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= = (tetrahedral)
Na 102
0.523
195 Br
+
= = (octahedral)
K 138
0.708
195 Br
+
= = (octahedral)
Rb 148
0.759
195 Br
+
= = (Body centered)
Cs 170
0.872
195 Br
+
= = (Body centered)
9. For close packed AB type solid
r
0.414 0.732
r
+
=
Minimum value of
r 75
r 102.5 pm
0.732 0.732
+
= = =
Solid State Page 9
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Maximum value
r 75
r 181.2 pm
0.414 0.414
+
= = =
10. (a) In a body centered cubic lattice oppositely charged ions touch each other along
the cross - diagonal of the cube. Hence, we can write,
3a 3
2r 2r 3a, r r (387pm) 335.15pm
2 2
(b) Now, since r 181pm,
+ +
+ = + = = =
=
wehaver (335.15 181)pm 154.15pm.
+
= =
11. As we know
=
m
3
A
n M
N a
,
(a) for fcc structure
4r = 2 a
a =2 2 r
= 2 2 130 pm = 367.64 pm
(b) volume of unit cell = a
3
=
( )
3
10
367.64 10 cm
= 4.968 10
23
cm
3
(c) n = 4
(d) =
23 8 3 3
4 63.54
6.023 10 (3.67 10 cm )
= 8.54 gm / cm
3
12. From equation
(density) = 3.35 gm/cm
3
a = 4.80
Mm of CaO = (40 + 16) gm = 56 gm CaO
=
m
3
A
n M
a N
= 3.98
or n ~ 4
So, 4-molecules of CaO are present in 1 unit cell
So, no. of Ca
+ +
ion = 4
No. of O
ion = 4
So, cubic system is fcc type.
13. fcc unit cell length = 3.5
bcc unit cell length = 3.0
Density in fcc =
1
1
n atomic weight
V Avogadro number
Density in bcc =
2
2
n atomic weight
V Avogardro number
fcc 1 2
bcc 2 1
D n V
D n V
=
n1 for fcc = 4; Also V1 = a
3
= (3.5 10
8
)
3
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n2 for bcc = 2; Also V2 = a
3
= (3.0 10
8
)
3
8 3
fcc
8 3
bcc
D 4 (3 10 )
D 2 (3.5 10 )
=
= 1.259
14. In face centred cubic arrangement face diagonal is four times the radius of atoms face
diagonal = 4128 = 512 pm
Face diagonal = 2 edge lengh
Edge length =
512
362 pm
2
= = 36210
-10
cm
Volume of the unit cell = (36210
-10
)
3
cm
3
= 47.410
-24
cm
3
In a face centred cubic unit cell, there are four atoms per unit cell
Mass of unit cell =
22
23
4 63.5
g 4.22 10 g
6.023 10
Density =
22
3
24
massof unit cell 4.22 10
8.9 gcm
volume of unit cell 47.4 10
= =
15. Applying Braggs equation
2 d Sinu = n
Given u = 11.29, = 1.54A = 1.5410
-8
cm
n = 1
d =
8 8
8
1.54 10 1.54 10
3.93 10 cm
2 Sin11.29 2 0.1957
= =
hkl
2 2 2
a
d a
h k l
= =
+ +
a = 3.9310
-8
cm (length of the unit cell)
16. Given = 0.134 nm, u = 10.5
n = 1
Applying Braggs equation
2d Sinu = n
d =
o
n 1 0.134 0.134
3.68 A
Sin 2 Sin10.5 2 0.1822
= = =
2 u
17. Silicon doped with Al produces P type semi conductors i.e. flow is due to creation of
positive holes whereas silicon doped with P produces n type semi conductors i.e. flow
is due to extra electrons carrying negative charge.
18. The ratio less that 2:1 in Cu2O show that some cuprous (Cu
+
) ions have been replaced
by cupric (Cu
+2
) ions. To maintain electrical neutrality, every two Cu
+
ions will be
replaced by one Cu
+2
ion. Thereby creating a hole. As conduction will be due to presence
of these positive holes, hence it is a p type semi conductor.
19. (i) Ge is group 14 element and In is group 13 element. Hence an electron deficient
hole is created and therefore, it is p type.
(ii) B is group 13 elements and Si is group 14 elements, there will be a free
electron. Henc, it is n type
20. Doping of NaCl with 10
-3
mol% SrCl2 means that 100 moles of NaCl are doped with
10
-3
mol of SrCl2
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1 mole of NaCl is doped with SrCl2 =
3
5
10
mole 10 mole
100
=
As each Sr
+2
ion creates one cation vacancy, therefore concentration of cation vacancies
= 10
-5
mol / mol of NaCl =10
-5
6.02310
23
= 6.02310
18
mol
-1
21. 15.05%
22. 136. 6 pm to 241.5 pm
23. Face-centered
24. 4 ions of each type and FCC
25. FCC 8.59 g cm
_3
and 7.88 g per cm
_3
26. 0.406 nm
27. 0.25%
28. 313.9 pm ; 222.0 pm ; 181.2 pm
29. 450 pm
30. 1.81 A
Answers:
1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. B 6. a 7. d 8. a 9. a 10. B 11. a 12. d
13. a 14. A 15. a 16. d 17. c 18. b 19. A 20. a 21. C 22. b 23. d 24. B
25. b 26. a 27. d 28. A 29. c 30. c 31. a 32. B 33. a 34. b 35. a 36. c
37. D 38. (B, C) 39. (A, B, C, D) 40. (C)