Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Prepared For

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Prepared for
EXPANSION OF PRESENT CO-GEN POWER PLANT OF 40 MW TO 62 MW i.e. ADDITIONAL 22 MW CO-GEN POWER PLANT
(M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd) at

Sy No. 166, Kulali cross, Jamakhandi road, Mudhol, Bagalkot district, Karnataka state.
Prepared by
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSULTANTS, # 529, SHANTHASHREE NIVAASA,

15TH MAIN, IST STAGE, 3RD BLOCK, MANJUNATHA NAGAR, BANGALORE-560 010, TEL: 080 23238733/ FAX: 080 23226484
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
CHAPTER-1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction about the M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd., is an existing Sugar factory of 500 TCD and expa nded the Sugar factory capacity to 5000 TCD in Stage I and proposes to achieve the ultimate capacity of 10,000 TCD in Stage II by the year 2010. It has also expanded bagasse based C o-generation Unit from 1.2 MW to 16 MW Capacity in the Ist stage and propose to expand further by 24 MW capacity in the II nd stage. They have got clearance for 10,000 TCD Sugar Plant & 40 MW Co-Generation Unit. M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd. Proposed for Expansion of Present Co-gen Power Plant of 40 MW to 62 MW i.e. additional 22 MW Co-gen Power Plant. The industry has applied for TOR to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) India and the MoEF has approved the TOR, which are enclosed. This expansion proposal will be developed on a plot area of about 2.22 Acres. In order to asses potential environmental impacts arising due to the Expansion of Present Co-gen Power Plant of 40 MW to 62 MW i.e. additional 22 MW Co-gen Power Plant project, M/s Environmental Health & Safety Consultants, Bangalore have been awarded the contract to carryout the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for a radius of 10 Kms around the proposed project site incorporating baseline data for various Environmental Components, viz. air, water, noise, land and biological along with the parameters of human interest and to prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts along with delineation of post project environmental monitoring programme. The base line study was conducted during Pre Monsoon season beginning from the month of March 2009 to May 2009 for air, water, noise including land, biological and socio-economic components of environment; identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts and delineation of environmental management plan for mitigation of adverse impacts due to the proposed project.
EHS Consultants, Bangalore.
1.2
Definition of EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a formal process used to predict how industrial development or construction project will affect natural resources such as water, air, land, socio -economic and wildlife. Environmental Impact Assessment studies have mostly been applied to individual projects and have led to various offshoot techniques, such as health impact assessments, social impact assessments, cumulative effects assessments, and strategic environmental assessments (environmental assessments of proposed policies, programs, and plans). In some cases, social and economic impacts are assessed as part of the environmental impact statements. In other cases, they are considered separately.
An EIA usually involves a sequence of steps: (1) Screening to decide if a project requires assessment and to what level of detail; (2) Preliminary assessment to identify key impacts, their magnitude, significance, and importance; (3) Scoping to ensure the EIA focuses on key issues and to determine, where more detailed information is needed; (4) Implementing the main EIA study, which involves detailed investigations to predict impacts, assess their consequences, or both.
1.3
Need for EIA
Every anthropogenic activity has some impa ct on the environment. More often it is harmful to the environment than benign. However, mankind as it is developed today cannot live without taking up these activities for his food, security and other needs. Consequently, there is a need to harmonize developmental activities with the environmental concerns. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the tools available with the planners to achieve the above-mentioned goal. It is desirable to ensure that the development options under consideration are sustainable. In doing so, environmental consequences must be characterized early in the project cycle and accounted for in the project design. The objective of EIA is to foresee the potential environmental problems that would arise
out of a proposed development and address them in the project's planning and design stage. The EIA process should then allow for the communication of this information to: (a) The project proponent; (b) The regulatory agencies; and, (c) All stakeholders and interest groups. EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities right at the time of initiating for preparing the feasibility report. In doing so it can enable the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design. 1.4 Indian Policies requiring EIA
The Environmental Impact Assessment in India was started in the year 1976-77 when the Planning Commission asked the then Department of Science and Technology to examine the river-valley projects from environmental angle. This was subsequently extended to cover those projects, which required approval of the Public Investment Board. These were administrative decisions, and lacked the legislative support. The Government of India enacted the Environment (Protection) Act on 23rd May 1986. To achieve the objectives of the Act, one of the decisions that were taken is to make environment impact assessment statutory. After following the legal procedure, a notification was issued on 27 th January 1994 and subsequently amended on 4th May 1994, 10 th April 1997, 27 th January 2000 and 7th July 2004 making environment impact assessment statutory for 32 projects /activities. The new EIA notification was issued on 14.09.06. This is the principal piece of legislation governing environment impact assessment. The Proposed Project falls under Category A [1(d ) in the Schedule in EIA Notification 2006]. Hence requires Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India for Operation. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment were studied /monitored.
Detailed flora fauna were carried out in the study area comprising of core and buffer zone for identification of existing species and classifying them as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 1.5 Scope of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)
The study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius around Expansion of Present Co-gen Power Plant of 40 MW to 62 MW i.e. additional 22 MW Co-gen Power Plant. for various identified environmental components viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio -economic. Under the scope of EIA, it is envisaged: To access the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socioeconomic components of the environment. To identify, quantify and evaluate significant impacts of operations on various environmental components. To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts. To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring programme to be pursued by M/s Nirani Sugars Limited, Bagalkot. 1.6 Components of EIA
The difference between Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA) and Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) is in the time-scale of the data supplied. REIA is for speedier appraisal process. While both types of EIA require inclusion / coverage of all significant environmental impacts and their mitigation, REIA ach ieves this through the collection of one season (other than monsoon) data only to reduce the time required. This is acceptable if it does not compromise on the quality of decision-making. The review of REIA submissions will show whether a comprehensive EIA is warranted or not. It is therefore clear that the submission of a professionally prepared Comprehensive EIA in the first instance would generally be the more efficient approach. Depending on nature, location and scale of the project EIA report should
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report contain all or some of the following components. v Air Environment v Noise Environment v Water Environment v Biological Environment v Land Environment v Socio -Economic and Health Environment v Risk Assessment v Environment Management Plan 1.7 Methodology for EIA
Keeping in view of the nature of activities of Expansion of Present Co-gen Power Plant of 40 MW to 62 MW i.e. additional 22 MW Co-gen Power Plant and as per the guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India, New Delhi, an area of 10 Km radius has been selected for Environment Impact Assessment studies. The work carried out is briefly reported below and described in detail in subsequent sections.
1.7.1
Air Environment
The parameters selected for Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) status are Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) and PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsBenzene soluble fraction). The meteorological data of proposed project site was monitored and collected for winter season and ground level concentrations of pollutants have been computed using computer simulation model Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST-3) of United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and considering guidelines stipulated by CPCB for air pollution dispersion modeling. The key emissions from the proposed plant will be emissions of Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2), Nitrogen Oxides (NO x).
1.7.2
Noise Environment
Noise levels were monitored in the study area to establish base line status. The anticipated in-plant noise sources are D.G Sets, Process Sections, Main Gate, Vehicular movement. The impact of these identified sources were studied and their mitigation measures are included for attenuation of the noise. 1.7.3 Water Environment
Information on water resources for both groundwater & surface was collected and assessed. Water resources were analyzed for physico-chemical (inorganic and organic) and bacteriological quality.
1.7.4
Land Environment
Field surveys were conducted to delineate classification of land use pattern around the study area. A number of villages situated in different directions and distances were selected for detailed characterization of land environment. Representative surface soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected for determination of soil characteristics that are significant to the nature of the project. Standard procedures were followed for soil sampling and analysis.
1.7.5
Socio -Economic Environment
Data on the demographic pattern, population density, educational facilities, agriculture income, fuel, medical facilities, health status, transport and recreational facilities were collected from the study area and analyzed. All the aforesaid environmental parameters have been used for identification, prediction and evaluation of significant impacts. An Environment Impact Statement (EIS) was prepared after identifying, predicting and evaluating the impacts. An environmental management plan has been delineated.
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 1.8 The EIA Cycle and Procedures The EIA process in India is made up of the following phases: Screening Scoping and consideration of alternatives Baseline data collection Impact prediction Assessment of alternatives, delineation of
mitigation
measures
and
environmental impact statement Public hearing Environment Management Plan Decision making Monitoring the clearance conditions 1.9 Organization of the Study Reconnaissance survey was conducted and sampling locations were identified on the basis of, a) Existing topography. b) Locations of water intake and effluent disposal points from domestic/other sources. c) Location of villages /towns/sensitive areas. d) Accessibility of power availability and security of monitoring equipment. e) Pollution pockets in the area. f) Areas that represent baseline conditions. 1.10 Applicable Environmental Regulations and Standards With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed expansion project: v Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1978 and 1988: v Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987:
v Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules, 1986 and amendments thereafter v Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989, as amended in 2000 and 20.05.2003. v The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended in 22.11.2000. v EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006. v Updated EIA Notification dated 1.12.2009.
CHAPTER-2.0 PROJECT SITE DETAILS

