"r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef

-1- -2-
(pmrsufESm 21-rSpí pmtky)f (pm&Guf 8.5_11 ESifhul;yg)
paeaeY/ /bk&m;jzpfcg? rd*'godkY? pMuma&TzGm;? jzefYcsD
Ak'¨H? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ ylaZrd? ylaZmfyg\/ oGm;í? ig;yg;0*¾D? pHktnDESifh? r[Dwpfaomif;? wdkuftaygif;
"r®H? w&m;awmfjrwfudk/ ylaZrd? ylaZmfyg\/ rS? canmif;uyfvm? ewfjA[®mtm;? 0gqdkvjynfh? paeaeY
oHCH? oHCmawmfjrwfudk/ ylaZrd? ylaZmfyg\/ wGif? a<uUa<uUvQHwuf? "r®pufudk? rdefY>rufaxGjym;?
a[mazmfMum;onf? w&m;ewfpnf &Grf;w,fudk/
aus;Zl;awmf&Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ckepfaeY bk&m;&Sdcdk;ESifh qkawmif; trQa0 t*FgaeY/ /w&m;ewfpnf? aqmf&Grf;vnfu? oHk;rnf
bHkodkuf? wpfaomif;wdkuf0,f? uRwfxdkufool? ewf
Mumoyaw;aeY/ /oHk;vlY&Sifyif? uRefYxdyfwif? aomif;cGif
vl jA[®m? owå0gudk? acrmaomifodkY? azmiful;wdkYjzifh?
pMum0Vm? ewfjA[®mwdkY? nDnm½Hk;pk? awmif;yefrIaMumifh?
aqmifydkYNyD;um? 0gav;q,fhig;? oufum;&Spfq,f?
&wke*dk? &Tef;&Tef;pdkonf? 0gqdkvjynfh? <uufrif;aeY0,f?
pHkjynfh<u,fu? &mav;q,fh&Spf? ouú&mZf0,f? e,frv’m
csrf;ajrhMunfjzL? oaE¨,lonf? ewfvlNidrf;bdkY udef;ygudk/
wdkif;? pHEIdif;r,kwf? ukódEém½Hk? tifMuif;pHkü? uqkefv
aomMumaeY/ /oaE¨,lum? q,fvMumaomf? r[m
jynfh? t*FgaeY0,f? csrf;ajrhedAÁL? pHawmfrlonf? 0Sef;ql
ouú&mZf? ajcmufq,fh&SpfMuHK? uqkefvjynfh? aomMumaeY
aomif;vHk; ausmfw,fudk/
0,f? csrf;ajrhpHkpD? vkrÁdeDü? r[DvdIufql? zGm;awmfrlonf?
we*FaEGaeY/ /edAÁLpHNyD? ½IrtDom;? od*Ða&TavSmf?
ewfvlatmifNrdKU vrf;ygudk/
tavmif;awmfudk? xdka&mfuqkef? vqkwfMuHKí? *VKefaeY
wevFmaeY/ /zGm;jrifajrmufaomf? q,fhajcmufESpf&G,f?
0,f? cdk;aiGUraESm? "mwfawaZmvQif? &SifapmÓPfpuf?
ysKdEke,fü? oHk;oG,fa&Teef;? odrf;jref;NyD;vpf? q,fhoHk;ESpf
"d|mefcsufjzifh? vQHwufaumfa&mf? rD;ylaZmfonf? arGawmf
vQif? bkef;opfvQHvl? pHawmfrlí? &G,frlEkjzdK;? ESpfq,fhudk;
&Spfpdwf <uif;w,fudk/
0,f? av;rsKd;edrdwf? ewfjy[dwfaMumifh? a&TpdwfjiifjidK?
qkawmif;/ /xdkckepfaeY? omcsrf;ajrhudk? aqGUaqGUMunf
oHa0ydku? 0gqdkvjynfh? usm;rif;aeY0,f? csrf;ajrh&*Hk?
jzL? tm½Hk,lvsuf? oHk;vlwdkYewf? jrwfxuf jrwfom;?
awm&yfvHIonf? pHkNrdKifyif&dyf crf;rSmudk/
udk,fawmfzsm;udk? oHk;yg;rSefpGm? 0E´emESifh? o'¨gNzdK;NzdK;?
Ak'¨[l;aeY/ /awm&yfNrdKifay:? ajcmufESpfaysmfí? cgawmf
uRef&Sdcdk;onf? aumif;usKd;cyfodrf; <u,fapaomf/
wyHk? yGihfcsdefMuHKu? uqkefvjynfh? qifrif;aeY0,f? ajrhy&
tqHk;b0? wdkifjyefuvnf;? ynmht&m? bd"r®mESifh?
ar? yv’ifaAGxuf? a&TanmifawmfBuD;? AdwmefxD;ESifh?
aMunmausmfMum;? vltrsm;udk? w&m;pnfBuD;? zdrfhzdrfh
rNiD;MunfjzL? aeawmfrlvsuf? &efjrLcyif;? trdkufoif;udk?
wD;í? rD;q,fhwpfwef? jidrf;&mrSefonf? edAÁmefatmifNrdKU
t&Sif;y,fazsmuf? tvif;aygufu? xGef;awmufbkef;awmf?
a&mufapaomf/ om"k- om"k- om"k/
aomif;vHk;ausmfonf? oHk;azmfvlwdkY Nidrf;ygudk/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-3- -4-

"r®puúyÜ0wåe ( ed'gef; )
ac:
"r®pMumokwfygVdawmf {0H ar okwH- {uH or,H b*0g Am&mPod,H
0d[&wd £odywae rd*'ga,/ wMw acg b*0g
yOö0*¾da, bdu©L tmraEÅod/
earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

( "r®pMumtrTef; )

(u) bdu©LeH yOö0*¾DeH?

£odywe emrau/
rd*'ga, "r®0&H?
,H wH edAÁmeygyuH/ "r®pMumokwf w&m;awmf jrefrmjyef
(c) o[rÜwd emraue?
r[mjAa[®e ,mpdawm/
pwkopöH yumaoaEÅm? ( ed'gef; )
avmuemaxm ta'o,d/
(*) eE´dwH oAÁa'a0[d?
oAÁorÜwådom"uH/ tcgwpfyg;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf
oAÁavmu[dww¬m,? £odywe rd*g0kefawmü ]]oDwif;oHk;}}aeawmfrl\/
"r®puúH bPmr a[/ xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf yOö0*¾D&[ef;wdkYudk ]]"r®
pMumw&m;}} a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-5- -6-

