INTRODUCTION

The number of vehicles passing over the speed breaker in roads is increasing day by day. A large amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers through the dissipation of heat and also through friction, every time a vehicle passes over it. There is great possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making the speed-breaker as a power generation unit. The generated power can be used for the lamps, near the speed- breakers. The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. For example, the per capita energy consumption in USA is 9000 KWh (Kilo Watt hour) per year, whereas the consumption in India is 1200 KWH (Kilo Watt hour). One might conclude that to be materially rich and prosperous, a human being needs to consume more and more energy. A recent survey on the energy consumption in India had published a pathetic report that 85,000 villages in India do not still have electricity. Supply of power in most part of the country is poor. Hence more research and development and commercialization of technologies are needed in this field. India, unlike the top developed countries has very poor roads. Talking ab ou t a particular road i t s e l f includes a number of speed breakers. By just placing a unit like the Power Generation Unit from Speed Breakers, so much of energy can be tapped. This energy can be used for the lights on the either sides of the roads and thus much power that is consumed by these lights can be utilized to send power to these villages. The project is concerned with generation of electricity from speed breakers-like set up. The load acted upon the speed breaker - setup is there by transmitted to rack and pinion arrangements. When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip When the breaker come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter). This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt oflectricity can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day.

BASIC PRINCIPLES:
Simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical. To generate electricity using the vehicle kinetic energy as input We can develop electricity from speed breakers They are using 3 different mechanisms:

I. Roller mechanism II. Crank-shaft mechanism III. Rack-Pinion mechanism

ROLLERMECHANISM:
A roller blind mechanism for winding and unwinding a rollable blind, the mechanism comprising a support element, a drive sprocket which is rotatably mounted on the support element for transmitting rotational movement to a blind supporting member, and a manually-movable elongate flexible drive element which includes a plurality of interlinked tooth-engaging elements, the drive sprocket including a plurality of flexible teeth engagable with the tooth-engaging elements of the flexible drive element. A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a radial extent of the teeth of the drive sprocket is equal to or greater than a maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging elements of the flexible drive element. A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein the radial extent is equal to or greater than twice the maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging elements of the flexible drive element. A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the teeth of the drive sprocket flex in a circumferential direction of the sprocket.

CRANKSHAFTMECHANISM:
The crankshaft is a mechanism that transforms rotary movement into linear movement, or vice versa. For example, the motion of the pistons in the engine of a car is linear (they go up and down).But the motion of the wheels has to be rotary. So, engineers put a crankshaft between the engine and the transmission to the wheels. The pistons of the engine move the crankshaft and the movement becomes rotary. Then the rotary movement goes past the clutch and the gear box all the way to the wheels.

RACK AND PINION MECHANISM

Rack and pinion gears normally change rotary motion into linear motion, but sometimes we use them to change linear motion into rotary motion.They transform a rotary movement (that of the pinion) into a linear movement (that of the rack) or vice versa. We use them for sliding doors moved by an electric motor. The rack is attached to the door and the pinion is attached to the motor. The motor moves the pinion which moves the rack and the door moves.

ELECTRICITYGENERATIONFROMOF RACK AND PINION MECHANISM:(POWERHUMP):

In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to day-to-day increase in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it becomes necessary that we must depend on non-conventional sources for power generation. While moving, the vehicles posses some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP. The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. This shaft is connected to the electric dynamo and it produces electrical energy proportional to traffic density. This generated power can be regulated by using zenor diode for continuous supply .All this mechanism can be housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called hump. The generated power can be used for general purpose like streetlights, traffic signals. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series this generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electric devices. The maintenance cost of hump is almost nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we can satisfy the future demands to some extent.
WORKINGPRINCIPLE:

While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its storage. POWER HUMP is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker. Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears. So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional to traffic density.