2.1 Introduction The Proposed expansion project is located in Sy.No. 166 at Kulali cross, Jamakhandi road, Mudhol, Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. The proposed land is 2.22 Acres for expansion activity. This is flat Land whereby Cutting-filling will be balanced and there will be No/Low Borrowing from Nature. Within 10 km Influence Zone, there is no Tropical Forest, Biosphere Reserve, National Park, Wild Life sanctuary and Coral Formation Reserve. The river Ghataprabha is 4.2 5 Kms away from the proposed site and the State Highway (SH-65) is around 0.45 Kms from the project site. 2.2 Brief History of Bagalkot
Bagalkot is 90 Km away from the city of Bijapur. According to a legend, the town was believed to be granted to the Vajantries (ie. Village orchestra) of Ravana. In inscriptions, the old name of the town was quoted as Bagadage, and headquarters of a unit called Bagadage70 under the Chalukyas. One of the Bijapur kings said to have presented the town to his daughter as a bangle or ornament money; consequently the place is said to have been called Bagdikot and corrupted to Bagilakote or Bagalkot. Earlier to this, Vijaynagar kings had held sway over this part of the country. between 1664 to 1755 this territory was under the management of the Savanur Nawab from whom it was annexed by the Peshwa, Balajirao. During 1778, Haider Ali took possession of Bagalkot and was later held by the Savanur Nawab as his vassal. Again it fell into the hands of the Marathas by the agreement of Srirangapattana (1792). In 1800, the provincial manager, Anandarao Bhikaji belonging to the Rastia family residing at bagalkot built a palace. In 1810, Peshwa Bajirao II gave the area to Nilkantharao Sarsubedar who held Bagalkot Fort supported by a garrison till Gen. Munro occupied it in 1818. The chief temples of the Place are of Shri Bhavani, Panduranga and Kotalesha, Raghavendraswamy Matha and of Motagi Basaveshwara. There is a Jaina basadi of Parshwanatha. The place has a Virakta matha. The Place has several mosues of which EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 9
Panka Masjid is a very fine stone structure. The civic administration is managed by the municipality. The Basaweshvara Vidyavardhaka Sangha here runs several colleges and education institutions and the late S.C. Nandimath, noted scholar was closely connected with this organization. The place was a noted centre of freedom movement and also of Unification movement. It is on the banks of the Ghataprabha river and after the completion of Second stage of Upper Krishna Project, a large part of the the town is expected to be submerged (Already Submerged).The place has a cement factory and it is a centre of trade in cotton and groundnut. Kaladgi is a big village situated on the South bank of the Ghataprabha river, about 24 Km from Bagalkot. In the initial stages of the British regime, cavalry was stationed here by the Southern Maharashtra Jahgirdars. It was found to be a very suitable place for the movement of troops. After the war, in 1864 it was made the district headquarters. in 1884 the district Hq was shifted to Bijapur. In this place is a fine temple of Basavanna, built out of famous Shelli Keri Blackstone,. In geological circles Kaladgi range is very familiar. The place is well known for fruit gardens. Several old buildings and tombs of the British days, still remain at this place. The town has a town Panchayat and a Khadi production Unit. Historically It is the home land of great chalukya dynasty. Aihole is place described as the laboratory for architecture rather university of Indian architecture. Badami is famous internationally for caves carved in monolithic single stone in the period of Immadi Pulakeshi-I along with historical famous temples of Pattadakal, Mahakuteshwar temple in Mahakuta, Shivayogmandir and Banashankari temple in Badami. Mudhol is the birth place of great poet Ranna. Bilagi taluka Galagali village is famous for Galava Maharshi. Jamakhandi was the capital city during the period of PatawardhanaKingdom. Kudalsangam the place where the great social revolutionist of 12 th century lord Basavanna was educated. The galaxy of sharanas lived in this Holy Land is itself a matter of pride. The district has 605 Revenue villages and 244 habitations and 270 wards as per the recent house to house survey Jan 2001. Some of the tandas are declared as revenue villages. The district for the administrative purpose has been divided in to 2 divisions Bagalkot and Jamakhandi. Bagalkot division comprises of 3 taluks. Bagalkot, Badami, Hungund and EHS Consultants, Bangalore.
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Jamakhandi divisions comprise of 3 taluks namely Jamakhandi, Mudhol and Bilagi. With re-organization of the district in 1997, the new Bagalkot district has come into existence during 50 th year of Indias independence. The bifurcated Bagalkot district consists of six C.D. blocks namely Badami, Bagalkot, Bilagi, Hunugund, Jamakhandi and Mudhol. The district is located in the northern part of Karnataka. The most elevated portion of the district lies between 450 to 800 meters above the sea level extends over an area of 6593 sq. kms. The district is bounded by Bijapur district towards north , Gadag district towards south, Raichur district towards east, Koppal district towards south east and Belgaum district towards west.
, ,
2.3
Rivers
The important rivers are Malaprabha, Ghatprabha and Krishna in the district. 2.4 Climate & Rainfall
The climate of the district is hot and dry. Hot season starts from middle of the February to end of May. Post monsoon is during October and November. Cold season is from December to middle of February. The normal average rainfall is 560 mm and number of rainy days are 35.
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Table 2.1: Location features of the proposed project site Sl.No 1 Features Location Particulars Sy Nos. 166, Kulali Cross, Jamakhandi road, Mudhol, Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Present Land use Temp., Max and Min Average Humidity Annual Rainfall Soil Type Topography Nearest Village Nearest Town Nearest Industry Latitude Longitude Industrial 27 0C to 42 0C and 14 0C to 26 0 C 65% 560 mm (average) Black Cotton Soil Plain Malapur Mudhol M/s Nirani Sugars Limited (Within Site itself) 16 02101.44 N 75 01612.76 E
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Table 2.2: Environmental Settings around the proposed project site (Within 10 Kms Radius) Sl.No 1 Description Nearest Highway Details SH 65 located at a distance of 0.45 Kms from the plant in Eastern Direction. SH 18 is located at a distance of 0.95 Kms from the plant in the Southern Direction. 2 3 4 Nearest Water body Nearest Village Nearest Taluk Ghataprabha River located at a distance of 4.25 Kms from the plant. Malapur Village is located at a distance of 3.0 Kms from the plant. Mudhol Taluk is located at a distance of 4.5 Kms from the pla nt.
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Table 2.3: Environmental Settings around the proposed project site Sl.No Description Details Almatti Dam Located at a distance of 66 1 Nearest Reservoir Kms from the plant in the Eastern direction. Bagalkot Bijapur Railway Line located at a distance of 62 Kms from the plant in 2 Nearest Railway lines Eastern direction. Belgaum Miraj Railway line located at a distance of 52 Kms from the plant in Western direction. Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur) located at a distance 3 Nearest Heritage site of 72 Kms from the plant in Northeast direction. 4 Nearest National park / Reserved Forest 5 6 7 8 Nearest Biosphere Reserve Nearest Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Defense Installation Nearest Highway Nil Nil Nil SH 20 located at a distance of 26 Kms from the plant in Southern direction. Nil
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SH 65 located at a distance of 0.45 Kms from the plant in Eastern direction. NH 218 located at a distance of 40 Kms from the plant in Eastern direction. 9 Nearest Water body Ghataprabha River located at a distance of 4.25 Kms from the plant. 10 Nearest densely populated place Mudhol Taluk located at a distance of 4.5 Kms from the plant. 11 Nearest High Level Canal Almatti Dam Located at a distance of 66 Kms from the plant in the Eastern direction. 12 Nearest Village Malapur Village located at a distance of 3 Kms from the plant.
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Figure 2.1: Location of the Proposed Expansion Project Site
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Figure 2.2: Location Map
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10 Km Radius
Figure 2.3: Location of the proposed expansion project site on the Topo sheet
(Survey of India: Topo sheet Nos. 47 P/3 & 47 P/7 Scale: 1:50,000)
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Figure 2.4 : Proposed Site & Site Surrounding Photographs
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Agriculture Land
Agriculture Land
Agriculture Land Towards Jamakhandi
Agriculture Land
Agriculture Land
Private Land Towards Project Site
Agriculture Land Proposed Project Site (M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd)
Agriculture Land
Private Land Agriculture Land Agriculture Land
Towards Mudhol
Private Land
Figure 2.5: Aerial View of the Proposed Expansion Project showing salient features
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CHAPTER 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Project Details
M/s. Nirani Sugars Ltd, established the Sugar Plant of 10000 TCD & Co-Gen power plant of 40 MW at Sy No. 166, Kulali cross, Jamakhandi road, Mudhol taluk, Bagalkot district, Karnataka state, India. Within 10 km Influence Zone, there is no Tropical Forest, Biosphere Reserve, National Park, Wild Life sanctuary and Coral Formation Reserv e. The River Ghataprabha is 4.25 Kms away from the proposed site and the State Highway is around 0.45 Kms from the project site. Table 3.1: Salient features of the Proposed Project Sl.No 1 Items Objective of the Project Particulars Expansion of Present Co-gen Power Plant of 40 MW to 62 MW i.e. additional 22 MW Co-gen Power Plant. 2 3 4 5 Promoters Total Investment Project location Extent of land M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd. Rs. 85 Crores Sy Nos. 166, Kulali Cross, Jamakhandi Road, Mudhol Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka State. Total land area of existing Sugar Unit & Co-Gen 71.5 acres. Total land area for expansion 2.22 acres. Green Belt Development 24.5 acres (34.26% of total site area). 6 7 8 9 Category of Project Man Power Raw Materials Water demand and Category A [1(d) in the Schedule in EIA Notification 2006]. 50 No.s Bagasse & Coal Surface water 300 cum/day. Ghatprabha River 4.25 Kms distance from the Site.
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Source 10 Power supply Total Power requirement for the proposed project 2000 KWH & the same will be taken from existing Sugar Plant. 11 By products/ solid wastes 12 14 Latitude Longitude Domestic Waste from factory labours, Office activity & Garden trash Industrial Waste - Ash from Boiler 16 02101.44 N 75 01612.76 E
Table 3.2: Table showing Break up of land requirement of existing & proposed plant
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12
Break up of land requirement Sugar plant, offices & guest house, etc. Sugar Godowns Boiler, Power house and D.M. plant Molasses storage tanks Internal roads Bagasse yard Pressmud and fly ash storage yard Cane storage yard Effluent Treatment Plant for Sugar unit of 10000TCD Green Belt Land for expansion Others Total Area
Land in Acres 6.0 2.5 3.5 2.0 3.5 5.0 6.0 12.5 2.0 24.5 2.22 1.78 71.5
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3.1.1 Raw Materials and Utilities M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd proposes for expansion of present Co-gen Power Plant of 40 MW to 62 MW i.e. additional 22 MW Co-gen Power Plant which requires following raw materials and utilities. The main raw material requirement for the production of power is Bagasse and the same is abundantly available in the existing Sugar Unit. Other requirement such as Coal will be procured from outside. Physical & Chemical properties of raw material is as follows: Table 3.3: Physical and Chemical properties of Bagasse & Coal Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3.2 Characteristics Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur Moisture Ash GCV Units % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w % % Kcal/Kg Bagasse 23.5 3.4 21.55 0 0.05 50 1.5 2250 Coal 55.45 5.49 10.76 1.0 0.3 20 7.0 5200
Process Description
This is one of the units among the several sugar plants, which have come up in Karnataka State in recent years. At present Bagasse is being used for generation of power. The technology of power generation is bagasse (85%- 46.36 TPH) & Coal (15% - 3.6 TPH) will be used for additional 22 MW Co Gen power plant during on & off Season respectively. Coal will be procured during On & Off season. Bagasse will be procured during off season. The raw materials required for generation power is bagasse which is a by product obtained from crushing of sugar cane in sugar factory & coal which will be procured. The sugar cane is brought to the factory site by trucks, tractors & bullock card. First the sugar cane is weighed in weigh bridge & sends it to the crushing section in the Sugar unit. After crushing of sugar cane, bagasse is obtained & is used as a principal raw material for the generation of power & coal will be procured.
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Bagasse is used as fuel in boiler which generates steam. This steam is used to generate the power by using turbines in power house and the power generated will be supplied to state grid. 3.3 Water Budget for Proposed Expansion Project:
300 T/D
D.M. Plant 10 T/hr
Boiler 120T/hr
Storage Tank
Loss 2.8 T/hr
Steam 120 T/hr
Turbine
Process Requirement
Condensate 112. 8 T/hr
Figure 3.1: Water Balance Chart
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 3.4 PROCESS FLOW SHEET:
Boiler: 120TPH Pressure 87kg/cm2 Temp: 515 Deg C
Steam from boiler to Turbine of 22MW
Return condensate to process house Pre: 1.5kg/cm2 Temp: 130deg C Exhaust steam Back to boiler the temp 95 Deg C
Condensed water
DM Water make up around 10% of total circulating water & initial fillup
D.M. Plant
Figure 3.2: Process flow sheet
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Bagasses 46.36T/H+Coal 3.6T/H BOILER 120T/H Water 300 T/D Turbine 22 MW
Power
Condensate to Boiler 112.8 T/h
Steam to process 120 T/h
Figure 3.3 : Material Balance
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CHAPTER 4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

4.1 Introduction
This Environmental Impact Assessment Study report will give an assessment of the various environmental impacts likely to be caused on the surrounding nature in and around the proposed project. It will also incorporate the appropriate control measures required to be adopted or implemented in order to minimize the adverse effects thereof. In order to carry out such assessment study, it is first necessary to delineate and define the existing environmental factors in and around the proposed project on the existing environmental scenario which will include various environs like ecology, Flora-fauna, socio economic profiles, environmental quality in respect of air, water, noise & soil etc. This section incorporates the description of the existing environmental settings within the area encompassed by a circle of 10 Km radius around the proposed project site. The base line study was conducted during Pre Monsoon season beginning from the month of March 2009 to May 2009 .
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4.2 i)
Baseline Data Primary data has been collected of various environmental aspects Parameter Air Quality Water Soil Noise Level Ecology Geology and Hydrology Land use Socio-Economic ii) Locations for proposed data collection 12 locations 06 locations 07 locations 12 locations Study Area Study Area Study area Study Area Source Primary Primary Primary and Secondary Primary Primary and Secondary Secondary Primary and secondary Secondary
Secondary data will be collected from published sources and Government agencies
Census data Industrial data
Revenue Department Industries department and Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
4.3
Land Environment
An area covering 10 km radius, with project site as center, is considered as the study area. 4.4 Land use Pattern
Agriculture is the most important means of survival in the district. Over 65% of the working people in Bagalkot district are engaged in agriculture. It should be significantly noted that 80% of female workers in the district are engaged in agriculture. Jovar crop constitute the chief food of the people of this region. Pulses are also cultivated in this region, principally gram, Tuvar daal, Kulith and moong daal. The district also grows Linseed, castor oil and sesamum. Reservoirs like the Kendur reservoir provide water for irrigation.
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Table 4.1: Land utilization pattern of the Bagalkot District Sl.No 1. 2. 3. 4. Forest Geographical Area Non-Agricultural Land Barren Land Land classification Area (in hectares) 11,611 93,627 3420 2732
4.4.1
Soil Characteristics
The proposed project site has Black Cotton Soil and is suitable for agriculture and horticulture crops. The soil samples collected from the proposed project site and within the study area too was analyzed for important parameters and the results of the soil quality are tabulated in Table 4.2 .
Table 4.2: Soil Quality Analysis

