Systems of Care 3 HIV Med-Surg Practice Questions

NUR 4739

1. The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with HIV. The patient asks what would determine the actual development of AIDS. The nurses response is based on the knowledge that which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for AIDS? A. B. C. D. Presence of HIV antibodies CD4+ T cell count <200/l White blood cell count <5000/l Presence of oral hairy leukoplakia

B: Diagnostic criteria for AIDS include a CD4+ T-cell count <200/l and/or the development of specified opportunistic infections, cancers, wasting syndrome, or dementia. The other options may be found in patients with HIV disease, but do not define the advancement of the disease to AIDS. 2. When teaching a patient infected with HIV regarding transmission of the virus to others, which of the following statements made by the patient would identify a need for further education? A. B. C. D. gym. A: HIV is not spread casually. The virus cannot be transmitted through hugging, dry kissing, shaking hands, sharing eating utensils, using toilet seats, or attending school with an HIV-infected person. It is not transmitted through tears, saliva, urine, emesis, sputum, feces, or sweat. 3. A hospital has seen a recent increase in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Which of the following measures should be prioritized in the response to this trend? A. Use of gloves during patient contact I will need to isolate any tissues I use so as not to infect my family. I will notify all of my sexual partners so they can get tested for HIV. Unprotected sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission. I do not need to worry about spreading this virus to others by sweating at the

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B. C. D. Frequent and thorough hand washing Prophylactic, broad-spectrum antibiotics Fitting and appropriate use of N95 masks

NUR 4739

B: Hand washing remains the mainstay of the prevention of HAIs. Gloves, masks, and antibiotics may be appropriate in specific circumstances, but none of these replaces the central role of vigilant, thorough hand washing. 4. Standard precautions should be used when providing care for A. B. C. D. All patients regardless of diagnosis. Pediatric and gerontologic patients. Patients who are immunocompromised. Patients with a history of infectious diseases.

A: Standard precautions are designed for all care of all patients in hospitals and health care facilities. 5. The nurse is providing care for a patient who has been living with HIV for several years. Which of the following assessment findings most clearly indicates an acute exacerbation of the disease? A. B. C. D. A new onset of polycythemia Presence of mononucleosis-like symptoms A sharp decrease in the patients CD4+ count A sudden increase in the patients WBC count

C: A decrease in CD4+ count signals an exacerbation of the severity of HIV. Polycythemia is not characteristic of the course of HIV. A patients WBC count is very unlikely to suddenly increase, with decreases being typical. Mononucleosis-like symptoms such as malaise, headache, and fatigue are typical of early HIV infection and seroconversion.