Osram All about LED All about LED More and more LED (Light Emitting Diodes) are

used in general lighting. OSRAM therefore offers a broad range of products from single LED to complete modules.

Basic principles of LED (Light Emitting Diodes) Cross-section of a LED

a LED consists of several layers of semiconducting material when a LED is operated with DC voltage light is generated in the active layer the generated light is radiated directly or by reflections in contrast to lamps, which emit a continuous spectrum, a LED emits light in a certain colour the colour of the light depends on the used material two systems of material (AllnGaP and InGaN) are used in order to produce LED with a high luminance in all colours from blue to red and also in white (luminescence conversion). Therefore different voltages are necessary in order to operate the diode in conducting direction

History of LED - Development for general lighting applications For more than 30 years, LED have been used in various industrial applications from switch cabinets to measuring instruments, in consumer products such as HiFi- equipment, telephones or personal computers, in traffic signal installations for road and railway or in indoor and outdoor automotive lighting.

In the last few years the efficacy of coloured LED increased to amazing 60 lm/W depending on the colour. A trend which will proceed in the future. As today's white LED reach efficacies up to 15 lm/W - comparable to incandescent lamps - they are more and more used in general lighting. In emergency lighting as well as decorative lighting, theyve already developed a broad implementation area. Today, also applications such as illuminated advertising benefit from the advantages of LED, particularly by using coloured LED-modules. LED for general lighting Mainly white light is used for general lighting applications. The white LED with efficacies from 11 - 15 lm/W - which is comparable with our good old incandescent bulb - is only availble for a few years. The operating principle consists of a LED-chip whose blue radiation excites yellow fluorescent particles mixed with the resin. The emission of blue and yellow light finally results in white light. The future of light?

LED - modules from OSRAM Opto Semiconductor Being one of the leading manufacturers of LED in the world, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors offers ready-to-use LED - modules for general lighting.

The modules are offered in the following colours:

red (A-amber) green (T-true green oder V-verde) yellow (Y-yellow) blue (B-blue) white (W-white) orange (O-orange) partly

BACKlight: the shape of light to come This module has been specially designed for backlighting of diffuse material for example in illuminated signs. It is also suitable for many other applications in general lighting. LINEARlight: a versatile line-up For numerous applications such as edge lighting with clear or opaque material, in luminaires for emergency lighting, for illuminated advertising or as orientation lighting for walkways.

LINEARlight Flex: a new role for innovative light Similar to LINEARlight this module is suitable for universal applications such as edge lighting, emergency lighting, illuminated advertising, backlighting of complex structures or orientation lighting for walkways.

LINEARlight Colourmix:

Linear LED module with 3 integrated chips in one LED; Universal applications, e.g. for light excitation in transparent and dispersive material.

COINlight: An all-rounder for compact luminaires Light source for orientation lighting with recessed mounted wall sconces and inground luminaires.

MARKERlight: Low-profile solution Ideally suited for orientation or information lights, backlighting of numbers, letters or symbols, recessed mounted wall sconces or designer luminaires for indoor and outdoor application.

EFFECTlight: Bringing colour into a grey world Especially suited for architectural lighting of buildings, lighting effects for columns and arches, also suitable for miniature spotlights.

LED-modules

Reference installations

Orientation with LED-lighting MARKERlight, mounted in stairs and operated by OPTOTRONIC lead the way in the famous "Gewandhaus" in Leipzig/Germany.

LED in indoor lighting The first complete indoor lighting installation with LED was designed by Bartenbach Lichtlabor in Innsbruck /Austria. White light is created by a perfect mix of 14,000 white and coloured LED.

Illuminated advertising with LED For illuminated signs, LED-modules such as BACKlight, LINEARlight and LINEARlight Flex operated by OPTOTRONIC are a new alternative to conventional light sources. Numerous companies use already LED from OSRAM for illuminated advertising.

