Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

BKF2741

DETERMINATION OF HEAT OF REACTION FOR CHEMICAL REACTION PROCESS 1.0 OBJECTIVE The objectives of this experiment is to calculate the heat changes for specific reaction 2.0 i. ii. THEORY Heat of formation: the heat released or adsorbed during formation of 1 mol of pure substances from its elements at specific condition Heat of combustion: the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen (amount of heat release/ mol burned substances) iii. Heat of solution, vaporization, heat of fusion and sublimation: the heat/energy that involves the changes of a substance condition or hydration of molecules/ ions. iv. Heat of neutralization: amount of heat release during formation of 1 mol water from acid and base reaction

Terms and definitions:

Enthalpy is defined as the amount of heat for particular substance at specific condition. The term enthalpy is composed of the prefix en-, meaning to "put into", plus the Greek word -thalpein, meaning "to heat", although the original definition is thought to have stemmed from the word, "enthalpos". The Hess Law stated that the reaction A and B produces C. Therefore: HC = HA + HB

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I 3.0 3.1 PROCEDURE Determination of colorimeter constant

BKF2741

1. Fill up 10 ml of tap water at ambient temperature into a test tube (T1). Insert a thermometer in the test tube to measure the temperature and place them inside an insulator. Record the temperature. 2. Fill up 10 ml of tap water in another test tube (T2), and heat it up using hot water bath at 45-55 oC. Record the actual temperature. 3. Pour T2 solution into T1. After that, place the test tube inside the insulator. Record the temperature immediately every 1 minute for 5 minutes in Table 4.1. 4. Repeat this experiment for 3 times to get the average values. 3.2 Heat of neutralization for HCl and KOH 1. Fill up 10 ml of 1M HCl solution in a test tube 1 (T1) and 10 ml of 1M KOH solution in test tube 2 (T2) 2. Close both test tubes with rubber stopper to prevent heat loss. Insert the thermometer to record the temperature for every 1 minute for 5 minutes. (you may use rubber stopper equipped with thermometer and make sure the thermometer touches the solution) 3. Mix KOH solution with HCl solution. Record the temperature changes every 1 minute for 5 minutes in Table 4.2. 4. Extrapolate the temperature base on the mixing time for each solution, and calculate heat of neutralization per mole of water. 5. The mass calculation must base on the mass of KOH (1) used. 6. Repeat this experiment once again. 3.3 Heat of neutralization for HC2H3O2 (ak) and KOH (ak)

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I BKF2741 Repeat procedure 3.2 using 10 ml of 1 M acetic acid solution and 10 ml of 1 M KOH solution. Record your data in Table 4.3 3.4 Heat of solution- KOH (s) 1. Weight 2.00 g of KOH powder using analytical weighting machine. 2. Fill up 10 ml of distilled water into a test tube (T1). Using a rubber stopper that equipped with thermometer, record the distilled water temperature for every 1 minute for 3 minutes. Record the temperature reading every 1 minute. 3. Load 2.00 g of KOH into the test tube. Stir slowly and carefully the solution using a thermometer and record the temperature changes for 10 minutes at 1 minute interval at the same time. Fill up Table 4.4 4. Repeat this experiment once again and record the average temperature. 3.5 Heat of reaction for HCl (aq) and KOH (s) 1. Weight 0.20 g of KOH powder. 2. Fill up 10 ml of 1 M HCl in a test tube (T1). Record the temperature for every 1 minute for 3 minutes. 3. Load the KOH powder into the test tube (T1). Slowly and carefully, stir the mixture using a thermometer. 4. Record the temperature reading for 10 minutes with 1 minute interval in Table 4.5. 5. Repeat once again this experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I 4.0 Trial 1 2 3 DATA COLLECTION Time, min Hot water temperature, oC Cold water temperature, oC Hot water temperature, oC Cold water temperature, oC Hot water temperature, oC Cold water temperature, oC * mixture Table 4.2 Heat of neutralization for HCl (aq) and KOH (aq) Trial 1 2 Aver Time, min HCl temperature, oC NaOH temperature, oC HCl temperature, oC NaOH temperature, C HCl temperature, oC *
o

BKF2741

Table 4.1 Equilibrium of water through calorimeter device 0 1 2 Mix * * * 0 * * * 1 * * * 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * * * * * * * * * *

Mix * *

0 * * *

1 * * *

2 * * *

3 * * *

4 * * *

5 * * * * * *

NaOH temperature, oC age * mixture Table 4.3 Heat of neutralization for HC2H3O2 (ak) and KOH (ak) ________________________________________________________________________ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I Trial 1 2 Aver Time, min HC2H3O2 temperature, oC NaOH temperature, oC HC2H3O2 temperature, oC NaOH temperature, oC HC2H3O2 temperature, oC
o

BKF2741 2 3 4 5 Mix 0 * * * * * * 1 * * * 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * * * *

NaOH temperature, C age * mixture

Table 4.4 Heat of solution- KOH (s) Trial 1 2 Time, min Water temperature, oC Water temperature, oC 0 1 2 3 Mix,0 1 * * * * * * 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * *

Average Water temperature, oC * solution temperature

________________________________________________________________________ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I Table 4.5 Heat of reaction for HCL (aq) and KOH (aq) Trial 1 2 Time, min Solution temperature, oC Solution temperature, oC 0 1 2 3 Mix,0 * * * 1 * * * 2 * * *

BKF2741

3 * * *

4 * * *

5 * * *

6 * * *

7 * * *

8 * * *

9 * * *

10 * * *

Average Solution temperature, oC * solution temperature

________________________________________________________________________ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

BKF2741

For each experimental study, the T of reaction is determined through the extrapolation of graph temperature versus time for each set of data. The Cp for water is 4.184 Jg-1C-1 while density is 1.0 gmL-1.

Temperature , oC

Method to calculate heat of reaction:

H is the amount of heat produce from the reaction

H = mC p t

m = mass of solution t = temperature changes, oC Cp = specific heat

Time (min)

The system is well insulated. Due to this situation the heat loses is zero.
mhot C p t hot + mcold C p t cold + C cal t cold = 0

mhot = mass of the hot water mcold= mass of the cold water
C cal t cold = amount of heat adsorbs by calorimeter

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP

Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

HC H A and Method to calculate

BKF2741

H C , the reactions enthalpy can be H A and In order to obtain molar enthalpy,

obtained using following equation:

H = macid C p T + C cal T

0 Molar enthalpy, H = H

Additional information: Density: acetic acid (1.0597 g/L), KOH (1.5355 g/L), HCl (1.1789 g/L) Reference book: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamic. Use this reference book to compute Cp value. 5.0 DISCUSSION 1. Calculate heat of reaction from each data obtain 2. Compare the heat of reaction per mole of water formed from the following reaction: i) neutralization of HCl (aq) and KOH (aq), ii) neutralization of HC2H3O2 (aq) and KOH (aq) and iii) HCL (aq) and KOH (s). Explain roughly on how the data can be illustrated into Hess Law for constant heat summation 3. Compare heat of neutralization: i) HCL (aq) and KOH (aq), ii) HC 2H3O2 (aq) and KOH (aq). Try to relate these experimental results with net ionic equation 4. Using the Hess Law, for HC2H3O2 (aq) and KOH (aq) reaction, write a procedure on ionization of HC2H3O2 and neutralization of H+ and OH, complete reaction path including the amount of heat adsorbed during each reaction.

_______________________________________________________________________ _ Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, UMP