BASIC RECOVERY METHODS AND RIGGING TECHNIQUES

63B34G01

Terminal Learning Objective (TLO)

ACTION: Define rigging methods and techniques. CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given instruction, with references. STANDARD: IAW applicable references.

RESPONSIBILITY
Recovery is the responsibility of the owning unit. Accomplished with specifically designed equipment, similar equipment, or selfvehicle recovery.

PURPOSE
First step in the repair and return to user process. Recovery is to remove disabled or unserviceable equipment from the line of fire in the forward area to a place where damage can be assessed and the repair level can be determined.
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METHODS OF RECOVERY

Methods
Winching

Methods
Lifting

Methods
Towing

Methods
Expedients

8 Steps to Recovery

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Reconnoiter area
1. Check the terrain for an approach to the
load; then determine the method of rigging and the availability of natural anchors. As with a tactical mission, a recovery crew must know the problem before making decisions. 2. Make a complete ground survey of the area; then select the best route of approach to the disabled vehicle to prevent possible disablement of the recovery vehicle. 3. When selecting the evacuation route, ensure the military route classification number will support the combination vehicle classification.

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Estimate situation
Estimate the resistance created by the load and determine the capacity of the available effort. for most recovery operations involving winching, the available effort would be the maximum capacity of the winch. In some recovery operations, the maximum distance between the winch and the disabled vehicle could be restricted, making the available effort as little as half the winch capacity.

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Calculate ratio
Compute an estimated mechanical advantage for the rigging by dividing the resistance of the load by the available effort.

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Obtain resistance
1. Compute the tackle resistance and total resistance. Determine the resistance of the tackle. The percent of the load resistance as determined in step 2 is multiplied by the number of sheaves in the rigging. The determined resistance of the tackle added to the load resistance equals the total resistance. 2. Total effort available is winch capacity multiplied by the mechanical advantage. If effort available is more than total resistance, proceed to "Verify Solution". If it less, go to "Calculate Ratio" and add mechanical advantage.
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Verify solution
1. Compute line forces to compare with the winch and dead line capacities. Divide the total resistance by the mechanical advantage. The result is the force of the fall line. The fall line force must be less than the capacity of effort. Therefore, this step of the recovery procedure is the key step to solving the problem. 2. When verifying the solution, if the computed fall line force is greater than the effort, the mechanical advantage must be increased. Note that no physical work has occurred up to this point. As a result, no time is lost moving equipment or having to reerect rigging equipment, Compute the dead line force, determine the required strength of equipment capacity, and choose the correct equipment to use as dead lines.

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Erect rigging
Orient the crew, instruct them to assemble the tackle, and then move to a safe location. Advise the crew members of the plan, direct them to erect the tackle, and then assign specific tasks. crew members can save time by having a thorough knowledge of the tackle to be erected and by helping each other. Observe all safety precautions!

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Recheck rigging
Make sure that tackle is rigged for proper and safe operation. Direct the operator to remove most of the slack from the lines and to inspect for correct assembly. If any corrections must be made, direct the crew members to make them. Explain the details of the operations to the operators of the recovery vehicle and the other vehicles involved. Direct operators to be prepared to watch for and act on signals. Ten move to a safe location where signals can be observed by all vehicle operators.

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You are ready

Signal the operator to apply winch power and recover the load. Be alert and make sure that nothing obstructs the operations of the equipment, and that all personnel on the ground remain at a safe location.

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FUNDAMENTALS, PRINCIPLES AND TERMS

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Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical advantage is a small amount of force applied over a long distance to move a great load a short distance (multiplication of force)

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Mechanical Advantage

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Mechanical Advantage

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Mechanical Advantage
Block and tackle system

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FIBER ROPE

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Fiber Rope
Used for light and medium loads Guide lines for lifting devices Wash with water and hang up to dry Ends should be secured to prevent unraveling Store in cool dry place Avoid dragging SWC=d
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WIRE ROPE

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Wire Rope
Used for heavy loads Avoid using kinked cable Always lubricate with CL or unused engine oil Avoid storing near corrosive liquids SWC= 8d

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Wire Rope

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CHAINS

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Chains
Used as sling or dead lines Chains should be inspected for cracks Chains should never be painted SWC=8d

