Incarcerated Hernia

-is a type of hernia characterized by the fact that the herniated tissue becomes trapped in the hernial sack. Most commonly, this type of hernia presents as an abdominal hernia involving the bowels. Incarcerated hernias are considered surgical emergencies, and they require immediate medical treatment to avoid serious complications.

Nursing Diagnosis w/ Intervention 1. Pain related to surgical procedure

Have the patient splint the incision site with hand or pillow when coughing to lessen pain and protect site from increased intraabdominal pressure Keep bedding clean, dry, and free of wrinkles and debris. Provide therapeutic environment Put patient in comfort position to decrease pressure on surgical incision Explaining pain relief methods, such as Breathing exercises, heat application, and progressive relaxation Administer analgesics, as doctor ordered.

Pathophysiology
Hernias occur when organs bulge through the connective tissue which normally protects them and keeps them in place. The resulting bulge is known as a hernial sack, and it includes layers of connective tissue along with the herniated organ. When pressure inside the residing organ compartment increases a lot, it leads to hernia. This can happen also because of the weakened boundary wall. People can often feel hernias from the outside in the case of abdominal hernias, because the hernia breaks through the abdominal wall.

2. Activity Intolerance related to limited mobility and weakness secondary to surgical incision and pain
Encourage progress in the client activity level during my shift by: Allow the client legs to dangle first; support him from the side because dangling the legs helps minimize orthostatic hypotension. Increase the client time out of bed by 15 minutes each time. Allow him to set a comfortable rate of ambulation, to prevent overexertion. Encourage the client to increase activity when pain is at a minimum or after pain relief measures take effect. Take vital signs before activity, Repeat vital sign assessment after activity, and Assess for abnormal responses to increased activity.

Physiology
The intestines are a long, continuous tube running from the stomach to the anus. Most absorption of nutrients and water happen in the intestines. The intestines include the small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The small intestine (small bowel) is about 20 feet long and about an inch in diameter. Its job is to absorb most of the nutrients from what we eat and drink. Velvety tissue lines the small intestine, which is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The large intestine (colon or large bowel) is about 5 feet long and about 3 inches in diameter. The colon absorbs water from wastes, creating stool. As stool enters the rectum, nerves there create the urge to defecate

3. Impaired Skin Integrity related to invasive procedure

Perform hand washing before and after contact with patient to prevent contamination. Inspect dressings routinely and change it if necessary Record amount and type of wound drainage Turn the patient frequently and maintain good body alignment.