UND May 2012

Volume I l Issue 3
www.urbannewsdigest.in
` 50 / us $5
May 2012
Policy 02 n Green Pages 12 n Water 22 n Energy 23 n Finance 24 n Transport 25 n Real Estate 26 n Housing 27 n Safety 28 n E-Gov 29 n Events 28
JNNURM : Report Card and Road Map

JNNURM was launched in 2005 with much fanfare, and with even greater expectations; it was acclaimed as the tool that would help change the urban infrastructure landscape of the country. Having run its course for seven years, it is time now to assess how far JNNURM has achieved its objectives. As the policy makers give final touches to the Phase II of the Mission, which is expected to roll out this year, there is a lot of anticipation about the new vision, and the enlarged scope. Dr Sudhir Krishna, Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, in an exclusive chat with UND, looks back at the report card of JNNURM Phase I, and gives a brief preview of Phase II of the programme.
Q. How successful has the JNNURM been in achieving its objectives?
We can call it a success, though the glass was not full, i.e. some of the cities did not reach the expected levels. It must be noted that JNNURM was the first major intervention by the government in urban development. Its uniqueness lay in linking federal grants to reforms in governance. Reduction in the rates of stamp duties, adoption of modern ac c o u nt i n g p r i n c ip l e s by municipalities, delegation of powers and functions of the municipalities by the States in line with Constitutional intent, reforms in rent control and land ceiling laws, mandating that municipalities improve their resource base by achieving higher levels of realisation from property taxes and user charges and preparation of City Development Plans are some of the core reforms successfully achieved by over half the cities covered under the programme. on this score, mainly due to a major lack of capacity within the local bodies to handle enhanced responsibilities. This was however abetted by the general reluctance of many States in transferring powers to the lower tiers of government, namely, the municipalities. JNNURM aimed at addressing the two parts of the problem together - by incorporating the issue of delegation of powers from the States to the municipalities and enhancing the capacities of the local bodies, as part of the programme package. It provided financial assistance to the States and the local bodies to undertake documentation of good practices, exchange of ideas among the peer group, strengthening the training institutions and providing training to the elected representatives and functionaries. At the same time, the JNNURM made it mandatory for States to commit to empower the municipal bodies adequately, in line with the 74th Amendment and also to committobringaboutfundamental reforms, which lay in the domain of the State Governments and on which the municipal bodies had no control, such as introducing an arrangement of clear and enforceable titles for properties.
contd. on page 06...
Focus City: Mumbai
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Green Pages: Reliance gets ADBs support +12
responsibilities to make them effective institutions of local governance. States have often hesitated from proceeding fast
Q. Were the reforms consistent with implementing the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act 1992, in strengthening urban local bodies as a strong third tier of governance?
The 74th Amendment calls upon States to endow the municipalities with adequate powers and
Being the first reformslinked project, the mismatch between the achievement of reforms and progress of implementation of the projects created some complications. On the other hand, governance reforms could not possibly have been achieved to the extent they did, but for JNNURM.
Special Feature: Waste Management
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policy
Letter from the desk of Dr Sudhir Krishna,
Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development, govt of India
Urbanisation holds the key for speedy development of the country. While a lot of individuals and institutions are available to participate in driving the pace of urbanisation, there is need for forums to enable exchange of information and ideas among the stakeholders. Urban News Digest (UND) seems to be facilitating this need very well. I am happy to receive a copy of the UND, April 2012 issue and had received the March 2012 issue earlier. The quality and spread of contents are appreciable. I am also happy to learn that UND is reaching large number of municipalities at their doorsteps. It would enhance the popularity of the UND if a few pages are dedicated to regional languages. Even in the present form, the UND itself is a valuable messenger of news and views on urban affairs, for which i compliment you and the editorial and managerial team. With regards, Yours sincerely, Sudhir Krishna Dated: April 18, 2012
India, Germany to foster sustainable strategies

will promote discussion and envisage strategies on integrated policies and principles for urban development and revitalisation in the two countries; and fostering fair, equitable and sustainable urban communities in the two countries, along with reinforcing the ideals of a democratic society with equal opportunity for all. The bilateral work under this declaration is to be jointly led by the Ministry of Urban Development of India and Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development of the Federal Republic of Germany.
India and Germany have signed a joint declaration in the field of urban sustainable development. Stressing upon the challenges and opportunities in the urban sector, Minister of Urban Development, Kamal Nath,
said that with an allocation of around $40 billion over the 12th Five Year Plan period, the government is itching to kick start the next phase of the Urban Renewal Mission. Th e Jo i nt D e cl a r at i o n
TN tackles open defecation
Urban development on fast track in Punjab

Punjab government will soon be setting up a State Urban Development Mission (SUDM) to direct policy and programme formulation for overall development of all the cities. Under SUDM, Punjab will be spending R 8,635 crore over the next three years to provide basic amenities like water, road, sewage, housing etc to urban poor. Punjab Chief Minister, Prakash Singh Badal, said that over R 1,470 crore has already been spent on development projects in 81 cities. We are hopeful of coming up with a development scheme for the remaining 60 cities as well, Badal added. Additionally, Badal has communicated that all municipalities are to be given powers to carry out work as per given statutes.
After the House Listing and Housing Census 2011 revealed that open defecation is still prevalent in about 50 percent of households, Tamil Nadu is planning to make the state defecation free by 2015, a scheme to construct 1,769 common toilets and improve 2,484 common toilets at a cost of about R 19.83 crore was implemented. For the current year, R 50 crore has been set apart . While releasing the State governments Vision 2023 document, Chief Minister Jayalalithaa referred to her vision of providing piped and pressurised water to all citizens, and ensuring that they had access to safe sanitation.
Tax on vacant land?

the government is considering a vacant land tax. The proposal has been suggested keeping in mind the fact that many developers buy land and leave it alone, expecting prices to escalate. The Planning Commission steering group has proposed that the new tax should be based on readyreckoner capital value, and could be charged at 0.5 percent of the total value. Vacant government land has also been included in this proposal. While states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are already collecting such taxes, other states like Punjab and Bihar are pondering over the matter.
Proprietors may soon have to pay tax on their vacant lands. To check large-scale hoarding of land, and also to generate resources,
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3 policy
May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST
Industry experts believe that infrastructure development is not the only key to achieve sustainable growth, and that the 12th Five Year Plan should also focus on the need for effective project management.
Bengals tug of war over LIG segment
VOICES
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Implementation of infrastructure projects on time with cost and quality being optimal is one of the biggest challenges. We are a maturing economy. Hence, it is important to plan, share ideas and see how project management can improve quality of infrastructure.
ANSHUMAN MAGAZINE, CBRE SOUTH ASIA CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR, speaking at an event organised by CII
Efficient project management can provide the necessary skill set and knowledge to augment the urban living infrastructure on a sustainable mode.
SHABBIR KANCHWALA K RAHEJA CORP VICE PRESIDENT (PROJECT COORDINATOR)
West Bengal government has decided to bring in an amendment to the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act (ULCA) 1976, next week, wherein all developers will have to reserve 30 percent of apartments in big housing
projects for the Lower Income Group (LIG). According to the Act, the ceiling limit on vacant land in a category A city like Kolkata is about 500 sq mtrs. The move is seen as the dampener for the already sluggish real estate
market. Confederation of Real Estate Developers Association of India is now set to hold a meeting with the government, to insist that no more than 15 percent of the reservation is possible for the LIG segment.
Policy safeguard for Assam vendors