BILL OF MATERIAL:
The various machine elements used in the construction of powerhump are RACK SPUR GEAR ANTI LOCK BEARING BEARINGS SHAFT SPRINGS ELECTRIC DYNAMO

A dome is mounted on a spring and in the bottom, a rack is clamped. The rack consists contact teeth on both the faces. It is connected to two gear wheels to rotate the gear wheels only in one direction. We have inserted a free wheel in each gear. The free wheel and the gear assembly are mounted centrally. The flywheel is also mounted on the same shaft and the shaft is simply supported at the both ends by means of ball bearings. Now a dynamo is connected to each shaft by belt drive. The output terminal of dynamo is connected to an electrical storing device. The total assembly is arranged in concrete pit.
S.NO NAMEOFTHE COMPONENT 1 2 RACK SPUR GEAR SHAFT SPRINGS MILDSTEEL CASTIRON MILDSTEEL CHROMEVANADIUM ALLOYSTEEL 5 BEARINGS CHROMIUM STEEL 2 1 1 1 1 MATERIAL USED QUANTITY

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4

ANTI LOCK BEARING

CHROMIUM STEEL

RACK: Its primary function is to convert translatory motion into rotary motion. It must have higher strength, rigidity and resistance to shock load and less wear and tear. SPUR GEAR: It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. In volute teeth profile is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment. It should have high wear and tear, shock-absorbing capacity. SHAFTS: It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity. SPRINGS: It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls energy either due to shocks or due to vibrations. BEARINGS: It is a machine element, which supports another machinery. It permits relative motion between the contacting surfaces while carrying the loads. They reduce the friction and transmit the motion effectively.

BLOCKDIAGRAM:

OUTPUTPOWERCALCULATIONS
Let us consider, The mass of a vehicle moving over the speed breaker =250Kg , (Approximately) Height of speed brake =10 cm Work done = Force x Distance Here, Force = Weight of the Body = 250 Kg x 9.81 = 2452.5 N Distance travelled by the body = Height of the speed brake =10 m Output power= Work done/Sec = (2452.5 x 0.10)/60 =4.0875 Watts (For One pushing force) Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed breaker arrangement for one minute= 4.0875 watts Power developed for 60 minutes (1 hr) =245.25 watts Power developed for 24 hours=5.866 KW This power is sufficient to burn four street lights in the roads in the night time.

VOLTAGEGENERATED(VS) SPEEDOFVEHICLE:
LOAD=270Kg (Vehicle load + man weight) Speed of vehicle (km\hr) 10 20 30 40 50 Voltage generated (volts) 7.93 6.28 5.03 4.66 3.03

VOLTAGE GENERATED(VS) LOAD:

Speed of vehicle=10km/hr

Load(kgs) 60(man load) 130 170 200 270

Voltage generated(V) 8.33 9.45 10.22 11.23 11.81

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:
Low budget electricity production Less floor area No obstruction to traffic Easy maintenance Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc. Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc

Disadvantages:
Selecting suitable generator. Selection of springs. Achieving proper balance of speed and torque. It gives low electric output

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CONCLUSION
As day by day power consumption increases but electric crisis occur. So the minor needs of electricity such as street lights and traffic signals can be generated from speed breakers. Instead of wasting kinetic energy of vehicles at speed breakers the minor needs can be met by converting kinetic energy to electrical energy. Vehicular traffic in big cities is more, causing a problem to human being. But this vehicular traffic can also be utilized for power generation by means of new technique called POWER HUMP. If it is placed in heavy traffic roads, the weight and kinetic energy of the vehicles can be used to produce mechanical power in shafts and this mechanical power is once again converted into electrical energy.

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REFERENCES
[1] Mukherjee.D Chakrabarti.S, 2005, Fundamentals of renewable energy systems, New Age international limited publishers, New Delhi. [2]Sharma.P.C, 2003, Non-conventional power plants, Public printing service, New Delhi. [3]Principles of renewable energy systems, Sharma.P.C, 2003, [4]Non-conventional power plants Mukherjee.D Chakrabarti.S, 2005, [5]Fundamentals of renewable energy systems, New publishers, New Delhi. Age international limited

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