( rrSD0Joifhaom tzdkYtpGef; 2-yg; ) ( rZÑdr y#dy'gESifh ,if;\tusKd; )

a'G ar bdu©a0 tEÅm yAÁZdawe e ao0dwAÁm/ {aw acg bdu©a0 Oabm taEÅ tEky*r®
uwar a'G- rZÑdrm y#dy'g wxm*awe tbdorÁK'¨g pu©Ku&PD
a,m pm,H umarok umrokcv’dumEka,ma*g ÓPu&PD Oyorm, tbdnm, oarÁm"m,
[Daem *ar®m aygxkZÆedaum te&da,m tew¬- edAÁmem, oH0wåwd/
oH[dawm/
a,m pm,H twåudvrxmEka,ma*g 'kau©m
te&da,m tew¬oH[dawm/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
,kwfnHhí &GmolwdkY\tusifhjzpfaom ykxkZOfwdkY\
tavhtusifhomjzpfí t&d,mwdkY\ tavhtusifh &[ef;wdkY þtpGef;ESpfyg;wdkYodkY ruyfa&mufrlí
r[kwfaom tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh rpyf,SOfaom umr jrwfpGmbk&m;onf txl;ojzifh odawmfrltyfaom
*kPfwdkYü umr*kPfcsrf;omudk uyfjidaomtm;jzifh ynmrsufpdudk jyKwwfaom ÓPftjrifudk jyKwwf
tzefwvJvJ vdkufpm;tm;xkwfjcif; vnf;aumif;? aom tv,ftvwfjzpfaom tusifhonf udav
udk,fpdwf\qif;&Jjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom t&d,m om jidrf;&eftvdkYiSmjzpf\? xl;aomÓPfjzifh od&ef
wdkY\tusifhr[kwfaom tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifhrpyf,SOfaom tvdkYiSmjzpf\? opömav;yg;udk od&eftvdkYiSmjzpf\?
udk,fyifyef;rIudk tm;xkwfjcif;vnf;aumif; þ edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyK&eftvdkYiSm jzpf\/
ESpfyg;wdkYwnf;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-7- -8-

t,H acg om bdu©a0 rZÑdrm y#dy'g

uwrm p om bdu©a0 rZÑdrm y#dy'g
wxm*awe tbdorÁK'¨g pu©Ku&PD ÓPu&PD
wxm*awe tbdorÁK'¨g pu©Ku&PD ÓPu&PD
Oyorm, tbdnm, oarÁm"m, edAÁmem,
Oyorm, tbdnm, oarÁm"m, edAÁmem,
oH0wåwd/
oH0wåwd?
£'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©H t&d,opöH?
t,ar0 t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g/
Zmwdyd 'ku©m? Z&myd 'ku©m? Asm"dyd 'kau©m?
ao,sxd'H-
r&PrÜd 'ku©H? tyÜda,[d orÜa,ma*g 'kau©m?
or®m'd|d or®mouFayÜg or®m0gpm or®mur®aEÅm
yda,[d 0dyÜa,ma*g 'kau©m? ,rÜdpäH e vbwd? wrÜd
or®mtmZDa0g or®m0g,marm or®mowd or®morm"d/
'ku©H? oHcdawåe yOöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf txl;ojzifh odawmf

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf txl;ojzifh odawmf
rltyfaom ynmrsufpdudk jyKwwfaom ÓPftjrifudk
rltyfaom ynmrsufpdudk jyKwwfaom ÓPftjrifudk
jyKwwfaom tv,ftvwfjzpfaom þjrwfaom
jyKwwfaom udavomjidrf;jcif;iSm xl;aomÓPfjzifh
tusifhonf udavomjidrf;&eftvdkYiSm jzpf\? xl;aom
odjcif;iSm opömav;yg;udk odjcif;iSm edAÁmefudk rsuf
ÓPfjzifhod&eftvdkYiSmjzpf\? opömav;yg;udk od&ef
arSmuf jyKjcif;iSmjzpfaom xdktv,f tvwfjzpfaom
tvdkYiSmjzpf\? edAÁmefudkrsufarSmufjyK&ef tvdkYiSmjzpf\/
jrwfaom tusifhum; tb,fenf; t*Fg&Spfyg;&Sd
&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,m
aom þt&d,r*fyifwnf;/
wdkY\ trSefw&m;wnf;/ y#doaE¨wnfae&jcif;onf
þonfum; tb,fenf;-
vnf; qif;&J\? tdk&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J\? em&
rSefuefaom tjrif ]or®m'd|d}? rSefuefaom MuHpnfrI
jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J\? ao&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J
]or®ouFyÜ}? rSefuefaom pum; ]or®m0gpm}? rSefuef
\? rcspfaomolwdkYESifh twlae&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J
aom tvkyf ]or®mur®EÅ}? rSefuefaom toufarG;rI
\? vdkcsif&mudkr&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J\? tusOf;
]or®mtmZD0}? rSefuefaom tm;xkwfrI ]or®m0g,mr}?
tm;jzifh pGJvrf;&m tm½Hkjzpfaom cE¨mwdkYonfvnf;
rSefuefaom atmufarhrI ]or®mowd}? rSefuefaom
qif;&Jukef\/
wnfMunfrI ]or®morm"d}wdkYwnf;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-9- -10-

( ork',opöm ) ( eda&m"opöm )

£'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH? £'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH?
,m,H wPSm aygaemAÇ0dum eE´D&m*o[*wm a,m wóma,0 wPSm, taoo0d&m*-
wMwwMwmbdeE´deD/ eda&ma"m pma*g y#dedóa*¾g rkwåd temva,m/
ao,sxd'H- umrwPSm b0wPSm 0db0wPSm/

-jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;

jzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;wnf;/ tMuif
wPSmonf b0opfüjzpfapwwf\? ESpfoufjcif;
wwfrufjcif;ESifhwuGjzpf\? xdkxdktm½Hkü vGefpGm -jrefrmjyef-
ESpfoufwwf\/
&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&J\csKyf&mjzpfaom t&d
xdkwyfrufrIwPSmonf tb,fenf;? umrü ,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;wnf;/ ,if;qif;&J\ csKyfjidrf;&m
wyfrufrI ]umrwPSm}? oów'd|dESifh wuG [lonf xdkwyfrufrI ]wPSm]\omvQif t<uif;rJh
jzpfaom wyfrufrI ]b0wPSm}? Oapä''d|dESifh wuG pGJrufrIuif;aysmufcsKyfjidrf;&m pGefYvTwf&m wpfzefpGefY
jzpfaom wyfrufrI ]0db0wPSm}wdkYwnf;/ y,f&m vGwfajrmuf&m ruyfjid&mjzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-11- -12-

( r*¾opöm ) ( 'ku©opömü opöÓPf )

£'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g ]]£'H 'ku©H t&d,opö}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ
t&d,opöH? teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH
t,ar0 t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g/ O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum
ao,sxd'H- O'yg'd/
or®m'd|d or®mouFayÜg or®m0gpm or®mur®aEÅm
or®mtmZDa0g or®m0g,marm or®mowd or®m
orm"d/

-jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&J\csKyf&m ]edAÁmef}

a&mufaMumif;tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSef -jrefrmjyef-
w&m;wnf;/ þt&d,mr*fonf t*Fg&Spfyg;&Sd\?
t*Fg&Spfyg;[lonfum; rSefuefaom tjrif]or®m'd|d}? &[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,m
rSefuefaom MuHpnfrI ]or®mouFyÜ}? rSefuefaom wdkY\ trSefw&m;rnf\}} [k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u
pum; ]or®m0gpm}? rSefuefaom tvkyf ]or®mur®EÅ}? rMum;zl;ukefaom ('ku©opöm) w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm;
rSefuefaom toufarG;rI ]or®mtmZD0}? rSefuefaom ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif
tm;xkwfrI ]or®m0g,mr}? rSefuefaom atmufarhrI &Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf
]or®mowd}? rSefuefaom wnfMunfrI ]or®morm"d} xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf
wdkYwnf;/ xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-13- -14-

