1.

Describe and compare the Factory and Machinery Act 1967 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. Act Function Factory and Machinery Act 1967 Control of factories operations with respect to safety, health and welfare Registration and inspection of machinery Limited to manufacturing industry, mining, quarrying and construction Do not contain detail provisions on health Too dependent to government Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 To promote and encourage OSH awareness among workers and to create organization with effective safety and health measures Cover all economic activities and government (except armed forces and seafarers) Have practices and guideline Self regulation Worker cooperation and participation Covers 24% of manpower Covers 90% of manpower

Comparison

References: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and Regulations, MDC Publisher Sdn Bhd, Malaysia Factory and Machinery Act (FMA) with Regulations, MDC Publisher Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

2. List all the regulations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and their effective dates. 1. Employers Safety and Health General Policy Statement (Exception) Regulation 1995 2. Control of Industry Major Hazards (CIMAH) Regulations 1996 3. Safety and Health Committee Regulations 1996 4. Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals (CPL) Regulations 1997 5. Safety and Health Officer Regulations 1997 6. Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health (USECHH) Regulations 2000 7. Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease (NADOOPOD) Regulation 2004

3. State the objectives of any two of the above regulations. (a) Safety and Health Committee Regulations 1996 - Assist in the development of safety & health rules and safe systems of work; - Review the effectiveness of safety & health programme (b) - to - to - to Safety and Health Officer Regulations 1997 advise employer on the safety and health measures inspect and determine the safety of work place investigate any accident which has happened in the work place

4. Describe the duties of manufacturers of chemicals to ensure safe use of their chemicals. (a) To determine which hazardous materials intended for use in the workplace are controlled products.

(b) To label all controlled products as a condition of sale (c) To provide material safety data sheets for controlled products as a condition of sale

5. Describe the duties of employers to ensure safe use of chemicals at their premises and explain the preventive measures that can be taken by these employers. (a) the provision and maintenance of plant, systems of work and working environments that ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of the employers workers; (b) arrangements for the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances in a manner that protects the health and safety of workers; (c) the provision of any information, instruction, training and supervision that is necessary to protect the health and safety of workers at work; and (d) the provision and maintenance of a safe means of entrance to and exit from the place of employment and all work sites and work-related areas in or on the place of employment.

6. Name the forms that employers must fill in when reporting accident, diseases and poisoning to the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Employers should fill in JKKP 6 or JKKP 7 form. 7. Describe the differences between major hazard installations and non-major

hazard installation. Major hazard installation

Any substance is produced, processed, used, handled or stored in such a form and quantity it has the potential to cause a major incident Example: explosives manufacturing, petroleum depots. Require preparation of safety report by Competent Person. Quantity of hazardous substance exceed the threshold quantity

Non-Major hazard installation

Produce, store, use any chemical hazardous below the prescribed amount that has no potential to cause a major incident. But need to do following: - identify possible major accident - show adequate step to prevent major accident, provide info and training to workers and do on-site emergency plan The authority may request additional information to demonstrate that installation is safe operation. Quantity of hazardous substance less than the threshold quantity

8. Manufacturers or owners of major hazard installations should submit three documents: industrial Activity Report, Site emergency Plan and Information to the Public. Describe in detail the contents of these three documents.

9. Describe how safety and health committee can play an important

role in ensuring safety and health at the workplace. There are many important roles of the safety and health committee (SHC), such as; a) They conduct investigation for any safety and health problems. b) SHC will monitor the trend of accidents, near- miss accidents, occupational poisoning and diseases that may occur in the work place. c) Make an inspection for at least once in every three months. d) SHC will give recommendations from time to time to the employer related to safety and health. e) SHC will Report to employer if any unsafe condition at the work place. f) To form a sub-committee to increase the performance of the safety and health committee itself. Reference: Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (section 31, page 42-43)

10. Explain how you as an employee can contribute towards ensuring safety and health at your workplace. a) Responsible of every action do we take either will affect ourself or other person. Especially when dealing with hazardous chemical and situation. b) Cooperate with employer or other person who discharge on the duty to make safe working condition.
c) Wearing or use protective equipment all the time to prevent any probability of minor accident getting worst. d) Follow all regulations or legislation given and get information about the effect of chemical used.

11. Explain the procedures for Chemical Health Risk Assessment. Step 1: Deciding the assessor Decide who has the knowledge of doing an assessment and has the ability to do the work like consulting people, examine the workplace and review existing records. Step 2: Gather information about chemicals, work & work practices To identify the all hazardous in term of chemical to health that found in the

workplace and to collect data about the work and other activities involving chemical hazardous. Step 3: Divide into work units To know where and how the chemical hazardous is being used. Step 4: Determine degree of hazards To identify the rating of the hazard, from 1 to 5 scale (1 is not hazardous and 5 is most hazardous to health) Step 5: Evaluate exposure Assess the exposure parameter such as the duration of exposure, who is exposed, frequency of exposure and the circumstances of exposure Step 6: Assess adequacy of control measures Control measures are the steps taken to prevent and minimize risk. Such as elimination of hazardous chemical, maintenance of equipment used, and modifying of process parameters; use low operating pressure and temperature. Step 7: Conclude the assessment Conclusion of assessment of each work according to the rating of hazard. A risk of 3 or greater is considered to significant. Step 8: Identify actions to be taken Suggesting the further precaution and control measures. Step 9: Reporting the assessment Important for purpose of follow-up action and need to be presented to employer to inform of your findings. Step 10: Review assessment The assessment need to review from time to time depends on situations. Reference: http://www.dosh.gov.my/images/dmdocuments/glx/garispanduan27.pdf

12. Describe one equivalent legislation or regulation that is being implemented by other country in the world to ensure safety and health at the workplace.

Work, Health and Safety (WHS) Regulation