School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday,

29 March 2012

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY - CHEM110/CHEM195 TEST 2 Date: Thursday 29 March 2012 Time: 17h45 18h30 Examiners: Dr V Paideya Mrs H Govender IMPORTANT: Complete this part immediately. Surname: Student No: Tutorial Day: Tutorial Group: Tutors Name: INSTRUCTIONS: 1. 2. Answer ALL questions. For Section A which contains the multiple choice questions, follow the instructions given in the question. 3. 4. Calculators may be used but all working must be shown. Your answers for Section B must be written on the question paper in the spaces provided. The left-hand pages may be used for extra space or for rough work. 5. Marks will be deducted for the incorrect use of significant figures and the omission of units. 6. 7. 8. You must write legibly in black or blue ink. Pencils and Tipp-Ex are not allowed. This test consists of 11 pages including a data sheet and a periodic table. Please check that you have them all. Question No. Mark 1 1 2 3 4 5 Total Initials: Total marks: 25

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions For each of the following questions, select the correct answer from the list provided. There is only one correct answer for each question. Indicate your answer on the multiple choice answer sheet provided. Make a dark heavy mark with a HB pencil that fills the block of the appropriate letter completely.

1.

Hydrogen and nitrogen react to form ammonia according to the reaction, 3H2 + N2 2NH3 If 4.0 moles of H2 with 2.0 mol of N2 are reacted, calculate how many moles of NH3 could be produced?

A B C D 2.

0.38 moles 2.0 moles 2.7 mol 4.0 mol (1)

A 5.72 g sample if magnesium nitride is reacted with excess water in the following reaction: Mg3N2 + 3H2O 2NH3 + 3MgO Determine the theoretical yield of MgO?

A B C D

6.85 g 2.28 g 0.170 g 4.75 g 2 (1)

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

3.

The actual yield of MgO in question (2) above is 4.90 g. What is the percentage yield for this reaction?

A B C D

97.4% 71.5% 49.4% 87.3% (1)

4.

Which of the following are combination reactions? i) CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(l) ii) CaO(s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) iii) Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s) iv) PbCO3(s) PbO(s) + CO2(g) A B C D i), ii), and iii) ii) and iii) i), ii), iii), and iv) iv) only (1)

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

5.

In this reaction 3Mg + 2HNO3(dilute) + 6H 3Mg + 2NO + 4H2O the magnesium acts as a reducing agent. How many electrons does each magnesium atom lose?
+ 2+

A B C D 6.

1 2 3 4 (1)

In this reaction, which substance behaves as the oxidizing agent? Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

A B C D 7.

Pb PbSO4 PbO2 H2SO4 (1)

Equal volumes of all gases, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, contain very nearly the same number of molecules. This is Avogadros Principle. Boyles Law. Daltons Law. Gay-Lussacs Law. 4 (1)

A B C D

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

8.

Which of the following pairs of aqueous solutions will give a precipitate when mixed?

A B C D 9.

LiClO4 and Ba(OH)2 AgNO3 and Ca(ClO4)2 K3PO4 and CaCl2 NaCl and K(CH3COO) (1)

Consider the following equation and select the correct net ionic equation. Li + Br + Pb + NO3
+

2+

A B C D 10.

PbBr2(s) + LiNO3(s) Pb + 2Br + LiNO3(s) Pb(NO3)2(s) + Li + 2Br PbBr2(s) + Li + NO3

+ + 2+

(1)

In the reaction between aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous nitric acid, which are the so-called "spectator" ions?
+

A B C D

K and OH
+

H and NO3
+

K and NO3 H and OH

+

(1) [10] End of Section A 5

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

SECTION B QUESTION 1

Copper(II) chloride reacts with sodium nitrate to form copper(II) nitrate and sodium chloride according to the equation below: CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl 1.1 If 15.0g of copper(II) chloride reacts with 20.0g of sodium nitrate, calculate how much of sodium chloride is formed? (2) nNaCl = nCuCl2 2 1 Moles of NaCl = 2 x Moles of CuCl2 Mass of NaCl = 2 x nCuCl2 x molar mass of NaCl = 2 x 15.0g/ 134.45g mol-1 x 58.44g mol-1 = 13.0g nNaCl = nNaNO3 2 2 Moles of NaCl = Moles of NaNO3 Mass of NaCl = nNaNO3 x molar mass of NaCl = 20.0g/85.0g mol-1 x 58.44g mol-1 = 13.8g The limiting reagent determines how much product is formed so 13.0g of NaCl is formed.