( 'ku©opömü udpöÓPf ) ( 'ku©opömü uwÓPf )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©H t&d,opöH y&dan,s}}EÅd ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©H t&d,opöH y&dnmw}}EÅd
ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK
O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm
O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m; &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSef

udk ydkif;jcm;í odxdkuf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u
(rMum;zl;ukefaom 'ku©opömw&m;wdkYü) igbk&m;tm;
ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynm
onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;íodaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}
onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
w&m;udk ydkif;jcm;íodcJhNyD}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u
rMum;zl;ukefaom ('ku©opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm;
ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif
&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-15- -16-

( ork',opömü opöÓPf ) ( ork',opömü udpöÓPf )

]]£'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opö}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH

ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH y[mwAÁ}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok
O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm
O'yg'd/ O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif; &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom t&d

jzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;rnf\}}[k (bk&m;- ,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk y,ftyf\}}[k (bk&m;-
rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (ork',opöm)w&m; rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (ork',opöm)w&m;
wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwf todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwf
aom ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í aom ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í
odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mif odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mif
onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-17- -18-

( ork',opömü uwÓPf ) ( eda&m"opömü opöÓPf )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH ]]£'H 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opö}}EÅd ar bdu©a0

y[De}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH
pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum
O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom t&d &[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&J\ csKyf&mjzpfaom

,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk y,fNyD;NyD}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;rnf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)
a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (ork',opöm) w&m;wdkYü a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (eda&m"opöm) w&m;wdkYü
igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod
ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom
ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom
ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-19- -20-

( eda&m"opömü udpöÓPf ) ( eda&m"opömü uwÓPf )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH
opädumwAÁ}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok opäduw}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok
"ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm
O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&J\ csKkyf&mjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&J\ csKkyf&mjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\

trSefw&m;udk rsufarSmufjyKtyf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) trSefw&m;udk rsufarSmufjyKNyD;NyD}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)
a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (eda&m"opöm) w&m;wdkYü a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (eda&m"opöm) w&m;wdkYü
igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod
ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom
ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom
ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-21- -22-

( r*¾opömü opöÓPf ) ( r*¾opömü udpöÓPf )

]]£'H 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g t&d,opö}}EÅd ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g t&d,opöH
ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK bma0wAÁ}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok
O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd?
tmavmaum O'yg'd/ 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&J\csKyf&m ]edAÁmef} &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&JcsKyf&m ]edAÁmef}odkY a&mufaMumif;

a&mufaMumif; tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSef tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk yGm;rsm;
w&m;rnf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukef tyf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom
aom (r*¾opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpd (r*¾opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf
onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;
tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf xif&Sm; tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;íodaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm; xdk;xGif;íodaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-23- -24-

( r*¾opömü uwÓPf ) ( bk&m;tjzpf 0efrcHawmfrlcJhao;yHk )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g t&d,opöH ,m0uD0Oö ar bdu©a0 £arok pwlok
bm0dw}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok t&d,oapöok {0H wdy&d0¥H 'Gg'omum&H ,xmblwH
pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm ÓP'óeH e ok0dok'¨H ta[mod/
O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ ae0 wm0g[H bdu©a0 oa'0au avmau
orm&au ojA[®au oórPjAm[®Pd,m yZm,
oa'0rEkóm, ]]tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbd-
orÁKa'¨g}} wd ypönmoð/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&JcsKyf&m ]edAÁmef}odkY a&mufaMumif; &[ef;wdkY ]]þt&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;av;yg;wdkYü

tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk yGm;rsm; þodkY oHk;yg;aomtjyef wpfq,fhESpfyg;aom tjcif;
NyD;NyD}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom t&m&Sdaom rSefuefaomÓPftjrif rpifMu,fao;
(r*¾opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf orQ umvywfvHk; igonf ewf rm&fewf jA[®m
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym; ESifhwuGaom ewfavmuESifh orP jA[®P rif;rsm;
tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom vlYavmuü twkr&Sdaom tvHk;
xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ pHkaomw&m;wdkYudk ukd,fwdkifrSefpGmodaom (t&[wår*f)
tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ ÓPfudk odNyD[k 0efrcHcJhacs/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-25- -26-

( bk&m;tjzpf 0efcHawmfrlyHk ) ( ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifh odjrifyHk )

,awm p acg ar bdu©a0 £arok pwlok ÓPOö ye ar 'óeH O'yg'd? tukyÜg ar

t&d,oapöok {0H wdy&d0¥H 'Gg'omum&H ,xmblwH 0drkwåd? t,rEÅdrm Zmwd? ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0gwd/
ÓP'óeH ok0dok'¨H ta[mod/
txm[H bdu©a0 oa'0au avmau ( yOö0*¾DwdkYw&m;ESpfoufMuyHk )
orm&au ojA[®au oórPjAm[®Pd,m yZm,
oa'0rEkóm, ]]tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbd- £'ra0gp b*0g? twårem yOö0*¾d,m bdu©L
orÁKa'¨g}}wd ypönmoð/ b*0awm bmodwH tbdeE´KEÅd/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
&[ef;wdkY ]]þt&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;av;yg;wdkYü
þodkY oHk;yg;aom tjyef wpfq,fhESpfyg;aom ig\ (udavomwdkYrS) vGwfajrmufrIonf rysuf
tjcif;t&m&Sdaom rSefuefaomÓPftjrifonf pif pD;EdkifNyD? þum; tqHk;pGefaomb0wnf;? ,cktcg
Mu,fvmaomtcgüomvQif igonf ewf rm&fewf b0opfü jzpfjcif;r&SdawmhNyD[k ightm; ypö0u©Pm
jA[®mESifhwuGaom ewfavmuESifh orP jA[®P ÓPftjrifonf jzpfay:vm\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
rif;rsm; vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom vlYavmuü twkr&Sd þpum;udkrdefYawmfrl\? yOö0*¾Dig;yg; &[ef;wdkYonf
aom tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkYudk ukd,fwdkifrSefpGmodaom ESpfvdkukefonfjzpfí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk
(t&[wår*f)ÓPfudk odNyD[k0efcHcJh\/ 0rf;ajrmufpGm cH,lMuavukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-27- -28-

(t&Sifaum@n w&m;xl;&yHk) ( ewfjA[®mwdkY aumif;csD;ay;yHk )

£ro®ð p ye a0,smu&Po®ð bnrmae y0wådaw p ye b*0wm "r®pauú bkr®m

tm,o®awm aum@nó 0d&ZH 0DwrvH "r®pu©KH a'0g o'´ rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mP-
O'yg'd]],HudOöd ork',"r®H? oAÁH wH eda&m""r®}}EÅd/ od,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH
y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g
a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g
avmuo®d}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef-

