89.13
130
125.5 150.11 143.07 57.74 54.26
39.2
M100 x 6
100
99.13
145
140 167.43 159.6
63.9
60.1
43.4
*M10 x 1.5 with 16 mm WAF will be supplied unless the ISO 15 mm WAF is specified.
NOTES:
1. Parts made to this standard are interchangeable with parts made to ISO 4014, product grade A.
2. Standard strength property classes are: 5.8, 9.8, and 10.9 (see Table 9-4).
3. Designation example: Hex cap screw, M6 x 1 x 40, class 9.8, zinc plated.
4. See general data on p. 230 or referenced standard.
DW
Washer
Washer
Face
Face
Thickness
Dia
Max
Min
Min
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1
1
1
1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
7
8.9
11.6
13.6
14.6
16.6
19.6
22.49
27.7
33.2
42.7
51.1
59.8
69
78.1
87.2
96.3
105.4
119.2
133
Chapter 10
Steel Material Data1
SUMMARY
Rationalization - The change to metric steel sizes opens up a tremendous opportunity for USA industry to rationalize on fewer
steel sheet, plate, wire, bar, tube and section sizes. Some companies have shown remarkably good results when rationalizing,
steel plates, for example, from 19 inch sizes to 8 metric sizes. Again, the use of the preferred metric sizes shown in Table 4-1 is
the key tool to use.
The preference ratings - F for first choice, S for second choice, and T for third choice - are used in the referenced standards to
promote usage of fewer sizes. Little rationalization of sizes is achieved in a company if one freely selects from all first-choice
sizes listed in the steel tables.
The World Ferrous Materials Index is given on p. 470 of this chapter.
INTRODUCTION
The American National Standards Institute issued American National Standard ANSI B32.100 Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat,
Round, Square, Rectangular, and Hexagonal Metric Products. References to the following proposed and approved standards,
which are in complete agreement with the applicable ISO standards, are also included.
ANSI B32.200 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, and Rectangular Tubular Metal Products Other Than Pipe, and the
ANSI B32.300 Preferred Metric Sizes for Equal and Unequal Leg Angles, T- and Channel-Sections, IPN- and Wide FlangeBeams Structural Steel.
Major steel-producing countries, such as Japan, Germany, France, and Italy, have produced steel material dimensioned to
metric modules for a number of years. The national standards2 for steel sizes reflect the available commercial sizes in the above
countries. The European countries just listed have developed coordinated EURONORM steel standards issued by the European
Coal and Steel Community. Since 1955, approximately 100 EURONORM standards have been published in German, French,
Italian, and Dutch. These standards are available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6 D-1000 Berlin 30, Germany. A
number of these EURONORM standards have now been modified and published as new ISO or EN standards.
2
For information about the term standard as used in this book, please see p.12.
description of tables The steel material dimension tables list standard metric sizes produced in major countries already using
the metric system. The ISO and ANSI standards are also shown.
Linear dimensions, section areas, and mass per length or area are shown in SI units.
The left column in the tables marked ISO, ANSI, or DIN indicates the preference rating in the standard from which the metric
sizes are chosen. On the right side of the tables, national standards for the applicable products are listed with their specified
preference rating.
The tolerances in the tables are given in millimeters, and they are either ISO, EURONORM, or national standard tolerances
selected from the ISO system of limits and fits. Steel materials produced to the latter tolerances are standard in all major
countries including USA (ANSI B32.100).
All conversions and calculations are processed by a computer with the data shown rounded off to the nearest number in each
case. The computer exponential E-format was selected to cover a wide range of steel sizes and at the same time to present an
accuracy to three significant digits for all numbers shown. The maximum error range is from 0.5 to 0.05%.
Some typical examples of the use of E-format are as follows:
Computer Listing
Decimal Value
-1
0.427E - 01 = 0.427 x 10 = 0.0427
0.628E + 00 = 0.628 x 100 = 0.628
0.243E + 01 = 0.243x 101 = 2.43
0.962E + 03 = 0.962 x 103 = 962
The standard density for steel used in ISO and national standards outside Canada and the USA is 1 m3 steel, which has a
7850 kg mass. The standard density factor for steel in the USA is 0.2833 lb/in3, and it differs from the ISO standard by
approximately 0.1%. The mass per unit shown in the steel material tables is calculated using the ISO density factor. The
conversion factor 2.767990E + 04 was used to compute the pound per cubic inch equivalent. One cubic meter steel has 7842 kg
mass using the USA density factor and 7850 kg mass with the ISO factor.
WORLD SHEET METAL STANDARDS

Thicknesses. The following discussion is intended to assist the designer in his or her choice of metric sheet metal sizes and
qualities anywhere in the world. Standard thicknesses for hot-rolled steel sheets are shown in Table 10-1A and for cold-reduced
sheets in Table 10-2A.
ANSI B32.100 is a recently released standard drafted by the author, and it is recommended the first choices shown in the USA
column be chosen if possible. Use the Preferred Sizes in Table 4-1 p. 75 when selecting among all the third choices shown in
the material tables. Most of the above thicknesses are available worldwide.
Material. A worldwide comparison of the designations used for hot-rolled and cold-rolled steels is shown in Tables 10-42A and
B. The ISO, EURONORM, and national standards for each product are also given for easy reference to further details.
Make the material selection from Table 10-42A for hot-rolled and Table 10-42B for cold-rolled steel sheets. Note the ISO
standard number where the desired steel grade is specified, and use it to find the appropriate ISO tolerance for the product.
When steel is specified to other national standards, specify tolerances and steel grades as shown in that standard.
Tolerances. The tolerances for sheet metal are specified in a number of ISO standards and shown in Tables 10-1B through
1H for hot-rolled and in Tables 10-2B through 2E for cold-rolled material. The specific ISO standard number where the
tolerances are specified are shown with the table title in parenthesis.
Coatings. Select the desired ISO coating grade from the Tables 10-42E through 10-42K or the national standard used to
specify the steel sheet product.
Order Example. For hot-rolled steel sheets the desired thickness is selected from Table 10-1A, ISO standard number and
qualities from Table 10-42A, tolerances from Table 10-1B through 10-1H, and coating from Table 10-42E through 10-42K. A
typical example of designation of steel sheet 2 mm thick X 1200 mm wide X 2440 mm long to steel grade HR235, class D (D =
CS Special Killed) and tolerance 0.17 mm, as specified in ISO 4995, is as follows: International Standard 4995, hot-rolled
steel sheet, structural quality, grade HR235 class D, 2 x 1200 X 2440 mm, 40000 kg, for part No. 2345, roof support, mill edge,
furnish report of mechanical properties, maximum lift 4000 kg.
For cold-rolled steel sheets, the desired thickness is selected from Table 10-2A, ISO standard number and material qualities
from Table 10-42B, tolerances from Table 10-2B through 2E, and coating from Table 10-42E through 42K. A typical example of
designation of cold-rolled steel sheet 1 mm thick X 700 mm wide and 1800 mm long to the steel grade CR220 class B (rimmed
or nonrimmed) and tolerance 0.09 mm, as specified in the ISO standard, is as follows: International Standard 4997, coldrolled steel sheet, structural quality, grade CR220 class B, 1 X 700 X 1800 mm, 40 000 kg, for part No. 3456, seat frame
unexposed, furnish report of mechanical properties, maximum lift 4000 kg.
WORLD STEEL PLATE STANDARDS

Thicknesses. The standard steel plate thicknesses in most of the major steel-producing countries are shown in Table 10-3A.
Although some differences exist in the various material standards, the first-choice sizes in the ANSI B32.100 standard should be
available worldwide. You will note the few thicknesses considered first choice in the German DIN 1543 standard.
TABLE 10-1A HOT-ROLLED STEEL SHEET AND STRIP THICKNESSES (ANSI B32.100)
ANSI
B32.100
SIZE
D
mm
MASS
2
kg/m
USA
ANSI
B32.100
AUSTRAL
AS
1594
JAPAN
JIS
G3193
F
T
S
T
T
F
T
T
S
T
1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2
2.2
7.85
8.63
9.42
11.0
11.8
12.6
13.7
14.1
15.7
17.3
F
T
S
T
T
F
T
T
S
T, 2.3T
F
S
F
S
F
F
S
F
S
F
F
2.3F
F
T
S
T
T
T
F
2.5
2.8
3
3.2
3.5
3.8
4
4.2
4.5
4.8
19.6
22.0
23.5
25.1
27.5
29.8
31.4
33.0
35.3
37.7
F
T
S
T
T
T
F
F
S
F
F
F, 2.6S
2.9S
F
S
T
F
5
5.5
6
T
S
FRANCE
NF
A46-501
UK
BS
1449
1.25F
F
F
GERMANY ITALY
DIN
UNI
1016
F
2.25F
3.6F
F
F
4.75F
39.2
43.2
47.1
S
T
F
F
S
F
F
5.6F
F
7
8
54.9
62.8
T
S
S
F
F, 6.3F
F
F
F
70.6
10
78.5
T
11
86.3
T
F
S
12
94.2
S
F
F
NOTES:
3
1. Mass is calculated on the basis of density of steel of 7.85 kg/dm .
2. The size is national standard as indicated; F = First Choice; S = Second Choice;
T = Third Choice; Number = Other Size.
3. Tolerances are shown in Tables 10-1B-10-1H.
12.5F
Chapter 11
Nonferrous Material
SUMMARY
Only copper and aluminum products are covered in this chapter. Major industrial countries, such as Japan, Germany, France,
and Italy, have produced nonferrous material dimensioned to metric modules for a number of years, and the material standards1
for nonferrous sizes reflect the available commercial sizes in these countries.
The American National Standards Institute issued American National Standards B32.100-2005 for preferred metric sizes for
flat, round, square, rectangular, and hexagonal metal products. The preferred metric sizes were the result of the informational
input of representatives from industries and professional societies, as well as the experience of other countries where the metric
system has been in use.
DESCRIPTION OF TABLES
The nonferrous material dimension tables given in this chapter list standard metric sizes produced in major countries using the
metric system. Linear dimensions, section areas, and mass per length of area are shown both in SI units and in customary inch
units in the left-hand portions of each table. The left-most columns in the tables, which are headed in vertical fashion by ISO,
ANSI, DIN, or BS, indicates the preference rating in the appropriate standard from which the metric sizes are chosen. In the
right-hand portions of the tables, national standards for the applicable products are listed with their specified preference ratings.
Tolerances shown in the right-hand portions of the tables are in millimeters, and are listed by column under a heading noting
the original standard. Most of the tolerances are specified within the ISO system of limits and fits which is covered in national
product standards throughout the world.
All conversions and calculations were processed by a computer, and the data shown are rounded off to the nearest number in
each case. The computer exponential E format (see Table 2-2) was selected in order to cover a wide range of sizes and at the
same time present a three-significant-digit accuracy for all numbers shown. The maximum error range is from 0.5% to 0.05%.
The standard density for copper used is 8900 kg mass per cubic meter, and for aluminum, 2700 kg mass per cubic meter. The
density is not constant, and varies with added alloying materials.
WORLD STANDARDS FOR NONFERROUS PLATE AND SHEET

