lncomlng fresh waLer Lo Lhe requlred places of

use from Lhe munlclpal reservolr ls Lermed as use from Lhe munlclpal reservolr ls Lermed as
w41k 5uPPLY.
CuLgolng sewage and wasLe waLer from Lhe
places of use Lo a munlclpal draln or sepLlc places of use Lo a munlclpal draln or sepLlc
Lank ls Lermed uk4lN46
woter ls Needed lor woter ls Needed lor
Alr condlLlonlng And venLllaLlon
llre flghLlng
uomesLlc purpose uomesLlc purpose
o drinking
o cooking
o personal ablution
washing clothes o washing clothes
o flushing toilets
Speclal requlremenLs Speclal requlremenLs
o swimming pools
o gardening
o for ornamental pools, fountains ,cascades etc.
o laboratories
4lk cONul1lONlN6 4Nu
vN1lL41lON 5Y51M vN1lL41lON 5Y51M
WaLer cool alr condlLlonlng. WaLer cool alr condlLlonlng.
Coollng Lowers, spraylng of waLer.
1here are Lwo Lypes of requlremenLs for alr condlLlonlng:-
Chllled waLer and
PoL waLer ln a closed clrculL sysLem. PoL waLer ln a closed clrculL sysLem.
o LnLlre sysLem of plpes chlllers need Lo be fllled up wlLh waLer aL Lhe o LnLlre sysLem of plpes chlllers need Lo be fllled up wlLh waLer aL Lhe
beglnnlng.
o uemand ls calculaLed on Lhe basls of percenLage losses of Lhe clrculaLlon
raLe ln Lhe sysLem durlng 24 hours. raLe ln Lhe sysLem durlng 24 hours.
llk ll6n1lN6 llk ll6n1lN6
A small percenLage of Lhe gross sLorage ls losL A small percenLage of Lhe gross sLorage ls losL
ln evaporaLlon ,llne losses and LesLlng
A blg underground Lank ls requlred for flre
flghLlng servlces. flghLlng servlces.
SCUkCLS CI
WA1Lk SUL WA1Lk SUL
1he sources of waLer 1he sources of waLer
may be of Lwo Lypes:
Surface sources
o 8lver or sLream o 8lver or sLream
o onds or lakes
o SLorage reservolrs
underground sources
o Wells
o Sprlngs o Sprlngs
8aln waLer harvesLlng 8aln waLer harvesLlng
8ecycled waLer
WA1Lk kLUIkLMLN1S:
The average daily water requirements of water (for bathing, cooling, washing and toilet
flushing) for different types of buildings as recommended by the bureau of Indian flushing) for different types of buildings as recommended by the bureau of Indian
standards code of practice for water supply are:
Cccupancy Avg. water consumpt|on
|n ||ters ]head]day |n ||ters ]head]day
8esldences 133-223
PosLels 133-180
Cfflces 43-90
8esLauranLs(per seaL) 70
Clnemas , concerL halls and LheaLres 13 (er seaL)
Schools and colleges
uay schools 43-90 uay schools
8oardlng schools
43-90
133-223
PosplLals
no. of beds noL exceedlng 100 340 no. of beds noL exceedlng 100
no. of beds exceedlng 100
340
430
lnLernaLlonal and domesLlc alrporL 70
Digitally signed by www.archidude.com
DN: cn=www.archidude.com, o=www.archidude.com,
ou=www.archidude.com, email=dhoomalreddy@gmail.com, c=IN
Date: 2012.01.22 19:49:38 -08'00'
WA1Lk S1CkAGL:
Storage capacity required for a building can be determined from: Storage capacity required for a building can be determined from:
Hours of supply
Pressure in the mains
Demand pattern in the building Demand pattern in the building
Fire storage requirements.
TYPES OF STORAGE: TYPES OF STORAGE:
Overhead storage:
It is mandatory for flushing of toilets
Underground storage:
These are necessary to collect water from the city mains during These are necessary to collect water from the city mains during
hours of water supply if the pressure is not enough to reach to
point of supply.
DIS1kI8U1ICN SS1LMS DIS1kI8U1ICN SS1LMS
LACU1S CI DIS1kI8U1ICN NL1WCkkS: LACU1S CI DIS1kI8U1ICN NL1WCkkS:
1he dlsLrlbuLlon plpes are generally lald below Lhe road
pavemenLs and as such Lhelr layouLs depend on Lhe
layouLs of roads.
pavemenLs and as such Lhelr layouLs depend on Lhe
layouLs of roads.
1he followlng neLworks can be used elLher slngly or ln 1he followlng neLworks can be used elLher slngly or ln
comblnaLlon for a parLlcular place:
o uead end sysLem o uead end sysLem
o Crld lron sysLem
o 8lng sysLem
o 8adlal sysLem
uLAu Lnu S?S1LM
From one main pipe
originates a number of sub
main pipes which divide main pipes which divide
into branch pipes called
laterals.
From these are given the
service connections to
consumers.
Used for old towns
developed in a haphazard
manner and for localities manner and for localities
which expand irregularly.
A number of dead ends are A number of dead ends are
formed in this system.
GRID IRON SYSTEM
In this the mains, sub
mains and branches
are connected to each are connected to each
other.