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BLOCKS

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Block Components

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Conventional Block

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Snatch Block

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CLASSIFICATION
Single, double, and triple sheave Size is determine by its rated capacity, diameter of the sheaves, the of cable used with the block, and the number of sheaves

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TACKLE TERMINOLOGY

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Lines

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BLOCK CONFIGURATIONS

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Fixed Block
Changes direction of pull without affecting MA Gains mechanical advantage during self recovery

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Running Block
Attached to and moves with the load Gains mechanical advantage

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Floating Block
Allows an even amount of pull

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TACKLE SYSTEMS

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Simple Tackle System

One or more blocks threaded or reeved with a rope To determine the MA of a simple tackle system, count the number of lines supporting the load
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Compound Tackle System

Two or more blocks reeved with more then one rope combination of two or more simple tackle systems fastened together MA is determined by multiplying the product of each simple tackle system
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RESISTANCE

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Grade Resistance

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Overturning Resistance

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Wheel Depth Mire

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Fender Depth Mire

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Turret/Cab Depth Mire

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WATER RESISTANCE

ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OF RESISTANCE MET, THE SAME WAY AS FOR A LAND RECOVERY. IN SOME INSTANCES THE RESISTANCE TO OVERCOME IS LESS
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Tackle Resistance
Reduces total available pulling power For each passage of rope through a block there is a 10% loss of energy The rule to determine tackle resistance is 10% of load times the number of sheaves in the rigging

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METHODS OF RIGGING

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Load Reduction Factors

Power to tracks 40% reduction Recover in the opposite direction of travel 10% reduction Combination of 50% Only pertains to tracked vehicles

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Methods of Rigging
Back Up Method

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Methods of Rigging
Lead Method

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Methods of Rigging
Man Power Method

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ANCHORS

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Anchors
Natural Anchors

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Anchors
Sand Parachute

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Anchors
Picket Holdfast

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Anchors
Log Deadman

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Anchors
Scotch Anchor

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TOWING

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Towing Operations

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Towing Operations

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Towing Operations

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SAFETY

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Unsafe Areas

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Hook Positions

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Towing Attachments

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SLING LEG FORCE

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Sling Leg Force

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LINES OF A TACKLE SYSTEM

FALL LINE DEAD LINES 12,000 LB WINCH
Q uestion 4 32,000 pounds M ired W heel D epth

L O A D
ANCHOR

RETURN LINES

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AVAILABLE EFFORT (AE)

MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF THE WINCH 12,000 LBS

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LOAD RESISTANCE (LR)

WEIGHT OF VEHICLE AND CARGO x MIRE RESISTANCE
VEHICLE CARGO MR MIRE RESISTANCE WHEEL DEPTH LOAD RESISTANCE 30,000 LBS +2,000 LBS 32,000 LBS x 1 32,000 LBS

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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (MA)

TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE DIVIDED(TLR) BY THE AVAILABLE EFFORT (AE) TLR = 3.46 MA IS 4:1
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41,600 LBS DIVIDED BY AE 12,000 LBS

TACKLE RESISTANCE (TR)

10% PER SHEAVE x NUMBER OF SHEAVES IN THE SYSTEM NUMBER OF SHEAVES 10% PER SHEAVE LOAD RESISTANCE TACKLE RESISTANCE 3 x 10% or .10 30% 32,000 LBS x .30 or 30% 9,600 LBS
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TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE (TLR)

LOAD RESISTANCE (LR) + TACKLE RESISTANCE (TR) LR TR TLR 32,000 LBS + 9,600 LBS 41,600 LBS

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FALL LINE FORCE (FLF)

TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE DIVIDED BY THE MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE TLR DIVIDED BY FLF 41,600 LBS MA 4 10,400 LBS

NOTE: THE FALL LINE FORCE CAN NOT EXCEED THE AVAILABLE EFFORT OR WINCH CAPACITY
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DEAD LINE FORCE (DLF)

NUMBER OF SUPPORTED WINCH LINES x THE FLF SUPPORTED WINCH LINES FLF DLF 4 x 10,400 LBS 41,600 LBS

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AVAILABLE EFFORT LOAD RESISTANCE TACKLE RESISTANCE TOTAL LOAD RESISTANCE MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE FALL LINE FORCE DEAD LINE FORCE

12,000 LBS 32,000 LBS 9,600 LBS 41,600 LBS 4:1 10,400 LBS 41,600 LBS
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