Table 11-1. Cold Rolled Copper and Copper Alloy Sheets (ANSI B32.100). The nominal thicknesses in the range from 0.1
to 10 mm have been based on the ANSI B32.100 standard, and the tolerances shown are based on DIN 1751 for cold rolled
copper sheets.
Table 11-2. Cold Rolled Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Sheets (ANSI B32.100). Aluminum sheets are shown in sizes
ranging from 0.25 to 15 mm thicknesses with preference ratings as specified in ANSI B32.100. The tolerances shown are for
aluminum sheets of Material Group I in DIN 1783, which is applicable for most aluminum sheet products.
Table 11-3. Cold Rolled Copper and Copper Alloy Plates (ANSI B32.100). Copper plates in thicknesses from 3 to 50 mm
are shown in Table 11-3, and the selection of sizes has been based on ANSI B32.100. The tolerances listed are those specified
in the Japanese Standard JIS H3111 for oxygen-free copper sheets and plates.
Table 11-4. Hot Rolled Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plates (ANSI B32.100). Hot-rolled aluminum plates in thicknesses
from 5 to 100 mm have been selected from ANSI B32.100, and some tolerances from DIN 59600 for sheets and rounds made of
hot rolled aluminum are also shown.
TABLE 10-1A HOT-ROLLED STEEL SHEET AND STRIP THICKNESSES (ANSI B32.100)
ANSI
B32.100
SIZE
D
mm
MASS
2
kg/m
USA
ANSI
B32.100
AUSTRAL
AS
1594
JAPAN
JIS
G3193
F
T
S
T
T
F
T
T
S
T
1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
2
2.2
7.85
8.63
9.42
11.0
11.8
12.6
13.7
14.1
15.7
17.3
F
T
S
T
T
F
T
T
S
T, 2.3T
F
S
F
S
F
F
S
F
S
F
F
2.3F
F
T
S
T
T
T
F
2.5
2.8
3
3.2
3.5
3.8
4
4.2
4.5
4.8
19.6
22.0
23.5
25.1
27.5
29.8
31.4
33.0
35.3
37.7
F
T
S
T
T
T
F
F
S
F
F
F, 2.6S
2.9S
F
S
T
F
5
5.5
6
T
S
FRANCE
NF
A46-501
UK
BS
1449
1.25F
F
F
GERMANY ITALY
DIN
UNI
1016
F
2.25F
3.6F
F
F
4.75F
39.2
43.2
47.1
S
T
F
F
S
F
F
5.6F
F
7
8
54.9
62.8
T
S
S
F
F, 6.3F
F
F
F
70.6
10
78.5
T
11
86.3
T
F
S
12
94.2
S
F
F
NOTES:
3
1. Mass is calculated on the basis of density of steel of 7.85 kg/dm .
2. The size is national standard as indicated; F = First Choice; S = Second Choice;
T = Third Choice; Number = Other Size.
3. Tolerances are shown in Tables 10-1B-10-1H.
12.5F
Chapter 12
Bearings
SUMMARY
Roller bearings have been subject to extensive world standardization efforts. Ball and cylindrical roller bearings are the most
prevalent bearing types in countries using the metric system. The secretariat for the Technical Committee ISO/TC4 Rolling
Bearings is held by Sweden. Its first recommendation, R15 for radial bearings boundary dimensions, was issued in 1955, and
the second edition of this important standard1 received worldwide approval in 1968. The largest ball and cylindrical roller bearing
manufacturing companies in the world have adhered to the ISO recommendation, so that today a number of bearing types,
produced by different manufacturing companies, can be interchanged.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI), representing the USA position on an international level, and the American
Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc. (ABMA), are responsible for rolling element bearing standardization in the USA These
standards are published as ANSI/ABMA standards and are available from either of the above organizations.
ANSI/ABMA 20 describes metric design radial ball, cylindrical roller, and spherical roller bearings conforming to the basic
boundary plans, which contain radial bearing parameters from the following international standards:
ISO 15 (boundary dimensions)
ISO 464 (snap rings and grooves)
ISO 492 (tolerances)
ISO 582 (chamfer dimensions)
ISO 5753 (radial clearances)
Thrust bearings of ball cylindrical roller, and spherical roller types are specified in ANSI/ABMA 24.1, which covers thrust
bearing parameters from the following international standards:
ISO 104 (boundary dimensions)
ISO 199 (thrust ball bearing tolerances)
ISO 582 (for chamfer dimensions)
A commitment to the customary inch measuring system has caused slow progress in the world standardization of such bearing
types as needle and tapered roller bearings.
The secretariat for ISO/TC123 - Plain Bearings is held by Russia, where several standards have been issued on the subject,
as shown on p. 539. self-aligning bushings would fall in the category of TC 123. However, the Russians have no interest in this
matter. Self-aligning bushings will be covered by TC4/SC7. Subcommittee 7 is handled by Germany.
Self-aligning bushings are now covered in the three-part standard ISO 6124, as shown on p. 542.
1
TABLE 12-5A WORLD BALL AND THRUST BEARING STANDARDS DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARINGS - SINGLE ROW
mm
STANDARDS
FIGURE
ISO 15
USA
ANSI/ABMA 20
JAPAN
JIS B1521
DIMENSIONS
BEARING TYPE BC - DIMENSION SERIES 10
DESIGNATION d
D B
r DESIGNATION d
10 BC10
10
26
0.3
60 BC10
60
95
18
1.1
GERMANY DIN 625
12 BC10
12
28
0.3
65 BC10
65
100
18
1.1
FRANCE
NF E22-300
15 BC10
15
32
0.3
70 BC10
70
110
20
1.1
UK
BS 292
17 BC10
17
35 10 0.3
75 BC10
75
115
20
1.1
ITALY
UNI 4473
20 BC10
20
42 12 0.6
80 BC10
80
125 22
1.1
25 BC10
25
47 12 0.6
85 BC10
85
130
22
1.1
30 BC10
30
55 13
90 BC10
90
140
24
1.5
NOTES:
35 BC10
35
62 14
95 BC10
95
145
24
1.5
1. Bearing codes are according to the previous
40 BC10
40
68 15
100 BC10
100 150
24
1.5
ISO/R300 standard and ANSI/ABMA 20.
45 BC10
45
75 16
105 BC10
105 160
26
50 BC10
50
80 16
110 BC10
110 170
28
55 BC10
55
90 18 1.1
120 BC10
120 180
28
AUSTRALIA AS
2. The radii shown are rs min as specified in ISO 15.
Chapter 13
Mechanical Power Transmission Systems

SUMMARY
The purpose of this section is to describe world standards1 for the most commonly used power source in industry the
electric motor and some of the important power transmission components, such as transmission chains and sprockets,
endless belt drives, metric module gearing, splines and serrations, and keys and keyways. Some standards for these items have
been based on the metric measuring system, and the others on the customary inch system. The main differences will be pointed
out in this chapter to facilitate worldwide interchangeability of parts. A number of ISO and IEC standards have been issued on
the subject, and some of the most important standards, as well as the ISO technical committee organizing the technical work
behind each standard, are listed at the end of the chapter. Note that the technical committees are designated by the letters TC,
followed by the appropriate committee number.
Information presented in ISO and IEC standards and draft proposals have been included, but since they are subject to change,
care should be exercised with some of the material presented.
ELECTRIC MOTORS
INTRODUCTION
The material presented in this chapter is intended to give a brief introduction into standards related to the usage of electric
motors; IEC has published several important standards on this subject and is active in developing standards for rotating
electrical machines through its IEC/TC2 working groups and committees.
ROTATING SPEEDS
North America uses alternating electrical current with 60 Hz frequency, but most of the world uses 50 Hz power supply.
The synchronous rotating speed for induction motors is calculated by using the following formula:
F 120 (rpm)
n = --------------p
frequency 120 (rpm)

--------------------------number of poles
(13-1)
Electric motors (other than dc) rotate with speeds depending on the frequency of the power supply, and the most commonly
used output speeds produced for industry are shown in Table 13-1.
POWER OUTPUT RATINGS

The nominal power outputs in kilowatts (kW) are specified in IEC 72-1 and shown in Table 13-2 for output ratings from 0.06 to
250 kW.
Preferred output powers for larger electric motors in a size range from 280 to 1000 kW are specified in IEC 72-1.
TABLE 13-1 NOMINAL SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEEDS (rpm) FOR MOTORS OPERATING ON A 50 Hz OR
60 Hz ac SUPPLY
POLES
SPEED (rpm)
50 Hz
60 Hz
3000
3600
4
6
1500
1000
1800
1200
750
900
10
600
720
Chapter 14
Fluid Power Systems and Components
SUMMARY
Fluid power systems are those that transmit and control power through the use of a pressurized fluid (liquid or gas) within an
enclosed circuit. Fluid power includes the technologies of hydraulics, pneumatics, and fluid logic. The world standards1
presented in this chapter deal, for the most part, with hydraulic fluid power systems and components.
The National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) (see Table 1-1) administers the secretariat of the ISO TC 131 on fluid power,
and a number of standards have been approved and published.
The ISO standards presented in this chapter conform, with some exceptions, to the national standards and industry practices
in all major industrial countries.
1
For information about the term standard as used in this book, please see p. 12.
NOMINAL PRESSURES
The recommended SI units for hydraulic pressure is the pascal (1 Pa = 1 N/mm2). The bar was widely used throughout Europe
and 1 MPa equals 10 bar and 1 kPa equals 10 mbar (millibar). To bring practical units for volumetric flow in line with theoretical
calculations, the cubic meter per second (m3/s) or liter per second (L/s) is recommended for use instead of the cubic meter and
liter per minute (simplifications of power calculations).
ISO 2944 recommended pressures for fluid power are shown in Table 14-1.
TABLE 14-1 NOMINAL PRESSURES-GAGE PRESSURES IN kPa AND MPa1 (ISO 2944)
kPa (kilopascal)
MPa (megapascal)
10
100
10
(1.25
(12.5)
(125)
(1.25)
(12.5)
16
1.6
16
160
1.6
(2)
(20)
(200)
(2)
20
2.5
25
250
2.5
25
(3.15)
(31.5)
(315)
(3.15)
31.5
40
400
40
(5)
(50)
(500)
(5)
50
6.3
63
630
6.3
63
(8)
(80)
(800)
(8)
80
NOTES:
1. Non-preferred values are in parenthesis.
2. 1 kPa (kilopascal) = 10 mbar = 0.145 psi.
3. 1 MPa (megapascal) = 145 psi.
100
Chapter 15
Manufacturing Engineering
SUMMARY
The introduction of metric drill sizes to manufacturing creates an opportunity to rationalize the number of drills used. Table
15-1 shows some preferred metric drill sizes, together with the customary inch fraction, number, and letter sizes. The table
shows all sizes in decimal millimeter or inch, and it makes it convenient to phase out non-preferred inch sizes.
TABLE 15-1 DRILL SIZES WITH DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS

DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
0.1
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
0.0039
DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
0.7
NO.97
0.15
0.0059
NO.70
0.71
0.028
NO.96
0.16
0.0063
NO.69
0.74
0.0292
NO.95
0.17
0.0067
NO.94
0.18
0.0071
NO.93
0.19
0.0075
NO.68
0.79
0.031
NO.92
0.2
0.0079
1/32
0.8
0.0313
NO.91
0.21
0.0083
NO.67
0.81
0.032
NO.90
0.22
0.0087
NO.66
0.84
0.033
NO.89
0.23
0.0091
NO.88
0.24
0.0095
NO.87
0.25
0.01
NO.65
0.89
NO.86
0.27
0.0105
NO.85
0.28
0.011
NO.84
0.29
0.0115
NO.64
0.91
0.036
NO.63
0.94
0.037
0.0079
0.2
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
0.0276
0.0295
0.75
0.0315
0.8
0.0335
0.85
0.0354
0.9
0.0118
0.3
NO.83
0.3
0.012
NO.82
0.32
0.0125
NO.62
0.97
0.0374
0.038
NO.81
0.33
0.013
NO.61
0.99
0.039
NO.80
0.34
0.0135
0.0138
NO.60
1.02
0.04
NO.59
1.04
0.041
0.0158
NO.58
1.07
0.042
0.016
NO.57
1.09
0.043
0.95
0.0394
1
0.35
NO.79
0.37
0.0145
1/64
0.4
0.0156
0.0413
1.05
0.4
NO.78
0.41
NO.77
0.46
0.0177
0.45
0.018
NO.76
0.51
0.02
NO.75
0.53
0.021
0.0217
0.55
NO.74
0.57
NO.73
0.61
0.024
NO.72
0.64
0.025
0.0256
0.65
NO.71
STOP
0.66
0.026
CAUTION
0.0453
NO.56
1.18
0.0465
3/64
1.19
0.0469
0.0472
1.2
1.25
1.3
0.0225
0.0236
0.6
0.0433
1.1
1.15
0.0197
0.5
GO
0.035
0.0492
0.0512
NO.55
1.32
NO.54
1.4
0.0531
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
GO
0.052
0.055
0.0551
0.0571
0.0591
STOP
CAUTION
TABLE 15-1 DRILL SIZES WITH DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS (CONT'D)

DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
NO.53
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
1.51
2.45
0.0595
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
0.0965
NO.40
2.49
NO.39
2.53
0.0995
NO.38
2.58
0.1015
0.061
1.55
1/16
1.59
0.0625
NO.52
1.61
0.0984
2.5
0.063
1.6
0.0635
0.1024
2.6
0.065
1.65
1.7
NO.37
2.64
0.104
0.0669
NO.51
1.7
1.75
NO.50
0.067
NO.36
2.71
0.1065
7/64
2.78
0.1094
0.07
NO.35
2.79
0.11
0.0728
NO.34
2.82
0.111
0.073
NO.33
2.87
0.113
0.0709
NO.49
1.85
0.0748
1.9
NO.48
1.93
1/64
1.98
0.0781
NO.47
1.99
0.0785
0.1102
2.8
0.1142
2.9
0.076
0.0768
1.95
0.1063
2.7
0.0689
1.78
1.8
1.85
NO.32
2.95
0.116
0.1181
3
NO.31
3.05
1/8
3.18
0.12
0.125
NO.30
3.26
0.1285
0.122
3.1
0.0787
2
2.05
0.0807
NO.46
2.06
0.081
NO.45
2.08
0.082
0.0827
2.1
2.15
0.0846
NO.44
2.18
NO.43
2.26
0.0886
NO.28
3.57
0.1405
0.089
9/64
3.57
0.1406
0.0935
3/32
2.38
0.0938
STOP
2.44
0.1417
3.6
NO.27
3.66
0.144
0.1457
3.7
0.0945
0.136
0.1378
3.5
0.0925
2.37
NO.41
0.1339
3.45
NO.42
2.4
0.1299
3.3
3.4
NO.29
0.0906
2.3
2.35
0.126
3.2
0.086
0.0866
2.2
2.25
GO
0.098
NO.26
3.73
0.147
NO.25
3.8
0.1495
0.096
CAUTION
GO
STOP
CAUTION

DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
0.1496
13/64
5.16
0.2031
0.152
NO.6
5.18
0.204
NO.5
5.22
NO.4
5.31
NO.3
5.41
7/32
5.56
NO.2
5.61
NO.1
5.79
3.8
NO.24
3.86
NO.23
3.91
0.154
5/32
3.97
0.1562
NO.22
3.99
0.157
0.1535
3.9
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
0.2047
5.2
0.2087
5.3
0.209
0.1575
4
NO.21
4.04
0.159
NO.20
4.09
0.161
0.1614
4.1
4.2
4.22
0.2126
5.4
0.2205
5.6
NO.18
4.31
0.1695
11/64
4.37
0.1719
NO.17
4.39
0.173
NO.16
4.5
0.1732
4.4
NO.15
0.2283
5.8
0.2323
0.1772
5.94
0.234
0.18
15/64
5.95
0.2344
0.1811
NO.14
4.62
0.182
NO.13
4.7
0.185
0.185
4.7
3/16
4.76
0.1875
NO.12
4.8
0.189
NO.11
4.85
6.05
NO.10
4.91
0.1935
NO.9
4.98
0.196
6.15
6.25
5.05
1/4
6.35
0.25
6.35
0.25
0.252
6.4
6.5
0.2559
F
6.53
6.63
NO.8
STOP
5.11
0.257
0.2008
17/64
6.75
0.2656
0.201
6.76
0.266
0.2598
0.261
0.199
0.2638
6.7
5.1
0.246
0.248
6.3
6.6
NO.8
0.242
0.2441
6.2
0.1968
0.238
0.2402
6.1
0.191
0.1929
4.9
0.2362
0.189
4.8
0.228
0.177
4.57
4.6
0.221
0.2244
5.7
5.9
4.5
0.2188
0.166
0.1693
4.3
0.213
0.2165
5.5
0.1654
NO.19
GO
0.2055
CAUTION
GO
STOP
CAUTION

DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
0.2677
11/32
6.8
6.9
0.2717
I
6.91
7.04
0.277
8.73
0.3438
0.3465
8.8
0.272
0.2756
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
8.84
0.348
0.3504
8.9
9
0.3543
9.09
23/64
9.13
0.358
0.2795
7.1
K
9/32
7.14
7.14
0.281
0.2835
7.2
7.3
0.2874
L
0.2913
7.4
M
7.49
0.295
19/64
7.54
7.67
0.3661
9.35
0.368
0.3701
9.4
9.5
0.374
3/8
V
9.53
0.375
9.58
0.377
0.2969
0.2992
7.6
0.3622
0.2953
7.5
0.3594
9.2
9.3
0.29
7.37
0.3583
9.1
0.2812
0.302
0.378
9.6
9.7
9.8
0.3819
0.3858
9.8
0.386
25/64
9.92
10.08
10.26
13/32
Z
10.32
0.4062
10.49
0.413
27/64
10.72
0.3031
7.7
7.8
7.9
0.3071
5//16
7.94
0.3898
9.9
0.311
0.3906
0.3125
0.3937
10
0.315
8
O
8.03
0.4016
10.2
0.3189
8.1
8.2
0.404
0.3228
P
0.323
8.2
21/64
8.33
0.4058
10.3
0.3268
8.3
0.3281
0.4134
10.5
0.3307
8.4
Q
8.43
8.61
0.4331
7/16
11.11
0.4375
0.339
0.3425
STOP
0.4252
10.8
11
0.3386
R
0.4219
0.332
0.3346
8.5
8.6
8.7
GO
0.397
0.316
CAUTION
11.2
11.5
GO
0.4409
0.4528
STOP
CAUTION

DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
29/64
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
DRILL SIZE
mm
INCH
11.51
18.5
0.4531
0.4646
11.8
15/32
11.91
DECIMALS
mm
INCH
0.7284
47/64
18.65
0.4724
3//4
19.05
0.75
0.4803
49/64
19.45
0.7656
0.4688
0.748
19
12
12.2
31/64
12.3
0.4844
0.7677
19.5
0.4921
12.5
1//2
12.7
25/32
19.84
0.7812
0.5
0.7874
20
0.5118
13
33/64
13.1
0.5156
17/32
13.5
0.5313
51/64
20.24
0.7969
0.8071
20.5
13/16
20.64
0.8125
0.5315
13.5
35/64
13.89
0.5469
9//16
14.29
0.8268
21
0.5512
14
53/64
21.03
0.8281
27/32
21.43
0.8438
55/64
21.83
7//8
22.23
57/64
22.62
29/32
23.02
0.9062
59/64
23.42
0.9219
0.5625
0.8465
21.5
0.5709
14.5
37/64
14.68
0.5906
15
0.8594
0.5781
0.8661
22
19/32
15.08
0.5938
39/64
15.48
0.6094
0.875
0.8858
22.5
0.8906
0.6102
15.5
5//8
15.88
0.625
41/64
16.27
0.9055
23
0.6299
16
0.6406
0.9252
23.5
0.6496
16.5
21/32
16.67
15/16
23.81
0.6693
17
0.9375
0.6562
0.9449
24
43/64
17.07
0.6719
11//16
17.46
0.6875
61/64
24.21
0.9531
0.9646
24.5
31/32
24.61
0.9688
0.689
17.5
45/64
17.86
0.7031
23/32
STOP
18.26
0.9842
25
0.7087
18
GO
0.7344
63/64
25
0.9844
25.4
0.7188
CAUTION
GO
STOP
CAUTION
Chapter 16
Quality Management and Environmental Management Systems (ISO 9000
and ISO 14000)
SUMMARY
ISO 9000 and ISO 14000
The ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 families are among ISO's most widely known and successful standards ever. ISO 9000 Quality Management
System (QMS) has become an international reference for quality requirements in business to business dealings, and ISO 14000
Environmental Management System (EMS) looks set to achieve at least as much, if not more, in helping organizations to meet their
environmental challenges.
The ISO 9000:2000 QMS is replacing the 1994 standards as follows;
ISO 9000:2000, entitled Fundamentals and Vocabulary, describes the fundamentals of a QMS and specifies the terminology for a
QMS. It was developed on the basis of previous standards: ISO 8402:1994, Vocabulary, and lS0 9000-1:1994, Selection and Use.
ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems - Requirements specifies requirements for a QMS where an organization needs to
demonstrate its ability to provide products that meet customer requirements and applicable regulatory requirements and aims to
enhance customer satisfaction. The three quality assurance requirement standards ISO 9001:1994, ISO 9002:1994, and ISO
9003:1994 are replaced by a single quality management system requirement standard, ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems
- Requirements.
ISO 9004:2000 Quality management systems - Guidelines for performance improvements, QMS, Guidelines for performance
improvement, which replaces ISO 9004-1:1994, provides guidelines for both the effectiveness and efficiency of the QMS. The aim of
this standard is the improvement of the performance of an organization and the satisfaction of customers and other interested parties.
ISO 9004:2000 Quality management systems - Guidelines for performance improvements, although considerably rewritten, was
developed using the format and structure of ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems - Requirements.
ISO 9000 is concerned with "quality management". This means what the organization does to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting
customer and applicable regulatory requirements and continually to improve its performance in this regard. ISO 14000 is primarily concerned
with "environmental management". This means what the organization does to minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its
activities, and continually to improve its environmental performance.
Worldwide equivalents of the ISO 9000:2000 series standards are shown in Table 16-1A for the eight major industrial countries and in Table
16-1B for 79 countries to the ISO 9000:2000 series standards.
The ISO 14000 EMS includes standards as follows;
ISO launched the new technical committee, ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, in 1993.
TABLE 16-1A WORLDWIDE EQUIVALENCE OF THE ISO 9000: SERIES OF STANDARDS

1
ISO 9001 : 2008

ANSI/ASQ Q9001
ISO 9004 : 2009

ANSI/ASQ Q9004
ISO 10012 : 2003

ANSI/ASQ Q10012
ISO 19011 : 2011

ANSI/ASQ QE19011
Japan
JIS Z9900
JIS Z9901
JIS Z9904
Germany
DIN EN ISO 9000
DIN EN ISO 9001
DIN EN ISO 9004
DIN EN ISO 10012
DIN EN ISO19011
France
NF EN ISO 9000
NF EN ISO 9001
NF EN ISO 9004
NF EN ISO 10012
NF EN ISO19011
BS EN ISO 9000
UNI EN ISO 9000
CAN/CSA ISO 9000
AS/NZS ISO 9000
BS EN ISO 9001
UNI EN ISO 9001
CAN/CSA ISO 9001
AS/NZS ISO 9001
BS EN ISO 9004
UNI EN ISO 9004
CAN/CSA ISO 9004
AS/NZS ISO 9004
BS EN ISO 10012
UNI EN ISO 10012
CAN/CSA ISO 10012
AS/NZS ISO 10012
BS EN ISO19011
UNI EN ISO19011
CAN/CSA ISO 19011
AS/NZS ISO 19011
GLOBAL
USA
UK
Italy
Canada
Australia
NOTES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
ISO 9000 : 2005

ANSI/ASQ Q9000
ISO 9000: 2005 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary. This standard replaces the former standards ISO 8402 and ISO 9000-1.
ISO 9001: 2008 Quality management systems Requirements. This standard replaces the former standards ISO 9001, ISO 9002 and ISO 9003.
ISO 9004: 2009 Quality management systems Guidelines for performance improvements. This standard replaces the former standard ISO 9004-1.
ISO 10012: 2003 Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measurement equipment. This standard replaces the former
standards ISO 10012-1 and ISO 10012-2.
ISO 19011: 2011 Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing. Replaces ISO 10011-1,-2, -3, ISO 14010, ISO 14011, and ISO 14012.
The European Union (EU) publish standards identified by the prefix EN.
COPANT = Pan American Standards Commission.
The countries listed in Table 16-1B adopted the ISO 9000:1987 series standards. Now there are more than twice as many countries adopting the ISO 9000 series
standards.
Chapter 17
Conversion Factors and Program
SUMMARY
The conversion factors shown in Table 17-1 will satisfy most of your requirements their accuracy is within 0.2%. Less frequently used rounded conversion
factors are shown in Table 17-2. Accurate conversion factors are shown in Table 17-3. Multiplication factors shown with an asterisk * are exact, others are
rounded to the nearest seventh significant digit in accordance with the ANSI SI 10 standard. There are two conversion programs as follows: (1) Conversion
Program (ANSI factors) and (2) Global Conversion Program <http://www.convert-me.com/en/>.
The Conversion Program can use accurate (Table 17-3) or rounded conversion factors, and you may take the simple steps as follows;
1.
Select Type of Conversion: inch-metric, metric-inch, inch-inch or metric-metric.
2.
Select Class: length, area, volume, mass, etc.
3.
Select Unit: From: in, ft, yd, etc. To: mm, m, km, etc.
4.
Select number of decimal places shown in output: From 0 to 6.
5.
Enter Value to be converted and click on Convert.
6.
Read or copy Result.
For more exact results click on Search Accurate Conversion Factor List, and search entries by typing the first few letters in the conversion you are looking for.
After you click on that name, the program will enter preferred metric unit and conversion factor. Follow steps 4 through 6 shown above.
TABLE 17-1 CONVERSION FACTORS (ROUNDED)

QUANTITY1
METRIC UNIT2
INCH UNIT3
CONVERSION
mm
in
mm = in x 25.4
ft
m = ft x 0.305
mi
km = mi x 1.61
Length
km
2
mm
in
mm2 = in2 x 645
m2
ft2
m2 = ft2 x 0.0929
hm2 (ha)
acre
hm2 = acre x 0.405
km2
mi2
km2 = mi2 x 2.59
mL(cm3)
tsp (1/3 tbs)
mL = tsp x 4.93
Area
Volume
mL
in
L(dm3)
galUSA
mL = in3 x 16.4
L = gal x 3.79
L = galImp x 4.55
kL (m3)
yd3
kL = yd3 x 0.765
oz
g = oz x 28.3
kg
lb
tonshort (2000 lb)
tonlong (2240 lb)
kg = lb x 0.454
Mg = tonshort x 0.907
Mg = tonlong x 1.106
Mass
Mg (t = 1000 kg)
o
K = (oF-32)/1.8 + 273
K = oC + 273
m/s
ft/s
m/s = ft/s x 0.305
km/h
mi/h
km/h = mi/h x 1.61
Temperature
Speed
C = (oF-32)/1.8
NOTES; 1. The word QUANTITY means a measurable attribute of a phenomenon or of matter in this publication.
2. METRIC UNITS for Length, Area, Volume, etc are shown in Chapter 2.
3. Other INCH UNITS are shown in Table 17-2.
4. Select any of the 400 conversion factors (ANSI SI 10) shown in Table 17-3 and use for special conversions.
Use Conversion Program <http://www.kok.com/conversi.htm>.
5. Inch Units in Metric* such as; Length - one inch = 25 mm (25.4 mm exactly); one foot = 300 mm; one yard = 1 m; one chain = 20 m; one furlong = 200 m;
2
mile = 400 m; mile = 800 m; one mile = 1600 m; Area - one square foot = 0.1 m ; one acre = 4000 m ; Volume one spice measure = 1 mL;
one teaspoon = 5 mL; one tablespoon = 15 mL; one fluid ounce = 30 mL; cup = 125 mL; one cup = 0.25 L; one pint = 0.5 L; one fifth gallon = 0.75 L;
one quart = 1 L; one gallon = 4 L;
Mass - one pound = 500 g; one ton = 1 Mg (1000 kg).
TABLE 17-2 OTHER CONVERSION FACTORS (ROUNDED)

Length Units
1 foot =
1 yard =
Mass Units
12 in =
3 ft =
0.305 m
0.914 m
1 ounceavoirdupois =
1 pound =
5280 ft =
0.001 in =
0.000001 in =
1.61 km
25.4 m.
25.4 nm
0.0138 in =
1/72 in =
0.351 mm
0.353 mm
1200/3937 m =
7.92 in =
0.3048006 m
0.201 m
1 rod =
1 chain =
16.5 ft = 25 link =
66 ft = 100 link =
5.03 m
20.1 m
1 furlong =
1 fathom =
1 cable length =
660 ft =10 chain =

6 ft =
600 ft =
6076 ft =
1 milestat =
1 mil =
1 microinch =
1 pointprinters =
1 pointcomputer =
1 footsurvey =
1 link =
1 milenaut =
438 gr =
16 oz =
28.3 g
454 g
1 tonshort =
1 tonlong =
1 grain =
2000 lb =
2240 lb =
1/7000 lb =
0.907 Mg
1.106 Mg
64.8 mg
1 carat =
1 scruple =
3.09 gr =
20 gr =
200 mg
1.30 g
1 pennyweight =
1 dram =
24 gr =
27.34 gr =
1.56 g
1.77 g
1 dramapo =
1 ouncetroy =
60 gr =
480 gr =
3.89 g
31.1 g
201 m
1.83 m
183 m
1 poundtroy =
1 stone =
1 slug =
12 oztroy =
14 lb =
32.2 lb =
373 g
6.35 kg
14.6 kg
1.85 km
1 hundredweight =
100 lb =
45.4 kg
Area Units
1 in2 =
2
1 ft =
1 yd2 =
1 square (roofing)
1 acre =
2
1 mi =
1 township =
Temperature Units
645 mm2
144 in =
0.0929 m
9 ft2 =
0.836 m2
1 deg Fahrenheit = 1 deg Rankine = 1/1.8 K (kelvin) or oC