Sl. No 1 2 Parameters pH Organic Matter, mg/Kg Conductivity mhos/cm (1:10 W/V) Sulphate, mg/Kg Sodium, mg/Kg Potassium, mg/Kg Calcium, mg/Kg Nitrate, mg/Kg Magnesium, mg/Kg S1 Project Site 5.4 80.0 S2 Project Site 7.6 135.0 S3 Mudhol 7.1 142.0 S4 Malapur 7.3 90.0 S5 Kulali 7.2 112.0 S6 Malali 7.3 140.0 S7 Budnal 6.8 82.0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
988.0 148.0 172.0 83.0 220.0 18.0 88.0
1060.0 240.0 210.0 498.0 315.0 21.0 102.0
905.0 350.0 618.0 814.0 320.0 25.0 135.0
888.0 180.0 136.0 280.0 146.0 15.6 56.0
1150.0 240.0 196.0 318.0 180.0 19.5 68.0
964.0 144.0 156.0 248.0 292.0 12.8 88.0
876.0 160.0 96.0 180.0 157.0 16.0 59.0
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10 11 12 13 14
Total Phosphorus, mg/Kg Moisture (%) Iron, mg/Kg Total Nitrogen, mg/Kg Zinc, mg/Kg
0.20 28.0 3800.0 50.0 29.0
0.90 29.0 6200.0 48.0 32.0
0.75
0.68
1.2
0.80
1.8
25.0 4500.0 62.0
30.0 5200.0 48.0
27.0 4800.0 36.0
29.0 4300.0 44.0
25.0 7800.0 56.0
48.0
37.0
64.0
39.0
69.0
4.5 Air Environment The study area includes Industrial and Residential environment. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out at twelve locations within 10 Kms radius study area including one AAQMS in downwind direction. The results are tabulated below. T he National Ambient Air Quality standard is given in the table 4.3 . This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The secondary data with respect to ambient air quality is also reviewed from published reports. Table 4.3: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Timeweighted average Annual Average* Concentratio n in ambient air Residential Industrial Sensitive , Rural & Areas Areas other Areas 80 g/m3 60 g/m3 Method of measurement
Pollutants Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
15 g/m 3 - Improved West and Geake Method - Ultraviolet Fluorescence 30 g/m 3 15 g/m 3 - Jacob & Hochheiser Modified (Na -Arsenite) Method 3 30 g/m - Gas Phase Chemiluminescence
24 hours** Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Annual Average*
120 g/m3 80 g/m3
80 g/m3 60 g/m3
24 hours**
120 g/m3
80 g/m3
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Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Annual Average*
360 g/m3 140 g/m3
70 g/m 3
- High Volume Sampling, (Average flow rate not less than 1.1 m3/minute). - Respirable particulate matter sampler
24 hours** Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) (size less than 10 microns) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Annual Average* 24 hours** 8 hours** 1 hour
500 g/m3 200 g/m3 100 g/m3 120 g/m3 60 g/m3 50 g/m 3
150 g/m3 100 g/m3 5.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 10.0 mg/m3
75 g/m 3 1.0 mg/ - Non Dispersive Infra m3 Red (NDIR) Spectroscopy
4.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3
NOTE: 1. Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. 2. 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
Table 4.4: Emission Standards prescribed by CPCB & KSPCB for Thermal Plant EFFLUENT THERMAL POWER PLANT : STANDARDS FOR LIQUID EFFLUENTS Concentration not to exceed, mg/l (except for pH & Temp.) Condenser Cooling Water (once pH 6.5 to 8.5 through higher cooling system) Temperature* Not more than 5 oC than the higher intake water temperature Boiler Blow down Free available Chlorine 0.5 Suspended solids 100 Oil & grease 20 Copper (Total) 1.0 Iron (Total) 1.0 EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 31 Source Parameter
Cooling Tower Blow down
As pond effluent
Free available Chlorine 0.5 Zinc 1.0 Chromium (Total) 0.2 Phosphate 5.0 Other corrosion inhibiting Limit to be established on material on case by case basis by Central Board in case of Union Territories and State Boards in case of States pH 6.5 to 8.5 Suspended solids 100 Oil & grease 20
* Limit has been revised, please see new limit at Sr. No. 66C of the document Source: EPA Notification [S.O. 844(E), dt 19th Nov; 1996]
Thermal Power Plant :Emission Standards Generation Capacity Pollutant Emission limit 150 mg/Nm 300 mg/Nm3
3
Generation capacity 210 MW or more Particulate matter Generation capacity less than 210 MW Particulate matter
* Depending upon th e requirement of local situation, such as protected area, the State Pollution Control Boards and other implementing agencies under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, may prescribe a limit of 150 mg/Nm , irrespective of generation capacity of the plant.
3
Thermal Power Plants : Stack Height/Limits Generation Capacity 500 MW and above 275 200 MW/210 MW and above to less 220 than 500 MW Stack Height (Metres)
Source : EPA Notification [G.S.R. 742(E), dt. 30th Aug; 1990]
32
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4.5 .1 Selection of Sampling Stations
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations: Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale. Topography of the study area. Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status. Representatives of likely impact areas.
In order to establish the baseline air quality status in a study area, about 12 Ambient Air Quality stations were selected in and around the 10 Kms radius study area of the proposed project site including one station in downward direction. These stations were selected on the basis of even distribution over the study area taking in to consideration various factors like topography of the region, proximity of sensitive establishment and human settlements, industrial activities in the area and its proximity, down wind direction etc. The details of these Ambient Air quality-sampling stations are given below in Table 4.5 and their locations are as shown in Figure.4.1.
33
A7 A11
A5 A4
A10
A2 A6 A1 A12 A8
A3
A9
Figure 4.1: Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
34
Table 4.5: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Monitoring Station Code A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 Name of the Monitoring Station Project Site Project Site Mudhol Malapur Shirol Sorgoan Kulali Uttar Rugi Budnal Mugalkhod Nagrol Distance from the Project site (Kms) --4.5 3.0 5.0 2.9 5.5 5.9 6.8 7.9 6.1 9.2
35
Table 4.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Name of Monitoring Stations Industrial Limits A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 Project Site Project Site Mudhol Malapur Shirol Sorgaon Kulali Uttar Rugi Budnal Mugalkhod Nagrol Parameters SPM (g/m3) 500 95.4 92.1 135.4 102.3 104.3 106.8 105.7 109.7 114.7 100.5 111.4 119.2 RSPM (g/m 3) 150 47.3 49.6 65.9 50.1 52.3 48.6 57.1 53.9 51.3 45.2 52.4 49.1 NO x (g/m3) 120 3.6 4.1 4.6 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.8 2.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 SO 2 (g/m3) 120 1.5 1.9 2.3 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3
Code
36
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4.5.2 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Survey
The monitoring was done at 12 locations including one station in the downwind direction. The baseline data of air environment is generated for the below mentioned parameters: Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2). Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x). Particulate Matter (SPM) i. Duration of Sampling: The duration of sampling of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NO x is on 24 hourly basis. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (JULY 20, 2002). ii. Method of Analysis: The air samples are analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Indian Standards: 5184 and American Public Health Organization (APHA). iii. Sampling and Analytical Techniques Particulate Matter (SPM), SO2 and NO x. Ambient Air laden with Suspended Particulate Matter enters the system through an inlet in the sampler. As the air passes through the cyclone, coarse, nonRespirable dusts are separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces on the solid particles. These separated particles are collected in a cup attached to the cyclone hopper. The remaining particles, which constitute Respirable fractions, are collected on the filter paper; present in ambient air is sucked through the cyclone. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 lt. per minute (LPM). iv. Selections of Instruments for Air Quality Sampling & Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants. The calibration is carried out when ever new absorbing solutions are prepared. The instruments used for air sampling were pre-calibrated.
37
Table 4.7: Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Sl. No. 1 2. 3. Parameter Particulate Matter (PM) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Oxide (NO 2) Instrument used for monitoring Envirotech Respirable Dust Sampler Envirotech Respirable Dust Sampler Envirotech Respirable Dust Sampler
4.6
Noise Level Survey
Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human being to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and heavily favored of these scales is the A weighted decibel dB (A). The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise
according to the response of a human ear. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on: Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It is well know n that a steady noise is not as annoying as one, that is continuously varying in loudness; The time of day at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; The location of the noise sources, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of noise exposure 4.6.1 Method of Monitoring Noise measurements were undertaken at 12 locations including the project site for 24hr duration. The day noise level has been monitored during 6 AM to 9 PM and night levels during 9 PM to 6 PM.
38
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4.6.2 Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)
The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation: L eq(hrly) = L50+(( L10 - L90)2 / 60) L day : Is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 AM to 9 PM) L night : Is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (9 PM to 6 AM). Ambient Noise Level Standards presented in Table: 4.8 Table 4.8: Ambient Noise Level Standards Area code A B C D Note: v Daytime is reckoned in between 6 a.m., and 9 p.m. v Nighttime is reckoned in between 9 p.m., and 6 a.m. v Silence zone is defined as areas up to 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. v Mixed categories of areas should be declared as ''one of the four above mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standard shall apply Category of Area Industrial area Commercial area Residential area Silence zone Limit in dB (A) Leq Day Time 75 65 55 50 Night Time 70 55 45 40
39
Ambient Noise Level Monitoring were conducted at 12 locations in and around the proposed project site within 10 Kms radius study area for parameters like Leq Day dB(A) and L eq Night dB(A) are indicated in the Table 4.9.
40
N7 N11
N6
N10
N4 N2N1 N8 N5 N12 N9 N3
Figure 4.2: Location of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Stations
41
Table 4.9 : Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results Code Location Industrial Limits N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 4.7 Ecology 4.7.1 Flora It is necessary to know the configuration of vegetation, plantation, animals, birds, aquatic life, wild life features, bird sanctuaries, national parks, reserved forests etc., in the study area in order to assess the probable effect likely to be reflected on the existence of these features after the commissioning of the proposed project. Project Site Project Site Residential Limits Mudhol Malapur Uttur Shirol Kulali Malali Gulgal Jambgi Budnal Mugalkhod Rugi Leq Day dB(A) 75 54.3 53.8 55 52.3 44.6 48.2 47.5 51.0 53.6 50.6 48.3 47.6 45.9 Leq Night dB(A) 65 39.8 41.3 45 38.6 33.1 41.3 32.1 39.9 44.4 36.3 36.2 33.1 31.3
Distance from the proposed Project site (Kms) --4.5 3.0 5.9 5.0 5.5 7.5 9.2 7.9 6.1 6.7
42
The vegetation in the surrounding area was studied randomly to assess the representative flora in and around the project site. The commonly observed trees were Ala, Babul, Chinch, Umbar, Apta etc. Shrubs like Chadurang, Lekki, Kavali, Torni etc. and Herbs like Anatmul, Nachike mullu are found in the study area. In the study area, most of the land is industrial, agricultural and residential oriented. As a result, there is no major suitable habitat for either natural flora or fauna other than domestic animals, birds and reptiles. 4.7.2 Fauna Wild animals- It is found that 6.2 % of land area belongs to reserved forest. Wild animals like Wolf, Common Mongoose, Wild pig, Common Jackal are found in this study region. Reptiles Harmless and harmful snakes are found in the study area. Both species and individuals are numerous, and barren and rocky hills, little frequented by man, give innumerable hiding places which favour their existence. Some best-known species found here like Cobra, Rat snake, Russells viper, etc. Birds In the study area 17 species of birds are observed. Many loving birds like Baya, Bulbul, Koel, Peacock, Tailor birds etc. are found in this region. Butterflies and insects Varieties of butterflies and insects found here are commonly observed species in agricultural lands and forest areas. No endangered and rare butterfly or insect is present in the region. Amphibians Amphibians are found in fresh water and marshy places. Frogs, toads are common. 4.7.3 Agricultural Pattern Bagalkot is devoid of large canopy tree vegetation; the region is semi-arid . The Krishna River, Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River flow through the region but are non perennial. Soil in the area can be categorised as either the majority black or minority red. Black soil retains moisture and is often used for the cultivation of cotton. Rabi and jowar are primarily cultivated in Bagalkot, as are groundnut, cotton, maize, bajra , wheat, sugarcane and tobacco. The district is also rich in mineral wealth. The village of Kaladgi, located 24 km from the town of Bagalkot harbours copper. Iron ore also exists in the southern part of the
43
district. Like much of Karnataka, the gneiss is the most common rock family. Common rock types in the region include greenstone, quartzite, sandstone and limestone. The dry climate makes the region susceptible to drought and crop failure. The average rainfall in the region is approximately 318 mm annually. Bagalkot has not been affected by major seismic activity due to it being located in the stable Zone II. The average elevation in this area reaches approximately 610 m. The climate is warm and dry through out the year and rainfall is scarce. Bagalkot district receives the lowest rainfall annually in Karnataka. The months of September and December account for about 52% of the total annual rainfall. 4.7.4 Vegetation Structure The structure of vegetation does not only depend on the number of species. Out of hundred species present in the forest, a relatively few exert a major controlling influence by virtue of their size, structure, physiogamy and number. It is again dependent on the height difference. Overall structure of the vegetation of this area is scattered scrubland interspersed with grasslands. It is dominated by few tree species like Prosopis Juliflora, Acacia sp, Azadirachta India. This vegetation structure is the result of extreme local environmental factors. The commonly observed naturally occurring trees species are Prosopis spicgera, Acadia Nilotica, Acacia leucophloea and Azadirachta indica are found growing on agricultural bunds. It was observed that vegetation along the dry streambeds is remarkably different than that of the other vegetation.
4.7.5 Faunal Composition Fauna of a particular region indicates environmental conditions and the well being of the population residing in the region. Faunal studies help to understand the well being of a nature and functioning of ecosystems. It helps to monitor pollution levels, biological richness or heritage quality, habitat change and quantifying threatening species. The faunal components such as Arthropods, Molluscs, Pisces, Birds and Mammals are very sensitive to the chan ge in the ecosystem, therefore are best used as indicators of the ecosystem function
44
and considered crucial in the ecology and management of the Acquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Animals and Birds in the study area were documented using following means: Secondary sources and published literature By interviewing local people Nesting (Birds), borrows for small mammals.
Table 4.10: List of Flora in the Study Area Sl.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Local Name Ala, Alad Ankul, Ankole Ari, Apta Anjan, Karachi (Planted) Atti, Umbar Belpatri, Bal Belwal Banni, Shami Biligali, Bellaui Jali Babul, Jali Bor, Barigid Bhicky gidda Chinch, Hunse Chandan, Sandalwood, Gandha Dindal, Dhavda Gorvi Ghatbor, Godchi, Ghoting Hanmanki Ippi, mari Gardenia lucida Ixora parviflora Zizyphus xylopyra Flacourtia ramontchi Bassia latifolia Botanical Name Ficus bengalensis Alangium lamarkii Bauhinia recemosa Hardwickia binata Millingtonia hortenis Aegle marmelos Feronia elephantum Acacia Arabica Acacia leucophloea Acacia arabuca Zizyphus jujube Gardenia gummifera Tamarindus indica Santalum album
45
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Khair, Katinamara Kari Kakki, Bava Mulmuttal, Pangara Muttal, Palas Mashwal
Acacia catechu Randia dumetorum Capparis species Erythrina indica Butea frondosa Chloroxylon swietenia
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
Nekri Neem, Bevu Niral, Jambul Nelli Sitaphal Tugli Tapasi Gajag SHURBS
Ximena americana Melia Azadirachta Eugenia jambolana Emblica officinalis Anona squamosa Albizzi Holoptelia integrifolia Ceasalptina bonduce
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Chadurang Honnambri, Tarwad Henkal Kalli, Sher Kavli, Karwand Lekki, Nirgudi Pargi Revdi HURBS
Lantana camara Cassia auriculata Gymnosporia montana Eupnorbia tirucalli Carissa Spinarum Vitex negundo Toddalia aculata Capparis divaricata
1.
Anantmul (Indian sarsaparila)
Hemidusmus indicus
46
2.
Nachike mullu CLIMBERS
Mimosa pudica
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Bondwel Gulganj Kusri, Wildjasmin, Advimallige Palaswel Wagati
Lettsomia elliptica Abrus precatorius Jasminum species Butea superba Wagetea spicata
Table 4.11: List of Fauna of the Study area Sl.No Common Name WILD ANIMALS 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Common Jackal Common Wolf Common Mongoose Indian Hare Pangolin Wild pig Cobra Rat snakes Viper AVIFAUNA (Birds) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. Baya weaver Bird Small -Barbets Bulbuls Bustard Qualis Cuckoos Common Myna Doves Ploceus philppinus Capitomidae Pycnonotidae Turnicidae Cuculidae Acridotheres tristis Columbidae Canis- aureus Canis-lypus pallipes Herpestes-edwardsi Lepur-Nigricollis Manis- crassi caudata Sus-screfa Naja -naja Ptyas Mucosus Vipera russelli Scientific Name
47
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Magpies Munias Parakeets Pigeons Sun birds Koel Peacock Yellow throated sparrow
Corvidae Estrildinae Psittacidae Columbidae Nectarinidae Eudynamys scolopocea Pavo ciristatus Passez domesticus
16. 17. 4.8 Water Environment
Tailor Bird White Backed vulture
Orthotomus Gyps-bengalensis
Two Ground water (Bore well water) samples near project site, One from the Ghataprabha River and Three Ground water (Bore well water) samples were collected in the study area and have been analyzed for describing the baseline water environment. Water is a vital essential commodity necessary for the survival of vegetation, animals and human beings and for proper balance of eco system itself. Hence it is necessary to study the quality of water in the study area to find out if industrial activities in and around the area have caused any deterioration in the environmental quality with respect to surface and ground water sources, so that the health and growth of humans, flora, fauna and soil conditions are not affected adversely. This assessment may also serve as a baseline to compare with the post establishment data for taking necessary corrective measures; if at all any of the parameter tends to exceed the prescribed limit. The details of these water-sampling stations are given below in Table: 4.12 and their locations are as shown in Figure 4 .3.
48
Table 4.12: Details of Water Quality Sampling Stations Distance from the Project site (Kms) 0.1 0.4 3.0 4.5 4.2
Sampling Station Code W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6
Name of the Sampling Station Near Project Site Near Project Site Malapur Mudhol Ghataprabha River Kulali
5.5
49
W6
W3 W1 W2 W4
W5
Figure 4.3: Location of Water Quality Sampling Stations
Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10 km radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the proposed project.
50
Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to: v Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters. v Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity. v Predict impact on water quality due to this project and related activities. Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on v Location of watercourses. v Location of residential areas representing different activity/ likely impact areas. v Likely areas that can represent baseline conditions. Ground and surface water sources covering 10 Km radius in and around the proposed project site were examined for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples were collected and analyzed as per the procedures specified in Bureau of Indian Standards and the results were compared to the IS 10500:1991 (Specification for Drinking Water Quality Standards). Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area.
51
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Table 4.13: Water Quality Analysis Results
Sl. Characteristics No
Source 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 pH Sulphate as SO4, (mg/l) Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) Suspended Solids (mg/l) Total Hardness as CaCO 3, (mg/l) Magnesium as Mg, (mg/l) Calcium as Ca, (mg/l) Fluoride as F, (mg/l) Nitrate as NO 3,(mg/l) Colour Odour
IS Standards
W1 (Near Project Site)