The National Association of Street VendorsofIndia(NASVI)inAssam has urged the state government to frame rules to implement a national policy for the vendors. Even after eight years of the genesis of the National Policy for Urban Street Vendors, the state government has still not drafted the rules. The national policy mandated constitution of town-vending committees at the city level with 40 percent representation of street vendors, which is still a long way off for Assam. Guwahati itself has about 45,000 street vendors.
JNNURM - II takes off in Coimbatore
MUST KNOW
To set up an IT park near the Lucknow airport, the Lucknow Industrial Development Authority has received over 351 proposals. The process of allotment would soon be completed and ground work may start from May. Goa government has reconstituted the general body of the Goa State Urban Development Agency. The State Urban Development Minister, Francis DSouza, has been named Chairman. Under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme, Sriperumbudur town panchayat in Tamil Nadu will be developed into a satellite town. Three projects, covering the core sectors of water supply, underground sewerage and solid waste management, would be taken up at a cost of R 101.37 crore. Tamil Nadu government has shown interest in implementing the National Common Mobility Card omnibus cashless travel card. The card just needs to be swiped to be used across different modes of transport.
Coimbatore is ready for the second phase of the Jawaharlal Ne h r u Nat i o n a l Ur b a n Renewal Mission (JNNURM). In t h i s p h a s e, t h e c it y corporation aims to restore eight water bodies, provide round-the-clock pressurised water supply and renovate the Sanganoor canal. Reports of the three projects have already been sent to Tamil
Nadu Urban Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (TUFIDCO) for an initial review. According to estimates, the restoration of eight lakes would cost R 134 crore; 24-hour pressurised water supply scheme, R 595 crore; and the Sanganoor canal project, R 32 crore.
interview
...contd. from page 1
Q. How does JNNURM I stack up with regard to quantitative performance, i.e. utilisation and disbursement of the projected outlay, and the major impact areas?
Like any other programme, JNNURM too, expected the implementing entities, namely, the parastatals and/ or the municipalities, to adhere to the
While it would be premature to announce the contours of JNNURM-II at this stage, it can definitely be stated that the capacity building of the municipal bodies, by way of staff, equipment, processes and training would need higher attention. Further, cities would need handholding to prepare integrated city development and land use plans.
Q. Many municipal corporations and ULBs are falling behind their targets of JNNURM I. Will you give them time to finish work before allocating new funds? We have given the municipal bodies and States two additional years, ending 31 March 2014, for them to complete the ongoing projects. As for the unachieved reforms, we have retained 10 percent of the project cost, while releasing the Central Governments share, with an assurance to release the same, as soon as the State/ Municipality concerned confirms the achievement. Q. Now that Phase I is over, what are the new thrust areas planned? We are working on JNNURM-II. Meanwhile, capitalising on the achievement and awareness generated in respect to governance reforms and the need to achieve the benchmarked service levels, owing largely to JNNURM-I, we are proposing to work out comprehensive city plans with focus on transit-oriented development, completing the balance reforms. We are also working on mobilising nonbudgetary finances for funding urban infrastructure. That would include municipal bonds, loans from banks and other financial institutions, rationalisation of user charges and land related charges such as FAR rates, development charges etc. Enhancement of coverage and collection of property taxes will also get due attention. Q. We understand that the ambit of the Mission is being expanded. Which are the additional thrust areas that are going to be covered? While it would be premature to announce the contours of JNNURM-II at this stage, it can definitely be stated that the capacity building of the municipal bodies, by way of staff, equipment, processes and training would need higher attention. Further, cities would need handholding to prepare integrated city development and land use plans. And these would need to be extended to all the cities, not limited to those receiving project grants. Cities would also be assisted to raise market borrowings and rationalising their own revenue bases.
Q. Will those corporations/ULBs that have done well in the first phase, be rewarded in phase II? We already have a system of recognising the cities that show exemplary achievements in provision of civic services. However, that recognition is in the form of a public felicitation. As of now, we expect the achievers to have grown into a mature phase to proceed further, while focusing on
for sanitation, water supply, solid waste management and will now link them into the JNNURM. We are also working on a National Sustainable Habitat Mission, which would provide handholding supporttothemunicipalitiestohelp them achieve the benchmarked levels of services. A lot of climate related issues are linked to urban transport management. We intend to support the cities
of the infrastructure projects. For that, the government side, which would include the contractee municipality and/ or the State government, would need to play
We have been strongly advocating dedicated staff cadres with the municipalities. States have, by and large, appreciated our proposition and many are in the process of setting them up.
a constructive role; otherwise the private partner would not be able to survive. It would also need proper agreement documents and clear-cut arrangements for periodic payments to the private partner. We have prepared model concession agreement documents which are expected to be adopted by the States. Q. We understand that the centre is strongly advocating the creation of a dedicated municipal cadre in the States as an eligibility criterion for funding programmes. Is this going to be a part of the mandatory reforms, and how do you envisage its implementation by the Mission? We have been strongly advocating dedicated staff cadres with the municipalities. States have, by and large, appreciated our proposition and many are in the process of setting them up. But the issue is also linked with the capacity of the municipalities to meet expenses. So, a careful balance is required when designing staff cadres. The Ministry is working out a standard model, which would be different for municipalities of different sizes. In reality, the structure would vary from State to State, as it would depend on the extent of functions and powers devolved on local bodies. Furthermore, the cost of municipal staff needs to be assessed by the State Finance Commission (SFC), which is expected to make a normative assessment of the shape and size of the cadre, the capacity of the municipality to meet costs and recommend to the State Government the quantum of devolution from the State Budget to the municipalities . The ministry would work with SFCs too, for this purpose.
timelines and cost estimates approved while sanctioning the project. To enforce discipline, while recognising that the project leadership role lay largely with the State Governments, the programme also ordained that any cost escalation vis-vis the approved DPR would have to be funded entirely by the State Government and/ or the municipality concerned. Phase-I of JNNURM has shown mixed results. As against the Central Governments commitment of releasing Rs 41,737.19 crore during the Mission period (2005-2012) in respect of 1,346 projects sanctioned for 729 cities, the actual releases were only Rs 26,619.61 crore, while only 269 projects were finally completed. We can interpret these details in more than one way. Being the first reforms-linked project, the mismatch between the achievement of reforms and progress of implementation of the projects created some complications. On the other hand, governance reforms could not possibly have been achieved to the extent they did, but for JNNURM.
the weaker cities. Having said that, let me also clarify that achievers get their installments of grants released in time , while the laggards lose out on the same as the budget gets exhausted at some point in each financial year. That is a kind of reward and punishment scheme.
We need to remember that the strength of private investment lies only in more efficient implementation and management of the infrastructure projects. For that, the government side, which would include the contractee municipality and/ or the State government, would need to play a constructive role; otherwise the private partner would not be able to survive.
Q. How are climate change issues in the urban built environment being addressed in the next phase? We have developed benchmarks
in improving their city transport services as well as the city roads and drainage systems. P r o g r a m m e s f o r c r e at i n g awareness among the citizens would also be pursued, to bring about sustainability of the programme implementation. Q. What are the expected outlays in the urban development sector in the 12th Plan, and in Phase II? The outlay for the JNNURM for the 12th Plan period (2012-2017) is yet to be finalised. We are seeking the level of 0.25 percent of the GDP as the yardstick for the financial support for the Mission. While we expect a significant jump in the budgetary outlays, the balance would be secured from nonbudgetary sources. Q. What role will PPP/private investment play on the resource mobilisation front in the next phase of JNNURM II? Private investment, mainly through the PPP route, holds the key to speedy and sustainable achievement of the objectives of urban infrastructure reforms. But we need to remember that the strength of private investment lies only in more efficient implementation and management
focus city
As Mumbai grows, so do challenges
Worlds fourth most populous city. Worlds 29th largest city. Ranked in top cities in the world recording fastest business growth. Thats Mumbai for you. Pitted against this is the lack of proper implementation of projects, funding gaps and failure to meet requirements for sustainable development. UND gives an overview on the challenges impeding constructive and progressive development, and the various corrective measures being taken to transform Mumbai into a loveable and livable city
The estimated VOICES investment of US$ 50 billion ( R 2,70,000 crore) is based on a transportation study conducted by MMRDA. The total cost of the projects comprising Metrorail and monorail, currently undertaken by MMRDA is over R 26,000 crore
- Prithviraj Chavan, CHIEF MINISTER, MAHARASHTRA
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he infrastructural challenges facing Indias most populated city are overpowering, but despite sitting on massive money resources, Mumbai is unable to generate funds, even for basic infrastructure and services required for inclusive growth. Moreover, the authorities have failed to deliver on significant projects such as JNNURM. While some conspicuous infrastructure initiatives have been taken, including the World Bank supported US $2 billion Mumbai Urban Transport Project , these alone cannot salvage the situation. According to a report by real estate consultancy firm, Jones Lang
Lasalle, additional investments of about R 275 billion need to be pumped into the citys infrastructure over the next five years to ensure completion of the running and scheduled projects. In fact, the Maharashtra government has already decided to invest R 2,70,000 crore into Mumbai over the next two decades. During 2012-13, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has planned concretised roads, 24-hour clean water supply, zero water logging, solid waste handling and computerised services for citizens, among other things. The Maharashtra government also has sought R 4000 crore as a viability gap funding
Mumbai Demographics
Description Population Male Female Population Growth Area Sq. Km Density/km2 Proportion to Maharashtra Population 2011 3,145,966 1,711,650 1,434,316 -5.75% 157 20,038 2.80% 2001 3,338,031 1,878,246 1,459,785 5.14% 157 21,261 3.45%
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Past Projects
Prime Infra Projects in Mumbai since 2005 Monorail 36 Skywalks MUTP Phase II MUIP Extended MUIP for Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, which is now being built by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA). The total cost of the project is around R 20,000 crore. An overview of the various issues impeding constructive and progressive development, and the various corrective measures being taken investment (in R crore) 2,716 735 5,300 2,648 1,550
The Mumbai Urban Transport Project
Making a difference
Watering down the issues

While Mumbais daily water requirement adds up to 4,200 million litres, BMC supplies
- Sitaram Kunte, Municipal Commissioner, BMC
There are a of VOICES number shortcomings in Mumbai as in any urban centre. Providing housing to the citys growing population is a major challenge
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located near the catchment areas, yet the water situation is precarious in many parts of western Maharashtra; the levels have plunged in many dams. According to state government sources, the water level in the 2,400-odd dams is down to 27 percent, as against 42 percent last year. This is the lowest level in about five years. Moreover, Mumbais water stock in the six lakes is down by more than 86,000 million litres this April, as compared to the same period last year. According to the BMCs hydraulic department, the total stock of water in the six lakes is down to 407,000 million litres, as against more than 493,000 million litres last year. If this doesnt serve as a wake-up call for authorities and citizens alike, then surely Mumbai is heading towards a severe water crisis sooner than anticipated. The government has proposed that permissions for new buildings will not be granted unless they have rainwater harvesting facilities. The water level in the states rivers and lakes has gone down. People should use water sensibly. We will move a proposal to ensure that not a single building proposal gets clearance from civic officials if it does not provide rainwater harvesting facilities, said Laxman Dhoble, Minister Water Supply. Though authorities are keen to address the water demand-supply gap, however it is becoming a case of too little, too late.
Trash therapy
Sadly, though the city has the capacity to treat all the sewage generated in Mumbai daily (1,700 million litres), almost 800 million litres a day is discharged into the sea, without any treatment, simply because the outlets bypass the treatment plants. However, there are plans to rectify this. The second phase of the R 5,200 crore Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project (MSDP) should be up and running within a year. Says Rajiv Jalota, Additional Municipal Commissioner, BMC, This was a long overdue project and we are determined to fast track it. Despite the stringent conditions to qualify, it is encouraging to see 13 firms
The challenges Almost 90 percent of Mumbais commuters use public transport. A severe lack of investment in transport infrastructure over the years has stretched the citys suburban rail and bus network to crisis levels. Though most streets remain old, broken and narrow, they are becoming terribly congested with the rapidly rising number of cars. While the citys major transport arteries lie along the narrow north-south peninsula, east-west road connectivity in the transport system is quite poor. Clogged routes, long travel times, and increased transport safety risks are hindering the citys escalating economic growth. With a population already stretching well over 20 million for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and growing, the challenge of coping up with the current demands and planning for the future needs remains formidable. The saviour The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) hopes to improve rail and road transportation in the traffic-choked mega-city. Transport development in a metropolitan is a complex, continuous, and long term process and given the strength of Mumbais population, it is doubly so. MUTP was therefore designed as a first step to urgently improve physical infrastructure in rail and road transportation and strengthen institutional capacity. It also supports the equitable resettlement and relocation of all those affected by these infrastructure works. Most of the money is to be spent on railway projects while less than a fourth of the money is to be spent on road projects, the costliest of which are estimated to be the Santa Cruz - Chembur link road and the Jogeshwari - Vikhroli link road. The first stage, which began in 2007 and ended last year, cost around s 4,500 crore. Phase II is expected to be completed by 2014 and costs an
estimated R 5,300 crore. MUTPs third phase was formalised on 8th December 2011 and will cost R 52,000 crore. Achievements So Far Rail: The project has already enabled important improvements in the rail system, resulting in major benefits for the city. It has reduced the travelling time for hundreds of thousands of rail passengers by more than five minutes on an average. This was achieved mainly due to the increase in the number of trains during peak hours by about seven percent. Further crucial improvements will result from the completion of the infrastructure capacity improvements that are starting and the delivery of 101 trains that are being purchased with funds from the project. Roads: Over 400 new buses out of the 644 envisaged have already been pressed into service by BEST, the citys transport authority. More than two thirds of Phase I of the Jogeshwari Vikhroli Link Road is complete; work is in progress on Phase II of the road, as well as on Phases I and II of the Santacruz-Chembur Link Road and six pedestrian underpasses. This will result in significant reduction of travel time on these East-West road links and improve traffic safety for pedestrians. Further developments The State has laid special emphasis on two projects of Phase III: the first, a fast corridor from Chhattrapati Shivaji Terminal to Panvel, is expected to bring connectivity to the proposed international airport. The second is a new suburban corridor between Virar and Panvel passing through Vasai and Diva Road. Phase III also hopes to increase connectivity to hinterland-like areas around Bhiwandi, and increases capacity on the Harbour Line.
only 3,400 million litres daily. Although six huge lakes that supply water to Mumbai are
Upcoming Projects
To be added MTHL Worli Haji Ali Sea Link Mumbai Metro - Charkop-Bandra-Mankhurd Mumbai Metro - Colaba-Bandra Corridor Total Investment (in r crores) 8,800 1,120 8,250 9,400 27,570
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showing interest in the project.
Supervising solid waste

Mumbai generates around 6,500 tonnes per day (TPD) of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and 2,400 TPD of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Characterised by high population densities, vast quantities of waste, large slum areas and its proximity to the sea coast with high humidity levels, and tidal inundation, Mumbai poses a unique challenge to the management of MSW. The Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) Project, which includes a comprehensive waste disposal plan, has been developed by IL&FS on a Private Public Partnership framework. The plan was worked out as a set of independent but well synchronised projects, for each of the disposal sites at Gorai, Kanjur, Deonar and Mulund.
Slum renovation
Today slum dwellers make up 60 percent of Mumbais population, which is approximately 7 million. Given the terrible conditions in the slums, inhabitants of those areas constantly have to deal with issues like constant migration, lack of water, no sewage or solid waste facilities, lack of public transit, pollution and of course, a major housing shortage. Maharashtra government has planned for the Dharavi re-development project - spread across 535 hectares. The mega project would include development of roads, toilets, gardens and playgrounds.
Coming up in June Issue Focus on Delhi