2
0oF =
o
100 ft =
9.29 m
43560 ft2 =
4047 m2
-40oC =
233 K
-17.8oC =
255 K
32 F =
0 C=
273 K
50oF =
10oC =
283 K
640 acres =
2.59 km
68 F =
20 C =
293 K
36 mi2 =
93.2 km2
86oF =
30oC =
303 K
Volume Units
1 in3 =
1 ozUSA fluid =
-40oF =
16.4 mL
104 F =
40 C =
313 K
o
212 F =
100oC =
373 K
Velocity Units
2 tbs = 8 dramfluid =
29.6 mL
8 ozUSA fluid =
0.237 L
1 pintUSA fluid =
16 ozUSA fluid =
0.473 L
1 foot/sec =
1 quartUSA fluid =
32 ozUSA fluid =
0.946 L
1 mile/hour =
1.47 ft/s =
1.61 km/h
1.69 ft/s =
1.85 km/h
1 cup =
1 galUSA
1 ft3 =
1 yard3
1 drop =
1 babyspoon =
1 teaspoon =
1 tablespoon =
1 gill =
linear;
128 ozUSA fluid
3.79 L
1 knot minaut/h =
1728 in3 =
28.3 L
angular;
27 ft3 =
12 dp =
60 dp =
3 tsp =
0.765 kL or m3
0.0821 mL
0.986 mL
4.93 mL
14.8 mL
4 ozUSA fluid =
118 mL
1 RPM (r/min) =
1 deg/min =
1 deg/sec =
frequency
1 cycle/min =
0.305 m/s
1/60 1/s
0.291 mrad/s
0.0175 rad/s
1/60 c/s =
1/60 Hz
Acceleration Units
1 pintUSA dry =
33.6 in =
0.551 L
linear;
1 quartUSA dry =
3
67.2 in =
1.10 L
1 foot/sec2 =
0.305 m/s2
1 galUSA dry =
3
269 in =
4.40 L
1 in/sec2 =
0.0254 m/s2
1 peck =
2 galUSA dry =
8.81 L
angular;
1 bushel =
8 galUSA dry =
35.2 L
2
1 degree/sec =
3
277 in =
4.55 L
gravity;
31.5 galUSA =
119 L
1 g (on Earth) =
1 barreloil =
1 cord ft =
1 cord =
42 galUSA =
16 ft3 =
8 cord ft =
159 L
0.453 kL
3.62 kL
1 pound force =
1 ounce force =
1 tonregister =
100 ft
2.83 kL
1 poundal =
1233 kL
1 kip =
1 tonshort force =
1 galIMP =
1 barrelexc oil =
1 acre ft =
3
3
43560 ft
0.0175 rad/s2
2
32.2 ft/s =
9.81 m/s2
Force Unit
4.45 N
0.278 N
1 lb ft/s2
0.138 N
1000 lbf =
2000 lbf =
4.45 kN
8.90 kN
TABLE 17-2 OTHER CONVERSION FACTORS (CONTD)(ROUNDED)

Force Unit (CONT'D)
1 dyne =
1 kilogram force =
1 tonmetric force =
1 newton
Density Unit
1 kilopond =
0.01 mN
9.81 N
mass;
1 lb/ft3 =
16 kg/m3
1000 kgf =
1N=
9.81 kN
1 kgm/s2
1 lb/in3 =
1 lb/gal =
27.7 Mg/m3
120 kg/m3
3
1 kg/dm =
Torque Unit
1 lbf x ft =
1.36 Nm
1 lbf x in =
1 ozf x in =
1 kgf x m =
0.113 Nm
7.06 mNm
9.81 Nm
Pressure Unit
1 lbf/in =
1 lbf/ft2 =
1 psi =
6.89 kPa
47.9 Pa
1 atmint =
14.697 lbf/in2 =
101.325 kPa
1 bar =
100 kPa
1 inch Hg =
3.38 kPa
1 inch H2O =
0.249 kPa
1 kgf/cm =
1 mm Hg =
1 at =
1 torr =
1 mm H2O =
98.1 kPa
133 Pa
1 psi =
6.89 kPa
1 ksi =
6.89 MPa
1 lbf/in =
1 kip/in =
Work Unit
energy;
1 lbf x ft =
1 Btu =
1.36 Nm =
1.36 J
1.055 kJ
1 Mg/m3
gravity force;
1 lbf/ft3 =
1 lbf/in3 =
1 kgf/dm3 =
power;
157 N/m3
271 kN/m3
9.81 kN/m3
1 Btu/(ft2sec) =
1 cal/(cm2sec) =
11.3 kW/m2
41.8 kW/m2
1 W/in2 =
1.55 kW/m2
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Unit

1/oF =
1.8/oC =
1.8/K
Thermal Conductivity Unit

1 Btu in/(hft F) =
2 o
0.144 W/(mK)
1.73 W/(mK)
1 Btu/(hft F) =
Fuel Consumption Unit
9.81 Pa
Stress Unit
1 g/cm3 =
1 mi/gal =
235 L/(100 km)
1 mi/gal =
0.425 km/L
1 lb/(hph) =
SFC =
0.169mg/J
1 gal/(hph) =
1 g/(kWh) =
SFC =
1.41 L/J
0.278 g/J
Elasticity Unit
linear;
1 calheat =
4.19 J
1 lbf/in =
175 N/m
1 Calnutrition =
4.19 kJ
1 lbf/ft =
14.6 N/m
1 kgf x m =
1 erg =
1 dynecm =
1 kilowatt x hour =
heat capacity;
1 Btu/lb =
1 cal/g =
9.81 J
torsion;
0.1 J
1 lbfft/rad =
3.6 MJ
1 kgfm/rad =
1.36 Nm/rad
9.81 Nm/rad
Flow Unit
1 kcal/kg =
2.33 kJ/kg
4.19 kJ/kg
specific heat capacity;

o
1 Btu/(lb F) =
4.19 kJ/(kgK)
Power Unit
volume;
1 GPM =
1 gal/min =
63.1 mL/s
1 CFM =
3
1 ft /min =
0.472 L/s
1 gal/h =
1.05 mL/s
mass;
1 lbf x ft/sec =
1.36 W
1 lb/min =
7.56 g/s
1 lbf x ft/min =
22.6 mW
1 lb/sec =
0.454 kg/s
1 hpcust =
550 lbfft/s =
1 hpmetric =
1 Btu/h =
75 kgfm/s =
1 tonrefrig =
0.735 kW
0.293 W
3.52 kW
Time Unit
1 minute (min) =
1 hour (h) =
1 day (d) =
60 s
3600 s
86 400 s
Angle Unit
1 degree (o) =
1 min (') =
1 sec (") =
Mass Moment of Inertia Unit
0.746 kW
0.0175 rad
0.291 mrad
4.84 rad
1 lbft =
1 lbin2 =
42.1 gm2
0.293 gm2
Area Moment of Inertia Unit

Second, Polar;
1 in4 =
416 000 mm4
4
1 cm =
10 000 mm4
First, Section modulus;
3
16 400 mm3
1 in =
3
1 cm =
1 000 mm3
Surface Tension Unit
1 lbf/ft =
14.6 N/m
Conversion Factors (ACCURATE)

Accurate conversion factors are shown in Table 17-3. Multiplication factors shown with an asterisk * are exact, others are
rounded to the nearest seventh significant digit in accordance with the ANSI SI 10 standard.
The computer E format is used to indicate the power of 10 by which the number must be multiplied to obtain the correct value.
For examples of how to use the E format, see Table 2-7.
TABLE 17-3 CONVERSION FACTORS (ACCURATE) (ANSI SI 10)

To convert from
to
Multiply by
abampere
abcoulomb
abfarad
abhenry
abmho
abohm
abvolt
acre foot (USA survey)
acre (USA survey)
ampere hour
are (dam2)
angstrom
astronomical unit
atmosphere (standard)
atmosphere (technical = 1 kgf/cm2)
ampere(A)
coulomb (C)
farad (F)
henry (H)
siemens (S)
ohm ()
volt (V)
meter3 (m3)
meter2 (m2)
coulomb (C)
meter2 (m2)
meter (m)
meter (m)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
1.000 000*E+01
1.000 000*E+01
1.000 000*E+09
1.000 000*E-09
1.000 000*E+09
1.000 000*E-09
1.000 000*E-08
1.233 5 E+03
4.046 873 E+03 (1)
3.600 000*E+03
1.000 000*E+02
1.000 000*E-10
1.495 979 E+11 (2)
1.013 25*E+05
9.806 65*E+04
bar
barn
barrel (for petroleum, 42 gal)
biot (see also abampere)
board foot
British thermal unit (International Table)
British thermal unit (mean)
British thermal unit (thermochemical)
British thermal unit (39oF)
Btu (International Table) ft/hft2 oF
(k, thermal conductivity)
Btu (thermochemical) ft/hft2oF
Btu (International Table) in/hft2oF
Btu (thermochemical) in/hft2oF
Btu (International Table) in/sft2 oF
Btu (thermochemical) in/sft2oF
Btu per cubic foot (Btu/ft3)
Btu (International Table)/h
Btu (thermochemical)/h
Btu (thermochemical)/min
Btu (International Table)/s
Btu (International Table)/ft2
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2min
Btu (thermochemical)/ft2s
Btu (thermochemical)/in2s
Btu (International Table)/hft2oF
(C, thermal conductance)
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
meter3 (m3)
ampere (A)
meter3 (m3)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
1.000 000*E+05
1.000 000*E-28
1.589 873 E-01
1.000 000*E+01
(3)
1.055 056 E+03 (4)
1.055 87 E+03
1.054 350 E+03
1.059 67 E+03
1.054 80 E+03
1.054 68 E+03
watt per meter kelvin (W/mK)
1.730 735 E+00 (4)
1.729 577 E+00 (4)
1.442 279 E-01 (4)
1.441 314 E-01 (4)
5.192 204 E+02 (4)

joule per cubic meter (J/m3)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
joule per meter2 (J/m2)
joule per meter2 (J/m2)
watt per meter2 (W/m2)
5.188 732 E+02 (4)

3.725 895 E+04 (4)
2.930 711 E-01 (4)
2.928 751 E-01 (4)
1.757 250 E+01 (4)
1.054 350 E+03 (4)
1.135 653 E+04 (4)
1.134 893 E+04 (4)
3.152 481 E+00 (4)
1.891 489 E+02 (4)
1.134 893 E+04 (4)
1.634 246 E+06 (4)
watt per meter2 kelvin (W/m2K)
5.678 263 E+00 (4)
TABLE 17-3 CONVERSION FACTORS (ACCURATE)(CONT'D) (ANSI SI 10)

