Assignment II

Solutions
1. 50 ml of standard hard water containing 0.5 mg of CaCO3 per ml consumed 20 ml of EDTA. 50ml of water sample consumed 25 ml of same EDTA solution. 50ml of boiled water sample consumed 18 ml of EDTA solution. Calculate carbonate and non carbonate hardness of the water sample and express them in ppm as well as in Degree French. Solution Calculation of EDTA equivalence 1ml of standard hard water contains 0.5 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of standard hard water = 50 x 0.5 = 25 mg of CaCO3 25 mg of CaCO3 consumed 20 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 25 / 20 = 1.25 mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Total Hardness 50 ml of water sample consumed 25 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 1.25 mg of CaCO3 25 ml of EDTA = 25 x 1.25 = 31.25 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of water sample contains 31.25 mg of CaCO3 1000 ml of water sample will contain 31.25 X 1000 = 625 ppm of CaCO3 50 Calculation of Permanent Hardness (Non Carbonate Hardness) 50 ml of boiled water sample consumed 18 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 1.25 mg of CaCO3 18 ml of EDTA = 18 x 1.25 = 22.5 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of water sample = 22.5 mg of CaCO3 1000 ml of water sample = 22.5 X 1000 = 450 ppm of permanent hardness 50 Non Carbonate Hardness in degree French = 450 x 0.1 = 45 oFr Calculation of Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness) Temporary Hardness = Total Hardness Permanent Hardness Carbonate Hardness in degree French = 175 x 0.1 = 17.5 oFr VSG & KY Page 1 4-9-10 = 625 450 = 175 ppm

2. 500 mg of CaCO3 was dissolved in dilute HCl and made up to 1000 ml. 50 ml of the above solution required 46 ml of EDTA for titration. 50 ml of water sample required 20 ml of same EDTA for titration. 50ml of boiled water sample required 12 ml of EDTA for titration. Find out temporary and permanent hardness of the water sample and express in ppm and degree Clark. Solution Calculation of EDTA equivalence 1000ml of standard hard water contains 500mg of CaCO3 1ml of standard hard water = 500 / 1000 = 0.5 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of standard hard water = 50 x 0.5 = 25 mg of CaCO3 25 mg of CaCO3 consumed 46 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 25 / 46 = 0.543 mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Total Hardness 50 ml of water sample consumed 20 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 0.543 mg of CaCO3 20 ml of EDTA = 20 x 0.543 = 10.86 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of water sample = 10.86 mg of CaCO3 1000 ml of water sample = 10.86 X 1000 = 217.2 ppm of Total Hardness 50 Calculation of Permanent Hardness ( Non Carbonate Hardness) 50 ml of boiled water sample consumed 12 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 0.543 mg of CaCO3 12 ml of EDTA = 12 x 0.543 = 6.516 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of water sample = 6.516 mg of CaCO3 1000 ml of water sample = 6.516 X 1000 = 130.32 ppm of Permanent hardness 50 Non Carbonate Hardness in degree Clark = 130.32 x 0.07 = 9.122 oCl

Calculation of Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness) Temporary Hardness = Total Permanent = 217.2 130.32 = 86.88 ppm Carbonate Hardness in degree Clark = 86.88 x 0.07 = 6.081 oCl VSG & KY Page 2 4-9-10

3. 25 ml of standard hard water containing 1 mg of CaCO3 per ml consumed 12 ml of EDTA solution. 25 ml of water sample consumed 8 ml of same EDTA solution. 25 ml of boiled water sample consumed 6 ml of standard EDTA solution. Calculate the total, permanent and temporary hardness of the water sample. Solution Calculation of EDTA equivalence 1ml of standard hard water contains 1mg of CaCO3 25 ml of standard hard water = 25 x 1 = 25 mg of CaCO3 25 mg of CaCO3 consumed 12 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 25 / 12 = 2.083 mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Total Hardness 25 ml of water sample consumed 8 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 2.083 mg of CaCO3 8 ml of EDTA = 8 x 2.083 = 16.664 mg of CaCO3 25 ml of water sample = 16.664 mg of CaCO3 Total Hardness present in 1000 ml of water sample = 16.664 X 1000 = 666.56 ppm 25

Calculation of Permanent Hardness ( Non Carbonate Hardness) 25 ml of boiled water sample consumed 6 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 2.083mg of CaCO3 6 ml of EDTA = 6 x 2.083 = 12.498 mg of CaCO3 25 ml of water sample = 12.498 mg of CaCO3 Permanent hardness present in 1000 ml of water sample = 12.498 X 1000 / 25 = 499.92 ppm

Calculation of Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness) Temporary Hardness = Total Hardness Permanent Hardness = 666.56 499.92 = 166.64 ppm

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4. 50 ml of standard hard water containing 1 mg of CaCO3 per ml consumed 17 ml of EDTA solution. 50 ml of water sample consumed 12 ml of EDTA. Calculate the total hardness.