Plying only air-conditioned buses VOICES would mean high ticket fares which is why we have decided to first start regular bus services and then depending on the traffic, purchase buses based on recommendations by the BEST
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Integrated Development of Dharavi
Public health
General Hospitals in the Greater Mumbai region are overcrowded and under resourced. In fact, most people rely on private doctors, many of whom do not have any qualifications or official training. The World Bank has funded the development of 176 Primary Care Dispensaries, but is finding that the efforts are underused.
- Rahul Asthana METROPOLITAN Commissioner
Way forward
Lack of proper implementation of the projects has hindered growth of the city. After Mumbai authorities failed to complete projects assigned under Phase I of JNNURM by the required date, i.e. March 2012, the deadline had to be extended to 2013-14. The only sanctioned project that was completed was the Thane Railway System Area Traffic Improvement Scheme. Rising demands for sound urban infrastructure is only going to grow, as Mumbai continues to grow. Reforms and development must go hand-in-hand with rapid urbanization, if Mumbai is to meet
its destiny of becoming the one of the worlds most progressive cities in all respects. Addressing core issues with proper implementation
is the key mantra that will ensure better future of one of the worlds top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global financial flows.
Dharavi - which houses nearly 1.20 million dwellers in more than 100,000 dwellings, would be re-developed as clusters of 300 square feet carpet area each. A 10-year corpus fund will be created for developing Sector 5 in Dharavi, which is mainly owned by the government. Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA) will be the nodal agency to re-develop it systematically, within seven years. Maharashtra government has given the go-ahead for the Dharavi re-development project - spread across 535 hectares. The mega project would also include development
of roads, toilets, gardens and playgrounds. The original re-development of Dharavi, approved in 2004, aimed at benefitting around 60,000 families living there. But now, along with the families, all existing small businesses shall also be protected. Dharavi is located strategically, flanked by the posh Bandra-Kurla Complex, which houses top business centres and the US consulate and British Deputy High Commission on the north, and newly-developed prime areas of Wadala to the east, and mega-commercial and residential areas in south and west.
green pages
Reliance gets ADBs support for 100MW CSP plant
ADB is supporting Reliance with US$ 103 million for a 100MW Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) project. Reliance is building the facility in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan, 180 km west of the city of Jodhpur. The CSP plant is due for completion in May 2013 at a total project cost of $415 million. The ADB has indicated that other multilateral agencies and local commercial lenders are also funding the project. Michael Barrow, Director in ADBs private sector operations department, says, We hope that the success of this project will spur others to invest in the solar energy sector, which has massive potential in India. The project
Chennai prepares Indias first Solar Atlas

will share a transmission line with the adjacent Dahanu 40MW PV plant, that was also part-financed by ADB. Reliance group is one of the companies that have been awarded the right to develop up to 470MW of CSP in the first phase of the countrys National Solar Mission (NSM). French technology group Areva has informed that Reliance had hired them to provide equipment and construction services for a 250MW CSP plant, which is also in Rajasthan. Chennai is readying to give India its first Solar Atlas, which will have countrywide details on radiation. A team in Chennai, set up by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, is updating the data regarding radiation of solar energy in 50 existing automatic solar radiation monitoring centers, starting from Ladakh to Chitradurga (Karnataka). Sixty more data centres will be set up shortly. The Ministry is finalising the proposal to sell the data to corporates interested in setting up renewable energy plants, such as solar farms, in India.
India, UK join hands for climate change

UK FCOs Prosperity Fund Programme is funding a firstof-its-kind project in India titled Fiscal Instruments for Climate Friendly Industrial Development in West Bengal and Odisha. The British Deputy High Commission-Kolkata and CII along with West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation (WBIDC) are working with technical partners CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Eunomia Research and Consulting, UK and Jadavpur University on this project. The project objective is to help West Bengal and other states adopt appropriate fiscal instruments by 2013 to mobilise low carbon investment and facilitate low carbon industrial development.
EU tax a sham, claims Natarajan

Minister for Environment and Forests, Jayanthi Natarajan, has branded the European Unions emission tax on airlines, a unilateral decision and alleged that it had been imposed in a disguised manner in the name of climate change. As on January 1st, all airlines using airports in the trade bloc were obliged to enter the EUs carbon trading programme under which they would have to pay for their carbon emissions, according to the European Commissions environment arm. Natarajan has written a letter to the EU Commissioner for Climate Change demanding a reversal of the carbon tax. She further added that in the backdrop of global efforts to tackle climate change challenges, the tax on international airlines was a deal breaker.
State of the Planet declaration, a mess

Scientists issued the first State of the Planet declaration at a gathering of experts on global environmental and social issues at the Planet Under Pressure Conference, held before the major UN Summit, Rio+20, scheduled for June. This is a declaration to our globally interconnected society, said Director of Science Policy, Natural Sciences, UNESCO, and Conference Co-Chair, Dr Lidia Brito. Time is in shortest supply. We need to change course in some fundamental way this decade, she added. Around 3,000 experts in climate change, environmental geo-engineering, international governance, global trade, development, poverty alleviation, food security and more, discussed the connections between the different systems and cycles governing our ocean, air, land and the human and animal life dependent on these environments. The concluding sentiment of the declaration was that the societies around the world must not waste any time in taking urgent and largescale action.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE RIO+20 SUMMIT

n Going beyond GDP by taking into
account the value of natural capital when measuring progress n A new framework for developing a set of goals for global sustainability for all nations n Creating a UN Sustainable Development Council to integrate social, economic and environmental policy at the global level n Launching a new international research programme, Future Earth, which will focus on finding solutions n Initiating regular global sustainability analyses
11 GREEN PAGES
Mercury rises- waste and highrise buildings to be blamed

Lack of proper solid waste management and high-rise buildings are contributing to the increase in local temperature and pollution levels in Bengaluru, observed Dr T V Ramachandra, Professor, IISc. Speaking at the conference on Low Carbon Citie, he observed that the citys tropical climates interface with glass facades of high-rise buildings is causinganincreaseingreenhouse gas emissions, which in turn lead to an increase in temperature. He also said that the existing solid waste treatment system in the city is not very effective, which is another contributor to green house gases. Open dump sites in Bengaluru emit carbon and other harmful gases. The need of the hour is to segregate waste at household level, and government must levy heavy penalties on those who dump waste at open sites and lake beds.
IN BRIEF
Public Procurement Bill 2011: The Planning Commission has drafted a Public Procurement Bill 2011, which could significantly reduce,or eliminate leakages in the present procurement process; a welcome step in ensuring accountability as well as probity in public procurement, it takes a leaf out of similar enactments by 50 other countries. The enabling framework makes it possible to introduce concepts of green procurement, energy efficiency preferences, etc. The Bill provides a legal mandate for the government to implement life cycle cost assessment in R 3 lac crore worth energy-related procurements. LED lighting market is heading to be a half a billion dollar market by 2015. Philips has launched LED bulbs in the US which are said to have a 20 year life span. It consumes only 10W and is expected to save $8 a year. Veolia Water signed a contract with New York City, which would enable the NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to achieve annual savings between $100 and $200 million. Gamesa announced the launch of a wind turbine - the G114-2.0 MW Class IIIA, which is designed to achieve maximum returns from low-wind sites. It will begin manufacturing prototypes in 2013.
Rooftop solar policy Asias largest solar power park in Gujarat

grid. Indias first model solar city, Gandhinagar, already has solar rooftop systems ranging from one kW to 150 kW and cover a total of two acres of rooftop area, providing one percent of the total energy consumption in the capital city. Additionally, the new building of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board is completely powered by solar energy. Recently, State Government floated a 5 MW rooftop programme on the PPP model in the capital, which is now being extended to five more cities and towns. The solar project has created an additional 30,000 jobs in Gujarat.
Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi, has said that Gujarat is considering a rooftop solar power plant policy, which would enable people to produce their own electricity and earn money by selling surplus power to the
AMC on a cost cutting, energy saving drive

Fo r r e du c i n g e l e c t r i c it y consumption, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) plans to switch to alternate power and energy-efficient technology. The civic body will install four solar plants of 100 kW each at four places in the city. It has also planned to save around half of the present electricity bill incurred on street lights, by replacing sodium lights with low watt LED lights. Because of this initiative, the AMC will cut down a few crores from its annual electricity bill of around R 125 crore. The city has 45,000 streetlight poles in 750 sections. AMC has started using street lights in alternate manner from midnight to 0500
Touted as Asias first and largest, the 600 MW Gujarat Solar Park (GSP) accounts for 214 MW of photovoltaic solar capacity, larger than Chinas 200 MW Golmud Solar Park. With a power generation capacity of 600 MW , it will generate two-thirds
of Indias total 900 MW of solar power production. According to the Gujarat government, the project will lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions to the tune of eight million tonnes and save 900,000 tonnes of natural gas annually.
In the last three months, Larsen & Toubro has commissioned a six-MW solar project for Sun Group. We were able to complete it in a short time frame because of the sound infrastructure, said Head of Sun Groups Renewable Energy, Pankaj Sehgal. The Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (CEFIPRA) launched a multidisciplinary Indo-French research project Adaptation of Irrigated Agriculture to Climate Change (AICHA). This study aims at developing an integrated model for analysing the impact of climate change on ground water-irrigated agriculture in south India. GIBSS, a company focussed on making buildings zero net energy has been awarded the Sankalp Awards 2012 for the Most Innovative Sustainable and Scalable Company in the Clean Tech and Clean Energy Sector.
KSM burning brightly

Over the next six months, 10 companies are expected to set up solar projects in Karnataka, under the Karnataka Solar Mission (KSM). Out of these, eight plan to set up solar photovoltaic projects of 60 MW , while two will set up 10 MW solar thermal projects. Most projects will come up in North Karnataka, Managing Director of Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd (KREDL), N S Prasanna Kumar, informed Business Line. He also said that KREDL will help in giving out
hours at selective places, taking into consideration the vehicular movement. AMC started this experiment in 59 sections, which helped them save R 1.17 lac on electricity bill per month. With this new system, the civic body can save more than R 1.50 crore annually.
government land on lease to companies that dont have their own land. Around 22 companies had participated in the tender for setting up 80-MW solar thermal and solar photovoltaic projects, as part of KSM that aims to set up 350 MW of solar projects by 2016.
12 GREEN PAGES
WIND POWER
FLCs towering ambitions
Fedders Lloyd Corporation Ltd (FLC) is in the initial talks with US-based Invenergy LLC, for an equity partnership of around R 2,000 crore for wind farms in India and Africa. FLC expects to finalise the deal in June 2012. It recently announced its plans to invest R 200 crore in a phased manner for expanding its wind tower making facility at Bharuch in Gujarat. As part of the first phase, FLC has invested R 100 crore at Bharuch facility to make 150 towers annually. According to Head, Wind Energy Business, FLC, N D Jain, there are only a few organised and active players in the Indian wind tower making business, thereby creating a huge scope; especially since the projected demand for wind towers in India is huge.
CROSS CURRENTS
Capacity to double by 2016

According to an industry lobby, wind-power capacity will more than double by 2016 as growing installations in newer markets such as India and Brazil counter weakness in the US, where additions are set to decline next year. In 2016, world capacity will reach 493 gigawatts and installations will jump eight percent a year, according to a Global Wind Energy Council report. However, excess world production and Chinese competition will have wind-turbine makers face shrinking margins, inspite of the growth forecast. Asia will remain the largest market for wind turbines and will be led by China. Most growth
Discontinuation of AD to hit sector

Agency. Commencing April 1st, the government has discontinued the tax benefit available in the form of accelerated depreciation (AD) for wind energy projects. This is in line with the provisions announced in December 2009 for the generation-based incentive (GBI) framework by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. While the AD benefit has ended, there is still lack of clarity over the continuation and amount of GBI benefit applicable (for capacities commissioned after March 31, 2012).
will come from India, which will have an annual market of 5 gigawatts by 2015.
Cut costs to remain competitive, says Siemens