Bore well water
W2 (Near Project Site)

Bore well water 7.5 40.0 470.0 Nil 340.0 24.3 96.0 0.72 5.6 Colourless Odourless 854.0 1.0 4.5 0.009 264.0 Nil
W3 (Malapur)
Bore well water 7.0 33.0 440.0 Nil 372.0 34.0 92.8 1.04 9.2 Colourless Odourless 774.0 Nil 4.4 0.014 208.0 Nil
W4 (Mudhol)
Bore well water 7.3 26.0 490.0 Nil 356.0 38.9 78.4 0.66 6.8 Colourless Odourless 867.0 2.0 4.5 Nil 296.0 Nil
W5 (Ghataprabha River )
Surface water 6.9 38.0 260.0 2.0 180.0 21.3 36.8 0.68 4.8 Colourless Odourless 460.0 4.0 6.4 0.06 180.0 >600
W6 (Kulali)
Bore well water 7.4 24.0 380.0 2.0 296.0 30.1 68.8 1.21 10.02 Colourless Odourless 697.0 Nil 4.3 0.009 272.0 Nil
6.5-8.5 150 500 30 300 30 75 0.6-1.2 45 -Unobjectiona ble -10 6.0 0.3 -Nil
7.2 28.0 480.0 2.0 324.0 23.3 91.2 0.98 7.8 Colourless Odourless 833.0 Nil 4.1 Nil 280.0 Nil
Conductivity (mho /cm) 13 Turbidity (NTU) Dissolved Oxygen, 14 (mg/l) 15 Iron as Fe, (mg/l) Total Alkalinity as 16 CaCO 3 , (mg/l) Total Coliforms 17 EHS(MPN/100ml) Consultants, Bangalore.
52
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4.9 Demographic & Socio Economic Profile
The proposed project is located at Sy.Nos. 166, Kulali Cross, Jamakhandi Road, Mudhol Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka State. 4.9.1 Demography and Social Status The information on present status of the human settlements was collected from the secondary sources such as census book, official websites and concerned government departments. The baseline status refers to: 1. Demography structure 2. Infrastructure resource base in the area 3. Economic attributes Table 4.14: Facts and Figures of Bagalkot District Area Latitude Longitude Population (1991) Population density 6593 sq. Kms 16.12 N 75.45 E 1335714 251 per sq. km. 982.5 females per 1000 Sex Ratio males Literacy Rate 57.30% No. of Sub-Division 02 No. of Tehsil 06 No. of Blocks 06 No. of Villages 625 Averagerainfall 599.66 mm EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 53
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report Postal Code STD Code
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd 587101/2/3 08354
Table 4.15: Census of Bagalkot (2001 Census)

BAGALKOT DISTRICT 2001 CENSUS PROVISIONAL STATISTICS ( FIGURES ARE AS PER CENSUS OF INDIA WEBSITE) Population 2001 Persons Bagalkot 1,652,232 Males 835,684 Females 816,548 Decadal growth rate 1981-1991 20.79 1991-2001 18.84
District
Total Rural Urban 3 Total Rural Urban Persons 4
Total Population Males 5 1,652,232 1,173,058 479,174 835,684 591,997 243,687 Females 6 816,548 581,061 235,487 Total
Population 0-6 Male 8 131,239 97,244 33,995 Fem 9 123,240 92,302 30,938 Total 10 808,069 511,402 296,667
Literates Male 11 502,308 330,040 172,268 Fem 12 305,761 181,362 124,399 Literates Fem 11 1,880 6,095 1,751 5,272 Total 12 16,842 63,717 Males 13 9,972 36,390 Fem 14 6,870 27,327
7 254,479 189,546 64,933
Total Population Sl No. 1 1 Badami 2 Bagalkot City/Town 2 T.P. C.M.C Urban Status Total 3 6 25,851 91,596 Male 7 13,310 47,357 Fem 8 12,541 44,239 Totals 9
Population 0-6 Males 10
3,631 11,367
54

3 Bilgi 4 Guledgudda 5 Hungund 6 Ilkal 7 Jamkhandi 8 Kerur 9 Mahalingpur 10 Mudhol 11 Rabkavi Banhatti 12 Terdal T.P. T.M.C T.P. T.M.C T.M.C T.P. T.M.C T.M.C C.M.C T.P. 15,464 33,991 18,035 51,956 57,887 17,206 30,861 42,443 70,242 23,642 479,174

7,807 17,021 9,154 26,324 29,214 8,580 15,616 21,536 35,762 12,006 243,687 7,657 16,970 8,881 25,632 28,673 8,626 15,245 20,907 34,480 11,636 235,487 2,453 4,097 2,315 7,071 8,227 2,386 4,477 6,337 9,312 3,260 64,933 1,287 2,122 1,227 3,666 4,303 1,212 2,313 3,358 4,874 1,658 33,995 1,166 1,975 1,088 3,405 3,924 1,174 2,164 2,979 4,438 1,602 30,938 8,932 22,309 11,617 32,271 34,578 10,008 17,913 24,911 40,920 12,649 5,176 13,013 6,877 18,947 19,529 5,896 10,556 14,352 24,048 7,512 3,756 9,296 4,740 13,324 15,049 4,112 7,357 10,559 16,872 5,137 124,399
Total Urban Population
296,667 172,268
Code No. 1 29
India/State/Union territory 2 Karnataka
District 3 Bagalkot
Total Rural Urban 4 Total
Persons Males Females 5 Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
Total workers Household (Main + Agricultural Indutry Marginal) Cultivators Labourers Workers 6 721083 449632 271451 558439 324981 233458 162644 124651 37993 7 198298 150897 47401 188471 142298 46173 9827 8599 1228 8 272149 104653 167496 252219 95106 157113 19930 9547 10383 9 54207 33613 20594 24544 14905 9639 29663 18708 10955
Other Workers 10 196429 160469 35960 93205 72672 142298 103224 87797 15427
Rural
Urban
55

Code No. State/Union territory/District 2 Bagalkot Total Rural Urban 3 Total Rural Urban Persons 4 1,652,232 1,173,058 479,174 Males 5 835,684 591,997 243,687 Females 6 816,548 581,061 235,487

Sex ratio (0-6 years) 939 Literates Females 9 123,240 92,302 30,938 Persons 10 808,069 511,402 296,667 Males 11 502,308 330,040 172,268 Females 12 305,761 181,362 124,399
Child population in the age group 0-6 Persons 254,479 Males 131,239 Females 123,240
Total Population Persons
Population 0-6 Males 8 131,239 97,244 33,995
7 254,479 189,546 64,933
Code No.
State/Union territory/District Persons 2 Bagalkot 808,069
Literates Males 502,308 Females 305,761 Persons 54 1991 Males 69
Literacy Rate Females 38 Persons 58 2001 Males 71 Females 44
56
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4.10 Industrial Scenario
Number of Factories as on 31 -03-2006 Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taluk Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total Textiles 12 2 1 3 25 5 48 Chemical 3 0 0 1 0 0 4 Engineering 2 3 5 3 2 6 21 Others 23 53 25 42 52 43 238 Total 40 58 31 49 79 54 311 Employee 193 207 97 281 312 294 1384
57
Small Scale Industries

No. of small scale units registered in District Industrial Centre till the end of 31 - 3 - 06 Sl.No Taluk Automobiles No. Workers
Electrical & Electronics Ferrous & Non- Ferrous
Chemicals No. Workers
Food & Intoxicants No. Workers
No.
Workers
No.
Workers
1 2 3 4 5 6
Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total
1 0 3 4 19 10 37
2 0 12 11 55 41 121
0 1 2 1 0 0 4
0 3 4 3 0 0 10
3 0 0 1 0 0 4
16 0 0 2 0 0 18
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 4 5 3 3 4 22
15 13 18 13 19 14 91
58
Sl.No
Taluk
No. of small scale units registered in District Industrial Centre till the end of 31 -03-2006 Glass & Ceramics No. Workers Job Works & Repairs No. Workers No. Leather Workers Mechanical Engeering No. Workers Paper & Printing No. Workers
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 49 15 34 45 33 184
21 174 42 232 193 211 873
0 0 1 3 6 1 11
0 0 4 8 12 3 27
1 3 5 3 1 6 20
4 13 17 13 17 20 84
2 1 0 0 4 1 8
6 4 0 0 16 5 31
59
Sl.No
Taluk
No. of small scale units registered in District Industrial Centre till the end of 31 - 03 -06 Rubber & Plastics No. Workers No. Textiles Workers No. Wood Workers No. Others Workers No. Total Workers
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 0 0 0 0 1
22 0 0 0 0 0 22
12 2 1 3 25 5 48
29 6 10 15 120 20 200
2 10 5 5 10 10 42
6 26 15 18 26 30 121
25 46 25 14 44 39 193
136 175 75 248 166 244 1044
40 58 31 49 79 54 311
193 207 97 281 312 294 1384
60
Table 4.1 6: List of Industries around the proposed project site Sl.No. 1 Name of the Industry Nirani Sugars Ltd within site itself Type Large
4.11
Banking, Agriculture Marketing Statistics & Credit Co-operative Societies Banks As on 31.03.2005 Commercial Banks Grammena Banks Total Deposits (Rs. In lakhs) Total Credit (Rs. in lakhs) Credit Deposit Ratio 12 16 7 13 20 11 79 13 10 8 15 17 17 80 15,394 46,559 17,528 17,759 33,603 21,554 152,398 15,355 17,345 17,883 14,015 38,762 39,658 143,018 100 37 102 79 115 184 94
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6
Taluk Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total
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Sl.No
Taluk Branches Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total
Co-operation and Agricultural Marketing Other Co-operative Urban Co-operative Banks Banks Loan Advances Deposit (Rs. In lakhs) No. Loan Advance Number (Rs. In lakhs) 10,663 11930.1 1.7 11081.97 7 2 33,687 9,519 9830.8 5.6 11523.54 15 7 30,902 35 41 13 28 58 34 209 380.9 670.35 11.08 404.75 25.38 21.1 1513.56 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
P.L.D Banks Total Loan (Rs. in Lakhs) 384.65 507.1 140 176.87 172 80.47 1461.1
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 3 1 2 1 1 10
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Credit Co-operative Socities Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taluk Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total Agricultural No. Members 42 25 24 35 38 30 194 38,942 26,510 18,323 31,258 56,125 33,309 204,467 Milk Producers No. Members 58 11 24 12 44 52 201 12,570 2,930 3,656 3,470 8,673 7,363 38,662 No. 82 72 57 95 252 100 658 Others Members 25,340 20,815 15,130 29,480 70,116 51,676 212,557 No. 182 108 105 142 334 182 1053 Total Members 76852 50255 37109 64208 134914 92348 455686 Liquidated 38 28 1 10 18 26 121
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4.12
Transport and Communication Sector
Motor Vehicles Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taluk Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total Motor Cycles Cars Cabs 6814 22,654 4556 3646 20649 15571 73890 320 16 Auto Rickshaws Omni Buses 123 771 23 101 395 125 1538 168 647 94 207 540 342 1998 Tractors & Ambulance Trailors 1663 3039 648 1844 2265 1931 11390 0 21 0 1 8 2 32 Goods Vehicles 259 819 139 333 776 444 2770 Others 243 1905 794 390 877 419 4628 Total 9606 31280 6442 7032 26754 19453 100567
1311 113 178 489 10 21
1117 127 587 32
4002 319
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Railway Route Length (Kms) as on 31 -03-2006 Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Taluk Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total Broad Gauge 26.18 12.92 0 0 0 0 39.1 Meter Gauge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 26.18 12.92 0 0 0 0 39.1 Railway Station 5 5 0 0 0 0 10
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4.13 Miscellaneous Statistics Women and Child Development : Stree Shakthi Scheme As on 31.03.2005 Total No. of women in SHG Total No. of women in SHG Total No. of women of all (SC) (ST) categories 1081 519 1284 1072 2298 1533 7787 1012 311 462 410 430 498 3123 10681 6307 4307 6481 10611 7024 45411
Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6
Taluk Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhandi Mudhol Total
No. of self-help groups (SHG) 574 448 297 408 756 473 2956
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4.14 Educational Institutes Table 4.17: List of Educations Institutions in the District Sl.No Educational Institutions 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 EHS Consultants, Bangalore. University Medical colleges Engineering colleges Dental colleges Ayurvedic colleges Pharmacy colleges College for Teacher Education (BEd) D egree colleges ( Science, Arts, Commerce) Law colleges Physical Education Colleges Teacher Training Colleges Polytechnics P.U.Colleges Technical Institutions (ITI) J.T. School High Schools (1 Residential High Numbers 02 P.G. Center 01 01 01 05 02 02 21 01 03 02 03 44 14 01 251 67
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report School) 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 23 24 25
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd 01 05 01 02 04 61 06 722 606 1366
Navodaya school Muraraji Desai Residential school Navodaya Madari Residential High school for Girls Schools for physically challenged NCLP Hostels ( pre-matric ) Ashrama Schools Upper primary schools Lower primary schools Pre-primary schools (Anganawadi)
4.15
Places of Tourist Interest Badami: Badami taluk remained the seat of the throne of the Chalukyas from 550 CE 753 CE, when Chalukya king Kirtivarman II was overthrown by the Rashtrakutas.
Pattadakal: Pattadakal has many UNESCO World Heritage temples built by Vikramaditya II.
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Aihol: Aihole, which lies on the banks of the Malaprabha River, is an important temple town with over 140 temples belonging to both the early and later Chalukya times.
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Kudalasangama : Kudalasangama, where Basavanna's samadhi is located. The 12th century social reformist Basavanna, known for his crusade against caste exploitation was born in Basavana Bagewadi.
Mudhol: Birth Place of Poet Kavi Chakravarti Ranna. The Principality of Mudhol was one of the 9-gun princely states of British India. Mudol is famous for a breed of dog known as the 'Mudhol Hound.
Fairs and Festivals:
Banashankari: A famous fair and festival is held here during January, February. Here the temple is dedicated to Banashankari or Shakambari a form of Parvati is located at Cholachagud popularly called Banashankari.
4.16
Hydrology Profile
The study area does not have any manmade big water tanks except for the natural ponds. Due to the scanty rainfall over the last few years, the tank and streams hold water only during and just after monsoon season. 4.16.1 Hydrogeology
4.16.1.1 Occurrence and Movement of Ground water in Rock Formations The joints and other openings in gneiss and granites, the pore spaces in the zone of weathering and bedding planes of the metamorphosis sediments determine the rate of percolation of water into sub-surface and the yield of the wells in the region. Black cotton soil allows water to infiltrate slowly after saturation. The impervious calcareous clay bed, below the black cotton soil prevents the downward movement of water. Whereas, the areas covered by red loam/sandy solid have relatively greater percolation because of its relatively high porosity and permeability.
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Occurrence of groundwater is mainly controlled by water table conditions. The recharge of the ground water is mainly due to the rainfall, which is scanty in the region. Therefore, the depth of water table level in the a rea is between 35-50m below the ground level. 4.16.1.2 Depth of Ground water and Seasonal variation: Dug wells are more common and popular in the study area. Nearly 33% of the wells are of shallow type and water table is within 12m depth, the deep dug wells are upto a depth of 20m. The study of fluctuating ground water level by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) reveals that the fluctuation is in the order of 1.65 m to 4.42 m with average fluctuation of 3.13m. 4.16.1.3 Ground Water Potential
Ground Water potential has been assessed as per the data collected from the State Ground Water Department. The entire region is mainly underlain granite, gneisses and Dharwad schists that are known to be hard rocks, which have least porosity. Ground water is found in pockets in the area in the zones of weathered, jointed and fractured rocks. The dug wells in the area generally tap on the weathered zone. The thickness of the weathered zone varies few centimeters to 20 m. The average area of the cross section of a domestic well is 6 Sq.m and that of irrigation well varies between 40 Sq.m to 180 Sq.m. The yield of dug wells range from 10 m3 /day to 250 m3 /day for a pumping period of 4 to 6 hours. Bore wells in the area are of 150mm dia and are normally upto a depth of 40m to 120 m. The yield of these wells is maximum 30 m 3 /hr and the pumping period varies from 6 to 8 hours/day. State Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) indicate that nearly 80% of the bore wells yield between 0.6 to 9 m3 /hr and the maximum yield is obtained from bore wells drilled between 40 to 60 m depth. Most of the dug wells, dug-cum-bore and shallow bore wells upto 30 m tap the shallow aquifers and the borewells deeper than 30 m, tap the water from fractures occurring between 30 m to 100 m depth which tap medium to deep aquifers.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4.16.2 Geology
The extensive limestone deposit occurring in Bagalkot belongs to the lower Kaladgi formation of Precambrian sedimentary origin. The stratigraphic sequence is identified for the region.
Geological age Recent Precambrian Archean The local geology as observed is:
Formation Kaladgi group Unconformity Granite Gneises
Lithology Black cotton soil Limestone shale -
1. Thinly bedded , soil/ black cotton soil 2. Shale 3. Dolomite limestone 4. Gra y limestone 5. Siliceous limestone
The arc is mainly covered by black cotton soil of varying thickness (1 to 2 mt) the contact between Dolomite and high calcium limestone and siliceous limestone is well exposed.
4.17 Mineral Resources This district is endowed with rich mineral resources. The minerals include Limestone, Dolomite Limestone, Gray Limestone, Siliceous Limestone & Thinly bedded soil / black cotton soil. These minerals are abundantly available in Bagalkot district of Mudhol & Lokapur Taluks and surrounding areas. 4.18 Geography The district of Bagalkot is situated entirely on the Northern Karnataka Plateau, which is part of the larger Deccan Plateau. Located in north-central Karnataka, Bagalkot is surrounded by Belgaum District to the west, Bijapur District and Gulbarga District to the north and north-east, Raichur District to the east and Koppal District, Gadag District and EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 72
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Dharwad District to the south -east, south and south -west respectively. It is positioned at 1612 'N 7545'E / 16.2N 75.75E / 16.2; 75.75 and covers an area of 6593 km. Bagalkot district has six taluks Bagalkot, Badami, Hungund, Mudhol, Jamkhandi and Bilgi. The average elevation in this area reaches approximately 610 m. The climate is warm and dry through out the year and rainfall is scarce. Bagalkot district receives the lowest rainfall annually in Karnataka. The months of September and December account for about 52% of the total annual rainfall. Bagalkot is devoid of large canopy tree vegetation; the region is semi-arid. The Krishna River, Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River flow through the region but are non perennial. Soil in the area can be categorised as either the majority black or minority red . Black soil retains moisture and is often used for the cultivation of cotton. Rabi and jowar are primarily cultivated in Bagalkot, as are groundnut, cotton, maize, bajra, wheat, sugarcane and tobacco. The district is also rich in mineral wealth. The village of Kaladgi, located 24 km from the town of Bagalkot, harbours copper.
Iron ore also exists in the southern part of the district. Like much of Karnataka, the gneiss is the most common rock family. Common rock types in the region include greenstone, quartzite, sandstone and limestone. The dry climate makes the region susceptible to drought and crop failure. The average rainfall in the region is approximately 318 mm annually. Bagalkot has not been affected by major seismic activity due to it being located in the stable Zone II. 4.19 Rainfall
The climate of the district is hot and dry. Hot season starts from middle of the February to end of May. Post monsoon is during October and November. Cold season is from December to middle of February. The normal average rainfall is 560 mm and number of rainy days are 35.
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Table 4.18 : Rainfall data of Bagalkot District