1.2

Which is the limiting reagent in the question above (1.1)? () Copper(II) chloride

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

1.3

Determine how much of the excess reagent is left over at the end of the reaction. (1) Mass of NaNO3 = nNaCl x molar mass of NaNO3 = 13g/58.44g mol-1 x 85g mol-1 = 18.9g Excess reagent remaining = 20g 18.9g = 0.88g

QUESTION 2

Balance the following equation in basic medium. Show the balanced oxidation and reduction half-reactions and the balanced overall reaction Cr(OH)3(s) + ClO3(aq) CrO42(aq) + Cl(aq) (4) Oxidation half-reaction: Cr(OH)3 + H2O CrO42 + 5H+ + 3e 2(Cr(OH)3 + H2O CrO42 + 5H+ + 3e ) Reduction half-reaction: ClO3 + 6H+ + 6e Cl + 3H2O

Balanced overall reaction: 2Cr(OH)3(s) + ClO3-(aq) 2Cr(OH)3 + ClO3 + 4OH 2CrO42(aq) + Cl(aq) + H2O(l) + 4H+(aq) 2CrO42 + Cl + H2O + 4H+ + 4OH 2CrO42 + Cl + H2O + 4H2O

2Cr(OH)3 + ClO3 + 4OH-

2Cr(OH)3(s) + ClO3(aq) + 4OH(aq) 2CrO42(aq) + Cl(aq) + 5H2O(l)

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

QUESTION 3

A 0.3126 g sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, requires 26.21 mL of a particular concentration of NaOH(aq) solution to complete the reaction given below. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution. The molar mass of oxalic acid is 90.04 g mol-1. 2NaOH(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) Na2C2O4(aq) + 2H2O(aq) (2) From the balanced equation the reacting ratio of NaOH to C2O42- is 2:1 i.e moles of NaOH / moles of C2O42- = 2/1 i.e MNaOH VNaOH = 2/1 moles of C2O42i.e. MNaOH = 2/1 moles of C2O42- / VNaOH = 2/1 (0.3126 g /90.04 g mol-1) / 0.02621 dm-3 = 0.2649 mol dm-3

QUESTION 4 Calculate the volume, in m3, of hydrogen collected over water at 18 oC and 725 mmHg when 0.840 g of lithium reacts with water. The balanced equation for the reaction is: 2Li(s) + H2O(l) H2(g) + 2LiOH(aq) The partial pressure of H2O(g) is 15.5 mmHg at 18 oC. Given R = 8.314 m3 Pa mol-1 K-1

a)

(3)

partial pressure of dry hydrogen gas using SI units PH2 = (725 15.5) mmHg = 709.5 mmHg/760 mmHg atm-1 = 0.934 atm (convert to Pa)
8

School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban CHEM110/CHEM195: General Principles of Chemistry TEST 2: Thursday, 29 March 2012

PH2

= 0.947 atm x 101325 Pa atm-1

= 9.46 x 104 Pa

(ii)

moles of hydrogen gas

nH2 = nLi/2 = 0.840g/ 6.941g mol-1 x 2 = 0.0605mol V = nRT/P = (0.0605 x 8.314 m3 Pa mol-1K-1 x 291.15K )/ 9.46 x 104 Pa = 1.55 x 10-3m3
b) What is the density, in g L-1, of a sample of oxygen gas at 0.987 atm and 25 oC? Given R = 8.314 m3 Pa mol-1 K-1 (2)

Density = MP/RT = (1.00 105 Pa x 32.00 g mol-1)/8.314 m3 Pa mol-1 K-1 x 298.15 K. = 1291 g m-3 (convert volume from cubic meters to litres) = 1.29 g L-1

[15]

End of Section B