APES- Terrestrial Biomes Review 1. Biome: climatically and geographically similar climatic conditions as earth.

Communities of plants, animals and soil organisms often referred to as ecosystems. 2. Climate: climate of location affected by latitude, terrain, altitude and nearby water water bodies and their currents. Climates can be classified by the average of different variables such as precipitation and temperature. 3. Rainshadow: dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area. Mountains cast a shadow of dryness. 4. Windward: More rain. Wind blowing directly. Cooler 5. Leeward: Hotter, more dry. Mountain blocking wind. 6. Latitude: lines on earth that run from the east to the west as circles parallel to the equator. 7. Altitude: Height above sea level of a location. 8. Primary Succession: Gradual growth of an eco-system over a longer period. There is no soil to begin with. 9. Secondary Succession: process started from an event, such as an (forest fire, tsunami, ect) reduces the amount of species to a smaller population. Occurs in pre-existing soil. Land used to be successful. Only few species left. Faster than primary succession. Seeds and roots may still be alive in the soil. 10. Tropical: lush vegetation. Warm or hot. Moist year round. 11. Temperate: temperature latitude lies between tropics and polar regions. Changes are relatively moderate. But in some parts of the world, change may be extreme because the area of land may be far away from the sea. 12. Desert: Less than 10 in of precipitation. Some may not experience any at all. Some areas may experience a good amount of rain, but are still considered desert because the water evaporates very quickly. 13. Polar: less solar radiation. Suns rays arrives at oblique angle. More wide spread spreading over a large area. Travels longer distance through earths atmosphere. May be absorbed, scattered or reflected. Critical Thinking Read, analyze, and give complete answers to these questions. 1. Describe the rainshadow effect and explain how it can alter the climate of the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range.

The rainshadow effect is where there is no rain and the mountain is casting a shadow of dryness. On the windward side, moisture condenses and precipitates on top of the windward side of the mountain. Then the air descends onto the leeward side. But by this time the moisture is gone, so it casts a shadow and creates a rainshadow. 2. What effect does living near a large ocean or lake have on average air temperatures? Why?- Explain. If you live near a large ocean or lake, the temperatures will be lower and there will not be much change throughout the seasons. An example of this would be where we live San Diego. 3. Complete this summary chart of the land-based ecosystems.

Equatorial, polar, or mid latitude?

Percipitation (High, low, seasonal) low low low seasonal low low Low high high high high seasonal

Tropical desert Temperate desert Polar desert

Equatorial Mid latitude polar

Average Temperature (High, Low, Seasonal) high seasonal low high seasonal high high high seasonal seasonal high low

Example animal and plant adaptions

Tropical Grasslands Mid latitude Temperate Grasslands Polar grasslands chaparral Tropical rainforest Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest (taiga) Temperature rainforest Mountains Mid latitude poles Mid latitude Equitorial Mid latitude eqitorial Mid latitude Mid latitude

4. For each category of biomes, give a major human impact and list 2 endangered species: a. Deserts development by mining. Ocelot, Kangaroo rat b. Grasslands building of power plants, asian elephants, West african giraffe c. Forests trees being cut down, Manatees, Gorillas d. Mountains mountaintop removal mining, canada lynx, Black footed ferret