Head of Siemens AGs wind turbines business has said that the wind industry must cut costs rapidly to stay competitive and boost its unacceptably low margins. Growth in this sector is being threatened by falling investments and rising costs, while European manufacturers also face increasing competition from Chinese rivals. The industry faces a very difficult market environment. Price pressure is growing, and governments are under pressure to reduce public spending on the subsidies we still depend on, said Chief Executive of Siemens Wind Power, Felix Ferlemann. To secure its future, the industry needs to invest massively in innovation and industrialisation, but shareholders can only endorse that if the industry operates in a stable, predictable and profitable environment.
Discontinuation of accelerated depreciation (AD) benefit will hit the wind energy sector, as addition to the capacity will be discouraged in the near term, according to the Investment and Credit Rating
13 GREEN PAGES
Kerala to join worlds biggest biodiversity event
Demand for energy savers spirals
IN BRIEF
Danfoss, a Danish-based company, intends to invest R 1,350 crore (1.5 billion Danish Kroner) in India to expand the volume and range of its products between now and 2015. This investment will be made in Danfoss plant in Chennai. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has given Infosys office at Pocharam campus in Hyderabad a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) India Platinum rating.
Kerala is now set to participate in the 11th Conference of Parties (CoP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), s ch e du l e d t o b e h e l d i n Hyderabad from October 1 to October 19. This is the biggest event till date; representations
from 193 countries are expected to take part. The mega conference will highlight the importance of biodiversity vis--vis improving livelihood. Kerala leads the rest of the states in the field of biodiversity because the stateowned Kerala State Biodiversity
Board (KSBB) was the one to form Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) in all 978 village councils in the state. Both CoP and MoP (Meeting of Parties) areheldonceintwoyearstoreview and decide on the implementation of provisions in CBD.
Noida-based manufacturers of home appliances and industrial equipment have reason to celebrate. Owing to the rising costs of power and fuel, common man and industries are switching to the eco-friendly mode, leading to a higher demand for energy efficient electrical appliances. According to Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), the awareness of energy efficiency brands in India has risen substantially from 0.5 percent in 2008 to 15 percent in 2011.
Due to the hike in excise duty and new energy efficient norms, the airconditioner (AC) industry is expected to see a 25 percent drop in sales this season. Karnataka Minister for Energy, Shobha Karandlaje urged KREDL to identify buildings that consume more energy, and talk to their owners about shifting to more efficient systems. Nearly 2000 MW is lost and it is possible to save up to 16 million units (MU) daily by encouraging energy efficient buildings, she observed.
What you refuse, we reuse!!!

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SPECIAL FEATURE ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Cities wasting away-
Can we afford to waste more time?

As a consequence of massive urbanisation in India, the gap between waste generated and properly managed is ever widening. And so is the criticality factor in the related spheres - climate change and health matters. The question, therefore is no longer - how to make the cities clean and livable? It has gained more gravity with time how to ensure a healthy, clean and safe planet?
UND presents an overview on why the gap is not being bridged, where we are going wrong and what is the way forward
e are all aware of the rate at which population is growing in the urban cities of India. Not surprisingly, an increasing number of challenges are becoming more and more apparent on the urban landscape, of which perhaps none is more conspicuous than the increase in the quantities of waste. And let us be very clear on one front the aesthetics of the city, though a matter of concern is the least of the concerns. The issue looms larger than the city itself; it is one that affects the health of its people, and that of the planet as a whole. It goes without saying that waste needs to be managed in order to avoid further deterioration in public health, air, water and land resources, and the overall quality of city life. Lack of proper solid waste management (SWM) is increasing temperature and pollution levels. Due to varied
lifestyles, consumption patterns, industrialisation and economic growth, the quality and composition of waste has also become more varied, with growing amounts of hazardous and toxic material. But, where do we begin? The only silver lining is a growing realisation about the negative impacts of waste on the local environment. The issue is now being widely discussed.
Sorting through the debris

The composition of urban MSW in India is 51 percent organics, 17.5 percent recyclables and 31 percent of inserts. The moisture content of urban MSW is 47 percent and the average calorific value is 7.3 MJ/kg. The composition of MSW in the North, East, South and Western regions of the country varied between 50-57 percent of organics,
16-19 percent of recyclables, 28-31 percent of inerts and 45-51 percent of moisture. The calorific value of the waste varied between 6.8-9.8 MJ/kg (1,620-2,340 kcal/kg). Open burning of solid wastes and landfill fires emit nearly 22,000 tons of pollutants into the air every year, in Mumbai alone. It is the largest polluter among activities that do not contribute any economic value to the city. Since it happens at the ground level, the resultant emissions enter the lower level breathing zone of the atmosphere, and are directly exposed to humans. Policy In 2000, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) issued Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules (MSW (M&H) Rules) for all Indian cities. The Rules contained directives for all urban local bodies (ULBs) to
establish a proper system of waste management, including a timeline for installation of waste processing and disposal facilities by the end of 2003. The launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) programme of the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Government of India, brought about a considerable change; suddenly, there were funds available for all infrastructural projects, with a special emphasis on MSW management. To further encourage the ULBs, the 12th Finance Commission of the Government of India, has sanctioned R 2,500 crores for strengthening the SWM schemes. The 13th Finance Commission of the Government of India recommends that out of all grants given to the ULBs, 50 percent should be for SWM (2010-2015). However, despite huge investments and encouragement from the Central Government to invest in and adapt to the MSW (M&H) Rules 2000, improvement in this sector is moving at a snails pace. The launch of JNNURM has resulted in highly dynamic
Another factor is the selection of the right service provider. Managing Director, IL&FS Enviro Engineers, Mahesh Babu says, It is high time that municipal authorities start looking at players who can provide them with the best solutions.
chance to safely process and dispose wastes with minimum impact on the environment. There is a huge gap between the amount of waste generated and handled. Looking at the scenario, the waste
Per Capita Waste Generation Rate in Cities and Towns
Public Private Partnership (PPP)

Given that the total investment over the last twenty years is approximately one-tenth of what is required, PPP needs to be considered as one of the key strategies to increase investment in the water sector. One glance at the excellent service outcomes in projects implemented on a PPP basis in Nagpur, Hubli, Dharwad and Navi Mumbai, is enough to instill faith in the PPP model.
Classification Metropolitan Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F Class G Class H
No of Cities 6 32 20 19 19 31 58 59 111
Per Capita Kg/Per day 0.605 0.448 0.464 0.487 0.448 0.436 0.427 0.459 0.445
Area occupied by major Landfill sites
Name of City
No. of Sites Area of Landfill (ha) 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 465.5 292 200 140 121.5 84 66.4 60.7 59.5
The total municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in urban India is at 68.8 million tons per year (TPY), which is a 50 percent increment within the past decade. Urban India will generate a total of 920 million tons of MSW in the next decade and 160.5 million TPY by 2041.
developments. Various other government schemes are also supporting similar objectives and have to be implemented on local levels and in close coordination with JNNURM. There are considerable opportunities in the synergies between urban development objectives, SWM, waste and storm water management, poverty alleviation and climate change. Unlocking these synergies will require political leadership, interdisciplinary thinking and strict interdepartmental coordination. Institutional and organisational development, and capacity building for city administrators and local representatives are pivotal for the required change in processes.
Chennai Coimbatore Surat Greater Mumbai Greater Hyderabad Ahmadabad Delhi Jabalpur Indore
Status of Municipal Corporations

Only four out of 45 municipal corporations that were granted assistance under JNNURM for waste management have been able to complete their projects. That means that
Class H Class G 6% 5%
Agrees Union Minister for Urban Development, Kamal Nath, who at a recent event emphatically expressed the urgent need for mainstreaming PPP in the solid waste management sector - not only because of capital generation, but also because it brings about greater efficiency and higher levels of customer satisfaction. He has announced that there is a proposal to launch an urban infrastructure fund for PPP with a German company.
management sector will grow manifold, resulting in more revenue generation, said Babu. By the end of the next decade, India will landfill or openly dump 840 million tons of MSW and produce 3.6 million tons of mixed waste compost. It will also produce 33.1 million TPY of potential refuse derived fuel in the form of composting rejects that will also be land filled. Landfill gas (LFG) recovery has been shown to be economically feasible at seven landfills, located in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Ahmadabad. One of these landfills, the Gorai dumpsite in Mumbai, was capped in 2008 for capturing and flaring LFG. This project will result in an overall greenhouse gas
Municipal Solid Waste Rules

n Prohibit littering on the streets by ensuring storage of waste at source in two bins; one for biodegradable waste and another for recyclable material. n Primary collection of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable waste from the doorstep, (including slums and squatter areas) at pre-informed timings on a day-to-day basis using containerised tri-cycle/hand carts/pick up vans. n Street sweeping covering all the residential and commercial areas on all the days of the year irrespective of Sundays and public holidays. n Abolition of open waste storage depots and provision of covered containers or closed body waste storage depots. n Transportation of waste in covered vehicles on a day to day basis. n Treatment of biodegradable waste using composting or waste to energy technologies, meeting the standards laid down. n Minimise the waste going to scientifically engineered landfills and dispose of only rejects from the treatment plants and inert material at the landfills.
Public Private Partnership (PPP)

Given that the total investment over the last twenty years is approximately one-tenth of what is required, PPP needs to be considered as one of the key strategies to increase investment in the water sector. One glance at the excellent service outcomes in projects implemented on a PPP basis in Nagpur, Hubli, Dharwad and Navi Mumbai, is enough to instill faith in the PPP model. Agrees Union Minister for Urban Development, Kamal Nath, who at a recent event emphatically expressed the urgent need for mainstreaming PPP in the solid waste management sector - not only because of capital generation, but also because it brings about greater efficiency and higher levels of customer satisfaction. He has announced that there is a proposal to launch an urban infrastructure fund for PPP with a German company.
MP 3.5%
Others 15.6%
Maharashtra 17.1% West Bengal 12.0%
Metros 37%
Rajsthan 3.8% Gujarat 5.4% Karnataka 6.0% AP 8.8%
Class E 5% Class D 4% Class C 5% Class B 8% Class A 24%
Uttar Pradesh 10.0% Tamil Nadu Delhi 9.0% 9.0%
Share of states in Urban Waste Generated
Share of difference Class of Cities in Urban Waste Generated
only R 5300 crore, out of R 1,06,252 crore, have been spent properly. Reasons for the failure of municipal corporations in effectively managing solid waste are not difficult to gauge, says Director, A2Z infrastructure, Rajneesh Mehra. Skill and technology gaps and poor infrastructure are major culprits, he opines.
Opportunities
Local governments and companies are now looking at waste management as a viable business opportunity to extract the valuable and usable resources from it. They also see it as a
16 solid waste managemant
Case Study: Gorai Dumping Ground
Location
The Gorai dumpsite, located in the western suburbs of Mumbai, is spread over an area of 19.6 hectares (HA), and has been operational since 1972. The site is adjacent to Gorai creek and is close to habitation. The practice of open dumping, since 1972, has caused significant environmental damage in neighborhoods adjoining the disposal site.
of garbage at the Gorai dumping ground. Citizens in the neighborhood hadnt opened their windows facing the dumpsite in over two decades.
Operations
Project
There was approximately 2.34 million tonnes of waste, up to an average height of 26 meters, lying at the site. The creek water was polluted due to the inflow of leachate that was harming the mangroves in the vicinity. The air quality in the area had deteriorated due to the frequent burning
Since the MSW accumulated at the site had reached its capacity, IL&FS designed a scientific closure strategy using a PPP model in accordance with the MSW (M&H) Rules, 2000. As part of the strategy, IL&FS developed a detailed design for levelling and reforming the existing heap of MSW and incorporating environmental mitigation measures, including the laying of an impermeable surface cover (Geotextile/HDPE sheet), sheet piling to secure the site against tidal inundation, landfill gas (predominantly methane) collection, leachate collection and treatment system, development of a green belt and landscaping, including a green cover over the dumpsite.
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was designed and developed by IEISL. Gorai is the first dumpsite closure project from India to be registered at the UNFCCC. The project demonstrates that carbon financing can catalyse MSW projects, along with enhancing their financial viability. Waste to energy IEISL has facilitated discussions between MCGM and a US energy major to set up a waste to energy project at Gorai on a Design, Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (DBOOT) basis. Based on landfill gas flow and composition data available from the site, it is expected to set up a 3 MW landfill gas based power plant at Gorai.
Project Benefits
n Marked improvement in the quality of life of people in Gorai n Property value in the areaincreasedwithhigher property tax collection for the municipality
Project structuring
The Gorai dumpsite closure, being the first of its kind, was designed by IL&FS and structured as a fifteen year PPP with Construction and Operations and Maintenance (O&M). This contract was designed in a way that preserved the public interest nature of this project with several positive externalities, while bringing in the construction know-how, management and efficiency skills of the private sector. Construction of the project was completed in 18 months and at a cost of Rs 50 crores with the O&M estimated at Rs 12 crores. The successful transformation of the Gorai dumpsite, from an eyesore to a beautifully landscaped green space, is a demonstration of a balanced PPP model. Carbon financing The Gorai transaction is one of such carbon advance transactions in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The entire carbon advance transaction - from project documentation to submission for registration at
Creation of 19 hectares of green space in Mumbai Restoration of mangroves that had degenerated due to toxic leachatefromthedumpsite Improvement in public health and hygiene
Elimination of fire and health hazards and breeding of flies and rodents
nNoticeable improvement in the quality of creek water due to treatment of leachate n Significant improvement
Elimination of foul odour that enabled residents to open their windows after almost three decades
in the quality of marine life