-jrefrmjyef- þodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk

a[mawmfrlonf&Sdaomf ]]Am&mPoDjynf £odywe
þ*gxmrzuf oufoufaom a'oemawmfudk rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP jA[®P ewf
a[mawmfrlonf&Sdaomf toQifaum@ntm; ]]jzpfjcif; rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ra[mEdkifaom
oabm&Sdaom w&m;tvHk;pHkonfcsKyfjcif; oabm&Sd twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk a[mawmfrl
\}}[k (udavom)jrL tnpftaMu;uif;aom w&m; \}}[k bkr®pdk;ewfwdkYonf aumif;csD;ay;oHudk tqifh
rsufpd ]aomwmywådr*fÓPf}onf jzpfay:vm\/ qifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-29- -30-

bkr®meH a'0geH o'´H okwGm pmwkr[m&mZdum pmwkr[m&mZdumeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm

a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H wm0wðom a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm
£odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH Am&mPod,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH
tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g
0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/ a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g
avmuo®d}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

bkr®pdk;ewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í pmwkr[m pmwkr[m&mZfewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í

&mZfewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf wm0wðomewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mP
£odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP oDjynf £odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü
jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ orP jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,muf
ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk rQ ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmf
a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/ udk a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-31- -32-

wm0wðomeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm ,mrm ,mrmeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm wkodwm a'0g
a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H
£odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH
tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e
0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/ 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

wm0wðomewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í ,mrmewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í wkodwm

,mrmewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
jynf £odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP
jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk
a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
Am&mPoD ewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf
£odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP jA[®P
ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ra[mEdkif
aom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk a[m
awmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-33- -34-

wkodwmeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm edr®me&wD a'0g edr®me&wDeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm y&edr®dw-
o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H 0o0wåD a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm
£odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH Am&mPod,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH
tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g
0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/ a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g
avmuo®d}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

wkodwmewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í edr®me- edr®me&wDewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í y&-

&wDewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf edr®dw0o0wåDewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&m-
£odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP PoDjynf £odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü
jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ orP jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,muf
ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk rQ ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;
a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/ udk a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-35- -36-

y&edr®dw0o0wåDeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm ( ajrivsifvIyfjcif;? ta&miftvif;jzpfay:jcif; )

jA[®um,dum a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm
Am&mPod,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH t,Oö 'oo[ódavmu"mwk oHurÜd
y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g orÜurÜd orÜa0"d/
a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g tyÜrmaPm p OVma&m Mobmaom avmau
avmuo®d}}EÅd/ ygwk&a[mod twduúr® a'0geH a'0gEkbm0EÅd/
£wd[ awe caPe awe va,e awe
rk[kawåe ,m0 jA[®avmum oa'´g tAÇK*¾päd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

y&edr®dw0o0wåDewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudkMum;í þodkYvQif xdktcsdef xdktcg xdkumvwGif tued|

]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf £odywe jA[®mhjynfwdkifatmif aumif;csD;oHonf jyefYESHYíwuf
rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP jA[®P ewf \? þwpfaomif;aom avmu"mwfonfvnf;
rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ra[mEdkifaom wkefvIyf\? jyif;pGmwkefvIyf\? xuf0ef;usif wkef
twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk a[mawmfrl vIyf\? twdkif;t&Snfr&Sd BuD;rm;aom ta&mif
\}}[k jA[®mwdkYonf aumif;csD;ay;oHudk tqifhqifh tvif;onfvnf; avmuü ewfwdkY\ tmEkabmf
a<u;aMumfukef\/ udk ausmfvGefí xif&Sm;jzpfay:\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-37- -38-

( jrwfpGmbk&m; O'gef;usL;awmfrlyHk ) ( t&Sifaum@n &[ef;tjzpf avQmufawmif;yHk )

tx acg b*0g £rH O'geH O'gaeod ]]tnmod tx acg tm,o®m tnmodaum@anm

0wabm aum@anm? tnmod 0w abm 'd|"ar®m ywå"ar®m 0d'dw"ar®m y&da,m*gVS"ar®m
aum@anm}} wd/ wdPÖ0dpdudapäm 0d*wuxHuaxm a0om&ZÆyÜawåm
£wd [d'H tm,o®awm aum@nó ty&yÜpöa,m ow¬Komoae b*0EÅH {w'a0gp
]]tnmod aum@anm}} awG0 emrH ta[moDwd/ ]]vab,sm[H baEÅ b*0awm oEÅdau yAÁZÆH?
vab,sH OyorÜ'}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef-

xdktcg t&Sifaum@nonf odjriftyfNyD;w&m;?

-jrefrmjyef- a&muftyfNyD;aomw&m;? txift&Sm;odtyfNyD;aom
w&m; xuf0ef;usif ouf0ifí odtyfNyD;aomw&m;
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]&[ef;wdkY aum@nonf &Sdvmawmh ,HkrSm; oHo,pdwfawGudk ausmfvGefcJhNyDrdkY/
opömav;yg;w&m;udk odavjyDwum;? &[ef;wdkY odkYavm odkYavmeJY awG;awmrIawGvJuif;í bk&m;&Sif
aum@nonf opömav;yg;w&m;udk odavjyDwum;}} omoemrSm todÓPfeJY &J&ifhjcif;odkYvJa&mufvdkY
[k þO'gef;udk usL;&ifhawmfrl\/ þO'gef;udk usL; bk&m;&Sifudk-
&ifh awmfrlaomaMumifhomvQif toQifaum@ntm; ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;? wynfhawmf jrwfpGmbk&m;txH
]tnmodaum@n}[líom trnfwGifav\/ awmfrSm &[ef;tjzpfudk &vdkygonf}} t&Sifbk&m;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-39- -40-

Ak'¨rdefYrSm udk,fcsif;pm
( {[dbdu©K &[ef;jzpfyHk )
olYtouftm; owfvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
]]{[d bdu©L}} wd b*0g ta0gp ]]oGmu©mawm olYOpömrsm; cdk;vdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
"ar®m? p& jA[®p&d,H or®m 'ku©ó tEÅud&d,m,m}} olYom;r,m; rSm;vdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
wd/ rrSefpum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
om0 wó tm,o®awm OyorÜ'g ta[moDwd/ *Hk;acsmpum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
½dkif;jypum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
"r®puúyÜ0wåeokwåH ed|dwH/ usKd;rJhpum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
udk,fcsif;pmw&m; ckESpfyg; a[mMum;jrwfAk'¨g?
vdkufemusifhvQif rsufarSmufwGif aysmf&Tifcsrf;om&m?
aojyefvQifvnf; rSefrvGJ &NrJewfcsrf;om?
csrf;omudk&Sm rsm;olig vdkufemusifhtyfpGm/

-jrefrmjyef- tvdkawmfjynfh qkawmif;trQa0

tvdkjynfh&ef? qE´rGefjzifh? tvdkjynfhaMumif;? qkrGefawmif;í?