To convert from
Btu (thermochemical)/hft2oF
(C, thermal conductance)
Btu (International Table)/sft2oF
Btu (thermochemical)/sft2oF
Btu (International Table)/lb
Btu (thermochemical)/lb
Btu (International Table)/lboF
(c, heat capacity)
Btu (thermochemical)/lboF
(c, heat capacity)
bushel (USA dry)
caliber (inch)
calorie (International Table)
calorie (mean)
calorie (thermochemical)
calorie (15oC)
calorie (20oC)
calorie (kilogram, International Table)
calorie (kilogram, mean)
calorie (kilogram, thermochemical)
cal (thermochemical)/cm2
cal (International Table)/g
cal (thermochemical)/g
cal (International Table)/goC
to
Multiply by

joule per kilogram (J/kg)
5.674 466 E+00 (4)

2.044 175 E+04 (4)
2.042 808 E+04 (4)
2.326 000*E+03 (4)
2.324 444 E+03 (4)
joule per kilogram kelvin(J/kgK)
4.186 800*E+03 (4)
joule per kilogram kelvin(J/kgK)

meter3 (m3)
meter (m)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule per meter2(J/m2)
joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kgK)
4.184 000 E+03 (4)

3.523 907 E-02 (5)
2.540 000*E-02
4.186 800*E+00 (4)
4.190 02 E+00 (4)
4.184 000*E+00 (4)
4.185 80 E+00 (4)
4.181 90 E+00 (4)
4.186 800*E+03 (4)
4.190 02 E+03 (4)
4.184 000*E+03 (4)
4.184 000*E+04 (4)
4.186 800*E+03 (4)
4.184 000*E+03 (4)
4.186 800*E+03 (4)
cal (thermochemical)/goC
joule per kilogram kelvin (J/kgK)
4.184 000*E+03 (4)
cal (thermochemical)/min
cal (thermochemical)/s
cal (thermochemical)/cm2min
cal (thermochemical)/cm2s
cal (thermochemical)/cmsoC
carat (metric)
centimeter of mercury (0oC)
centimeter of water (4oC)
centipoise
centistokes
circular mil
clo
cup
curie
day (mean solar)
day (sidereal)
degree (angle)
degree Celsius
degree centigrade
degree Fahrenheit
degree Fahrenheit
degree Rankine
o
Fhft2/Btu (International Table)
(R, thermal resistance)
o
Fhft2/Btu (thermochemical)
(R, thermal resistance)
watt (W)
watt (W)
kilogram (kg)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
pascal second (Pas)
meter2 per second (m2/s)
meter2 (m2)
kelvin meter2 per watt (Km2/W)
meter3 (m3)
becquerel (Bq)
seconds (s)
seconds (s)
radian (rad)
kelvin (K)
6.973 333 E-02 (4)

4.184 000*E+00 (4)
6.973 333 E+02 (4)
4.184 000*E+04 (4)
4.184 000*E+02 (4)
2.000 000*E-04
1.333 22 E+03
9.806 38 E+01
1.000 000*E-03
1.000 000*E-06
5.067 075 E-10
2.003 712 E-01
2.365 882 E-04
3.700 000*E+10
8.640 000 E+04
8.616 409 E+04
1.745 329 E-02
tK = tC + 273.15
degree Celsius
kelvin (K)
kelvin (K)
tC = (tF - 32)/1.8
tK = (tF + 459.67)/1.8
tK = tR/1.8
1.761 102 E-01
1.762 280 E-01

To convert from
denier
dyne
dynecm
dyne/cm2
electronvolt
EMU of capacitance
EMU of current
EMU of electric potential
EMU of inductance
EMU of resistance
ESU of capacitance
ESU of current
ESU of electric potential
ESU of inductance
ESU of resistance
erg
erg/cm2s
erg/s
faraday (based on carbon-12)
faraday (chemical)
faraday (physical)
fathom
fermi (femtometer)
fluid ounce (USA)
foot
foot (USA survey)1
foot of water (39.2oF)
ft2
ft2/h (thermal diffusivity)
ft2/s
ft3 (volume; section modulus)
ft3/min
ft3/s
ft4 (moment of section)
ft/h
ft/min
ft/s
ft/s2
footcandle
footlambert
ftlbf
ftlbf/h
ftlbf/min
ftlbf/s
ftpoundal
free fall, standard (g)
gal
gallon (Canadian liquid)
gallon (UK liquid)
gallon (USA dry)
gallon (USA liquid)
to
kilogram per meter (kg/m)
newton(N)
newton meter (Nm)
pascal (Pa)
joule (J)
farad (F)
ampere(A)
volt (V)
henry (H)
ohm ()
farad (F)
ampere(A)
volt (V)
henry (H)
ohm ()
joule (J)
watt (W)
coulomb (C)
coulomb (C)
coulomb (C)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter3 (m3)
meter (m)
meter (m)
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
meter3 (m3)
meter4 (m4)
meter per second (m/s)
meter per second2 (m/s2)
lux (lx)
candela per meter2 (cd/m2)
joule (J)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
joule (J)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
Multiply by
1.111 111 E-07
1.000 000*E-05
1.000 000*E-07
1.000 000*E-01
1.602 19 E-19
1.000 000*E+09
1.000 000*E+01
1.000 000*E-08
1.000 000*E-09
1.000 000*E-09
1.112 650 E-12
3.335 6 E-10
2.997 9 E+02
8.987 554 E+11
8.987 554 E+11
1.000 000*E-07
1.000 000*E-03
1.000 000*E-07
9.648 70 E+04
9.649 57 E+04
9.652 19 E+04
1.828 8 E+00
1.000 000*E-15
2.957 353 E-05
3.048 000*E-01
3.048 006 E-01
2.988 98 E+03
9.290 304*E-02
2.580 640*E-05
9.290 304*E-02
2.831 685 E-02
4.719 474 E-04
2.831 685 E-02
8.630 975 E-03 (6)
8.466 667 E-05
5.080 00*E-03
3.048 000*E-01
3.048 000*E-01
1.076 391 E+01
3.426 259 E+00
1.355 818 E+00
3.766 161 E-04
2.259 697 E-02
1.355 818 E+00
4.214 011 E-02
9.806 650*E+00
1.000 000*E-02
4.546 090 E-03
4.546 092 E-03
4.404 884 E-03
3.785 412 E-03

To convert from
gal (USA liquid)/day
gal (USA liquid)/min
gal (USA liquid)/hph
(SFC, specific fuel consumption)
gamma
gauss
gilbert
gill (UK)
gill (USA)
grad
grad
grain (1/7000 lb avoirdupois)
grain (lb avoirdupois/7000)/gal
(USA liquid)
gram
g/cm3
gram-force/cm2
hectare
horsepower (550 ftlbf/s)
to
Multiply by
4.381 264 E-08
6.309 020 E-05
meter3 per joule (m3/J)

tesla (T)
tesla (T)
ampere(A)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
degree (angular)
radian (rad)
kilogram (kg)
1.410 089 E-09

1.000 000*E-09
1.000 000*E-04
7.957 747 E-01
1.420 654 E-04
1.182 941 E-04
9.000 000*E-01
1.570 796 E-02
6.479 891*E-05
kilogram per meter3 (kg/m3)

kilogram (kg)
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
watt (W)
1.711 806 E-02

1.000 000*E-03
1.000 000*E+03
9.806 650*E+01
1.000 000*E+04
7.456 999 E+02
horsepower (boiler)
horsepower (electric)
horsepower (metric 75 kgfm/s)
watt (W)
watt (W)
watt (W)
9.809 50 E+03
7.460 000*E+02
7.354 99 E+02
horsepower (water)
horsepower (UK)
hour (mean solar)
hour (sidereal)
hundredweight (long)
hundredweight (short)
inch
inch of mercury (32oF)
inch of mercury (60oF)
inch of water (39.2oF)
inch of water (60oF)
in2
in3 (volume; section modulus)
in3/min
in4 (moment of section)
in/s
in/s2
kayser
kelvin
kilocalorie (International Table)
kilocalorie (mean)
kilocalorie (thermochemical)
kilocalorie (thermochemical)/min
kilocalorie (thermochemical)/s
kilogram-force (kgf)
watt (W)
watt (W)
second (s)
second (s)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
meter (m)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
meter3 (m3)
meter4 (m4)
1 per meter (1/m)
degree Celsius
joule (J)
joule (J)
joule (J)
watt (W)
watt (W)
newton(N)
kgfm
newton meter (Nm)
9.806 650*E+00
kilogram (kg)
9.806 650*E+00
pascal (Pa)
9.806 650*E+04
kgfs /m (mass)
2
kgf/cm
7.460 43 E+02
7.457 0 E+02
3.600 000 E+03
3.590 170 E+03
5.080 235 E+01
4.535 924 E+01
2.540 000*E-02
3.386 38 E+03
3.376 85 E+03
2.490 82 E+02
2.488 4 E+02
6.451 600*E-04
1.638 706 E-05 (7)
2.731 177 E-07
4.162 314 E-07 (6)
2.540 000*E-02
2.540 000*E-02
1.000 000*E+02
tC = tK - 273.15
4.186 800*E+03
4.190 02 E+03
4.184 000*E+03
6.973 333 E+01
4.184 000*E+03
9.806 650*E+00

To convert from
kgf/m2
to
pascal (Pa)
Multiply by
9.806 650*E+00
kgf/mm2
pascal (Pa)
9.806 650*E+06
km/h
kilopond
kWh
kip (1000 lbf)

newton(N)
joule (J)
newton(N)
2.777 778 E-01

9.806 650*E+00
3.600 000*E+06
4.448 222 E+03
kip/in2 (ksi)
knot (international)
lambert
lambert
langley
league
light year
liter
maxwell
mho
microinch
micron
mil
mile (international)
mile (statute)
mile (USA survey)1
mile (international nautical)
mile (UK nautical)
mile (USA nautical)
mi2 (international)
mi2 (USA survey)1
mi/h (international)
mi/h (international)
mi/min (international)
mi/s (international)
millibar
millimeter of mercury (0oC)
minute (angle)
minute (mean solar)
minute (sidereal)
month (mean calendar)
oersted
ohm centimeter
ohm circular-mil
per foot
ounce (avoirdupois)
ounce (troy or apothecary)
ounce (UK fluid)
ounce (USA fluid)
ounce-force
ozfin
pascal (Pa)
joule per meter2(J/m2)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter3 (m3)
weber (Wb)
siemens (S)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter (m)
meter2 (m2)
meter2 (m2)
kilometer per hour (km/h)
pascal (Pa)
pascal (Pa)
radian (rad)
second (s)
second (s)
second (s)
ampere per meter (A/m)
ohm meter (m)
ohm millimeter2 per meter
(mm2/m)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
newton(N)
newton meter (Nm)
6.894 757 E+06

