Chapter 3: "Human Body Systems" pp.

57-85

Name

Lesson 1: "What is the circulatory system?" pp. 63-69

The Body's Transportation System The circulatory to each cell and removes Parts of the circulatory system are system wastes . moves food and oxygen

heart, blood, and blood vessels

"Functions of the Blood" and "Blood Cells" Parts of the blood: 1. blood Carries food - a straw-colored to the plasma . wastes

cells and carries

away from the cells. 2. red body's These cells are oxygen darker 3. white germs around and break down blood cells . bright red when carrying cells- carry oxygen to the

. After delivering oxygen to the cells their color turns a red. blood cells- protect the body against

and other harmful things. Some white blood cells wrap germs and other harmful things. Others make chemicals to changing
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kill germs. The number of white cells is always

4.

Platelets

- pieces of

cells that float in the bleeding and help form a

blood clot

Platelets are there to stop "Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins" Three kinds of blood vessels: 1. Arteries heart

- blood vessels that carry blood away from the

to other parts of your body. thick , muscular walls. oxygen . moves

Arteries have

Almost every artery carries blood with lots of 2. capillary from the carbon direction. 3. Veins the heart . Veins have valves -flaps that act like - blood vessels that take blood blood

- your smallest blood vessels. oxygen in your capillaries to your cells dioxide and other wastes go in the other

from cells back to

door to keep blood heart

flowing in one direction Arteries and

. They allow blood to flow into the capillaries do not have valves.

"Parts of the Heart" The heart is divided into two Pump and sends blood sides . Each side works as a along different paths. lungs . In the lungs, the blood gets oxygen
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separate

The right side pumps blood to the

and gives up carbon

dioxide

. The blood then flows to arteries

the left side of the heart. The left side pumps blood through the to the body . Each side of the heart has two Atrium Ventricle Many small blood parts.

- upper part of each side of the heart. - lower part of each side of the heart; larger and more vessels are in the muscles powerful

of the heart. The blood in these vessels gives the muscles in your heart oxygen food, and water . times.

During your life, your heart beats about 3 billion

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Lesson 2: "What is the respiratory system?" pp. 70-73

"Parts of the Respiratory System" Many parts of the respiratory system are coated with mucus fluid that traps dust, germs, and other things - a sticky, thick

that may be in the air. Path of air: 1. Air enters through the sinuses layer of mucus 2. 3. nose or mouth . Hairs and

warm and moisten the air. trap dust and germs. throat .

Air goes to back of the

From the throat it goes into the larynx the vocal cords . trachea

, which contains

4.

Air then moves down the the larynx

, a tube that carries air from

to the lungs. It is also known as the wind pipe bronchi .

5. 6. 7.

The trachea leads splits into 2 branches called The bronchi each go into the lungs .

In the lungs the bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles Asthma . A disease that affects the bronchioles is . pouches
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8.

The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny, thin-walled

called air enters the

sacs blood

. Here is where

oxygen dioxide leaves the blood. .

and carbon alveoli

Air sacs are also known as The diaphragm chest area. When it When it contracts, you

is a dome-shaped muscle that forms the bottom of the contracts it moves down and gets flatter exhale

inhale When it relaxes, you

"Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Work Together" The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to get cells . The blood picks up the oxygen in the air Two things happen in the air sacs: 1. 2. Oxygen Carbon leaves the lungs dioxide and enters the and blood . sacs and carries it to all your cells oxygen to our

leaves the blood

enters the lungs. Some diseases of the respiratory system: Cold - virus - Runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing Influenza Virus Cough, sore throat, stuffy nose, fever Pneuonia Bacteria or Virus Cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever Tuberculosis Bacteria Cough, fever, wheezing Lung Cancer Tobacco, chemicals Lung cell grow incorrectly and very quickly

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Lesson 3: "What are the digestive and urinary systems?"

"Digestive System" Food has to be changed before your cells can use it.

"The Mouth and Esophagus" Chewing Teeth: crush Tongue: moves is the first step in digestion. food as you chew. food so it can be saliva . It has chewed chemicals that .

Salivary glands: Make digest food.

Epiglottis: Moves to cover your The esophagus is a tube

trachea

when you swallow. stomach muscles

that carries food to the squeezing

It pushes food to the stomach by in a pattern. "Stomach" Your stomach is a tight It is located under your lower , left round

rings of

muscle. ribs .

The stomach's walls can stretch It produces fluids that help to digest

to store all the food from a meal. food.

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"Intestines" The stomach squeezes the partly digested food into a tube called the Your liver small intestine are organs that send narrow . , winding

and pancreas chemicals

to your small intestine to digest food. food can move

When digestion is finished, the particles of digested into your blood . vessels

that are in the walls of your

intestine Villi- finger -

, shaped

structures found inside the intestine . intestine . Food , to be mixed

walls of the small

Large intestine: Found at the end of the small

waste moves into this structure, also known as the colon with helpful bacteria .

water and salts are removed from the wastes making it more solid. muscles squeeze and move the waste out of the body.

"The Urinary System" The urinary system removes poison the body. Kidneys: A pair of organs that remove wastes from your blood. just under your wastes from the blood and removes them from

They are located on either side of your backbone lowest ribs .

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Other wastes such as water, salt, calcium, nutrients, and other chemicals are also filtered out of the blood. Urine: Mix of wasters blood. Urinary bladder: Stores urine until it leaves the body. and water that the kidneys remove from the

Other organs that remove wastes from the body: Lungs remove carbon dioxide .

Sweat glands remove small amounts of cell waste in sweat

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