]]&[ef;vmcJhavmh}} igbk&m; w&m;awmfudk taumif; ESpfaxmif;o'¨g? apwemjzifh? "r®pMum a'oemudk? ylaZmfyg&?
qHk; a[mxm;w,f/ 0#f'ku©tqHk;owfzdkY&m jrwfwJh ukovaMumifh? av;0tyg,f? oHk;oG,faomuyf? &yfjypf
tusifhudk usifhvSnfhavmhvdkY jrwfAk'¨u {[dbdu©K &Spfwef? ig;wef&efol? ab;[lorQ? rawGU&bJ? qif;&Jr&Sd?
tjzpf ac:awmfrlavonf/ t&Siftnmodaum@n aAm"dokc? trwedAÁmef? ae&AmefodkY? vsifjrefxkwfacsmuf?
onf &[ef;tjzpfodkY &&SdoGm;avonf/ a&mufapaomf/
MunfjzLo'¨g? apwemjzifh? aumif;pGmaxmuf½I? aumif;csD;
jyKí? xkwdaumfa&mf? ylaZmfjrwfEdk;? þaumif;usKd;udk? ajrrdk;
"r®pMumokwf w&m;awmf jrefrmjyef jyD;ygNyD/
atmufxuf? ESHYvsufpMu0Vm? zDvmxkwfcsif;? r<uif;&ap?
trQa0onf? oaAÁowåm? owå0gwdkY? bm0emur®|mef;? pD;jzef;
vHkYv? þyknudk? trQ trQ trQ? ,lawmfrlMuygukefavmh/

om"k...... om"k.......om"k/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-40- -1-

Ak'¨rdefYrSm udk,fcsif;pm
Ak'¨H? jrwfpGmbk&m;udk/ ylaZrd? ylaZmfyg\/
olYtouftm; owfvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
"r®H? w&m;awmfjrwfudk/ ylaZrd? ylaZmfyg\/
olYOpömrsm; cdk;vdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
oHCH? oHCmawmfjrwfudk/ ylaZrd? ylaZmfyg\/
olYom;r,m; rSm;vdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
rrSefpum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
aus;Zl;awmf&Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ckepfaeY bk&m;&Sdcdk;ESifh qkawmif; trQa0
*Hk;acsmpum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm?
½dkif;jypum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm? Mumoyaw;aeY/ /oHk;vlY&Sifyif? uRefYxdyfwif? aomif;cGif
usKd;rJhpum; ajymvdkjim; pOf;pm;udk,fcsif;pm? pMum0Vm? ewfjA[®mwdkY? nDnm½Hk;pk? awmif;yefrIaMumifh?
udk,fcsif;pmw&m; ckESpfyg; a[mMum;jrwfAk'¨g? &wke*dk? &Tef;&Tef;pdkonf? 0gqdkvjynfh? <uufrif;aeY0,f?
vdkufemusifhvQif rsufarSmufwGif aysmf&Tifcsrf;om&m? csrf;ajrhMunfjzL? oaE¨,lonf? ewfvlNidrf;bdkY udef;ygudk/
aojyefvQifvnf; rSefrvGJ &NrJewfcsrf;om? aomMumaeY/ /oaE¨,lum? q,fvMumaomf? r[m
csrf;omudk&Sm rsm;olig vdkufemusifhtyfpGm/ ouú&mZf? ajcmufq,fh&SpfMuHK? uqkefvjynfh? aomMumaeY
0,f? csrf;ajrhpHkpD? vkrÁdeDü? r[DvdIufql? zGm;awmfrlonf?
tvdkawmfjynfh qkawmif;trQa0 ewfvlatmifNrdKU vrf;ygudk/
wevFmaeY/ /zGm;jrifajrmufaomf? q,fhajcmufESpf&G,f?
tvdkjynfh&ef? qE´rGefjzifh? tvdkjynfhaMumif;? qkrGefawmif;í?
ESpfaxmif;o'¨g? apwemjzifh? "r®pMum a'oemudk? ylaZmfyg&?
ysKdEke,fü? oHk;oG,fa&Teef;? odrf;jref;NyD;vpf? q,fhoHk;ESpf
ukovaMumifh? av;0tyg,f? oHk;oG,faomuyf? &yfjypf vQif? bkef;opfvQHvl? pHawmfrlí? &G,frlEkjzdK;? ESpfq,fhudk;
&Spfwef? ig;wef&efol? ab;[lorQ? rawGU&bJ? qif;&Jr&Sd? 0,f? av;rsKd;edrdwf? ewfjy[dwfaMumifh? a&TpdwfjiifjidK?
aAm"dokc? trwedAÁmef? ae&AmefodkY? vsifjrefxkwfacsmuf? oHa0ydku? 0gqdkvjynfh? usm;rif;aeY0,f? csrf;ajrh&*Hk?
a&mufapaomf/ awm&yfvHIonf? pHkNrdKifyif&dyf crf;rSmudk/
MunfjzLo'¨g? apwemjzifh? aumif;pGmaxmuf½I? aumif;csD; Ak'¨[l;aeY/ /awm&yfNrdKifay:? ajcmufESpfaysmfí? cgawmf
jyKí? xkwdaumfa&mf? ylaZmfjrwfEdk;? þaumif;usKd;udk? ajrrdk; wyHk? yGihfcsdefMuHKu? uqkefvjynfh? qifrif;aeY0,f? ajrhy&
atmufxuf? ESHYvsufpMu0Vm? zDvmxkwfcsif;? r<uif;&ap? ar? yv’ifaAGxuf? a&TanmifawmfBuD;? AdwmefxD;ESifh?
trQa0onf? oaAÁowåm? owå0gwdkY? bm0emur®|mef;? pD;jzef; rNiD;MunfjzL? aeawmfrlvsuf? &efjrLcyif;? trdkufoif;udk?
vHkYv? þyknudk? trQ trQ trQ? ,lawmfrlMuygukefavmh/
t&Sif;y,fazsmuf? tvif;aygufu? xGef;awmufbkef;awmf?
om"k...... om"k.......om"k/ aomif;vHk;ausmfonf? oHk;azmfvlwdkY Nidrf;ygudk/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-2- -39-

paeaeY/ /bk&m;jzpfcg? rd*'godkY? pMuma&TzGm;? jzefYcsD

( {[dbdu©K &[ef;jzpfyHk )
oGm;í? ig;yg;0*¾D? pHktnDESifh? r[Dwpfaomif;? wdkuftaygif;
rS? canmif;uyfvm? ewfjA[®mtm;? 0gqdkvjynfh? paeaeY
]]{[d bdu©L}} wd b*0g ta0gp ]]oGmu©mawm
wGif? a<uUa<uUvQHwuf? "r®pufudk? rdefY>rufaxGjym;?
"ar®m? p& jA[®p&d,H or®m 'ku©ó tEÅud&d,m,m}}
a[mazmfMum;onf? w&m;ewfpnf &Grf;w,fudk/
t*FgaeY/ /w&m;ewfpnf? aqmf&Grf;vnfu? oHk;rnf
wd/
bHkodkuf? wpfaomif;wdkuf0,f? uRwfxdkufool? ewf om0 wó tm,o®awm OyorÜ'g ta[moDwd/
vl jA[®m? owå0gudk? acrmaomifodkY? azmiful;wdkYjzifh?
aqmifydkYNyD;um? 0gav;q,fhig;? oufum;&Spfq,f? "r®puúyÜ0wåeokwåH ed|dwH/
pHkjynfh<u,fu? &mav;q,fh&Spf? ouú&mZf0,f? e,frv’m
wdkif;? pHEIdif;r,kwf? ukódEém½Hk? tifMuif;pHkü? uqkefv
jynfh? t*FgaeY0,f? csrf;ajrhedAÁL? pHawmfrlonf? 0Sef;ql
aomif;vHk; ausmfw,fudk/
we*FaEGaeY/ /edAÁLpHNyD? ½IrtDom;? od*Ða&TavSmf? -jrefrmjyef-
tavmif;awmfudk? xdka&mfuqkef? vqkwfMuHKí? *VKefaeY
0,f? cdk;aiGUraESm? "mwfawaZmvQif? &SifapmÓPfpuf?
]]&[ef;vmcJhavmh}} igbk&m; w&m;awmfudk taumif;
"d|mefcsufjzifh? vQHwufaumfa&mf? rD;ylaZmfonf? arGawmf
qHk; a[mxm;w,f/ 0#f'ku©tqHk;owfzdkY&m jrwfwJh
&Spfpdwf <uif;w,fudk/
tusifhudk usifhvSnfhavmhvdkY jrwfAk'¨u {[dbdu©K
qkawmif;/ /xdkckepfaeY? omcsrf;ajrhudk? aqGUaqGUMunf
jzL? tm½Hk,lvsuf? oHk;vlwdkYewf? jrwfxuf jrwfom;?
tjzpf ac:awmfrlavonf/ t&Siftnmodaum@n
udk,fawmfzsm;udk? oHk;yg;rSefpGm? 0E´emESifh? o'¨gNzdK;NzdK;? onf &[ef;tjzpfodkY &&SdoGm;avonf/
uRef&Sdcdk;onf? aumif;usKd;cyfodrf; <u,fapaomf/
tqHk;b0? wdkifjyefuvnf;? ynmht&m? bd"r®mESifh? "r®pMumokwf w&m;awmf jrefrmjyef jyD;ygNyD/