5.144 444 E-01
1/ *
E+04
3.183 099 E+03
4.184 000*E+04
(1)
9.460 55 E+15
1.000 000*E-03 (8)
1.000 000*E-08
1.000 000*E+00
2.540 000*E-08
1.000 000*E-06
2.540 000*E-05
1.609 344*E+03
1.609 3 E+03
1.609 347 E+03
1.852 000*E+03
1.853 184*E+03
1.852 000*E+03
2.589 988 E+06
2.589 998 E+06
4.470 400*E-01
1.609 344*E+00
2.682 240*E+01
1.609 344*E+03
1.000 000*E+02
1.333 22 E+02
2.908 882 E-04
6.000 000 E+01
5.983 617 E+01
2.628 000 E+06
7.957 747 E+01
1.000 000*E-02
oz (avoirdupois)/gal (UK liquid)

oz (avoirdupois)/gal (USA liquid)
oz (avoirdupois)/in3
oz (avoirdupois)/ft2

6.236 021 E+00

7.489 152 E+00
1.729 994 E+03
3.051 517 E-01
1.662 426 E-03

2.834 952 E-02
3.110 348 E-02
2.841 307 E-05
2.957 353 E-05
2.780 139 E-01
7.061 552 E-03

To convert from
to
oz (avoirdupois)/yd2
parsec2
peck (USA)
pennyweight
perm (0oC)

meter (m)
meter3 (m3)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram per pascal second
meter2
meter2
meter (kg/Pasm)
meter (kg/Pasm)
lumen per meter2 (lm/m2)
meter (m)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
meter (m)
pascal second (Pas)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram meter2(kgm2)
kilogram meter2(kgm2)
pascal second (Pas)
pascal second (Pas)
kilogram per second (kg/s)
perm (23 C)
permin (0 C)
o
permin (23 C)
o
phot
pica (printer's)
pint (USA dry)
pint (USA liquid)
point (printer's)
poise (absolute viscosity)
pound (lb avoirdupois)
pound (troy or apothecary)
lbft2 (moment of inertia)
lbin2 (moment of inertia)
lb/fth
lb/fts
lb/ft2
lb/ft3
lb/gal (UK liquid)
lb/gal (USA liquid)
lb/h
lb/hph
(SFC, specific fuel consumption)
lb/in3
lb/min
lb/s
lb/yd3
poundal
poundal/ft2
poundals/ft2
pound-force (lbf)
lbfft
lbfft/in
lbfin
lbfin/in
lbfs/ft2
lbf/ft
lbf/ft2
lbf/in
lbf/in2 (psi)
lbf/lb (thrust/weight [mass] ratio)
quart (USA dry)
quart (USA liquid)
Multiply by
3.390 575 E-02
3.085 678 E+16
8.809 768 E_03
1.555 174 E-03
(kg/Pasm2)
5.721 35 E-11
(kg/Pasm2)
5.745 25 E-11
kilogram per joule (kg/J)

newton(N)
pascal (Pa)
pascal second (Pas)
newton(N)
newton meter (Nm)
newton meter per meter (Nm/m)
newton meter (Nm)
newton meter per meter (Nm/m)
pascal second (Pas)
newton per meter (N/m)
pascal (Pa)
newton per meter (N/m)
pascal (Pa)
newton per kilogram (N/kg)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
1.453 22 E-12
1.459 29 E-12
1.000 000*E+04
4.217 518 E-03
5.506 105 E-04
4.731 765 E-04
3.514 598*E-04
1.000 000*E-01
4.535 924 E-01 (9)
3.732 417 E-01
4.214 011 E-02
2.926 397 E-04
4.133 789 E-04
1.488 164 E+00
4.882 428 E+00
1.601 846 E+01
9.977 633 E+01
1.198 264 E+02
1.259 979 E-04
1.689 659 E-07
2.767 990 E+04
7.559 873 E-03
4.535 924 E-01
5.932 764 E-01
1.382 550 E-01
1.488 164 E+00
1.488 164 E+00
4.448 222 E+00 (10)
1.355 818 E+00
5.337 866 E+01
1.129 848 E-01
4.448 222 E+00
4.788 026 E+01
1.459 390 E+01
4.788 026 E+01
1.751 268 E+02
6.894 757 E+03
9.806 650 E+00
1.101 221 E-03
9.463 529 E-04

To convert from
rad (radiation dose absorbed)
rhe
rod
roentgen
second (angle)
second (sidereal)
section
shake
slug
slug/fts
slug/ft3
statampere
statcoulomb
statfarad
stathenry
statmho
statohm
statvolt
stere
stilb
stokes (kinematic viscosity)
tablespoon
teaspoon
tex
therm
ton (assay)
ton (long, 2240 lb)
ton (metric, Mg)
ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT)
ton (refrigeration)
ton (register)
ton (short, 2000 lb)
ton (long)/yd3
ton (short)/yd3
ton (short)/h
ton-force (2000 lbf)
to
gray (Gy)
1 per pascal second (1/Pas)
meter (m)
coulomb per kilogram (C/kg)
radian (rad)
second (s)
meter2 (m2)
second (s)
kilogram (kg)
pascal second (Pas)
ampere(A)
coulomb (C)
farad (F)
henry (H)
siemens (S)
ohm ()
volt (V)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
meter3 (m3)
kilogram per meter (kg/m)
joule (J)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
kilogram (kg)
joule (J)
watt (W)
meter3 (m3)
kilogram (kg)
newton(N)
Multiply by
1.000 000*E-02
1.000 000*E+01
(1)
2.58
E-04
4.848 137 E-06
9.972 696 E-01
(1)
1.000 000*E-08
1.459 390 E+01
4.788 026 E+01
5.153 788 E+02
3.335 640 E-10
3.335 640 E-10
1.112 650 E-12
8.987 554 E+11
1.112 650 E-12
8.987 554 E+11
2.997 925 E+02
1.000 000*E+00
1.000 000*E+04
1.000 000*E-04
1.478 676 E-05
4.928 922 E-06
1.000 000*E-06
1.055 056 E+08
2.916 667 E-02
1.016 047 E+03
1.000 000*E+03
4.184 E+09 (11)
3.516 800 E+03
2.831 685 E+00
9.071 847 E+02
1.328 939 E+03
1.186 553 E+03
2.519 958 E-01
8.896 444 E+03
tonne
torr (mm Hg, 0oC)
township
unit pole
W h
W s
W/cm2
W/in2
yard
yd2
yd3
yd3/min
year (calendar)
year (sidereal)
year (tropical)
kilogram (kg)
pascal (Pa)
meter2 (m2)
weber (Wb)
joule (J)
joule (J)
meter (m)
meter2 (m2)
meter3 (m3)
second (s)
second (s)
second (s)
1.000 000*E+03
1.333 22 E+02
(1)
1.256 637 E-07
3.600 000*E+03
1.000 000*E+00
1.000 000*E+04
1.550 003 E+03
9.144 000*E-01
8.361 274 E-01
7.645 549 E-01
1.274 258 E-02
3.153 600 E+07
3.155 815 E+07
3.155 693 E+07
NOTES:
1.Since 1893 the USA basis for length measurement has been derived from metric standards. In 1959 a small refinement was
made in the definition of the yard to resolve discrepancies both in this country and abroad, which changed its length from
3600/3937 m to 0.9144 m exactly. The result in the new value being shorter by two parts in a million.
At the same time it was decided that any data in feet derived from and published as a result of geodetic surveys within the USA
would remain with the old standard (1 ft = 1200/3937 m) until further decision. This foot is named the USA survey foot.
As a result the USA land measurements in USA customary units will relate to the meter by the old standard. All the conversion
factors in this table for units referenced to this footnote are based on the USA survey foot, rather than the international foot.
Conversion factors for the land measures given below may be determined from the following relationships:
1 league = 3 miles (exactly)
1 rod = 16 feet (exactly)
1 section = 1 square mile (exactly)
1 township = 36 square miles (exactly)
2. This value conflicts with the value printed in NBS 330. The value requires updating in NBS 330.
3. No conversion factor is given for board foot because the board foot is not a well-defined unit of volume. Calculation of the
number of board feet in a piece of lumber is based on the nominal dimension of the cross section.
4.The British thermal unit used in these tables is the International Table Btu. The Fifth International Conference on the
Properties of Steam (London, July 1956) defined the calorie (International Table) as 4.1868 J. Therefore the exact conversion
factor for the Btu (International Table) is 1.055 055 852 62 kJ. Other conversion factors for the Btu include the following:
British thermal unit (mean)
1055.87 J
British thermal unit (thermochemical) 1054.350 J
o
1059.67 J
British thermal unit (39 F)
1054.80 J
British thermal unit (59 oF)
1054.68 J
British thermal unit (60 oF)
The calorie used in these tables is the thermochemical calorie, defined as 4.184 J exactly, which has
been widely used in scientific work. Other calories that have been seen practical application include
the following:
calorie (International Table)
4.186 8 J (by definition)
calorie (mean)
4.190 02 J
4.185 80 J
calorie (15 oC)
4.181 90 J
calorie (20 oC)
The International Table calorie has been frequently used in European engineering work. Various
kilocalories have often been used, sometimes being called kilogram-calories. The so-called calorie
(or Calorie) used in the field of nutrition is in fact a kilocalorie.
5.Agricultural are sold by the bushel in the USA. The mass per unit volume of such products varies considerably owing to
differences in variety, size, or condition of the commodity, tightness of pack, degree in which the container is heaped, etc. The
following conversion factors for one bushel are used by the USA Department of Agriculture for statistical purposes:
barley
21.8 kg
corn, shelled 25.4 kg
oats
14.5 kg
potatoes
27.2 kg
soybeans
27.2 kg
wheat
27.2 kg
6.This is sometimes called the moment of inertia of a plain section about a specified axis.
7.The exact conversion factor is 1.638 706 4 E-05.
8.In 1964 the General Conference on Weight and Measures adopted the name liter for the cubic decimeter. Prior to this
3
decision the liter differed slightly (previous value, 1.000 028 dm ) and in expression of precision volume measurement this fact
must be kept in mind.
9.The exact conversion factor is 4.535 923 7 E-01.
10.The exact conversion factor is 4.448 221 615 260 5 E+00.
11.Defined (not measured) value.
Conversion and Rounding Guide