Rain gauge Stations Sl.No. Taluk Working Not Working Rainfall Normal Rainfall (in MMs) (1901 70) 1 2 3 4 5 Actual Rainfall (in MMs) (2005) Rainy Days Normal (1901 70) Actual (2005)
Badami Bagalkot Bilgi Hungund Jamkhand i
5 4 3 8 4
1 0 0 0 0
578 574 530 597 551
568 559 406 646 487
38 38 34 39 38
40 35 35 46 43
Mudhol Total
3 27
0 1
542 562
509 553
37 38
38 41
4.20
Meteorology
The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is a useful tool for the interpretation of the baseline condition as well as for the input, to predictive models for air quality modeling and dispersion studies. Historical data on meteorological parameters also plays an important role in identifying the general meteorological status of the region. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons. v Winter season v Pre-monsoon season v Monsoon season v Post-monsoon season v 4.20.1 Methodology The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observation is as per the Standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station. Wind roses for the study period enclosed as Annexure. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 74 : December to February : March to June : June to September : October to November.
Table 4.19: Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring Sl.No Attribute 1. 2. Ambient Quality Meteorology Parameters Air SPM, RSPM, and NO X. Frequency of Monitoring SO2 24 hourly samples twice a week for one month at ten locations. Continuous monitoring station for three months. In addition to the above, data is also collected from secondary sources like IMD Station
Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity,
3. 4.
Water quality Ecology
5.
Noise levels
6.
Soil
7. 8.
Land use Socio-aspects
9.
Geology
Physical, Chemical Once during the study period at and Bacteriological Twelve Locations. Existing terrestrial Thorough field visit during the Study and land flora and period of Three month and fauna. substantiated through secondary sources (Forest Department). Noise levels in dB Continuous recording at hourly (A). interval for 24 hours per location at 12 Stations Parameters related Once during the study period at to characteristics, Seven locations. agricultural land afforestation potential. Trend of land use Based on data published in District change. Census handbook and toposheet of the study area. Socio- economic Based on data collected from official websites and also from District Census Handbook Geological history. Based on data collected from secondary sources (Geological Survey of India and Ground Water Board). Drainage area and Based on data collected from pattern, nature of secondary sources (Ground Water streams, aquifer Board). characteristics of the area.
10.
Hydrology
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CHAPTER 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

5.1 Introduction
Impact assessment describes identification and appraisal of various impacts due to the proposed project. "Environmental Impact" can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project, secondary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed action. The impacts have been predicted for the proposed industrial project assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring. 5.2 Impact Identification Matrix
From the Table-5.1 significant impacts are identified. They are further elaborated with characterization and assessment in Table-5.2 and Table-5.3
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TABLE: 5.1: Impact Identification Matrix
Environmental Attribute Activities Air Noise Surface Water Grou nd water Construction Phase Site Clearing Climat e Land & soil Ecology Socio Economic s Aesthetic s
Quarrying (indirect) Ready-mix concrete preparation (indirect) Transportatio n of raw materials Construction activities on land Laying of roads Operational phase Operation of DGs Solid waste disposal (indirect) Wastewater disposal Operation of Compressors Vehicular Movement
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TABLE 5.2: Characteristics of Environmental Impacts from Construction Activities Activity Environmental Attributes Air Quality (SPM & RSPM) Noise levels Cause Dislodging of particles from the ground Noise generation from Site clearing Land Use earth excavating equipment Industrial land use Removal of vegetation Ecology and loss of flora and fauna Transport ation of constructi on materials Noise levels Air Quality (SPM, RSPM, SO2, NO x, CO) Transport of construction material in trucks & Exhaust emission from vehicles Noise generation from vehicles Direct Negative ShortTerm Reversible Low if regular vehicle ma intenance is done. Direct Negative ShortTerm Reversible Medium if r egular emission checks are performed Impact characteristics Nature Direct Negative Direct Negative Direct Negative Direct Negative Duration Shortterm ShortTerm Long Term Long Term
Reversibility Significance
Reversible
Low, if Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) are used Low, if PPE are used by workers
Reversible
Irreversible
Low.
Reversible
Low. No cutting of trees.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report Risk of accidents Risk during transit Operation of Air Quality (SPM, Construct ion activities / Laying of roads Noise levels RSPM, SO2, NO x, CO) construction machinery, welding activities and others Noise generation from use of machinery Setting up of Project
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Direct Long Negative Direct Negative Term ShortTerm
Irreversible
Low, if safety measures are taken to prevent accidents
Reversible
Low, if PPE are used by workers
Direct Negative Direct Negative Direct Negative
ShortTerm Long Term Long Term
Reversible
Low, if PPE are used by workers The area is designated as Industrial area Low. No cutting of trees and green belt development is envisaged
Land use
Irreversible
Ecology
Loss of vegetation
Reversible
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TABLE 5.3: Characteristics of Environmental Impacts from Operational Phase Activity Afforestation / Green belt development Emissions from various unit processes and Vehicular traffic Air Quality Air Quality (SPM, RSPM, SO2, NO x, CO) Noise levels Noise generation from Direct vehicles Socio - economic Employment generation Direct and indirect employment Negative Direct Negative Shortterm Long Term Irreversible Reversible Unit operations Direct Long Term Reversible Low as Ambient Monitoring, vehicle maintenance will be performed. Low, with periodical maintenance of vehicles High, new opportunities of steady income for many families Quality of life In-flow of funds the region/nation Solid waste disposal Land and soil Wastewater Water quality Generation of solid wastes Generation of waste in Direct Negative Direct Negative Direct Long Term Shortterm ShortReversible Reversible Irreversible High, the project will generate employment Low, proper collection and disposal. Low, as Septic Tank and Vehicle operation and Negative fuel combustion Environmental Attributes Ecology Cause Planting of trees Impact characteristics Nature Direct Negative Duration Long Term Reversibility Reversible Significance High positive impact
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report discharge water
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Negative term
soak pit will be provided
DG set, operation
Air quality
Exhaust emissions
Direct Negative
Shortterm Shortterm
Reversible
Medium (DG set is only a standby).
Noise levels
Noise generation
Direct Negative
Reversible
Low due to noise level protection measures (enclosures, PPE etc.)
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 5.3 Impacts during construction phase
Construction activities will include leveling of site, construction of new unit etc. The possible impacts due to these activities are discussed below: 5.3.1 Impact on Land Use
Proposed construction of plant will take place in the area identified for the same. The required land has already been purchased. Land use of the area will change and these changes are permanent.
5.3.2
Impact on Soil Quality
The construction of the proposed plant will disrupt the land and soil strata, but the disruption is for positive causes and on barren land and the impact will be permanent. 5.3.3 Impact on Air Quality
During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which will be generated due to the site development activities and vehicular movement, because of vehicular traffic there may be a marginal increase in the concentrations of NOx and SO 2. The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction phase only. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water on roads at construction site, providing sufficient vegetation etc. are some of the proposed measures that would greatly reduce the impact on the air quality during the construction phase of the project. The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the construction phase only and will be confined within the project premises. 5.3.4 Impact on Water Quality
Source of water is from River Ghataprabha. For proposed project, 300 KLD of water is required. Water requirement for construction phase will be met from Sugar Plant to the required quantity. The local labour force will be deployed during construction phase and no colony would be proposed as the workers will be employed from the nearby local village. Minor impact is envisaged on ground water source during construction phase, which will be temporary. However necessary permission will be taken from the concerned authority. There is no surface water body in construction site. The sewage EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 82
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd generated during construction at site will be disposed into septic tank and soak pit. Hence the effect on the water body is minimal. 5.3.5 Impact on Noise Levels
The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic & construction equipment like concrete mixers, cranes, generators, pumps, compressors etc. The noise level expected due to operation of the equipment range between 70 80 dB(A). The noise produced during construction will have a significant impact on the existing ambient noise levels. However, PPE will be provided to workers at site and construction machinery will be maintained properly to check on noise and emission levels within prescribed limits. 5.3.6 Impact on Ecosystem
5.3.6.1 Terrestrial Ecosystem The proposed land for Proposed Project is partly plain and partly terrain sloping towards eastern side which is not having any important flora and fauna. Thus the impact on terrestrial ecosystem during construction phase is not significant. 5.3.6.2 Aqua tic Ecosystem There will not be any discharge of wastewater outside the premises of the plant or any nearby water bodies. The sewage generated during construction at site will be disposed into septic tank and soak pit. Hence, there will not be any impact on aquatic ecosystem of the study area. 5.3.7 Socio -Economic Aspects
The positive impact of the proposed activity is expected during the start-up of construction activities. Besides the local population would have employment opportunities in service activ ities, contracts and supply of construction materials. This will lead to economic upliftment of the area.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 5.4 5.4.1 Operation Phase Impacts Impact on Topography
The proposed plant involves setting up of additional major structures within the proposed site. There will be minor changes in the topographical features. The project proponents will undertake tree plantation, planning of waste disposal. This will have beneficial impact on the overall landscape.
5.4.2
Impact on Climate
Setting up of proposed plant involves the production activities. Hence, there will be increase in the heat emissions from the furnaces and boilers involved resulting in increase of ambient heat. The plant proponents will undertake greenbelt development activities, which will have moderation effect on the climate in the vicinity. 5.4.3 Impact on Air Quality
The activities involved in industry have no impact on air quality. Since Steam will be taken from Sugar and Co-generation Unit hence no air pollution is envisaged from th e proposed unit. 5.4.4 Impact on Ground Water Quality
Source of water is from River Ghataprabha. For proposed project, 300 KLD of water is required . For project activities, water supply system including pumping station, over head water tanks. The water will be drawn and stored in a reservoir tank and OHT and pumped. In the unlikely event of a power failure an overhead tank of sufficient height & Capacity has been provided to ensure non stop supply as continuous water flow is as must to cool the system. The water softener is provided to avoid scaling in the pipelines, which will reduce the efficiency of the whole system. Requisite heat exchanges & cooling towers are provided to cool the water. As such no impact on groundwater is anticipated. 5.4.5 Impact on Noise Levels
During the operational phase, noise will be generated from the DG sets, vehicles movement, and general noise characteristic of a proposed industry. The DG set room will
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd be isolated from the outside environment and proper acoustic arrangements will be made to control the noise generated from the rooms.
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CHAPTER- 6.0 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS

6.1 Introduction
The evaluation steps in EIA call for conversion of the predicted values for various environmental parameters to a comparable set of units using some system of normalization. Methods involve numerical rating and ranking or weighing and scaling of environmental impacts are commonly used. The latter is preferable as the weighted score can be added up to yield an aggregate score representing the net environment impact of the particular alternative. The various methodologies can be divided into five types based on the way the impacts are identified *Adhoc Method : Provide minimal guidance for impact assessment beyond suggesting broad areas of possible impacts. *Overlays : Rely upon a set of maps of the project areas environmental characteristics and are overlaid to produce a composite characterization. *Checklists: Present a specific list of environmental parameters to be investigated for possible impacts without establishing direct cause effect links to the project activities. *Matrices: Incorporate a list of project activities with a checklist of potentially impacted environmental characteristics. The two are related in a matrix, which identifies a cause effect relationship between specific activities and impacts. *Networks: They work from a list of project activities to establish cause - condition - effect relationship Among the above, the Matrix method is one of the widely accepted methodologies for evaluation of environmental impacts. By this method it is possible to specify which actions impact which environmental characteristics, or may simply list the range of possible actions and characteristics in an open matrix, which can be completed by an analyst. It is also possible to identify most critical cause -effect relationship. 6.2 Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) Among the matrix methodologies, the Battelle Environmental Evaluation Systems is selected for its simplicity and reliability in establishing cause - effect relationship.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd The checklists consist of selected environmental parameters. Parameters have been given importance weights based on the usage of the rank wise comparison techniques. The predicted values of each parameters are converted to a 0 - 1 scale of environmental quality using value function graphs. Battele value graphs are being prepared by taking linear relation between weight factors and concentration of various parameters. An index is obtained in Environmental Impact Units (EIU) for each alternative and baseline environmental conditions (i.e. EIU without the project and with the project). The EIU with project has further been evaluated for with EMP and without EMP. For the above purpose of Evaluation, the identified environmental parameters have been characterized into 4 major groups: Ecology, Environmental Pollution, Socio - Economics and Aesthetics. 6.2.1 Ecology
The proposed project is a C o-Generation Expansion project. The minimal clearing of the area will not create any significant loss. The total impact of the project on the Ecology along with the individual weightage is shown in the Table no. 6.1. Net change in the EIU is which indicates a positive impact. This can be attributed to the green belt development, which will ensure species diversity. 6.2.2 Environmental Pollution Water is mainly used for Industrial and domestic purposes [process, suppressing, drinking, washing, cleaning etc.]. The wastewater generated during the construction phase will be treated in Septic Tank & Soak Pit. b) Air: During construction phase and after the implementation of the project, there can be an increase in the dust levels and NO 2 levels because of the movement of vehicles and construction activities. This can be mitigated by proper implementation of EMP. During the operational phase, there will be a marginal increase in the Air Quality SPM, RSPM, SO2, NO x, CO concentrations due to the movement of vehicles, etc., EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 87
a) Water:
c) Land: There will not be any major impacts on the land environment because the negative effect of clearing of the vegetation cover if any will be offset by the green belt development. d) Noise: During the construction phase the increase in Noise level is due to the erection, construction and implementation of the project. However during the operational phase, noise generation will be from D.G Sets, Vehicular Movements. However, with the implementation of the EMP for Noise, Noise Levels can be maintained within the CPCB standards. e) Aesthetics: There will not be any change in the topographical characteristics of the area because of this expansion project. The visual quality of air and water will be negligible. Provision of greenbelt and adhering to the EMP will be proper mitigating measures to control these negative effects. There is a net positive effect in the impacts on the aesthetics as shown in the Table: 6.2.
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Environmental Impact Evaluation Total PIU - 1000
Ecology 250 Natural Vegetation 65 Crops 25 Forests 70 Species diversity 30 Animals 35 Birds 25
Environmental Pollution - 450 Water 100 TSS pH Turbidity BOD COD TDS Chloride Alkalinity Temperature AIR - 225 PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NO2 CO LAND 75 Land Use Pattern Soil Chemistry Land Fertility NOISE - 50 Communication effect Occupational noise Physiological Effect
10 5 5 10 10 25 15 10 10 40 35 75 40 35 35 15 25
Aesthetics 100 Topographic character 30 Visual Quality Air 25 Water 15 Vegetative Pollution cover 15 Native fauna 15
Human Aspects-200 Psychological Needs Rehabilitation 25 perception 10 Community needs: Employment 30 Housing 20 Sanitation 10 Trans port 25 Water facility 20 Health 25 Education 15 Regional Economic Stability 20
30 10 10
Figure 6.1: Environmental Impact Evaluation
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M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Table: 6.1 Impact Evaluation Ecology
Parameter
Weight (PIU)
Environmental Impa ct Unit (EIU) Baseline (A) Without EMP (B) 10 12 36 6 10 14 88 With EMP (C) 12 10 40 8 10 16 96
Change in EIU over baseline values Without EMP (BA) 2 2 2 -4 0 +2 0 With EMP (CA) 0 0 +6 -2 0 +4 +8
Net change in EIU due to EMP (C- B) -2 +2 +4 +2 0 +2 +8
Natural vegetation Crops Forests Species diversity Animals Birds Total
65 25 70 30 35 25 250
12 10 34 10 10 12 88
Table: 6. 2 Impact Evaluation - Aesthetics Weight (PIU) Environmental Impact Unit (EIU) Baseline (A) Topographic character Visual Quality Air Water Vegetative cover Native Fauna Total EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 30 25 15 15 15 100 28 23 18 14 12 95 Without EMP (B) 25 20 16 16 15 92 With EMP (C) 28 25 20 18 18 109 Change in EIU over baseline values Without EMP (BA) -3 -3 -2 2 3 -3 With EMP (C A) 0 2 2 4 6 14 Net change in EIU due to EMP (C- B) 3 5 4 2 3 17 90
Parameter
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Table: 6. 3
Impact Evaluation- Environmental Pollution Environmental Impact Unit (EIU) Baseline (A) 7 6 5 13 12 15 16 10 10 28 30 38 34 26 24 12 13 28 10 Without EMP (B) 6 4 3 15 15 8 10 7 7 26 28 36 28 28 20 10 15 30 8 With EMP (C) 8 6 6 10 10 10 12 6 10 24 26 30 32 24 30 12 17 26 10 Change in EIU over baseline values Without EMP (B-A) -1 -2 -2 2 3 -7 -6 -3 -3 -2 -2 -2 -6 2 -4 -2 2 2 -2 With EMP (C-A) -1 -2 -2 2 3 -7 -6 -3 -3 -4 +4 -8 -2 -2 6 0 4 -2 0 Net change in EIU due to EMP (C- B) 2 2 3 -5 -5 2 2 -1 3 -2 -2 -6 4 -4 10 2 2 -4 2 91
Parameter
Weight (PIU)
Water TSS PH Turbidity BOD COD Temperature TDS Chloride Alkalinity AIR PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO 2 CO Land Land use pattern Land Chemistry Fertility Noise Communication Occupational EHS Consultants, Bangalore.
10 5 5 10 10 25 15 10 10 40 35 75 40 35 35 15 25 30 10
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report Physiological 10 8 Total 450 345
10 314
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd 8 2 317 -31
0 -28
-2 3
Table: 6. 4 Impact Evaluation - Human Aspects Environmental Impact Unit Parameter Weight (PIU) Baseline (A) Psychological needs Rehabilitation Pollution perception Community need Employment Housing Sanitation Transport Water facility Health Education EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 25 10 30 20 10 25 20 25 15 12 15 10 12 8 18 14 18 10 (EIU) Without EMP (B) 12 12 12 15 10 20 18 20 14 With EMP (C) 12 10 22 18 11 22 20 26 16 Change in EIU over baseline values Without EMP (B-A) 0 -3 2 3 2 2 4 2 4 With EMP (C A) 0 -5 12 6 3 4 6 8 6 Net change in
EIU due to EMP (C- B) 0 -2 10 3 1 2 2 6 2
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report Regional economic stability 20 Total 200
15 132
M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd 21 24 6 154 181 22
9 49
3 27
93
Table: 6. 5 Overall Impact Evaluation Change in EIU over baseline values Without EMP (B A) 0 -31 -3 22 -55 Net change EMP (C- B) 8 3 17 27 92
Parameter
Weight (PIU)
Environmental Impact Unit (EIU)
in EIU due to
Baseline (A) Ecology Environmental Pollution Aesthetics Human Aspects Total 250 450 100 200 1000 88 345 95 132 655
Without EMP (B) 88 314 92 154 600
With EMP (C) 96 317 109 181 692
With EMP (C-A) 8 -28 14 49 37
6.3 Mathematical Modelling: The details of Mathematical Modelling is enclosed as annexure.
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CHAPTER 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process used to integrate environmental management with planning for proposals. EIA is an established process for
Ensuring that proponents assume primary responsibility for protection of any environmental values that may be affected by their proposals; Addressing the environmental management of the life of proposals; Forming a basis for statutory decisions on whether a proposal meets ecologically sustainable development principles, and if so, relevant environmental management and monitoring conditions;
Industrial development is an important constituent in our pursuits for economic growth, employment generation and betterment in the quality of life. On the other hand, industrial activities, without proper precautionary measures for environmental protection are known to cause pollution and associated problems. Hence, it is necessary to comply with the regulatory norms for prevention and control of pollution. Alongside, it is also imperative to go beyond compliance through adoption of clean technologies and improvement in management practices. Commitment and voluntary initiatives of industry for responsible care of the environment will help in building a partnership for pollution control. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures during and after commissioning of the proposed Plant project. This Environmental Management Plan has indicated the details as to how vario us measures have been or are proposed to be taken. The base line setting of different relevant environmental components in the study are and predicted potential impacts on those components due to the proposed project are documented. In this plan, mitigation measures for the identified environmental impacts
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd are documented for both construction and operational stages of the proposed project in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). 7.2 Environmental Management during Construction Stage i) During excavation and transportation on roads at the plant site, there is a scope for local fugitive dust emissions. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction activity will be done. ii) There is a likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity and material handling from the truck movement in the premises of the proposed plant. The industry will take up tree plantation program around the plant site. iii) It will be ensured that construction vehicle are properly maintained. The vehicle maintenance area will be located in such a manner, so as to prevent contamination of water sources by accidental spillage of oil. iv) Proper care will be taken for storage of LSD etc. Location will be identified for the storage of such flammable liquids, away from the main plant. The storage will be as per institutional safety standards. v) vi) vii) viii) The construction workers will be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet facilities to allow proper standards of hygiene. Onsite workers using high noise equipment will adopt noise protection devices. Noise prone activities will be restricted to daytime hours only. Hazardous material will be stored in proper areas. After completion of construction activities, the rubbish will be cleared and disposed to nearby authorized sites.
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Table 7.1: EMP for Construction Phase Impacts "Site Clearing" Environmental Impacts Extent of vegetation removal Implementation responsibility: shall be minimized to prevent extent of soil erosion. Soil erosion Vegetative cover shall be reprojected /rehabilitated at the earliest practicable time to Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd. Mitigation Remarks
minimize duration & extent of soil erosion. Noise generation Selection of equipment with less noise generation to be used. The earth moving equipment shall be periodically checked and maintained for noise levels. The workers shall be provided with adequate PPE such as earplugs to reduce impact of high noise levels. The site cleared shall be Implementation responsibility: Contra ctor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Implementation responsibility: Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
periodically watered to reduce emission of dust particles. Dust generation The workers shall be provided with PPE such as nose masks and goggles to reduce impact on health.
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Table 7.2: EMP for Construction Phase Impacts "Transportation of Construction Materials Environmental Impacts
Mitigation
Remarks Implementation responsibility:
Noise generation
Periodic
maintenance
of
Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
vehicles is required
Construction materials shall be covered with tarpaulin sheets to prevent the material from being air borne.
Implementation responsibility: Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
Dust generation
The vehicle speed shall be regulated. The workers transporting
materials shall be provided with PPE such as nose asks to reduce impact of air borne dust on their health Vehicular emissions Periodic emission check for Implementation responsibility: vehicles is required. Clean fuel shall be used for vehicles. Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
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Table 7.3: EMP for Construction Phase Impacts "Construction Activities
Environmental Impacts Noise generation Dust generation
Mitigation Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) such as ear plugs and helmets shall be provided for construction workers. The working hours shall be
Remarks Implementation responsibility: Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd.
imposed on construction workers. PPE in the form of nose masks shall be provided for construction workers. Use of water sprays to prevent the dust Contractor from being air borne. Air Emissions from construction machinery Periodic check of and regular Implementation responsibility: Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Implementation responsibility: Contractor Project Consultants M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd
maintenance
construction
machinery for emissions Clean fuel shall be used in equipments
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 7.3 Water Resources and Quality
Following mitigation measures will be adopted to avoid impact on water resources