aMunmausmfMum;? vltrsm;udk? w&m;pnfBuD;? zdrfhzdrfh

wD;í? rD;q,fhwpfwef? jidrf;&mrSefonf? edAÁmefatmifNrdKU
a&mufapaomf/ om"k- om"k- om"k/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-38- -3-

( t&Sifaum@n &[ef;tjzpf avQmufawmif;yHk ) "r®puúyÜ0wåe

ac:
tx acg tm,o®m tnmodaum@anm "r®pMumokwfygVdawmf
'd|"ar®m ywå"ar®m 0d'dw"ar®m y&da,m*gVS"ar®m
wdPÖ0dpdudapäm 0d*wuxHuaxm a0om&ZÆyÜawåm
ty&yÜpöa,m ow¬Komoae b*0EÅH {w'a0gp earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/
]]vab,sm[H baEÅ b*0awm oEÅdau yAÁZÆH?
vab,sH OyorÜ'}}EÅd/
( "r®pMumtrTef; )

(u) bdu©LeH yOö0*¾DeH?

£odywe emrau/
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,H wH edAÁmeygyuH/
xdktcg t&Sifaum@nonf odjriftyfNyD;w&m;? (c) o[rÜwd emraue?
a&muftyfNyD;aomw&m;? txift&Sm;odtyfNyD;aom r[mjAa[®e ,mpdawm/
w&m; xuf0ef;usif ouf0ifí odtyfNyD;aomw&m; pwkopöH yumaoaEÅm?
&Sdvmawmh ,HkrSm; oHo,pdwfawGudk ausmfvGefcJhNyDrdkY/ avmuemaxm ta'o,d/
odkYavm odkYavmeJY awG;awmrIawGvJuif;í bk&m;&Sif (*) eE´dwH oAÁa'a0[d?
omoemrSm todÓPfeJY &J&ifhjcif;odkYvJa&mufvdkY oAÁorÜwådom"uH/
bk&m;&Sifudk- oAÁavmu[dww¬m,?
]]jrwfpGmbk&m;? wynfhawmf jrwfpGmbk&m;txH "r®puúH bPmr a[/
awmfrSm &[ef;tjzpfudk &vdkygonf}} t&Sifbk&m;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-4- -37-

( ed'gef; ) ( jrwfpGmbk&m; O'gef;usL;awmfrlyHk )

{0H ar okwH- {uH or,H b*0g Am&mPod,H tx acg b*0g £rH O'geH O'gaeod ]]tnmod
0d[&wd £odywae rd*'ga,/ wMw acg b*0g 0wabm aum@anm? tnmod 0w abm
yOö0*¾da, bdu©L tmraEÅod/ aum@anm}} wd/
£wd [d'H tm,o®awm aum@nó
]]tnmod aum@anm}} awG0 emrH ta[moDwd/

"r®pMumokwf w&m;awmf jrefrmjyef

-jrefrmjyef-
( ed'gef; )
xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ]]&[ef;wdkY aum@nonf
opömav;yg;w&m;udk odavjyDwum;? &[ef;wdkY
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£odywe rd*g0kefawmü ]]oDwif;oHk;}}aeawmfrl\/ [k þO'gef;udk usL;&ifhawmfrl\/ þO'gef;udk usL;
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pMumw&m;}} a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ ]tnmodaum@n}[líom trnfwGifav\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-36- -5-

( ajrivsifvIyfjcif;? ta&miftvif;jzpfay:jcif; ) ( rrSD0Joifhaom tzdkYtpGef; 2-yg; )

t,Oö 'oo[ódavmu"mwk oHurÜd a'G ar bdu©a0 tEÅm yAÁZdawe e ao0dwAÁm/

orÜurÜd orÜa0"d/ uwar a'G-
tyÜrmaPm p OVma&m Mobmaom avmau a,m pm,H umarok umrokcv’dumEka,ma*g
ygwk&a[mod twduúr® a'0geH a'0gEkbm0EÅd/ [Daem *ar®m aygxkZÆedaum te&da,m tew¬-
oH[dawm/
a,m pm,H twåudvrxmEka,ma*g 'kau©m
te&da,m tew¬oH[dawm/

-jrefrmjyef-
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þodkYvQif xdktcsdef xdktcg xdkumvwGif tued| tavhtusifhomjzpfí t&d,mwdkY\ tavhtusifh
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\? þwpfaomif;aom avmu"mwfonfvnf; *kPfwdkYü umr*kPfcsrf;omudk uyfjidaomtm;jzifh
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udk ausmfvGefí xif&Sm;jzpfay:\/ udk,fyifyef;rIudk tm;xkwfjcif;vnf;aumif; þ
ESpfyg;wdkYwnf;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-6- -35-

( rZÑdr y#dy'gESifh ,if;\tusKd; ) y&edr®dw0o0wåDeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm

jA[®um,dum a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm
{aw acg bdu©a0 Oabm taEÅ tEky*r® Am&mPod,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH
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£wd[ awe caPe awe va,e awe
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jrwfpGmbk&m;onf txl;ojzifh odawmfrltyfaom ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf £odywe
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edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyK&eftvdkYiSm jzpf\/ a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-34- -7-

edr®me&wDeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm y&edr®dw- uwrm p om bdu©a0 rZÑdrm y#dy'g