These are used in well These are used in well
planned cities where
the pipe network can
follow the grid iron follow the grid iron
road network.
For e.g. in
Chandigarh grid iron
For e.g. in
Chandigarh grid iron
system is used.
8lnC S?S1LM
In this a closed ring either
circular or rectangular of circular or rectangular of
the main pipes is formed
around the area to be
served. served.
The area is divided into
circular or radial blocks. circular or radial blocks.
From the mains arise the
sub mains pipes.
Can be used in cities
having well planned roads.
8AulAL S?S1LM 8AulAL S?S1LM
Used in cities having a
system of radial roads
emerging from different emerging from different
centers.
The distribution reservoirs
are placed at these centers. are placed at these centers.
The water is pumped into
these reservoirs from
mains. mains.
The water is then supplied
through radially laid
distribution pipes. distribution pipes.
It ensures high pressure
and efficient water
distribution.
and efficient water
distribution.
WA1Lk SUL SS1LMS
DIRECT SUPPLY:
Water is supplied to all parts of the Water is supplied to all parts of the
building directly from the city
mains through a connection and a
meter. meter.
The system is successful only when
the water supply is available in
adequate quantity and pressure adequate quantity and pressure
round the clock.
The no of floors to which water can
be supplied by this method is be supplied by this method is
limited by the pressure of the water.
ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES
The system eliminates the need for storage tanks which are sources of
contamination.
Its economical because it does not require individual storage tanks, pumping Its economical because it does not require individual storage tanks, pumping
etc.
OVERHEAD TANK SUPPLY SYSTEM :
Used in cities where the pressure
is sufficient for water to reach up
to 4 to 5 floors or higher but only
is sufficient for water to reach up
to 4 to 5 floors or higher but only
for limited hours.
To meet the water requirement
during non supply hours, water is
stored in overhead tanks placed
on the terrace which are filled by on the terrace which are filled by
a direct connection from the
mains.
Supply to kitchen is taken from
the direct main while supply to
taps for bathing and for flushing taps for bathing and for flushing
is taken from the overhead tank
PUMPED SYSTEMS
Water can be distributed by an
automatic pumping system
(hydro pneumatic system)
directly to the supply point, directly to the supply point,
similar to direct supply.
The pressure in the system is
boosted by pumping sets that boosted by pumping sets that
pump water from an
underground/ground level tank.
ADVANTAGE
The main advantage of such a
system is that it eliminates the
need for overhead tanks and ideal need for overhead tanks and ideal
for existing buildings or in
buildings where new overhead
tanks can not be constructed, or
for low buildings when tanks for low buildings when tanks
placed on roofs cannot generate
enough pressure
UNDERGROUND/OVERHEAD TANK SYSTEM
City supply having low pressure City supply having low pressure
all the time require storage of
water at ground level
Water for building is collected in Water for building is collected in
tanks which fill up despite low
pressure in the mains.
It is then pumped to overhead It is then pumped to overhead
tanks
Direct supply for drinking
purposes is provided up to a
Direct supply for drinking
purposes is provided up to a
floor height permitted by
available pressure.
Tall buildings have to depend Tall buildings have to depend
only on pumped supply from
underground tank /overhead tank
system and have to use same system and have to use same
water for drinking.
HYDRAULIC ZONES FOR TALL HYDRAULIC ZONES FOR TALL
BUILDINGS
This method is This method is
similar to overhead
/ underground tank
system but here the system but here the
building is divided
into zones.
An overhead tank is
placed for each
zone which supplies zone which supplies
water to all the
floors of that zone.
OTHER SYSTEMS
Many new pumping
systems have been systems have been
developed for special
application and application and
usages.
Modern system
include:
Variable speed pumping
system system
high pressure system
DIVISION OF OH TANK
The OH tank is usually divided into two compartments for The OH tank is usually divided into two compartments for
Flushing 2/3 capacity
Domestic 1/3 capacity Domestic 1/3 capacity
DETERMINATION OF STORAGE TANKS CAPACITY
A person requires 135 to 225 liters of water per day depending
on his standard of living.
POWER FAILURE PRONE ZONES
Capacity of UG tank Total liters required/day x 2
Capacity of OH tank Total liters required/day x1
POWER FAILURE FREE ZONE POWER FAILURE FREE ZONE
Capacity of UG tank Total liters required/day x 1
Capacity of OH tank Total liters required/day x 1 Capacity of OH tank Total liters required/day x 1
IL SI2LS AND II11ING
From the ring of
domestic pipe, the
pipes are taken down pipes are taken down
for kitchen and bath
(separately or (separately or
combined) and
separate pipes from
ring for each separate ring for each separate
floor. From the ring
of flushing, pipes are of flushing, pipes are
taken down for WC
and separate pipe
from ring for each from ring for each
separate floor.
SCHEME OF PIPE CONNECTIONS SCHEME OF PIPE CONNECTIONS
DOMESTIC PIPE is
connected to the pit valve connected to the pit valve
at a height of about 1 m
to the last connection of
washing fixtures. washing fixtures.
If fixtures are on both
walls, then another pipe
is taken from pit valve at is taken from pit valve at
a height of 1 m to the
other wall.
Concealed pipes should Concealed pipes should
be coated with tar over
the covering of plastic to
prevent external prevent external
corrosion.