THERMODYNAMICS I TUTORIAL 01 1. What is the difference between the classical and the statistical approaches to thermodynamics? 2.

An office worker claims that a cup of cold coffee on his table warmed up to 80oC by picking up energy from the surrounding air, which is at 25 oC. Is there any truth to his claim? Does this process violate any thermodynamics laws? 3. What is the difference between the macroscopic and microscopic forms of energy? 4. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties? 5. Define the isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric processes. 6. What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure? 7. Most of the energy generated in the engine car is rejected to the air by the radiator through the circulating water. Should the radiator be analyzed as a closed system or and open system? Explain. 8. A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the refrigerator so that it will cool. Would you model the can of soft drink as a closed system or an open system? Explain. 9. What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics? 10. What is a quasi-equilibrium process? What is its importance in engineering? 11. A vacuum gage connected to a tank reads 30 kPa at a location where the barometric reading is 755 mm Hg. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank. Take Hg = 13590 kg/m3.
30

Pabs

Patm

12. The barometer of a mountain hiker read 930 mbar at the beginning of a hiking trip and 780 mbar at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local gravitational acceleration, determine the vertical distance climbed. Assume an average air density of 1.20 kg/m3 and take g=9.7 m/s2.
780 mbar h=?

930 mbar

13. Both a gage and a manometer are attached to a gas tank to measure its pressure. If the reading on the pressure gage is 80 kPa, determine the distance between the two fluid levels of the manometer if the fluid is: a) Mercury ( = 13600 kg/m3) b) Water ( = 1000 kg/m3)
80 h=?

14. A manometer containing oil ( = 850 kg/m3) is attached to a tank filled with air. If the oil-level difference between the two columns is 45 cm and the atmospheric pressure is 98 kPa, determine the absolute pressure of the air in the tank. 15. The lower half of a 10 m-high is filled with water ( = 1000 kg/m3) and the upper half with oil that has a specific gravity of 0.85. Determine the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the cylinder.
Oil =850 kg/m3 Water =1000 kg/m3

h=10 m

16. A glass tube is attached to a water pipe as shown. If the water pressure at the bottom of the tube is 115 kPa and the local atmospheric pressure is 92 kPa, determine how high the water will rise in the tube, in meter. Assume g=9.8 m/s2 at that location and take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3.
Patm = 92 kPa h=?

water

17. Consider a system whose temperature is 18 oC. Express this temperature in R, K, and oF. 18. The boiling temperature of water decreases by about 3 oC for each 1000 m rise in altitude. What is the decrease in the boiling temperature for each 1000 m rise in altitude in a) Kelvin b) o Fahrenheit c) Rankine

19. A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless piston-cylinder device. The piston has a mass of 4 kg and cross-sectional area of 35 cm 2. A compressed spring above the piston exerts a force of 60 N on the piston. If the atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa, determine the pressure inside the cylinder. Assume the gravitational constant, g=9.807 m/s2.
Patm = 95 kPa 60 N mp = 4 kg

A = 35 cm2 P=?

20. A vertical, frictionless piston-cylinder device contains a gas at 500 kPa. The atmospheric pressure outside is 100 kPa, and the piston area is 30 cm 2. Determine the mass of the piston. Assume the gravitational constant, g=9.807 m/s2.
Patm = 10 kPa mp = ?

A = 30 cm2 P = 500 kPa