Walsh Associates Consulting Structural & Civil Engineers

SEAGRAVE ROAD

5.2

Live Loads Live loads have been assessed in accordance with BS 6399 Pt1 and are summarised in Table 3. Live load reduction will be carried out in accordance with Bs6399 Pt 1, Table 3, repeated below in Table 4. Table 3 Live Loads Use Residential Retail / Commercial Car Parking Loading kN/m2 1.5 4.0 2.5

5.0 Structural Design Criteria

This section describes the methods used to design the various structural element systems and types. The following assumptions have been made by Walsh Associates:

5.1

Dead Loads Dead loads should generally be kept to a minimum given the number of floors to be supported. This should be achieved by:

Table 4 Live Load Reduction Partitions should be drywall construction rather than stud External cladding should be lightweight, rather than block Floor finishes should avoid the use of screeds. No of Floors Supported 1 2 3 4 5-10 Above 10 % Reduction in Total Imposed Load 0 10 20 30 40 50

In general blockwork should be avoided due to both its weight and also because it is a brittle material with onerous deflection criteria.

Assumed dead loads for a typical floor are shown in Table 2

5.3

Wind Loads The main stability forces to be resisted are wind loads. Loads have been

Table 2 Superimposed Dead Loads Component Floating floor Finishes & ceiling Partitions Total Loading 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.8

initially assessed based on BS 6399 Pt 2 1997. Due allowance in the design has been made for shape factors, dynamic augmentation and dominant wind direction. However a wind tunnel test will be required to establish the wind regime on the structure, the cladding and surrounding environment.

Cladding assumed to be Glazing plus backing, taken as 1.5kNm-2 5.4 Hydrostatic Loading The basement structure will be designed for water 1.0m below grade level, as required by BS 8102 Protection of Structures against Water From the Ground

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Walsh Associates Consulting Structural & Civil Engineers

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5.5

Fire Resistance The required fire resistance is yet to be established. However the current climate of opinion may require up to 4 hours in the basement and 2 hours for the superstructure. These can be achieved without major impact on the structure. Fire resistance will be achieved by specifying a minimum cover to reinforcement. A concrete structure will provide inherent fires resistance and the core will provide a natural save haven. 5.8

The exposure for elements in contact with the ground will be determined in accordance with BRE Digest 363 based on the level of sulphates in the ground as determined by the site investigation

Basement Design Criteria

The basement will be designed to CIRIA guide 139 for the degree of 5.6 Robustness The size of structural elements required to support the lateral and vertical loading will provide inherent resistance to accidental loads. Robustness as required by BS 8110 Pt 1 Clause 3.1.4 will be achieved in the structural design by: Use Car Parking Plant i) ii) The provision of both lateral and vertical ties via reinforcement. Key elements which if removed would cause unacceptable will be designed in accordance with BS 8110 Pt 2 Clause 2.6 iii) Columns at ground floor will either be protected from vehicle impact or designed for impact loading. We note that NHBC now specify grade 2 as a minimum, however this can be limited to the roof only if queried. Grade Grade 1; minor seepage acceptable Grade 2; Seepage not acceptable watertightness given below in Table 6.

Table 6 Basement Design Criteria

5.7

Durability Concrete mixes and cover will be provided to protect the reinforcement against corrosion according to the exposure conditions defined in BS8110 Pt 1 Section 6.2, as in Table 5.

5.9

Deflection

The structure will be designed to the following criteria. These are derived from BS 8110, BS8004 and the CIRIA guide to movement in buildings. These criteria are established to prevent damage to non structural elements and to prevent deflections from being visible.

Table 5 Durability Requirements Condition Residential slabs Balconies Car Park Foundations & structure in contact with ground Exposure mild moderate Severe TBC

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Walsh Associates Consulting Structural & Civil Engineers

SEAGRAVE ROAD

5.10 Table 7 Deflection Criteria Element Total vertical deflection of concrete floors and beams under service loads Vertical post installation deflection of concrete floors and beams after installation of finishes Total vertical deflection of steel beams Vertical live load deflection of steel beams Lateral sway under service wind loads Height/500 Span/360 Span/200 The lesser of span/350 or 20mm 5.11 Criteria Span/250

Human Comfort As well as the criteria above the structure will be designed to the following criteria, based on acceptability limits of humans to motion.

Design Standards and References We shall design to all the appropriate British Standards and documents approved by Building Regulations.

6.0 Construction Strategy

The construciton strategy has yet to be developed. It is envisaged that the site will be developed in Phases above podium. It is unlikely to be feasible to The

construct the podium in more than 2 Phases, for logistical reasons. fololwing strategy is proposed:

West Zone The structure will be designed for additional moments induced by deflection (buckling) as per CIB FIP Model Code 1990. In domestic structures a maximum foundation settlement of 25mm is normally used as a deflection criteria, along with a differential settlement between foundations of 19mm. These limits are not appropriate for high rise structures given the magnitude of foundation loading. Instead deflections are minimised and actions taken to mitigate against the anticipated deflections. These measures will include: Pre-cambering out deflections Articulating finishes to accommodate movement Building out deflections as the structure is built. Secant pile west zone perimeter Install sheet piling along East / West zone split Install bearing piles from ground Excavate central area, leaving berm Cast basement slab Cast podium slab Remove Berm, cast perimeter Hand over basement for car parking & Fit out Commence construction superstructure Commence construction of East zone and or Sueprstructure

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Walsh Associates Consulting Structural & Civil Engineers

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East Zone Secant pile east zone perimeter Excavate central area Cast basement slab Cast podium slab Remove Berm, cast perimeter Remove sheet piling Hand over basement for car parking Commence construction superstructure

7.0 Sustainability
7.1 General
The engineering design of the project is to be developed in a holistic manner in conjunction with both the Architectural and Environmental design in order to minimise the effect the project has on the environment. This will be achieved by considering both the structural arrangement and the materials used.

This strategy was used at the Greenwich Reach project.

Examples of positive environmental aspects that will be reviewed for incorporation into our structural schemes include:

Using the inherent thermal mass of the concrete frame as a key element of the environmental strategy.

Reducing the dead weight of the floor slabs by using a power floated concrete finish, alleviating the requirement for a non-structural levelling screed and thus reducing slab reinforcement and foundation loads.

Using inherently robust, durable, self finished materials requiring little maintenance.

Choosing a structural system with an eye to initial low cost reasonable embodied energy.

and

Focusing on design loads as just adequate for proposed

use, i.e.

do not over design the structure computer software enables efficient design.

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