Solution EDTA equivalence

1ml of standard hard water contains 1 mg of CaCO3 50 ml of standard hard water = 50 x 1 = 50 mg of CaCO3 50 mg of CaCO3 consumed 17 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 50 / 17 = 2.941 mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Total Hardness 50 ml of water sample consumed 12 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 2.941 mg of CaCO3 12 ml of EDTA = 12 x 2.941 = 35.292mg of CaCO3 50 ml of water sample = 35.292 mg of CaCO3 Total hardness present in 1000 ml of water sample = 35.292 X 1000 = 705.84 ppm 50

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5. 100 ml of water sample required 15 ml of 0.01 M EDTA for titration using EBT indicator. 100 ml of the same sample after boiling and removing temporary hardness required 8 ml of 0.01 M EDTA using EBT indicator. Calculate the total, permanent and temporary hardness of the water sample.

Solution Method 1

1000ml of 1M EDTA 1000ml of 1M CaCO3 1M CaCO3 solution is prepared by dissolving 100 g of CaCO3 in 1 liter of water 1M CaCO3 solution is prepared by dissolving 100 X 1000mg of CaCO3 in 1 liter of water = 100000 mg / L 1 ml of the above solution will contain 100000 mg of CaCO3 1000 ie 1 ml of 1M CaCO3 will contain 100mg of CaCO3 We know that 1000ml of 1M EDTA 1000ml of 1M CaCO3 Hence 1ml of 1M EDTA = 1ml of 1M CaCO3 = 100mg of CaCO3 Also it can be said that 1ml of 0.1M EDTA = 1ml of 0.1M CaCO3 = 10mg of CaCO3 1ml of 0.01M EDTA = 1ml of 0.01M CaCO3 = 1mg of CaCO3 Calculation of EDTA equivalence 1ml of 0.01M EDTA = 1mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Total Hardness 100ml of sample water 15 ml of 0.01 M EDTA 1ml of 0.01M EDTA = 1mg of CaCO3 Therefore 15 ml of 0.01M EDTA = 15 X 1 = 15 mg of CaCO3 Hence total hardness = 15 X 1000 / 100 = 150 ppm VSG & KY Page 5 4-9-10

Calculation of Permanent Hardness

100ml of sample water after removing temporary hardness 8 ml of 0.01 M EDTA 1ml of 0.01M EDTA = 1mg of CaCO3 Therefore 8 ml of 0.01M EDTA = 8 X 1 = 8mg of CaCO3 Hence total hardness = 8 X 1000 / 100 = 80 ppm

Calculation of Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness)

Temporary Hardness = Total Hardness Permanent Hardness = 150 80 = 70 ppm

Method 2 Hardness is weight in mg per litre To calculate the weight per litre we can make use of volumetric law Weight per liter = Normality X equivalent weight Or Weight per liter = Molarity X Molecular weight The unit for the above is g /L Now to calculate hardness the formula should be slightly modified as Hardness = Weight (in mg) / L = Strength X Eq. weight / molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000

Calculation of Total Hardness

Let the volume of EDTA be (V1) = 15ml Strength of EDTA be (N1) = 0.01M Volume of water Sample = V2 = 100ml Strength of water sample = N2 = 15 X 0.01 100 VSG & KY Page 6 4-9-10

Hardness = Strength X Molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 = N2 X 100 X 1000 = 15 X 0.01 X 100 X 1000 = 150 ppm 100

Calculation of Permanent Hardness

Let the volume of EDTA be (V1) = 8ml Strength of EDTA be (N1) = 0.01M Volume of water Sample = V2 = 100ml Strength of water sample = N2 = 8X 0.01 100 Hardness = Strength X Molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 = N2 X 100 X 1000 = 8 X 0.01 X 100 X 1000 = 80 ppm 100