Definitions
A clear understanding of the terms used in this design standard will help ensure reliable conversion and rounding practices.
These terms and definitions are as follows:
1. accuracy: The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to some referenced value, which may be specified
or unknown. This concept includes the systematic error of an operation, which is seldom negligible or known exactly. See
precision.
2. deviation: The algebraic difference between a size and the corresponding basic (nominal) size.
3. digit: One of the ten numerals (0 to 9) in the decimal number system.
4. dimension: A geometric element in a design, such as length or angle, or the magnitude of such a quantity.
5. feature: The general term applied to a physical portion of a part, such as a surface, pin, tab, hole, or slot.
6. figure (numerical): An arithmetic value expressed by one or more digits.
7. inch-pound (inch, customary, or imperial) units: Units based on the yard and the pound commonly used in NA and
defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Note that units having the same names in other countries
may differ in magnitude.
8. nominal value (basic size): A value assigned for designation. The size to which limits or deviations are assigned.
9. precision: The degree of mutual agreement between individual measurements, namely their repeatability and
reproducibility. See accuracy.
10. significant digits: Any digits in a number that is necessary to define a numerical value.
11. tolerance: The amount by which the value of a quantity is allowed to vary; thus, the tolerance is the algebraic difference
between the maximum and minimum limits.
Engineering specification and drawing conversion. Conversion of critical limit dimensions may require limits to be rounded
inwards or maximum size rounded down and minimum size rounded up if existing specified limits must be maintained. It is more
precise to convert limits rather than nominal size and tolerance where conversion errors accumulate. See SAE J390 Dual
Dimensioning or SAE J916 Rules for SAE use of SI (metric) units.
:
For everyday rounding of metric values obtained by converting untoleranced inch-pound values, the following simplified rules
are suggested; for more sophisticated rounding rules, see ANSI SI 10 or referenced SAE standards.
(a) If the inch-pound value is expressed by a combination of units such as feet and inches, or pound and ounces, first express
it in terms of the smaller unit.
Example: Change 14 ft 5 in to 173 in.
(b) When the digits to be discarded begin with a 5 or more, increase the last digit retained by one unit.
Example: 8.3745, if rounded to three digits, would be 8.37; if rounded to four digits, 8.375.
(c) Multiply the inch-pound value by the conversion factor. If the first significant* digit of the metric value is equal to or larger
than the first significant digit of the inch-pound value, round the metric value to the same number of significant digits as there
are in the inch-pound value.
*One or more zeros at the beginning of a number are not called significant. Zeros at the end of a number are not considered
significant unless their use results in a number that is closer to the true value than would occur if the number were increased or
decreased.
Examples:
11 mi x 1.609 km/mi = 17.699 km, which rounds to 18 km.

61 mi x 1.609 km/mi = 98.149 km, which rounds to 98 km.
If smaller, round to one more significant digit.

Examples: 66 mi x 1.609 km/mi = 106.194 km, which rounds to 106 km.
8 ft x 0.3048 m/ft = 2.438 m, which rounds to 2.4 m.
(d) Exceptions: It is sometimes better to round to one less digit than specified above. For example, according to Rule (c), 26
pounds per square inch air pressure in a tire would be converted as follows:
Example: 26 psi* x 6.895 kPa/psi = 179.27 kPa, which rounds to 179 kPa.
2
*psi is the abbreviation for pound-force per square inch (lbf/in ).
However, 180 kPa where the zero is not a significant digit usually would be better, because tire pressures typically are not
precise.
The rule do not apply to conversion of oF to oC scale.
(e) These simplified rules do not eliminate the necessity for using good judgment. If you believe that a dimension given as 8
ft is valid to the nearest 1/10 inch, you should consider it to mean 96.0 inches [per(a)] and treat it as having three significant
digits. The rounded dimension then would be 2.438 m, instead of 2.4 m.
Where an inch-pound value represents a maximum or minimum limit that must be respected, the rounding must be in a
direction that does not violate the original limit.

TC 12 Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors
Chapter 18
GENERAL INDEX
AFBMA, address of, 18
AFNOR, address of, 18
AGMA, address of, 18
round head square neck, 228, 229, 253*, 254*, 255*

Break mandrel blind rivets, 326, 329*, 331*
Break mandrel closed end blind rivets, 327, 333*, 335*
gear standards, 652, 653

rating formulas, 623-626
AISI, address of, 18
American gear standards, 652, 653
American National Accreditation Program for Registrar of
British gear standards, 617, 654, 655

BSI, address of, 19
Buckingham equations for gearing, 624
Bushings, self-aligning, 589
Quality Systems, see ANAPRQS
Cap screws, hexagon head, 243, 262*
American National Standards Institute, see ANSI
socket head, 243, 282*
ANAPRQS, 753
ANMC, address of, 18
Carbide inserts and tool holders, indexable throwaway, 721

CCPA, address of, 19
ANSI, address of, 18
CDA, address of, 19
catalog, 21
CEE, address of, 19
ANSI INDEX
Page
Standard
Page
ANSI/ASME B1.2
Standard
171
ANSI/ASME B18.3.3M
243, 267*, 360
ANSI/ASME B29.1
603, 604
ANSI/ASME B1.3M
194
ANSI/ASME B18.3.4M
ANSI/ASME B29.2
606
ANSI/ASME B1.6M
171
ANSI/ASME B18.3.5M
ANSI/ASME B29.3
604
ANSI/ASME B1.7
171
ANSI/ASME B18.3.6M
243, 268*, 360

198, 243, 269*,
360
200, 279, 286*,
ANSI/ASME B29.4
604
ANSI/ASME B1.7M
194
ANSI/ASME B1.10
170, 194
151, 152, 163,
164
165-168*, 169,
170
171, 172, 194,
232
169, 170, 172174
ANSI/ASME B1.13M
ANSI/ASME B1.16M
ANSI/ASME B18.5.1
ANSI/ASME B18.5.2.1
M
ANSI/ASME
B18.5.2.2M
ANSI/ASME
B18.5.2.3M
ANSI/ASME B18.6.4
Standard
Page
287*, 288*, 360
ANSI/ASME B29.8
603
197
ANSI/ASME B29.10
603
197,228, 253*, 360
ANSI/ASME B29.12
603, 605
229, 254*, 360
ANSI/ASME B29.15
603
229, 255*, 360
ANSI/ASME B29.17
603
202, 288
ANSI/ASME B29.19
605
ISO INDEX
Standard
ISO 1
ISO 3
ISO 4
Page
70
75*, 78*, 79*, 81
69
Standard
ISO 251
ISO 252
ISO 252-1
Page
649
649
649
Standard
ISO 642
ISO 643
ISO 657-1
Page
535
535
442*, 532
ISO 7-1
194
ISO 254
648
ISO 657-2
444-445*, 532
ISO 7-2
194
ISO 255
648
ISO 657-5
443*, 532
68
68
193, 194
153, 161*
193, 194
193
356
229*, 359
593
649
649
ISO 657-11
ISO 657-13
ISO 657-14
454*, 532
455*, 532
414-417*
421-422*
426-427*, 532
456*, 532
457*, 532
448-449*, 532
410-411*, 532
449*, 532
532
ISO 8
ISO 9
ISO 14
ISO 15
ISO 17
ISO 18
ISO 22
ISO 31-0-up
ISO 53
ISO 54
ISO 68-1
67
67
628*, 648
592
81
67
648
44
612*, 650
650
162*, 193, 194
ISO 259
ISO 259-2
ISO 261
ISO 262
ISO 263
ISO 272
ISO 273
ISO 281
ISO 282
ISO 283
ISO 68-2
193
ISO 284
NOTE: *Dimension Table. See page 806 for notes to this Index.
649
ISO 657-15
ISO 657-16
ISO 657-18
ISO 657-19
ISO 657-21
ISO 657-1-up
ISO 666
730

METRIC STANDARDS For Worldwide Manufacturing Summaries

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METRIC STANDARDS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

PREFACE to the 2005 edition:

PREFACE to the 2006 edition:

PREFACE to the 2007 edition:

PREFACE to the 2012 edition:

Massey Ferguson Inc., Detroit, Michigan, USA

Contributing International and National Standards Organizations

Addresses of the organizations listed are shown in Chapter 1 Table 1-1.

Contributing Individuals and their Organizations

Special Courtesy Note to Contributing Standards Bodies and Companies

ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

FIG. 1-1 PARTIAL ISO MEMBERSHIP STRUCTURE

METRIC AND INCH STANDARDS

ISO METRIC STANDARDS THE KEY TO WORLD TRADE

Norm means standard in English, German, and French

ACCELERATING PACE IN PUBLICATION OF ISO STANDARDS

A VISION OF THE FUTURE

THE ISO/IEC PRESIDENTS ADVISORY BOARD ON TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS (ABTT)

THE ISO/IEC AD HOC GROUP ON LONG-RANGE PLANNING (LRPG)

ISO DEFINITION OF STANDARDIZATION AND STANDARD

IMPORTANT OBJECTIVES OF STANDARDIZATION

former company standards

NORMAL DEVELOPMENT LEVELS OF A STANDARD

USER ACCEPTANCE OF STANDARDS

STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

Information Technology, established in 1987 by the ISO and IEC Councils.

EVOLUTION OF AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC)

REGIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

TABLE 1-1 ACRONYMS AND LINKS TO IMPORTANT STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

American Bearing Manufacturers Association

202 367 1155

202 367 2155

2025 M Street NW Suite 800

Association franaise de normalisation

11, avenue Francis de Pressens

American Gear Manufacturers Association

703 684 0211

1001 N Fairfax Street, Suite 500

703 684 0242

Alexandria, VA 22314-1587 USA

202 452 7100

1140 Connecticut Ave., NW Suite 705

Washington, DC 20036 USA

American National Metric Council

301 718 6508

301 656 0989

25 West 43rd Street 4 floor

American Petroleum Institute

202 682 8000

202 962 4739

4340 EW Highway, Suite 401

American National Standards Institute

Asian Standards Advisory Committee

American Society for Agricultural and

202 682 8114

269 429 0300

269 429 3852

800 336 5152

440 338 5151

St Joseph MI 49085-9659 USA