q
Construction equipment requiring minimum water for cooling and operation for optimum effectiveness shall be chosen. High pressure hose will be used for cleaning and dust suppression purposes. Water harvesting measures would be taken. Appropriate sanitation facilities, septic tank and soak pits will be provided for the workers onsite and offsite to reduce impact on water resources. Regular maintenance will be done during the entire life cycle. No discharge of construction wastes to surface water bodies or ground water will be allowed during construction. Efforts will be made for reuse of water and its conservation.
q q q
During Construction period in rainy season, the water quality is likely to be affected due to the construction work and loosening of topsoil. This is likely to increase the suspended solids in the run off during heavy precipitation. In order to reduce the impact on water quality, temporary sedimentation tanks will be constructed for the settlement of the suspended matter. However, it is envisaged that the monsoon period will be avoided for cutting and filling of earthwork. Additionally, following measures will be taken to avoid the surface water pollution. Soil binding and fast growing vegetation grass would be grown around the construction site before commencement of construction activity to reduce soil erosion;
q
Appropriate sanitation facilities will be provided for the construction workers to reduce impact on ground water resources and also to maintain hygienic conditions.
There is no likely hood of ground water contamination, as no waste will be discharged to ground water bodies during construction. However sewage generated during the construction phase will be treated in the Septic Tank and Soak Pit. Wherever construction wastes need to be disposed off on land or of- site, the same will be disposed off in a proper manner. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 100
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 7.4 Air Quality
During Construction period, there is likely hood of generation of dust and NO 2 emission. This can be attributed to leveling activity and vehicular movement. The transport vehicles using petrol or diesel will be properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust. Since, there is likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity, water sprinkling will be done. In addition to this following measures will be taken during the construction phase to reduce the impact on the air quality.
q
Any vehicle not meeting the vehicular pollution standards will not be allowed within the construction activity. Water will be sprayed by high-pressure water hoses during dust generating construction activities e.g. excavation, crushing/demolishing, concrete mixing, material handling etc. to suppress dust; and Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered by tarpaulin to reduce spills on roads. The height from which excavated materials are dropped shall be controlled to a minimum practical height to limit fugitive dust generation from unloading. The random Ambient Air Quality Monitoring shall be done to ensure that the significant impacts are being mitigated adequately.
7.5
Noise Level
The noise impact on the surrounding population during the construction phase will be within the acceptable limits. High noise generation equipment, if used will be operated during the daytime only and completely restricted during night hours and this eliminates any possible discomfort to the nearby communities. Community noise levels are not likely to be affected because of the vegetation and likely attenuation due to the physical barriers. The following recommendations will be implemented:
q q q
Provision of insulating caps and ads at the exit of noise source on the machinery; Construction equipment generating minimum noise and vibration be chosen: The use of damping materials such as thin rubber / lead sheet for wrapping the work places line compressors, generators sets.
q q
Shock absorbing techniques will be adopted to reduce impact; Inlet and outlet mufflers will be provided which are easy to design; 101
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd q Ear muffs will be provided to the workers and it will be enforced to be used by the workers; and
q q
Greenbelt will be developed along the periphery of the proposed site. Ambient Noise Level Monitoring shall be conducted at suitable location at periodic intervals during construction phase to conform to the stipulated standards both during day and night time.
7.6
Solid /Hazardous Waste Management
The hazardous materials used during the construction may include petrol, diesel, Welding gas and paints. These materials will be stored and handled according to the KSPCB guidelines.
q q
Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate enclosures; Wherever possible, hazardous raw materials to be substituted by non - hazardous materials, e.g. cleaning solvent can be replaced with film free biodegradable cleaners. Usage of non chlorinated strippers instead of strippers containing methylene chloride and substitution of water based paint for oil based ones; Separate storage of waste paints, thinners, contaminated rags and brushes will be adopted. Vehicle maintenance area to be designed to prevent contamination of ground water by accidental spillage of oil.
7.7
Site Security
Adequate security arrangement will be made to ensure that the local inhabitants and the stray cattle are not exposed to the potentials hazards of construction activities. 7.8 Traffic Pattern
Heavy vehicular movement will be restricted to daytime only and adequate parking facility will be provided. 7.9 Solid Waste Generation The solid waste generated during the construction phase is usually Excavated earth material and Construction debris. EHS Consultants, Bangalore.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Excavated earth material will be reused for backfilling between foundations; to fill up the low -lying areas and whereas, topsoil will be reused for Landscaping/Greenbelt development purpose. Construction debris as far as possible will be reused / recycled for back filling / sub base work for roads & pavements and excess will be transported to nearby authorized disposal sites 7.10 Ecological Aspects Plantation of dust absorbing trees and shrubs near the dust generating areas. Plantation of soil binding plants e.g. grass will be carried out to avoid soil erosion. Plantation of noise attenuating species to reduce noise pollution both during the construction as well as in the operation stage. Stabilization of all disturbed slopes before the onset of monsoon to avoid soil erosion. Cutting of existing trees/bushes/ other vegetation will be avoided as for as possible or will be minimized. Operation of high noise producing equipment will be avoided during night time to avoid impact on the immediate vicinity of the proposed project site surroundings. Use of best available construction technology to minimize impacts on flora and fauna of the project site area. 7.11 Aesthetics Existing aesthetics of the site will be tried to maintain by taking appropriate measures in different activities. Existing peaceful environment will be maintained in the vicinity of the project site. The excavated material dump will not be permitted to become a major visual feature of the local landscape. The height of the dump will not exceed the mature tree top level in the area .
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7.12
Socio-Economic Local people from Malapur & Kulali Village will be employed for construction work to the maximum extent possible. Proper facilities for domestic water supply and sanitation services will be made available to the construction workers at the site.
7.13 Operation stage 7.13.1 Air Environment: There would not be any air pollution as the entire requirement of steam and power is being taken from existing Sugar / Co-Generation Unit. 7.13.2 Water Environment The total water requirement for the proposed expansion project will be 300 Cum / day. The same will be procured from Ghataprabha River which is at a distance of 4.25 Kms from the proposed project site. Process effluent generation will be treated in existing ETP. The domestic sew age generated will be treated in Septic tank and Soak Pit. 7.14 7.14.1 Conclusion: Air Pollution
There would not be any air pollution as the entire requirement of steam and power is being taken from existing Sugar / Co-Generation Unit. 7.14.2 Water Pollution All water systems inside the plant are closed circuit system. Process effluent generation will be treated in existing ETP. The domestic sewage generated will be treated in Septic tank and Soak Pit.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 7.14.3 Noise Pollution
All steam outlets like safety valves; ejectors are connected with silencers and all fans are will be insulated with acoustic insulations. The maximum sound in the different areas is maximum 85 decibels, which is in the limit. 7.14.4 Solid Waste Boiler Ash (Existing & proposed) is mixed with ETP Sludge & press mud & the same is sold to member farmers as manure. Coal Ash will be sold to near by cement factories. Domestic Solid waste (22.5 Kgs/day) will be handed over to local municipal authorities. So, there is no any solid waste pollution.
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Table 7.4 : Budgetary allocation for pollution control equipment
Sl.No. Boiler capacity 1 2 3 90 TPH 90 TPH 120 TPH (Proposed)
APC Equipment ESP Wet Scrubber ESP
APC Equipment cost (with civil ) 1.0 Crores 50 Lakhs 2.0 Crores
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7.14.5 Noise Environment: Personnel working near noisy areas will be provided with adequate personal protective equipment such as earplugs and earmuffs, use of which will be strictly enforced. Sophisticated and low noise generating equipments will be selected. Proper mounting of equipments and providing noise insulating enclosures or paddling where practicable. The equipments will be maintained at all times to ensure permissible noise levels. Appropriate advanced silencers, acoustic barriers; vibration-reducing pads will be provided for all noise generating equipments. The sources of continuous noise generating equipment such as compressors, pumps etc will be designed to have noise level not exceeding 85-90dB (A). It would be ensured that there would not be any operator near the noise generating equipments on continuous basis. Boundary walls and dense green belt will be erected to act as acoustic barriers. Adequate and appropriate type of green belt would be developed in and around the proposed project site for noise mitigation in the area. Shock absorbing techniques will be adopted to reduce noise level. Acoustical walls and roofs are provided to buildings where such machineries are installed. Proper maintenance of machineries especially oiling and greasing of bearing and gears etc. Use of personnel protective to persons working near noise creating locations. Local native species will be planted for Green Belt Development (34.26 % of the total site area).
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 7.15 Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste generation
The proposed Solid Waste and Hazardous waste generation from the plant is given below: Boiler Ash (Existing & proposed) is mixed with ETP Sludge & press mud & the same is sold to member farmers as manure. Coal Ash will be sold to near by cement factories. Domestic Solid waste (22.5 Kgs/Day) will be handed over to local municipal authorities. Used oil from the D.G Set & oil & grease from the machineries will be stored in leak proof sealed barrels and handed over to KSPCB authorized reprocessor. 7.16 Greenbelt Development An area of about 24.5 acres (34.26% of total site area) is developed with green belt in the project premises. The species selected for greenbelt development shall fulfill the following specific requirements of the area: Tolerate to specific conditions. Shall have rapid growth rate. They shall rich canopy and shielding property. Large bio-mass and leaves to provide fodder and fuel. Ability to improve wastelands/barren areas. As for as possible shall be native in nature.
7.17 Ecological Aspects The following measures proposed will have minimum impact on ecology of the project area: Zero discharge of wastewater from the proposed project in the operation stage. Continuing greening efforts in and around the project site. An area of about 24.5 acres (34.26 % of total site area) is developed with green belt in the project premises.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 7.18 Aesthetics Aspects
Plant species of aesthetic value, fodder value, fruit bearing, and birds attracting tree will be planted. Hence it would be converted into a possible park for the nearby villages and project staff for recreation.
7.19 Socio Economic Aspects Local people of Malapur, Kulali Village will be employed to the maximum extent. 7.20 Storm Water Management Storm water gutters will be constructed in the premises. Garland channels will be provided for collection of storm water.
Storm water storage capacity will be provided for about 30% of the annual storm
water collected from the factory premises. The rain water thus collected is used for greenery development in the factory premises. 7.21 Post Project Environmental Monitoring M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd. will implement various productivity management programs in the plant to improve the work environment, effective house keeping and environment quality. All the necessary steps shall be taken in the plant to meet standards prescribed by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board and Department of Ecology and Environment, Government of Karnataka.
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Table 7.5: Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters Sl. No. I 1 Monitoring frequency Duration of monitoring Important parameters for monitoring
Particulars
Air Quality Ambient Monitoring premises Air Quality Once within month in a Grab, 24 hrly SPM, RSPM, SO 2 sample and NO X.
II 1
Water Quality Ground Analysis Water Quality Once month in a Grab As per KSPCB
requirements
III 1
Soil Quality Soil Quality Analysis Pre monsoon and post monsoon As per KSPCB
requirements V Noise Quality Once in Main Gate/Boundary Month D.G Set Room Process Section Office areas Others as recommended a 24Hrs Monitoring Noise dB(A) Leq, Day time Leq, Night time levels in
110
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 7.22 Environmental Monitoring Plan:
Regular monitoring in a systematic and standardized manner helps in assessment of current environment and provides information on operational performance of installed pollution control facilities. Following are the Environmental aspects will be strictly considered in conducting routine Environmental Monitoring: Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality at plant boundary for fugitive emissions for SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NO x. This will be carried out once in a month. Work Zone Air Quality Monitoring will be carried out in areas like Main Gate area, Process Section. This will be carried out once in a month. Monitoring of ground water quality will carried out once in a month. Ambient Noise Level Monitoring near the Main gate, Process House, Dispatch area , and plant boundary. This will be carried out once in a month during Day & Night times. Monitoring of solid wastes quan tity and utilization potential.
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7.23 CREP GUIDELINES

GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY PART-II-SECTION 3 -SUB-SECTION I PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY NO.] NEW DELHI, FEBRUARY 3 rd, 2006 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS NOTIFICATION
G.S.R. 46 (E) - In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following Rules further to amend the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, namely: 1. These rules may be called the Environment (Protection) First Amendment Rules, 2006. 2. They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette or otherwise as mentioned. 3. In the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 in schedule I: Emission Standards prescribed by CPCB & KSPCB for Power Plants EFFLUENT THERMAL POWER PLANT : STANDARDS FOR LIQUID EFFLUENTS Concentration not to exceed, mg/l (except for pH & Temp.) Condenser Cooling Water (once pH 6.5 to 8.5 through higher cooling system) Temperature* Not more than 5 oC than the higher intake water temperature Boiler Blow down Free available Chlorine 0.5 Suspended solids 100 Oil & grease 20 Copper (Total) 1.0 Iron (Total) 1.0 EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 112 Source Parameter
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Cooling Tower Blow down Free available Chlorine 0.5 Zinc 1.0 Chromium (Total) 0.2 Phosphate 5.0 Other corrosion inhibiting Limit to be established on materialon case by case basis by Central Board in ca se of Union Territories and State Boards in case of States As pond effluent pH 6.5 to 8.5 Suspended solids 100 Oil & grease 20
* Limit has been revised, please see new limit at Sr. No. 66 C of the document Source: EPA Notification [S.O. 844(E), dt 19th Nov; 1996]
Thermal Power Plant :Emission Standards Generation Capacity Pollutant Generation capacity 210 MW or more Particulate matter Generation capacity less than 210 MW Particulate matter Emission limit 150 mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3
* Depending upon the requirement of local situation, such as protected area, the State Pollution Control Boards and other implementing agencies under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, may prescribe a limit of 150 mg/Nm3, irrespective of generation capacity of the plant.
Thermal Power Plants : Stack Height/Limits Generation Capacity 500 MW and above 275 200 MW/210 MW and above to less 220 than 500 MW Stack Height (Metres)
Source : EPA Notification [G.S.R. 742(E), dt. 30th Aug; 1990]
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CHAPTER 8 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 Introduction
Rapid development has posed wide-ranging hazards threatening safety and health of people. Accidents may adversely affect the environment and the people living in the vicinity. These accidents can be minimized to a great extent by proper procedures, handling and training. But it may be difficult to reach zero risk or absolute safety level. Whenever such incidents do occur in order to prevent loss of lives and damage to property, it becomes necessary to take immediate steps to control the situation. This can be achieved through a planned advance preparation to face such a situation with respect to both on site and off site emergencies. 8.2 O n-Site Management Plan
The On-Site plan will be circulated to all concerned members of emergency teams. It is essential that all concerned familiarize themselves with the overall on-site emergency plan and their respective roles and responsibilities during and emergency. They should also participate regularly in the mock drills that will be conducted so as to keep themselves and the emergency organization in a state of perpetual preparedness at all times at all times to meet any emergency. 8.2.1 Objectives, scope and contents of On-site Emergency Plan Objectives of Emergency Planning are to maximize the resource utilization and combined efforts towards emergency operations and would broadly cover the following. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it. To minimize the effects of accidents on people and property. To take remedial measures in the quickest possible time to contain the incident and control it with minimum damage. To mobilize the internal resources and utilize them in the most effective way. To get help from the local community and government officials to supplement internal manpower and resources. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 114
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 6. To minimize the damage in other sections. 7. 8. 9.
To keep the required emergency equipment in stock at right places and ensure that they are in working condition. To keep the concerned personnel fully trained in the use of emergency equipment. To give immediate warning to the surrounding localities in case of an emergency situation arising.
10. To mobilize transport and medical treatment of the injured. 11. To educate the public in the surrounding villages regarding hazards. 12. To arrange for rescue and treatment of casualties. 13. To safe guard the people. 14. To identify the causalities and communicate to relatives. 15. To render necessary help to concerned. 16. To rehabilitate area affected. 17. To provide information to media & government agencies 8.2.2 Scope of Onsite Emergency Plan
The plan covers information regarding the properties of the Industry, type of disasters and disaster/accident-prone zones, the actual disaster control plans with authority delegation, controlling and other details. General details like location, project layout, neighboring entities and the assistance they can render etc., are also provided. The important elements considered in this plan are Statutory requirements Emergency organization Roles and Responsibilities Communications during emergency Emergency shutdown & control of situation Rescue & Rehabilitation Emergency facilities Important Information
The primary purpose of the on-site emergency plan or DMP is to control and contain the incident and so to prevent if from spreading. It is not possible to cover every eventuality in the plan and the successful handling of the emergency will depend on appropriate actio n
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd and decisions being taken on the spot. Other important aspects needing to be considered include the following: 8.3 Emergency
A major emergency in any situation is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life, which may cause extensive damage to the structures in the vicinity and environment and could result in serious disruption to normal operation both inside and outside the industry premises. Depending on the magnitude of the emergency, services of the outside agencies may also be required for supplementing the internal effort to effectively handle the emergency and to contain the damage. The Management has to take effective steps to assess, minimize and wherever feasible eliminate the risks to a large extent. Accidents may still occur and it is necessary to be fully prepared to tackle all such emergencies if and when they occur. It is likely that the consequences of such emergencies will be confined to the units concerned or may affect outside. If the consequences are confined within the plant boundary, it is then termed as On Site Emergency and will be controlled by Chief Emergency Controller. In order to generate the plans it is necessary to first determine the kinds of accidents leading to an emergency that can occur in the industry. The most widely used technique in practice is based on experience accumulated over many years and safety audits. 8.3.1 Methodology
The considerations in an emergency planning include the following: 1. Identification and assessment of hazards and risks 2. Hazard, consequence analysis 3. Alarm and communication procedures 4. Identifying, appointment of personnel & assignment of responsibilities 5. Identification and equipping Emergency control centre, Identifying Assembly, Rescue points, Medical facilities. 6. Emergency preparedness plan, procedures, steps to be taken before, during and after emergency. 7. Formulation of plan and emergency sources. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 116
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd 8. Training rehearsal, evaluation and updating the plan 8.3.2 Structure of Emergency Management a. Noticing the accidents b. Informing declarer of emergency c. Declaration of emergency d. Functions of declarer e. Interaction with outside agencies
8.3.3
Identification and Assessment of Hazards
This stage is crucial to both on-site and off-site emergency planning and requires systematic identification of all possible emergencies that could arise in the plants. These should range from small events, which can be dealt by plant personnel without any help from external agencies to the largest event that would require outside help. To tackle such emergencies effectively, it is essential to have clear-cut action plan. Experience has shown that for every occasion that the full potential of an accident is realized, there are many occasions when some lesser event occurs or when developing incident is made safe before reaching full potential. 8.3.4 Infrastructure at Emergency Control Centre
Emergency control centers should therefore contain the following An adequate number of external telephones; if possible, one should accept only outgoing calls, in order to bypass jammed switchboards during an emergency. An adequate number of internal telephones Radio equipment A plan of the works, to show: Areas where there are large inventories of hazardous materials. Sources of safety and first aid equipment. The fire-fighting system and additional sources of water. Site entrance and roadways, including up-to-date information on road o Traffic. Assembly points. Vehicle parking and rail sidings. 117
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd Additional work and layout plans detailing alternate routes and affected areas, during an emergency. Note pads, pens and pencils. A nominal role of employees. A list of key personnel, with addresses, telephone numbers, etc.
The emergency control center should be sited in an area of minimum risk. Suitable location from where clear view of the plant is possible or the control room can be designated as Emergency Control Center. All the Site Controller/ Incident Controller Officers, Senior Personnel would be located here or have access to the ECC.
8.4
Emergency Medical Facilities
Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire burns, etc., would be maintained in the medical center as well as in the Emergency Control Room. A range of medicines should be maintained in the ECC/ Medical Center. Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment should be provided and maintained.
The Medical Center should display poster for treating burns and first aid. Some medicines and facilities to be kept in the medical center are suggested. The list is indicative and the qualified doctors of the medical center should use their professional judgment for medical treatment. 8.5 a. Health and Safety Measures for the Workers Buildings and structures: No walls, Chimneys, Galleries, Stairways, Floor,
Platform, Staging or structure whether of a permanent or temporary character shall be constructed in such manner as to cause risk or bodily injury. b. Provision of crawling boards etc: No person shall be required to stand to pass over or work on or near by any roof of ceiling cover with fra gile material through which he is liable to fall, in case it breaks or gives away the distance for more than 3 meters without use of sufficient number of suitable ladders, duck ladders or crawling boards which are securely support.
118
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd c. Service platforms: When ever practicable and demanded service platforms and gangways will be provided for overhead shafting, and where required by him these will be securely fence with guardrails and toe boards. d. Belts, etc: All belts will be regularly examined to injure that the joints are safe and the belts are proper tension. e. Helmets: Helmets will be provided to the workers for safe guarding themselves against any head injuries. f. Machinery: No machineries are equipments will be Situated, Operated or maintained in such a manner as to cause risk of bodily injury. g. Methods of work: No process of work will be carried out in such a manner as to cause risk of bodily injury. h. Electricity: No electricity installation shall be provided during construction so as to be dangers to human life or safety. i. Medical Check-up: Medical examination for every employee shall be examined by certified surgeon at least once in 3 months of a calendar. 8.6 Safety of Personnel
All workmen employed in working conditions will be provided with adequate personal safety equipments as applicable to the work like: Industrial Safety Shoes Industrial Helmets Hand gloves Ear Muffs Welders screen Aprons 119
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report Gas masks Respirators Safety Belts Goggles
120
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report Table 8.1: Health Register Name of the Company: Address:
1. 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8.
Department Works Name of worker Sex Age (at least birthday) Date of employment on present work Date of leaving or transfer to other work with reasons for discharge or transfer Nature of job or occupation Raw materials products or by-products likely to be exposed to Dates of medical examination and results thereof Dates Result : Fit or unfit
9.
10. Signs and symptoms observed during examination 1.Spirometry: 11. Nature of tests and results thereof 2.Pulse oxymetry 3.Lungs function test: If declared unfit for work state 12. period of suspension with reasons in detail 13. 14. 15. Whether certificate of unfitness issued to the worker Re-certified fit to resume duty on Signature of the certifying surgeon with date
121
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 8.7 8.7.1 Emergency Action Plans Emergency Action Plan for Cylinder Fire:
1. When filled container containing LPG is involved in fire, internal pressure if not relieved, shall build up above 70 KG/SQ.CM and ultimately rupture the container. Rupture weak by direct flame impingement. Ruptured containers can be propelled at distance by jet action. 2. If containers pressure is not raised up to 70KG/SQ.CM, leakage from screwed valve joint can occur due to different expansion of steel and brass. 3. Ignition of the escaping gas would aggravate the fire but release of fire reduces the possibility of rupture. 4. No attempt should be made to extinguish the burning gas but the container under fire and other containers in vicinity should be kept cool by water spray. 5. If the gas leakage does not ignite, the container should be approached from up and removed to the place of safety away from the source of ignition. 8.7.2 Emergency Action Plan for Electric Fire: 1. Disconnect the affected areas electric supply. 2. Attempt to extinguish fire with the help of CO2, DCP 3. If fire is not extinguished, extinguish by spraying water with fog nozzle after ensuring complete isolation of electric circuit. Emergency Action Plan for Office Fire: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Disconnected electric supply of the affected area. Attempt to extinguish the fire with the help of CO2, DCP and sand. If large fire, use hydrant system. Attempt to save the record. Attempt fire extinguisher.
8.7.3
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report 8.7.4 Emergency Action Plan for Oil Fire:
1. Attempt to extinguish small fire with the help of DCP 2. If the fire is not controlled, use water foam to blanket the fire and further action is to be taken The proposed project will provide elaborate arrangements for managing any incidents of fire: 8.7.5 Water Tender Foam Tender Portable Pump Wireless set Water Hoses Hot line Telephone etc.,
Emergency Action Plan for Medical Aid: i. Emergency Action Plan for Electric Shock Casualties:
Electric shock results in: Irreversible damage to brain cell begins followed by deterioration of the organs. Rescue and first aid: Do first aid quickly and without fuss and panic v Switch off the supply if this can be done at once. v If not possible use a dry stick, dry cloth or other non-conductor to separate the victim from electrical contact. v The rescuer must avoid receiving shock himself by wearing gloves or using a jacket to pull the victim. v Always keep in mind that delay in rescue and resuscitation may be fatal. Every sound counts. ii. Artificial Respiration: Give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. There are several methods of artificial respiration, if the victim is nit injured over the face, try mouth to mouth. a) Mouth to Mouth Method: EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 123
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd v If there is obstruction to breathing, remove it with your fingers if it in mouth. Several sharp blows between shoulder blade may help to is lodge an obstruction. v Lay casually on his back, put something under his shoulder to raise them & allow his head to fall backwards. The head should be, if possible be a little lower than the trunk. Remember that speed is essential. v Kneel at the causalities head and grasp his arms at the wrists then cross them firmly over the lower chest. This movement should force air out of his lungs. Press with the hands crossed on the lower part of the chest and maintain pressure for two seconds. v Release this pressure and pull out his arms with a sweeping movement upwards and outwards above his head and backwards as far as possible. v This movement should cause air to be drawn in to his lungs. Retain the arm in this position for three seconds. v Repeat these movements rhythmically about twelve times a minute checking the mouth frequently for obstructions. Each cycle will thus take give seconds- two seconds for chest pressure and three seconds for arm lift. v With the causality on his back there is danger of aspiration of vomit, mucus or blood reentering the system. This risk can be reduced by keeping his head extended and a little lower than the trunk. v If an assistant is available, he can press the causality lower jaws so that the chin is jutting out. v The assistant should also ensure that the mouth is kept open as far as possible and head is tilted to one side.
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd v When natural breathing begins, your movement should be adapted to correspond to it. v If burns are present, cover them with a dry sterile dressing v Handle the causality gentle v Do not allow people to crowd around and block fresh airflow.
v Arrange to remove the injured to the care of a doctor as early as possible. Natural Hazards 8.7.6 Emergency Action Plan for Tornado/High Winds: a. Weather reports shall be monitored from broadcast warnings regarding threatening conditions. b. If the tornado has been sighted or effect is felt, following steps should be taken by plant personnel. v Persons shall be notified over public address system or through siren. v Emergency services shall be alerted for assistance. v Plant personnel should be advised to assemble in the administration building basement, staff room, recreation room and rest rooms. v All safety systems should be kept on alert and all nonessential utilities should be put off. c. After the status is restored, personnel should inspect all the facilities for resource, first aid and damage control activities, damage assessment, and clean up, restoration and recovery. 8.7.7 Emergency Action Plan for Earthquakes a. When first tremors are sensed during an earthquake, all personnel should evacuate buildings and assemble at safe place away from structures, walls and falling objects. Emergency shut down should be declared. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 125
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd b. Emergency services should be contacted for assistance. c. After the status is restored, personnel should inspect all the facilities for rescue, first aid and damage control activities, damage assessment, cleanup, restoration and recovery. 8.7.8 Emergency Action Plan for Bomb Threat When bomb threat call is received, the following measures are to be taken. v Inform the message to the highest local police authority and seek their assistance for patrolling and security need. v Inform Controller of Explosives the details and nature of the anonymous message and read operations. v Request the Local Fore Brigade to position at least on fire tender at the Location immediately. v Keep the Concerned Department at the Regional Level informed with the developments at regular intervals. v Alert the Local Government / Private Hospitals and seek their help for providing Ambulances if necessary In The Location Premises: v Keep the Fire Hydrant System/all Fire Fighting and Personnel protective Equipment in readiness. v Every one entering the Location must be frisked at the Gate/check all Hand Bags, Parcels etc., for suspected explosive/dangerous objects. v Have thorough inspection of the Location for any suspected dangerous object. v Materials and other Boxes to be brought in to the Location must be deposited at Gate for minimum curing period of 48 Hrs. v Organize Employees Vigilance cell for round the clock observation of industry Premises. If The Suspected object is found: v In case of finding of suspected Article, do not disturb its position, but the area aroun d it should be cordoned off to a distance of 100 meters and more depending upon the gravity of situation. EHS Consultants, Bangalore. 126
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd v Adequate Staff or Police Squad posted to prevent any unauthorized entry into the enforced cordon. v Contact Controller of Explosives immediately, who on reaching the Site will decide suitable action for defusing and disposal of the suspected object. v Evolution of thick billowing smoke is an indication of impending explosion and in such a case, with draw or evacuates all personnel from the spot, which has been identified. v As a general measure regulate the movement of the outsiders inside our Premises and restrict their entry with permits.
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CHAPTER - 9.0 CONCLUSION

Any type of development activity has both beneficial and adverse impacts on the environment in which it operates. The impacts are identified and evaluated by the project proponents to reduce their negative impacts and maximize the positive effects on the surrounding environment. The proposed project will generate an optimum employment generation for the local population. Full pledged Environmental Management Cell exclusively for the proposed project shall be constituted with qualified Engineers. Overall, the proposed project will have positive impact on the Environment if, the recommended Environmental Monitoring, Health, Safety & Environmental Management aspects are fully implemented proponents. in high spirit by the project
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report: Prepared For

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

(M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd) at

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSULTANTS, # 529, SHANTHASHREE NIVAASA,

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

Need for EIA

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

Socio -Economic Environment

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

CHAPTER-2.0 PROJECT SITE DETAILS

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

Figure 2.1: Location of the Proposed Expansion Project Site

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

Figure 2.2: Location Map

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.

Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s Nirani Sugars Ltd

Figure 2.4 : Proposed Site & Site Surrounding Photographs

EHS Consultants, Bangalore.