n Increase in avian fauna population
The existing solid waste VOICES treatment system is not very effective, and is another contributor to green house gases. There are open dump sites, and they emit carbon and other harmful gases. We need to segregate waste at the household level and the government must levy heavy penalties on those who dump waste in open sites and lake beds.
Dr T V Ramachandra, Professor, IISc
UND
Landfill Gas Recovery Feasibility in Indian Landfills

Dumpsite Name Okhla Karuvadikuppam Deonar Pirana Autonagar Uruli Devachi Gorai Shadra Barikalan Dubagga Moti Jheel City Delhi Pondicherry Mumbai Ahmadabad Hyderabad Pune Mumbai Agra Lucknow Lucknow LFG Feasibility Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Total Waste
(million tons)
Area 54 7 120 55 18.2 22.5 24 5 2.78 3.3
Waste Depth (m) Minimum Maximum 20 3 22.5 5 5 10.2 12 12.9 8.8 10 12.5 22
680,000 637,732 12,700,000 9,300,000 1,200,000 280,000 2,340,000 473,457 287,100 288,500
There is a huge gap between the amount of waste generated and handled. Looking at the scenario, the waste management sector will grow over the years, resulting in more revenue generation.
Mahesh Babu Managing Director, IL&FS Enviro Engineers
rejects and the rest consists of water vapour and carbon dioxide generated during the composting processes. The compost product from mixed wastes was found to be of very low quality and contaminated by heavy metals. But for A2Z infrastructure, it is still a viable option. Says Rajneesh Mehra, Compost production makes us sounder, financially.
Management, Manik Thapar said, Waste pickers should
There are considerable opportunities in the synergies between urban development objectives, SWM, waste and storm water management, poverty alleviation and climate change. Unlocking these synergies will require political leadership, interdisciplinary thinking and strict interdepartmental coordination
emissions reduction of 2.2 million tons of CO2 equivalents by 2028. The compost yield from mixed waste composting facilities is only six to seven percent of the feed material. Up to 60 percent of the input waste is discarded as composting We now have got enough buyers to sell the compost. Informal recycling can be integrated into the formal system by training and employing waste pickers to conduct doorto-door collection of wastes, and by allowing them to sell the recyclables they collect. Owner, Ecowise Waste
There is an urgent need for PPP in the VOICES mainstreaming solid waste management sector, not just because of capital generation, but also because it brings about greater efficiency and higher levels of customer satisfaction.
UND Kamal Nath Union Minister for Urban Development
also be employed at material recovery facilities to increase the percentage of recycling. Waste not, want not Complexity, costs and coordination of waste management has necessitated multi-stakeholder involvement in every stage of the waste stream. This calls for an integrated approach to waste management. Looking at the gap between the volume of the waste generated and the waste managed, there is a huge requirement for better service providers, sophisticated infrastructure, efficiently managed workforce, awareness among stakeholders, innovative, decentralised solutions and the enhanced use of technology, all of which will play a key role in successful SWM.
Case Study: Zero landfill approach in Kanpur
Location
deployed 2500 people. A2Z Infra was hired to carry out this project.
Kanpur, with a population of 3.6 million, generates about 1500 MT of MSW per day, which amounts to a per capita waste generation of 472g per person per day. The open dumps full of garbage occupied most of the citys space.
Operations
Project
The project was partly funded by a JNNURM grant of up to 45 percent of the overall cost, worth R120 crore. It
Looking at the complexity of operations, A2Z went with an integrated approach, from door to door (D2D) primary collection and transportation of mixed wet heterogeneous garbage, to processing and selling compost, construction and demolition (C&D) materials, etc.
Processing at IRRF: Progressive Segregation Aerobic Composting RDF Compaction Recyclables cleaning and sales Power generation It is astonishing that the entire process of waste management in the sites by the company has created zero landfill. After treating the waste, A2Z has sold more than 100,000 MT of compost so far. The tipping fee for processing and disposal is almost zero. The process by A2Z has resulted in waste-to-zero waste where almost each and every particle
Outcome
Fact File: Efficient use of technology

All vehicles equipped with GPS All cash collections executives equipped with data loggers No touching of waste by human hands Plants maximum automated All trammels equipped with VFDs Plants on IP Cameras for remote shop-floor management A i r E d dy c u r r e nt separators and gravity separators are used in each process. All plants connected by video telephony
Coming up in June Issue: Energy Efficiency
water
Alternative measures to tackle water crisis
Andhra Pradeshs Minister of Information Technology, Ponnala Lakshmaiah has said that R 2.57 crore has been earmarked for using alternative measures to tackle the water crisis in summer. Officials have identified 1295 private water sources in the Warangal district, out of which, they have taken 205 on a lease. The Minister said that the officials were directed to take up flushing of 1202 bore-wells which had dried up within 15 days. The officials have also identified 330 wells which need to be deepened. Lakshmaiah said that 47 tankers had been commissioned to supply water to problem areas.
Anti-erosion technology in Assam

Assams Water Resources Ministry has accepted a proposal to implement an indigenously developed, cost effective, antierosion technology using plastic nets, which was developed under the guidance of the Indian Institute of Technology (Guwahati). The technology relies on the use of plastic nets tied to concrete blocks, fitted into the soil near river banks to check erosion, Polygon Foundation General Secretary, D Hazarika pointed out. We have proposed to use the technology for antierosion measures in some of Brahmaputras tributaries. The State Water Resources Ministry has given us the green signal and we will finalise details by the end of April, he informed.
Additionally, the Minister has deemed that uninterrupted power
should be provided to drinking water schemes.
Nagpur relieved of water shortage Pune gets water monitoring system

Some relief from water shortage is expected next summer since the Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) is confident of completing the Pench IV project, which will increase water availability by 115 million litres per day. This amounts to almost 20 percent of the total water supply in summer, when the Kanhan River goes dry. The biggest obstacle that stood in the way of completing the project was land acquisition, which is now almost dealt with, barring a few square meters. Since this project comes under the umbrella of the JNNURM, funds have been coming in smoothly, ensuring that this much-awaited project is completed on time.
The Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) in Pune, has completed the first phase of its installation of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, which is being used for partial centralised monitoring of the water supply network. Subsequently, this system will also help to bring about equitable water supply to the PCMC areas. The civic body has spent R 10.28 crore
for installation of the equipment needed for the SCADA system. Executive Engineer, Water Supply Department, PCMC, Pravin Ladkat, said that the system has been set up at the two water treatment plants at Nigdi. It helps monitor the amount of raw water drawn from the Pavana River and treatment of the raw water, as well as distribution of drinking water to various parts of the city, he informed.
TN water supply to be strengthened

Tamil Nadu Minister for Municipal Administration, K P Munusamy, has announced that efforts will be made to strengthen the water supply and drainage facilities in Chennais suburbs, at a cost of R 2,000 crore. Additionally, the Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board also plans to implement a R 700 crore project, which aims at modernising drinking water supply facilities. There are also plans for a R 1,300crore sewerage facility in these suburban areas. The state government is soon expected to announce an integrated solid waste management policy, which will tackle the household waste that comes from urban areas.
energy
Indias power struggle continues
Despitebuildingnumerous power plants, India is finding it extremely difficult to provide enough electricity to the household and commercial sectors because the country cannot get enough fuel principally coal to run the plants. Clumsy policies, poor management and environmental concerns have hampered the countrys efforts to dig up fuel fast enoughtokeepupwithitsgrowing need for power.A complex system of subsidies and price controls has limited investment, particularly in resources like coal and natural gas. The power sectors problems have substantially contributed to a second year of slowing economic growth in India, to an estimated seven percent this year, from nearly 10 percent in 2010. Many businesses in states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have reported that more frequent blackouts have forced them to lower production and spend significantly more on diesel fuel to run backup generators. Anil Ambani-led Reliance Power has stopped construction on a large electricity plant because it can no longer afford to buy coal from Indonesia, as had been planned.
VOICES
India is expected to be the worlds third-largest energy consumer by 2020, after USA and China. A twopronged strategy has been adopted to meet the challenge of energy consumption. It would look at augmenting domestic supply sources, including renewable energy apart from focussing on demand-side management and energy efficiency measures. Domestic capacities for building power plants with super critical and ultra-super critical technologies are also being established to reduce dependency on coal for power generation.
POWER MINISTER, SUSHILKUMAR SHINDE, SPEAKING AT THE WORLD ENERGY LEADERS SUMMIT IN ISTANBUL, APRIL 19-20, 2012
UND
IN BRIEF
Infrastructure player KEC International has won orders worth R 1,416-crore spread across various businesses, geographies and customers. It has received orders for power substations in Kenya, water canal works in Madhya Pradesh, and orders in telecom and cable businesses. Power and automation technology group, ABB, has commissioned three 765 kV sub-stations for Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCIL), located in Wardha (Maharashtra), Seoni (Madhya Pradesh) and Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh). The Bharat Forge JV called AlstomBharat Forge Power (ABFPL) has bagged a R 1,570-crore order from National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)s Solapur project. The order involves engineering, manufacturing, supply, erection and commissioning of the 2x660 MW supercritical steam turbine generator islands. McNally Bharat Engineering has received an order worth R 298crore from WB Power Development Corporation. Alstom Projects consortium has bagged a r 115 crore order for Uttarakhand Hydro Project. The companys share in Uttarakhand order is over R 70 crore.
Two new power CERC tightens grid plants in Jammu frequency