Advantages of LED

Innovative LED offer a number of technological advantages:

Low energy consumption Extremely long life Very low early failure rate Smallest dimensions Shock and vibration resistant No ultra-violet or infrared radiation Low wattage Almost no heat generation Directed light through optical lenses High colour efficiency Creative design options due to a multitude of available colours, compact dimensions and flexible modules High economical efficiency due to low energy consumption, long life and low maintenance cost Highest reliability even under difficult conditions

The benefits for users are as follows:

Principles of lighting design One of the most important aspects of lighting design is to determine the number of luminaires required, based on a given illuminance value. The room utilisation factor method is a sufficiently accurate and relatively simple procedure for finding the required number of luminaires (n):

Room utilisation factor method 1. Status of the lighting system The planning factor takes into account the reduction in luminous flux and soiling of the light fittings. Planning factor = 1.25 2. Rated illuminance E According to DIN 5035, Part 2 for the room in question, depending on the type of activity. 3. Room factor k The room factor k makes allowance for the shape of the room:

a = Room width b = Room length H = Room height h = H - 0.85 m 4. Luminous flux Taken from the lamp catalogue, depending on the lamp to be used in the luminaire. 5. Luminaire efficiency Taken from the luminaire catalogue, depending on the luminaire selected.
LB

6. Room utilisation factor From the LiTG table for the selected luminaire on the basis of the classification (e.g. A40.2). The effect of light distribution in the room is covered by the value from the appropriate table. Table 1 contains the room utilisation factor R as a percentage against the room factor (k), based on a combination of the reflectances of the ceilings, walls and work surfaces (or floors).
R

Basis: reflectances The reflective properties of the room surfaces are measured in terms of the reflectances of the ceilings, walls and work surfaces (or floors). Reflectances can be determined with the aid of reflectance tables.

TIP Lighting design data is available in EULUMDAT format for most OSRAM luminaires. EULUMDAT data can be read by a wide range of programs for lighting design, including DIALUX (Version 2.0 and higher), RELUX, SPECTRAL LUMAGIC and RADEMACHER BELWIN.

Luminaries ceiling mounted Reflectances p 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Ceiling 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 5 8 5 5 3 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Wall 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 3 3 5 3 3 Surfac 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 e 3 1 1 1 1 Room factor Room utilisation factor in % k 0.6 73 46 37 44 36 66 36 42 35 35 0.8 82 57 47 54 46 74 45 51 44 44 1.0 91 66 56 62 54 80 53 59 52 51 1.25 98 75 65 70 62 85 61 66 60 59 10 1.5 82 73 76 69 89 67 72 66 65 3 10 2.0 91 82 84 78 94 75 78 73 72 9 11 2.5 98 90 90 84 97 81 83 79 77 4 11 10 3.0 96 95 90 99 86 87 83 82 7 3 12 10 10 10 10 4.0 95 91 91 88 86 0 9 3 0 1 10 12 11 10 10 5.0 98 93 93 91 89 2 3 7 3 3 Table 1: This table shows the room utilisation factor for numerous combinations of room factors and reflectances (always assuming ideal dispersion). The illuminance E required in a room of area a x b is achieved with n luminaires that have an efficiency and with lamps with a luminous flux .
LB

Example: Illumination of a conference room with OSRAM DULUX CARR EL/D 2 x 24 W, with two DULUX L 24 W compact fluorescent lamps. Room dimensions a = 15.00 m b = 8.00 m H = 3.40 m h = 2.55 m

Required quality of light Conference room: light colour ww or nw, R group 2A Illuminance E = 300 Lux
a

Selected lamp 2 DULUX L 24 W, light colour LUMILUX Warm (LF 31/830), R group 1B, luminous flux per lamp = 1800 Lumen
a

Luminaire efficiency and light distribution OSRAM DULUX CARR EL/D 2 x 24 W Light distribution A40.2 hLB = 0.58

Reflectances Ceiling = 0.8 Wall = 0.5 Work surface = 0.3

Room utilisation factor from the LiTG table for A40.2 (Table 1) = 0.91
R

Calculation:

Result: 24 luminaires (n is rounded up) Recommended arrangement: 3 rows of 8 luminairies.