0o0wåD a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm wxm*awe tbdorÁK'¨g pu©Ku&PD ÓPu&PD
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y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g oH0wåwd?
a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g t,ar0 t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g/
avmuo®d}}EÅd/ ao,sxd'H-
or®m'd|d or®mouFayÜg or®m0gpm or®mur®aEÅm
or®mtmZDa0g or®m0g,marm or®mowd or®morm"d/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf txl;ojzifh odawmf

rltyfaom ynmrsufpdudk jyKwwfaom ÓPftjrifudk
jyKwwfaom udavomjidrf;jcif;iSm xl;aomÓPfjzifh
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arSmuf jyKjcif;iSmjzpfaom xdktv,f tvwfjzpfaom
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aom þt&d,r*fyifwnf;/
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 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-8- -33-

t,H acg om bdu©a0 rZÑdrm y#dy'g

wkodwmeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm edr®me&wD a'0g
wxm*awe tbdorÁK'¨g pu©Ku&PD ÓPu&PD
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r&PrÜd 'ku©H? tyÜda,[d orÜa,ma*g 'kau©m?
yda,[d 0dyÜa,ma*g 'kau©m? ,rÜdpäH e vbwd? wrÜd
'ku©H? oHcdawåe yOöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/

&[ef;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf txl;ojzifh odawmf

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jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J\? ao&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J
£odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP
\? rcspfaomolwdkYESifh twlae&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J
jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
\? vdkcsif&mudkr&jcif;onfvnf; qif;&J\? tusOf;
ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk
tm;jzifh pGJvrf;&m tm½Hkjzpfaom cE¨mwdkYonfvnf;
a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
qif;&Jukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-32- -9-

,mrmeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm wkodwm a'0g ( ork',opöm )

o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H
£odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH £'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH?
tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e ,m,H wPSm aygaemAÇ0dum eE´D&m*o[*wm
0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/ wMwwMwmbdeE´deD/
ao,sxd'H- umrwPSm b0wPSm 0db0wPSm/

-jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;

jzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;wnf;/ tMuif
-jrefrmjyef- wPSmonf b0opfüjzpfapwwf\? ESpfoufjcif;
wwfrufjcif;ESifhwuGjzpf\? xdkxdktm½Hkü vGefpGm
,mrmewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í wkodwm ESpfoufwwf\/
ewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf
£odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP jA[®P xdkwyfrufrIwPSmonf tb,fenf;? umrü
ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ra[mEdkif wyfrufrI ]umrwPSm}? oów'd|dESifh wuG
aom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk a[m jzpfaom wyfrufrI ]b0wPSm}? Oapä''d|dESifh wuG
awmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/ jzpfaom wyfrufrI ]0db0wPSm}wdkYwnf;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-10- -31-

( eda&m"opöm ) wm0wðomeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm ,mrm

a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H
£'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH? £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH
a,m wóma,0 wPSm, taoo0d&m*- tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e
eda&ma"m pma*g y#dedóa*¾g rkwåd temva,m/ 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
wm0wðomewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í
&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&J\csKyf&mjzpfaom t&d ,mrmewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoD
,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;wnf;/ ,if;qif;&J\ csKyfjidrf;&m jynf £odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP
[lonf xdkwyfrufrI ]wPSm]\omvQif t<uif;rJh jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
pGJrufrIuif;aysmufcsKyfjidrf;&m pGefYvTwf&m wpfzefpGefY ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk
y,f&m vGwfajrmuf&m ruyfjid&mjzpf\/ a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-30- -11-

pmwkr[m&mZdumeH a'0geH o'´H okwGm ( r*¾opöm )

wm0wðom a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm
Am&mPod,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH £'H acg ye bdu©a0 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g
y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g t&d,opöH?
a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g t,ar0 t&da,m t|*Øaum ra*¾g/
avmuo®d}}EÅd/ ao,sxd'H-
or®m'd|d or®mouFayÜg or®m0gpm or®mur®aEÅm
or®mtmZDa0g or®m0g,marm or®mowd or®m
orm"d/

-jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY þonfum; qif;&J\csKyf&m ]edAÁmef}

a&mufaMumif;tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSef
-jrefrmjyef- w&m;wnf;/ þt&d,mr*fonf t*Fg&Spfyg;&Sd\?
t*Fg&Spfyg;[lonfum; rSefuefaom tjrif]or®m'd|d}?
pmwkr[m&mZfewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í rSefuefaom MuHpnfrI ]or®mouFyÜ}? rSefuefaom
wm0wðomewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mP pum; ]or®m0gpm}? rSefuefaom tvkyf ]or®mur®EÅ}?
oDjynf £odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü rSefuefaom toufarG;rI ]or®mtmZD0}? rSefuefaom
orP jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,muf tm;xkwfrI ]or®m0g,mr}? rSefuefaom atmufarhrI
rQ ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmf ]or®mowd}? rSefuefaom wnfMunfrI ]or®morm"d}
udk a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/ wdkYwnf;/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-12- -29-

( 'ku©opömü opöÓPf ) bkr®meH a'0geH o'´H okwGm pmwkr[m&mZdum

a'0g o'´rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mPod,H
]]£'H 'ku©H t&d,opö}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH y0wådwH
teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g a'a0e
O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g avmuo®d}}EÅd/
O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
&[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,m
wdkY\ trSefw&m;rnf\}} [k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u bkr®pdk;ewfwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHudk Mum;í pmwkr[m
rMum;zl;ukefaom ('ku©opöm) w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; &mZfewfwdkYonf ]]jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Am&mPoDjynf
ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif £odywe rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP
&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf jA[®P ewf rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf ra[mEdkifaom twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ a[mawmfrl\}}[k tqifhqifh a<u;aMumfukef\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-28- -13-

( ewfjA[®mwdkY aumif;csD;ay;yHk ) ( 'ku©opömü udpöÓPf )

y0wådaw p ye b*0wm "r®pauú bkr®m ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©H t&d,opöH y&dan,s}}EÅd
a'0g o'´ rEkóma0oHk ]]{wH b*0wm Am&mP- ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK
od,H £odywae rd*'ga, tEkwå&H "r®puúH O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm
y0wådwH tyÜ#d0wåd,H oraPe 0g jAm[®aPe 0g O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/
a'a0e 0g rma&e 0g jA[®Kem 0g auepd 0g
avmuo®d}}EÅd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

þodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;onf "r®pMumw&m;awmfudk &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;

a[mawmfrlonf&Sdaomf ]]Am&mPoDjynf £odywe udk ydkif;jcm;í odxdkuf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u
rd*'g0kefawm0,f avmuü orP jA[®P ewf (rMum;zl;ukefaom 'ku©opömw&m;wdkYü) igbk&m;tm;
rm&fewf jA[®m wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ra[mEdkifaom ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf
twkr&Sdaom þ"r®pMumw&m;awmfudk a[mawmfrl xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynm
\}}[k bkr®pdk;ewfwdkYonf aumif;csD;ay;oHudk tqifh onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;íodaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}
qifh a<u;aMumfukef\/ onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-14- -27-

( 'ku©opömü uwÓPf ) (t&Sifaum@n w&m;xl;&yHk)

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©H t&d,opöH y&dnmw}}EÅd £ro®ð p ye a0,smu&Po®ð bnrmae

ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK tm,o®awm aum@nó 0d&ZH 0DwrvH "r®pu©KH
O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd]],HudOöd ork',"r®H? oAÁH wH eda&m""r®}}EÅd/
O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSef -jrefrmjyef-

w&m;udk ydkif;jcm;íodcJhNyD}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u
rMum;zl;ukefaom ('ku©opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; þ*gxmrzuf oufoufaom a'oemawmfudk
ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif a[mawmfrlonf&Sdaomf toQifaum@ntm; ]]jzpfjcif;
&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf oabm&Sdaom w&m;tvHk;pHkonfcsKyfjcif; oabm&Sd
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf \}}[k (udavom)jrL tnpftaMu;uif;aom w&m;
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ rsufpd ]aomwmywådr*fÓPf}onf jzpfay:vm\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-26- -15-

( ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifh odjrifyHk ) ( ork',opömü opöÓPf )

ÓPOö ye ar 'óeH O'yg'd? tukyÜg ar ]]£'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opö}}EÅd ar bdu©a0

0drkwåd? t,rEÅdrm Zmwd? ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0gwd/ ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH
O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum
( yOö0*¾DwdkYw&m;ESpfoufMuyHk ) O'yg'd/

£'ra0gp b*0g? twårem yOö0*¾d,m bdu©L

b*0awm bmodwH tbdeE´KEÅd/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
&[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;
ig\ (udavomwdkYrS) vGwfajrmufrIonf rysuf jzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;rnf\}}[k (bk&m;-
pD;EdkifNyD? þum; tqHk;pGefaomb0wnf;? ,cktcg rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (ork',opöm)w&m;
b0opfü jzpfjcif;r&SdawmhNyD[k ightm; ypö0u©Pm wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
ÓPftjrifonf jzpfay:vm\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwf
þpum;udkrdefYawmfrl\? yOö0*¾Dig;yg; &[ef;wdkYonf aom ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í
ESpfvdkukefonfjzpfí jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfudk odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mif
0rf;ajrmufpGm cH,lMuavukef\/ onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-16- -25-

( ork',opömü udpöÓPf ) ( bk&m;tjzpf 0efcHawmfrlyHk )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH ,awm p acg ar bdu©a0 £arok pwlok
y[mwAÁ}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok t&d,oapöok {0H wdy&d0¥H 'Gg'omum&H ,xmblwH
"ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm ÓP'óeH ok0dok'¨H ta[mod/
O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ txm[H bdu©a0 oa'0au avmau
orm&au ojA[®au oórPjAm[®Pd,m yZm,
oa'0rEkóm, ]]tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbd-
orÁKa'¨g}}wd ypönmoð/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom t&d &[ef;wdkY ]]þt&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;av;yg;wdkYü

,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk y,ftyf\}}[k (bk&m;- þodkY oHk;yg;aom tjyef wpfq,fhESpfyg;aom
rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (ork',opöm)w&m; tjcif;t&m&Sdaom rSefuefaomÓPftjrifonf pif
wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ Mu,fvmaomtcgüomvQif igonf ewf rm&fewf
todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwf jA[®mESifhwuGaom ewfavmuESifh orP jA[®P
aom ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í rif;rsm; vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom vlYavmuü twkr&Sd
odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mif aom tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkYudk ukd,fwdkifrSefpGmodaom
onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ (t&[wår*f)ÓPfudk odNyD[k0efcHcJh\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-24- -17-

( bk&m;tjzpf 0efrcHawmfrlcJhao;yHk ) ( ork',opömü uwÓPf )

,m0uD0Oö ar bdu©a0 £arok pwlok ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©ork',H t&d,opöH

t&d,oapöok {0H wdy&d0¥H 'Gg'omum&H ,xmblwH y[De}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok
ÓP'óeH e ok0dok'¨H ta[mod/ pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm
ae0 wm0g[H bdu©a0 oa'0au avmau O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/
orm&au ojA[®au oórPjAm[®Pd,m yZm,
oa'0rEkóm, ]]tEkwå&H or®moarÁm"ð tbd-
orÁKa'¨g}} wd ypönmoð/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]þt&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;av;yg;wdkYü &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&Jjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom t&d

þodkY oHk;yg;aomtjyef wpfq,fhESpfyg;aom tjcif;
t&m&Sdaom rSefuefaomÓPftjrif rpifMu,fao;
orQ umvywfvHk; igonf ewf rm&fewf jA[®m
ESifhwuGaom ewfavmuESifh orP jA[®P rif;rsm;
vlrsm;ESifhwuGaom vlYavmuü twkr&Sdaom tvHk;
pHkaomw&m;wdkYudk ukd,fwdkifrSefpGmodaom (t&[wår*f)
ÓPfudk odNyD[k 0efrcHcJhacs/
,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk y,fNyD;NyD}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)
a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (ork',opöm) w&m;wdkYü
igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod
ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom
ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom
ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-18- -23-

( eda&m"opömü opöÓPf ) ( r*¾opömü uwÓPf )

]]£'H 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opö}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g t&d,opöH
ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH bm0dw}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok
O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm
O'yg'd/ O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef- -jrefrmjyef-

&[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&J\ csKyf&mjzpfaom &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&JcsKyf&m ]edAÁmef}odkY a&mufaMumif;

t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;rnf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk yGm;rsm;
a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (eda&m"opöm) w&m;wdkYü NyD;NyD}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom
igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod (r*¾opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf
ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;
ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xdk;xGif;í odaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-22- -19-

( r*¾opömü udpöÓPf ) ( eda&m"opömü udpöÓPf )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g t&d,opöH ]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH
bma0wAÁ}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok opädumwAÁ}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok
"ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? "ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm
0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&JcsKyf&m ]edAÁmef}odkY a&mufaMumif;
tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSefw&m;udk yGm;rsm; &[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&J\ csKkyf&mjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\
tyf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom trSefw&m;udk rsufarSmufjyKtyf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)
(r*¾opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (eda&m"opöm) w&m;wdkYü
xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym; igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod
tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom
xdk;xGif;íodaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom
tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf
xif&Sm;jzpf\/
 "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef "r®pMum ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef
-20- -21-

( eda&m"opömü uwÓPf ) ( r*¾opömü opöÓPf )

]]wH acg yed'H 'ku©eda&m"H t&d,opöH ]]£'H 'ku©eda&m"*grdeD y#dy'g t&d,opö}}EÅd

opäduw}}EÅd ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok ar bdu©a0 ykaAÁ teEkókawok "ar®ok pu©HK
"ar®ok pu©HK O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? ÓPH O'yg'd? ynm O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd?
O'yg'd? 0dZÆm O'yg'd? tmavmaum O'yg'd/ tmavmaum O'yg'd/

-jrefrmjyef-
-jrefrmjyef-
&[ef;wdkY ]]þw&m;onf qif;&J\csKyf&m ]edAÁmef}
&[ef;wdkY ]]xdkqif;&J\ csKkyf&mjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ a&mufaMumif; tusifhjzpfaom t&d,mwdkY\ trSef
trSefw&m;udk rsufarSmufjyKNyD;NyD}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD) w&m;rnf\}}[k (bk&m;rjzpfrD)a&S;u rMum;zl;ukef
a&S;u rMum;zl;ukefaom (eda&m"opöm) w&m;wdkYü aom (r*¾opöm)w&m;wdkYü igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpd
igbk&m;tm; ynmrsufpdonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tod onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ todÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
ÓPfonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom tjym;tm;jzifh odwwfaom ÓPfynmonf xif&Sm;
ÓPf]ynm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;í odaom jzpf\/ xdk;xGif;íodaom ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;
ÓPf]0dZÆm}onf xif&Sm;jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf jzpf\/ tvif;a&mifonf xif&Sm;jzpf\/
xif&Sm;jzpf\/