oriented unit to serve a specific segment of the customers. With these two new plants, Jakson strengthens its position as a market leader in the power-gen industry. The two plants would be manufacturinggasgeneratingsets and special application generating sets. Sameer Gupta, Managing Director of Jakson Group, said, With these two new plants, we now have enough capacityinplace to keep pace with our aspirational growth rate of 20 percent for next five years, which actually has been our CAGR for past 10 years. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has tightened the frequency band of the Northern Grid to 49.7Hz from 50.5Hz. CERC has done this mainly to increase grid security and encourage discoms to look at other options for arranging power supply. With the new
regulations in force, city discoms are exploring various options to ensure that they are able to meet the peak summer demand. Power sector officials said the only way discoms can provide smooth power supply is by contracting assured agreements in the organised market.
Power generation and management major Jakson recently started production at its two manufacturing facilities in Kathua, Jammu. The first plant is DTA for domestic customers and the other plant is a 100 percent export
finance
Hyderabad upgrades Raise property infra, despite cash crunch tax to fund urban infra: Panel
Municipal Corporation (GHMC) had recently applied for Tax Increment Financing (TIF) to develop complete hard infrastructure in the peripheral localities, like roads, underground drains and water supply, parks and street lights. TIF is an unexplored financing source in which money is borrowed for immediate infrastructure requirements and paid when the facility is used. The loan was issued by financial institutions after GHMCs general body and Andhra Pradesh government accorded permission to raise the same. The final financial distribution, a total of r 600-crore, included r 200-crore or infrastructure in peripheral areas, r 200-crore for co-financed water-supply projects and r 200-crore rupees for core area infrastructure.
When most cities are lacking the money to build and maintain infrastr ucture, Hyderabad is proving to be
an exception. In an column written by Sameer Sharma in Economic Times, it is indicated that the Greater Hyderabad
An expert committee in the Urban Development Ministry has recommended an increase in property taxes as a step to finance urban infrastructure. A report by the committee estimated that R40,000-50,000 crore would be required for over a
period of no less than 20 years. The sub-committee on financing urban infrastructure for the 12th Plan has said that the rise in property tax should be higher for properties given on rent, compared to self-occupied units, so as to tap the increased rental value.
The finance ministry is looking at the possibility of disinvesting stake in state-owned Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd (HUDCO). The department of disinvestment is in talks with the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation for a proposal to sell 10 percent of the government equity in the firm through an initial public offering. The state-owned firm could also look at raising fresh capital through the issue. The department of disinvestment is planning to sell stakes in about six firms as it tries to meet a target
Finance Ministry may divest stake in HUDCO
Hike in allocation limit for projects
IN BRIEF
Mamata Banerjee persuaded the Planning Commission to allocate r 1,110 crore more to Bengal than earlier decided. The PC agreed to give Bengal 16 percent more than last year. However, Bengal has not yet received committment from the Centre on a three year loan repayment moratorium. The foundation stone of Indias first financial city, IFCI Financial City, was laid by Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee at Hardware Park, Bagalur Road, Bengaluru. Engineering, procurement and construction player Supreme Infrastructure has bagged two orders worth R 283-crore in the highways and building construction segment in Punjab and Delhi. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation has released a loan scheme to encourage commercial projects to be undertaken by City Municipal Councils (CMCs).
of R 30,000 crore from sell of proceeds. But it is keen to largely divest equity in unlisted firms in order to enhance their corporate governance through listing. The Central Government has increased the budget limit for projects approved by the Municipal Corporation of Chandigarh to R 50 crore. Earlier, the municipality could only allocate projects up to R 10 crore. Several projects like building of new blocks in the Government Medical College and Hospital, OPDconstructioninGovernment multi-specialty hospitals, multilevel parking at the high court and similar other projects have been delayed for years because of financial constraints. A special committee will be formed to analyse and approve the new projects. The committee will include members from finance department, department concerned and finance secretary.
Suburban project cost escalates

The cost of the CIDCO sponsored suburban line project in Raigad district has escalated from R 495.44 crore to a whopping R 1,300 crore, revealed a CAG report.The report states that the work of the project commenced in 1997-98 and, despite incurring a total expenditure of R 133.39 crore (R 56.92 crore by the railway and R 76.46 crore by Cidco), only 12 percent of the work was done by the end of March 2010. The slow pace of the project has been blamed on Cidcos financial constraints.
transport
Gujarat considering Kolkata to get cafeteria trams BRTS for GIFT
site, the urban development department has been seriously considering a Bus Rapid Transport System (BRTS). If this is installed, a new bridge would have to be constructed across the Sabarmati river, which would require an environmental clearance. Given the fact that the construction of the metro is happening at a snails pace, the BRTS may just be the prudent transport option for the finance city for now. However, there are still a few kinks to be worked out, and the plan is being discussed among closed circles in the bureaucracy.
Points to ponder
n Should BRTS and Metrorail compete for passengers for a certain length on the highway? n Should employees at GIFT city have the choice of an alternative transport like the BRTS? n New bridge across Sabarmati river near PDPU university will require a nod from the Union Ministry of Forests and Environment. n Should a new special purpose vehicle (SPV) be formed for the Chandkheda-GIFT city BRTS
The state government has long been agonising over how to improve connectivity to Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT). With almost 10 floors of 22 towers ready at the GIFT SEZ
project?
Calcutta Tramways Corporation (CTC) will soon introduce cafeteria trams in Kolkata. CTC is allegedly working on a proposal to run ring services of these trams, which will have all the services of a modernday cafeteria in Central Kolkata. Meanwhile, CTC wants to generate revenues through alternative
means like running more buses on profitable routes and on-board ticket checking systems. There also are plans to introduce AC buses and turn under-utilised tram depots into parking lots. CTC has also come out with a proposal to increase tram fares by up to s 1.50.
Digitised permit records

Starting May, the Mumbai transport department will digitise the permit records of taxi and auto-rickshaws operating in the city. The growing number of complaints against auto-rickshaw and taxi drivers has prompted this move. Maha Online, a joint venture between the Maharashtra Government and TCS will be digitising almost 1.85 lakh records from all the RTOs in Mumbai, beginning in Tardeo. The permit records are not very well maintained and some are literally torn due to continuous use. Once they are digitised, it will become easy to track erring auto or taxi drivers, said a senior Regional Transport officer (RTO) on condition of anonymity. Maha Online is also developing a web-based application through which commuters can register their complaints.
Multi-level parking for Hyderabad
At the Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA) meeting held in Hyderabad, Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Commissioner, M T Krishna Babu observed a definite need for multi -level parking complexes, and that, available open spaces within government buildings such as the A P Housing Board offices and the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority would be used for the same.
GHMC also agreed to improve traffic signalling systems with traffic visualisation and surveillance cameras. Pollution will be monitored and the data displayed at public places. User-friendly foot over bridges and subways with shopping clusters were also part of the meeting agenda. The RTC was asked to consider integrating the different bus stops at Secunderabad Railway Station to ease traffic problems.
real estate
India bags prime Property prices spiral up retail spot in Coimbatore
Sudden hike in land, material and labour costs has pushed property prices up by 25-30 percent, and slowed the growth of the real estate sector in Coimbatore, in the last two years. Th e r i s e i n c o st s h a s adversely affected the middle income group, which is the major segment investing in property. Property developers passed the cost increase burden on consumers, as a result of which the market slowed down. Despite the global economic slowdown, the realty sector in this city had registered a steady growth quarter after quarter. Property developers here believe that if the real estate sector keeps growing at pace similar to that of Chennai, the government will have to develop infrastructure
The US-based global management consulting firm, AT Kearney, in its Global Retail Development Index 2011, ranked India as the fourth most attractive nation for retail investment, among 30 emerging markets. Retail industrys rapid expansion means that there is great demand
for real estate as well. Experts indicated that international hypermarket chains such as Walmart, Tesco and Carrefour apart from national chains such as Big Bazaar and More will absorb a large chunk of retail real estate in tier II and tier III cities.
facilities, promote industries and improve water bodies, as per the
residential price index published by the National Housing Bank.
Mall supply, subdued during 2010, seen major improvement with VOICES has many big projects becoming operational. To attract international retailers, India needs to provide quality retail spaces at commercially viable costs, and not only in the form of malls or shopping centres.
UND JOHN STRACHAN CUSHMAN & WAKEFIELDS PARTNER & GLOBAL HEAD (RETAIL)
Stay on sand mining affects GHMC works

Construction activity has come to a standstill in Hyderabad, with price of sand soaring like never before. After the Andhra Pradesh High Court stayed sand mining across the state from April 1, sand suppliers have increased construction material prices drastically. Several contractors of Greater Hy d e r a b a d M u n i c i p a l Corporation (GHMC) have discontinued the laying of concrete roads, housing and other civil works. The sand rate has doubled in a span of just 20 days. Nearly R 2,000-crore worth works have come to a standstill in the city alone. Apart from private builders and developers, many government contractors have also stopped construction activity.
IN BRIEF
Mumbais realty market has gathered steam after going through a dull phase for several months. In March, an increase in sales was seen when 5,776 properties were registered, which is 37 per cent more than the 3,639 registrations in February. Essar Groups realty company Equinox Realty will invest about R 600-crore on construction of its first housing project in Bengaluru. The company has appointed construction major Larsen and Toubro to build its eight acre housing project Waters Edge. Godrej Properties and the Government of Singapore have called off talks to invest in Godrej and Jets much publicised Bandra Kurla Complex project. Prestige Estates Projects expect to exceed sales of R 2,000 crore in the financial year 2013, as the last years guidance had also exceeded.
Storm after the lull
After passing through a three-year lull caused by recession, political instability and the Telangana agitation, things are now looking
up for real estate in Hyderabad. Revenue collection figures at the land registration offices for the citys hot spots show handsome collections for 2011-12, post the boom phase in 2006. For the year 2011-2012, revenues generated by this registration office was R 153 crore, which is the highest recorded in the post-2006 period. This figure was R 133 crore in 20102011 and R104 crore in 2009-2010.
housing
Good news for urban slum dwellers
built slums on precious urban land will be converted into systematic pucca houses, and the rest of the land will be used in a planned manner. The scheme will be implemented by various Government agencies like Housing and Infrastructure Development Board, Development Authorities, SADA and other urban bodies. The project will be examined by a supervision committee comprising Principal Secretaries of Housing a n d E nv i r o n m e nt , Urb a n Administration and Development and Revenue departments and Chief Executive Officers of the government agencies concerned.
IN BRIEF
Register, then redevelop, says Mumbai State Government Mumbai state government will amend rules to make it mandatory for builders to register themselves with the Slum Redevelopment Authority (SRA) before being allowed to redevelop slums. Minister of State for Housing, Sachin Ahir said, There are lots of complaints against SRA developers, but there is no provision to blacklist them. Only those registered with the SRA will be allowed to participate. The Slum Act Bill has been passed by the state legislature. Patnas Urban Development and Housing Minister, Prem Kumar, has assured that a meeting of concerned departments will soon be called to identify vacant plots of land for building houses for the urban poor. He promised to take up housing for the urban poor on priority. Realty firm Godrej Properties entered into a development management agreement with RR Builders to redevelop a MHADA property at Byculla in central Mumbai. The project, spread over around 2.5 acres, will offer nearly 3 lac sq ft of free saleable residential area comprising 2, 3, and 4BHK apartments. Bombay high court dismissed a public interest litigation filed by two Dharavi residents, and has given green signal to Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (Mhada) with regard to the development of Sector 5 of the slum. The Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Minister, Kumari Selja, is implementing integrated housing and slum development programmes under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, which focus on basic services to the urban poor and integrated development of slums.
The Bhopal State Cabinet has decided to provide housing to urban slum dwellers through participation of private investors. Under this scheme, haphazardly
If we thought about proper urban planning, institutional coherence and community participation, we would be able to address a big chunk of this problem.
ABHA JOSHI-GHANI WORLD BANKS SECTOR MANAGER, FINANCE ECONOMICS & URBAN PLANNING
VOICES
UND
Asian cities & slums

n In India, 93 million people are estimated to live in slums half of Delhis population lives in slums, while the figure is around 60 percent in Mumbai. n Bangladeshs capital Dhaka, home to 34 percent of the countrys population, has around 40 per cent slum dwellers. n Only a quarter of Nepalese live in cities. n Merely 36 percent Pakistanis are concentrated in urban centres.
No new slums in Chennai for 26 years

families living without proper shelter. Balasundar of the Citizen Rights Forum said, Of the 242 slums on both objectionable and unobjectionable lands, only 33 are located on private lands, while six have multiple ownerships. The rest are all on government lands. Yet, these slums were neither declared nor upgraded in the last 26 years. Ironically, slum population growth has still outpaced overall urban growth over the last decade. It has more than doubled from a reported 23 lac during Census 2001 (less than 10 percent of urban population) to an estimated 59 lac (17 percent of urban population in 2011).
Dealing with Africas megacities & mega slums
As per the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) records, no slums have come up in Chennai since the last 26 years. According to Transparent Chennai, the city had undergone two rounds of slum declarations in 1971 and 1986 and since then, it has not declared any new slums. The city alone is estimated to have over 2 lac
A forum bringing together Africas housing ministers was recently held in Nairobi, Kenya on March 20, 2012, under the auspices of the African Ministers Conference o n Ho u s i n g a n d Urb a n Development (AMCHUD). The fourth annual meeting focused on territorial planning and access to basic services for all. It
also looked to integrate climate change issues for sustainable urban development. According to estimates by UN-Habitat, 200-million people in subSaharan Africa or 61.7 percent of the regions urban population lived in slums in 2010. North Africa had 12-million slum dwellers, which was just 13.3 percent of its urban residents.
TNHB old flats make way for high-rises