Calculation of Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness)

Temporary Hardness = Total Hardness Permanent Hardness = 150 80 = 70 ppm

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6. 100 ml of water sample has a hardness equivalent to 18 ml of 0.05 N CaCl2. What is the hardness in ppm? Solution Hardness is weight in mg per litre To calculate the weight per litre we can make use of volumetric law Weight per liter = Normality X equivalent weight Or Weight per liter = Molarity X Molecular weight

The unit for the above is g /L Now to calculate hardness the formula should be slightly modified as Hardness = Weight (in mg) / L = Strength X Eq. weight / molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 Let the volume of CaCl2 be (V1) = 18ml Strength of CaCl2 be (N1) = 0.05N Volume of water Sample = V2 = 100ml Strength of water sample = N2 = 18 X 0.05 100 Hardness = Strength X Eq. weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 = N2 X 50 X 1000 = 18 X 0.05 X 50 X 1000 = 450 ppm 100

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7. 10ml of water sample required 20 ml of EDTA solution. 20 ml of standard hard water whose strength is equivalent to 1.5 g of CaCO3 per Liter required 30 ml of EDTA solution. Calculate the hardness of water sample.

Solution Calculation of EDTA equivalence

1000ml of standard hard water contains 1.5g of CaCO3 = 1500 mg of CaCO3 1ml of standard hard water contains 1.5mg of CaCO3 20 ml of standard hard water = 20 x 1.5 = 30 mg of CaCO3 30 mg of CaCO3 consumed 30 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 30 / 30 = 1 mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Total Hardness 10 ml of water sample consumed 20 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 1mg of CaCO3 20 ml of EDTA = 20 x 1 = 20 mg of CaCO3 10 ml of water sample = 20 mg of CaCO3 1000 ml of water sample = 20 X 1000 = 2000 ppm 10

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8. 100 ml of water sample required 20 ml of EDTA solution for titration. 1ml of EDTA solution is equivalent to 1.1 mg of CaCO3. Calculate the hardness.

Solution EDTA equivalence 1ml of EDTA = 1.1 mg of CaCO3 Calculation of Hardness 100 ml of water sample consumed 20 ml of EDTA 1ml of EDTA = 1.1mg of CaCO3 20 ml of EDTA = 20 x 1.1 = 22 mg of CaCO3 100 ml of water sample requires = 20ml of EDTA = 22 mg of CaCO3 Hardness present in 1000 ml of water sample = 22 X 1000 = 220 ppm 100

9. 250 ml of water sample consumed 13 ml of 0.022 M EDTA solution. Calculate the hardness of water sample.

Solution Calculation of Hardness

Let the volume of EDTA be (V1) = 13ml Strength of EDTA be (N1) = 0.022M Volume of water Sample = V2 = 250ml Strength of water sample = N2 = 13 X 0.022 250 Hardness = Strength X Molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 = N2 X 100 X 1000 = 13 X 0.022 X 100 X 1000 = 114.4 ppm 250

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10. 100 ml of water sample consumed 20 ml of 0.01 M EDTA solution for titration with EBT indicator. 100ml of same water sample after boiling and filtering required 10 ml of 0.01 M EDTA. Calculate the total, carbonate and non carbonate hardness of the sample. Solution Calculation of Total Hardness Let the volume of EDTA be (V1) = 20ml Strength of EDTA be (N1) = 0.01M Volume of water Sample = V2 = 100ml Strength of water sample = N2 = 20 X 0.01 100 Hardness = Strength X Molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 = N2 X 100 X 1000 = 20 X 0.01 X 100 X 1000 = 200 ppm 100

Calculation of Permanent Hardness (Non carbonate hardness)

Let the volume of EDTA be (V1) = 10ml Strength of EDTA be (N1) = 0.01M Volume of water Sample = V2 = 100ml Strength of water sample = N2 = 10X 0.01 100 Hardness = Strength X Molecular weight (of CaCO3) X 1000 = N2 X 100 X 1000 = 10 X 0.01 X 100 X 1000 = 100 ppm 100

Calculation of Temporary Hardness (Carbonate Hardness) Temporary Hardness = Total Hardness Permanent Hardness = 200 100 = 100 ppm VSG & KY Page 11 4-9-10