Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A. ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY
Nursing Roles
1. Technical expert
2. Consultant
3. Health teacher
4. Tutor
5. Socializing agent
6. Safety agent
7. Manager of environment
8. Mediator
9. Administrator
10.Recorder observer
11.Researcher
Definition of the Unique Function of Nursing
• Breathing normally
• Eating and drinking adequately
• Eliminating body wastes
• Moving and maintaining desirable position
• Sleeping and resting
• Selecting suitable clothes
• Maintaining body temperature within normal range
• Keeping the body clean and well-groomed
• Avoiding dangers in the environment
• Communicating with others
• Worshipping according to one’s faith
• Working in such a way that one feels a sense of
accomplishment
• Playing/participating in various forms of recreation
• Learning, discovering or satisfying the curiosity that
leads to normal development and health and using
available health facilities.
C. SYSTEMS THEORIES
Client Variables
The clients’ variables can be one or combination of
the following: physiological, sociocultural, developmental
and spiritual. These variables function to achieve
stability in relation to the environmental stressors
experienced by the client.
Lines of Resistance
Lines of Resistance act when the Normal Line of
Defense is invaded by too much stressor, producing
alterations in the client’s health.
Stressors
These are forces that produce tensions, alterations or
potential problems causing instability within the client’s
system.
Reaction
These are the outcomes or produced results of certain
stressors and actions of the lines resistance of a client.
It can be positive or negative depending on the degree of
reaction the client produces to adjust and adapt with the
situation. Neuman specified these reactions as negentropy
or entropy. Negentropy is set towards stability or wellness
while Egentropy is set towards disorganization of the
system producing illness.
Behavioral System Model
Action
Action is a means of behavior or activities that are
towards the accomplishment of certain act. It is both
physical and mental.
Reaction
In King’s theory, reaction is not specified but
somehow relates reaction as part of action. According to
her, reaction is a response to a stimuli.
Interaction
Interaction, as defined by King, is any situation
wherein the nurse relates and deals with a clientele or
patient.
Open System
It is the absence of boundary existence, where a
dynamic interaction between the internal and external
environment can exchange information without barriers or
hindrances.
King proposed that the nurse interacts in the system
simultaneously at three different levels. These levels are
independent and at the same time co-exist to influence
over-all nursing practice.
Self-Care Theory
D. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
Adaptation Model
Transcultural Theory
References:
Octaviano, Eufemia F., RN, RM, MN, EdD, Balita, Carl E.,
RN, RM, MAN, DrHum. “Theoretical Foundations of Nursing:
The Philippine Perspective”, 2008.
http://nursingcrib.com
http:// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/