The Tamil Nadu Housing Board (TNHB) has planned a massive redevelopment plan in which 2,238 old rental apartments will be razed at 17 different locations in Chennai. Most of these apartments are located at Nandanam, Saidapet, Foreshore Estate and Kilpauk. The board will develop 4,691 high-rise apartment complexes at these locations, at a cost of R 680
crore, pointed out the Housing and Urban Development Minister, R Vaithilingam. They will be rented out to government servants and public as per TNHB guidelines. TNHB will also construct 400 rental apartments at Anna Nagar West Extension and Thiruvanmiyur at R 60 crore for government servants and general public.
Security
Hospitals not prepared for fire, to be fired
Safety audit in Gurgaon
IN BRIEF
Delhi Traffic Police has installed several gadgets and hi-tech devices around the city; as a result of which, the numbers of challans issued for various offences like over speeding and triple-riding have almost doubled. Nashik State Government has set aside R600 crore to install close circuit television cameras in different parts of the state against the backdrop of rising threats from terrorists, and other law and order issues. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation will launch a centralised disaster management helpline number on June 1, which will cater round-theclock to any crises pertaining to civic amenities. In an attempt to end the prevalence of bogus ration cards, Chennai Food Minister, S Kamaraj announced that the issue of biometric data-based SMART family cards would soon begin from Pudukottai district as a pilot project that would cost R 21.69 crore. Automobile giant Volvo is claiming to have invented a technology which can drastically reduce rear end impact accidents. A new technology called Volvo BLIS is also currently being tested. which detects vehicles in the rear blind spot on both sides of the car. Singapore has installed police surveillance cameras in publichousing blocks. By 2016, the cameras will be operational on the ground floors of all 10,000 government-built apartment blocks where over 80 percent of the population lives. Post the Carlton towers tragedy in Bengaluru, mock drills by the Disaster Management Cell has brought about awareness. This could be seen after most IT majors and BPO companies had their buildings evacuated in a proper fashion after earthquake tremors were felt. A group of activists from the NGO, Jaogri,conductedsecurity audits in Gurgaon recently, to identify areas where women may be vulnerable. Starting 7 pm, the audit commenced at Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road between IFFCO Chowk and Sikanderpur Metro station. Besides that, a team of both men and women visited malls, streets, and residential areas. The activists later submitted their findings to the authorities. Several organisations, like Lets Walk Gurgaon, Gurgaon Drum Circle and other womens groups pledged their support to this safety audit.
Despite the many accidental fires in hospitals across the country, safety norms are still not in place. After the AMRI hospital disaster, fire service departments across the country were directed to collect information about fire preparedness. However, hospitals werent very receptive to the idea. Now, the Ahmedabad
Municipal Corporation (AMC) is on the hunt for private hospitals that are functioning without proper permissions or fire safety certificates. The corporation has conducted a survey on more than 1000 private hospitals, so far. Superintendent of the Vaccination Department in AMC and head of
this survey, Dr A A Begda, said, If any hospital is found without permissions and certificates, we will issue them notices and ask them to file applications for the same. If they fail to adhere to such warnings, then final notices will be served, which will later lead to sealing of the hospital and cancellation of the registration.
Gurgaon police vehicles get geo-fencing system
Earthquake-prone Delhi gets attention

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) have initiated an exercise to identify the total number of dangerous buildings that would collapse at the advent of an earthquake; a critical measure since Delhi lies in the high risk seismic zone IV . Around 300 engineers from various civic agencies, including MCD, DDA and NDMC, will be trained by the NIDM in Delhi, to identify unsafe buildings and then strengthen them by retrofitting and rebuilding. According to information, Delhi Lieutenant Governor, Tejinder Khanna, who inaugurated the training programme, would soon initiate talks with DDA regarding the creation of a retrofitting wing of engineers that will work to identify unsafe buildings and rectify structural defects in them.
The Gurgaon city police are going to equip all their PCR vans and bikes with a geo-fencing system. It will be furnished with a GPS (Global Positioning System) device that will provide accurate tracking and navigation data of vehicle movement. It will have a digital, highresolution map facility which will help PCR operators locate vehicle within their respective jurisdictions.Meanwhile, the police control room will also
be able to keep an eye on the movement of vehicles, which will, in turn, help in stopping unauthorised use of vehicles. Policemen have to often ask victims for directions to scene of the crime. But with this advanced technology, the problem will be resolved, said DCP (Crime), Maheshwar Dayal. Last year, Gurgaon police had claimed that the police response time had been reduced to three - nine minutes from 12 minutes.
e-governance
UIDAI hopes to be foolproof
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has commenced the second phase of Aadhaar enrollments for 40 crore residents. The Authority hopes to complete the process within the next two years. UIDAI Deputy Director General, Bangalore Regional Office, Ashok Dalwai informed that a software which is more accurate and contains more security features will be simultaneously released in all 18 states where UIDAI is operating. In its second phase, Aadhaar enrollments are going to be more stringent and foolproof, both at the enrollment level and data uploading level. As part of the new strategy, the authority will only enroll people introduced by government officials, unlike in the first phase when anyone could become the introducer. An introducer is a person who is authorised by the authoritys registrars to introduce a resident who doesnt possess identification documents.
More Mumbai card for commuters
IN BRIEF
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation has launched an online payment solution in association with Axis Bank. The software will store 35 different types of information which will be helpful during audits and supply of RTI information. IBM has launched new integrated systems called the PureSystems series, which will help clients manage multiple systems that require significant resources to set up and maintain. With this technology, companies can reduce the cost of managing information technology. Centres plan to digitise land records across States appears uncertain. The Ministry of Rural Development indicated that only eight percent of the funds allotted for National Land Records Modernisation Programme were utilised by the end of last year. Jammu and Kashmir government has granted the task of digitisation of more than 15 lac folios of rare books and manuscripts to Kinsley Brothers, official sources said. More than 2,00,000 lac pages have already been scanned and digitalised.
Commuters in Mumbai will soon be granted the facility of a National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) for cashless travel across the city. The card will be called More Mumbai. This one card may be used for buying tickets for metro, mono and suburban rail and buses. Parking charges, toll tax and auto-taxifarewillalsobepayable
through this card. Joint Project Director, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), Dilip Kawathkar said, Such a card is a blessing for cities like Mumbai. UTI Infra will offer MMRDA and other transit and para-transit corporations various services to implement the unified ticketing solutions.
Maharashtra issues e-Gov guidelines

GUIDELINE COMPONENTS
Usage of UID cards Use of Marathi Procedure to provide computerised services Mobile governance Selection of agents/franchisees for providing services Preparation of an action plan by every department to implement e-governance Creating infrastructure for implementing e-governance Review and audit Appointing experts, holding contests etc
MSTD selects Capgemini
Aiming to achieve uniformity and make information exchange between states hassle free, M a h a r a s ht r a h a s i s s u e d guidelines for the implementation of e-Governance in all government departments and corporations. The guidelines are divided into
nine categories, each with its own objective and time frame. The government also plans to create a separate wing, the Maharashtra Information Technology Service (MITS), to implement the e-Governance policy.
After a careful product and vendor evaluation by the Maharashtra Sales Tax Department (MSTD), Capgemini has been selected to implement a Business Intelligence and Data Warehouse solution. The company will be establishing a warehousing solution that will help MSTD to analyse economic
parameters and set revenue collection targets. The existing taxpayers base will also be expanded by the department. These initiatives will result in significant optimisation of resources, time and effort, thus bringing in considerable business benefits to the department. MSTD is the highest revenue generating department for the Government of Maharashtra.
vital statistics
Top 10 states with high density cities
Class A cities (Pop > 1 lakh)
Uttar Pradesh West-Bengal Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Rajasthan Bihar Karnataka 64 61 44 42 41 32 30 29 26 26
Mega-Cities (Pop > 10 lakh

Uttar Pradesh Kerela Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Jharkhand Andhra Pradesh Punjab 7 7 6 4 4 4 3 3 3 2
Urban DIVIDE
While the census 2011 data shows 31.16% growth in the countrys urban population, basic amenities like availability of water and sanitation, and access to housing have not grown apace, widening the divide between the urban rich and poor.
Uttar Pradesh has largest number of mega cities as well as Class A cities. Tamil Nadu, the most urbanised state, is at the 5th place in Class A cities.
Smaller states have higher proportion of urban population

Percent share of urban population
Delhi Goa Mizoram Tamil Nadu Kerala Maharashtra Gujarat Karnataka Punjab Haryana 97.5 62.17 51.51 48.45 47.72 45.23 42.58 38.57 37.49 34.79
Percent decadal growth (urban)

Sikkim Kerala Tripura Nagaland Haryana Manipur Uttarakhand Chhattisgarh Arunachal Pradesh Andhra Pradesh 153.43 92.72 76.08 67.38 44.25 42.74 41.86 41.83 37.55 36.26
States like Delhi and Goa have the largest share of urban population, while Sikkim and Kerela have witnessed highest decadal growth.
Urban poverty and slums continue to be major problems

Poverty Ratio in Urban areas
Orissa Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh Uttaranchal Bihar Rajasthan Karnataka Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Andhra 44.3 42.1 41.2 36.5 34.6 32.9 32.6 32.2 30.6 28
Water availability is still low, even in top 10 states

%of households with drinking-water outside
Manipur Chhattisgarh West Bengal Orissa Madhya Pradesh Nagaland Tamil Nadu Jharkhand Andhra Pradesh Mizoram 52.2 47.7 44.8 43.3 39.4 37.3 37.1 34.4 30.2 28.5
%of slum population to total population

Delhi Maharashtra Haryana Tamil Nadu Mizoram Punjab Andhra West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Goa 17.47 16.26 13.07 12.87 10.6 10.18 9.72 9.61 8.95 8.92
%of households without tapwater

Nagaland Bihar Assam Kerala Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand Chhattisgarh Tripura Orissa Manipur 74.3 71 63.4 58.4 52.7 50.9 39.5 39.4 36.4 34.4
States like Delhi and Maharashtra have the highest number of slum-dwellers. The denser, the more number of slum dwellers!
74.3 % of households in Nagaland do not have tap water and Manipur has 52.2 % households who have drinking facility outside the premises.
ensus - 2011 portrays a great divide existing between urban rich and poor with 18 percent registering no assets (phone, vehicle, computer, cycle etc) at all. The census for figures of homeless and slums is yet to be carried out. Ownership of telephones, mainly mobile phones, has rapidly increased with 76 percent in urban areas. Around six percent of households have the privilege of using both mobile phones and land line telephones. Flush water privilege is enjoyed by three crore Indian households (25 percent of the total) and 58 percent have one or the other kind of enclosure to bathe in privacy. But 42 percent dont have such a facility yet and have to work out their bathing routine either in the open or in some nook and corner.
Urban housing shortage needs to be addressed

Per capita floor area (sq m)
Kerala Assam Manipur Himachal Pradesh Goa Sikkim Rajasthan Jammu & Kashmir Punjab Mizoram 15.01 13.65 13.63 12.83 12.62 12.12 11.96 11.24 10.99 10.43
The Numbers Game

n
Housing shortage (In mn)

Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Uttarakhand West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Delhi Rajasthan 3.72 2.82 2.38 2.04 1.95 1.66 1.63 1.29 1.13 1
87 percent of household are using taps, tube wells, hand pumps and covered wells as the main source of drinking water while 43.5 percent use tap water. Only 47 percent of households have source of water within the premises while 36 percent of households have to fetch water from a source located within 100 mts and 17 percent still fetch drinking water from a source located more than 100 mts away in urban area. As far as the main source of lighting is concerned, 67 percent of households use electricity which shows an increase of 11 per cent over 2001. 58 percent of the households have bathing facilities within the premises, showing an Increase of 22 percent over 2001. Around half of the households have drainage connectivity with two-third having the open drainage and one-third having the closed drainage system.
Maharashtra has the highest shortage of urban houses, followed by Tamil Nadu
47 percent of the households have latrine facility within the premises with 36 percent households have water closet and nine percent households have pit latrine. There has been a decline of 11 percent in households having no latrine from 64 per cent to 53 percent in 2011. 61 percent households have kitchen facilities with 55 percent within premises and six percent outside premises. Two-third of the households are using firewood/crop residue, cow dung cake/coal etc. and three percent households use kerosene. There is an increase of 11 percent in use of LPG from 18 percent in 2001 to 29 percent in 2011. In the modes of transport, 45 percent of the households have bicycle, 21 percent two wheelers and five percent four wheelers. There is an increase of nine percent in two wheeler and two percent in four wheelers, with bicycle showing increase of one percent only. 59 percent of the households are availing banking facilities with 68 percent in urban areas and 54 percent in rural areas. In reference to the mode of communication, there is an increase of 16 percent in television and a corresponding decline of about 15 percent in the use of radios/transistors. Less than one out of ten households have computer/laptop with only three percent having internet facility. The penetration of internet is eight percent in urban as compared to less than one percent in rural area. 63 per cent households have telephone/mobile phones facility with 82 percent in urban areas. The penetration of mobile phones is 59 per ent and landline is 10 percent. 12. 18 percent of the Indian households do not have any of the specified assets.
While power coverage is good, drainage still suffers

% of households with power connections
Nagaland Mizoram Manipur Himachal Pradesh Sikkim Meghalaya Punjab Gujarat Delhi Uttarakhand 100 99.8 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.3 99.3 99 98.6 98.6
% of households with no drainage

Tripura Kerala Orissa Goa Mizoram Manipur Nagaland Chhattisgarh Bihar Assam 68.1 54 36.7 30.3 30.3 29.3 29 26.3 22.8 22.6
n n n
North eastern states have almost 100% power coverage. But most of the urbanised states have power shortage.
Besides mobile phones, presence of television in Indian households has increased by 16 percent with a corresponding decline in radios and transistors. Less than one out of ten households in the country have computer or laptop with only three percent having internet facility. 39 percent of urban population does not have kitchen facility. 47 percent of the households do not have latrine facilities. 32 percent of them do not have access to banking services. The data itself displays the darker side of rapidly urbanising India. If the issues are not addressed well, it will be a big challenge to the policy makers and the implementing agencies in coping up with the rich poor divide.
Sanitation is poor across all the states

% of households with no bathroom
Manipur Tripura Bihar Chhattisgarh Orissa Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh West Bengal 54.5 52.8 48.2 42.9 39.2 31.1 27.4 27.1 25.6 21.9
Cost of renting a house, highest in Karnataka

% of households on rent
Sikkim Nagaland Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Meghalaya Karnataka Delhi Himachal Pradesh Mizoram Arunachal Pradesh 60.5 52.9 47 46.7 45.5 44.2 36.4 31.6 31 29.8
% of households without tapwater

Chhattisgarh Orissa Bihar Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka 31.5 29.1 27.7 24.5 24.3 16 14.2 12.6 11.8 11.3
Average rent paid

Karnataka Sikkim Meghalaya Delhi Goa Kerala Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Uttarakhand Mizoram 1,997 1,720 1,639 1,502 1,388 1,371 1,225 1,209 1,204 1,141
More than half of the households in states like Manipur and Tripura dont have bathrooms.
In Karnataka, Sikkim and Meghalaya, an average monthly rent is R 1,600
events
Aquatech India 2012 Germany and India: Infinite Opportunities 2011-2012 POWER-GEN INDIA & CENTRAL ASIA 2011 PM speaks at India Water Week
Aquatech India 2012 was held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi from 25 to 27 April, 2012 with a focus on Future challenges in Integrated Water Resources Management. The exhibition and conference saw 150 exhibitors showcasing exhibitions on equipment and technology for the water industry. Economic Advisor, Ministry of Urban Development, A S Bhat, said, 1400 Municipalities have been selected in nine states for urban areas with service level benchmarks which are based on 28 indicators like water supply, waste management recycling, etc. Annually all Municipalities would be rated on these benchmarks. The Governing Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, visited India from March 24-28, 2012. In Delhi and Mumbai, Wowereit opened conferences, which comprised various panel discussions on infrastructure and urban spaces. Under the aegis of the year of Germany in India, titled Germany and India: Infinite Opportunities 2011-2012, he also inaugurated a celebratory programme to mark 60 years of diplomatic ties between the two countries. It is focussed on fields in urban development such as mobility, architecture, energy planning, urban art and cultural infrastructure. Power-Gen India & Central Asia 2012 was organised in Pragati Maidan with the theme Switching on Indias POWER Future. The three-day exhibition and conference saw 130 speakers and over 250 exhibitors. At the inauguration, Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Power, Ashok Lavasa said, In the past five years, the power sector has witnessed growth and private players are playing an important role. The supercritical power programme has been added to our 12th Year Plan, as it would help increase power generation, and the technology will result in saving almost four percent of fuel. The first international event in the series of India Water Week on Water, Energy and Food Security: Call for Solutions was organised during April 10-14, 2012 at New Delhi. The exhibition Water Expo 2012 was showcased to meet future challenges for the overall development of water, food and energy sector. Inaugurating the event, the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh said, Having around 17 percent of the worlds population, but only 4 percent of its usable fresh water, India has a major scarcity. Rapid economic growth is widening the demand-supply gap.
RETROSPECTIVE
International Aviation Economics Conference 2012
The International Aviation Economics Conference 2012 was inaugurated in New Delhi by Dr A P J Abdul Kalam wherein a study entitled The Economic Impact of Delhi Airport was unveiled. Addressing the conference, Kalam said, Air transportation is growing rapidly in the country and will be sustained. There are 450 aircraft and 125 airports. Six metro airports are handling 70 percent of the traffic, which is leading to congestion, delays and wastage of precious jet fuel which leads to high pollution. He ad de d t h at a i r t r a f f i c management is an urgent issue that needs to be resolved.
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31 events
UPCOMING
Urban City 2012
May 15 - 17
Second International Congress on Urban and Environmental Issues and Policies
Venue: A Coruna, Galicia, Spain This is the 18th international conference on urban transport and environment.
May 4 - 6
Venue: Trabzon, Turkey It will analyse urban and environmental issues and policies, within the framework of social sciences.
India Urban Transport Summit 2012
REAL CORP 2012
May 25
May 14 - 16
Venue: New Delhi, India It will focus on inadequate public transport systems, limited infrastructure, growing pollution, fund shortages, management chaos and more. Green Growth: New Shoots International Conference 2012 IWA World Congress on Water, Climate & Energy 2012
Venue: Schwechat, Austria This is the 17th international conference on urban planning, regional development and information society.
May 9 - 10
Venue: Sheffield, UK The conference provides a platform for networking and discussing opportunities for durable growth and green infrastructure. Ozwater12 - Australias National Water Conference and Exhibition
May 13 - 18
Venue: Dublin, Ireland The Congress will explore topics based on resilient and sustainable cities, with a focus on climate change mitigation.
Resilient Cities 2012
May 8 - 10
May 12 - 15
Venue: Sydney, Australia Ozwater12 will acknowledge achievements in the water sector and highlight future challenges and opportunities. Greentech Fire Safety & Security Global Conference & Expo Sustainable City 2012
Venue: Bonn, Germany It is a global forum on urban r e sili e n ce a n d clim ate adaptation and is an opportunity to interact and network.
May 17 - 18
May 7 - 9
Venue: Ancona, Italy The conference will address inter-related aspects of the urban environment from transport and mobility to social exclusion and crime prevention.
Venue: Visakhapatnam, India It will focus on issues within the framework of social studies, like housing, pollution, urban land and slums.
Registered with Registrar of newspapers for India Under RNI No.DELENG/2012/41753

UND May 2012

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Volume I l Issue 3

JNNURM : Report Card and Road Map

Focus City: Mumbai

Green Pages: Reliance gets ADBs support +12

Special Feature: Waste Management

India, Germany to foster sustainable strategies

TN tackles open defecation

Urban development on fast track in Punjab

Tax on vacant land?

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Bengals tug of war over LIG segment

Policy safeguard for Assam vendors

JNNURM - II takes off in Coimbatore

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

The Mumbai Urban Transport Project

Watering down the issues

- Sitaram Kunte, Municipal Commissioner, BMC

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Supervising solid waste

Coming up in June Issue Focus on Delhi

Integrated Development of Dharavi

- Rahul Asthana METROPOLITAN Commissioner

Chennai prepares Indias first Solar Atlas

India, UK join hands for climate change

EU tax a sham, claims Natarajan

State of the Planet declaration, a mess

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE RIO+20 SUMMIT

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Mercury rises- waste and highrise buildings to be blamed

Rooftop solar policy Asias largest solar power park in Gujarat

AMC on a cost cutting, energy saving drive

KSM burning brightly

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Capacity to double by 2016

Discontinuation of AD to hit sector

Cut costs to remain competitive, says Siemens

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Kerala to join worlds biggest biodiversity event

Demand for energy savers spirals

What you refuse, we reuse!!!

HOME WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS

COMMERCIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS

INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS

SPECIAL FEATURE ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Cities wasting away-

Can we afford to waste more time?

Sorting through the debris

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Public Private Partnership (PPP)

Area occupied by major Landfill sites

Status of Municipal Corporations

Municipal Solid Waste Rules

Public Private Partnership (PPP)

Maharashtra 17.1% West Bengal 12.0%

Rajsthan 3.8% Gujarat 5.4% Karnataka 6.0% AP 8.8%

Class E 5% Class D 4% Class C 5% Class B 8% Class A 24%

Uttar Pradesh 10.0% Tamil Nadu Delhi 9.0% 9.0%

Share of states in Urban Waste Generated

Share of difference Class of Cities in Urban Waste Generated

16 solid waste managemant

May 2012 - URBAN NEWS DIGEST

Case Study: Gorai Dumping Ground